WO2022130769A1 - Production method and production device for excrement treatment material - Google Patents

Production method and production device for excrement treatment material Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022130769A1
WO2022130769A1 PCT/JP2021/038371 JP2021038371W WO2022130769A1 WO 2022130769 A1 WO2022130769 A1 WO 2022130769A1 JP 2021038371 W JP2021038371 W JP 2021038371W WO 2022130769 A1 WO2022130769 A1 WO 2022130769A1
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Prior art keywords
excrement treatment
treatment material
producing
diameter
hole
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PCT/JP2021/038371
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French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
隼士 吉永
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株式会社大貴
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Publication of WO2022130769A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022130769A1/en

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K1/00—Housing animals; Equipment therefor
    • A01K1/015—Floor coverings, e.g. bedding-down sheets ; Stable floors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2/00—Processes or devices for granulating materials, e.g. fertilisers in general; Rendering particulate materials free flowing in general, e.g. making them hydrophobic
    • B01J2/20—Processes or devices for granulating materials, e.g. fertilisers in general; Rendering particulate materials free flowing in general, e.g. making them hydrophobic by expressing the material, e.g. through sieves and fragmenting the extruded length
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/22—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising organic material
    • B01J20/26—Synthetic macromolecular compounds
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/30—Processes for preparing, regenerating, or reactivating

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for producing an excrement treatment material.
  • the excrement treatment material described in the same document is an excrement treatment material for animals and is composed of a plurality of granules. Each granule is a water-absorbent granule that absorbs urine. As shown in FIG. 15, the excrement treatment material 90 having such a configuration is used in a state where a plurality of granules 92 are stacked in a box-shaped toilet 94.
  • the urine 96 is excreted from above the excrement treatment material 90. Therefore, the urine 96 is exclusively absorbed by the granules 92 (black-painted granules 92 in FIG. 15) located on the uppermost layer of the excrement treatment material 90. Therefore, most of the excreted urine 96 stays near the upper surface of the excrement treatment material 90. When the urine 96 stays near the upper surface of the excrement treatment material 90 in this way, the malodor generated from the urine 96 is likely to be released to the outside of the toilet 94.
  • the present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a method and an apparatus for producing an excrement treatment material capable of suppressing the release of malodor generated from excreted urine.
  • the method for producing an excrement treatment material according to the present invention is a method for producing an excrement treatment material composed of a plurality of granules having water absorption, and the granulation material to be granulated is extruded and granulated using an extruder granulator.
  • the granulation step of forming the granulated material constituting each of the granules is included, and the extrusion granulator is a die provided with a plurality of through holes through which the granulated material is passed, and the die. It has a roller that pushes the granulated material into each of the through holes while revolving around the central axis of the roller, and the diameter of the roller is non-uniform.
  • an extruder having a roller having a non-uniform diameter is used. Therefore, during extrusion granulation, a relatively low pressure is applied to the granulated material in a portion where the diameter of the roller is relatively small, and a relatively high pressure is applied to the granulated material in a portion where the diameter of the roller is relatively large. As a result, a granulated material having a relatively large water absorption rate can be obtained from the granulated material pushed into the through hole by the former part, and the water absorption rate from the granulated material pushed into the through hole by the latter part. A relatively small granulation can be obtained.
  • the excreted urine is easily guided to the lower part of the toilet in the excrement treatment material after production, and the urine is directed toward the depth of the toilet.
  • the apparatus for producing an excrement treatment material is an apparatus for producing an excrement treatment material composed of a plurality of granules having water absorbency, and is provided with a plurality of through holes through which the granulated material passes.
  • Each of the granules is produced by having the die and a roller that pushes the granulated material into each of the through holes while revolving around the central axis of the die, and extruding the granulated material. It is provided with an extruder granulator for forming the constituent granules, and is characterized in that the diameter of the rollers is non-uniform.
  • This manufacturing device is equipped with an extruder granulator having rollers with non-uniform diameter. Therefore, during extrusion granulation, a relatively low pressure is applied to the granulated material in a portion where the diameter of the roller is relatively small, and a relatively high pressure is applied to the granulated material in a portion where the diameter of the roller is relatively large. As a result, a granulated material having a relatively large water absorption rate can be obtained from the granulated material pushed into the through hole by the former part, and the water absorption rate from the granulated material pushed into the through hole by the latter part. A relatively small granulation can be obtained.
  • the excreted urine is easily guided to the lower part of the toilet in the excrement treatment material after production, and the urine is directed toward the depth of the toilet.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing an embodiment of the excrement treatment material according to the present invention.
  • the excrement treatment material 6 is composed of a plurality of granules having water absorption.
  • the granules are stacked in a box-shaped toilet and used for the treatment of animal or human excrement (particularly urine).
  • the excrement treatment material 6 includes a granular material 30 and a granular material 40. That is, the plurality of granules constituting the excrement treatment material 6 include the granules 30 and the granules 40.
  • the granules 30 and 40 have water absorption and absorb the urine excreted in the toilet. In order for the granular material 30 to have water absorption, it is necessary that the water absorption rate measured by the next test is 40% or more.
  • a granular material 30 (sample) equivalent to 50 g is placed in a sieve having an inner diameter of 10 cm and an opening of 1 mm. An empty beaker is installed under the sieve. Then, 30 ml of water is dropped onto the sample over 10 seconds using a syringe (60 ml syringe manufactured by Terumo Corporation) having an inner diameter of 3 cm and an inner diameter of 4 mm at the tip of the cylinder.
  • a syringe 60 ml syringe manufactured by Terumo Corporation
  • the water absorption rate is defined as the ratio of the value obtained by subtracting the measured amount of water from the amount of dropped water (30 ml) to the amount of dropped water. That is, when the amount of water in the beaker is 18 ml or less, the water absorption rate is 40% or more, so that it can be said that the granular material 30 has water absorption. The same applies to the granular material 40.
  • the water absorption rate of the granular material 40 is smaller than the water absorption rate of the granular material 30.
  • the water absorption rate of the granular material 30 is A% and the water absorption rate of the granular material 40 is B%, (AB) ⁇ 10 is preferable, and (AB) ⁇ 20 is more preferable. ..
  • the water absorption rate of the granular material 30 is, for example, 70% or more and 100% or less.
  • the water absorption rate of the granular material 40 is, for example, 40% or more and 70% or less.
  • a plurality of granules 30 and 40 are provided. In the excrement treatment material 6, these granules 30 and 40 are mixed.
  • the number of granules 40 is preferably 30% or more and 70% or less, and more preferably 40% or more and 60% or less of the total number of granules 30 and 40.
  • the particle size of the granular material 40 may be equal to or different from the particle size of the granular material 30.
  • the particle size is defined as the diameter of the smallest sphere that can contain the granules.
  • the particle size of each of the granules 30 and 40 is, for example, 5 mm or more and 15 mm or less.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the granular material 30.
  • the granule 30 takes in urine and retains it inside the granule 30.
  • the granular body 30 has a core portion 32 (granulated product) and a covering portion 34.
  • the core portion 32 is granulated into a substantially columnar shape.
  • the core portion 32 is a granulated product obtained from a granulated material that has passed through the through hole 13a of the die 12 described later.
  • the core portion 32 has a function of absorbing and retaining urine.
  • the core portion 32 contains a water-absorbent material.
  • the core portion 32 is mainly made of a water-absorbent material.
  • the main material of the core portion 32 means one or more materials constituting the core portion 32 having the largest weight ratio in the core portion 32.
  • the core portion 32 may be made of only a water-absorbent material, or may be made of a water-absorbent material and another material.
  • the water-absorbent material is preferably an organic substance.
  • As the water-absorbent material which is an organic substance for example, paper, tea leaves, plastics or okara can be used.
  • the core portion 32 may or may not contain an adhesive material.
  • As the adhesive material for example, starch, CMC (carboxymethyl cellulose), PVA (polyvinyl alcohol), dextrin, or a water-absorbent polymer can be used.
  • Paper refers to a material mainly composed of pulp.
  • the paper include, in addition to ordinary paper, a vinyl chloride wallpaper grader (paper obtained by classifying the vinyl chloride wallpaper), fluff pulp, papermaking sludge, pulp sludge, and the like.
  • a disposable diaper grader plastic obtained by classifying the disposable diaper
  • the okara is preferably dried okara.
  • the covering portion 34 covers the core portion 32.
  • the covering portion 34 may cover the entire circumference of the core portion 32, or may cover only a part of the periphery of the core portion 32.
  • the covering portion 34 has a function of adhering the granules 30 and 40 that have absorbed urine during use to form a mass.
  • the covering portion 34 also uses a water-absorbent material as a main material.
  • the definition of the main material of the covering portion 34 is the same as the definition of the main material of the core portion 32.
  • the water-absorbent material contained in the covering portion 34 is also preferably an organic substance.
  • the covering portion 34 contains an adhesive material.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the granular material 40.
  • the granule 40 takes in urine and retains it inside the granule 40.
  • the granular body 40 has a core portion 42 (granulated product) and a covering portion 44.
  • the core portion 42 is granulated into a substantially columnar shape.
  • the core portion 42 is a granulated product obtained from a granulated material that has passed through the through hole 13b of the die 12 described later.
  • the core portion 42 has a function of absorbing and retaining urine.
  • the core portion 42 contains a water-absorbent material.
  • the core portion 42 is mainly made of a water-absorbent material.
  • the definition of the main material of the core portion 42 is the same as the definition of the main material of the core portion 32.
  • the core portion 42 may be made of only a water-absorbent material, or may be made of a water-absorbent material and another material.
  • the water-absorbent material is preferably an organic substance.
  • the core portion 42 is made of a material having the same composition as the core portion 32.
  • the core portion 42 may or may not contain an adhesive material.
  • the covering portion 44 covers the core portion 42.
  • the covering portion 44 may cover the entire circumference of the core portion 42, or may cover only a part of the periphery of the core portion 42.
  • the covering portion 44 has a function of adhering the granules 30 and 40 that have absorbed urine during use to form a mass.
  • the covering portion 44 also uses a water-absorbent material as a main material.
  • the definition of the main material of the covering portion 44 is the same as the definition of the main material of the core portion 32.
  • the water-absorbent material contained in the covering portion 44 is also preferably an organic substance.
  • the covering portion 44 contains an adhesive material.
  • the covering portion 44 is made of a material having the same composition as the covering portion 34.
  • FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing an embodiment of an apparatus for producing an excrement treatment material according to the present invention.
  • the manufacturing apparatus 1 is an apparatus for manufacturing the above-mentioned excrement treatment material 6, and includes a granulator 10 and a covering machine 20.
  • FIG. 5 and 6 are a plan view and a bottom view showing the granulator 10 respectively. Further, FIG. 7 is an end view taken along the line VII-VII of FIG.
  • the granulator 10 is an extrusion granulator that forms a plurality of granulated products (core portions 32, 42) by extruding and granulating the granulated material (material constituting the core portions 32, 42). ..
  • the granulator 10 has a die 12, a roller 14, and a cutter 16.
  • the die 12 is provided with a plurality of through holes 13 through which the material to be granulated passes. In the following description, "plurality of through holes 13" refers to all through holes 13 provided in the die 12 unless otherwise specified.
  • each through hole 13 (the cross section perpendicular to the thickness direction of the die 12) is circular. Further, the diameter of each through hole 13 is constant in the thickness direction of the die 12. That is, each through hole 13 has a cylindrical shape. The plurality of through holes 13 are scattered over substantially the entire surface of the die 12.
  • a roller 14 is provided on the surface of the die 12 (the surface on the inlet side of the granulated material).
  • the central axis of the roller 14 extends in the radial direction of the die 12.
  • a plurality of (specifically, four) rollers 14 are provided.
  • One end of each roller 14 is connected to a rotating shaft 15 located at the center of the surface of the die 12.
