WO2022136468A1 - Catheter d'electroporation unipolaire et bipolaire - Google Patents
Catheter d'electroporation unipolaire et bipolaire Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022136468A1 WO2022136468A1 PCT/EP2021/087144 EP2021087144W WO2022136468A1 WO 2022136468 A1 WO2022136468 A1 WO 2022136468A1 EP 2021087144 W EP2021087144 W EP 2021087144W WO 2022136468 A1 WO2022136468 A1 WO 2022136468A1
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- medical device
- catheter
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- electrode
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
- A61B18/04—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating
- A61B18/12—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating by passing a current through the tissue to be heated, e.g. high-frequency current
- A61B18/14—Probes or electrodes therefor
- A61B18/1492—Probes or electrodes therefor having a flexible, catheter-like structure, e.g. for heart ablation
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
- A61B2018/00053—Mechanical features of the instrument of device
- A61B2018/00059—Material properties
- A61B2018/00071—Electrical conductivity
- A61B2018/00083—Electrical conductivity low, i.e. electrically insulating
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- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
- A61B2018/00053—Mechanical features of the instrument of device
- A61B2018/0016—Energy applicators arranged in a two- or three dimensional array
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61B2018/00053—Mechanical features of the instrument of device
- A61B2018/00214—Expandable means emitting energy, e.g. by elements carried thereon
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61B2018/00053—Mechanical features of the instrument of device
- A61B2018/00214—Expandable means emitting energy, e.g. by elements carried thereon
- A61B2018/00267—Expandable means emitting energy, e.g. by elements carried thereon having a basket shaped structure
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- A61B2018/00315—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body for treatment of particular body parts
- A61B2018/00345—Vascular system
- A61B2018/00351—Heart
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
- A61B2018/00315—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body for treatment of particular body parts
- A61B2018/00345—Vascular system
- A61B2018/00351—Heart
- A61B2018/00375—Ostium, e.g. ostium of pulmonary vein or artery
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- A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
- A61B2018/00571—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body for achieving a particular surgical effect
- A61B2018/00613—Irreversible electroporation
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- A61B2018/00773—Sensed parameters
- A61B2018/00779—Power or energy
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- A61B2018/00827—Current
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- A61B2018/00839—Bioelectrical parameters, e.g. ECG, EEG
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- A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
- A61B18/04—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating
- A61B18/12—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating by passing a current through the tissue to be heated, e.g. high-frequency current
- A61B18/1206—Generators therefor
- A61B2018/124—Generators therefor switching the output to different electrodes, e.g. sequentially
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
- A61B18/04—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating
- A61B18/12—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating by passing a current through the tissue to be heated, e.g. high-frequency current
- A61B18/1206—Generators therefor
- A61B2018/1246—Generators therefor characterised by the output polarity
- A61B2018/1253—Generators therefor characterised by the output polarity monopolar
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61B18/04—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating
- A61B18/12—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating by passing a current through the tissue to be heated, e.g. high-frequency current
- A61B18/1206—Generators therefor
- A61B2018/1246—Generators therefor characterised by the output polarity
- A61B2018/126—Generators therefor characterised by the output polarity bipolar
Definitions
- the field of the invention relates to the field of catheters dedicated to the treatment of atrial fibrillation.
- the field of the invention relates in particular to the field of the treatment of this pathology by isolation of the pulmonary vein by electroporation implemented using catheters comprising one or more electrodes.
- Atrial fibrillation is an arrhythmia defined by chaotic activation of the atria. It is triggered by atrial extrasystoles initiating multiple and variable reentries.
- the pulmonary veins, source of extrasystoles and substrate for reentry, are recognized as the fundamental structures for the initiation and maintenance of atrial fibrillation. They are therefore the main target of ablation for the treatment of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation.
- the arrhythmia has reached a more advanced stage, the fibrillation is persistent, and we can then, in addition to the treatment on the pulmonary veins, have to deliver linear lesions.
- the ablation of the pulmonary veins PVI can in particular be performed using an electroporation method.
- PFE Pulsed Field Electroporation
- electroporation ablation is a method in which the application of a strong pulsed electric field is used, with the aim of creating pores in the membranes of heart cells. These pores will lead to the death of these target cells (irreversible electroporation) and put an end to the chaotic activation of the atria.
- This method has the advantage of not causing any heat rise, or a very low heat rise, of the order of one degree Celsius, in the targeted tissues and in the adjacent tissues. This method also has some degree of tissue selectivity. Cardiac cells are in fact much more sensitive to it than those of adjacent structures.
- a catheter comprising a plurality of electrodes which will be introduced into the pulmonary vein.
- This catheter is connected to a generator which makes it possible to generate a voltage between two electrodes of the catheter, resulting in the formation of an electric field. It is this electric field that will create pores in the cells that make up the tissue of the pulmonary vein.
- document LIS20180085160 discloses a basket-shaped catheter comprising five branches each carrying 4 electrodes. By deploying the catheter, the branches move away from each other and the electrodes are brought closer to the walls of the vein to be treated. In the deployed position, the treatment of the entire circumference of the pulmonary vein is carried out, while the retracted position allows the navigation of the catheter in the atria and then the pulmonary veins.
