WO2022137891A1 - 信号処理装置、信号処理方法及び非一時的なコンピュータ可読媒体 - Google Patents
信号処理装置、信号処理方法及び非一時的なコンピュータ可読媒体 Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
- H04B1/02—Transmitters
- H04B1/04—Circuits
- H04B1/0475—Circuits with means for limiting noise, interference or distortion
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03F—AMPLIFIERS
- H03F1/00—Details of amplifiers with only discharge tubes, only semiconductor devices or only unspecified devices as amplifying elements
- H03F1/32—Modifications of amplifiers to reduce non-linear distortion
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03F—AMPLIFIERS
- H03F3/00—Amplifiers with only discharge tubes or only semiconductor devices as amplifying elements
- H03F3/20—Power amplifiers, e.g. Class B amplifiers, Class C amplifiers
- H03F3/24—Power amplifiers, e.g. Class B amplifiers, Class C amplifiers of transmitter output stages
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/0413—MIMO systems
- H04B7/0452—Multi-user MIMO systems
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- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a signal processing device, a signal processing method, and a non-temporary computer-readable medium.
- Patent Document 1 discloses an antenna device provided with a distortion compensating unit that compensates for distortion caused by a plurality of amplifiers.
- the detection unit of the antenna device detects, for example, AM (Amplitude Modulation) -AM distortion or AM-PM (Phase Modulation) distortion as the distortion characteristics of the power amplifier.
- the distortion compensation unit performs distortion compensation for a plurality of amplifiers based on this detection result.
- Patent Document 2 describes that the DPD (Digital Pre-Distortion) module and the non-linear adjustment module of the correction device compensate for the non-linearity of a plurality of power amplifiers.
- the DPD module uniformly compensates for the non-linearity of a plurality of power amplifiers based on the DPD parameters.
- the non-linear adjustment module also compensates for non-linear parts of the power amplifier that are not compensated by the DPD module, based on the analog non-linear correction parameters.
- Patent Document 3 discloses a dual channel remote radio head unit in which a digital logic circuit generates a pre-distortion compensation signal suitable for each of the power amplifiers.
- Patent Document 4 describes an RF power amplifier system that minimizes an error between an input signal to the power amplifier 110 and an output signal of the power amplifier 110 by a leading strainer.
- a DPD compensation unit in front of the amplifier, it is implemented to suppress the nonlinear distortion generated by the amplifier and expand the linear range in the output signal of the amplifier.
- some amplifiers may have a memory effect on their input / output characteristics. In this situation, when the calibration signal is input to the amplifier during the calibration operation of the wireless communication setting, the calibration signal amplified and output by the amplifier reflects the memory effect. Therefore, there is a possibility that accurate calibration cannot be performed.
- An object of the present disclosure is to provide a signal processing device, a signal processing method, and a non-temporary computer-readable medium for enabling accurate calibration.
- the signal processing device of one aspect according to the present embodiment performs distortion compensation processing for compensating for nonlinear distortion for one or more input signals among a plurality of input signals, and outputs the strain-compensated signal.
- a compensation means a plurality of amplifiers that amplify a plurality of input signals including a signal output by the distortion compensation means and output them as output signals, and a calibration signal are used as a plurality of input signals and are input to a plurality of amplifiers.
- the calculation means and the calculation means for calculating at least one of the phase, amplitude, and intensity of the input signal and the output signal corresponding to the input signal are calculated for each input signal.
- a control means for controlling whether or not the distortion compensation means executes the distortion compensation processing on the calibration signal based on the comparison result is provided.
- distortion compensation processing for compensating for nonlinear distortion is performed on one or more input signals among a plurality of input signals, and a signal to which distortion compensation processing is performed is output.
- Multiple amplifiers amplify multiple input signals including distortion-compensated signals and output them as output signals, and the calibration signal is used as multiple input signals and is input to multiple amplifiers.
- the calibration operation at least one of the phase, amplitude, and intensity comparison results of the input signal and the output signal corresponding to the input signal is calculated for each input signal, and calibration is performed based on the calculated comparison result. Controls whether or not distortion compensation processing is executed for the operation signal.
- the non-temporary computer-readable medium performs distortion compensation processing for compensating for nonlinear distortion for one or more input signals among a plurality of input signals, and the distortion compensation processing is performed.
- At the time of the calibration operation of the own device at least one of the phase, amplitude and intensity comparison result between the input signal and the output signal corresponding to the input signal is calculated for each input signal, and the calculated comparison result is obtained. Based on this, a program that causes a computer to control whether or not to execute distortion compensation processing on the calibration signal is stored.
- FIG. 2 It is a block diagram which shows an example of the BB unit which concerns on Embodiment 2.
- FIG. It is a block diagram which shows an example of the FE unit which concerns on Embodiment 2.
- FIG. It is a flowchart which shows an example of the processing of the wireless communication apparatus which concerns on Embodiment 2. It is a flowchart which shows an example of the detailed processing of the wireless communication apparatus which concerns on Embodiment 2. It is a block diagram which shows an example of the hardware composition of the apparatus which concerns on each embodiment.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing an example of a wireless communication device 10 according to a related technique.
- the wireless communication device 10 is equipped with a 5G super multi-element AAS (Active Antenna System) and is provided in, for example, a base station.
- the wireless communication device 10 includes a BF-BB (Beamforming-Baseband) unit 20 and an AAS unit 30.
- the AAS unit 30 includes an optical transceiver 31, a TRX-BB unit 32, a frontend unit 33, 32 antennas 34, and a wireless transmitter unit (in this embodiment, 32 antennas / transmitters / receivers are taken as an example.
- the uplink (UL) shown below means a communication path from a UE (User Equipment: terminal) (not shown) to the wireless communication device 10, and a downlink (DL) means a communication path from the wireless communication device 10 to the UE. Means the communication path of.
- the BF-BB unit 20 is a baseband unit having a function of generating a beamforming signal.
- the BF-BB unit 20 internally stores the preset reception system characteristics [CAL-RX (fixed)]. Further, the BF-BB unit 20 obtains the characteristic TX # n * [CAL-RX] of each signal channel acquired by the operation of the TRX-BB unit 32 when the wireless communication device 10 is activated and periodically. Store it internally and update it whenever a new value is obtained. The BF-BB unit 20 uses these values and outputs a communication signal for communication to the AAS unit 30 to perform communication in the DL direction. The details of this process will be described later.
- the optical transceiver 31 performs photoelectric conversion of a signal (for example, a plurality of layer signals) transmitted / received between the BF-BB unit 20 and the TRX-BB unit 32 and vice versa.
- a signal for example, a plurality of layer signals
- the TRX-BB unit 32 mediates communication signals transmitted and received between the optical transceiver 31 and the front end unit 33. Further, the TRX-BB unit 32 generates an IQ signal, which is a DL calibration signal (hereinafter referred to as a DL-CAL signal), during the DL calibration operation, via the front end unit 33, the distribution synthesizer 35, and the SW36. And output to CAL-TRX37. Further, the TRX-BB unit 32 generates a UL-CAL signal (hereinafter, referred to as a UL-CAL signal) which is an IQ signal during the UL calibration operation, and directly outputs it to the CAL-TRX37. In this way, the TRX-BB unit 32 functions as a transceiver baseband unit.
- a DL-CAL signal DL calibration signal
- UL-CAL signal UL-CAL signal
- the TRX-BB unit 32 is a unit that mediates communication signals transmitted and received between the optical transceiver 31 and the front end unit 33, and includes 32 BB units 40 # 0 to # 31.
- the BB units 40 # 0 to # 31 are collectively referred to as the BB unit 40.
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram of the BB unit 40.
- the BB unit 40 includes a CFR processing unit 41 and a DPD processing unit 42.
- Each of the BB units 40 # 0 to # 31 has the same configuration as that shown in FIG.
- the CFR processing unit 41 limits the peak level of the IQ signal (multiple layer signal) output from the BF-BB unit 20 and input via the optical transceiver 31 by a CFR threshold value (threshold value for suppressing the maximum peak component). do. Specifically, the CFR processing unit 41 suppresses the signal amplitude component exceeding the peak level set by the CFR threshold value among the amplitude components in the input plurality of layer signals to the peak level set by the CFR threshold value. , Is output to the DPD processing unit 42.
- a CFR threshold value threshold value for suppressing the maximum peak component
- the reason for suppressing the peak level in the CFR processing unit 41 is as follows. If the peak level is not suppressed, the transmission signal having a high peak level may be output to the transmission amplifier in the subsequent stage of the CFR processing unit 41. In that case, hard clipping occurs at the saturation output level of the transmission amplifier, so that a high-order cross-modulation nonlinear distortion component is generated, and the DPD processing unit 42 cannot sufficiently compensate for this nonlinear distortion component. There is. In order to avoid this state, the CFR processing unit 41 limits the peak level of the transmission signal input to the transmission amplifier, and adjusts the transmission signal so that the output level of the transmission amplifier does not exceed the saturation level.
