Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
  • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
  • F28D9/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
  • F28D9/0031—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits for one heat-exchange medium being formed by paired plates touching each other
  • F28D9/0043—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits for one heat-exchange medium being formed by paired plates touching each other the plates having openings therein for circulation of at least one heat-exchange medium from one conduit to another
  • F28D9/005—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits for one heat-exchange medium being formed by paired plates touching each other the plates having openings therein for circulation of at least one heat-exchange medium from one conduit to another the plates having openings therein for both heat-exchange media
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
  • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
  • F28F3/00—Plate-like or laminated elements; Assemblies of plate-like or laminated elements
  • F28F3/02—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations
  • F28F3/04—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations the means being integral with the element
  • F28F3/042—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations the means being integral with the element in the form of local deformations of the element
  • F28F3/046—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations the means being integral with the element in the form of local deformations of the element the deformations being linear, e.g. corrugations
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
  • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
  • F28F3/00—Plate-like or laminated elements; Assemblies of plate-like or laminated elements
  • F28F3/08—Elements constructed for building-up into stacks, e.g. capable of being taken apart for cleaning
  • F28F3/083—Elements constructed for building-up into stacks, e.g. capable of being taken apart for cleaning capable of being taken apart

Definitions

• the invention relates to a heat transfer plate and its design.
• Plate heat exchangers typically consist of two end plates in between which a number of heat transfer plates are arranged aligned in a stack or pack.
• the heat transfer plates of a PHE may be of the same or different types and they may be stacked in different ways.
• the heat transfer plates are stacked with the front side and the back side of one heat transfer plate facing the back side and the front side, respectively, of other heat transfer plates, and every other heat transfer plate turned upside down in relation to the rest of the heat transfer plates.
• this is referred to as the heat transfer plates being “rotated” in relation to each other.
• the heat transfer plates are stacked with the front side and the back side of one heat transfer plate facing the front side and back side, respectively, of other heat transfer plates, and every other heat transfer plate turned upside down in relation to the rest of the heat transfer plates. Typically, this is referred to as the heat transfer plates being “flipped” in relation to each other.
• gaskets are arranged between the heat transfer plates.
• the end plates, and therefore the heat transfer plates, are pressed towards each other by some kind of tightening means, whereby the gaskets seal between the heat transfer plates.
• Parallel flow passages are formed between the heat transfer plates, one passage between each pair of adjacent heat transfer plates.
• Two fluids of initially different temperatures, which are fed to/from the PHE through in lets/outlets, can flow alternately through every second passage for transferring heat from one fluid to the other, which fluids enter/exit the passages through inlet/outlet port holes in the heat transfer plates communicating with the inlets/outlets of the PHE.
• a heat transfer plate comprises two end portions and an intermediate heat transfer portion.
• the end portions comprise the inlet and outlet port holes and distribution areas pressed with a distribution pattern of ridges and valleys.
• the heat transfer portion comprises a heat transfer area pressed with a heat transfer pattern of ridges and valleys.
• the ridges and valleys of the distribution and heat transfer patterns of the heat transfer plate are arranged to contact, in contact areas, the ridges and valleys of distribution and heat transfer patterns of adjacent heat transfer plates in a plate heat exchanger.
• the main task of the distribution areas of the heat transfer plates is to spread a fluid entering the passage across the width of the heat transfer plates before the fluid reaches the heat transfer areas, and to collect the fluid and guide it out of the passage after it has passed the heat transfer areas. On the contrary, the main task of the heat transfer area is heat transfer.
• the distribution pattern normally differs from the heat transfer pattern.
• the distribution pattern may be such that it offers a relatively weak flow resistance and low pressure drop which is typically associated with a more “open” pattern design offering relatively few, but large, elongate contact areas between adjacent heat transfer plates.
• the heat transfer pattern may be such that it offers a relatively strong flow resistance and high pressure drop which is typically associated with a more “dense” pattern design offering more, but smaller, point-shaped contact areas between adjacent heat transfer plates.
• Conventional distribution patterns typically define flow channels across the distribution areas of a heat transfer plate in which channels a fluid should flow when passing the distribution areas.
• Two opposing flow channels of two adjacent heat transfer plates in a plate heat exchanger form a flow tunnel.
• a relatively uniform spread of the fluid across the plate is essential for a high heat transfer capacity of the plate.
• a uniform fluid spread typically requires that essentially the same amount of fluid is fed through each of the flow channels.