- a new, smaller-diameter electroporation catheter is introduced in order to create a linear lesion on the wall of the atrium. It is a basket-shaped catheter that creates smaller lesions than the one dedicated to the pulmonary veins. By deploying them in a sequential and coalescing manner, one can form a linear lesion, or treat focal targets.
- Electroporation can also be delivered in unipolar mode. This consists of applying a pulsed electric field between two electrodes, one of which is located on the catheter in contact with the cardiac target, and the other, larger in size, is located outside the patient's body, most often glued to the thorax. Both unipolar and bipolar modes can be used for pulmonary vein isolation or for linear lesions. They each have advantages and disadvantages.
- a disadvantage of these modes of application of electroporation when treating a patient who would require the isolation of the pulmonary veins and the production of linear lesions is that it is necessary to use two ablation catheters.
- a first part of the operation consists in making a circular lesion around the ostium of the pulmonary veins, then in a second step in making one or more linear lesions with another catheter.
- To perform these two manipulations it is generally necessary to remove the electroporation catheter dedicated to the pulmonary veins, then to insert into the patient's body a new catheter which is suitable for performing linear electroporation.
- This succession of catheter insertions poses several problems, first of all the risk represented for the patient by the introduction of a new catheter, then the duration of the procedure represented by the withdrawal and insertion of a new one. catheter, and especially the very high added cost of each of these catheters.
- the medical device according to the invention makes it possible to overcome the aforementioned problems.
- the invention relates to a medical device comprising a catheter comprising a movable distal portion comprising a body evolving longitudinally within a first lumen and a plurality of branches, a distal end of each branch being fixed along a perimeter of said body and a proximal end being fixed along a perimeter of said first lumen, each branch comprising a face having at least one electrically active zone forming an electrode.
- the branches are movable between at least two positions:
- ⁇ a deployed position in which the branches each form an arc, each arc extending along a plane to which the longitudinal axis of the body belongs.
- the medical device is electrically configurable to deliver a first amount of electrical energy to a first set of electrodes in the deployed position and a second amount of electrical energy to a second set of electrodes in the retracted position.
- the medical device according to the invention makes it possible, with the same catheter, to perform circular lesions around the pulmonary veins in a deployed mode, and to perform linear lesions with the same catheter in a retracted position of the catheter.
- This arrangement makes it possible to use the same catheter during a pulmonary vein isolation procedure also requiring linear lesions, and thus to save time during the procedure, to reduce the risk of complications for the patient and finally to greatly reduce the material cost of the procedure, the unit cost of a catheter being very high.
- This arrangement makes it possible to treat only the pulmonary veins if necessary.
- the body of the distal portion includes a second lumen designed to accommodate a catheter guide device. This feature allows the catheter to be guided through a patient's blood vessels to place the distal portion in the pulmonary vein.
- the medical device is configured to deliver the first quantity of energy or the second quantity of energy according to a train of electrical pulses generated within at least one branch resulting in the creation of electrical voltages between two electrodes. This feature makes it possible to perform efficient electroporation thanks to the electrical pulse train.
- a first electrode of the medical device is at least a first branch and the second electrode is at least a second branch.
- the first quantity of electrical energy is delivered according to a sequence comprising a succession of supplies of pairs of electrodes.
- the advantage of this feature is to successively solicit different pairs of electrodes to effectively perform the electroporation of the entire perimeter of the pulmonary vein.
- a first electrode is at least one branch and the second electrode is an electrode external to the catheter.
- This arrangement allows electroporation to be performed in a unipolar mode, with an external electrode placed on the patient's body, to perform linear lesions or to treat the pulmonary vein.
- the first electrode is formed by several branches and the second electrode is an electrode external to the catheter.
- each branch comprises a core of electrically conductive material surrounded by an electrically insulating sheath comprising an opening, the active zone being arranged on a face opposite a longitudinal axis of the body through said opening. This arrangement offers a branch architecture that is simple to implement and allows electrical insulation of the branch outside the active zones.
- the arm is made of a shape memory material.
- This characteristic makes it possible to have a branch with a property of superelasticity that can deform when it passes from the retracted position to the extended position (and vice versa) without entering its plastic deformation domain.
- superelasticity we mean the ability of a material to deform strongly and return to its initial position, reversibly.
- the conductive material is Nitinol.
- Nitinol is a memory alloy with a superelastic property.
- At least one electrode of a branch comprises a printed circuit on an outer layer of the branch. This arrangement makes it possible to place an electrode produced by the printed circuit where desired on the branch.
- At least one branch comprises at least one measurement electrode capable of recording electrical activity. This arrangement makes it possible to perform electrical measurements from the measurement electrode in order, for example, to facilitate and control the correct placement of the catheter in the pulmonary vein or to control its insulation.
- each electrically active zone forms an electrode configurable to deliver an amount of energy and to be capable of recording an electrical activity.
- the electrodes formed by the active zones serve to carry out the electroporation by delivering energy and also serve as a measuring electrode to measure an electrical activity.
