WO2022129924A1 - Procédé de conception d'un vêtement de compression sur mesure, vêtement de compression et programme informatique pour la mise en œuvre de ce procédé - Google Patents

Procédé de conception d'un vêtement de compression sur mesure, vêtement de compression et programme informatique pour la mise en œuvre de ce procédé Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022129924A1
WO2022129924A1 PCT/GB2021/053331 GB2021053331W WO2022129924A1 WO 2022129924 A1 WO2022129924 A1 WO 2022129924A1 GB 2021053331 W GB2021053331 W GB 2021053331W WO 2022129924 A1 WO2022129924 A1 WO 2022129924A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
compression garment
fabric
circumference
course
body part
Prior art date
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PCT/GB2021/053331
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Adam Harwood
Clive GUNTHER
Najmal Hassan Chaudhury
James SOPPER
Original Assignee
Advanced Therapeutic Materials Limited
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Publication date
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Publication of WO2022129924A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022129924A1/fr

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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04B—KNITTING
    • D04B9/00—Circular knitting machines with independently-movable needles
    • D04B9/42—Circular knitting machines with independently-movable needles specially adapted for producing goods of particular configuration
    • D04B9/46—Circular knitting machines with independently-movable needles specially adapted for producing goods of particular configuration stockings, or portions thereof
    • D04B9/52—Circular knitting machines with independently-movable needles specially adapted for producing goods of particular configuration stockings, or portions thereof surgical stockings
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04B—KNITTING
    • D04B1/00—Weft knitting processes for the production of fabrics or articles not dependent on the use of particular machines; Fabrics or articles defined by such processes
    • D04B1/22—Weft knitting processes for the production of fabrics or articles not dependent on the use of particular machines; Fabrics or articles defined by such processes specially adapted for knitting goods of particular configuration
    • D04B1/24—Weft knitting processes for the production of fabrics or articles not dependent on the use of particular machines; Fabrics or articles defined by such processes specially adapted for knitting goods of particular configuration wearing apparel
    • D04B1/26—Weft knitting processes for the production of fabrics or articles not dependent on the use of particular machines; Fabrics or articles defined by such processes specially adapted for knitting goods of particular configuration wearing apparel stockings
    • D04B1/265—Surgical stockings
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A41—WEARING APPAREL
    • A41H—APPLIANCES OR METHODS FOR MAKING CLOTHES, e.g. FOR DRESS-MAKING OR FOR TAILORING, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • A41H3/00—Patterns for cutting-out; Methods of drafting or marking-out such patterns, e.g. on the cloth
    • A41H3/007—Methods of drafting or marking-out patterns using computers
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
    • A61F13/06—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads specially adapted for feet or legs; Corn-pads; Corn-rings
    • A61F13/08—Elastic stockings; for contracting aneurisms
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04B—KNITTING
    • D04B37/00—Auxiliary apparatus or devices for use with knitting machines
    • D04B37/02—Auxiliary apparatus or devices for use with knitting machines with weft knitting machines

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a computer-implemented method of designing a bespoke 5 compression garment.
  • the invention further relates to a method of manufacturing such a compression garment, to a compression garment manufactured by such a method, and to a computer program for carrying out the design method.
  • Compression garments are worn on a person’s or patient’s body part and apply pressure to the body part, typically to improve blood circulation (in particular venous return) therein. This can help to improve or cure a number of different health conditions or may address other medical needs. Compression garments are commonly worn on limbs, for example on the leg and/or foot.
  • compression garments that are designed to envelop at least part of a foot and at least part of the corresponding leg of the wearer.
  • Such compression garments may be termed compression stockings or compression socks. It should be noted, though, that although the exemplary compression 20 garments in the present disclosure are generally illustrated and described as completely covering the wearer’s foot, this need not necessarily be the case. For instance, when worn in use, the compression garment need not necessarily extend to cover the wearer’s toes, and instead may take the form of a sleeve that is open at both ends.
  • Compression garments are conventionally knitted. Knitting, rather than weaving, may be used for compression garments since knitting is suited to cylindrical garments and compression garments are typically cylindrical. As such, knitted compression garments are quicker and more cost effective to manufacture than 30 woven garments and may provide greater comfort than woven garments.
  • a knitted compression garment may typically comprise a plurality of courses or bands of fabric (which may also be referred to herein as “material courses” or “fabric courses”). These have a circumference which, when at rest (i.e. unstretched), is smaller than a circumference of the associated body part. As such, the courses are required to be strained to be worn over the body part, which causes a pressure to be applied on the body part.
  • a compression garment Since people’s legs vary in shape and size from person to person, it is desirable for a compression garment to be customised for a specific wearer, to provide the wearer with a specified pressure configuration along the length of the garment in use, along the wearer’s foot and the part of their leg.
  • a compression garment may be referred to as a bespoke compression garment.
  • the pressure configuration may for example be prescribed by a clinician or healthcare professional, to suit the wearer’s particular health condition or other medical needs.
  • the compression garment provided to the wearer is configured to accurately apply the prescribed pressure configuration. If the pressure which is applied is too great, then this can cause pain or discomfort. If the pressure is too little, then the patient’s blood circulation may not be improved.
  • the region of the leg above the ankle, at the bottom of the calf typically has a relatively small circumference compared with other parts of the leg, and consequently a bespoke compression garment should also have a relatively small circumference in a corresponding position, to apply a desired level of pressure to that part of the leg.
  • This part of the compression garment may be termed the “waist” of the compression garment.
  • the circumference of the foot around the heel and ankle is typically much greater than the small circumference around the leg mentioned above. Consequently, in practice, it can be very difficult for the wearer to pull the waist of the compression garment around their heel and ankle. This is particularly the case with elderly people who may suffer from poor grip or need the assistance of a carer or partner to help them put the compression garment on or take it off. Such difficulties risk the wearer becoming discouraged from using the compression garment. As a consequence, they may stop using the compression garment and thus not obtain the health benefits the compression garment was designed to provide.