• the flow channels are normally of different lengths and since the fluid typically strives to take the shortest way when passing the distribution areas, there may be a fluid leakage between the flow channels resulting in an uneven fluid spread across the plate.
• An object of the present invention is to provide a heat transfer plate which at least partly solves the above discussed problem of prior art.
• the basic concept of the invention is to locally, where the distribution area of the heat transfer plate is most prone to fluid leakage between flow channels, adjust the design of the distribution area to reduce the risk of fluid leakage and thereby the risk of an uneven fluid spread across the plate.
• the heat transfer plate which is also referred to herein as just “plate”, for achieving the object above is defined in the appended claims and discussed below.
• a heat transfer plate comprises an upper end portion, a center portion and a lower end portion arranged in succession along a longitudinal center axis of the heat transfer plate.
• the upper end portion comprises a first and a second port hole and an upper distribution area provided with an upper distribution pattern.
• the lower end portion comprises a third and a fourth port hole and a lower distribution area provided with a lower distribution pattern.
• the center portion comprises a heat transfer area provided with a heat transfer pattern differing from the upper and lower distribution patterns.
• the upper end portion adjoins the center portion along an upper border line and the lower end portion adjoins the center portion along a lower border line.
• the upper distribution pattern comprises upper distribution ridges and upper distribution valleys, which may be elongate.
• a respective top portion of the upper distribution ridges extends in an imaginary upper plane and a respective bottom portion of the upper distribution valleys extends in an imaginary lower plane.
• the upper and lower planes define, in a thickness direction, an extreme extension of the heat transfer plate within the upper distribution area.
• the upper distribution ridges longitudinally extend along a plurality of separated imaginary upper ridge lines extending from the upper border line towards the first port hole.
• the upper distribution valleys longitudinally extend along a plurality of separated imaginary upper valley lines extending from the upper border line towards the second port hole.
• the imaginary upper ridge lines cross the imaginary upper valley lines in a plurality of upper cross points. In a plurality of the upper cross points the heat transfer plate extends in an imaginary first intermediate plane extending between the upper and lower planes.
• the heat transfer plate is characterized in that the heat transfer plate, in a number of first upper cross points of the upper cross points arranged on one side of the longitudinal center axis, extends above the first intermediate plane. Further, in a number of second upper cross points of the upper cross points arranged on another side of the longitudinal center axis, the heat transfer plate extends below the first intermediate plane.
• extreme extension is meant an extension beyond which something, or more particularly a center of something, does not extend.
• the upper and lower planes may or may not be extreme planes of the complete heat transfer plate.
• first upper cross points > 1 and the number of second upper cross points > 1 The number of first upper cross points and the number of second upper cross points may, or may not, be the same.
• the ridges and valleys of the heat transfer plate are ridges and valleys when a front side of the heat transfer plate is viewed.
• a ridge as seen from the front side of the plate is a valley as seen from an opposing back side of the plate
• what is a valley as seen from the front side of the plate is a ridge as seen from the back side of the plate, and vice versa.
• plurality is meant more than one.
• the upper and lower planes may be parallel to each other. Further, the first intermediate plane may be parallel to one or both of the upper and lower planes.
• the upper ridge lines define flow channels through the upper distribution area on a front side of the heat transfer plate while the upper valley lines define flow channels through the upper distribution area on an opposite back side of the heat transfer plate.
• a proper fluid distribution across the heat transfer plate typically requires an essentially equal fluid flow through the flow channels.
• leakage between the flow channels may prevent this.
• the extension of the heat transfer plate can be locally raised between adjacent ones of the upper distribution ridges arranged along one and the same of the imaginary upper ridge lines, and locally lowered between adjacent ones of the upper distribution valleys arranged along one and the same of the imaginary upper valley lines to locally ’’close” the corresponding flow channels. Thereby, leakage between adjacent flow channels may be reduced or prevented.
• first and second cross points By having the first and second cross points arranged on different sides of the longitudinal center axis, local ’’closing” can be achieved where needed the most, i.e. where lekage is most likely to occur, on the front as well as the back side of the heat transfer plate. Also, even flows may be achieved on the front and back sides of the heat transfer plate. Further, such a configuration may enable a pack of plates, which are designed according to the present invention, being ’’flipped” as well as ’’rotated” in relation to each other.
• the heat transfer plate may be so designed that said first cross points are arranged on the same side of the longitudinal center axis as the second port hole, and the second cross points are arranged on the same side of the longitudinal center axis as the first port hole.
• the heat transfer plate may, in said first upper cross points, extend in the upper plane and, in said second upper cross points, extend in the lower plane.
