WO2022127677A1 - 悬浮显示装置以及包括其的多层显示设备 - Google Patents

悬浮显示装置以及包括其的多层显示设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022127677A1
WO2022127677A1 PCT/CN2021/136697 CN2021136697W WO2022127677A1 WO 2022127677 A1 WO2022127677 A1 WO 2022127677A1 CN 2021136697 W CN2021136697 W CN 2021136697W WO 2022127677 A1 WO2022127677 A1 WO 2022127677A1
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Prior art keywords
light
image
display device
dimensional
concave mirror
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Ceased
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PCT/CN2021/136697
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English (en)
French (fr)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
牛磊
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Shanghai Yupei Photoelectric Technology Ltd
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Shanghai Yupei Photoelectric Technology Ltd
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Priority to JP2023537049A priority Critical patent/JP7605531B2/ja
Publication of WO2022127677A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022127677A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Priority to US18/338,175 priority patent/US12607871B2/en
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B30/00—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images
    • G02B30/50—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images the image being built up from image elements distributed over a three-dimensional [3D] volume, e.g. voxels
    • G02B30/56—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images the image being built up from image elements distributed over a three-dimensional [3D] volume, e.g. voxels by projecting aerial or floating images
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/09—Beam shaping, e.g. changing the cross-sectional area, not otherwise provided for
    • G02B27/0938—Using specific optical elements
    • G02B27/095—Refractive optical elements
    • G02B27/0955—Lenses
    • G02B27/0966—Cylindrical lenses
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/28—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 for polarising
    • G02B27/283—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 for polarising used for beam splitting or combining
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
    • G02B5/18—Diffraction gratings
    • G02B5/1842—Gratings for image generation
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
    • G02B5/30—Polarising elements
    • G02B5/3083—Birefringent or phase retarding elements

Definitions

  • Embodiments described herein generally relate to light field three-dimensional display technology, and more particularly, to a floating display device and a multi-layer display device including the floating display device.
  • the floating display technology has attracted the attention of many researchers because it can present images in the air, bringing a strong visual impact to the viewer and a sensory experience that is both true and false.
  • the purpose of the exemplary embodiments of the present invention is to provide such a floating display device, which can form a floating image in the air, and has lower manufacturing cost and more flexible optical layout.
  • an exemplary embodiment of the present invention provides a floating display device including: an image display unit having a display surface of an image and emitting display light constituting an initial image from the display surface; and an optical system defining an object plane and an image plane, the optical system being arranged to receive the display light emitted from the display surface at the object plane, wherein the optical system includes a plurality of light groups , the plurality of light groups are configured to have different light-converging abilities in a first direction and a second direction, the first direction and the second direction being respectively orthogonal to the optical axis of the floating display device , wherein the optical system has an aperture stop for confining light rays from the object plane in the second direction, wherein the display light is at the image plane in air after propagating through the optical system A floating image is formed, wherein the aperture angle of the image square in the first direction is larger than the aperture angle of the image square in the second direction.
  • a multi-layer display device which includes: the floating display device of the above-mentioned exemplary embodiment; and a transparent display member disposed optically downstream of the floating display device , wherein the display surface of the transparent display component and the image plane are located at different positions.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic block diagram of a floating display device 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating the principle of light propagation in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction of the optical system 110 in the floating display device 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the component arrangement and light propagation of the optical system 110 in the floating display device 100 according to the embodiment of the present invention in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction, respectively;
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing the arrangement of components and light propagation of the optical system 210 according to this alternative embodiment in the first and second directions, respectively;
  • FIG. 5 shows a schematic diagram of the arrangement of components and light propagation of an optical system 310 according to further embodiments in a first direction and a second direction, respectively;
  • FIG. 6 shows an optical system 610 according to the first example of the present invention and a schematic diagram of light propagating in the y-z plane;
  • FIG. 7 shows an example structure in which a one-dimensional optical element is integrated with a one-dimensional retroreflective screen
  • FIG. 8 shows an optical system 810 according to the second example of the present invention and a schematic diagram of light propagating in the y-z plane;
  • FIG. 9 shows an example of a one-dimensional grid transmissive array structure 802
  • Figure 10 shows a schematic diagram of an optical system 1010 according to a third example of the present invention and light propagation in the y-z plane;
  • FIG. 11 shows an optical system 1110 according to a fourth example of the present invention and a schematic diagram of light propagation in the y-z plane.