  • a computer-implemented method of designing a bespoke compression garment comprising: obtaining a representation of a body part on which the compression garment is to be worn, the body part comprising a foot and at least part of a leg, the foot having an ankle and a heel; obtaining a specified pressure configuration to be applied by the compression garment on the body part; determining, from the representation of the body part, a respective circumference measurement at each of a series of fabric course positions along the body part; determining, from the representation of the body part, a first reference position along the leg, at which position the leg has a relatively small circumference compared with other positions along the leg, and determining a respective first circumference of the leg at the first reference position; determining, from the representation of the body part, a second reference position around the ankle and heel, having a relatively large circumference compared with other positions along the foot, and determining
  • Such a method ensures that the material from which at least the relatively-narrow first region of the compression garment is to be made is able to be pulled around the relatively-broad ankle-and-heel region (the second reference position) of the body part, without requiring an unacceptably high level of force and/or without undergoing an unacceptably high level of strain.
  • the representation of the body part comprises scan data (for example 3D scan data) of the body part.
  • the leg may have its smallest circumference (typically just above the ankle and below the calf).
  • the circumference around the ankle and heel may have a maximum value.
  • the method may further comprise determining, from the representation of the body part, one or more respective radius measurements at each of the series of fabric course positions along the body part.
  • a single average radius measurement may be determined.
  • a plurality of radius measurements may be determined. For instance, this may be done by fitting an arc to a respective portion of the circumference of the body part and determining the radius of said arc.
  • the threshold force may be determined according to the physical strength of the intended wearer of the compression garment.
  • the threshold strain may be determined according to the elastic limit of the respective fabric.
  • the step of selecting a material from which to manufacture at least the first region of the compression garment, from the non-rejected candidate materials may comprise selecting the stiffest non-rejected candidate material.
  • the step of selecting a material from which to manufacture at least the first region of the compression garment, from the non-rejected candidate materials may further comprise: verifying that the stiffest non-rejected candidate material, if used, would not have any courses of stitches that would exceed a threshold strain; and if any courses of stitches would exceed the threshold strain, reverting to another of the non-rejected candidate materials.
  • the step of selecting a material from which to manufacture at least the first region of the compression garment, from the non-rejected candidate materials may comprise selecting a material for which the manufacturing time is less than a threshold value.
  • the selected material from which to manufacture at least the first region of the compression garment is a first material; and the method further comprises selecting a second material from which to manufacture one or more regions of the compression garment other than said first region.
  • the second material may for example be a previously-rejected material.
  • the method may further comprise incorporating a transition zone between a first fabric course to be manufactured from the first material, and a second fabric course to be manufactured from the second material.
  • a third material may be selected from which to manufacture the transition zone.
  • the third material may have a level of stiffness between that of the first material and that of the second material.
  • the transition zone may differ from the first fabric course and the second fabric course in respect of one or more of: the course width; the course height; the number of needles across the course; the number of needles per centimetre; the loop size or knit size.
  • a method according to the first aspect of the invention and manufacturing the compression garment by knitting the selected material(s) in accordance with the generated set of knitting instructions.
  • a compression garment made by the method according to the second aspect of the invention.
  • the garment as produced by the method is different to garments not formed by the method.
  • the garment as produced by the method more accurately conforms to the body part as compared to garments not produced by the method.
  • a computer program comprising instructions which, when the program is executed by a computer processor, cause the computer processor to carry out the method according to the first or second aspect of the invention.
  • Figure 1 illustrates an example of a bespoke compression garment
  • Figure 2 illustrates typical characteristic data in respect of three candidate materials from which the fabric of a bespoke compression garment may be made, showing the relationship between exerted pressure and strain;
  • Figure 3 is a procedural flow diagram to provide an overview of a first embodiment of a method of designing a bespoke compression garment, based around a single candidate material being selected to knit the compressive part of the compression garment (at least);
  • Figure 4 is a more detailed procedural flow diagram in respect of the first embodiment of the method
  • Figure 5 illustrates a body part comprising a foot and at least part of a leg, and showing a series of exemplary corresponding fabric course positions along the body part;
  • Figure 6 illustrates (a) the cross-sectional circumference of the body part in one such fabric course position; and (b) the fitting of a curve to a respective portion of the cross-sectional circumference of the body part to determine the local radius of that portion of the circumference;
  • Figure 7 illustrates a series of steps for determining, from scan data, a point along the front of the leg where the foot transitions to the leg;
  • Figure 8 illustrates a series of steps for determining, from scan data, a point along the back of the leg where the foot transitions from the floor to the heel;
  • Figure 9 illustrates steps for determining, from the determined points in Figures 7 and 8, a circumference around the heel and ankle;
  • Figure 10 illustrates an example of a set of knitting instructions (i.e. a knitting file) for a bespoke compression garment, as produced by the design method
  • Figure 11 is a procedural flow diagram to provide an overview of a second embodiment of a method of designing a bespoke compression garment, based around multiple candidate materials being selected to knit the compressive part of the compression garment (at least).
  • Figure 1 illustrates an example of a bespoke knitted compression garment 10 as may be designed and manufactured using embodiments of the present invention.
  • the knitted compression garment is tubular or substantially tubular in form, and comprises a plurality of fabric courses.
  • each fabric course may be considered to be a band, ring or circle of yam.
  • Adjacent courses or bands of yarn have interconnected or interknitted loops or bights.
  • the fabric courses are flat knitted.
  • the compression garment 10 comprises a toe region 11 , a foot region 12, a heel region 13, a leg region 16 and an open top 17 through which the wearer inserts their foot and leg when putting on the garment. Whilst the toe region 11 and heel region 13 are shown in the illustration as distinct areas, this need not necessarily be the case, and they may instead be a smooth continuation of the foot region 12 and leg region 16.
  • Region 15 may be termed the “waist” of the compression garment, and is a region of relatively small circumference that corresponds to the region of the wearer’s leg, above the ankle, at the bottom of the calf, that typically has a relatively small circumference compared with other parts of the leg.
  • region 14 is a region of relatively large circumference, that corresponds to the circumference of the wearer’s foot, around the heel and ankle (over the bridge of the foot), which is typically much greater than the small circumference around the leg mentioned above.
  • An objective of the present work is to enable the relatively small waist 15 of the compression garment 10 to be pulled over and around the relatively large circumference of the heel and ankle region of the wearer without undue difficulty, but without unduly relinquishing the tight fit of the waist 15 of the compression garment 10 around the corresponding part of the wearer’s leg at the bottom of the calf, above the ankle.