• At least one of said first upper cross points may be arranged along a second top upper ridge line of the upper ridge lines, which second top upper ridge line is arranged second closest, of the upper ridge lines, to the second port hole.
• the second top upper ridge line is typically the one of the upper ridge lines along which fluid leakage is most likely to occur.
• the heat transfer plate may be so designed that more of said first upper cross points are arranged along the second top upper ridge line than along any of the other upper ridge lines.
• the second top upper ridge line is the upper ridge line along which the largest number of first upper cross points is arranged.
• the second top upper ridge line is typically the second longest one of the upper ridge lines.
• the first upper cross points may be arranged along the x>1 longest ones of the upper ridge lines arranged on an inside of a first top upper ridge line of the upper ridge lines, which first top upper ridge line is arranged closest, of the upper ridge lines, to the second port hole. Further, at least one of said first upper cross points may be arranged along each one of said x longest ones of the upper ridge lines.
• the second longest one of the upper ridge lines is typically the second top upper ridge line.
• the first upper cross points are arranged along the x longest consecutive upper ridge lines arranged on the inside of the first top upper ridge line, typically including the second top upper ridge line.
• fluid leakage is most likely to occur from a longer flow channel, i.e. along the longer upper ridge lines.
• fluid leakage does normally not occur along the first top upper ridge line since a sealing, such as a gasket, typically is provided on an outside of the first top upper ridge line.
• the heat transfer plate may be so designed that a density of the first upper cross points is increasing in a direction from the second port hole towards the upper border line.
• the first upper cross points are more densly arranged closer to the upper border line than more far away from the upper border line which may be beneficial since leakage between the flow channels is more likely to occur at the end of the flow channels, i.e. close to the upper border line.
• the first upper cross points along one and the same of the upper ridge lines may be the upper cross points arranged closest to the upper border line. Such a design may minimize leakage between the flow channels since leakage, as said above, is more likely to occur at the end of the flow channels, i.e. close to the upper border line.
• the heat transfer plate may be so configured that at least one of said second upper cross points is a mirroring, parallel to the longitudinal center axis of the heat transfer plate, of a respective one of the first upper cross points.
• Such an embodiment may enable an optimization as regards abutment between adjacent plates in a plate pack comprising heat transfer plates according to the present invention.
• the first upper cross points and the second upper cross points together may be a minority of the upper cross points. Thereby, the flow channels may be closed only where required such that an optimized flow distribution across the plate can be achieved.
• the heat transfer plate may be such that the imaginary upper ridge lines and the imaginary upper valley lines form a grid within the upper distribution area.
• the upper distribution valleys and the upper distribution ridges defining each mesh of the grid may enclose an area within which the heat transfer plate may extend in an imaginary second intermediate plane extending between the imaginary upper plane and the imaginary lower plane.
• the upper distribution pattern may be a so-called chocolate pattern which typically is associated with an effective flow distribution across the heat transfer plate.
• the imaginary second intermediate plane may be parallel to the imaginary upper and lower planes. Further, the imaginary second intermediate plane may, or may not, coincide with the imaginary first intermediate plane.
• a mesh may be open or closed.
• a plurality of the upper distribution ridges may be arranged along each one of at least a plurality of the imaginary upper ridge lines. Further, a plurality of the upper distribution valleys may be arranged along each one of at least a plurality of the imaginary upper valley lines. Thereby, a plurality of upper cross points may be arranged along at least a plurality of the imaginary upper ridge and valley lines. This may facilitate the formation of a similar channels on the front and back sides of the heat transfer plate.
• the first and the third port hole are arranged at one and the same side of the longitudinal center axis of the heat transfer plate.
• the lower distribution pattern comprises lower distribution ridges and lower distribution valleys, which may be elongate.
• the lower distribution ridges longitudinally extend along a plurality of separated imaginary lower ridge lines extending from the lower border line towards one of the third and the fourth port holes.
• the lower distribution valleys longitudinally extend along a plurality of separated imaginary lower valley lines extending from the lower border line towards the other one of the third and the fourth port hole.
• the imaginary lower ridge lines cross the imaginary lower valley lines in a plurality of lower cross points.
• first lower cross points of the lower cross points the heat transfer plate extends above the first intermediate plane
• second lower cross points of the lower cross points the heat transfer plate extends below the first intermediate plane.
• At least one of the first and second lower cross points is a mirroring, parallel to a transverse center axis of the heat transfer plate, of a respective one of the upper cross points.
