WO2022136072A1 - Commutateur de puissance destiné à des courants continus - Google Patents

Commutateur de puissance destiné à des courants continus Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022136072A1
WO2022136072A1 PCT/EP2021/086029 EP2021086029W WO2022136072A1 WO 2022136072 A1 WO2022136072 A1 WO 2022136072A1 EP 2021086029 W EP2021086029 W EP 2021086029W WO 2022136072 A1 WO2022136072 A1 WO 2022136072A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
current
switching device
ssm
speed
switching
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2021/086029
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Ulrich Kahnt
Jens Hunger
Sohel AHMAD
Original Assignee
Elpro Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Elpro Gmbh filed Critical Elpro Gmbh
Priority to EP21839932.7A priority Critical patent/EP4268252A1/fr
Publication of WO2022136072A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022136072A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/02—Details
    • H01H33/59—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switch and not otherwise provided for, e.g. for ensuring operation of the switch at a predetermined point in the ac cycle
    • H01H33/596—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switch and not otherwise provided for, e.g. for ensuring operation of the switch at a predetermined point in the ac cycle for interrupting dc
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/54—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switching device and for which no provision exists elsewhere
    • H01H9/541—Contacts shunted by semiconductor devices
    • H01H9/542—Contacts shunted by static switch means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/54—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switching device and for which no provision exists elsewhere
    • H01H9/541—Contacts shunted by semiconductor devices
    • H01H9/542—Contacts shunted by static switch means
    • H01H2009/546—Contacts shunted by static switch means the static switching means being triggered by the voltage over the mechanical switch contacts