  • Figure 2 illustrates typical characteristic data in respect of three candidate elastic fabric materials (A, B and C) from which the fabric of a compression garment may be made, showing the relationship between exerted pressure (in mmHg) and strain, for a given radius of curvature of the compression garment.
  • Typical compression garments are constructed from both a body yarn (for the purpose of delivering stiffness) and an inlay yam (for the purpose of delivering pressure). While this is not limited, we have found that using a typical inlay yam as the body yam produces suitable stress/strain gradients in the resulting garment. Conventionally, manufacturers have not used inlay yams as body yams as they are unable to produce consistent results due to their typical elasticities. However, we have found that, by using a suitable tension control device (e.g. as described in WO 01/77427 A1 and WO 2005/014903 A2), we are able to use inlay yams as a body yam and knit with consistent results.
  • a suitable tension control device e.g. as described in WO 01/77427 A1 and WO 2005/014903 A2
  • a compression garment When designing a compression garment, it is preferable to have a database of suitable fabrics with gradients below the upper limit to deliver different amounts of pressure for a given radius of curvature. For instance, for a given radius of curvature, one fabric may deliver 30mmHg of pressure at 50% strain, while another may deliver 10mmHg of pressure at the same 50% strain.
  • This embodiment provides a computer-implemented method (algorithm) of designing a bespoke compression garment in which the compressive part (at least) is to be made from a single material, selected from one or more candidate materials that are in contention for use in the garment, and which may be identified in a database of such candidate materials.
  • Figure 3 is a procedural flow diagram 20 which provides an overview of the first embodiment, having principal steps 1 -8 (boxes 21 -28 of the flow diagram), whereas Figure 4 provides a more detailed procedural flow diagram 30 in relation to the same embodiment.
  • the steps which will now be described in detail, may in practice be implemented by a suitably-programmed microprocessor (e.g. forming part of a computer or part of a processing system).
  • a program which, when executed by the microprocessor or computer, causes the microprocessor, computer or system to carry out the method, is also provided by the present disclosure.
  • Step 1 obtaining representation of body part and specified pressure configuration
  • step 1 the system obtains a representation (e.g. 3D scan data) of the body part of the intended wearer of the compression garment, onto which body part the compression garment is to be applied; and also obtains a specified pressure configuration (e.g. as prescribed by a healthcare professional) that is to be applied by the compression garment on the body part when worn.
  • a representation e.g. 3D scan data
  • a specified pressure configuration e.g. as prescribed by a healthcare professional
  • the obtaining of such scan data may be performed by scanning the body part of the intended wearer.
  • data generated by a previously-carried-out scan may be obtained.
  • a representation of the body part may be obtained.
  • the scanning may be undertaken by any appropriate scanning means or scanning setup.
  • the scanning may be carried out by a healthcare professional using a camera, such as that on a portable electronic device such as a tablet, to take images or record video of the body part from multiple angles or perspectives.
  • Scanning software may then transform such images or video into a representation, in other words a model or three-dimensional model, of the body part which comprises a plurality of datapoints or vertices.
  • the representation or model is an electronic or computer implemented representation.
  • the representation comprises the plurality of datapoints.
  • the representation is such that it includes at least part of both the leg and the foot, for example including at least a majority of the foot and at least a majority of the lower leg.
  • the scanning may be done with the patient or user having their legs spaced apart and therefore at an angle to a vertical direction.
  • the representation may be provided by the scanning software with respect to a conventional Cartesian coordinate system.
  • the representation, or a longitudinal extent thereof, which is produced via such scanning may be offset relative to an axis which indicates the vertical direction, typically the z-axis, compared to an in-use arrangement. The rotation of said representation may therefore be necessary and will be better understood hereinbelow.
  • 3D data is not essential to the present invention.
  • individual body part measurements e.g. made by the healthcare professional using a measuring device
  • 3D data may be used instead.
  • the scan or representation may then be provided to a processor or system by the healthcare professional, along with other information such as a desired pressure configuration to be applied by the garment, the colour of the compression garment, and the number of garments.
  • the representation having been produced by scanning a leg and/or foot, may be misoriented and therefore may be a misoriented representation.
  • the representation is in an orientation or at angle relative to the z-axis of the coordinate system which is not representative of the body part when the patient or user is in a typical standing condition.
  • said misoriented representation should be transformed or rotated to a correctly oriented condition, having an orientation relative to said z-axis which is representative of the body part when the patient or user is in a typical standing condition.
  • the representation should be appropriately, and preferably automatically, analysed to determine the location of these areas. This is for the purpose of modelling the likely geometry and orientation of material courses of the garment, when worn on the body part, as representation courses on the representation. This will be understood with reference to the leg and the foot, where it will be appreciated that an axial direction of the material courses of the foot area of the tubular compression stocking will be parallel or substantially parallel or aligned or substantially aligned with a horizontal axis when worn on the body. Contrastingly, an axial direction of the material courses of the leg area of the tubular compression stocking will be parallel or substantially parallel or aligned or substantially aligned with a vertical axis when worn on the body. Therefore, the foot and leg areas of the body should be identified so that representation courses can be appropriately modelled around the relevant body part area. This may be achieved by determining at least one transition point which characterises a transition between leg and foot.
  • the orientation and geometry of the representation courses are preferably set to accurately reflect the material courses of the garment.
  • the axial direction of each of the representation courses of the foot portion should be oriented so as to be horizontal or substantially horizontal.
  • the axial direction of each of the representation courses of the leg portion is orientated so as to be vertical or substantially vertical.
  • representation courses of the leg and foot which are proximate to the heel may be modelled to be non-planar, for example being curved.
  • the geometry of the representation courses should reflect this to accurately model the material courses.
  • an accurate value of circumference of the non-planar or curvate course cannot be calculated given that a non-planar course typically has a greater circumference than a planar course.
  • the method preferably comprises a step of the system dividing the representation into the plurality of representation courses, based on a length of the desired garment and the height or spacing of each course.
  • bands are defined around the representation, the bands having a given height.