- the DPD processing unit 42 is provided between each CFR processing unit 41 and each TRX51.
- the DPD processing unit 42 outputs the IQ signal (multiple layer signal) output from the CFR processing unit 41 and the transmission amplifier 52 (transmission power amplifier), and then returns via the directional coupler 53 and the FB (Feedback) path.
- the IR signal (multiple layer signal) to which the non-linear distortion based on the non-linearity of the transmission amplifier 52 is added is compared. By this comparison, the DPD processing unit 42 compensates the input signal by weighting the input signal with the inverse correction of the degree of non-linearity in order to compensate for the non-linear distortion in the input / output characteristics of AM-AM and AM-PM generated in the transmission amplifier 52. ..
- the IR signal is represented as a signal FB in FIGS. 2 and 3.
- the DPD processing unit 42 compensates for the amplitude and phase of the IQ signal for wireless communication output from the CFR processing unit 41 based on the DPD compensation coefficient representing the characteristics opposite to the input / output characteristics of the transmission amplifier 52 in the subsequent stage. Compensation processing is performed, and the signal to which the DPD compensation processing is performed is output to the FE (Front End) unit 50 as a TR signal.
- This DPD compensation process is performed in order to suppress non-linear distortion radiation and improve the SINR (Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio) performance of the DL.
- the DPD compensation process can also improve the EVM (Error Vector Magnitude) and ACLR (Adjacent Channel Leakage Ratio) of the transmission amplifier 52.
- the TRX-BB unit 32 determines the calibration weight (hereinafter referred to as CAL weight) for DL or UL by executing the DL or UL calibration operation when the wireless communication device 10 is activated and periodically. ,Remember.
- This DL / UL-CAL weight is a value for correcting the amplitude and phase variation of each TX or RX described later, and is determined by the DL / UL calibration operation based on the DL / UL-CAL signal. ..
- the wireless communication device 10 transmits a spatial multiplex signal composed of a plurality of layers by data beamforming, the beam of radio waves output to the UE with which the wireless communication device 10 communicates is a UE (other UE) with which the wireless communication device 10 does not communicate.
- the wireless communication device 10 forms a beam pattern for transmitting data in the direction of a certain UE and emits a beam, a null is formed as a pattern of the emitted beam in the direction of the other UE. Radiation. DL calibration is done to ensure the desired angle and depth of null.
- the TRX-BB unit 32 When executing DL calibration, the TRX-BB unit 32 generates a DL-CAL signal and transmits it to the CAL-TRX 37 via the front end unit 33, the distribution synthesizer 35 and the SW36.
- the CAL-TRX37 outputs the DL-CAL signal that has passed through the inside to the TRX-BB unit 32.
- the TRX-BB unit 32 measures the difference in amplitude and phase between the original DL-CAL signal and the DL-CAL signal received by the CAL-TRX37, and in order to reverse-correct the difference, the TRX-BB unit 32 is used in each signal channel. Determine the DL-CAL weight to apply.
- the TRX-BB unit 32 when executing UL calibration, the TRX-BB unit 32 generates a UL-CAL signal and inputs it to the CAL-TRX37.
- the CAL-TRX37 inputs the UL-CAL signal that has passed through the inside of the CAL network to the receiver RX of the TRX51 via the SW36 and the distribution synthesizer 35.
- the receiver RX inputs the UL-CAL signal to the TRX-BB unit 32.
- the TRX-BB unit 32 measures the difference in amplitude and phase between the original UL-CAL signal and the UL-CAL signal transmitted by the CAL-TRX37, and in order to reverse-correct it, the receiver of each TRX51. Determine the UL-CAL weight to apply to RX.
- the TRX-BB unit 32 functions as a transceiver baseband unit.
- the DL / UL-CAL signal which is an IQ signal transmitted / received between the TRX-BB unit 32 (DPD processing unit 42) and the CAL-TRX37, is displayed as DL / UL-CAL IQ. is doing.
- the front end portion 33 includes 32 FE units 50 # 0 to # 31.
- the FE units 50 # 0 to # 31 are collectively referred to as the FE unit 50.
- FIG. 3 is a block diagram of the FE unit 50.
- the FE unit 50 includes a TRX 51, a transmission amplifier (transmission power amplifier) 52, a directional coupler (COUPLER) 53, SW 54, and a reception amplifier (reception power amplifier) 55.
- Each of the FE units 50 # 0 to # 31 has the same configuration as that shown in FIG.
- the TRX51 is a transmitter / receiver, and includes a transmitter TX and a receiver RX (not shown).
- the transmitter TX converts the IQ signal received from the TRX-BB unit 32 into an RF signal and outputs it to the antenna 34 or the CAL-TRX37.
- the transmitter TX outputs an RF signal to the antenna 34, and when performing DL calibration, the transmitter TX passes through the distribution synthesizer 35 and CAL-.
- a DL-CAL signal (RF signal) is output to the TRX37.
- the receiver TX converts the RF signal received from the antenna 34 or the CAL-TRX37 into an IQ signal and outputs it to the TRX-BB unit 32.
- the TRX 51 receives the RF signal from the antenna 34.
- the TRX 51 receives a UL-CAL signal (RF signal) from the CAL-TRX 37 via the distribution synthesizer 35.
- the received UL-CAL signal is converted into a UL-CAL signal (IQ signal), and the converted UL-CAL signal is output to the BF-BB unit 20 via the TRX-BB unit 32.
- the TRX 51 has an FB path that outputs the signal FB output from the directional coupler 53 to the above-mentioned DPD processing unit 42.
- Each transmission amplifier 52 is arranged between each antenna 34 and the TRX 51 provided corresponding to each antenna 34.
- the transmission amplifier 52 amplifies the RF signal (signal for wireless communication or DL-CAL signal) output from the TRX 51 and outputs it to the directional coupler 53.
- Each directional coupler 53 is a coupler provided between each transmission amplifier 52 and each antenna 34.
- the directional coupler 53 outputs the RF signal output from each transmission amplifier 52 to the antenna 34 and outputs it to the corresponding TRX 51 by the FB path.
- the TRX 51 outputs the output RF signal to the DPD processing unit 42 by the FB path, and the DPD processing unit 42 receives the output RF signal and performs the above-mentioned processing.
- the SW54 is a switch for switching a signal input or output to the TRX51 based on a control signal from the control unit of the AAS unit 30. That is, the connection destination of the front end unit 33 is switched by the control of the AAS unit 30.
- the front end unit 33 and the antenna 34 are connected in each signal channel # 0 to # 31, and the front end unit 33 and the CAL-TRX37 are connected.
- SW54 is controlled so that it is not connected to.
- the RF signal from the TRX 51 is output to the antenna 34 at the time of data transmission, while the SW 54 outputs the RF signal from the antenna 34 to the TRX 51 at the time of data reception.
- the wireless communication device 10 executes DL / UL calibration
- the front end portion 33 and the CAL-TRX 37 are connected in each signal channel # 0 to # 31, and the front end portion 33 and the antenna 34 are connected to each other.
- SW54 is controlled so that it is not connected.
- the connection between the antenna 34 and the TRX 51 is disconnected.
- the wireless communication device 10 executes DL calibration
- the DL-CAL signal output from the transmission amplifier 52 is input to the distribution synthesizer 35.
- the UL-CAL signal output from the distribution synthesizer 35 is input to the receiving amplifier 55.
- the wireless communication device 10 prevents the DL / UL-CAL signal processed by each TRX51 from being affected by interference from other systems. That is, since the DL / UL-CAL signal processed by each TRX51 does not contain an interference component, the AAS unit 30 can accurately determine the CAL weight applied to each TRX51. Further, when the DL / UL calibration is completed, the control unit of the AAS unit 30 controls each SW54 so that each TRX51 and each antenna 34 are connected.
- Each receiving amplifier 55 amplifies the input RF signal (wireless communication signal or UL-CAL signal) and outputs it to the corresponding TRX51.
- the antenna 34 is an antenna provided corresponding to each TRX51, each transmission amplifier 52, and each reception amplifier 55.
- the antenna 34 is a polarization service antenna having polarizations orthogonal to each other of +45 degrees and -45 degrees, and four antennas of eight sets, that is, a total of 32 antennas are provided, but one antenna element is two-biased. Since it is used for waves, it is equivalent to 64 antennas.
- Each antenna 34 wirelessly transmits the RF signal received from each FE unit 50 to one or more UEs. At least one of a filter and a duplexer may be appropriately provided on the front stage side of each antenna 34.
- the distribution synthesizer 35 When the wireless communication device 10 executes DL calibration, the distribution synthesizer 35 synthesizes the DL-CAL signal output from each SW54 and outputs the combined DL-CAL signal to the SW36. Further, when executing UL calibration, the distribution synthesizer 35 distributes the UL-CAL signal output from the SW 36, and outputs the distributed UL-CAL signal to each SW 54.
- SW36 is a switch for switching the signal direction.