  • Figure 12 shows an example structure of a one-dimensional retroreflective screen
  • FIG. 13 shows a schematic diagram of an optical system 1310 according to a fifth example of the present invention and light propagation in the y-z plane;
  • FIG. 14 shows an optical system 1410 according to the sixth example of the present invention and a schematic diagram of light propagating in the y-z plane;
  • FIG. 15 shows the optical system 1510 according to the seventh example of the present invention and a schematic diagram of light propagation in the y-z plane;
  • FIG. 16 shows an optical system 1610 according to an eighth example of the present invention and a schematic diagram of light propagating in the y-z plane;
  • FIG. 17 shows an optical system 1710 according to a ninth example of the present invention and a schematic diagram of light propagation in the y-z plane;
  • FIG. 18 shows a schematic diagram of a multi-layer display device 1800 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Words like "connected” or “connected” are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, nor are they limited to direct or indirect connections.
  • the phrase "A is substantially equal to B" is intended to account for tolerances in process manufacturing, ie the values of A and B may be within ⁇ 10% of each other.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic block diagram of a floating display device 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • a floating display device 100 may include an image display unit 120 and an optical system 110 .
  • the image display unit 120 has a display surface of an image and emits display light constituting an initial image from the display surface.
  • the image display unit 120 may adopt a direct light-emitting display mode, or may also adopt an indirect projection mode to display or project an image on the display surface.
  • the optical system 110 is arranged optically downstream of the image display unit 120 to receive display light, and has an object plane and an image plane.
  • the object plane may be arranged at the display plane of the image display unit 120 to receive the original light constituting the initial image at the object plane, and then the original light is modulated via the optical system 110 to form a floating image at the image plane in the air (or called aerial image).
  • one or more relay optical systems may also exist between the image display unit 120 and the optical system 110 , and the relay optical systems may image the display surface of the image display unit 120 at the object surface of the optical system 110 ;
  • the object plane of the optical system 110 may be located at the image plane where the display plane of the image display unit 120 is imaged by one or more relay optical systems.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating the principle of light propagation in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction of the optical system 110 in the floating display device 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the object plane 10 is located optically upstream of the aperture stop and at the same time is located optically upstream of the light group 101 or 102 , and the aperture stop is located optically upstream of the first light group 101 .
  • the optical system 110 may include a plurality of light groups.
  • the plurality of light groups are configured to have different abilities to focus light in the first direction and the second direction.
  • the first direction and the second direction may be orthogonal to the optical axis of the optical system 110, respectively.
  • the first direction and the second direction may be orthogonal to each other.
  • the first direction may be the horizontal direction (x direction)
  • the second direction may be the vertical direction (y direction)
  • the optical axis is along the z direction, as shown.
  • the optical system 110 has an aperture stop for confining light rays from the object plane 10 in the vertical direction (y-direction).
  • the aperture stop may refer to the place in the optical system 110 where the size of the clear light in the y-direction is smallest.
  • the aperture stop may not substantially function, or confine the light rays from the object plane 10 to a lesser extent.
  • the aperture stop has a relatively small clear size in the y-direction and a relatively large clear size in the x-direction.
  • the function of the aperture stop can be realized by one optical element in a plurality of light groups, as long as the optical element can confine the light in the y direction; in this case, in the optical system 110 There may be no separate aperture stop. Therefore, the aperture stop is shown alone in FIG. 2 in order to be able to explain the principle of the present invention more clearly, but not for limitation, so it is represented by a dashed box.
  • the display light from the image display unit 120 forms a floating image at the image plane 20 in the air after propagating through the aperture stop and the plurality of light groups, where the image-side aperture angle ⁇ in the x-direction is greater than the image-side aperture angle ⁇ in the y-direction.
  • the plurality of light groups may include at least a first light group 101 and a second light group 102 .
  • the first light group 101 may be arranged optically downstream of the aforementioned aperture stop comprising a one-dimensional optical element with positive power for focusing light in the y-direction.
  • the second light group 102 may contain conjugate imaging elements with a one-dimensional grating structure for focusing light in the x-direction.
  • a conjugate imaging element having a one-dimensional grating structure may be a one-dimensional retroreflective screen, a one-dimensional grating transmissive array, a one-dimensional holographic grating, or the like.
  • the advantage of using such a conjugated imaging element is that the positional relationship (object and image) is conjugated, the image is not enlarged, and there is no aberration.
  • the second light group 102 may be disposed between the first light group 101 and the object plane 10 , or may be disposed between the first light group 101 and the image plane 20 .
  • the present invention is not intended to limit the positional relationship between the first light group 101 and the second light group 102 , and FIG. 2 only shows an example in which the second light group is disposed between the first light group 101 and the image plane 20 happening.