  • the garment or representation may be 300 mm in length, and an average or typical course height may be 0.75 mm, resulting in 400 representation courses defined around the representation.
  • the course height may be selected based on the type of material for the yarn, and/or the desired properties of the garment. Other garment lengths and course heights may be considered.
  • Non-planar material courses of a garment when worn on a body part are typically more stretched (longitudinally) at the back, and less stretched or looser at the front.
  • the system or processor preferably adjusts the curved or non-planar representation courses to have a greater course height at or adjacent to the front and a lesser course height at or adjacent to the rear. As such, the course height of the non-planar representation courses may not be uniform.
  • material courses having a greater circumference value may have a lower course height due to manufacturing techniques. So different representation courses may have different course heights depending on the circumference.
  • material courses having a greater circumference value may have a lower course height, it will be appreciated that this may not be the case.
  • a uniform course height may be used providing a given number of courses for a given height of garment.
  • the value of the course height may then be refined and adjusted using an algorithm which predicts the variance of course height due to the manufacturing technique.
  • a set of datapoints for each representation course may be selected by the processor, each set of datapoints being located within the corresponding representation course. In other words, the datapoints which have coordinates within the boundaries defined the representation courses are grouped into sets associated with the relevant representation courses.
  • a spline, and in particular a basis spline or B-spline, function of best fit may be calculated by the system based on the datapoints of each planar set.
  • a spline is presently preferred, it will be appreciated that other curve fitting or curve approximation techniques or functions may be considered. Since the spline is calculated based on the raw datapoints, rather than based on an approximation of the datapoints or based on boundary curves, contours or surfaces which are in turn based on the datapoints, the spline is more representative of the body part.
  • the datapoints Before calculating the spline, the datapoints may be required to be centred around x and y axes. This can be done via calculating the average of the x-axis position value of the datapoints and subtracting it from the x-axis position of each datapoint. The same process is done relative to the y-axis.
  • the datapoints can then be converted to polar coordinates to obtain an angular, or azimuth, value of each datapoint around a centre or origin of the datapoints.
  • the datapoints are then sorted by the angular, or azimuth, value. This is to prevent or limit the datapoints being assigned an incorrect order around the origin when calculating the spline.
  • the B- spline can then be calculated.
  • At least some of the datapoints may have differences in height or z-axis position which require consideration to provide a spline which is representative of the associated material course.
  • the non-planar representation is modelled as two planar portions at an angle to each other, one planar portion may be rotated relative to the other planar portion so as to be coplanar.
  • the portion which is at an angle to the x-y plane is rotated so as to be parallel with the x-y plane. This rotation may be done in a similar or identical way as the rotation of the representation relative to the z-axis as previously described.
  • a B-spline may be calculated as previously described.
  • Step 1 also includes obtaining a pressure profile or pressure configuration that is to be applied by the compression garment on the wearer’s body part when worn.
  • the pressure configuration may be prescribed by a healthcare professional, based on a patient’s requirement.
  • the pressure configuration may be a uniform pressure arrangement, such that the garment is intended to provide a uniform pressure across the garment, or a graduated pressure configuration, such that the garment is intended to apply a higher pressure at one portion of the garment and a decreasing pressure away from this portion; or some other different pressure arrangement.
  • the pressure configuration may be input to the processor or system at the same time as the representation or datapoints are provided to the processor or system.
  • Values of pressure which a garment may apply may be provided in millimetres of mercury (mmHg). Typical clinical values of pressure clinically desirable to apply may be between 10 mmHg and 50 mmHg (1333 Pa and 6666 Pa).
  • Step 2 determining respective circumference measurement at each of a series of fabric course positions along the body part
  • step 2 the system determines, from the representation of the body part, a respective circumference measurement at each of a series of fabric course positions along the body part.
  • Figure 5 shows some examples of fabric course positions P1 -P8 in relation to a foot 50 and a leg 52. In practice, there would typically be many tens or hundreds of individual fabric courses along the length of the compression garment. Only eight fabric course positions are shown in Figure 5, for the sake of illustration.
  • the method further comprises a circumference or perimeter value for each spline circumference being calculated by the system. This may be done via the formula:
  • x' is a first derivative of x for example the first derivative of x with respect to y
  • y' is a first derivative of y for example the first derivative of y with respect to x. It will be appreciated that the x-y plane is transverse across the body part, orthogonal to the longitudinal z-axis.
  • the method may further comprise the step of the system defining a plurality of reference points on or around the circumference of the spline.
  • each spline may have 500 reference points defined thereon.
  • the circumference value of the spline may be used to determine the number of reference points, for example if the circumference value was 100 mm, 100 reference points could be used per 1 mm, or 200 reference points per 0.5 mm.
  • a radius of curvature may be defined at each reference point using the formula: where r r is the radius of curvature at a reference point, x" is a second derivative of x for example the second derivative of x with respect to y, and y' is a second derivative of y with respect to x. Additionally, the splines may be analysed to identify concave and convex areas.
  • Step 2.1 optional determination of multiple radii at each fabric course position
  • a single circumference measurement for each fabric course position may be determined, and from this, a corresponding single average radius value for each fabric course (or for each of a subset of the fabric courses) may be readily derived by assuming that the foot or leg has a circular cross section shape and dividing the circumference measurement by 2K.
  • a higher level of precision in the design of the compression garment enabling us to deliver different specific pressure values at different circumferential positions around any given fabric course, may be achieved by determining (box 34 in Figure 3) a plurality of local radius measurements around any given fabric course. This is illustrated in Figure 6, which shows (a) the cross-sectional circumference of the body part in one such fabric course position (position P3 of Figure 5); and (b) the fitting of a curve A2 to a respective portion X2 of the cross-sectional circumference of the body part to determine the local radius R2 of that portion of the circumference.
  • Figure 6(a) shows the cross-sectional circumference of the foot in position P3 of Figure 5.
  • a plurality of positions X1 -X5 have been allotted by the system around the circumference, in this case in positions where the local radius undergoes a pronounced change.
  • Figure 6(b) is an enlargement around a portion of the circumference, in position X2 of Figure 6(a).
  • the system has fitted an arc A2 (in this case an arc of a circle) to that portion of the circumference. Having done that, the radius R2 of the arc is evaluated, thereby giving the local radius of the circumference in that position.