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for switching direct currents with the method steps of testing an electrical parameter of a conductor connected to a high-speed direct current switching device, the electrical parameter comprising the direction of the current flow, switching a power semiconductor depending on the detected direction of the current flow, activating a disconnector in the high-speed direct current switching device , Separation of the circuit by opening the switch contact of the disconnector to interrupt a continuous current, quenching after activation of the disconnector by an arc formed between the switch contacts, the DC high-speed switching device being discharged when high voltages and/or currents occur.
  • the invention also relates to a device for carrying out the method.
  • hybrid switches are used, among other things, which have a combination of a metal switching gap and a semiconductor switching gap. Because of the high currents that occur, these hybrid switches require high-quality semiconductor components that are expensive.
  • Switching devices that switch off the direct current of the power supply by means of an opposing direct current have a simpler structure.
  • Many currently available For reasons of energy efficiency, electrically powered rail vehicles have the option of recuperating braking energy.
  • the polarity of the vehicle's electric drive motor is reversed in such a way that it works as a generator.
  • the electricity generated is fed back into the direct current network, whereby the polarity of the current also reverses in the direct current network.
  • Such a high-speed switching module is presented in DE 102 18 806 B4.
  • the module has a switching device between the line and the busbar of the rectifier substation.
  • a quenching circuit Arranged in parallel with this switching device is a quenching circuit which consists of a quenching capacitor which is connected in series with a switching unit consisting of two quenching thyristors arranged antiparallel.
  • a test branch is also arranged in parallel with the switching device.
  • the test branch consists of a series connection of a test thyristor, a current measuring element and a test resistor.
  • the DC high-speed switching device also has a freewheeling circuit, which has a branch for each current direction, from the busbar to the return conductor or from the path to the return conductor, in each of which two freewheeling diodes connected in series are arranged.
  • a fuse with a message is arranged in parallel with each freewheeling diode in each branch of the freewheeling circuit. The dimensioning of the freewheeling diode and the fuse is chosen so that only a small part of the freewheeling current flows through the respective fuse, while the majority of the freewheeling current flows through the freewheeling diode arranged in parallel with the fuse.
  • This fast switching module is designed for switching off systems with a mains voltage of up to 750 V and a current of up to 4000 A.
  • This module cannot be used for systems that will be available in the future, which are operated at much higher mains voltages and currents, due to the multiplication of power that occurs here.
  • this high-speed switching module does not work bi-directionally, so it cannot switch off an operating current if the current direction changes during recuperation. It is therefore the object of the present invention to provide a method for operating a DC high-speed switching module that is improved over the prior art in such a way that systems operated with DC current can be switched off reliably and quickly with higher power than before and work bidirectionally . It is also an object of the present invention to provide a DC high-speed switching module with which DC-operated systems can be switched off reliably and quickly with higher power than before and works bi-directionally.
  • the method according to the invention for switching direct currents has four method steps:
  • an electrical parameter of a current-carrying conductor connected to a high-speed direct current switching device is checked.
  • the parameter can be the electrical voltage and/or the electrical current of the conductor.
  • a control device is connected to a current detection element, with which the electrical conductor is checked for undesirable operating conditions, accidents and faulty power supply.
  • the direction of the current flow is recorded.
  • a power semiconductor is switched and activated depending on the direction of the current flow detected in the first method step.
  • the power semiconductor enables a current flow in such a way that the current flow is directed in the opposite direction to the current flow to be switched off.
  • the high-speed direct-current switching device has at least two
  • Power semiconductors that are connected in antiparallel. Depending on the direction of When the current to be switched off, that power semiconductor is activated which enables a current to flow in the opposite direction to the current to be switched off.
  • the switching device according to the invention is therefore also suitable for different polarities of the traction current without additional components.
  • a circuit breaker in the DC high-speed switching device is activated.
  • the isolating switch separates the busbar, which supplies the conductor carrying direct current with electrical energy, from the energy supply.
  • the circuit is separated by opening the switching contact of the isolating switch to interrupt a continuous current. The opening of the switching contacts creates an arc between the switching contacts.
  • the arc that forms between the switching contacts after the isolating switch is activated is extinguished. To do this, an electric current is fed into the circuit breaker in the opposite direction to the current flowing in it. Both electrical currents are superimposed and compensate each other in such a way that the resulting current is 0 A.
  • the high-speed direct current switching device is discharged when high voltages and/or currents (approximately 1.5 times the rated power of the high-speed direct current switching device) occur.
  • the high-speed direct-current switching device has a return conductor which is provided and suitable for deriving direct currents from the high-speed direct-current switching device.
  • the direct current high-speed switching device is discharged when high voltages and/or currents occur. As a result, damage to the components arranged therein is avoided when voltage peaks in the order of magnitude greater than 1500 V occur in the DC high-speed switching device.
  • the power semiconductor is switched when a current is detected in the opposite direction to the preferred current direction.
  • the power semiconductor enables a current flow in such a way that the current flow is directed in the opposite direction to the current flow to be switched off.
  • the DC high-speed switching device has in particular at least two power semiconductors that are connected in antiparallel. Depending on the direction of the current to be switched off, that power semiconductor is activated which enables a current to flow in the opposite direction to the current to be switched off.
  • the switching device according to the invention is therefore also suitable for different polarities of the traction current without additional components.
  • a capacitor is recharged by switching the power semiconductor.
  • the capacitor is charged between the discharging processes in such a way that when the capacitor is discharged, an electric current is generated which is directed in the opposite direction to the electric current of the arc.
  • the power semiconductor is activated, which enables current to flow in the opposite direction to the current to be switched off.