- At least one branch comprises several electrically distinct active zones, each electrically active zone forming an electrode, all of the electrodes of the branches being configurable to deliver a quantity of energy and/or being able to record an electrical activity.
- the electrodes formed by the active zones serve to perform electroporation by delivering energy and at the same time serve as a measuring electrode to measure electrical activity.
- each branch comprises at least two electrically active zones each forming a conductive part of an electrical circuit of the medical device, each of the electrical circuits being independent of the other to respectively propagate a measured electrical current and a generated electrical current.
- each branch comprises at least one electrically active zone forming a conductive part of a single electrical circuit of the medical device to propagate a measured electrical current or a generated electrical current.
- the body of the distal portion of the catheter comprises a measuring electrode capable of recording electrical activity, preferably together with an electrode of one of the branches. This characteristic makes it possible to measure an electric voltage between a branch and the body of the distal portion.
- each branch comprises two side edges, each side edge comprising electrical insulation electrically isolating said branch from a branch located close to it.
- This arrangement offers the advantage of electrically and reliably isolating a branch from the branches close to it, in order to avoid the formation of an electrical contact between them, and therefore prevent a possible short circuit between two branches.
- This arrangement also makes it possible to electrically isolate a branch from the branches close to it when the catheter is in the retracted position.
- each active zone of each branch is located on a portion distant from its distal end and from its proximal end, the active zone preferably being distant from the distal end by at least 7 millimeters.
- an active zone of the distal end of a branch is offset longitudinally from an active zone of the distal end of a consecutive branch on the perimeter of the first lumen.
- the branches have a general ribbon shape.
- the ribbon shape allows good stability of the branch when the catheter is in the deployed position, the faces resting on the walls of the pulmonary vein, or the ostium of the pulmonary vein. This characteristic makes it possible to limit undesirable twists of the branches.
- the ribbon shape In the retracted position, the ribbon shape allows for a tidy arrangement of the limbs around the body, which facilitates linear electroporation when the catheter is in the retracted position.
- the fixing of the branches along the perimeter of the first lumen is carried out by means of a fixing ring on which the proximal ends are fixed, the fixing ring itself being linked to the perimeter of the first light.
- FIG. 1 a side view of a medical device according to the invention, in a deployed position.
- FIG. 2 a side view of the device of FIG. 1, in a retracted position.
- FIG. 3 a top view of the medical device of FIG. 1, in its deployed position.
- FIG. 4 a top view of the medical device of FIG. 1, in its retracted position.
- FIG. 5 a side view of a medical device according to a second embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 6 a sectional view of a branch of a catheter according to the invention.
- FIG. 7 a sectional view of a branch of a catheter comprising a printed circuit.
- FIG. 8 a front view of two successive branches of the medical device according to a third embodiment of the invention
- FIG. 9 a partial side view of a distal portion of the medical device of FIG. 8 showing two successive branches according to one embodiment of the invention.
- Figure 1 shows an embodiment of a medical device according to the invention, shown in side view.
- the medical device comprises a catheter 10 comprising a distal portion 20.
- distal portion 20 is meant a part of the catheter 10 located at its distal end, that is to say on the end which will be located on the front part of the catheter 10, part being the first to be introduced into the patient's body.
- the distal portion 20 includes a body 22 that is movable on the catheter 10.
- the body 22 is movable in a longitudinal direction of the catheter. This direction is given by a longitudinal axis AL of the body 22.
- the movement of the body 22 can take place in a first lumen 24 of the catheter 10.
- first lumen 24 is meant a cavity arranged in the catheter near the distal portion 20, this cavity being in the form of a cylindrical bore in the catheter.
- the body 22 of the distal portion 20 therefore extends partly into this lumen 24, and can slide inside the latter following a longitudinal movement.
- the body 22 of the distal portion 20 is, in a retracted position, almost completely out of the lumen 24 (as shown in Figure 2), and can in the deployed position, be almost entirely inside lumen 24, with only its distal end flush out of lumen 24.
- Figures 3 and 4 show the catheter 10 in the deployed position and in the retracted position respectively, each shown in top view, that is to say in view in which the distal portion 20 of the catheter 10 is shown in the foreground, the rest of the catheter 10 being shown in the background.
- the distal portion 20 of the catheter comprises a plurality of branches 30 attached to said portion.
- Each branch 30 has a distal end 36 which is fixed to the body 22. More specifically, the distal end 36 of each branch 30 is fixed on a perimeter of the body 22, that is to say on an external surface of the body. 22.
- Each branch 30 has a proximal end 37 which is attached to the catheter along a perimeter of the first lumen 24. The proximal ends 37 can be attached directly to the perimeter of an open end of the first lumen 24, directly adjacent body 22. Proximal ends 37 may also be attached to a perimeter of first lumen 34 on an outer surface of catheter 10.
- the catheter 10 of FIG. 1 comprises eight branches 30, of which only the four located towards the first plane are visible in FIG.
- a wide variety of numbers of branches 30 can be envisaged, for example two, three, four, five, six, seven or else nine.
- the branches 30 are arranged in a regular manner along the perimeter of the body 22.