  • These rollers 14 push the granulated material into each through hole 13 while revolving around the rotation shaft 15.
  • Each roller 14 revolves around a rotating shaft 15 while rotating around its central axis.
  • the roller 14 can pass over all the through holes 13 provided in the die 12.
  • the diameter of the roller 14 is non-uniform.
  • the roller 14 includes a portion 14a (first portion) having a diameter d1 (first diameter) and a portion 14b (second portion) having a diameter d2 (second diameter). I'm out.
  • the diameter d2 is larger than the diameter d1. Therefore, the distance between the portion 14b and the die 12 is smaller than the distance between the portion 14a and the die 12.
  • the difference between the diameter d1 and the diameter d2 is preferably 6 mm or more, and more preferably 10 mm or more.
  • the portion 14a is located on the outside of the portion 14b (the side far from the rotation axis 15).
  • Each portion 14a and 14b has a columnar shape.
  • the central axis of the portion 14a and the central axis of the portion 14b exist in the same linear shape.
  • the effective region 12a is a donut surrounded by a maximum circle C1 containing no through holes 13 and a minimum circle C2 including all through holes 13 in a plan view. It refers to a shaped area.
  • the centers of circles C1 and C2 coincide with the center of the dice 12.
  • the circle C1 does not even include a part of the through hole 13 closest to the center.
  • the circle C2 includes the entire through hole 13 farthest from the center.
  • the roller 14 has a non-uniform diameter in the portion overlapping the effective region 12a in a plan view.
  • the plurality of through holes 13 include a through hole 13a (first through hole) and a through hole 13b (second through hole).
  • the through hole 13a and the through hole 13b overlap the portion 14a and the portion 14b of the roller 14 in a plan view, respectively. That is, when the roller 14 revolves once around the rotation shaft 15, the through hole 13 existing directly under the region through which the portion 14a passes is the through hole 13a, and exists directly under the region through which the portion 14b passes.
  • the through hole 13 is a through hole 13b.
  • the diameter of the through hole 13b is equal to the diameter of the through hole 13a.
  • the plurality of through holes 13 are composed of only the through holes 13a and the through holes 13b.
  • the number of through holes 13b provided in the die 12 is preferably 30% or more and 70% or less, preferably 40% or more and 60% or less of the total number of through holes 13a and through holes 13b provided in the die 12. It is more preferable to have.
  • a cutter 16 is provided on the back surface side of the die 12 (the surface on the outlet side of the granulation material to be granulated).
  • the cutter 16 extends radially from the center of the back surface of the die 12.
  • the cutter 16 cuts the granulated material extruded from each through hole 13 while rotating along the back surface of the die 12. Specifically, the cutter 16 rotates about the center of the die 12 in a plane parallel to the back surface of the die 12.
  • the cutter 16 is configured to be able to rotate independently of the roller 14 described above. The cutter 16 can pass over all the through holes 13 provided in the die 12.
  • the coating machine 20 covers each granulated material (core portions 32, 42) formed by the granulation machine 10 with a powder-like coating material (material constituting the coating portions 34, 44). It is something to do.
  • the covering machine 20 has a drum 22 (container).
  • the drum 22 has a substantially cylindrical shape and is rotatably provided. Specifically, the drum 22 is rotatable about its central axis. The central axis of the drum 22 is horizontal.
  • the drum 22 accommodates a plurality of core portions 32, 42 formed by the granulator 10.
  • the covering machine 20 attaches the covering material to the periphery of each of the core portions 32, 42 while rotating the drum 22 in which the core portions 32, 42 are housed.
  • This manufacturing method includes a granulation step and a coating step.
  • the granulation step is a step of forming the core portions 32 and 42 by extruding and granulating the material to be granulated using the granulator 10.
  • the granulated material Prior to granulation, the granulated material is subjected to pretreatment such as pulverization, kneading, and water addition as necessary.
  • the granulated material M1 supplied to the surface side of the die 12 is pushed into the through hole 13 by the roller 14 rolling on the surface of the die 12.
  • the granulated material M1 pushed into the through hole 13 is pushed out to the back surface side of the die 12.
  • the cutter 16 continues to rotate on the back surface side of the die 12.
  • the granulated material M1 extruded from the through hole 13 is cut by the cutter 16 as shown in FIG.
  • the portion cut in this way becomes a granulated product (core portions 32, 42).
  • the coating step is a step of coating each granulated product formed in the granulation step with a coating material.
  • the coating material is applied around the core portions 32 and 42 while rotating the drum 22. Attach. Adhesion of the coating material can be performed, for example, by spraying or spraying. As a result, the covering portions 34 and 44 are formed. After that, post-treatment such as sieving and drying is performed as necessary. As a result, the excrement treatment material 6 in which the granules 30 and the granules 40 are mixed can be obtained.
  • a granulator 10 having a roller 14 having a non-uniform diameter is used. Therefore, during extrusion granulation, a relatively low pressure is applied to the granulated material at the portion 14a where the diameter of the roller 14 is relatively small, and a relatively high pressure is applied to the granulated material at the portion 14b where the diameter of the roller is relatively large. Is added. This is because the smaller the diameter of the roller 14, the larger the distance between the roller 14 and the die 12, and the weaker the force of the roller 14 to push the granulated material into the through hole 13.
  • a granulated material (core portion 32) having a relatively large water absorption rate can be obtained from the granulated material pushed into the through hole 13 (through hole 13a) by the portion 14a, and the through hole 13 (penetration through) 13 is obtained by the portion 14b.
  • a granulated product (core portion 42) having a relatively small water absorption rate can be obtained. This is because when the pressure during granulation is high, the gaps on the surface and inside of the granulated product become small, and it becomes difficult for water to be taken into the granulated product.
  • the excrement treatment material 6 in which the granules 30 having a relatively large water absorption rate and the granules 40 having a relatively low water absorption rate are mixed separately without being formed separately. can.
  • a general roller having a uniform diameter in order to obtain an excrement treatment material in which granules having different water absorption rates are mixed, the granules having a relatively large water absorption rate and the water absorption rate are relatively small. It is necessary to perform the step of forming the granules separately and then mixing the two. Therefore, there is a problem that the manufacturing process becomes complicated.
  • granulated products having different water absorption rates can be simultaneously formed by using one roller 14. Therefore, it is not necessary to separately form the two types of granules 30 and 40, and it is not necessary to carry out the step of mixing the two. Therefore, there is an advantage that the excrement treatment material 6 in which the granules 30 and the granules 40 are mixed can be obtained without complicating the manufacturing process.
  • Both the granular material 30 and the granular material 40 have water absorption.
  • the water absorption capacity of the excrement treatment material 6 as a whole can be enhanced. As a result, it is possible to prevent a situation in which urine accumulates in the toilet without being absorbed by either the granules 30 or the granules 40.
  • the difference between the diameter of the portion 14a and the diameter of the portion 14b of the roller 14 makes it easier to make the water absorption rate of the granular material 40 sufficiently smaller than the water absorption rate of the granular material 30.
  • the difference between the diameter of the portion 14a and the diameter of the portion 14b is preferably 6 mm or more, and more preferably 10 mm or more.
  • the difference between the diameter of the portion 14a and the diameter of the portion 14b is preferably 30 mm or less.
  • the proportion of the granular material 40 in the entire excrement treatment material 6 is large.
  • the number of through holes 13b is preferably 30% or more, more preferably 40% or more of the total number of through holes 13a and through holes 13b.
  • the proportion of the granules 40 is too large, the absorption of urine by the granules 30 may be insufficient.
  • the number of through holes 13b is preferably 70% or less, and more preferably 60% or less of the total number of through holes 13a and through holes 13b.
  • the plurality of through holes 13 are composed of only the through holes 13a and the through holes 13b.
  • the diameter of the through hole 13 is also the pressure difference at the time of granulation (the pressure applied to the granulated material passing through the through hole 13a and the through hole 13b. It affects the difference from the pressure applied to the passing granulation material).
  • the diameter of the through hole 13b is equal to the diameter of the through hole 13a. In this case, since the diameter of the through hole 13 (difference in diameter between the through hole 13a and the through hole 13b) does not affect the pressure difference at the time of granulation, the pressure difference can be easily controlled.
  • the factor that affects the pressure difference is narrowed down to the diameter of the roller 14 (the difference in diameter between the portion 14a and the portion 14b), it is compared with the case where both the diameter of the through hole 13 and the diameter of the roller 14 are factors. Therefore, the pressure difference can be easily controlled.
  • Coverings are provided on both the granules 30 and 40. As a result, a bond between the coated portions can be obtained between the used granules 30 and 40, so that the granular body 30 is compared with the case where the coated portion is provided on only one of the granular body 30 or the granular body 40. , 40 can be stably formed.
  • the coating material is adhered to the periphery of each core portion 32, 42 while rotating the drum 22 containing the core portions 32, 42.
  • the covering material can be evenly adhered to the entire circumference of each of the core portions 32 and 42.
  • the core portions 32 and 42 are agitated by the rotation of the drum 22, the uneven distribution of the granules 30 (granular bodies 40) in the excrement treatment material 6 after production can be reduced.
  • the amount of the adhesive material used can be saved and the manufacturing cost of the excrement treatment material 6 can be reduced.
  • a granular material 30 suitable for incineration can be obtained.
  • a granular material 40 suitable for incineration can be obtained. If the granules 30 and 40 are suitable for incineration as described above, the used excrement treatment material 6 can be discarded as combustible waste, which improves convenience for the user.
  • the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment, and various modifications are possible.
  • the diameter of the through hole 13b is equal to the diameter of the through hole 13a is illustrated.
  • the diameter of the through hole 13b may be smaller than the diameter of the through hole 13a. The smaller the diameter of the through hole 13b, the higher the pressure applied to the granulated material passing through the through hole 13b. Therefore, the water absorption rate of the granular material 40 can be further reduced.
  • the cross-sectional shape of the through hole 13 is circular
  • the cross-sectional shape of the through hole 13 is arbitrary, and may be, for example, an ellipse, a polygon, or the like. If the cross-sectional shape of the through-hole 13 is not circular, the diameter of the through-hole 13 is defined as the diameter of the smallest circle that can enclose the cross-section.
  • the diameter of each through hole 13 is constant in the thickness direction of the die 12 is illustrated.
  • the diameter of each through hole 13 does not have to be constant.
  • the diameter of each through hole 13 may gradually decrease from the front surface to the back surface of the die 12.
  • the magnitude relationship between the diameter of the through hole 13a and the diameter of the through hole 13b is compared with the diameter of the through hole 13a and the diameter of the through hole 13b on the back surface of the die 12. It shall be judged by doing.
  • the portion 14a having a relatively small diameter d1 is located outside the portion 14b having a relatively large diameter d2 is illustrated.
  • the portion 14a may be located inside the portion 14b (the side closer to the rotation axis 15).
  • the plurality of through holes 13 may be composed of three or more types of through holes, for example, as shown in FIGS. 13 and 14.
  • the plurality of through holes 13 include the through holes 13c (third through holes) in addition to the through holes 13a and the through holes 13b.
  • the through hole 13c overlaps the portion 14c (third portion) of the roller 14 in a plan view.
  • the portion 14c is a portion having a diameter d3 larger than the diameter d2 of the portion 14b. That is, in this example, the roller 14 includes a portion 14c in addition to the portion 14a and the portion 14b.
  • the portion 14b is located outside the portion 14c
  • the portion 14a is located outside the portion 14b.
  • the portion 14c is located outside the portion 14b.
  • the case where the cutter 16 is provided in the granulator 10 is illustrated.
  • the granulator 10 may not be provided with the cutter 16.
  • the granulated material extruded from each through hole 13 may be cut by a known means other than the cutter 16.
  • the granular body 30 has a multi-layer structure including a core portion 32 and a covering portion 34 is exemplified.