  • the quenching capacitor is recharged before the isolating switch is activated. After activation of the circuit breaker, an electric current is therefore generated by discharging the capacitor, which is directed against the electric current of the arc in the circuit breaker.
  • the arc is extinguished by discharging the quenching capacitor, which was previously charged.
  • the quenching capacitor is charged between the discharge processes in such a way that when the capacitor is discharged, an electric current is generated which is directed in the opposite direction to the electric current of the arc.
  • the quenching capacitor of the high-speed direct current switching device is discharged when high voltages occur.
  • the quenching capacitor is charged between the discharge processes in such a way that when the capacitor is discharged, an electric current is generated which is directed in the opposite direction to the electric current of the arc.
  • the quenching capacitor of the high-speed direct current switching device is discharged by a parallel-connected chopper and/or cold resistor.
  • Choppers and/or cold resistors usually have high thermal conductivity. The discharge of the electrical energy stored in the capacitor is therefore converted into heat very efficiently and quickly.
  • the continuous current is conducted via a metallic contact with a vacuum chamber.
  • the vacuum chamber has the circuit breaker, which allows a fast and reliable interruption of a supply current.
  • no plasma is created in the vacuum chamber, which would soil the contacts and require time-consuming cleaning at periodic intervals.
  • the vacuum chamber is also so well insulated against electrical currents that there is a high level of safety for people, especially maintenance personnel.
  • the currents and/or voltages flowing through the DC high-speed switching device are reduced by a second freewheeling circuit.
  • the second freewheeling circuit ensures that the energy present in the inductances of the path is quickly dissipated by freewheeling currents after the quick disconnection by the isolating switch. Any voltage peaks that occur are reduced by the first freewheeling circuit.
  • the second freewheeling circuit carries the current via a connection for a return conductor. The return conductor diverts direct currents from the high-speed direct current switching device.
  • the DC high-speed switching device has a disconnector and a quenching circuit.
  • the extinguishing circuit is intended and suitable for generating a direct current in the opposite direction of the direct current to be interrupted.
  • the direct current high-speed switching device according to the invention is arranged between the line to be supplied with current and the current busbar.
  • the circuit breaker is usually a vacuum circuit breaker, with which a fast and reliable interruption of a supply current is possible.
  • the high-speed direct current switching device has a return conductor which is provided and suitable for deriving direct currents from the high-speed direct current switching device.
  • the direct current high-speed switching device has two power semiconductors connected antiparallel.
  • the direct current high-speed switching device has a current detection element which is provided and suitable for detecting the direction of the current flow.
  • the current detection element is a current transformer.
  • the current transformer is a current measuring device for direct current and usually a magnetic field sensor, eg a Hall sensor or a fluxgate magnetometer.
  • the direct current high-speed switching device has a first freewheeling circuit which is provided and suitable for dissipating overvoltages and/or current peaks occurring during the switching process.
  • the first freewheeling circuit is connected to the return conductor and prevents damage to the components arranged therein when voltage peaks in the order of magnitude greater than 1500 V occur in the direct current high-speed switching device.
  • the DC high-speed switching device according to the invention can therefore be used for DC networks in the range of typically 600V to 1500V, while the current can be up to 12kA.
  • a second freewheeling circuit is provided.
  • the second freewheeling circuit has a connection for a return conductor.
  • the second freewheeling circuit ensures that the energy present in the inductances of the path is quickly dissipated by freewheeling currents after the quick disconnection by the isolating switch. Any voltage peaks that occur are reduced by the first freewheeling circuit.
  • the first and second freewheeling circuits run partially in parallel and are only partially routed through the direct current high-speed switching device. This ensures that current only flows through the first freewheeling circuit when voltage peaks occur.
  • the second freewheeling circuit dissipates the electrical energy that normally occurs when there is a disconnection.
  • Both freewheeling circuits are also separated from each other by a rectifier diode.
  • the second freewheeling circuit is partially arranged outside of the direct current high-speed switching device.
  • the DC high-speed switching device can therefore also be arranged in confined spaces.
  • the first freewheeling circuit has a current-limiting device.
  • the current-limiting device is usually an electrical resistor, which advantageously has a high heat capacity. the in The first freewheeling circuit therefore converts the conducted electrical energy into heat very efficiently and quickly.
  • the current-limiting device of the first freewheeling circuit is arranged in the direct-current high-speed switching device.
  • the current-limiting device is therefore protected from the effects of the weather by the housing of the DC high-speed switching device and can also be provided with a cooling system in order to efficiently dissipate the heat that occurs in the current-limiting device.
  • the current-limiting device of the first freewheeling circuit of the direct-current high-speed switching device is a chopper circuit and/or a PTC thermistor.
  • the electrical resistance of the current-limiting device thus increases with the temperature rising due to the current flow in the current-limiting device and thereby limits the electric current flowing through the first freewheeling circuit.
  • the quenching circuit has a quenching capacitor.
  • the current-limiting device of the first freewheeling circuit is connected in parallel with the turn-off capacitor.
  • the quenching capacitor is constantly charged between the discharge processes to ensure that the high-speed direct current switching device is ready for operation.
  • Fig. 4a current curves for opening the switching device and firing of the turn-off thyristor for large currents at time t> 1.2 ms, recuperation
  • the high-speed switching device SSM is arranged on a direct-current railway power supply.
  • the high-speed switching device SSM is connected to the busbar SS of the railway power supply on the one hand and to the line ST via a two-pole double disconnector DT on the other hand.
  • the section is electrically isolated from the busbar by means of the two-pole double isolating switch DT.
  • the vacuum switch VS is located between the busbar SS of the railway power supply and the section ST and is used on the one hand to conduct operating currents, load or short-circuit currents in both current directions and on the other hand to quickly create a galvanic isolating distance.
  • the vacuum switch VS is driven by an electromagnetic drive.
  • a current detection element T which detects the operating and fault currents, is arranged in the current path of the vacuum switch VS.