- the branches 30 have a regular angular arrangement around the body 22. This feature makes it easier to deliver the quantity of desired energy, the distance between each branch being equal.
- Each branch has a face 32 which has at least one electrically active zone 34 forming an electrode.
- This electrically active zone 34 located on a surface of the branch 30, is ideally composed of conductive material is able to act as an electrode.
- the branches 30 are movable between an extended position and a retracted position.
- each branch 30 In the retracted position, shown in Figure 2, the branches 30 are straight and arranged along the body 22, on its perimeter. Each branch 30 is arranged along an axis parallel to the longitudinal axis AL of the body 22. Thus, in the retracted position, the branches extend in the continuity of the catheter 10 around the body 22 of the distal portion 20. In the deployed position, each branch 30 forms an arc extending between its distal end 36 and its proximal end 37. The arc formed by each branch 30 extends along a plane to which the longitudinal axis AL of the body 22 belongs. In other words, each branch 30, in the deployed position, extends in a plane to which the longitudinal axis AL of the body 22 of the distal portion 20 belongs. deployment. Indeed, a deployment in another plane would require twisting of said branches 30, which would increase instability during deployment. In this way, the invention makes it possible to obtain a geometry of the branches in the deployed position which is regular.
- the medical device according to the invention is configurable to electrically deliver a first quantity of electrical energy to a first set of electrodes in a deployed position.
- a first quantity of electrical energy to a first set of electrodes in a deployed position.
- the catheter when the catheter is in the deployed position, it is adapted to deliver a voltage between two electrodes of active zones 34 of two different branches 30.
- the device according to the invention is also configurable to electrically deliver a second quantity of energy to a second set of electrodes in the retracted position.
- a second quantity of energy to a second set of electrodes in the retracted position.
- This configuration of the medical device according to the invention makes it possible to deliver a quantity of electrical energy both when the catheter 10 is in the deployed position and when it is in the retracted position.
- This arrangement therefore has the advantage of making it possible to use the catheter 10 to perform isolation of the pulmonary vein by electroporation (unipolar or bipolar) when it is in the deployed position, and, with the same catheter, to produce a linear lesion when the catheter 10 is in the retracted position, possibly in unipolar mode.
- the medical device according to the invention therefore makes it possible not to have to use two different catheters to produce a circular lesion and a linear lesion, which makes it possible to facilitate the procedure for treating atrial fibrillation by avoiding having to remove a first catheter suitable performing the isolation of the pulmonary veins, then inserting a second catheter capable of performing linear electroporation.
- the procedure is therefore faster and less risky for the patient.
- the invention makes it possible to reduce the cost of such an operation by reducing the number of catheters used, which are very expensive.
- the body 22 is slid in the lumen 24 in a direction going from its distal end towards the body of the catheter 10.
- the body 22 of the distal end 20 of the catheter 10 is inserted at least partially into the first lumen 24.
- the reduction of the length between the perimeter of the body 22 on which the distal ends 36 of the branches 30 are fixed and the perimeter of the first lumen 24 on which are fixed the proximal ends 37 of the branches 30 causes the placement of the branches 30 in the form of an arc.
- the body 22 is slid from the distal end 20 in the opposite direction to that mentioned above, which causes the branches 30 to fit along the body 22 , each along an axis substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis AL of the body 22.
- FIG. 6 is a cross section of a branch 30 of the medical device according to the invention.
- the branches 30 include a core 38 of electrically conductive material which is surrounded by an electrically insulating sheath 39.
- the sheath 39 covers an outer surface of the core 38.
- the electrically insulating sheath 39 includes an opening 391 formed on a face 32 of the branch 30 which is opposite to the longitudinal axis AL of the body 22. This characteristic is particularly visible in FIG. 3.
- the electrically active zone 34 of the branch 30, which forms the electrode, is located opposite the opening 391. This electrically active zone is formed by a part of the core 38 of the branch 30 which is opposite the opening 391 .
- This arrangement of the branch 30 makes it possible to have a simple architecture in which the core ensures the mechanical strength of the branch 30, while ensuring the electrical conduction necessary for the delivery of the first and second quantities of energy.
- the electrically insulating sheath 39 allows as for it to electrically insulate the conductive core 38 from objects close to the branch 30, in particular from another branch 30 nearby. According to this mode it is also easy to place where one wishes the active zone 34 by cutting the opening in the desired zone. It is also possible to select the surface of the electrode of the electrically active zone 34 by making a more or less large opening 391 in the electrically insulating sheath 39.
- the opening 391 is produced by laser cutting of the electrically insulating sheath 39. This arrangement allows rapid implementation, inexpensive and easily reproducible industrially.
- the electrically conductive core 38 is made of a flexible material capable of remaining in its elastic deformation range when the catheter 10 passes from an extended position to a retracted position and vice versa.
- This arrangement makes it possible to retain the general shape initially desired for the branches 30 of the catheter 10 when it changes position. Indeed, if the conductive material of the core 38 came out of its elastic range when passing from the retracted position to the deployed position, this could interfere with it being able to return to its initial retracted position, with the same geometry as that originally planned.