  • the covering portion 34 it is not essential to provide the covering portion 34. That is, the granular body 30 may have a single-layer structure consisting of only the core portion 32. In that case, it is preferable that the core portion 32 contains an adhesive material. The same applies to the granular material 40. If the covering portions 34 and 44 are not provided, the covering machine 20 is unnecessary and the covering step is not executed.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Animal Husbandry (AREA)
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  • Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)

Abstract

Provided are a production method and a production device for an excrement treatment material enabling suppression of emission of an offensive odor generated from excreted urine. This production device is a device for producing an excrement treatment material comprising a plurality of water-absorbing granules, and includes a granulator 10. The granulator 10 forms a granulated substance that constitutes each granule by extrusion-granulating a material to be granulated. The granulator 10 has a die 12 and a roller 14. The die 12 is provided with a plurality of through holes 13 for passing the material to be granulated therethrough. The roller 14 presses the material to be granulated into each through hole 13 while rolling around the central axis of the die 12. The diameter of the roller 14 is non-uniform.

Description

排泄物処理材の製造方法及び製造装置Manufacturing method and manufacturing equipment for excrement treatment materials
　本発明は、排泄物処理材を製造する方法及び装置に関する。 The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for producing an excrement treatment material.
　従来の排泄物処理材としては、例えば特許文献１に記載されたものがある。同文献に記載された排泄物処理材は、動物用の排泄物処理材であり、複数の粒状体からなる。各粒状体は、尿を吸収する吸水型の粒状体である。図１５に示すように、かかる構成の排泄物処理材９０は、複数の粒状体９２が箱状のトイレ９４の中に積み重ねられた状態で使用される。 As a conventional excrement treatment material, for example, there is one described in Patent Document 1. The excrement treatment material described in the same document is an excrement treatment material for animals and is composed of a plurality of granules. Each granule is a water-absorbent granule that absorbs urine. As shown in FIG. 15, the excrement treatment material 90 having such a configuration is used in a state where a plurality of granules 92 are stacked in a box-shaped toilet 94.
特開２００７－１９００２６号公報Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2007-190026
　トイレ９４において尿９６は、排泄物処理材９０の上方から排泄される。それゆえ、尿９６は、排泄物処理材９０の最上層に位置する粒状体９２（図１５において黒塗りの粒状体９２）によって専ら吸収される。そのため、排泄された尿９６の大部分は、排泄物処理材９０の上面付近に留まることになる。このように尿９６が排泄物処理材９０の上面付近に留まると、尿９６から発生した悪臭がトイレ９４の外に放出されやすくなってしまう。 In the toilet 94, the urine 96 is excreted from above the excrement treatment material 90. Therefore, the urine 96 is exclusively absorbed by the granules 92 (black-painted granules 92 in FIG. 15) located on the uppermost layer of the excrement treatment material 90. Therefore, most of the excreted urine 96 stays near the upper surface of the excrement treatment material 90. When the urine 96 stays near the upper surface of the excrement treatment material 90 in this way, the malodor generated from the urine 96 is likely to be released to the outside of the toilet 94.
　本発明は、上記課題に鑑みてなされたものであり、排泄された尿から発生する悪臭の放出を抑制することができる排泄物処理材の製造方法及び製造装置を提供することを目的とする。 The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a method and an apparatus for producing an excrement treatment material capable of suppressing the release of malodor generated from excreted urine.
　本発明による排泄物処理材の製造方法は、吸水性を有する複数の粒状体からなる排泄物処理材を製造する方法であって、押出造粒機を用いて被造粒材料を押出造粒することにより、上記各粒状体を構成する造粒物を形成する造粒工程を含み、上記押出造粒機は、上記被造粒材料を通過させる複数の貫通孔が設けられたダイス、及び上記ダイスの中心軸の周りに公転しながら上記被造粒材料を上記各貫通孔に押し込むローラーを有し、上記ローラーの径は、不均一であることを特徴とする。 The method for producing an excrement treatment material according to the present invention is a method for producing an excrement treatment material composed of a plurality of granules having water absorption, and the granulation material to be granulated is extruded and granulated using an extruder granulator. Thereby, the granulation step of forming the granulated material constituting each of the granules is included, and the extrusion granulator is a die provided with a plurality of through holes through which the granulated material is passed, and the die. It has a roller that pushes the granulated material into each of the through holes while revolving around the central axis of the roller, and the diameter of the roller is non-uniform.
　この製造方法においては、径が不均一なローラーを有する押出造粒機が用いられる。このため、押出造粒時、ローラーの径が比較的小さい部分では被造粒材料に比較的低い圧力が加わり、ローラーの径が比較的大きい部分では被造粒材料に比較的高い圧力が加わる。これにより、前者の部分によって貫通孔に押し込まれた被造粒材料からは吸水率が比較的大きい造粒物が得られ、後者の部分によって貫通孔に押し込まれた被造粒材料からは吸水率が比較的小さい造粒物が得られる。このように一部の造粒物の吸水率を小さくすることにより、製造後の排泄物処理材においては、排泄された尿がトイレの下方に導かれやすくなり、尿をトイレの深さ方向に広く分散させることができる。尿を深さ方向に分散させることは、排泄物処理材の上面付近に留まる尿の割合を減らすことにつながる。したがって、尿から発生した悪臭がトイレの外に放出されるのを抑制することができる。 In this manufacturing method, an extruder having a roller having a non-uniform diameter is used. Therefore, during extrusion granulation, a relatively low pressure is applied to the granulated material in a portion where the diameter of the roller is relatively small, and a relatively high pressure is applied to the granulated material in a portion where the diameter of the roller is relatively large. As a result, a granulated material having a relatively large water absorption rate can be obtained from the granulated material pushed into the through hole by the former part, and the water absorption rate from the granulated material pushed into the through hole by the latter part. A relatively small granulation can be obtained. By reducing the water absorption rate of some of the granulated products in this way, the excreted urine is easily guided to the lower part of the toilet in the excrement treatment material after production, and the urine is directed toward the depth of the toilet. Can be widely dispersed. Dispersing the urine in the depth direction leads to a reduction in the proportion of urine that remains near the upper surface of the excrement treatment material. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the malodor generated from urine from being released to the outside of the toilet.
　また、本発明による排泄物処理材の製造装置は、吸水性を有する複数の粒状体からなる排泄物処理材を製造する装置であって、被造粒材料を通過させる複数の貫通孔が設けられたダイス、及び上記ダイスの中心軸の周りに公転しながら上記被造粒材料を上記各貫通孔に押し込むローラーを有し、上記被造粒材料を押出造粒することにより、上記各粒状体を構成する造粒物を形成する押出造粒機を備え、上記ローラーの径は、不均一であることを特徴とする。 Further, the apparatus for producing an excrement treatment material according to the present invention is an apparatus for producing an excrement treatment material composed of a plurality of granules having water absorbency, and is provided with a plurality of through holes through which the granulated material passes. Each of the granules is produced by having the die and a roller that pushes the granulated material into each of the through holes while revolving around the central axis of the die, and extruding the granulated material. It is provided with an extruder granulator for forming the constituent granules, and is characterized in that the diameter of the rollers is non-uniform.
　この製造装置は、径が不均一なローラーを有する押出造粒機を備えている。このため、押出造粒時、ローラーの径が比較的小さい部分では被造粒材料に比較的低い圧力が加わり、ローラーの径が比較的大きい部分では被造粒材料に比較的高い圧力が加わる。これにより、前者の部分によって貫通孔に押し込まれた被造粒材料からは吸水率が比較的大きい造粒物が得られ、後者の部分によって貫通孔に押し込まれた被造粒材料からは吸水率が比較的小さい造粒物が得られる。このように一部の造粒物の吸水率を小さくすることにより、製造後の排泄物処理材においては、排泄された尿がトイレの下方に導かれやすくなり、尿をトイレの深さ方向に広く分散させることができる。尿を深さ方向に分散させることは、排泄物処理材の上面付近に留まる尿の割合を減らすことにつながる。したがって、尿から発生した悪臭がトイレの外に放出されるのを抑制することができる。 This manufacturing device is equipped with an extruder granulator having rollers with non-uniform diameter. Therefore, during extrusion granulation, a relatively low pressure is applied to the granulated material in a portion where the diameter of the roller is relatively small, and a relatively high pressure is applied to the granulated material in a portion where the diameter of the roller is relatively large. As a result, a granulated material having a relatively large water absorption rate can be obtained from the granulated material pushed into the through hole by the former part, and the water absorption rate from the granulated material pushed into the through hole by the latter part. A relatively small granulation can be obtained. By reducing the water absorption rate of some of the granulated products in this way, the excreted urine is easily guided to the lower part of the toilet in the excrement treatment material after production, and the urine is directed toward the depth of the toilet. Can be widely dispersed. Dispersing the urine in the depth direction leads to a reduction in the proportion of urine that remains near the upper surface of the excrement treatment material. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the malodor generated from urine from being released to the outside of the toilet.
　本発明によれば、排泄された尿から発生する悪臭の放出を抑制することができる排泄物処理材の製造方法及び製造装置が実現される。 According to the present invention, a method and an apparatus for producing an excrement treatment material capable of suppressing the release of malodor generated from excreted urine are realized.
本発明による排泄物処理材の一実施形態を示す模式図である。It is a schematic diagram which shows one Embodiment of the excrement treatment material by this invention. 粒状体３０を示す模式図である。It is a schematic diagram which shows the granular body 30. 粒状体４０を示す模式図である。It is a schematic diagram which shows the granular body 40. 本発明による排泄物処理材の製造装置の一実施形態を示す構成図である。It is a block diagram which shows one Embodiment of the manufacturing apparatus of the excrement treatment material by this invention. 造粒機１０を示す平面図である。It is a top view which shows the granulation machine 10. 造粒機１０を示す底面図である。It is a bottom view which shows the granulation machine 10. 図５のVII－VII線に沿った端面図である。It is an end view along the line VII-VII of FIG. ダイス１２の有効領域１２ａについて説明するための平面図である。It is a top view for demonstrating the effective area 12a of a die 12. 被覆機２０の構造を説明するための図である。It is a figure for demonstrating the structure of the covering machine 20. 本発明による排泄物処理材の製造方法の一実施形態における造粒工程を説明するための図である。It is a figure for demonstrating the granulation process in one Embodiment of the manufacturing method of the excrement treatment material by this invention. 本発明による排泄物処理材の製造方法の一実施形態における造粒工程を説明するための図である。It is a figure for demonstrating the granulation process in one Embodiment of the manufacturing method of the excrement treatment material by this invention. ローラー１４の一変形例を説明するための端面図である。It is an end view for demonstrating one modification of a roller 14. ローラー１４の他の変形例を説明するための端面図である。It is an end view for demonstrating another modification of a roller 14. ローラー１４の他の変形例を説明するための端面図である。It is an end view for demonstrating another modification of a roller 14. 従来の排泄物処理材の問題点を説明するための図である。It is a figure for demonstrating the problem of the conventional excrement treatment material.
　以下、図面を参照しつつ、本発明の実施形態について詳細に説明する。なお、図面の説明においては、同一要素には同一符号を付し、重複する説明を省略する。 Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. In the description of the drawings, the same elements are designated by the same reference numerals, and duplicate description will be omitted.
　図１は、本発明による排泄物処理材の一実施形態を示す模式図である。排泄物処理材６は、吸水性を有する複数の粒状体からなる。複数の粒状体は、箱状のトイレの中に積み重ねられ、動物又は人の排泄物（特に尿）の処理に用いられる。排泄物処理材６は、粒状体３０及び粒状体４０を備えている。すなわち、排泄物処理材６を構成する複数の粒状体は、粒状体３０及び粒状体４０を含んでいる。 FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing an embodiment of the excrement treatment material according to the present invention. The excrement treatment material 6 is composed of a plurality of granules having water absorption. The granules are stacked in a box-shaped toilet and used for the treatment of animal or human excrement (particularly urine). The excrement treatment material 6 includes a granular material 30 and a granular material 40. That is, the plurality of granules constituting the excrement treatment material 6 include the granules 30 and the granules 40.