- the SW 36 causes the SW 36 to output a DL-CAL signal output from the distribution synthesizer 35.
- the SW 36 causes the distribution synthesizer 35 to output the UL-CAL signal output from the SW 36.
- the CAL-TRX37 converts the DL-CAL signal (RF signal) output from the SW36 into a DL-CAL signal (IQ signal) when the wireless communication device 10 executes DL calibration. Then, the converted DL-CAL signal is output to the TRX-BB unit 32.
- the CAL-TRX37 converts the UL-CAL signal (IQ signal) output from the TRX-BB unit 32 into a UL-CAL signal (RF signal) when the wireless communication device 10 executes UL calibration. , The converted UL-CAL signal is output to SW36.
- the CAL-TRX37 may include a transmitter and a receiver in the same manner as the TRX51.
- each DPD processing unit 42 is turned off, and the DPD compensation processing is not executed.
- the TRX-BB unit 32 outputs a preset DL-CAL signal (IQ signal) to the front end unit 33.
- Each TRX51 (transmitter TX) in the front end portion 33 converts a DL-CAL signal (IQ signal) into a DL-CAL signal (RF signal).
- the DL-CAL signal (RF signal) converted by each TRX51 is output to the distribution synthesizer 35 via the transmission amplifier 52 and SW54, and is synthesized by the distribution synthesizer 35.
- the DL-CAL signal synthesized by the distribution synthesizer 35 is input to the CAL-TRX 37 via the SW36.
- the AAS unit 30 may output the DL-CAL signal at different timings for each signal channel.
- the CAL-TRX37 converts the received DL-CAL signal (RF signal) into a DL-CAL signal (IQ signal) and outputs it to the TRX-BB unit 32.
- the DL-CAL signal transmitted from the CAL-TRX37 is in a state in which the DL-CAL signal transmitted from each TRX51 # n is synthesized by frequency division multiplexing. Therefore, the TRX-BB unit 32 frequency-separates the DL-CAL signal transmitted from the CAL-TRX37 by an FFT (Fast Fourier Transform), and extracts the DL-CAL signal for each signal channel # 0 to # 31. Then, the DL-CAL weight is calculated.
- FFT Fast Fourier Transform
- the TRX-BB unit 32 determines the difference in amplitude and phase between the DL-CAL signal of the DL-CAL signal transmitted for each signal channel and the original (that is, before transmission) DL-CAL signal. By measuring, the amplitude and phase variation of the DL-CAL signal for each signal channel are learned. The TRX-BB unit 32 calculates the DL-CAL weight of each TRX51 # n based on the learning result.
- the DL-CAL weights of each TRX51 # n are the transmission system characteristics (amplitude and phase characteristics) [TX # n] of TRX51 # n and the reception of CAL-TRX37, as expressed by the following formula 1. It is multiplied by the system characteristics (amplitude and phase characteristics) [CAL-RX].
- the BF-BB unit 20 stores this DL-CAL weight internally. After that, during the wireless communication related to the normal DL, the BF-BB unit 20 outputs the DL signal weighted by the above-mentioned DL-CAL weight to each TRX51 for each TRX51.
- the BF-BB unit 20 generates a BF signal (IQ signal) by an internal circuit. Then, the generated BF signal is corrected by the DL-CAL wait described above for each of the signal channels # 0 to # 31, and then output to the TRX-BB unit 32 via the optical transceiver 31.
- the optical transceiver 31 may not be provided between the BF-BB unit 20 and the TRX-BB unit 32, and the BF-BB unit 20 and the TRX-BB unit 32 may be directly connected to each other.
- the BF-BB unit 20 is configured to be connected to an external DU (Distribution Unit) via an optical transceiver.
- the BF-BB unit 20 multiplies the BF signal by a fraction having the DL-CAL weight as the denominator and the fixed receiving system characteristic [CAL-RX (fixed)] of the CAL-TRX 37 as the numerator.
- the corrected BF signal is expressed by the following mathematical formula 2. [CAL-RX (fixed)] is stored in advance in a storage unit (not shown) of the BF-BB unit 20.
- the corrected BF signal is converted from an IQ signal to an RF signal by each TRX51 # n of the TRX-BB unit 32 and transmitted, amplified by each transmission amplifier 52 # n, and output from the front end unit 33.
- the BF signal output from the front end unit 33 passes through each TRX51 # n, it is expressed by the following mathematical formula 3.
- the DL-CAL weight update shown above is performed between the transmission of the radio signal by fan beamforming (Beam Pattern equivalent to Omni-directional Broad Beamforming) and the transmission of the radio signal by data beamforming, as described later. It may be done. Alternatively, the DL-CAL weight may be updated regularly. As yet another example, the wireless communication device 10 updates the DL-CAL weight triggered by the detection by the sensor of the wireless communication device 10 that an environmental change (for example, a temperature change) or a change with time of the signal has occurred. May be.
- the update cycle in this case is, for example, a cycle of 1 minute or more.
- the TRX-BB unit 32 directly outputs a preset UL-CAL signal (IQ signal) to the CAL-TRX37.
- the CAL-TRX37 converts a UL-CAL signal (IQ signal) into a UL-CAL signal (RF signal).
- the UL-CAL signal (RF signal) converted by the CAL-TRX37 is output to the distribution synthesizer 35 via the SW36 and distributed by the distribution synthesizer 35.
- the UL-CAL signal distributed by the distribution synthesizer 35 is output to each TRX51 via each SW54 and a receiving amplifier 55.
- Each TRX51 converts a UL-CAL signal (RF signal) into a UL-CAL signal (IQ signal) and outputs it to the TRX-BB unit 32.
- the TRX-BB unit 32 measures the amplitude and phase difference between the UL-CAL signal of the UL-CAL signal received by each TRX51 and the original UL-CAL signal, and measures the amplitude and phase of the UL-CAL signal. Learn the variation of.
- the TRX-BB unit 32 calculates the UL-CAL weight of each TRX51 based on the learning result.
- the BF-BB unit 20 stores this UL-CAL weight inside. After that, during normal wireless communication related to UL, the BF-BB unit 20 outputs a UL signal weighted by the UL-CAL weight described above for each TRX51 to each TRX51.
- the wireless communication device 10 is a wireless communication device corresponding to the TDD mode (TDD communication method).
- the TDD mode is a communication method in which DL communication and UL communication are switched in time to transmit and receive using the same frequency on the upper and lower links (UL / DL).
- a DL subframe is transmitted for DL communication, and a UL subframe is transmitted for UL communication.
- a special subframe is transmitted.
- the special subframe is a subframe composed of DwPTS (Downlink Pilot Time Slot), UpPTS (Uplink Pilot Time Slot) and GP (Guard Period).
- DwPTS is a field reserved for DL communication
- UpPTS is a field reserved for UL communication
- GP is a field where DL communication and UL communication are not performed.
- both the transmitter TX and the receiver RX in the TRX 51 are exclusively turned OFF / ON.
- the wireless communication device 10 performs at least one of DL calibration and UL calibration, for example, during the GP time interval of the special subframe.
- FIG. 4 shows the power level of the transmitter TX at each timing of DL and UL timing.
- the horizontal axis of FIG. 4 indicates time, and the vertical axis indicates power level.
- the solid line L1 in FIG. 4 shows the transition of the transmission power level of the transmitter TX of the wireless communication device 10. From FIG. 4, the transmission power level that was the off-power level in the initial transmitter off section becomes the on-power level in the transmitter on section through the transmitter transition section, and becomes the off-power level in the transmitter off section through the transmitter transition section again.
- the time interval described as UL transmission indicates that it is the time interval of UL communication.
- the time interval described as DL transmission indicates that it is a time interval of DL communication.
- the time interval described as GP or UL transmission indicates that it is a time interval of GP or UL communication.
- the wireless communication device 10 executes DL calibration or UL calibration in the GP time section (transmitter transition section) of the special subframe. This time interval is included within the uplink-downlink frame timing interval.
- (a) the time interval in which the transmitter TX transitions from the OFF state to the ON state and (b) the time interval in which the transmitter TX transitions from the ON state to the OFF state are, for example, 10 ⁇ s.
- the wireless communication device 10 can perform the above-mentioned DL calibration or UL calibration in at least one of the sections (a) and (b). That is, in this example, the output time of the DL / UL-CAL signal may be 10 ⁇ s or less.
- the main purpose of calibration is to unify the frequency characteristics of amplitude and phase in the linear region between 32 TRXs. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the power of the DL / UL-CAL signal to a level where the required SNR (Signal-to-Noise Ratio) can be secured at the maximum rating or less so that the DL / UL-CAL signal does not undergo non-linear deterioration. is important. In this way, the DL-CAL weight is periodically calculated in the time interval of the GP and stored inside the BF-BB unit 20.
- FIG. 5 illustrates the frequency arrangement of the DL-CAL signal for each transmitter TX # n.