  • arc A2 in this case an arc of a circle
  • Step 2.2 determining a first reference position of relatively small circumference along the leg; and determining a respective first circumference of the leg at the first reference position
  • the system determines a first reference position of relatively small circumference along the leg, as denoted by RP1 in Figure 5.
  • the first reference position RP1 is preferably the position where the leg has the smallest circumference, just above the ankle and below the calf, corresponding to the previously-identified position P5.
  • a different position for the first reference position may be chosen, but it should nevertheless be a position at which the leg has a relatively small circumference compared with other positions along the leg.
  • a respective first circumference CRPI of the leg in the first reference position RP1 is then determined from the representation (e.g. 3D scan data) of the leg in that position, e.g. using the spline fitting technigue as described above.
  • Step 3 determining a second reference position of relatively large circumference around the ankle and heel; and determining a respective second circumference, around the ankle and heel, at the second reference position
  • step 3 the system determines a second reference position of relatively large circumference around the ankle and heel, as denoted by RP2 in Figure 5.
  • the second reference position RP2 is preferably the position at which the circumference around the ankle and heel has a maximum value, corresponding to the previously-identified position P4.
  • a different position for the second reference position may be chosen, but it should nevertheless be a position having a relatively large circumference compared with other positions along the foot.
  • a respective second circumference CRP2 of the leg in the second reference position RP2 is then determined from the representation (e.g. 3D scan data) of the leg in that position, e.g. using the spline fitting technique as described above.
  • step 3 the calculation of substantially the largest circumference around the foot is achieved by following method, made up of three sub-steps, which will be described with reference to Figures 7, 8 and 9.
  • the first sub-step is to find a reference point RP3 along the front of the leg where the foot transitions to the leg.
  • selection of this reference point RP3 can be difficult as not all legs have the stereotypical gradual slope. (This is especially the case with unhealthy legs.) Instead we need to refine the data points to a smaller subset before looking for a slope. While we could use a variety of rules to refine the data points, the following stages have been most successful for us.
  • Stage (b) has removed many of the points on top of the foot.
  • the desired point is then very close to the height of the top of foot points.
  • the point must be within 3cm of the z minimum value of the slope so a second refinement is performed.
  • the remaining of points should have an x value and a z value that is very close to the desired point.
  • the slope of the remaining points can be used to find the desired reference point RP3. Typically, the average value of the remaining points is most suitable to do this.
  • the second sub-step is to find a reference point RP4 at the back of the foot.
  • the stages to locate this reference point RP4 are similar to those of the of the first sub-step as outlined above, and are as follows: (a) Select all the data points that have a similar y value to the minimum x value. We can refine this initial selection by only selecting an x value that is less than 0 and has a z value less than 5cm.
  • the slope can be used to find the desired point RP4 when the foot starts to transition from the floor to the heel.
  • the method further comprises selecting a candidate material for knitting at least part of the compression garment.
  • the method may also include determining a number of needles for each representation course based on the course pressure of the associated material course, a strain characteristic of the material, and the circumference value of the associated spline.
  • the selection of the candidate material may be from a selection of suitable materials known to the system (e.g. held in a database). Alternatively, there may only be one possible material that is in contention within the system.
  • step 4 for the or each candidate material the system determines a reference strain value at which a respective fabric course knitted from the respective candidate material would provide the specified pressure on the leg at the first reference position RP1 .
  • a reference strain value at which a respective fabric course knitted from the respective candidate material would provide the specified pressure on the leg at the first reference position RP1 .
  • the system determines the amount of strain necessary to deliver the required amount of pressure for each candidate material in the database.
  • a candidate material may be selected based on values or characteristics of a stressstrain curve, or a curve similar to a stress-strain curve, of the material, as illustrated in Figure 2 (these being examples of characteristic data of the respective materials). Whilst described as a stress-strain curve, it will be appreciated that this may in fact be a force-extension curve, or a force-strain curve.
  • One characteristic is the y- intercept of material coefficient, which may be the y-intercept of a tangent to the curve divided by the thickness or cross-sectional area of the material being tested, or twice the thickness of the material being tested if two thicknesses of material are being tested. This may be considered an equipment normalisation stress.
  • the tangent to the curve may be drawn at a linear portion of the curve.
  • An initial portion of the curve is non-linear, after which there is the linear portion to which a tangent is to be drawn.
  • the portion may be nonlinear, and therefore the tangent or tangent equivalent may be a polynomial function.
  • Another characteristic is the gradient material coefficient, which may be equivalent to, similar to or dependent upon the Young’s modulus.
  • the gradient material coefficient may be the gradient of the aforementioned tangent divided by the thickness or cross-sectional area of the material, or twice the thickness of the material being tested if required.
  • a number of needles or wales for each representation course which would achieve the desired course pressure may be calculated based on the material characteristics, the circumference of the associated spline and the radius of curvature values at the reference points of the associated spline.
  • the pressure applied by a course is generally calculated according to the following equation: where p is the pressure applied by the course, y mc is the y-intercept of material coefficient (from a plot as in Figure 2), V mc is the gradient of material coefficient (likewise from a plot as in Figure 2), E is strain of the course, and r is the radius of curvature of the course.
  • the radius of curvature r may be either a single (average) radius for the course, or a local radius of a portion of the circumference of the course, as outlined above.
  • the y-intercept of material coefficient is divided by a first individual radius of curvature value. This is added to the y- intercept of material coefficient divided by a second individual radius of curvature value, and so on until a sum of all of the y-intercept of material coefficient divided by the radius of curvature values of the reference points of a spline is calculated. This sum may be represented by y r .
  • the gradient material coefficient is divided by a first individual radius of curvature value. This is added to the gradient material coefficient divided by a second individual radius of curvature value, and so on until a sum of all of the gradient material coefficient divided individually by the radius of curvature values of the reference points of a spline is calculated. This sum may be represented by V r .
  • the initial equation may then be rearranged to calculate the required strain to achieve the desired pressure of the course as
  • n r is the number of reference points.