• said one of the third and the fourth port hole may be the third port hole and said other one of the third and the fourth port hole may be the fourth port hole.
• the imaginary lower ridge lines may extend from the lower border line towards the third port hole while the imaginary lower valley lines may extend from the lower border line towards the fourth port hole.
• said first lower cross points may be arranged on said one side of the longitudinal center axis while said second lower cross points may be arranged on said another side of the longitudinal center axis. At least a majority of the first lower cross points may be a mirroring, parallel to the transverse center axis of the heat transfer plate, of a respective one of the first upper cross points.
• a parallel-flow heat exchanger may comprise only one plate type.
• said one of the third and the fourth port hole may be the fourth port hole and said other one of the third and the fourth port hole may be the third port hole.
• the imaginary lower ridge lines may extend from the lower border line towards the fouth port hole while the imaginary lower valley lines may extend from the lower border line towards the third port hole.
• said second lower cross points may be arranged on said one side of the longitudinal center axis while said first lower cross points may be arranged on said another side of the longitudinal center axis. At least a majority of the second lower cross points may be a mirroring, parallel to the transverse center axis of the heat transfer plate, of a respective one of the first upper cross points.
• a diagonalflow heat exchanger may typically comprise more than one plate type.
• the heat transfer plate may be so designed that a plurality of the imaginary upper ridge lines arranged closest to the second port hole, along at least part of their extension, are curved so as to bulge out as seen from the second port hole. This may contribute to an effective flow distribution across the heat transfer plate.
• the upper and lower border lines may be non-straight, i.e. extend non- perpendicularly to the longitudinal center axis of the heat transfer plate. Thereby, the bending strength of the heat transfer plate may be increased as compared to if the upper and lower border lines instead were straight in which case the upper and lower border lines could serve as bending lines of the heat transfer plate.
• the upper and lower border lines may be curved or arched or concave so as to bulge in as seen from the heat transfer area. Such curved upper and lower border lines are longer than corresponding straight upper and lower border lines would be, which results in a larger “outlet” and a larger “inlet” of the distribution areas. In turn, this may contribute to an effective flow distribution across the heat transfer plate.
• Fig. 1 schematically illustrates a plan view of a heat transfer plate
• Fig. 2 illustrates abutting outer edges of adjacent heat transfer plates in a plate pack, as seen from the outside of the plate pack,
• Fig. 3a contains an enlargement of an upper distribution area of the heat transfer plate illustrated in Fig. 1 ,
• Fig. 3b contains an enlargement of a lower distribution area of the heat transfer plate illustrated in Fig. 1 .
• Fig. 4a-h schematically illustrate cross sections through the upper and the lower distribution area of the heat transfer plate illustrated in Fig. 1 .
• Fig. 1 shows a heat transfer plate 2a of a gasketed plate heat exchanger as described by way of introduction.
• the gasketed PHE which is not illustrated in full, comprises a pack of heat transfer plates 2 like the heat transfer plate 2a, i.e. a pack of similar heat transfer plates, separated by gaskets, which also are similar and which are not illustrated.
• a front side 4 illustrated in Fig. 1
• a back side 6 not visible in Fig. 1 but indicated in Fig. 2
• the heat transfer plate 2a is an essentially rectangular sheet of stainless steel.
• the plate 2a further comprises a lower end portion 16, which in turn comprises a third port hole 18, a fourth port hole 20 and a lower distribution area 22.
• the port holes 10, 12, 18 and 20 are illustrated un-cut or closed in Fig. 1 .
• the lower end portion 16 is a mirroring, parallel to a transverse center axis T of the heat transfer plate 2a, of the upper end portion 8.
• the plate 2a further comprises a center portion 24, which in turn comprises a heat transfer area 26, and an outer edge portion 28 extending around the upper and lower end portions 8 and 16 and the center portion 24.
• the upper end portion 8 adjoins the center portion 24 along an upper border line 30 while the lower end portion 16 adjoins the center portion 24 along a lower border line 32.
• the upper and lower border lines 30 and 32 are arched so as to bulge towards each other.
• the upper end portion 8, the center portion 24 and the lower end portion 16 are arranged in succession along a longitudinal center axis L of the plate 2a, which extends perpendicular to the transverse center axis T of the plate 2a.
• the first and third port holes 10 and 18 are arranged on one and the same side of the longitudinal center axis L, while the second and fourth port holes 12 and 20 are arranged on one and the other side of the longitudinal center axis L.
• the heat transfer plate 2a comprises, as seen from the front side 4, a front gasket groove 34 and, as seen from the back side 6, a back gasket groove (not illustrated).