　粒状体３０及び粒状体４０は、吸水性を有しており、トイレに排泄された尿を吸収する。粒状体３０が吸水性を有するというには、次の試験により測定される吸水率が４０％以上であることが必要である。まず、内径１０ｃｍ、目開き１ｍｍの篩に５０ｇ相当の粒状体３０（サンプル）を入れる。篩の下には、空のビーカーを設置する。そして、サンプルに対し、外筒の内径３ｃｍ、筒先の内径４ｍｍのシリンジ（テルモ社製６０ｍｌシリンジ）を用いて、３０ｍｌの水を１０秒かけて滴下する。１分間放置した後、ビーカー内の水量を計測する。滴下した水量（３０ｍｌ）から計測された水量を引いた値の、滴下した水量に対する割合をもって吸水率とする。すなわち、ビーカー内の水量が１８ｍｌ以下であれば、吸水率が４０％以上となるため、粒状体３０が吸水性を有するといえる。粒状体４０についても同様である。 The granules 30 and 40 have water absorption and absorb the urine excreted in the toilet. In order for the granular material 30 to have water absorption, it is necessary that the water absorption rate measured by the next test is 40% or more. First, a granular material 30 (sample) equivalent to 50 g is placed in a sieve having an inner diameter of 10 cm and an opening of 1 mm. An empty beaker is installed under the sieve. Then, 30 ml of water is dropped onto the sample over 10 seconds using a syringe (60 ml syringe manufactured by Terumo Corporation) having an inner diameter of 3 cm and an inner diameter of 4 mm at the tip of the cylinder. After leaving it for 1 minute, measure the amount of water in the beaker. The water absorption rate is defined as the ratio of the value obtained by subtracting the measured amount of water from the amount of dropped water (30 ml) to the amount of dropped water. That is, when the amount of water in the beaker is 18 ml or less, the water absorption rate is 40% or more, so that it can be said that the granular material 30 has water absorption. The same applies to the granular material 40.
　粒状体４０の吸水率は、粒状体３０の吸水率よりも小さい。粒状体３０の吸水率をＡ％とし、粒状体４０の吸水率をＢ％としたとき、（Ａ－Ｂ）≧１０であることが好ましく、（Ａ－Ｂ）≧２０であることがより好ましい。粒状体３０の吸水率は、例えば７０％以上１００％以下である。粒状体４０の吸水率は、例えば４０％以上７０％以下である。 The water absorption rate of the granular material 40 is smaller than the water absorption rate of the granular material 30. When the water absorption rate of the granular material 30 is A% and the water absorption rate of the granular material 40 is B%, (AB) ≧ 10 is preferable, and (AB) ≧ 20 is more preferable. .. The water absorption rate of the granular material 30 is, for example, 70% or more and 100% or less. The water absorption rate of the granular material 40 is, for example, 40% or more and 70% or less.
　粒状体３０及び粒状体４０は、複数ずつ設けられている。排泄物処理材６においては、これらの粒状体３０，４０が混在している。粒状体４０の個数は、粒状体３０及び粒状体４０の個数の合計の３０％以上７０％以下であることが好ましく、４０％以上６０％以下であることがより好ましい。粒状体４０の粒径は、粒状体３０の粒径に等しくてもよいし、異なっていてもよい。ここで、粒径は、当該粒状体を内包しうる最小の球の直径として定義するものとする。各粒状体３０，４０の粒径は、例えば５ｍｍ以上１５ｍｍ以下である。 A plurality of granules 30 and 40 are provided. In the excrement treatment material 6, these granules 30 and 40 are mixed. The number of granules 40 is preferably 30% or more and 70% or less, and more preferably 40% or more and 60% or less of the total number of granules 30 and 40. The particle size of the granular material 40 may be equal to or different from the particle size of the granular material 30. Here, the particle size is defined as the diameter of the smallest sphere that can contain the granules. The particle size of each of the granules 30 and 40 is, for example, 5 mm or more and 15 mm or less.
　図２は、粒状体３０を示す模式図である。粒状体３０は、尿を取り込んで粒状体３０の内部に保持する。粒状体３０は、芯部３２（造粒物）及び被覆部３４を有している。芯部３２は、略円柱状に造粒されている。芯部３２は、後述するダイス１２の貫通孔１３ａを通過した被造粒材料から得られる造粒物である。芯部３２は、尿を吸水及び保水する機能を有する。芯部３２は、吸水性材料を含有している。芯部３２は、吸水性材料を主材料としている。ここで、芯部３２の主材料とは、芯部３２を構成する一又は二以上の材料のうち、当該芯部３２に占める重量割合が最大のものをいう。 FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the granular material 30. The granule 30 takes in urine and retains it inside the granule 30. The granular body 30 has a core portion 32 (granulated product) and a covering portion 34. The core portion 32 is granulated into a substantially columnar shape. The core portion 32 is a granulated product obtained from a granulated material that has passed through the through hole 13a of the die 12 described later. The core portion 32 has a function of absorbing and retaining urine. The core portion 32 contains a water-absorbent material. The core portion 32 is mainly made of a water-absorbent material. Here, the main material of the core portion 32 means one or more materials constituting the core portion 32 having the largest weight ratio in the core portion 32.
　芯部３２は、吸水性材料のみからなってもよいし、吸水性材料と他の材料とからなってもよい。吸水性材料は、有機物であることが好ましい。有機物である吸水性材料としては、例えば、紙類、茶殻、プラスチック類又はオカラを用いることができる。芯部３２は、接着性材料を含有していてもよいし、含有していなくてもよい。接着性材料としては、例えば、澱粉、ＣＭＣ（カルボキシメチルセルロース）、ＰＶＡ（ポリビニルアルコール）、デキストリン、又は吸水性ポリマーを用いることができる。 The core portion 32 may be made of only a water-absorbent material, or may be made of a water-absorbent material and another material. The water-absorbent material is preferably an organic substance. As the water-absorbent material which is an organic substance, for example, paper, tea leaves, plastics or okara can be used. The core portion 32 may or may not contain an adhesive material. As the adhesive material, for example, starch, CMC (carboxymethyl cellulose), PVA (polyvinyl alcohol), dextrin, or a water-absorbent polymer can be used.
　紙類は、パルプを主体とする材料をいう。紙類としては、例えば、通常の紙の他にも、塩ビ壁紙分級物（塩ビ壁紙を分級することにより得られる紙）、フラッフパルプ、製紙スラッジ、パルプスラッジ等が挙げられる。プラスチック類としては、例えば、紙おむつ分級物（紙おむつを分級することにより得られるプラスチック）を用いてもよい。オカラは、乾燥オカラであることが好ましい。 Paper refers to a material mainly composed of pulp. Examples of the paper include, in addition to ordinary paper, a vinyl chloride wallpaper grader (paper obtained by classifying the vinyl chloride wallpaper), fluff pulp, papermaking sludge, pulp sludge, and the like. As the plastics, for example, a disposable diaper grader (plastic obtained by classifying the disposable diaper) may be used. The okara is preferably dried okara.
　被覆部３４は、芯部３２を覆っている。被覆部３４は、芯部３２の周囲の全体を覆っていてもよいし、芯部３２の周囲の一部のみを覆っていてもよい。被覆部３４は、使用時に尿を吸収した粒状体３０，４０どうしを接着させて固まりにする機能を有する。被覆部３４も、吸水性材料を主材料としている。被覆部３４の主材料の定義は、芯部３２の主材料の定義と同様である。被覆部３４に含有される吸水性材料も、有機物であることが好ましい。被覆部３４は、接着性材料を含有している。 The covering portion 34 covers the core portion 32. The covering portion 34 may cover the entire circumference of the core portion 32, or may cover only a part of the periphery of the core portion 32. The covering portion 34 has a function of adhering the granules 30 and 40 that have absorbed urine during use to form a mass. The covering portion 34 also uses a water-absorbent material as a main material. The definition of the main material of the covering portion 34 is the same as the definition of the main material of the core portion 32. The water-absorbent material contained in the covering portion 34 is also preferably an organic substance. The covering portion 34 contains an adhesive material.
　図３は、粒状体４０を示す模式図である。粒状体４０は、尿を取り込んで粒状体４０の内部に保持する。粒状体４０は、芯部４２（造粒物）及び被覆部４４を有している。芯部４２は、略円柱状に造粒されている。芯部４２は、後述するダイス１２の貫通孔１３ｂを通過した被造粒材料から得られる造粒物である。芯部４２は、尿を吸水及び保水する機能を有する。芯部４２は、吸水性材料を含有している。芯部４２は、吸水性材料を主材料としている。芯部４２の主材料の定義は、芯部３２の主材料の定義と同様である。芯部４２は、吸水性材料のみからなってもよいし、吸水性材料と他の材料とからなってもよい。吸水性材料は、有機物であることが好ましい。芯部４２は、芯部３２と同一組成の材料からなる。芯部４２は、接着性材料を含有していてもよいし、含有していなくてもよい。 FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the granular material 40. The granule 40 takes in urine and retains it inside the granule 40. The granular body 40 has a core portion 42 (granulated product) and a covering portion 44. The core portion 42 is granulated into a substantially columnar shape. The core portion 42 is a granulated product obtained from a granulated material that has passed through the through hole 13b of the die 12 described later. The core portion 42 has a function of absorbing and retaining urine. The core portion 42 contains a water-absorbent material. The core portion 42 is mainly made of a water-absorbent material. The definition of the main material of the core portion 42 is the same as the definition of the main material of the core portion 32. The core portion 42 may be made of only a water-absorbent material, or may be made of a water-absorbent material and another material. The water-absorbent material is preferably an organic substance. The core portion 42 is made of a material having the same composition as the core portion 32. The core portion 42 may or may not contain an adhesive material.
　被覆部４４は、芯部４２を覆っている。被覆部４４は、芯部４２の周囲の全体を覆っていてもよいし、芯部４２の周囲の一部のみを覆っていてもよい。被覆部４４は、使用時に尿を吸収した粒状体３０，４０どうしを接着させて固まりにする機能を有する。被覆部４４も、吸水性材料を主材料としている。被覆部４４の主材料の定義は、芯部３２の主材料の定義と同様である。被覆部４４に含有される吸水性材料も、有機物であることが好ましい。被覆部４４は、接着性材料を含有している。被覆部４４は、被覆部３４と同一組成の材料からなる。 The covering portion 44 covers the core portion 42. The covering portion 44 may cover the entire circumference of the core portion 42, or may cover only a part of the periphery of the core portion 42. The covering portion 44 has a function of adhering the granules 30 and 40 that have absorbed urine during use to form a mass. The covering portion 44 also uses a water-absorbent material as a main material. The definition of the main material of the covering portion 44 is the same as the definition of the main material of the core portion 32. The water-absorbent material contained in the covering portion 44 is also preferably an organic substance. The covering portion 44 contains an adhesive material. The covering portion 44 is made of a material having the same composition as the covering portion 34.
　図４は、本発明による排泄物処理材の製造装置の一実施形態を示す構成図である。製造装置１は、上述の排泄物処理材６を製造する装置であって、造粒機１０、及び被覆機２０を備えている。 FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing an embodiment of an apparatus for producing an excrement treatment material according to the present invention. The manufacturing apparatus 1 is an apparatus for manufacturing the above-mentioned excrement treatment material 6, and includes a granulator 10 and a covering machine 20.