- the material of the electrically conductive core 38 of the branch 30 can be a shape memory material. This arrangement makes it possible to use the superelastic characteristics of the shape memory material to allow the branches 30 to deform when passing from the retracted position to the deployed position and vice versa.
- Nitinol is a metal alloy comprising nickel and titanium in almost equal proportions.
- Nitinol is a shape memory alloy with a superelastic property. This Nitinol can be combined with other metals (platinum, gold, etc.) to improve its conductivity.
- one or more branches 30 may include a printed circuit 393 on an outer layer of the branch 30.
- the printed circuit 393 may be placed on the electrically insulating sheath 39. It can also be printed directly on the sheath 39. This printed circuit 393 forms an electrode which is insulated from the core 38 of the branch 30. FIG. case in point.
- One or more branches 30 can comprise several electrodes.
- a branch can comprise several openings 391 in the electrically insulating sheath 39, so as to form several electrically active zones 34 on the branch 30.
- a branch can comprise several printed circuits 393 each forming an electrode. It is also possible to have one or more openings 391 on the same branch forming electrodes, as well as one or more printed circuits 393 forming electrodes. All of the aforementioned electrodes are able to deliver the first quantity of energy or the second quantity of energy.
- the electrodes formed by the electrically active zones 34 or by the printed circuits 393 are able to record an electrical activity.
- these electrodes are able to be used as measuring electrodes in order, for example, to measure the electrical characteristics of the tissues located close to said electrodes. This makes it possible, among other things, to facilitate the placement of the catheter 10 in the pulmonary vein before carrying out the electroporation, by detecting the tissues to be treated. This also makes it possible to check the correct realization of the isolation of the pulmonary vein after ablation.
- At least one branch 30 may include, in addition to the electrode formed by the active area 34 or by the printed circuit 393, one or more measurement electrodes. These measurement electrodes are preferably placed on the outer surface of the branch 30. This arrangement has the advantage of using an electrode specifically designed to perform measurements, allowing them to be performed with greater precision.
- each branch 30 comprises at least two electrically distinct active zones 34, and each of these zones forms a conductive part of an electrical circuit of the medical device.
- Each circuit is independent of the other and is able to respectively propagate a measured cardiac electric current and a generated electric current.
- measured electric current is meant a cardiac electric current collected by an electrode when the latter is used as measuring electrode. This current which is then recovered by a measuring device outside the catheter, such as an electrophysiology bay amplifier, a multimeter or an oscilloscope, this device being capable of displaying electrical data.
- generated electric current is meant an electric current coming from a generator connected to the catheter 10, current which runs through the electric circuit and activates the electrodes connected to this circuit to deliver a quantity of energy.
- an electrical circuit allowing the delivery of a first quantity of energy and/or of a second quantity of energy, and an electrical circuit which is adapted to the measurement of electrical data from a measuring electrode.
- an ablation generator ensures the generation of an electric current generated at the level of an electrode to carry out the electroporation of a form and simultaneously a measuring device records the quantities of energy or the electrical levels of at least one measurement electrode of the same branch 30 or of a separate branch.
- This energy or this level of voltage or electric current measured by the measuring device can be compared with the measurement of the energy actually delivered by the generator in order to deduce the parameters of electrical conductivity or energy absorption.
- This last measurement can be obtained thanks to the ablation generator which can comprise means for measuring the energy or the level of a voltage or an electric current delivered.
- a branch 30 comprises at least one electrically active zone 34 forming a conductive part of a single electrical circuit of the medical device.
- Said electrical circuit of the medical device is designed to propagate the measured electrical current and the generated electrical current.
- This arrangement makes it possible to use a single electrically active zone 34 as an electrode for carrying out the electroporation and as a measurement electrode.
- branch 30 has only one active zone 34 forming a conductive part of the electrical circuit.
- the body 22 of the distal portion 20 of the catheter 10 may include a measurement electrode 28. This measurement electrode 28 is capable of recording electrical activity.
- it records an electrical activity jointly with an electrode of an active part 34 of a branch 30.
- this electrode is a reference electrode. This makes it possible to measure an electric potential at the level of an electrode carried by an active zone 34 of a branch 30.
- the branches 30 of the catheter 10 may each comprise two lateral edges 35, each lateral edge 35 comprising electrical insulation.
- Each side edge 35 can advantageously be made of an electrically insulating material. This electrical insulation electrically isolates a branch 30 from a branch 30 located close to the first branch 30.
- This arrangement makes it possible to avoid bringing two electrodes located on two different branches 30 into contact.
- an active zone 34 of a branch 30 is therefore electrically isolated from the active zones 34 of the branches directly close to it. In this way, unipolar electroporation is facilitated, because the single electrode activated in this mode is isolated from the other electrodes of the catheter 10.
- a controlled electrode surface is therefore kept and possible short circuits due to contacts are avoided. unwanted electrical between several electrodes.
- this insulation is made directly in the insulating sheath 39 of the branch 30, in the case where an opening is made only on the face opposite to the longitudinal axis AL of the body 22.
- each side edge 35 of the branch 30 is covered by the insulating sheath 39.
- This insulation buffer zone 351, covered with insulating material can for example come from the insulating sheath 39, or from an additional element fixed on the branch 20.