- the subcarriers used for transmitting the DL-CAL signal are arranged at intervals of X [MHz]. Then, in the adjacent transmitters TX # n, the frequency arrangement of the DL-CAL signal is shifted by Y [MHz] in the frequency direction. Note that fs0 [MHz] is a reference frequency.
- Frequency allocation condition A1 X [MHz]> Y [MHz] ⁇ (number of transmitter TX # n-1) is established.
- Frequency allocation condition A2: Within the range of the signal bandwidth, from the frequency "sc0 fs0 [MHz]" of the lowermost subcarrier sc0 of the DL-CAL signal for the transmitter TX # 1, the DL-CAL signal for the transmitter TX # 31.
- the frequency "sck fsc0 + 31Y + kX [MHz]" of the uppermost subcarrier sck is included.
- FIG. 6A shows an example of arrangement of antennas 34 # 0 to # 31 in the related technique.
- the antenna 34 has eight antennas arranged side by side in four rows, and the antennas 34 in the same row in FIG. 6A output the same radio signal.
- the four antennas belonging to each of (a1), (a2), (b1), (b2), (c1), (c2), (d1), and (d2) in FIG. 6A have the same radio signal. Output. Therefore, the radio field strengths of the four antennas in these rows are substantially the same.
- Antennas 34 # 0 to # 31 can, for example, transmit a radio signal by fan beamforming and transmit a radio signal by data beamforming.
- the transmission of a wireless signal by fan beamforming means transmitting a wireless signal having a substantially constant intensity in a range of a predetermined angle in the horizontal direction from the front surface and the front surface of the wireless communication device 10. , For example, used for broadcast data transmission.
- a wireless signal having a high intensity is transmitted in the front of the wireless communication device 10 or in a certain angle direction in the horizontal direction, while a null is formed in another UE direction. It means transmitting a low-strength radio signal. This method of transmitting a radio signal is used for data communication to a specific UE.
- the antennas 34 # 0 to # 31 transmit radio signals by fan beamforming, for example, (a1) and (a2) output the maximum rated radio signal, and (b1) and (b2), (c1). ) And (c2), (d1) and (d2), in that order, the radio signal with the highest radio field strength is output. That is, the intensity of the output radio signal decreases from the central portion of the antenna shown in FIG. 6A to the outside.
- the BF-BB unit 20 outputs a maximum of -14 dBFS (average) input signal to the transmission amplifier 52 corresponding to (a1) and (a2), and transmits corresponding to (b1) and (b2). A maximum of ⁇ 24 dBFS (average) input signal is output to the amplifier 52.
- the phases of the input signals of the transmission amplifier 52 corresponding to (a1), (a2) and (c1), (c2) are the same, and correspond to (b1), (b2), (d1), and (d2).
- the phase of the input signal of the transmission amplifier 52 is the inverted phase of the transmission amplifier 52 corresponding to (a1), (a2) and (c1), (c2).
- FIG. 6B is a graph showing an example of AM-AM input / output characteristics of the transmission amplifier 52 corresponding to the antenna 34 of FIGS. 6A (a1), (a2), (b1), and (b2).
- the horizontal axis of FIG. 6B is the amplitude of the input signal
- the vertical axis of FIG. 6B is the amplitude of the output signal.
- the input / output characteristics of the transmission amplifier 52 corresponding to (a1) and (a2) are represented by (a) in FIG. 6B
- the input / output characteristics of the transmission amplifier 52 corresponding to (b1) and (b2) are shown in FIG. 6B. It is represented by (b) of.
- the ideal input / output characteristic of the transmission amplifier 52 is linear and is represented by (e) in FIG.
- the input / output characteristics (a) and (b) of the transmission amplifier 52 are not compensated by each DPD processing unit 42.
- the AM-AM characteristics and AM-PM characteristics of the transmission amplifier 52 have a memory effect (AM-AM characteristics and AM-PM characteristics change according to the input / output level that has passed through the transmission amplifier in the past time zone, and are temporal. (Phenomenon that is retained for a certain period of time) occurs.
- a ⁇ 37 dBFS (average) signal is input to the transmission amplifier 52 as a DL-CAL signal as an input signal
- the points indicating the corresponding output signals in the input / output characteristics (a) and (b) are (c).
- the input / output characteristics (a) and (b) have non-linearity deviating from the ideal input / output characteristics.
- the input / output characteristics (a) have a larger non-linearity than the input / output characteristics (b). Then, a DL-CAL signal having a small amplitude (intensity) is input to each transmission amplifier 52.
- phase difference between the input signal and the output signal of the transmission amplifier 52 is also an ideal input / output characteristic (characteristic that the phase difference becomes 0) as well as the AM-AM input / output characteristic.
- This difference increases in the order of (a1) and (a2), (b1) and (b2), (c1) and (c2), (d1) and (d2).
- the distortion based on the non-linearity shown above is originally eliminated by changing the input signal to the transmission amplifier 52.
- the transmission amplifier 52 is a Doherty amplifier (for example, a gallium nitride amplifier)
- a memory effect may occur in the AM-AM input / output characteristics and the AM-PM input / output characteristics.
- the transmission amplifier 52 outputs an output signal based on the input / output characteristics of the input signal before the change for a while due to the memory effect generated in itself.
- the wireless communication device 10 transmits a wireless signal by fan beamforming, performs DL calibration, and then transmits a wireless signal by data beamforming
- the following problems arise.
- the output of the transmission amplifier 52 varies in intensity from the maximum rated output to the low signal intensity output.
- the distortion due to the non-linearity of each transmission amplifier 52 at this stage is compensated by the corresponding DPD processing unit 42.
- the DL-CAL signal output by the BF-BB unit 20 is different from the case of fan beamforming.
- the output level is almost the same between the transmitters.
- the characteristics of AM-AM and AM-PM determined by the input / output characteristics at the time of fan beamforming are output from each transmitter DL-CAL. It will affect the signal.
- a signal with an average level of -37 dBFS as a DL-CAL signal.
- 0 dBFS corresponds to the Full Scale: maximum output level of the transmission DAC (Digital Analog Converter).
- the points indicating the corresponding output signals for the input / output characteristics (a) and (b) in FIG. 6B are (c). ) And (d), and a difference in gain occurs as compared with the ideal input / output characteristics.
- the wireless communication device 10 learns the frequency characteristics of the amplitude and phase of each transmitter in the linear region without non-linearity, and unifies the difference of each frequency characteristic. It is premised that it is corrected. Therefore, since the DPD processing unit 42 is turned off, the distortion due to the non-linearity of each transmission amplifier 52 is not compensated by the corresponding DPD processing unit 42. Therefore, during the DL calibration operation, the DL-CAL weight is set so as to compensate for the difference in amplitude and phase between the transmitters caused by this memory effect.
- each transmission amplifier 52 becomes the maximum rating for transmitting data with the UE. That is, the radio signal output by the BF-BB unit 20 has substantially the same amplitude for each signal channel. Further, since each DPD processing unit 42 is turned on when the radio signal by data beamforming is transmitted, each DPD processing unit 42 tries to compensate for the distortion due to the non-linearity of the corresponding transmission amplifier 52.
- the DL-CAL weight that reflects the history of fanbeamforming. Therefore, the output signal in each transmission amplifier 52 should have substantially the same amplitude, but the unnecessary DL-CAL wait causes the amplitude to be different for each transmission amplifier 52. In addition, a phase difference that should not originally exist also occurs for each transmission amplifier 52. In this way, overcompensation or undercompensation occurs in the amplitude and phase of the radio signal due to data beamforming. This phenomenon will continue until the DL-CAL weight is updated.
- FIG. 7A is a graph showing an example of the phase difference of each signal channel.
- the horizontal axis of the graph in FIG. 7A indicates the number of the transmission amplifier 52, and the vertical axis of the graph is from the transmission amplifiers 52 # 3, # 4, # 11, and # 12 (corresponding to (a1) and (a2) in FIG. 6).
- the amount of phase difference of is shown.
- FIG. 7A shows output by each transmission amplifier 52 when transmitting a radio signal in the configuration of the antenna 34 shown in FIG. 6A in a state where unnecessary DL-CAL weight correction is performed by the above processing.
- the amount of phase shift between radio signals of data beamforming is shown.
- FIG. 7A shows the phase difference amount of the transmission amplifiers 52 # 0 to # 15, the phase difference amount of the transmission amplifiers 52 # 16 to # 31 (transmission amplifiers 52 # 19, # 20, # 27, The same graph as in FIG. 7A is obtained for (the amount of phase difference from # 28).
- phase difference between the transmitters is up to 11.6 degrees p in (1).
- -P phase-phase
- (2) shows a case where the maximum is 23.1 degrees pp
- (3) shows a case where the maximum is 34.6 degrees pp.
- the effect of this phase difference during data beamforming was verified by the following calculation.
- the phase difference amount of the transmission amplifier 52 corresponding to the antennas 34 of (d1) and (d2) is the maximum, and the transmission amplifier corresponding to (c1) and (c2).