  • the calculated strain for each fabric E is then converted into an unstretched garment circumference CO-RPI for the course of the garment that corresponds to the first reference position RP1 using the following equation: _ C RP1 C°- RP1 “ T+7
  • the output of this step is an unstretched garment circumference CO-RPI for each fabric at the smallest leg circumference (reference position RP1 ).
  • the unstretched garment circumference CO-RPI is the unstretched circumference of the respective fabric course in a corresponding first region in the waist of the compression garment that, when stretched to the first circumference CRPI of the leg at the first reference position RP1 as when worn, would adopt the respective reference strain value and thus impart the specified pressure on that part of the leg.
  • Step 5 determine peak force and/or peak strain to stretch fabric course in first region of compression garment around the ankle and heel (the second reference position)
  • step 5 for the or each candidate material the system determines a peak force Fp required to stretch the respective course of fabric in the first region in the waist of the compression garment (i.e. corresponding to the first reference position RP1 when worn) around the ankle and heel at the second reference position RP2, and/or a peak strain E P that the respective course of fabric would adopt when stretched from the first unstretched circumference Co- RPI to the second circumference CRP2.
  • this step models the act of pulling what is essentially the narrowest part of the compression garment over what is essentially the widest part of the foot. More This step evaluates the force required to increase the circumference of the garment to do this, and also the strain that the garment would undergo when doing this.
  • the system may use the following equation: where t is the fabric thickness, n is number of courses in the first region of the compression garment (corresponding to the first reference position, RP1 , of the body part), CO-RPI is the unstretched garment circumference in that position, CRP2 is the second circumference (in the second reference position, RP2, of the body part), V mc is the gradient of material coefficient, and y mc is the y-intercept of material coefficient (from a plot as in Figure 2).
  • Step 6 assess the suitability of the or each candidate material with reference to the determined peak force and/or the determined peak strain
  • step 6 for the or each candidate material the system assesses the suitability of the or each candidate material, by verifying that, for the or each candidate material, the determined peak force Fp does not exceed a respective threshold force FT (box 41 of Figure 4), and/or the determined peak strain E P does not exceed a respective threshold strain E T (box 42 of Figure 4), and rejecting candidate materials for which either one, or both, of these thresholds are exceeded.
  • the threshold force FT may be determined by the system according to the physical strength of the intended wearer of the compression garment. For example, the system may select an appropriate value of the threshold force T from a database or lookup table, based on input factors such as the age, manual dexterity and/or general health of the intended wearer.
  • the threshold strain E T may be determined by the system according to the elastic limit of the respective fabric, which may be stored in a database or lookup table. By operating below the threshold strain, we can be sure that the fabric of the compression garment (in the position of smallest circumference) will not be irreversibly damaged when the compression garment is stretched around the widest part of the ankle and heel.
  • Appropriate values of the threshold force FT may initially be determined based on user trials and/or anthropomorphic data. From the outset, the database should only contain fabrics with a stress/strain gradient below a certain amount (as any fabric above this amount would almost never pass the upper force limit test).
  • the present method inherently takes into account the desired pressure profile and leg shape of the intended wearer, and also the stress/strain gradient of the fabric. Accordingly, from this step, fabrics may be rejected - either entirely, or just in respect of use in the aforementioned first region in the waist of the compression garment - that would be above the threshold force or threshold strain when putting the garment on.
  • Step 7 - select a non-rejected candidate material from which to manufacture compression garment
  • step 7 the system selects, from the candidate material(s) that have not been rejected in step 6, a material from which to manufacture at least the aforementioned first region of the waist of the compression garment, and potentially the entire of the compression garment.
  • this step involves the system selecting the stiffest non-rejected fabric with a suitable strain map that, if used, would not have any courses of stitches that would exceed a threshold strain (that corresponds to the fabric’s elastic limit, or comes within a certain margin of it). Consequently, this may include the system verifying that the stiffest non-rejected candidate material, if used, would not have any courses of stitches that would exceed a threshold strain; and if any courses of stitches would exceed the threshold strain, reverting to another of the non-rejected candidate materials.
  • a suitable strain map that, if used, would not have any courses of stitches that would exceed a threshold strain (that corresponds to the fabric’s elastic limit, or comes within a certain margin of it). Consequently, this may include the system verifying that the stiffest non-rejected candidate material, if used, would not have any courses of stitches that would exceed a threshold strain; and if any courses of stitches would exceed the threshold strain, reverting to another of the non-rejected candidate materials.
  • the fabric material with the steepest stress/strain gradient is preferably selected first, as the optimal fabric choice, because any changes to the leg size while moving will increase the pressure the most. This technique has been found to have good clinical outcomes.
  • the step of selecting the material from which to manufacture at least the first region of the compression garment, from the non-rejected candidate materials may also, or alternatively, comprise the system selecting a material for which the manufacturing time is less than a threshold value.
  • a threshold value As fabrics decrease in stress/strain steepness, the shorter the manufacturing time would be. The system may penalise certain fabrics in the material selection process for any given individual if the garment would take too long to manufacture.
  • Rejected materials may be used elsewhere in the compression garment, in positions other than the aforementioned first region in the waist of the compression garment.
  • Step 8 - generate a set of knitting instructions
  • step 8 the system generates a set of knitting instructions for producing the compression garment (or at least part of it) from the selected material(s) in accordance with the representation of the body part and the specified pressure configuration.
  • a knitting pattern may be produced based on the number of needles for each representation course.
  • An example of such a knitting pattern is represented in Figure 10.
  • the knitting pattern 70 comprises a series of lines adjacent to each other arranged in a top-to-bottom direction. Each line represents a material course which will be knitted, and may be described as a knitting course. The length of each line indicates the number of needles of the respective course. The left-to-right position of each line relative to adjacent lines indicates an offset of the courses. For example, as shown in Figure 10, all of the lines of the knitting are aligned along one side, to the left, and as such a garment knitted to according to the knitting pattern would have all courses aligned along one side. It will be appreciated that such a garment would not have shaping along this side. This may be advantageous for typical patients who have a flat portion on a lower leg, formed by the shin bone.
  • the knitting pattern may have too much variability in the number of needles, which may increase a risk of dropping stiches. In other words, the knitting pattern may be too rough. Consequently, the knitting pattern may be smoothed to reduce or prevent the dropping of stiches.