  • a quenching circuit LK is arranged parallel to the vacuum switch VS between the busbar SS of the railway power supply and the line ST. This extinguishing circuit LK consists of a turn-off capacitor K and two anti-parallel turn-off thyristors LT1, LT2 connected in series with it.
  • the internal freewheeling circuit iFK is also arranged in parallel with the vacuum switch VS; the connection is between the turn-off capacitor K and the turn-off thyristors LT1, LT2.
  • the internal freewheeling circuit iFK has a thyristor CT, a freewheeling diode D connected antiparallel in series and a resistor CW (chopper and/or PTC thermistor) in between.
  • a test circuit PK is also arranged in parallel with the vacuum switch VS, which checks the current status of the line before it is reconnected.
  • the test circuit PK consists of a series connection of a switch VP, a current measuring element Tp and a test resistor PW.
  • the test contactor is switched on and the current flowing through the test resistor PW is recorded with the current measuring element Tp.
  • the use of the test contactor has the advantage that in the case of a negative section test, a small test current must be extinguished, as would be the case when using a VP test thyristor.
  • the high-speed switching device SSM has a second freewheeling circuit eFK, which has two branches, one of which is connected between the connection of the vacuum switch VS- and the other is located between the line ST and the return conductor RL.
  • the second freewheeling circuit eFK has the freewheeling diode D.
  • the second freewheeling circuit eFK ensures that the energy present in the inductances of the section is quickly dissipated by freewheeling currents after the galvanic isolating distance has been established in the vacuum switch VS.
  • the EBG control unit automatically triggers the switch-off process when the operating current reaches a set limit value.
  • the EBG control unit processes the recorded measured values and outputs the corresponding control commands to the vacuum switch VS and the turn-off thyristors LT1, LT2.
  • the opening process of the vacuum switch VS is automatically initiated in accordance with the set limit values.
  • the dimensioning of the turn-off circuit, in particular the capacitance of the turn-off capacitor K, the turn-off thyristors LT1, LT2 are driven in a time-optimized manner.
  • the route test is also carried out by the EBG control unit, in which the route resistance is calculated taking into account the current outgoing voltage.
  • the EBG control unit regulates the actuation of the thyristor CT and thus the release of the internal freewheeling circuit iFK at high power levels.
  • the technical current direction is indicated by the arrows in this and the following figures.
  • the current strengths and voltages are shown negatively ( ⁇ 0) in this and the following figures due to the representation of a shutdown of a recuperation current.
  • FIG. 2a the circuit of FIG. 1 is shown in operation.
  • a short-circuit current IL occurs that is to be switched off, ie a short-circuit on route ST is fed by the traction power supply via busbar SS (FIG. 2a).
  • the switching command occurs in this and the following figures at the time 0.1 ms ( Figure 2b).
  • the vacuum switch VS is closed at this time.
  • the rising short-circuit current IL (FIG. 2b) is detected by the current detection element T in the current path of the vacuum switch VS.
  • the capacitor K is precharged (FIG. 3b). To do this, the EBG control unit fires the turn-off thyristor LT2, which enables a current to flow through the turn-off circuit LK. The current charges the capacitor K.
  • the control unit EBG issues the switch-off command for the vacuum switch VS, and the drive begins to separate the contacts of the vacuum switch VS (Fig. 4a).
  • An arc is created between the contacts of the vacuum switch VS.
  • the contact opening runs evenly over the contact path of the vacuum switch VS, the maximum contact distance is 3 2 mm.
  • the short-circuit current IL continues to flow via the switching arc that forms within the vacuum chamber when the contact is lifted (FIG. 4b).
  • the current ISU flowing therein must assume the value of 0 A, because the short-circuit current IL flowing through the opening of the vacuum circuit breaker VS is switched off.
  • the control unit EBG controls the turn-off thyristor LT 1, which activates the turn-off circuit LK.
  • a current ISU is generated in the quenching circuit LK (FIG.
  • FIG. 6a shows the current circuits of the DC high-speed switching device SSM according to FIG. 1 that are active at this point in time. Due to the fact that the arc of the vacuum circuit breaker VS has been switched off, a current flows at this point in time through the second freewheeling circuit eFK, some of which are arranged outside the high-speed switching device SSM, and the quenching circuit LK (FIG. 6a), with the quenching capacitor K acting as an intermediate store. The turn-off capacitor K is also recharged (pre-charged) in the process.
  • the internal freewheeling circuit iFK is connected in this exemplary embodiment.
  • the energy stored in the high-speed switching device SSM at this point in time charges the quenching capacitor K (see FIG. 6) after the arc has been extinguished in the vacuum switch VS.
  • charging voltages can be reached that exceed a safety limit for the high-speed switching device SSM and any other connected components in such a way that damage can occur. If the charging voltage exceeds 1500 V, the internal freewheeling circuit iFK is activated (FIG. 7a).
  • the EBG control unit fires the thyristor CT when the resistance in the quenching circuit exceeds 300 m ⁇ (Fig. 7b). If the charging voltage UKC of the capacitor K falls below a value of 1100 V, the thyristor CT is blocked again. Triggering and blocking of the thyristor CT are repeated until the value of the charging voltage UKC of the capacitor K is constantly below 1500 V. The overvoltage UKC that occurs thus remains below the arcing voltages that often occur with conventional high-speed circuit breakers.
  • FIG. 8a shows the current circuits of the DC high-speed switching device SSM according to FIG. 1 that are active at this point in time. As soon as the current is 0 A and all voltages UKC, LliFK have been reduced (FIG. 8b), the double isolating switch DT is opened (FIG. 8a). This means that the switching device SSM is enabled again.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Driving Mechanisms And Operating Circuits Of Arc-Extinguishing High-Tension Switches (AREA)
  • Protection Of Static Devices (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de commutation de courants continus, comprenant les étapes suivantes : contrôle d'une grandeur caractéristique électrique d'un conducteur raccordé à un dispositif de commutation rapide de courant continu, la grandeur caractéristique électrique comprenant la direction du flux de courant, commutation d'un semi-conducteur de puissance en fonction de la direction détectée du flux de courant, activation d'un sectionneur dans le dispositif de commutation rapide de courant continu, séparation du circuit électrique par ouverture du contact de commutation du sectionneur pour interrompre un courant permanent, extinction de l'arc électrique formé après l'activation du sectionneur entre les contacts de commutation, le dispositif de commutation rapide de courant continu étant déchargé lors de l'apparition de tensions et/ou de courants élevés. L'invention concerne en outre un dispositif pour la réalisation du procédé.
PCT/EP2021/086029 2020-12-22 2021-12-15 Commutateur de puissance destiné à des courants continus WO2022136072A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP21839932.7A EP4268252A1 (fr) 2020-12-22 2021-12-15 Commutateur de puissance destiné à des courants continus