- the amount of phase difference decreases as the transmission amplifier 52 corresponds to 52, (b1) and (b2).
- FIG. 7B is a graph showing an example of the angle spectrum of the horizontal radiation pattern at the time of radio signal output related to data beamforming.
- the horizontal axis of the graph in FIG. 7B indicates the horizontal (left-right direction) angle from the front of the wireless communication device 10, and the vertical axis of the graph is normal when the output signal from the front of the wireless communication device 10 is used as a reference. Indicates the converted radiation power level.
- (1) to (3) of FIG. 7B are graphs showing the angle spectrum when there is a phase difference of (1) to (3) of FIG. 7A, and (0) of FIG. 7B is an unnecessary DL-. Shows the original angular spectrum without CAL weights.
- the depth of the null point (first null depth) that exists closest to the front of the wireless communication device 10 is 46 dB in (0), but 27 dB in (1).
- (2) is 21 dB
- (3) is 17 dB. That is, the larger the phase difference, the shallower the null depth. That is, the DLSINR in each UE direction at the time of transmitting the spatial multiplex signal is deteriorated by this shallow null (meaning an interfering wave in beamforming to another UE).
- the null depth determines the MU-MIMO performance of the wireless communication device 10. Therefore, the cell throughput when the wireless communication device 10 functions as a base station does not improve, and the communication quality deteriorates.
- the memory effect deteriorates the accuracy of calibration so that the SINR deterioration of the signal to each terminal at the time of spatial multiplex signal transmission does not occur.
- a configuration capable of suppressing SINR deterioration is shown.
- the wireless communication device transmits a wireless signal by fan beamforming, performs DL calibration, and then transmits a wireless signal by data beamforming, according to the present disclosure, the wireless by data beamforming is performed. Deterioration of communication quality can be suppressed.
- FIG. 8 is a block diagram showing a signal processing device according to the first embodiment.
- the signal processing device 100 is a device that processes an electric signal and can be applied to, for example, a wireless communication device of a communication system, but the application target is not limited thereto.
- the signal processing device 100 includes distortion compensation units 101 # 1 to # n, amplifiers 102 # 1 to # n, calculation units 103, and control units 104.
- n is an arbitrary number of 2 or more
- the distortion compensation units 101 # 1 to # n are collectively referred to as the distortion compensation unit 101
- the amplifiers 102 # 1 to # n are collectively referred to as the amplifier 102. Describe.
- the distortion compensation units 101 # 1 to # n perform distortion compensation processing for compensating the non-linear distortion for each of the input signals IN # 1 to # n, and the signals to which the distortion compensation processing is performed are subjected to the corresponding amplifiers 102 # 1 to # 1. Output to #n.
- This distortion compensation processing suppresses the non-linear distortion of the signal output by the amplifier 102.
- the strain compensation unit 101 can switch between an on state in which the strain compensation process is executed and an off state in which the input signal is output as it is as an output signal without executing the strain compensation process, under the control of the control unit 104.
- the strain compensation unit 101 executes, for example, a DPD compensation process as the strain compensation process.
- the DPD compensation coefficients related to the amplitude and the phase are stored inside the distortion compensation unit 101.
- the DPD compensation coefficient is a weight for compensating for the non-linear AM / PM component of the amplifier 102, and the distortion compensation unit 101 selects an appropriate DPD compensation coefficient with respect to amplitude and phase based on the characteristics of the input signal IN.
- the distortion compensation unit 101 executes DPD compensation processing on the input signal IN using the selected DPD compensation coefficient.
- the distortion compensation unit 101 stores a LUT (look-up table) in which the amplitude or (I, Q) value of the input signal IN and the DPD compensation coefficient corresponding to the value are associated with each other.
- the distortion compensation unit 101 determines the value of the input signal IN, refers to the LUT based on the value, selects an appropriate DPD compensation coefficient, and executes the DPD compensation process.
- the distortion compensation unit 101 appropriately updates the DPD compensation coefficient with respect to the amplitude and the phase.
- the amplifier 102 # 1 is an amplifier that amplifies the signal output from the distortion compensation unit 101 # 1 and outputs it as an output signal OUT # 1.
- the amplifiers 102 # 2, ..., # N amplify the signals output from the distortion compensation units 101 # 2 ..., # N, respectively, and the output signals OUT # 2 ..., # n. Is output as. Any kind of amplifier can be used as the amplifier 102.
- the calculation unit 103 calculates at least one of the phase, amplitude, and intensity comparison results of the input signal IN and the output signal OUT corresponding to the input signal IN for each signal channel # 1 to # n. This process is performed at least during the calibration operation of the signal processing apparatus 100 in which the calibration signal is used as a plurality of input signals IN # 1 to # n and is input to the amplifiers 102 # 1 to # n.
- the calibration operation may be, for example, a DL calibration operation or a UL calibration operation in the wireless communication device described in the above-mentioned related technique, but is not limited thereto.
- the calibration signal is a signal having substantially the same level for the input signals IN # 1 to # n.
- the calculation unit 103 calculates, for example, at least one of the phase difference, the amplitude ratio, and the intensity ratio between the input signal IN and the output signal OUT corresponding to the input signal IN for each signal channel # 1 to # n. be able to. As an example, the calculation unit 103 calculates the phase difference by subtracting the corresponding output signal from the input signal. Further, the calculation unit 103 calculates the amplitude ratio by dividing the input signal by the corresponding output signal. Further, the calculation unit 103 calculates the intensity ratio by dividing the square of the input signal by the square of the corresponding output signal.
- phase difference amplitude ratio and intensity ratio
- the phase difference is considered to be the most sensitive to the deterioration of DLSINR during data beamforming, but the amplitude ratio and intensity are considered to be the most sensitive.
- the ratio can also be used as a determination factor.
- Such a comparison result is calculated in order to determine whether or not there is a memory effect in the strain compensating units 101 # 1 to # n.
- the control unit 104 controls the on / off of the strain compensation units 101 # 1 to # n during the calibration operation based on the comparison result calculated by the calculation unit 103, so that the strain compensation unit 101 performs the strain compensation process. Controls whether or not to execute.
- the calibration signal is a signal having substantially the same level for the input signals IN # 1 to # n.
- the input / output levels of the input signals # 1 to # n when going back to the past from the calibration signal section are different from each other.
- the AM-AM and AM-PM characteristics different for each signal channel are maintained.
- the calibration signal passes through each amplifier 102 having different AM-AM and AM-PM characteristics, so that a difference in amplitude or phase frequency characteristics occurs between the signal channels. Will end up. For example, when each amplifier is connected to a transmitter, there is a difference in amplitude or phase frequency characteristics between the transmitters.
- FIG. 9A is a flowchart showing a process executed by the signal processing device 100 when a normal input signal other than a calibration signal is input to each amplifier 102.
- the distortion compensation units 101 # 1 to #n perform distortion compensation processing on a plurality of input signals IN # 1 to # n, and output the distorted compensation processing signals to the corresponding amplifier 102 (step).
- the amplifiers 102 # 1 to # n amplify the signals output from the distortion compensation units 101 # 1 to # n, respectively, and output them as output signals OUT # 1 to # n (step S12).
- the above-mentioned normal input signal is, for example, a signal (communication signal) related to wireless transmission or reception in a wireless communication device.
- the SINR of the communication signal can be improved by performing the distortion compensation processing.
- FIG. 9B is a flowchart showing a process executed by the signal processing device 100 when the calibration signal is input to each amplifier 102 as input signals IN # 1 to #n. Since the signal processing device 100 does not execute normal processing based on the normal input signal, the distortion compensating units 101 # 1 to # n are turned off in the initial state of the flow shown in FIG. 9B. There is.
- the calibration signal is input to the amplifiers 102 # 1 to # n as input signals IN # 1 to # n.
- Each of the amplifiers 102 # 1 to # n amplifies and outputs the calibration signal (step S13).
- the calculation unit 103 calculates the phase difference between the input signals IN # 1 to # n and the output signals OUT # 1 to # n corresponding to the input signals IN # 1 to # n, respectively (step S14). ..
- the calculation unit 103 may calculate other types of phase, amplitude, and intensity comparison results.
- the control unit 104 controls the on / off of the distortion compensation units 101 # 1 to # n based on the phase difference comparison result calculated by the calculation unit 103, thereby performing distortion compensation processing on the calibration signal of each signal channel. (Step S15).
- the control unit 104 of the signal processing device 100 controls whether or not the distortion compensation unit 101 is made to execute the distortion compensation processing based on the comparison result calculated by the calculation unit 103. Therefore, the control unit 104 can accurately determine that the memory effect remains in the amplifier 102, and cause the strain compensation unit 101 to execute the distortion compensation process. Therefore, the signal processing apparatus 100 can learn about the difference in the frequency characteristics of the amplitude or the phase between each signal channel by using the calibration signal. As a result, the difference in frequency characteristics is corrected, so that accurate calibration becomes possible.