• the front and back gasket grooves are partly aligned with each other and arranged to receive a respective gasket.
• the heat transfer plate 2a is pressed, in a conventional manner, in a pressing tool, to be given a desired structure, more particularly different corrugation patterns within different portions of the heat transfer plate.
• the corrugation patterns are optimized for the specific functions of the respective plate portions.
• the upper distribution area 14 is provided with an upper distribution pattern of so-called chocolate type
• the lower distribution area 22 is provided with a lower distribution pattern of so-called chocolate type
• the heat transfer area 26 is provided with a heat transfer pattern.
• the outer edge portion 28 comprises corrugations 36 which make the outer edge portion stiffer and, thus, the heat transfer plate 2a more resistant to deformation.
• the corrugations 36 form a support structure in that they are arranged to abut corrugations of the adjacent heat transfer plates in the plate pack of the PHE.
• the corrugations 36 extend between and in an imaginary upper plane 38 and an imaginary lower plane 40, which are parallel to the figure plane of Fig. 1 .
• the upper and lower planes 38 and 40 define, in a thickness direction t, an extreme extension of the complete plate 2a.
• An imaginary central extension plane 42 extends half way between the upper and lower planes 38 and 40.
• a respective bottom of the front gasket groove 34 and the back gasket groove extends in the central extension plane 42 but this need not be the case in alternative embodiments.
• the heat transfer pattern is of so-called herringbone type and comprises V-shaped heat transfer ridges 44 and heat transfer valleys 46 alternately arranged along the longitudinal center axis L and extending between and in the upper plane 38 and the lower plane 40.
• the heat transfer ridges and valleys 44 and 46 are symmetrical with respect to the central extension plane 42. Consequently, within the heat transfer area 26, a volume enclosed by the plate 2a and the upper plane 38 is essentially similar to a volume enclosed by the plate 2a and the lower plane 40.
• the heat transfer ridges and valleys 44 and 46 could instead be asymmetrical with respect to the central extension plane 42 so as to provide a volume enclosed by the plate 2a and the upper plane 38 which is different from a volume enclosed by the plate 2a and the lower plane 40.
• the upper and lower distribution area 14 and 22 each comprise a center part 14a and 22a, respectively, and two edge parts 14b & c and 22b & c arranged on opposite sides of the center parts 14a and 22a.
• the edge parts 14b and 22b are arranged on one and the same side of the longitudinal center axis L of the plate 2a while the edge parts 14c and 22c are arranged on one and the same side of the longitudinal center axis L of the plate 2a.
• the boundaries between the center and edge parts are illustrated by the ghost lines 58 in Figs. 3a and 3b.
• the upper and lower distribution patterns within the upper and lower distribution areas 14 and 22 each comprise elongate upper and lower distribution ridges 50u and 50I, respectively, and elongate upper and lower distribution valleys 52u and 52I, respectively.
• the upper and lower distribution ridges 50u, 50I are divided into groups containing a plurality, i.e. two or more, upper or lower distribution ridges 50u, 50I each.
• the upper and lower distribution ridges 50u, 50I of each group are arranged, longitudinally extending, along one of a number of separated imaginary upper and imaginary lower ridge lines 54u and 54I, respectively, of which only a few are illustrated by broken lines in Figs. 3a and 3b.
• the upper and lower distribution valleys 52u, 52I are divided into groups.
• the upper and lower distribution valleys 52u, 52I of each group are arranged, longitudinally extending, along one of a number of separated imaginary upper and lower valley lines 56u and 56I, respectively, of which only a few are illustrated by broken lines in Figs. 3a and 3b.
• the imaginary upper ridge lines 54u extend from the upper border line 30 towards the first port hole 10 while the imaginary upper valley lines 56u extend from the upper border line 30 towards the second port hole 12.
• the imaginary lower ridge lines 54I extend from the lower border line 32 towards the third port hole 18 while the imaginary lower valley lines 56I extend from the lower border line 32 towards the fourth port hole 20.
• the imaginary upper ridge and valley lines 54u and 56u cross each other in a plurality of upper cross points 55 to form an imaginary grid within the upper distribution area 14.
• the upper cross points 55 within the center part 14a and the two edge parts 14b & c of the upper distribution area 14 are denoted 55a, 55b and 55c, respectively.
• the “first upper cross points” correspond to the upper cross points 55c of the edge part 14c of the upper distribution area 14
• the “second upper cross points” correspond to the upper cross points 55b of the edge part 14b of the upper distribution area 14.