　図５及び図６は、それぞれ、造粒機１０を示す平面図及び底面図である。また、図７は、図５のVII－VII線に沿った端面図である。造粒機１０は、被造粒材料（芯部３２，４２を構成する材料）を押出造粒することにより、複数の造粒物（芯部３２，４２）を形成する押出造粒機である。造粒機１０は、ダイス１２、ローラー１４及びカッター１６を有している。ダイス１２には、被造粒材料を通過させる複数の貫通孔１３が設けられている。なお、以下の記述において「複数の貫通孔１３」は、別段の断りがない限り、ダイス１２に設けられた全ての貫通孔１３を指すものとする。各貫通孔１３の断面（ダイス１２の厚み方向に垂直な断面）の形状は、円形である。また、ダイス１２の厚み方向について、各貫通孔１３の径は一定である。すなわち、各貫通孔１３は、円筒状をしている。複数の貫通孔１３は、ダイス１２の略全面にわたって点在している。 5 and 6 are a plan view and a bottom view showing the granulator 10 respectively. Further, FIG. 7 is an end view taken along the line VII-VII of FIG. The granulator 10 is an extrusion granulator that forms a plurality of granulated products (core portions 32, 42) by extruding and granulating the granulated material (material constituting the core portions 32, 42). .. The granulator 10 has a die 12, a roller 14, and a cutter 16. The die 12 is provided with a plurality of through holes 13 through which the material to be granulated passes. In the following description, "plurality of through holes 13" refers to all through holes 13 provided in the die 12 unless otherwise specified. The shape of the cross section of each through hole 13 (the cross section perpendicular to the thickness direction of the die 12) is circular. Further, the diameter of each through hole 13 is constant in the thickness direction of the die 12. That is, each through hole 13 has a cylindrical shape. The plurality of through holes 13 are scattered over substantially the entire surface of the die 12.
　ダイス１２の表面（被造粒材料の入口側の面）側には、ローラー１４が設けられている。ローラー１４の中心軸は、ダイス１２の径方向に延びている。本実施形態においては、複数（具体的には４つ）のローラー１４が設けられている。各ローラー１４の一端は、ダイス１２の表面の中心部に位置する回転軸１５に連結されている。これらのローラー１４は、回転軸１５の周りに公転しながら、被造粒材料を各貫通孔１３に押し込む。各ローラー１４は、その中心軸の周りに自転しつつ、回転軸１５の周りに公転する。ローラー１４は、ダイス１２に設けられた全ての貫通孔１３上を通過することが可能である。 A roller 14 is provided on the surface of the die 12 (the surface on the inlet side of the granulated material). The central axis of the roller 14 extends in the radial direction of the die 12. In this embodiment, a plurality of (specifically, four) rollers 14 are provided. One end of each roller 14 is connected to a rotating shaft 15 located at the center of the surface of the die 12. These rollers 14 push the granulated material into each through hole 13 while revolving around the rotation shaft 15. Each roller 14 revolves around a rotating shaft 15 while rotating around its central axis. The roller 14 can pass over all the through holes 13 provided in the die 12.
　図７からわかるように、ローラー１４の径は、不均一である。具体的には、ローラー１４は、径ｄ１（第１の径）を有する部分１４ａ（第１の部分）と、径ｄ２（第２の径）を有する部分１４ｂ（第２の部分）とを含んでいる。径ｄ２は、径ｄ１よりも大きい。それゆえ、部分１４ｂとダイス１２との間隔は、部分１４ａとダイス１２との間隔よりも小さい。径ｄ１と径ｄ２との差は、６ｍｍ以上であることが好ましく、１０ｍｍ以上であることがより好ましい。本実施形態においては、部分１４ａが部分１４ｂの外側（回転軸１５から遠い側）に位置している。各部分１４ａ，１４ｂは、円柱状をしている。部分１４ａの中心軸と部分１４ｂの中心軸とは、同一の直線状に存在する。 As can be seen from FIG. 7, the diameter of the roller 14 is non-uniform. Specifically, the roller 14 includes a portion 14a (first portion) having a diameter d1 (first diameter) and a portion 14b (second portion) having a diameter d2 (second diameter). I'm out. The diameter d2 is larger than the diameter d1. Therefore, the distance between the portion 14b and the die 12 is smaller than the distance between the portion 14a and the die 12. The difference between the diameter d1 and the diameter d2 is preferably 6 mm or more, and more preferably 10 mm or more. In the present embodiment, the portion 14a is located on the outside of the portion 14b (the side far from the rotation axis 15). Each portion 14a and 14b has a columnar shape. The central axis of the portion 14a and the central axis of the portion 14b exist in the same linear shape.
　部分１４ａ及び部分１４ｂは、何れも平面視（図５参照）でダイス１２の有効領域１２ａに重なる。ここで、有効領域１２ａとは、図８に示すように、平面視で、貫通孔１３を１つも含まない最大の円Ｃ１と全ての貫通孔１３を含む最小の円Ｃ２とで囲まれたドーナツ状の領域をいう。円Ｃ１及び円Ｃ２の中心は、ダイス１２の中心に一致する。円Ｃ１は、中心に最も近い貫通孔１３の一部さえも含まない。一方、円Ｃ２は、中心から最も遠い貫通孔１３の全体を含む。このようにローラー１４は、平面視で有効領域１２ａに重なる部分において、不均一な径を有している。 Both the portion 14a and the portion 14b overlap the effective region 12a of the die 12 in a plan view (see FIG. 5). Here, as shown in FIG. 8, the effective region 12a is a donut surrounded by a maximum circle C1 containing no through holes 13 and a minimum circle C2 including all through holes 13 in a plan view. It refers to a shaped area. The centers of circles C1 and C2 coincide with the center of the dice 12. The circle C1 does not even include a part of the through hole 13 closest to the center. On the other hand, the circle C2 includes the entire through hole 13 farthest from the center. As described above, the roller 14 has a non-uniform diameter in the portion overlapping the effective region 12a in a plan view.
　複数の貫通孔１３は、貫通孔１３ａ（第１の貫通孔）、及び貫通孔１３ｂ（第２の貫通孔）を含んでいる。貫通孔１３ａ及び貫通孔１３ｂは、それぞれ、平面視でローラー１４の部分１４ａ及び部分１４ｂに重なる。すなわち、ローラー１４が回転軸１５の周りに１回公転するときに、部分１４ａが通過する領域の直下に存在する貫通孔１３が貫通孔１３ａであり、部分１４ｂが通過する領域の直下に存在する貫通孔１３が貫通孔１３ｂである。貫通孔１３ｂの径は、貫通孔１３ａの径に等しい。 The plurality of through holes 13 include a through hole 13a (first through hole) and a through hole 13b (second through hole). The through hole 13a and the through hole 13b overlap the portion 14a and the portion 14b of the roller 14 in a plan view, respectively. That is, when the roller 14 revolves once around the rotation shaft 15, the through hole 13 existing directly under the region through which the portion 14a passes is the through hole 13a, and exists directly under the region through which the portion 14b passes. The through hole 13 is a through hole 13b. The diameter of the through hole 13b is equal to the diameter of the through hole 13a.
　本実施形態において複数の貫通孔１３は、貫通孔１３ａ及び貫通孔１３ｂのみからなる。ダイス１２に設けられた貫通孔１３ｂの個数は、ダイス１２に設けられた貫通孔１３ａ及び貫通孔１３ｂの個数の合計の３０％以上７０％以下であることが好ましく、４０％以上６０％以下であることがより好ましい。 In the present embodiment, the plurality of through holes 13 are composed of only the through holes 13a and the through holes 13b. The number of through holes 13b provided in the die 12 is preferably 30% or more and 70% or less, preferably 40% or more and 60% or less of the total number of through holes 13a and through holes 13b provided in the die 12. It is more preferable to have.
　ダイス１２の裏面側（被造粒材料の出口側の面）には、カッター１６が設けられている。カッター１６は、ダイス１２の裏面の中心部からダイス１２の径方向に延びている。このカッター１６は、ダイス１２の裏面に沿って回転しながら、各貫通孔１３から押し出された被造粒材料を切断する。詳細には、カッター１６は、ダイス１２の裏面に平行な面内で、ダイス１２の中心部を軸として回転運動をする。なお、カッター１６は、上述のローラー１４とは独立して回転できるように構成されている。カッター１６は、ダイス１２に設けられた全ての貫通孔１３上を通過することが可能である。 A cutter 16 is provided on the back surface side of the die 12 (the surface on the outlet side of the granulation material to be granulated). The cutter 16 extends radially from the center of the back surface of the die 12. The cutter 16 cuts the granulated material extruded from each through hole 13 while rotating along the back surface of the die 12. Specifically, the cutter 16 rotates about the center of the die 12 in a plane parallel to the back surface of the die 12. The cutter 16 is configured to be able to rotate independently of the roller 14 described above. The cutter 16 can pass over all the through holes 13 provided in the die 12.
　図４に戻って、被覆機２０は、造粒機１０により形成された各造粒物（芯部３２，４２）を粉体状の被覆材料（被覆部３４，４４を構成する材料）で被覆するものである。被覆機２０は、図９に示すように、ドラム２２（容器）を有している。ドラム２２は、略円筒状をしており、回転可能に設けられている。具体的には、ドラム２２は、その中心軸周りに回転可能である。ドラム２２の中心軸は、水平である。ドラム２２には、造粒機１０により形成された複数の芯部３２，４２が収容される。被覆機２０は、これらの芯部３２，４２が収容されたドラム２２を回転させながら、各芯部３２，４２の周囲に被覆材料を付着させる。 Returning to FIG. 4, the coating machine 20 covers each granulated material (core portions 32, 42) formed by the granulation machine 10 with a powder-like coating material (material constituting the coating portions 34, 44). It is something to do. As shown in FIG. 9, the covering machine 20 has a drum 22 (container). The drum 22 has a substantially cylindrical shape and is rotatably provided. Specifically, the drum 22 is rotatable about its central axis. The central axis of the drum 22 is horizontal. The drum 22 accommodates a plurality of core portions 32, 42 formed by the granulator 10. The covering machine 20 attaches the covering material to the periphery of each of the core portions 32, 42 while rotating the drum 22 in which the core portions 32, 42 are housed.
　続いて、製造装置１の動作と併せて、本発明による排泄物処理材の製造方法の一実施形態を説明する。この製造方法は、造粒工程及び被覆工程を含むものである。造粒工程は、造粒機１０を用いて被造粒材料を押出造粒することにより、芯部３２，４２を形成する工程である。なお、造粒に先立って、被造粒材料には、粉砕、混練、加水等の前処理が必要に応じて行われる。 Subsequently, an embodiment of the method for manufacturing the excrement treatment material according to the present invention will be described together with the operation of the manufacturing apparatus 1. This manufacturing method includes a granulation step and a coating step. The granulation step is a step of forming the core portions 32 and 42 by extruding and granulating the material to be granulated using the granulator 10. Prior to granulation, the granulated material is subjected to pretreatment such as pulverization, kneading, and water addition as necessary.
　造粒工程においては、図１０に示すように、ダイス１２の表面側に供給された被造粒材料Ｍ１が、ダイス１２の表面上を転動するローラー１４によって貫通孔１３に押し込まれる。貫通孔１３に押し込まれた被造粒材料Ｍ１は、ダイス１２の裏面側に押し出される。被造粒材料Ｍ１が押し出される際、ダイス１２の裏面側では、カッター１６が回転し続けている。これにより、貫通孔１３から押し出された被造粒材料Ｍ１は、図１１に示すように、カッター１６によって切断される。このようにして切断された部分が、造粒物（芯部３２，４２）となる。 In the granulation step, as shown in FIG. 10, the granulated material M1 supplied to the surface side of the die 12 is pushed into the through hole 13 by the roller 14 rolling on the surface of the die 12. The granulated material M1 pushed into the through hole 13 is pushed out to the back surface side of the die 12. When the granulation material M1 is extruded, the cutter 16 continues to rotate on the back surface side of the die 12. As a result, the granulated material M1 extruded from the through hole 13 is cut by the cutter 16 as shown in FIG. The portion cut in this way becomes a granulated product (core portions 32, 42).