- the calculation unit 103 has input signal IN # 1-output signal OUT # 1, input signal IN # 2-output signal OUT # 2, ..., Input signal IN # n-output signal OUT # n.
- the control unit 104 may determine whether or not a predetermined condition in which there is a difference between the phase differences that is equal to or greater than a preset first threshold value is satisfied. Further, when the calculation unit 103 calculates the amplitude ratio, the control unit 104 determines whether or not a predetermined condition in which there is a difference between the amplitude ratios that is equal to or higher than the second threshold value set in advance is satisfied. Is also good. Further, when the calculation unit 103 calculates the intensity ratio, the control unit 104 determines whether or not a predetermined condition in which there is a difference between the intensity ratios that is equal to or higher than a preset third threshold value is satisfied. Is also good.
- the calculation unit 103 may calculate a plurality of n phase differences, n amplitude ratios, and n intensity ratios. For example, when the calculation unit 103 calculates the phase difference and the amplitude ratio, the control unit 104 at least one of the difference between the phase differences that are equal to or greater than the first threshold value and the difference between the amplitude ratios that are equal to or greater than the second threshold value. It may be determined whether or not a predetermined condition in which is present is satisfied. Even if the calculation unit 103 calculates the phase difference and the intensity ratio, the calculation unit 103 calculates the amplitude ratio and the intensity ratio, or the calculation unit 103 calculates the phase difference, the amplitude ratio and the intensity ratio. Similar decisions can be made. That is, the control unit 104 determines whether or not there is a difference that is equal to or greater than a predetermined threshold value in at least any one of the difference between the phase differences, the difference between the amplitude ratios, and the difference between the intensity ratios.
- the control unit 104 controls the calibration signal so that the distortion compensation units 101 # 1 to # n are turned on to execute the distortion compensation process.
- the control unit 104 treats the amplitude or phase fluctuation caused by the memory effect as a correction target for the calibration signal. It is controlled so that the input signal is not over-compensated.
- the control unit 104 corrects the non-linearity of the amplifier 102 in the distortion compensation unit 101 in a short period of time when learning the frequency characteristic of the calibration signal. As a result, the control unit 104 can accurately determine the amplitude and phase errors between the signal channels, correct the errors, and make the output signal of the amplifier 102 uniform.
- control unit 104 can also turn off the strain compensation units 101 # 1 to # n when the above-mentioned predetermined conditions are not satisfied, and control the strain compensation unit 104 so as not to execute the strain compensation process.
- control unit 104 specifies the maximum phase difference and the minimum phase difference with respect to the calculated n phase differences, calculates the difference between the two, and determines the difference. It may be determined whether or not it becomes the first threshold value or more. In this way, the control unit 104 uses the maximum value and the minimum value of the calculated values for comparison, so that the control unit 104 does not need to perform comparison processing for all values, so that faster comparison processing can be performed. .. This process can be similarly executed for the amplitude ratio and the intensity ratio.
- the calibration signal does not have to be completely the same in each signal channel # 1 to # n in terms of phase or amplitude.
- the threshold value used for the determination by the control unit 104 is set to a value at which the memory effect of the amplifier 102 can be reliably detected after considering the difference in the original phase or amplitude of the calibration signal in each signal channel. Will be.
- the distortion compensation unit 101 is provided for each signal channel # 1 to # n. However, there may be a signal channel in which the amplifier 102 is provided but the distortion compensation unit 101 is not provided. Further, the distortion compensation unit 101 of one unit may perform distortion compensation processing on a plurality of signal channels, and output the signal to which the distortion compensation processing has been performed to a plurality of amplifiers 102. Even with such a circuit configuration, it is possible to connect a transmitter for wireless communication to the subsequent stage of each amplifier 102 to configure a circuit for wireless communication.
- the strain compensation unit 101 may execute distortion compensation by another method instead of DPD compensation.
- distortion compensation OpenLoop compensation
- the maximum likelihood compensation used for strain compensation is applied to the strain compensation unit 101 by applying AI (Artificial Intelligence) / deep learning technology to learn and store a large amount of nonlinear strain compensation results in the strain compensation unit. The coefficient may be determined.
- AI Artificial Intelligence
- Embodiment 2 Hereinafter, Embodiment 2 of the present disclosure will be described with reference to the drawings.
- the signal processing shown in the first embodiment will be described with reference to detailed specific examples.
- FIG. 10 is a block diagram showing a wireless communication device 200 according to the second embodiment.
- the wireless communication device 200 is a specific application example of the signal processing device 100.
- the wireless communication device 200 is a modification of a part of the wireless communication device 10 according to the above-mentioned related technique.
- the portion having the same reference numeral as that of the wireless communication device 10 has the same configuration as the corresponding portion in the wireless communication device 10, and performs the same processing. Therefore, description thereof will be omitted as appropriate.
- the wireless communication device 200 includes a BF-BB unit 20 and an AAS unit 30.
- the AAS unit 30 includes an optical transceiver 31, a TRX-BB unit 60, a front end unit 61, 32 antennas 34, a distribution synthesizer 35, SW36, a CAL-TRX37, and a BB control unit 62.
- the TRX-BB unit 60 functions as a transceiver baseband unit and includes 32 BB units 70 # 0 to # 31.
- the BB units 70 # 0 to # 31 are collectively referred to as the BB unit 70.
- FIG. 11 is a block diagram of the BB unit 70.
- the BB unit 40 includes a CFR processing unit 41, a DPD processing unit 71, a DPD control unit 72, and an ORX 73.
- Each of the BB units 70 # 0 to # 31 has the same configuration as that shown in FIG.
- the DPD processing unit 71 is a unit corresponding to the strain compensation unit 101 described in the first embodiment, and in addition to the processing executed by the DPD processing unit 42 related to the related technique, the following processing is executed.
- the DPD processing unit 71 may switch between an on state in which the DPD compensation process is executed and an off state in which the input signal is output as it is without executing the DPD compensation process by the control signal DPD_SW output by the DPD control unit 72. can.
- the DPD compensation coefficient is stored inside the DPD processing unit 71, and the DPD processing unit 71 selects an appropriate DPD compensation coefficient based on the characteristics of the input signal and performs DPD compensation processing on the input signal. Run.
- the DPD compensation coefficient is a weight for compensating for the non-linear AM / PM component of the transmission amplifier 52, and the DPD processing unit 71 selects an appropriate DPD compensation coefficient with respect to amplitude and phase based on the characteristics of the input signal IN. Then, the DPD compensation process is executed for the input signal IN.
- the details of the DPD compensation coefficient are as described in the first embodiment.
- the DPD control unit 72 is a unit corresponding to the calculation unit 103 described in the first embodiment, and the input signal IN and the output signal FB output by the CFR processing unit 41 are input to the DPD control unit 72.
- the output signal FB is a signal to which the output signal output by the transmission amplifier 52 on the same channel as the BB unit 70 is fed back.
- the DPD control unit 72 calculates the phase difference and the amplitude ratio between the input signal IN and the output signal FB.
- the DPD control unit 72 outputs the calculated phase difference and amplitude ratio data to the BB control unit 62.
- the DPD control unit 72 receives the control signal CTRL from the BB control unit 62, and outputs a control signal DPD_SW for switching on / off of the DPD processing unit 71 based on the control signal CTRL.
- the ORX 73 is a receiver, and transfers the output signal FB output from the directional coupler 53 described later to the DPD control unit 72.
- FIG. 12 is a block diagram of the FE unit 80.
- the FE unit 50 includes a TRX 51, a transmission amplifier 52, a directional coupler 81, a SW 54, and a reception amplifier 55.
- Each of the FE units 80 # 0 to # 31 has the same configuration as that shown in FIG.
- the directional coupler 81 has the following functions in addition to the functions of the directional coupler 53 related to the related art.
- the directional coupler 81 outputs the RF signal output by the transmission amplifier 52 as an output signal FB to the DPD control unit 72 via the ORX 73.
- the BB control unit 62 is a unit corresponding to the control unit 104 according to the first embodiment, and receives the phase difference and amplitude ratio data output by the DPD control unit 72 of each signal channel. Then, the BB control unit 62 specifies the maximum phase difference and the minimum phase difference with respect to the calculated 32 phase differences, calculates the difference between the two, and the difference is the first threshold value. Determine if the above is true. Further, the BB control unit 62 specifies the maximum amplitude ratio and the minimum amplitude ratio with respect to the calculated 32 amplitude ratios, calculates the difference between the two, and the difference is the second threshold value. Determine if the above is true.
- the BB control unit 62 receives when the difference between the maximum phase difference and the minimum phase difference is equal to or greater than the first threshold value, or the difference between the maximum amplitude ratio and the minimum amplitude ratio is equal to or greater than the second threshold value.
- the control signals CTRL # 0 to # 31 for turning on the DPD processing unit 71 are output to each DPD control unit 72.