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102020134773.1 2020-12-22
DE102020134773.1A DE102020134773A1 (de) 2020-12-22 2020-12-22 Leistungsschalter für gleichströme

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2022136072A1 true WO2022136072A1 (fr) 2022-06-30

Family

ID=79288069

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/EP2021/086029 WO2022136072A1 (fr) 2020-12-22 2021-12-15 Commutateur de puissance destiné à des courants continus

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Country Link
EP (1) EP4268252A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102020134773A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2022136072A1 (fr)

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10218806B4 (de) 2002-04-19 2004-09-16 Elpro Bahnstromanlagen Gmbh Gleichstrom-Schnellschalteinrichtung für Bahnstromversorgungen und Verfahren zur Abschaltung von Gleichströmen
EP3091626A1 (fr) * 2013-12-30 2016-11-09 Hyosung Corporation Disjoncteur à courant continu haute tension
EP3242310A1 (fr) * 2014-12-29 2017-11-08 Hyosung Corporation Coupe-circuit c.c.
EP3276648A1 (fr) * 2015-03-24 2018-01-31 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Dispositif de coupure de courant continu
WO2020260673A1 (fr) * 2019-06-28 2020-12-30 Elpro Gmbh Commutateur de puissance destiné à des courants continus

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DK2929627T3 (en) 2013-01-29 2017-01-16 Siemens Ag DC TENSION SWITCH TO CHANGE A CARD BREAK
DE102014016738B4 (de) 2014-09-18 2018-10-11 DEHN + SÖHNE GmbH + Co. KG. Anordnung zum Anlagen- und Personenschutz in einer mehrphasigen Niederspannungs-Versorgungseinrichtung

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10218806B4 (de) 2002-04-19 2004-09-16 Elpro Bahnstromanlagen Gmbh Gleichstrom-Schnellschalteinrichtung für Bahnstromversorgungen und Verfahren zur Abschaltung von Gleichströmen
EP3091626A1 (fr) * 2013-12-30 2016-11-09 Hyosung Corporation Disjoncteur à courant continu haute tension
EP3242310A1 (fr) * 2014-12-29 2017-11-08 Hyosung Corporation Coupe-circuit c.c.
EP3276648A1 (fr) * 2015-03-24 2018-01-31 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Dispositif de coupure de courant continu
WO2020260673A1 (fr) * 2019-06-28 2020-12-30 Elpro Gmbh Commutateur de puissance destiné à des courants continus

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EP4268252A1 (fr) 2023-11-01
DE102020134773A1 (de) 2022-06-23

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