- this zone buffer makes it possible to ensure that the active area 34 of a given branch does not come into contact with another active area of another nearby branch.
- this isolation buffer zone 351 has the width of a branch 30.
- the insulation of the side edges 35 can also be achieved by adding insulation elements made of insulating material which cover the side edge 35, which allows good electrical insulation of the branches 30 with respect to each other.
- a set of grooves can be provided on the body 22. These grooves extend over an outer surface of the body 22 in a longitudinal direction parallel to the longitudinal axis of the body 22. These grooves are provided to accommodate the branches 20 in the grooves which they form when the catheter is in the retracted position. Thus, in the retracted position, each branch 20 is separated from the two branches 20 close to it by the part farthest from the longitudinal axis AL of the body 22 of the spline. This part of the groove is preferably made of an electrically insulating material. The advantage of this arrangement is to make it possible to electrically isolate the various branches 20 when the catheter 10 is in the retracted position.
- the active zone 34 used for the delivery of this second quantity of energy is electrically isolated from the other branches 20 (and therefore from the other active zones 34) by the grooves. We therefore precisely control the electrode surface used and short circuits are avoided which could deteriorate the quality of the unipolar electroporation carried out.
- Each active zone 34 of each branch 30 is remote from the distal end 36 of said branch 30. Additionally, each active zone 34 of branch 30 is distant from the proximal end of said branch 30. This arrangement allows placement adequate active areas for the creation of an electric field to perform bipolar electroporation when the catheter 10 is in the deployed position.
- the distal portion 20 of the catheter 10 comprises an equatorial plane PE perpendicular to the longitudinal axis AL of the body 22.
- the equatorial plane PE intersects the branches 30 equidistant from their proximal 37 and distal 36 ends.
- active 34 of the branches 30 is centered around the equatorial plane PE. This arrangement makes it possible to have the active zones 34 in the part of the branch 30 which is furthest from the longitudinal axis AL of the body 22 when the catheter is in the deployed position.
- the active zones 34 are closest to the walls of the pulmonary vein and the ostium and can therefore create electroporation electric fields effectively.
- the active zone 34 is offset in the direction of the distal end 36 of the branch 30 with respect to the equatorial plane PE.
- This characteristic allows a better arrangement of the active zones 34 when the catheter 10, during its deployment, is not "straight" in the pulmonary vein, that is to say when the longitudinal axis AL of the body 22 does not is not substantially parallel locally to a longitudinal axis of the pulmonary vein, at the level of the equatorial plane PE.
- This advantageous arrangement makes it possible to perform effective electroporation in the deployed position even when the catheter 10 has not deployed optimally.
- the active area 34 of an arm 30 is offset by at least 7 millimeters from the proximal end 36 of the arm 30.
- a contemplated offset of the active area 34 is 9 millimeters, but other values offset can be considered.
- the active zone 34 is offset in the direction of the proximal end 37 of the branch 30 with respect to the equatorial plane PE.
- This characteristic allows a better arrangement of the active zones 34 when the catheter 10, during its deployment, is not "straight" in the pulmonary vein, that is to say when the longitudinal axis AL of the body 22 does not is not substantially parallel locally to the longitudinal axis of the pulmonary vein, at the level of the equatorial plane PE.
- This advantageous arrangement makes it possible to perform effective electroporation in the deployed position even when the catheter 10 has not deployed optimally.
- each branch 30 has an arrangement of its active zone(s) 34 similar to the arrangement of the other branches 30 of the catheter 10.
- a branch 30 comprises an arrangement of its electrically active zone 34 different from the arrangement of the electrically active zone 34 of the branch or branches 30 which are located directly next to the branch 30 in question.
- This arrangement makes it possible to have arrangements of active zones 34 that are different from one branch 30 to another. This is particularly advantageous when the catheter 10, during its deployment, is not "straight" in the pulmonary vein, that is to say when the longitudinal axis AL of the body 22 is not substantially parallel locally to the longitudinal axis of the pulmonary vein, at the level of the equatorial plane PE.
- This advantageous arrangement makes it possible to perform effective electroporation in the deployed position even when the catheter 10 has not deployed optimally.
- FIG. 8 illustrates two successive branches 30 on the catheter 10 which have their active zones 34 offset longitudinally with respect to each other.
- Figure 9 illustrates the arrangement of these two branches 30 on the body 22 of the distal portion 20 of the catheter 10.
- the active zone 34 of a branch 30 is offset longitudinally with respect to the active zone of the branch located directly close to the latter.
- the active zone 34 of a branch 30 is offset longitudinally by 2 millimeters in the direction of the proximal end 37 with respect to the active zone 34 of the branches 30 located directly close to the first branch 30 mentioned.
- This arrangement allows good creation of an electric field between two successive branches 30 along the perimeter of the body 22.
- This arrangement is also advantageous in the case where the catheter 10 did not deploy “straight” into the pulmonary vein.
- the active zone 34 offset longitudinally can also be offset only on its end close to the distal end 36, the other end of the active zone 34, that closer to the proximal end 37, being at the same level as that of the active zone 34 of branch 30 located directly close to the latter.