• the imaginary lower ridge and valley lines 54I and 56I cross each other in a plurality of lower cross points 57 to form an imaginary grid within the lower distribution area 22.
• the lower cross points 57 within the center part 22a and the two edge parts 22b & c of the lower distribution area are denoted 57a, 57b and 57c, respectively.
• the “first lower cross points” correspond to the lower cross points 57c of the edge part 22c of the lower distribution area 22
• the “second lower cross points” correspond to the lower cross points 57b of the edge part 22b of the lower distribution area 22.
• the upper and lower distribution ridges and distribution valleys 50u, 50I, 52u and 52I defining each mesh of the grids enclose a respective area 62 (Fig. 1 ).
• the meshes along the upper and lower border lines 30 and 32 are open while the rest of the meshes are closed.
• Figs. 4a-4h schematically illustrate cross sections of the upper and lower distribution areas 14 and 22.
• Fig. 4a shows cross sections of the plate between two adjacent ones of the imaginary upper valley lines 56u or between two adjacent ones of the imaginary lower valley lines 56I
• Fig. 4b shows cross sections of the plate between two adjacent ones of the imaginary upper ridge lines 54u or between two adjacent ones of the imaginary lower ridge lines 54I
• Fig. 4c shows cross sections of the plate along one of the imaginary upper ridge lines 54u within the center part 14a of the upper distribution area 14, or along one of the imaginary lower ridge lines 54I within the center part 22a of the lower distribution area 22.
• Fig. 4a-4h schematically illustrate cross sections of the upper and lower distribution areas 14 and 22.
• FIG. 4d shows cross sections of the plate along one of the imaginary upper valley lines 56u within the center part 14a of the upper distribution area 14, or along one of the imaginary lower valley lines 56I within the center part 22a of the lower distribution area 22.
• Fig. 4e shows cross sections of the plate along one of the imaginary upper ridge lines 54u within the edge part 14b of the upper distribution area 14, or along one of the imaginary lower ridge lines 54I within the edge part 22b of the lower distribution area 22.
• Fig. 4f shows cross sections of the plate along one of the imaginary upper valley lines 56u within the edge part 14b of the upper distribution area 14, or along one of the imaginary lower valley lines 56I within the edge part 22b of the lower distribution area 22.
• FIG. 4g shows cross sections of the plate along one of the imaginary upper ridge lines 54u within the edge part 14c of the upper distribution area 14, or along one of the imaginary lower ridge lines 54I within the edge part 22c of the lower distribution area 22.
• Fig. 4h shows cross sections of the plate along one of the imaginary upper valley lines 56u within the edge part 14c of the upper distribution area 14, or along one of the imaginary lower valley lines 56I within the edge part 22c of the lower distribution area 22.
• a respective top portion 50ut and 50lt of the upper and lower distribution ridges 50u and 50I extends in the upper plane 38 and a respective bottom portion 52ub and 52 lb of the upper and lower distribution valleys 52u and 52I extends in the lower plane 40.
• the heat transfer plate 2a extends in an imaginary second intermediate plane 63.
• the heat transfer plate 2a extends in an imaginary first intermediate plane 41 .
• the imaginary first intermediate plane 41 and second intermediate plane 63 coincide with the central extension plane 42.
• the first and second intermediate planes 41 and 63 could instead be displaced from the central extension plane 42.
• the heat transfer plate 2a extends in the imaginary upper plane 38.
• the heat transfer plate 2a extends in the imaginary lower plane 40.
• the heat transfer plate extends in the central extension plane 42.
• the heat transfer plate instead extends in the upper plane 38.
• the heat transfer plate instead extends in the lower plane 40.
• the longest one of the imaginary upper ridge lines 54u which is the imaginary upper ridge line arranged closest, of the upper ridge lines 54u, to the second port hole 12, is hereinafter referred to as the first top upper ridge line 54TR1 .
• the second longest one of the imaginary upper ridge lines 54u which is the imaginary upper ridge line arranged second closest, of the upper ridge lines 54u, to the second port hole 12, is hereinafter referred to as the second top upper ridge line 54TR2.
• the third longest one of the imaginary upper ridge lines 54u which is the imaginary upper ridge line arranged third closest, of the upper ridge lines 54u, to the second port hole 12, is hereinafter referred to as the third top upper ridge line.
• the two upper cross points 55 along the second top upper ridge line 54TR2 arranged closest to the upper border line 30 are upper cross points 55c.
• the upper cross point 55 along the third top upper ridge line arranged closest to the upper border line 30 is an upper cross point 55c.