　被覆工程は、造粒工程において形成された各造粒物を被覆材料で被覆する工程である。被覆工程においては、造粒工程において形成された芯部３２，４２をドラム２２（図９参照）内に収容した後、ドラム２２を回転させながら、各芯部３２，４２の周囲に被覆材料を付着させる。被覆材料の付着は、例えば、散布又は噴霧により行うことができる。これにより、被覆部３４，４４が形成される。その後、篩分け、乾燥等の後処理が必要に応じて行われる。以上により、粒状体３０と粒状体４０とが混在した排泄物処理材６が得られる。 The coating step is a step of coating each granulated product formed in the granulation step with a coating material. In the coating step, after the core portions 32 and 42 formed in the granulation step are housed in the drum 22 (see FIG. 9), the coating material is applied around the core portions 32 and 42 while rotating the drum 22. Attach. Adhesion of the coating material can be performed, for example, by spraying or spraying. As a result, the covering portions 34 and 44 are formed. After that, post-treatment such as sieving and drying is performed as necessary. As a result, the excrement treatment material 6 in which the granules 30 and the granules 40 are mixed can be obtained.
　本実施形態の効果を説明する。本実施形態においては、径が不均一なローラー１４を有する造粒機１０が用いられる。このため、押出造粒時、ローラー１４の径が比較的小さい部分１４ａでは被造粒材料に比較的低い圧力が加わり、ローラーの径が比較的大きい部分１４ｂでは被造粒材料に比較的高い圧力が加わる。ローラー１４の径が小さい程、ローラー１４とダイス１２との間隔が大きくなり、ローラー１４が被造粒材料を貫通孔１３に押し込む力が弱くなるためである。これにより、部分１４ａによって貫通孔１３（貫通孔１３ａ）に押し込まれた被造粒材料からは吸水率が比較的大きい造粒物（芯部３２）が得られ、部分１４ｂによって貫通孔１３（貫通孔１３ｂ）に押し込まれた被造粒材料からは吸水率が比較的小さい造粒物（芯部４２）が得られる。造粒時の圧力が高いと、造粒物の表面や内部の隙間が小さくなり、当該造粒物内に水分が取り込まれにくくなるからである。 The effect of this embodiment will be explained. In this embodiment, a granulator 10 having a roller 14 having a non-uniform diameter is used. Therefore, during extrusion granulation, a relatively low pressure is applied to the granulated material at the portion 14a where the diameter of the roller 14 is relatively small, and a relatively high pressure is applied to the granulated material at the portion 14b where the diameter of the roller is relatively large. Is added. This is because the smaller the diameter of the roller 14, the larger the distance between the roller 14 and the die 12, and the weaker the force of the roller 14 to push the granulated material into the through hole 13. As a result, a granulated material (core portion 32) having a relatively large water absorption rate can be obtained from the granulated material pushed into the through hole 13 (through hole 13a) by the portion 14a, and the through hole 13 (penetration through) 13 is obtained by the portion 14b. From the granulated material pushed into the holes 13b), a granulated product (core portion 42) having a relatively small water absorption rate can be obtained. This is because when the pressure during granulation is high, the gaps on the surface and inside of the granulated product become small, and it becomes difficult for water to be taken into the granulated product.
　このように芯部４２（粒状体４０）の吸水率を小さくすることにより、製造後の排泄物処理材６においては、粒状体４０に吸収されない尿の割合が増えるため、排泄された尿がトイレの下方に導かれやすくなる。このため、粒状体３０のみが形成される場合に比して、尿をトイレの深さ方向に広く分散させることができる。尿を深さ方向に分散させることは、排泄物処理材６の上面付近に留まる尿の割合を減らすことにつながる。したがって、尿から発生した悪臭がトイレの外に放出されるのを抑制することができる。 By reducing the water absorption rate of the core portion 42 (granular body 40) in this way, the proportion of urine that is not absorbed by the granular material 40 increases in the excrement treatment material 6 after production, so that the excreted urine is used in the toilet. It becomes easy to be guided to the bottom of. Therefore, urine can be widely dispersed in the depth direction of the toilet as compared with the case where only the granules 30 are formed. Dispersing the urine in the depth direction leads to a reduction in the proportion of urine staying near the upper surface of the excrement treatment material 6. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the malodor generated from urine from being released to the outside of the toilet.
　また、本実施形態においては、吸水率が比較的大きい粒状体３０と吸水率が比較的小さい粒状体４０とを別々に形成しなくても、両者が混在した排泄物処理材６を得ることができる。これに対し、均一な径を有する一般的なローラーを用いる場合、吸水率が異なる粒状体が混在した排泄物処理材を得るには、吸水率が比較的大きい粒状体と吸水率が比較的小さい粒状体とを別々に形成した上で、両者を混合する工程を実行する必要がある。そのため、製造工程が複雑化してしまうという問題がある。この点、本実施形態によれば、吸水率が異なる造粒物（芯部３２，４２）を１つのローラー１４を用いて同時に形成することができる。それゆえ、２種類の粒状体３０，４０を別々に形成する必要もなければ、両者を混合する工程を実行する必要もない。このため、製造工程の複雑化を招くことなく、粒状体３０と粒状体４０とが混在した排泄物処理材６を得ることができるという利点がある。 Further, in the present embodiment, it is possible to obtain the excrement treatment material 6 in which the granules 30 having a relatively large water absorption rate and the granules 40 having a relatively low water absorption rate are mixed separately without being formed separately. can. On the other hand, when a general roller having a uniform diameter is used, in order to obtain an excrement treatment material in which granules having different water absorption rates are mixed, the granules having a relatively large water absorption rate and the water absorption rate are relatively small. It is necessary to perform the step of forming the granules separately and then mixing the two. Therefore, there is a problem that the manufacturing process becomes complicated. In this respect, according to the present embodiment, granulated products (core portions 32, 42) having different water absorption rates can be simultaneously formed by using one roller 14. Therefore, it is not necessary to separately form the two types of granules 30 and 40, and it is not necessary to carry out the step of mixing the two. Therefore, there is an advantage that the excrement treatment material 6 in which the granules 30 and the granules 40 are mixed can be obtained without complicating the manufacturing process.
　粒状体３０及び粒状体４０は、何れも吸水性を有している。このように粒状体３０及び粒状体４０の双方に吸水型の粒状体を用いることにより、粒状体３０又は粒状体４０の何れか一方に非吸水型の粒状体を用いた場合に比して、排泄物処理材６全体としての吸水力を高めることができる。これにより、粒状体３０及び粒状体４０の何れにも吸収されずに尿がトイレ内に溜まってしまう事態を起こりにくくすることができる。 Both the granular material 30 and the granular material 40 have water absorption. By using the water-absorbing type granules for both the granules 30 and 40 in this way, as compared with the case where the non-water-absorbing type granules are used for either the granules 30 or the granules 40. The water absorption capacity of the excrement treatment material 6 as a whole can be enhanced. As a result, it is possible to prevent a situation in which urine accumulates in the toilet without being absorbed by either the granules 30 or the granules 40.
　ローラー１４の部分１４ａの径と部分１４ｂの径との差を大きくした方が、粒状体４０の吸水率を粒状体３０の吸水率に対して充分に小さくしやすくなる。かかる観点から、部分１４ａの径と部分１４ｂの径との差は、６ｍｍ以上であることが好ましく、１０ｍｍ以上であることがより好ましい。他方、差が大きすぎると、部分１４ａが被造粒材料を貫通孔１３に押し込む力が不足し、芯部３２の形成に支障が生じかねない。かかる観点から、部分１４ａの径と部分１４ｂの径との差は、３０ｍｍ以下であることが好ましい。 Increasing the difference between the diameter of the portion 14a and the diameter of the portion 14b of the roller 14 makes it easier to make the water absorption rate of the granular material 40 sufficiently smaller than the water absorption rate of the granular material 30. From this point of view, the difference between the diameter of the portion 14a and the diameter of the portion 14b is preferably 6 mm or more, and more preferably 10 mm or more. On the other hand, if the difference is too large, the force of the portion 14a to push the granulated material into the through hole 13 is insufficient, which may hinder the formation of the core portion 32. From this point of view, the difference between the diameter of the portion 14a and the diameter of the portion 14b is preferably 30 mm or less.
　尿をトイレの下方に導きやすくするには、排泄物処理材６全体に占める粒状体４０の割合が多い方が有利である。かかる観点から、貫通孔１３ｂの個数は、貫通孔１３ａ及び貫通孔１３ｂの個数の合計の３０％以上であることが好ましく、４０％以上であることがより好ましい。他方、粒状体４０の割合が多すぎると、粒状体３０による尿の吸収が不充分となりかねない。かかる観点から、貫通孔１３ｂの個数は、貫通孔１３ａ及び貫通孔１３ｂの個数の合計の７０％以下であることが好ましく、６０％以下であることがより好ましい。 In order to easily guide urine to the lower part of the toilet, it is advantageous that the proportion of the granular material 40 in the entire excrement treatment material 6 is large. From this point of view, the number of through holes 13b is preferably 30% or more, more preferably 40% or more of the total number of through holes 13a and through holes 13b. On the other hand, if the proportion of the granules 40 is too large, the absorption of urine by the granules 30 may be insufficient. From this point of view, the number of through holes 13b is preferably 70% or less, and more preferably 60% or less of the total number of through holes 13a and through holes 13b.
　複数の貫通孔１３は、貫通孔１３ａ及び貫通孔１３ｂのみからなる。このように２種類の貫通孔１３ａ，１３ｂに限ることにより、ローラー１４ひいては製造装置１の構造を徒に複雑化させることなく、吸水率が異なる粒状体３０，４０が混在した排泄物処理材６を得ることができる。 The plurality of through holes 13 are composed of only the through holes 13a and the through holes 13b. By limiting to the two types of through holes 13a and 13b in this way, the excrement treatment material 6 in which the granules 30 and 40 having different water absorption rates are mixed without unnecessarily complicating the structure of the roller 14 and the manufacturing apparatus 1. Can be obtained.
　ところで、貫通孔１３の径が小さい程、被造粒材料に加わる圧力が高くなる。それゆえ、貫通孔１３ａの径と貫通孔１３ｂの径とが異なる場合、その径の違いも、造粒時の圧力差（貫通孔１３ａを通過する被造粒材料に加わる圧力と貫通孔１３ｂを通過する被造粒材料に加わる圧力との差）に影響を与える。この点、本実施形態においては、貫通孔１３ｂの径が貫通孔１３ａの径に等しい。この場合、貫通孔１３の径（貫通孔１３ａと貫通孔１３ｂとの径の差）は造粒時の圧力差に影響を与えないため、圧力差のコントロールが容易になる。すなわち、圧力差に影響を与える因子がローラー１４の径（部分１４ａと部分１４ｂとの径の差）に絞られるため、貫通孔１３の径及びローラー１４の径の双方が因子になる場合に比して、容易に圧力差をコントロールすることができる。 By the way, the smaller the diameter of the through hole 13, the higher the pressure applied to the granulation material. Therefore, when the diameter of the through hole 13a and the diameter of the through hole 13b are different, the difference in the diameter is also the pressure difference at the time of granulation (the pressure applied to the granulated material passing through the through hole 13a and the through hole 13b. It affects the difference from the pressure applied to the passing granulation material). In this respect, in the present embodiment, the diameter of the through hole 13b is equal to the diameter of the through hole 13a. In this case, since the diameter of the through hole 13 (difference in diameter between the through hole 13a and the through hole 13b) does not affect the pressure difference at the time of granulation, the pressure difference can be easily controlled. That is, since the factor that affects the pressure difference is narrowed down to the diameter of the roller 14 (the difference in diameter between the portion 14a and the portion 14b), it is compared with the case where both the diameter of the through hole 13 and the diameter of the roller 14 are factors. Therefore, the pressure difference can be easily controlled.