  • the knitting pattern may be smoothed via the use of a further algorithm, which may, for example, adjust the number of needles of the lines so that each line of the smoothed knitting pattern has at least four adjacent lines having an equal or substantially equal value of needles. At least a portion of the knitting pattern consists of groups of lines of equal or substantially equal value of needles, each group having at least five lines or knitting courses. However, other group numbers may be considered, for example at least two.
  • the knitting pattern may be shaped at both sides of the pattern.
  • a garment produced by such a shaped knitting pattern may be more suited to patients who do not have a flat portion on a lower leg (for example, patients having oedema, obesity or lipoedema).
  • shaping may be required for stockings worn on an upper leg.
  • a stocking may have a lower portion which is not shaped at one side, and an upper portion which is shaped at both sides.
  • Shaping at both sides may be conveniently provided by centre aligning the lines of the knitting profile. This provides symmetrically shaping for the garment.
  • a plane may be defined across the associated representation.
  • the plane extends through the interior of the representation, and is preferably normal to a front-to-back direction of the representation.
  • the proportion of each representation course on one side of the plane may be recorded.
  • the lines of the knitting profile may then be correspondingly aligned about a reference line.
  • each line or knitting course of the knitting profile may have a proportion of the line or knitting course on one side of the reference line which corresponds to the proportion of the associated representation course which was on said side of the plane.
  • the knitting profile is shaped to correspond to the representation.
  • the reference line may be considered to be internal to the knitting profile, rather than at an edge of the knitting profile.
  • a second embodiment of the present invention (a variant of the first embodiment) will now be described with reference to Figure 11 and the procedural flow diagram 80 therein. More particularly, this embodiment provides a computer-implemented method (algorithm) of designing a bespoke compression garment in which the compressive part is to be made from multiple materials, selected from a plurality of candidate materials that are in contention for use in the garment, and which may be identified in a database of such candidate materials.
  • principal steps 1 -7 are substantially the same as those described above in relation to the first embodiment, and as shown in Figure 3 (hence the use of the like reference numerals in Figure 11 ).
  • step 6 involves rejecting candidate materials only in respect of use in the aforementioned first region in the waist of the compression garment, and fully anticipates the possibility of using other fabrics (including materials rejected above) in positions of the compression garment other than the aforementioned first region.
  • step 7 involves selecting, from the non-rejected materials in step 6, a material from which to manufacture the aforementioned first region of the waist of the compression garment, and fully anticipates the possibility of using other fabrics (including materials rejected above) in positions of the compression garment other than the aforementioned first region.
  • the system can incorporate other suitable fabrics (including materials rejected above) from which to make regions of the compression garment other than the aforementioned first region.
  • step 8 the system takes the material identified in step 7, from which to manufacture the aforementioned first region of the waist of the compression garment, and one or more other suitable fabrics from which to make other regions of the compression garment, and calculates how to maintain the required pressure gradient(s) when going between two or more different fabrics.
  • the fabric on the leg may desirably have a higher stiffness than the fabric used in the ankle region.
  • the stiffer fabric will deliver higher levels of pressure on a larger garment size.
  • the two (or more) fabrics could be of significantly different circumferential size. It will be appreciated that connecting two (or more) fabric courses having significantly different circumferential sizes can potentially be problematic in manufacture, or can leave the resulting garment looking disformed. Thus, in step 8 (box 88 of Figure 11 ) the system calculates how to transition between two (or more) adjoining fabric courses.
  • a method to transition between a first fabric course and a second fabric course having different levels of stiffness involves forming a transition zone between the first and second fabric courses, the transition zone using further (intermediate) fabric courses that ease the transition of pressure/stiffness and allow for the garment to be both manufacturable and not ill formed.
  • An example of a transition between two fabric courses would be that a first fabric, “Fabric A”, requires 50 needles to deliver the correct pressure for a respective first course, whereas a second fabric, “Fabric B”, requires 60 needles to deliver the correct pressure for the respective second course.
  • a third fabric, “Fabric C” could be introduced, between the first and second courses, that requires e.g.
  • variants of this embodiment may beneficially use multiple fabrics in the transition between the first fabric and the second fabric.
  • first and second fabrics could be manufactured using the same number of needles but having different circumferential sizes. This could be due to the first and second fabrics each having a unique “needles per centimetre” quality.
  • the first fabric could have one needle corresponding to 0.125 cm (i.e. 8 needles per centimetre), whereas the second fabric could have one needle corresponding to 0.145 cm (i.e. ⁇ 7 needles per centimetre).
  • An implemented may be envisaged where the objective is not to match the number of needles but to have a similar course width, i.e. a smooth shape change rather than a garment that has a jagged edge.
  • either a single intermediate fabric or multiple intermediate fabrics could be used to provide a smooth transition between the first and second fabrics of different sizes or different numbers of needles per centimetre, whilst maintaining a desired pressure gradient.
  • a further implementation could be to prioritise both the number of needles (or number of needles per centimetre) and the course width by selecting one or more transition fabric(s) that represent a middle ground between the two.
  • parameters that may be varied in the transition zone include:
  • steps 6 and 7 Whilst many outcomes from steps 6 and 7 can require a transition zone, in some cases the natural leg shape, pressure profile and fabric choices may be such that no transition zone is required. However, if the variables of the first and second fabrics do not align, a transition zone may be required to ensure the compression garment has a suitable pressure gradient.
  • step 9 box 89 of Figure 11
  • the system generates a set of knitting instructions for producing the compression garment from the selected materials in accordance with the representation of the body part, the specified pressure configuration, and incorporating the above-determined transition zone between first and second constituent materials.
  • This step is similar to step 8 (box 28 of Figure 3; box 44 of Figure 4) of the first embodiment, but with a notable difference being that the knitting instructions will include a reference to the location of the transition zone and a fabric specification for manufacturing the transition zone.
  • the above methods are primarily directed to designing a bespoke compression garment, and therefore the methods may end once the product has been designed.
  • the above methods may however continue to include the manufacture of the compression garment itself.
  • the above methods may further comprise a step of knitting the compression garment based on the or each knitting pattern using the selected material.
  • the bespoke compression garment may be knitted with a knitting machine.