- FIG. 13A is a flowchart showing signal processing executed by the wireless communication device 200. Hereinafter, the signal processing to be performed will be described.
- the wireless communication device 200 transmits a wireless signal by fan beamforming (step S21). Specifically, as described in the Related Techniques, the BF-BB section 20 generates a BF signal using the DL-CAL weight previously generated and stored in the BF-BB section 20, which is then AAS. Output to unit 30.
- the wireless communication device 200 performs DL calibration (step S22). The details of this process will be described later.
- the BF-BB unit 20 can update the DL-CAL weight in step S22.
- the wireless communication device 200 transmits a wireless signal by data beamforming (step S23).
- the wireless communication device 200 can perform wireless communication by data beamforming in which the null point is set with high accuracy.
- each DPD processing unit 71 is set to the ON state by the control of the BB control unit 62.
- Other details of the signal processing in steps S21 and S23 are as described in the Related Techniques.
- FIG. 13B is a flowchart showing the details of the signal processing executed in step S22. The details of the process will be described below.
- the TRX-BB unit 60 outputs a DL-CAL signal to the front end unit 61 (step S31).
- the DL-CAL signal is amplified and output by the transmission amplifier 52 of the FE unit 80 of each transmitter.
- the directional coupler 81 outputs the output signal FB of the transmission amplifier 52 to the DPD control unit 72 via the ORX 73.
- each DPD processing unit 71 is set to the off state.
- the DPD control unit 72 of each transmitter calculates the phase difference and the amplitude ratio between the output signal FB and the input signal IN which is the DL-CAL signal output from the CFR processing unit 41 (step S32).
- the DPD control unit 72 outputs the calculated phase difference and amplitude ratio data to the BB control unit 62.
- the BB control unit 62 specifies the maximum phase difference and the minimum phase difference with respect to the calculated phase difference of each transmitter (32 pieces), and calculates the difference between the two. Further, the BB control unit 62 specifies the maximum amplitude ratio and the minimum amplitude ratio with respect to the calculated amplitude ratio of each transmitter, and calculates the difference between the two (step S33).
- the BB control unit 62 determines whether or not the difference between the maximum phase difference and the minimum phase difference is less than the first threshold value and the difference between the maximum amplitude ratio and the minimum amplitude ratio is less than the second threshold value (. Step S34).
- the radio signal by fan beamforming is a signal having different amplitude and phase in each transmitter.
- the wireless communication device 200 outputs this wireless signal, the characteristics of AM-AM and AM-PM differ due to the non-linear memory effect in the transmission amplifier between the transmitters.
- the DL-CAL signal it is important to prevent the DL-CAL signal from being over-compensated or under-compensated due to the difference in the characteristics of AM-AM and AM-PM. Therefore, if the transmitting amplifier 52 does not have a significant memory effect, the characteristics of AM-AM and AM-PM between each transmitter will be the same level of DL-CAL signal even after the radio signal by fan beamforming is output. It is uniquely determined depending on the level.
- step S34 the BB control unit 62 determines the presence or absence of such a significant memory effect.
- the BB control unit. 62 does not output the control signals CTRL # 0 to # 31, and controls each DPD processing unit 71 to remain off (step S35).
- the BB control unit 62 either the difference between the maximum phase difference and the minimum phase difference is equal to or greater than the first threshold value, or the difference between the maximum amplitude ratio and the minimum amplitude ratio is equal to or greater than the second threshold value. In this case (No in step S34), the following processing is performed.
- the BB control unit 62 outputs control signals CTRL # 0 to # 31 for turning on the DPD processing unit 71 to each DPD control unit 72 (step S36).
- the wireless communication device 200 sets the DL-CAL weight by the DL calibration operation shown in the related technique after setting the DPD processing unit 71 on or off as described above. At this time, even if a significant memory effect is generated in the transmission amplifier 52, the memory effect is compensated by the DPD processing unit 71, so that the null point in the wireless communication in the next data beamforming should be set accurately. Can be done.
- the transmit amplifier 52 does not have a significant memory effect, even if the CAL weight is set without executing the DPD compensation process in the DL calibration operation, the null point in the wireless communication in the next data beamforming will be It is considered that the accuracy is sufficiently guaranteed.
- the update cycle of the DPD compensation coefficient in the DPD processing unit 71 is not synchronized with or is not the same as the update cycle of DL-CAL. Therefore, when the DPD processing unit 71 is turned on, the DL-CAL signal is DPD-compensated with the DPD compensation coefficient determined at the time of radio signal transmission by fan beamforming, and the amplitude and phase of the output DL-CAL signal are obtained. May change.
- the CAL weight calculated when the DPD compensation is turned on may be less accurate than the CAL weight calculated when the DPD processing unit 71 is turned off. There is. Therefore, in this case, the wireless communication device 200 turns off the DPD processing unit 71.
- the DPD compensation process that compensates for the non-linearity of the amplifier by switching the DPD compensation process on and off during the calibration operation, and the MU-MIMO performance (MIMO spatial multiplexing performance). It is possible to autonomously achieve both the calibration operation that determines the above.
- the calibration operation is performed after the signal for wireless transmission by fan beamforming is output, and then the signal for wireless transmission by beamforming is output. Therefore, the wireless communication device 10 can improve the signal quality in beamforming.
- a Doherty amplifier is an amplifier for high frequency, and as an example, a GaN (gallium nitride) doherty amplifier is used because it can output a large amount of power, and is capable of high efficiency and low power consumption.
- a GaN Doherty amplifier is effective in reducing power consumption, but as described above, a memory effect may occur in the AM-AM input / output characteristics and the AM-PM input / output characteristics.
- the inconvenience caused by this memory effect can be eliminated.
- the quality of wireless communication can be further improved by making it possible to achieve both DPD compensation processing and calibration operation at the same time.
- the number of transmitters in the second embodiment is not limited to 32.
- another wide-angle radiation radio signal for example, one intended for omnidirectional radio signal radiation
- the wireless communication method to which the technique of the present disclosure is applicable is not limited to the related technique and the method described in the second embodiment.
- this disclosure is described as a hardware configuration, but this disclosure is not limited to this.
- This disclosure can also be realized by causing a processor in the computer to execute a computer program in the processing (step) of the apparatus described in the above-described embodiment.
- FIG. 14 is a block diagram showing a hardware configuration example of an information processing device (signal processing device) in which the processing of each embodiment shown above is executed.
- the information processing apparatus 90 includes a signal processing circuit 91, a processor 92, and a memory 93.
- the signal processing circuit 91 is a circuit for processing a signal according to the control of the processor 92.
- the signal processing circuit 91 may include a communication circuit that receives a signal from the transmitting device.
- the processor 92 reads software (computer program) from the memory 93 and executes it to process the device described in the above-described embodiment.
- software computer program
- the processor 92 one of CPU (Central Processing Unit), MPU (Micro Processing Unit), FPGA (Field-Programmable Gate Array), DSP (Demand-Side Platform), and ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit) is used. Alternatively, a plurality of them may be used in parallel.
- the memory 93 is composed of a combination of a volatile memory and a non-volatile memory.
- the memory 93 may include storage located away from the processor 92.
- the processor 92 may access the memory 93 via an I / O (Input / Output) interface (not shown).
- the memory 93 is used to store the software module group.
- the processor 92 can perform the processing described in the above-described embodiment by reading these software modules and executing them from the memory 93.
- processors included in each of the above embodiments execute one or more programs including instructions for causing the computer to perform the algorithm described with reference to the drawings. .. By this processing, the signal processing method described in each embodiment can be realized.
- Non-temporary computer-readable media include various types of tangible storage media. Examples of non-temporary computer-readable media include magnetic recording media (eg flexible disks, magnetic tapes, hard disk drives), optomagnetic recording media (eg optomagnetic disks), CD-ROMs (ReadOnlyMemory), CD-Rs, Includes CD-R / W, semiconductor memory (eg, mask ROM, PROM (Programmable ROM), EPROM (Erasable PROM), flash ROM, RAM (RandomAccessMemory)).
- the program may also be supplied to the computer by various types of temporary computer readable media. Examples of temporary computer readable media include electrical, optical, and electromagnetic waves.
- the temporary computer-readable medium can supply the program to the computer via a wired communication path such as an electric wire and an optical fiber, or a wireless communication path.