• the upper cross points 55c are gathered close to the upper border line 30.
• the upper cross points arranged on one side of the longitudinal center axis L of the heat transfer plate are mirrorings, parallel to the longitudinal center axis L, of the upper cross points arranged on the other side of the longitudinal center axis L.
• each of the three second upper cross points 55b is a mirroring, parallel to the longitudinal center axis L, of a respective one of the three first upper cross points 55c.
• the lower end portion 16 is a mirroring, parallel to the transverse center axis T of the heat transfer plate 2a, of the upper end portion 8.
• the plate 2a is arranged between the plates 2b and 2c.
• the plates 2b and 2c may be arranged either ’’flipped” or ’’rotated” in relation to the plate 2a.
• the front side 4 and back side 6 of plate 2a face the front side 4 of plate 2b and the back side 6 of plate 2c, respectively.
• the ridges of plate 2a will abut the ridges of plate 2b while the valleys of plate 2a will abut the valleys of plate 2c.
• the heat transfer ridges 44 and heat transfer valleys 46 of the plate 2a will abut, in pointlike contact areas, the heat transfer ridges 44 of the plate 2b and the heat transfer valleys 46 of the plate 2c, respectively.
• the upper and lower distribution ridges 50u and 50I of the plate 2a will abut, in elongate contact areas, the lower and upper distribution ridges 50I and 50u, respectively, of the plate 2b, while the upper and lower distribution valleys 52u and 52I of the plate 2a will abut, in elongate contact areas, the lower and upper distribution valleys 52I and 52u, respectively, of the plate 2c.
• the plate 2a will, in its upper cross points 55c and its lower cross points 57c, be aligned with and abut the plate 2b in its lower cross points 57c and its upper cross points 55c, respectively.
• the plate 2a will, in its upper cross points 55b and its lower cross points 57b, be aligned with and abut the plate 2c in its lower cross points 57b and its upper cross points 55b, respectively.
• the flow or distribution channels of the plates will be aligned so as to form distribution flow tunnels between the distribution areas of the plates.
• the longest distribution flow tunnels will, close to the upper and lower border lines be closed so as to prevent leakage between tunnels, which will improve the flow distribution across the plates.
• the front side 4 and back side 6 of plate 2a face the back side 6 of plate 2b and the front side 4 of plate 2c, respectively.
• the ridges of plate 2a will abut the valleys of plate 2b while the valleys of plate 2a will abut the ridges of plate 2c.
• the heat transfer ridges 44 and heat transfer valleys 46 of the plate 2a will abut, in pointlike contact areas, the heat transfer valleys 46 of the plate 2b and the heat transfer ridges 44 of the plate 2c, respectively.
• the upper and lower distribution ridges 50u and 50I of the plate 2a will abut, in elongate contact areas, the lower and upper distribution valleys 52I and 52u, respectively, of the plate 2b, while the upper and lower distribution valleys 52u and 52I of the plate 2a will abut, in elongate contact areas, the lower and upper distribution ridges 50I and 50u, respectively, of the plate 2c.
• the plate 2a will, in its upper cross points 55c and its lower cross points 57c, be aligned with and abut the plate 2b in its lower cross points 57b and its upper cross points 55b, respectively.
• the plate 2a will, in its upper cross points 55b and its lower cross points 57b, be aligned with and abut the plate 2c in its lower cross points 57c and its upper cross points 55c, respectively.
• the above described heat transfer plate 2a illustrated in Figs. 1 and 3a- 3b is of parallel flow type which means that the inlet and outlet port holes for a first fluid are arranged on one side of the longitudinal center axis L of the heat transfer plate, while the inlet and outlet port holes for a second fluid are arranged on another side of the longitudinal center axis L of the heat transfer plate.
• all plates may, but need not, be similar.
• the heat transfer plate is of diagonal flow type which means that the inlet and outlet port holes for a first fluid are arranged on opposite sides of the longitudinal center axis L of the heat transfer plate, and the inlet and outlet port holes for a second fluid are arranged on opposite sides of the longitudinal center axis L of the heat transfer plate.
• a plate pack of plates of diagonal flow type typically comprises at least two different types of plates.
• a heat transfer plate 2d (schematically illustrated in Fig. 2) of diagonal flow type according to one embodiment of the invention is designed as described above except for as regards the lower distribution area 22. More particularly, in the lower distribution area 22 the imaginary lower ridge lines 54I extend from the lower border line 32 towards the fourth port hole 20 while the imaginary lower valley lines 56I extend from the lower border line 32 towards the third port hole 18.