  • the system may export quality information about the processing and quality checks for post-manufacture. Examples of this could include pressure maps, strain maps, transition markers, datapoints or coordinates, or measurements.
  • the system may export key quality checks as a text file or spreadsheet for a knitting facility, with the knitting machine, to check against.
  • the system may also generate the production documents with all the order information and the quality checks.
  • the system may be required to save or store all files, data, maps or other information generated. This could work in a variety of ways.
  • the system could store the files to a cloud location that is accessible by the knitting facility.
  • a more advanced system could include a Graphical User Interface that has a process flow that integrates with an enterprise resource planning system.
  • the system could record the approval of quality checks by the operator and directly instruct the knitting machine.
  • Other version of the system could integrate with an email system to notify the patient or healthcare professional of the order progress.
  • an off- the-shelf garment may be able to provide a sufficient pressure configuration to the patient. This may be the case if a geometry of the body part of the patient and a pressure therefor corresponds closely to that for which an off-the-shelf garment is designed.
  • the system may use a database of pre-existing compression garments having different size data and for applying different pressure configurations to determine whether an off-the-shelf garment may be suitable.
  • a pre-existing compression garment from the database is selected based on matching or substantially matching size data and pressure configuration of the representation to the size data and pressure configuration of the pre-existing compression garment.
  • the pre-existing compression garment may then be ordered and provided to the patient.
  • the healthcare professional may utilise this option if a wait-time for a bespoke manufactured garment is unacceptable.
  • compression garment is described as knitted, it will be appreciated that similar modelling methods and processes may be applied for non-knitted garments, for example woven garments or other garment construction.
  • helically knitted courses may be designed and manufactured using a variant of the present principles. Sections of the helical course may be modelled in a similar or identical way as the representation courses described above.
  • a system may be provided for manufacturing a bespoke knitted compression garment.
  • the system comprises a body part scanner for scanning the body part of the patient and producing the representation, and pressure configuration data, in other words the pressure configuration prescribed by the healthcare professional to be applied to the patient.
  • the system further comprises material data, such as a database of characteristics of at least one material type.
  • a processor or computer may carry out the analysis steps on the representation and produce the knitting pattern.
  • a knitting machine may be required to knit the garment.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Surgery (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Vascular Medicine (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Socks And Pantyhose (AREA)
  • Professional, Industrial, Or Sporting Protective Garments (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé mis en œuvre par ordinateur de conception d'un vêtement de compression sur mesure (52), pour générer un ensemble d'instructions de tricotage pour produire au moins une première région (RP1) du vêtement de compression à partir d'un matériau sélectionné en fonction d'une représentation de la partie de corps et d'une configuration de pression spécifiée (P5), déterminer, pour le tissu respectif tricoté à partir du ou de chaque matériau candidat, une force de crête requise pour étirer le tracé respectif de tissu dans la première région (RP1) du vêtement de compression (52) autour de la cheville et du talon à une seconde position de référence (RP2) et/ou une contrainte de crête que le tracé respectif de tissu adopte lorsqu'il est étiré à partir de la première circonférence non étirée (CRP1) à la seconde circonférence (CRP2) ; le procédé rejetant des matériaux candidats inappropriés pour ladite première région (RP1). Le procédé peut être suivi par la fabrication du vêtement de compression (52) par tricotage conformément à l'ensemble généré d'instructions de tricotage. L'invention concerne également un vêtement de compression (52) fabriqué par le présent procédé et un programme informatique comprenant des instructions qui, lorsque le programme est exécuté par un processeur informatique, amènent le processeur informatique à mettre en œuvre le présent procédé.
PCT/GB2021/053331 2020-12-17 2021-12-16 Procédé de conception d'un vêtement de compression sur mesure, vêtement de compression et programme informatique pour la mise en œuvre de ce procédé WO2022129924A1 (fr)

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GB202404260D0 (en) 2024-03-25 2024-05-08 Advanced Therapeutic Mat Limited Method of generating datapoints representing a body part

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WO2001077427A1 (fr) 2000-04-06 2001-10-18 University Of Manchester Institute Of Science & Technology Systeme de distribution de longueurs de fil precises
WO2005014903A2 (fr) 2003-08-05 2005-02-17 The University Of Manchester Machines a tricoter ameliorees et procedes de tricotage ameliores
WO2005106087A1 (fr) * 2004-05-04 2005-11-10 The University Of Manchester Vetement compressif
WO2008070613A2 (fr) * 2006-12-01 2008-06-12 Albahealth Llc Bas thérapeutique
WO2009133256A1 (fr) * 2008-03-28 2009-11-05 Innothera Topic International Orthèse de compression veineuse élastique à mise en place facilitée
CA3064498A1 (fr) * 2017-05-24 2018-11-29 Bauerfeind Ag Bas de contention

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EP3287107B1 (fr) * 2016-08-22 2020-07-22 Sanko Tekstil Isletmeleri San. Ve Tic. A.S. Vêtement de compression avec des forces de compression multiples et son procédé de fabrication
WO2021050944A1 (fr) * 2019-09-13 2021-03-18 Regent Of The University Of Minnesota Vêtements épousant une forme d'un point de vue topographique

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6158253A (en) * 1999-09-17 2000-12-12 Knit-Rite, Inc. Seamless, form fitting foot sock
WO2001077427A1 (fr) 2000-04-06 2001-10-18 University Of Manchester Institute Of Science & Technology Systeme de distribution de longueurs de fil precises
WO2005014903A2 (fr) 2003-08-05 2005-02-17 The University Of Manchester Machines a tricoter ameliorees et procedes de tricotage ameliores
WO2005106087A1 (fr) * 2004-05-04 2005-11-10 The University Of Manchester Vetement compressif
WO2008070613A2 (fr) * 2006-12-01 2008-06-12 Albahealth Llc Bas thérapeutique
WO2009133256A1 (fr) * 2008-03-28 2009-11-05 Innothera Topic International Orthèse de compression veineuse élastique à mise en place facilitée
CA3064498A1 (fr) * 2017-05-24 2018-11-29 Bauerfeind Ag Bas de contention

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB202404260D0 (en) 2024-03-25 2024-05-08 Advanced Therapeutic Mat Limited Method of generating datapoints representing a body part

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