　粒状体３０及び粒状体４０の双方に被覆部（被覆部３４，４４）が設けられている。これにより、使用済みの粒状体３０，４０間で被覆部どうしの結合が得られるため、粒状体３０又は粒状体４０の一方にしか被覆部が設けられていない場合に比して、粒状体３０，４０の固まりを安定的に形成することができる。 Coverings (covers 34, 44) are provided on both the granules 30 and 40. As a result, a bond between the coated portions can be obtained between the used granules 30 and 40, so that the granular body 30 is compared with the case where the coated portion is provided on only one of the granular body 30 or the granular body 40. , 40 can be stably formed.
　被覆の際、芯部３２，４２が収容されたドラム２２を回転させながら、各芯部３２，４２の周囲に被覆材料を付着させている。これにより、各芯部３２，４２の周囲全体に被覆材料を万遍なく付着させることができる。また、ドラム２２の回転により、芯部３２，４２が撹拌されるため、製造後の排泄物処理材６における粒状体３０（粒状体４０）の偏在を小さくすることができる。 At the time of coating, the coating material is adhered to the periphery of each core portion 32, 42 while rotating the drum 22 containing the core portions 32, 42. As a result, the covering material can be evenly adhered to the entire circumference of each of the core portions 32 and 42. Further, since the core portions 32 and 42 are agitated by the rotation of the drum 22, the uneven distribution of the granules 30 (granular bodies 40) in the excrement treatment material 6 after production can be reduced.
　芯部３２及び芯部４２が接着性材料を含有していない場合、接着性材料の使用量を節約し、排泄物処理材６の製造コストを削減することができる。 When the core portion 32 and the core portion 42 do not contain the adhesive material, the amount of the adhesive material used can be saved and the manufacturing cost of the excrement treatment material 6 can be reduced.
　芯部３２及び被覆部３４が有機物を主材料とする場合、焼却処分に適した粒状体３０を得ることができる。同様に、芯部４２及び被覆部４４が有機物を主材料とする場合、焼却処分に適した粒状体４０を得ることができる。このように粒状体３０，４０が焼却処分に適していれば、使用済みの排泄物処理材６を可燃ゴミとして捨てることもできるため、ユーザにとっての利便性が向上する。 When the core portion 32 and the covering portion 34 are mainly made of an organic substance, a granular material 30 suitable for incineration can be obtained. Similarly, when the core portion 42 and the covering portion 44 use an organic substance as a main material, a granular material 40 suitable for incineration can be obtained. If the granules 30 and 40 are suitable for incineration as described above, the used excrement treatment material 6 can be discarded as combustible waste, which improves convenience for the user.
　本発明は、上記実施形態に限定されるものではなく、様々な変形が可能である。上記実施形態においては、貫通孔１３ｂの径が貫通孔１３ａの径に等しい場合を例示した。しかし、貫通孔１３ｂの径は、貫通孔１３ａの径より小さくてもよい。貫通孔１３ｂの径が小さくなる程、貫通孔１３ｂを通過する被造粒材料に加わる圧力が高くなる。このため、粒状体４０の吸水率を一層小さくすることができる。 The present invention is not limited to the above embodiment, and various modifications are possible. In the above embodiment, the case where the diameter of the through hole 13b is equal to the diameter of the through hole 13a is illustrated. However, the diameter of the through hole 13b may be smaller than the diameter of the through hole 13a. The smaller the diameter of the through hole 13b, the higher the pressure applied to the granulated material passing through the through hole 13b. Therefore, the water absorption rate of the granular material 40 can be further reduced.
　上記実施形態においては、貫通孔１３の断面形状が円形である場合を例示した。しかし、貫通孔１３の断面形状は、任意であり、例えば、楕円形、多角形等であってもよい。貫通孔１３の断面形状が円形でない場合、貫通孔１３の径は、当該断面を内包し得る最小の円の直径として定義される。 In the above embodiment, the case where the cross-sectional shape of the through hole 13 is circular is exemplified. However, the cross-sectional shape of the through hole 13 is arbitrary, and may be, for example, an ellipse, a polygon, or the like. If the cross-sectional shape of the through-hole 13 is not circular, the diameter of the through-hole 13 is defined as the diameter of the smallest circle that can enclose the cross-section.
　上記実施形態においては、ダイス１２の厚み方向について各貫通孔１３の径が一定である場合を例示した。しかし、各貫通孔１３の径は、一定でなくてもよい。例えば、各貫通孔１３の径は、ダイス１２の表面から裏面に向かうにつれて次第に小さくなってもよい。このように各貫通孔１３の径が一定でない場合、貫通孔１３ａの径と貫通孔１３ｂの径との大小関係は、ダイス１２の裏面における貫通孔１３ａの径と貫通孔１３ｂの径とを比較することにより判定するものとする。 In the above embodiment, the case where the diameter of each through hole 13 is constant in the thickness direction of the die 12 is illustrated. However, the diameter of each through hole 13 does not have to be constant. For example, the diameter of each through hole 13 may gradually decrease from the front surface to the back surface of the die 12. When the diameter of each through hole 13 is not constant as described above, the magnitude relationship between the diameter of the through hole 13a and the diameter of the through hole 13b is compared with the diameter of the through hole 13a and the diameter of the through hole 13b on the back surface of the die 12. It shall be judged by doing.
　上記実施形態においては、比較的小さい径ｄ１を有する部分１４ａが比較的大きい径ｄ２を有する部分１４ｂの外側に位置する場合を例示した。しかし、例えば図１２に示すように、部分１４ａは、部分１４ｂの内側（回転軸１５に近い側）に位置してもよい。 In the above embodiment, the case where the portion 14a having a relatively small diameter d1 is located outside the portion 14b having a relatively large diameter d2 is illustrated. However, as shown in FIG. 12, for example, the portion 14a may be located inside the portion 14b (the side closer to the rotation axis 15).
　上記実施形態においては、複数の貫通孔１３が貫通孔１３ａ及び貫通孔１３ｂのみからなる場合を例示した。しかし、複数の貫通孔１３は、例えば図１３及び図１４に示すように、３種類以上の貫通孔からなってもよい。これらの図において複数の貫通孔１３は、貫通孔１３ａ及び貫通孔１３ｂに加えて、貫通孔１３ｃ（第３の貫通孔）を含んでいる。貫通孔１３ｃは、平面視でローラー１４の部分１４ｃ（第３の部分）に重なる。部分１４ｃは、部分１４ｂの径ｄ２よりも大きい径ｄ３を有する部分である。すなわち、本例においてローラー１４は、部分１４ａ及び部分１４ｂに加えて、部分１４ｃを含んでいる。図１３においては、部分１４ｃの外側に部分１４ｂが位置するとともに、部分１４ｂの外側に部分１４ａが位置している。一方、図１４においては、部分１４ａの外側に部分１４ｂが位置するとともに、部分１４ｂの外側に部分１４ｃが位置している。 In the above embodiment, the case where the plurality of through holes 13 are composed of only the through holes 13a and the through holes 13b is exemplified. However, the plurality of through holes 13 may be composed of three or more types of through holes, for example, as shown in FIGS. 13 and 14. In these figures, the plurality of through holes 13 include the through holes 13c (third through holes) in addition to the through holes 13a and the through holes 13b. The through hole 13c overlaps the portion 14c (third portion) of the roller 14 in a plan view. The portion 14c is a portion having a diameter d3 larger than the diameter d2 of the portion 14b. That is, in this example, the roller 14 includes a portion 14c in addition to the portion 14a and the portion 14b. In FIG. 13, the portion 14b is located outside the portion 14c, and the portion 14a is located outside the portion 14b. On the other hand, in FIG. 14, the portion 14b is located outside the portion 14a, and the portion 14c is located outside the portion 14b.
　上記実施形態においては、造粒機１０にカッター１６が設けられた場合を例示した。しかし、造粒機１０には、カッター１６が設けられていなくてもよい。その場合、カッター１６以外の公知の手段によって、各貫通孔１３から押し出された被造粒材料を切断すればよい。 In the above embodiment, the case where the cutter 16 is provided in the granulator 10 is illustrated. However, the granulator 10 may not be provided with the cutter 16. In that case, the granulated material extruded from each through hole 13 may be cut by a known means other than the cutter 16.
　上記実施形態においては、粒状体３０が、芯部３２及び被覆部３４からなる複層構造を有する場合を例示した。しかし、被覆部３４を設けることは必須でない。すなわち、粒状体３０は、芯部３２のみからなる単層構造を有していてもよい。その場合、芯部３２に接着性材料が含有されることが好ましい。粒状体４０についても同様である。被覆部３４，４４を設けない場合、被覆機２０は不要であり、被覆工程も実行されない。 In the above embodiment, the case where the granular body 30 has a multi-layer structure including a core portion 32 and a covering portion 34 is exemplified. However, it is not essential to provide the covering portion 34. That is, the granular body 30 may have a single-layer structure consisting of only the core portion 32. In that case, it is preferable that the core portion 32 contains an adhesive material. The same applies to the granular material 40. If the covering portions 34 and 44 are not provided, the covering machine 20 is unnecessary and the covering step is not executed.
１　製造装置
６　排泄物処理材
１０　造粒機（押出造粒機）
１２　ダイス
１２ａ　有効領域
１３　貫通孔
１３ａ　貫通孔（第１の貫通孔）
１３ｂ　貫通孔（第２の貫通孔）
１３ｃ　貫通孔（第３の貫通孔）
１４　ローラー
１４ａ　部分（第１の部分）
１４ｂ　部分（第２の部分）
１４ｃ　部分（第３の部分）
１５　回転軸
１６　カッター
２０　被覆機
２２　ドラム（容器）
３０　粒状体
３２　芯部（造粒物）
３４　被覆部
４０　粒状体
４２　芯部（造粒物）
４４　被覆部
９０　排泄物処理材
９２　粒状体
９４　トイレ
９６　尿
Ｍ１　被造粒材料 1 Manufacturing equipment 6 Excrement treatment material 10 Granulator (extrusion granulator)
12 Dice 12a Effective region 13 Through hole 13a Through hole (first through hole)
13b through hole (second through hole)
13c through hole (third through hole)
14 Roller 14a part (first part)
14b part (second part)
14c part (third part)
15 Rotating shaft 16 Cutter 20 Coating machine 22 Drum (container)
30 Granules 32 Core (granulated material)
34 Cover 40 Granules 42 Core (granulated material)
44 Cover 90 Excrement treatment material 92 Granules 94 Toilet 96 Urine M1 Granulation material

Claims (24)

  1. 　吸水性を有する複数の粒状体からなる排泄物処理材を製造する方法であって、
    　押出造粒機を用いて被造粒材料を押出造粒することにより、前記各粒状体を構成する造粒物を形成する造粒工程を含み、
    　前記押出造粒機は、前記被造粒材料を通過させる複数の貫通孔が設けられたダイス、及び前記ダイスの中心軸の周りに公転しながら前記被造粒材料を前記各貫通孔に押し込むローラーを有し、
    　前記ローラーの径は、不均一であることを特徴とする排泄物処理材の製造方法。     A method for producing an excrement treatment material composed of a plurality of water-absorbent granules.
    It includes a granulation step of forming a granulated product constituting each of the granules by extruding and granulating the material to be granulated using an extrusion granulator.
    The extruder is a die provided with a plurality of through holes through which the granulated material is passed, and a roller that pushes the granulated material into each through hole while revolving around the central axis of the die. Have,
    A method for producing an excrement treatment material, wherein the diameter of the roller is non-uniform.