- the active area 34 of a branch 30 can be longer than that of the branch 30 located directly nearby, and be closer to the distal end 36 of the branch 30, and at the same time be at the same distance from the proximal end 37 of the branch as the active zone 34 of the branch 30 located directly nearby.
- the active zone of a branch 30 is located at a distance of seven millimeters from the distal end 36 of said branch 30, and the active zone 34 of the branch 30 directly close to the latter is offset by two millimeters longitudinally in the direction of the proximal end with respect to the first branch 30.
- the branches 30 have the general shape of a ribbon.
- ribbon shape is meant that the branches 30 have a substantially rectangular cross section.
- the faces 32 of the branches 30 opposite the longitudinal axis AL of the body 22 are substantially planar and are wider than the side edges 35 thereof.
- the ribbon shape allows good stability of the branch when the catheter 10 is in the deployed position, the faces 32 resting on the walls of the pulmonary vein. This feature makes it possible to limit undesirable twisting of the branches 30.
- the ribbon shape In the retracted position, the ribbon shape allows a row arrangement of the branches 30 around the body 22, which facilitates unipolar electroporation when the catheter 10 is in the retracted position. More precisely, the ribbon shape of the branches 30 makes it possible during deployment to keep a regular geometry of the arrangement of the branches 30 with respect to each other.
- This shape makes it possible to provide sufficient rigidity to each branch 30 to prevent it from twisting during deployment. Indeed, this feature prevents certain branches, once deployed, from being regularly arranged around the longitudinal axis AL. Such a bad layout means that the distance between each branch is not always the same. In this way, a branch could be too close to a branch directly in its vicinity, which would entail a risk of formation of an electric arc between the two branches during electroporation. In the same way, a branch could end up too far from the following branch around the longitudinal axis AL. In this case, too great a distance could lead to a fault in the electroporation which could be incomplete on the perimeter of the vein to be isolated.
- the ribbon shape of the branches 30 therefore makes it possible to maintain a regular and symmetrical arrangement of the branches 30 during deployment.
- the fixing of the proximal ends 37 of the branches 30 on the perimeter of the first lumen 24 is carried out by means of a fixing ring 29.
- This fixing ring 29 encloses the external surface of the catheter 10 slightly upstream of the distal portion 20 of the catheter 10.
- the catheter 10 is introduced into an introducer which is itself inserted into a blood vessel into the atria.
- the catheter will navigate in the left atrium towards the pulmonary vein in order to achieve its isolation.
- the guide device 40 comprises a rounded or curved distal end to avoid perforating a wall of a vessel or of an organ. Prior to passing through second body lumen 22, guide device 40 is received by first lumen 24 of catheter 10.
- the first and/or the second lumen has a diameter adapted to receive a guiding device.
- the second lumen emerges on a distal end of the body 22.
- the guiding device 40 can advantageously be a guiding catheter
- the guide device can advantageously be a guide wire.
- guide wire is meant a metal guide.
- the guiding device can comprise an internal mechanism integrated into the catheter 10.
- the internal mechanism can allow orientation of the distal part 20 of the catheter 10.
- This internal mechanism can for example comprise one or more rods making it possible to bending said distal part 20 and/or orienting it.
- This mechanism can be activated and/or controlled from a handle or a proximal catheter control device.
- the guiding device may comprise means for driving the distal portion 20 into a blood vessel.
- the guide device when it is introduced into the cavity 24 can cause the longitudinal extraction of the body 22 from the catheter 10.
- This drive can, for example, be achieved by a shoulder or an abutment circumferential circumference of the guide device 40 which comes into contact with a part of the body 22.
- It may advantageously comprise fixing means for fixing the guide device 40 to the distal portion 20 of the catheter 10.
- the deployment of the branches 30 fixed to the body 22 is ensured by the inflation of a balloon.
- This variant makes it possible to use the surface of the balloon as a support for the electrodes.
- This embodiment makes it possible to stabilize and ensure a good positioning of the branches when they become deformed.
- the ball can be substituted or combined with a deformable mesh, such as a lattice mesh.
- a shape-memory material can be used to give a stable shape to the deployed mesh in 3D.
- the guiding device may comprise an articulated head to guide the catheter 10 through the blood vessels and into the heart allowing it to follow turns in said blood vessels and into the heart.
- the guiding device can also guide the catheter 10 with its articulated head out of the second lumen, the head exiting the lumen through the distal end of the body 22. Electroporation modalities
- the medical device comprises, in addition to the catheter 10, a generator suitable for delivering electrical energy to the active zones 34 of the branches 30.
- the first quantity of energy is delivered according to a train of electrical pulses which are generated within at least two branches 30 when the catheter 10 is in the deployed position. These electrical pulses generate electrical voltage pulses between two active zones 34 of two branches 30. The pulses have durations of the order of one or a few microseconds. This arrangement is advantageous for implementing electroporation in a bipolar mode.
- the succession of pulses can be produced by successively supplying several pairs of electrodes of pairs of branches 30.
- the two branches 30 can be two successive branches on the perimeter of the body 22.