- Wireless communication device 20 BF-BB section 30 AAS section 31 Optical transceiver 32 TRX-BB section 33 Front end section 34 Antenna 35 Distributor synthesizer 36 SW 37 CAL-TRX 40 BB unit 41 CFR processing unit 42 DPD processing unit 50 FE unit 51 TRX 52 Transmit amplifier 53 Directional coupler 54 SW 55 Receiving amplifier 60 TRX-BB unit 61 Front end unit 62 BB control unit 70 BB unit 71 DPD processing unit 72 DPD control unit 73 ORX 80 FE unit 81 Directional coupler 100 Signal processing device 101 Distortion compensation unit 102 Amplifier 103 Calculation unit 104 Control unit 200 Wireless communication device
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Abstract
Description
まず、DLキャリブレーション動作について説明する。まず、TRX-BB部32は、予め設定されたDL-CAL信号(IQ信号)をフロントエンド部33に出力する。フロントエンド部33内の各TRX51(の送信機TX)は、DL-CAL信号(IQ信号)をDL-CAL信号(RF信号)に変換する。各TRX51で変換されたDL-CAL信号(RF信号)は、送信アンプ52及びSW54を介して、分配合成器35に出力され、分配合成器35で合成される。分配合成器35で合成されたDL-CAL信号は、SW36を介してCAL-TRX37に入力される。なお、AAS部30は、信号チャネル毎にタイミングを分けてDL-CAL信号を出力しても良い。
次に、ULキャリブレーション動作について説明する。TRX-BB部32は、予め設定されたUL-CAL信号(IQ信号)を、直接CAL-TRX37に出力する。CAL-TRX37は、UL-CAL信号(IQ信号)をUL-CAL信号(RF信号)に変換する。CAL-TRX37で変換されたUL-CAL信号(RF信号)は、SW36を介して、分配合成器35に出力され、分配合成器35で分配される。分配合成器35で分配されたUL-CAL信号は、各SW54及び受信アンプ55を介して、各TRX51に出力される。各TRX51は、UL-CAL信号(RF信号)をUL-CAL信号(IQ信号)に変換して、TRX-BB部32に出力する。
次に、DL及びULキャリブレーション実行タイミングについて説明する。上述のとおり、無線通信装置10は、TDDモード(TDD通信方式)に対応する無線通信装置である。TDDモードは、上下リンク(UL/DL)で同一周波数を用いて、時間的にDL通信及びUL通信を切り替えて送受信を行う通信方式である。DL通信にはDLサブフレームが伝送され、UL通信にはULサブフレームが伝送される。また、DL通信からUL通信に切り替わるタイミングでは、スペシャルサブフレームが伝送される。スペシャルサブフレームは、DwPTS(Downlink Pilot Time Slot)、UpPTS(Uplink Pilot Time Slot)及びGP(Guard Period)により構成されるサブフレームである。DwPTSはDL通信のためにリザーブされるフィールドであり、UpPTSはUL通信のためにリザーブされるフィールドであり、GPはDL通信及びUL通信が行なわれないフィールドである。
図4は、DL及びULタイミングの各タイミングにおける送信機TXのパワーレベルを示す。図4の横軸は時間を示し、縦軸はパワーレベルを示す。図4の実線L1は無線通信装置10の送信機TXの送信パワーレベルの遷移を示している。図4からは、当初のトランスミッタオフ区間においてオフパワーレベルであった送信パワーレベルが、トランスミッタ遷移区間を経てトランスミッタオン区間においてオンパワーレベルとなり、再度のトランスミッタ遷移区間を経てトランスミッタオフ区間においてオフパワーレベルとなることが見て取れる。なお、図4において、ULトランスミッションと記載されている時間区間は、UL通信の時間区間であることを示す。また、DLトランスミッションと記載されている時間区間は、DL通信の時間区間であることを示している。また、GP又はULトランスミッションと記載されている時間区間は、GP又はUL通信の時間区間であることを示している。
さらに、各TRX#n毎に周波数直交させたDL-CAL信号の周波数配置の例について説明する。ここでは、図1に示した通り、32個のTRX#nが設けられている場合における、各送信機TX#n用のDL-CAL信号の周波数配置の例について説明する。
周波数配置条件A1:
X[MHz]>Y[MHz]×(送信機TX#nの数-1)が成立している。
周波数配置条件A2:
信号帯域幅の範囲内に、送信機TX#1用のDL-CAL信号の最下限のサブキャリアsc0の周波数“sc0=fs0[MHz]”から、送信機TX#31用のDL-CAL信号の最上限のサブキャリアsckの周波数“sck=fsc0+31Y+kX[MHz]”が入っている。
以下、図面を参照して本開示の実施の形態1について説明する。図8は、実施の形態1に係る信号処理装置を示すブロック図である。信号処理装置100は、電気信号を処理する装置であって、例えば通信システムの無線通信装置に対して適用できるが、適用対象はそれに限定されない。
以下、図面を参照して本開示の実施の形態2について説明する。実施の形態2では、実施の形態1で示した信号処理について、詳細な具体例を示して説明する。
20 BF-BB部
30 AAS部
31 光トランシーバ
32 TRX-BB部
33 フロントエンド部
34 アンテナ
35 分配合成器
36 SW
37 CAL-TRX
40 BBユニット
41 CFR処理部
42 DPD処理部
50 FEユニット
51 TRX
52 送信アンプ
53 方向性結合器
54 SW
55 受信アンプ
60 TRX-BB部
61 フロントエンド部
62 BB制御部
70 BBユニット
71 DPD処理部
72 DPD制御部
73 ORX
80 FEユニット
81 方向性結合器
100 信号処理装置
101 歪補償部
102 アンプ
103 算出部
104 制御部
200 無線通信装置
Claims (8)
- 複数の入力信号のうち、1以上の入力信号に対して非線形歪を補償する歪補償処理を行い、前記歪補償処理がなされた信号を出力する歪補償手段と、
前記歪補償手段が出力した信号を含む前記複数の入力信号を増幅し、出力信号として出力する複数の増幅器と、
キャリブレーション信号が前記複数の入力信号として用いられ、前記複数の増幅器に入力される自装置のキャリブレーション動作時に、前記入力信号と、前記入力信号に対応する前記出力信号とにおける位相、振幅及び強度の少なくともいずれかの比較結果を、前記入力信号毎に算出する算出手段と、
前記算出手段が算出した前記比較結果に基づいて、前記歪補償手段が前記キャリブレーション信号に対して前記歪補償処理を実行するか否かを制御する制御手段と、
を備える信号処理装置。 - 前記算出手段は、前記入力信号と前記出力信号との位相差、振幅比及び強度比の少なくともいずれかを、前記入力信号毎に算出し、
前記制御手段は、算出された前記位相差、振幅比及び強度比の少なくともいずれかについて、第1の閾値以上となる前記位相差同士の差分、第2の閾値以上となる前記振幅比同士の差分及び第3の閾値以上となる前記強度比同士の差分の少なくともいずれかが存在する所定の条件が成立すると判定した場合に、前記歪補償手段に対し、前記キャリブレーション信号に対して前記歪補償処理を実行させるように制御する、
請求項1に記載の信号処理装置。 - 前記制御手段は、前記所定の条件が成立しないと判定した場合に、前記歪補償手段に対し、前記キャリブレーション信号に対して前記歪補償処理を実行させないように制御する、
請求項2に記載の信号処理装置。 - 前記キャリブレーション動作前に、広角放射の無線送信用の信号が前記入力信号として前記複数の増幅器に入力され、前記キャリブレーション動作後に、データビームフォーミングによる無線送信用の信号が前記入力信号として前記複数の増幅器に入力される、
請求項1乃至3のいずれか1項に記載の信号処理装置。 - 前記複数の増幅器は、ドハティ増幅器である、
請求項1乃至4のいずれか1項に記載の信号処理装置。 - 前記信号処理装置は、前記複数の増幅器からの前記出力信号を無線送信する無線送信手段をさらに備えた無線通信装置である、
請求項1乃至5のいずれか1項に記載の信号処理装置。 - 複数の入力信号のうち、1以上の入力信号に対して非線形歪を補償する歪補償処理を行い、前記歪補償処理がなされた信号を出力し、
複数の増幅器が、前記歪補償処理がなされた信号を含む前記複数の入力信号を増幅して、出力信号として出力し、
キャリブレーション信号が前記複数の入力信号として用いられ、前記複数の増幅器に入力される自装置のキャリブレーション動作時に、前記入力信号と、前記入力信号に対応する前記出力信号とにおける位相、振幅及び強度の少なくともいずれかの比較結果を、前記入力信号毎に算出し、
算出された前記比較結果に基づいて、前記キャリブレーション信号に対して前記歪補償処理を実行させるか否かを制御する、
信号処理方法。 - 複数の入力信号のうち、1以上の入力信号に対して非線形歪を補償する歪補償処理を行い、前記歪補償処理がなされた信号を出力し、
複数の増幅器が、前記歪補償処理がなされた信号を含む前記複数の入力信号を増幅して、出力信号として出力し、
キャリブレーション信号が前記複数の入力信号として用いられ、前記複数の増幅器に入力される自装置のキャリブレーション動作時に、前記入力信号と、前記入力信号に対応する前記出力信号とにおける位相、振幅及び強度の少なくともいずれかの比較結果を、前記入力信号毎に算出し、
算出された前記比較結果に基づいて、前記キャリブレーション信号に対して前記歪補償処理を実行させるか否かを制御する、
ことをコンピュータに実行させるプログラムが格納された非一時的なコンピュータ可読媒体。
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