• the edge part 22b of the lower distribution area 22 is arranged on one and the same side of the longitudinal center axis L of the plate 2d as the edge part 14c of the upper distribution area 14, while the edge part 22c of the lower distribution area 22 is arranged on one and the same side of the longitudinal center axis L of the plate 2d as the edge part 14b of the upper distribution area 14.
• the three lower cross points 57b, in which the heat transfer plate 2d extends in the lower plane 40, are arranged on one and the same side of the longitudinal center axis L as the three upper cross points 55c, while the three lower cross points 57c, in which the heat transfer plate extends in the upper plane 38, are arranged on one and the same side of the longitudinal center axis L as the three upper cross points 55b.
• each of the lower cross points 57b is a mirroring, parallel to the transverse center axis T of the heat transfer plate 2d, of a respective one of the first upper cross points 55c, while each of the lower cross points 57c is a mirroring, parallel to the transverse center axis T of the heat transfer plate 2d, of a respective one of the first upper cross points 55b.
• the lower distribution area 22 of the plate 2d is designed like the lower distribution area 22 of the plate 2a.
• the plate 2d is arranged between the plates 2b and 2c.
• the plates 2b and 2c which are of the same type, are designed like the plate 2d, except for within the upper and lower distribution areas. More particularly, the upper and lower distribution areas of the plates 2b and 2c are mirrorings, parallel to longitudinal center axes of the plates, of the upper and lower distribution areas of the plate 2d.
• the plates 2b and 2c may be arranged either ’’flipped” or ’’rotated” in relation to the plate 2d so as to achieve the mutual plate abutment described above.
• the heat transfer plate extends in the imaginary upper plane 38 in the upper cross points 55c and the lower cross points 57c, and in the imaginary lower plane 40 in the upper cross points 55b and the lower cross points 57b.
• the heat transfer plate could instead, in the upper cross points 55c and the lower cross points 57c, extend in an imaginary plane arranged between the central extension plane 42 and the upper plane 38, and in the upper cross points 55b and the lower cross points 57b, extend in an imaginary plane arranged between the central extension plane 42 and the lower plane 40. Thereby, partly closed flow channels would be formed.
• each set of the upper and lower cross points 55b, 55c, 57b and 57c are arranged along two respective adjacent ones of the imaginary upper or lower ridge or valley lines.
• each set of the upper and lower cross points 55b, 55c, 57b and 57c could instead be arranged along a respective single one, or along more than two respective adjacent ones, of the imaginary upper or lower ridge or valley lines.
• each set of the upper and lower cross points 55b, 55c, 57b and 57c could be arranged along two or more respective non-adjacent ones of the imaginary upper or lower ridge or valley lines.
• the upper and lower cross points 55b, 55c, 57b and 57c need not be arranged along the second, third, etc. longest ones of the imaginary ridge and valley lines but could instead be arranged along shorter ones of the imaginary ridge and valley lines.
• the upper and lower cross points 55b, 55c, 57b and 57c need not be the upper and lower cross points arranged closest to the upper and lower border lines but could be upper and lower cross points arranged further away from the upper and lower border lines.
• the heat transfer area may comprise other heat transfer patterns than the one described above.
• the upper and lower distribution patterns need not be of chocolate type but may have other designs.
• the plate illustrated in the figures is so designed that the longer imaginary upper and lower ridge and valley lines are partly curved while the shorter imaginary upper and lower ridge and valley lines are straight. This need not be the case. Instead, the imaginary upper and lower, ridge and valley lines could all be straight, or all be (possibly partly) curved. Further, the upper and lower border lines need not be curved but could have other forms. For example, they could be straight or zig-zag shaped.
• the heat transfer plate could additionally comprise a transition band, like the ones described in EP 2957851 , EP 2728292 or EP 1899671 , between the heat transfer and distribution areas. Such a plate may be ’’rotatable” but not ’’flippable”.
• the present invention is not limited to gasketed plate heat exchangers but could also be used in welded, semi-welded, brazed and fusion-bonded plate heat exchangers.
• the heat transfer plate need not be rectangular but may have other shapes, such as essentially rectangular with rounded corners instead of right corners, circular or oval.
• the heat transfer plate need not be made of stainless steel but could be of other materials, such as titanium or aluminium. It should be stressed that the attributes front, back, upper, lower, first, second, etc. is used herein just to distinguish between details and not to express any kind of orientation or mutual order between the details.

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• 2020
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