  2. 　請求項１に記載の排泄物処理材の製造方法において、
    　前記ローラーは、第１の径を有する第１の部分と、前記第１の径よりも大きい第２の径を有する第２の部分とを含み、
    　前記複数の貫通孔は、平面視で前記第１の部分に重なる第１の貫通孔と、平面視で前記第２の部分に重なる第２の貫通孔とを含む排泄物処理材の製造方法。     In the method for producing an excrement treatment material according to claim 1,
    The roller comprises a first portion having a first diameter and a second portion having a second diameter larger than the first diameter.
    A method for producing an excrement treatment material, wherein the plurality of through holes include a first through hole that overlaps the first portion in a plan view and a second through hole that overlaps the second portion in a plan view.
  3. 　請求項２に記載の排泄物処理材の製造方法において、
    　前記第１の径と前記第２の径との差は、６ｍｍ以上である排泄物処理材の製造方法。     In the method for producing an excrement treatment material according to claim 2,
    A method for producing an excrement treatment material, wherein the difference between the first diameter and the second diameter is 6 mm or more.
  4. 　請求項３に記載の排泄物処理材の製造方法において、
    　前記第１の径と前記第２の径との差は、１０ｍｍ以上である排泄物処理材の製造方法。     In the method for producing an excrement treatment material according to claim 3,
    A method for producing an excrement treatment material, wherein the difference between the first diameter and the second diameter is 10 mm or more.
  5. 　請求項２乃至４の何れかに記載の排泄物処理材の製造方法において、
    　前記第２の貫通孔の個数は、前記第１及び第２の貫通孔の個数の合計の３０％以上７０％以下である排泄物処理材の製造方法。     In the method for producing an excrement treatment material according to any one of claims 2 to 4.
    The method for producing an excrement treatment material, wherein the number of the second through holes is 30% or more and 70% or less of the total number of the first and second through holes.
  6. 　請求項５に記載の排泄物処理材の製造方法において、
    　前記第２の貫通孔の個数は、前記第１及び第２の貫通孔の個数の合計の４０％以上６０％以下である排泄物処理材の製造方法。     In the method for producing an excrement treatment material according to claim 5.
    A method for producing an excrement treatment material, wherein the number of the second through holes is 40% or more and 60% or less of the total number of the first and second through holes.
  7. 　請求項２乃至６の何れかに記載の排泄物処理材の製造方法において、
    　前記第２の貫通孔の径は、前記第１の貫通孔の径に等しい排泄物処理材の製造方法。     In the method for producing an excrement treatment material according to any one of claims 2 to 6.
    A method for producing an excrement treatment material in which the diameter of the second through hole is equal to the diameter of the first through hole.
  8. 　請求項２乃至６の何れかに記載の排泄物処理材の製造方法において、　
    　前記第２の貫通孔の径は、前記第１の貫通孔の径よりも小さい排泄物処理材の製造方法。     In the method for producing an excrement treatment material according to any one of claims 2 to 6.
    A method for producing an excrement treatment material in which the diameter of the second through hole is smaller than the diameter of the first through hole.
  9. 　請求項２乃至８の何れかに記載の排泄物処理材の製造方法において、
    　前記複数の貫通孔は、前記第１及び第２の貫通孔のみからなる排泄物処理材の製造方法。     In the method for producing an excrement treatment material according to any one of claims 2 to 8.
    The method for producing an excrement treatment material, wherein the plurality of through holes are composed of only the first and second through holes.
  10. 　請求項２乃至８の何れかに記載の排泄物処理材の製造方法において、
    　前記ローラーは、前記第２の径よりも大きい第３の径を有する第３の部分を含み、
    　前記複数の貫通孔は、平面視で前記第３の部分に重なる第３の貫通孔を含む排泄物処理材の製造方法。     In the method for producing an excrement treatment material according to any one of claims 2 to 8.
    The roller comprises a third portion having a third diameter larger than the second diameter.
    A method for producing an excrement treatment material, wherein the plurality of through holes include a third through hole that overlaps with the third portion in a plan view.
  11. 　請求項１乃至１０の何れかに記載の排泄物処理材の製造方法において、
    　前記造粒工程において形成された前記造粒物を被覆材料で被覆する被覆工程を含む排泄物処理材の製造方法。     In the method for producing an excrement treatment material according to any one of claims 1 to 10.
    A method for producing an excrement treatment material, which comprises a coating step of coating the granulated product formed in the granulation step with a coating material.
  12. 　請求項１１に記載の排泄物処理材の製造方法において、
    　前記被覆工程においては、前記造粒工程において形成された前記造粒物が収容された容器を回転させながら、当該造粒物の周囲に前記被覆材料を付着させる排泄物処理材の製造方法。     In the method for producing an excrement treatment material according to claim 11,
    In the coating step, a method for producing an excrement treatment material in which the coating material is adhered around the granulated material while rotating a container in which the granulated material formed in the granulation step is housed.
  13. 　吸水性を有する複数の粒状体からなる排泄物処理材を製造する装置であって、
    　被造粒材料を通過させる複数の貫通孔が設けられたダイス、及び前記ダイスの中心軸の周りに公転しながら前記被造粒材料を前記各貫通孔に押し込むローラーを有し、前記被造粒材料を押出造粒することにより、前記各粒状体を構成する造粒物を形成する押出造粒機を備え、
    　前記ローラーの径は、不均一であることを特徴とする排泄物処理材の製造装置。     A device for producing an excrement treatment material composed of a plurality of water-absorbent granules.
    It has a die provided with a plurality of through holes through which the material to be granulated passes, and a roller that pushes the material to be granulated into each through hole while revolving around the central axis of the die. It is equipped with an extrusion granulator that forms granules constituting each of the granules by extruding and granulating the material.
    An apparatus for producing an excrement treatment material, characterized in that the diameter of the roller is non-uniform.
  14. 　請求項１３に記載の排泄物処理材の製造装置において、
    　前記ローラーは、第１の径を有する第１の部分と、前記第１の径よりも大きい第２の径を有する第２の部分とを含み、
    　前記複数の貫通孔は、平面視で前記第１の部分に重なる第１の貫通孔と、平面視で前記第２の部分に重なる第２の貫通孔とを含む排泄物処理材の製造装置。     In the excrement treatment material manufacturing apparatus according to claim 13,
    The roller comprises a first portion having a first diameter and a second portion having a second diameter larger than the first diameter.
    The plurality of through holes are an apparatus for producing an excrement treatment material, which includes a first through hole that overlaps the first portion in a plan view and a second through hole that overlaps the second portion in a plan view.
  15. 　請求項１４に記載の排泄物処理材の製造装置において、
    　前記第１の径と前記第２の径との差は、６ｍｍ以上である排泄物処理材の製造装置。     In the excrement treatment material manufacturing apparatus according to claim 14,
    The difference between the first diameter and the second diameter is 6 mm or more, which is an apparatus for producing an excrement treatment material.
  16. 　請求項１５に記載の排泄物処理材の製造装置において、
    　前記第１の径と前記第２の径との差は、１０ｍｍ以上である排泄物処理材の製造装置。     In the excrement treatment material manufacturing apparatus according to claim 15,
    A device for producing an excrement treatment material in which the difference between the first diameter and the second diameter is 10 mm or more.
  17. 　請求項１４乃至１６の何れかに記載の排泄物処理材の製造装置において、
    　前記第２の貫通孔の個数は、前記第１及び第２の貫通孔の個数の合計の３０％以上７０％以下である排泄物処理材の製造装置。     In the device for producing an excrement treatment material according to any one of claims 14 to 16.
    The number of the second through holes is 30% or more and 70% or less of the total number of the first and second through holes.
  18. 　請求項１７に記載の排泄物処理材の製造装置において、
    　前記第２の貫通孔の個数は、前記第１及び第２の貫通孔の個数の合計の４０％以上６０％以下である排泄物処理材の製造装置。     In the excrement treatment material manufacturing apparatus according to claim 17.
    The number of the second through holes is 40% or more and 60% or less of the total number of the first and second through holes.
  19. 　請求項１４乃至１８の何れかに記載の排泄物処理材の製造装置において、
    　前記第２の貫通孔の径は、前記第１の貫通孔の径に等しい排泄物処理材の製造装置。     In the device for producing an excrement treatment material according to any one of claims 14 to 18.
    A device for producing an excrement treatment material in which the diameter of the second through hole is equal to the diameter of the first through hole.
  20. 　請求項１４乃至１８の何れかに記載の排泄物処理材の製造装置において、　
    　前記第２の貫通孔の径は、前記第１の貫通孔の径よりも小さい排泄物処理材の製造装置。     In the device for producing an excrement treatment material according to any one of claims 14 to 18.
    A device for producing an excrement treatment material in which the diameter of the second through hole is smaller than the diameter of the first through hole.
  21. 　請求項１４乃至２０の何れかに記載の排泄物処理材の製造装置において、
    　前記複数の貫通孔は、前記第１及び第２の貫通孔のみからなる排泄物処理材の製造装置。     In the excrement treatment material manufacturing apparatus according to any one of claims 14 to 20,
    The plurality of through holes are an apparatus for producing an excrement treatment material, which comprises only the first and second through holes.
  22. 　請求項１４乃至２０の何れかに記載の排泄物処理材の製造装置において、
    　前記ローラーは、前記第２の径よりも大きい第３の径を有する第３の部分を含み、
    　前記複数の貫通孔は、平面視で前記第３の部分に重なる第３の貫通孔を含む排泄物処理材の製造装置。     In the excrement treatment material manufacturing apparatus according to any one of claims 14 to 20,
    The roller comprises a third portion having a third diameter larger than the second diameter.
    The plurality of through holes are an apparatus for producing an excrement treatment material including a third through hole that overlaps with the third portion in a plan view.
  23. 　請求項１３乃至２２の何れかに記載の排泄物処理材の製造装置において、
    　前記押出造粒機により形成された前記造粒物を被覆材料で被覆する被覆機を備える排泄物処理材の製造装置。     In the device for producing an excrement treatment material according to any one of claims 13 to 22
    An apparatus for producing an excrement treatment material, comprising a coating machine for coating the granulated material formed by the extrusion granulator with a coating material.
  24. 　請求項２３に記載の排泄物処理材の製造装置において、
    　前記被覆機は、前記押出造粒機により形成された前記造粒物を収容する容器を有し、当該造粒物が収容された前記容器を回転させながら、当該造粒物の周囲に前記被覆材料を付着させる排泄物処理材の製造装置。     In the excrement treatment material manufacturing apparatus according to claim 23.
    The coating machine has a container for accommodating the granulated material formed by the extruder, and while rotating the container in which the granulated material is contained, the coating is applied around the granulated material. A device for manufacturing excrement treatment materials to which materials are attached.
PCT/JP2021/038371 2020-12-15 2021-10-18 Production method and production device for excrement treatment material WO2022130769A1 (en)

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Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR101276135B1 (en) * 2010-07-21 2013-06-18 김범용 Apparatus for manufacturing pellet
JP2015178094A (en) * 2014-01-09 2015-10-08 セーペーエム エウロペ ベー．フェー．ＣＰＭ Ｅｕｒｏｐｅ Ｂ．Ｖ． Pelletizer having complementary rollers and rollers for pelletizer
JP2018143925A (en) * 2017-03-02 2018-09-20 株式会社大貴 Method and device for producing granule cluster
JP2019187241A (en) * 2018-04-18 2019-10-31 株式会社大貴 Excreta treatment material and manufacturing method thereof

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR101276135B1 (en) * 2010-07-21 2013-06-18 김범용 Apparatus for manufacturing pellet
JP2015178094A (en) * 2014-01-09 2015-10-08 セーペーエム エウロペ ベー．フェー．ＣＰＭ Ｅｕｒｏｐｅ Ｂ．Ｖ． Pelletizer having complementary rollers and rollers for pelletizer
JP2018143925A (en) * 2017-03-02 2018-09-20 株式会社大貴 Method and device for producing granule cluster
JP2019187241A (en) * 2018-04-18 2019-10-31 株式会社大貴 Excreta treatment material and manufacturing method thereof

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