- the second quantity of energy is delivered according to a train of electrical pulses which are generated within at least one branch 30 when the catheter 10 is in the retracted position.
- These electrical pulses generate electrical voltage pulses between the active area 34 of a branch 30 and an external electrode which is placed on the patient's skin, or between two active areas 34 of two branches 30.
- the pulses have durations of l order of the microsecond. This arrangement is advantageous for implementing electroporation according to a unipolar or bipolar mode.
- PE equatorial plane of the distal portion
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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EP21840051.3A EP4267025A1 (fr) | 2020-12-23 | 2021-12-21 | Catheter d'electroporation unipolaire et bipolaire |
JP2023538701A JP2024500931A (ja) | 2020-12-23 | 2021-12-21 | 単極性及び双極性エレクトロポレーションカテーテル |
AU2021405497A AU2021405497A1 (en) | 2020-12-23 | 2021-12-21 | Unipolar and bipolar electroporation catheter |
CN202180089864.3A CN116744869A (zh) | 2020-12-23 | 2021-12-21 | 单极和双极电穿孔导管 |
CA3201061A CA3201061A1 (fr) | 2020-12-23 | 2021-12-21 | Catheter d'electroporation unipolaire et bipolaire |
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FRFR2014047 | 2020-12-23 | ||
FR2014047A FR3117763B1 (fr) | 2020-12-23 | 2020-12-23 | Catheter d’electroporation unipolaire et bipolaire |
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WO2022136468A1 true WO2022136468A1 (fr) | 2022-06-30 |
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PCT/EP2021/087144 WO2022136468A1 (fr) | 2020-12-23 | 2021-12-21 | Catheter d'electroporation unipolaire et bipolaire |
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EP (1) | EP4267025A1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP2024500931A (fr) |
CN (1) | CN116744869A (fr) |
AU (1) | AU2021405497A1 (fr) |
CA (1) | CA3201061A1 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR3117763B1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2022136468A1 (fr) |
Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP2263588A2 (fr) * | 2000-12-08 | 2010-12-22 | Medtronic, Inc. | Catheter d'ablation et procédé d'isolement d'une veine pulmonaire |
US20140358143A1 (en) * | 2013-05-31 | 2014-12-04 | Medtronic Ablation Frontiers Llc | Adjustable catheter for ostial, septal, and roof ablation in atrial fibrillation patients |
US20170105793A1 (en) * | 2015-10-15 | 2017-04-20 | Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. | Energy delivery devices and related methods of use |
US20180085160A1 (en) | 2016-01-05 | 2018-03-29 | Iowa Approach, Inc. | Systems, devices, and methods for delivery of pulsed electric field ablative energy to endocardial tissue |
EP3578124A1 (fr) * | 2018-06-05 | 2019-12-11 | National University of Ireland Galway | Appareil d'électrophysiologie |
WO2020036886A1 (fr) * | 2018-08-13 | 2020-02-20 | CARDIONOMIC, Inc. | Systèmes et procédés pour affecter la contractilité et/ou la relaxation cardiaques |
-
2020
- 2020-12-23 FR FR2014047A patent/FR3117763B1/fr active Active
-
2021
- 2021-12-21 CN CN202180089864.3A patent/CN116744869A/zh active Pending
- 2021-12-21 WO PCT/EP2021/087144 patent/WO2022136468A1/fr active Application Filing
- 2021-12-21 JP JP2023538701A patent/JP2024500931A/ja active Pending
- 2021-12-21 EP EP21840051.3A patent/EP4267025A1/fr active Pending
- 2021-12-21 AU AU2021405497A patent/AU2021405497A1/en active Pending
- 2021-12-21 CA CA3201061A patent/CA3201061A1/fr active Pending
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP2263588A2 (fr) * | 2000-12-08 | 2010-12-22 | Medtronic, Inc. | Catheter d'ablation et procédé d'isolement d'une veine pulmonaire |
US20140358143A1 (en) * | 2013-05-31 | 2014-12-04 | Medtronic Ablation Frontiers Llc | Adjustable catheter for ostial, septal, and roof ablation in atrial fibrillation patients |
US20170105793A1 (en) * | 2015-10-15 | 2017-04-20 | Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. | Energy delivery devices and related methods of use |
US20180085160A1 (en) | 2016-01-05 | 2018-03-29 | Iowa Approach, Inc. | Systems, devices, and methods for delivery of pulsed electric field ablative energy to endocardial tissue |
EP3578124A1 (fr) * | 2018-06-05 | 2019-12-11 | National University of Ireland Galway | Appareil d'électrophysiologie |
WO2020036886A1 (fr) * | 2018-08-13 | 2020-02-20 | CARDIONOMIC, Inc. | Systèmes et procédés pour affecter la contractilité et/ou la relaxation cardiaques |
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CA3201061A1 (fr) | 2022-06-30 |
FR3117763A1 (fr) | 2022-06-24 |
JP2024500931A (ja) | 2024-01-10 |
EP4267025A1 (fr) | 2023-11-01 |
AU2021405497A1 (en) | 2023-06-29 |
CN116744869A (zh) | 2023-09-12 |
FR3117763B1 (fr) | 2024-05-03 |
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