  • the optical system 110 in the floating display device 100 is described above.
  • the image aperture angle of the point on the object plane 10 along the x-direction imaged by a plurality of light groups is relatively large (preferably more than 30 degrees), so as to satisfy the binocular parallax condition. 20 places form a floating image.
  • a point on the object plane 10 along the y-direction is imaged by a plurality of light groups with an image-side aperture angle relatively small, preferably within 30 degrees.
  • FIG 3 shows schematic diagrams of component arrangement and light propagation of the optical system 110 in the floating display device 100 according to the embodiment of the present invention in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction, respectively.
  • the aperture stop may have a large clear aperture Dx in the x-direction so as not to restrict light in the x-direction, thereby obtaining a sufficiently large x-direction aperture angle to satisfy the binocular parallax condition to achieve levitating display.
  • the aperture stop can have a smaller clear aperture Dy in the y-direction to confine the light in the y-direction, thereby selecting different parts of the light beam to participate in imaging and improving the imaging quality of off-axis points.
  • the clear aperture Dx of the aperture stop may be greater than the height A of the object plane (ie, the display plane) in the x direction, ie Dx>A. In this way, it can be ensured that the light rays whose image plane is parallel to the main optical axis can pass through the aperture diaphragm, otherwise the complete floating image cannot be observed, because the edge image rays in the x direction will not enter the human eye.
  • the distance between the aperture stop and the focal plane of the first light group 101 is d, and the clearance dimension in the y-direction is Dy, which is smaller than any other optical element in the optical system 110 in the y-direction the clear size and meet the following conditions:
  • h is the length of the floating image in the y direction
  • f is the focal length of the first light group 101 .
  • an aperture stop may be placed between the first light group 101 and the object plane 10 .
  • the aperture stop may be set within a range of ⁇ f centered on the focal plane of the first light group 101 because the y-direction size of the aperture stop is not higher than the y-direction image height of the levitation image.
  • the advantage of this configuration is that if the vertical axis magnification ⁇ y in the y direction is greater than 1, that is, the optical system 110 has a magnifying effect on the object plane in the y direction, so the object plane can be set relatively small, thereby reducing the volume of the entire device.
  • the optical system 110 may further include a third light group.
  • the third light group may be positioned optically upstream of the first light group 101 (ie, between the first light group 101 and the object plane 10 ) and contain a one-dimensional optical element with positive optical power for use in the second direction ( y direction) modulates light from the display surface (ie, the object surface 10 of the optical system 110).
  • Figure 4 shows a schematic diagram of the arrangement of components and light propagation of the optical system 210 according to this alternative embodiment in the first and second directions, respectively.
  • optical system 210 Several details of optical system 210 are the same as optical system 110 described above with respect to FIGS. 1-3 and will not be repeated here. The differences of the optical system 210 are mainly described below.
  • a third light group 103 may be disposed between the second light group 102 and the object plane 10, which includes at least one one-dimensional optical element to modulate light in the y-direction.
  • the design purpose of the third optical group 103 is to balance the power distribution of the optical system, to make the layout of the optical system more flexible, to further reduce aberrations, and to improve the imaging quality.
  • the light-passing dimension D1 of the first light group 101 may be greater than or equal to the light-passing dimension D3 of the third light group 103 .
  • the focal length f1 of the first light group 101 may be greater than or equal to the focal length f3 of the third light group 103 .
  • the distance between the image plane 20 and the first light group 101 may be within one focal length of the first light group 101, that is, d1 ⁇ f1, and d1 is the distance between the image plane 20 and the first light group 101. distance.
  • the function of the aperture stop may be achieved by a conjugate imaging element having a one-dimensional grating structure in the second light group 102 .
  • the one-dimensional optical element in the third light group 103 may function as the aforementioned aperture stop, so the third light group 103 (especially the one-dimensional optical element) may be related to the aperture
  • the diaphragm is integrated as a single optical component.
  • FIG. 5 a schematic diagram of the arrangement of components and light propagation of an optical system 310 according to further embodiments is shown in a first direction and a second direction, respectively.
  • the one-dimensional optical element of the third optical group 103 is the aperture stop.
  • the clear aperture Dx of the one-dimensional optical element of the third light group 103 may be greater than the height A of the object plane (ie, the display plane) in the x direction, that is, Dx>A.
  • h is the length of the floating image in the y direction
  • f is the focal length of the first light group 101 .
  • the one-dimensional optical elements of the third light group 103 may be arranged in a range of ⁇ f centered on the focal plane of the first light group 101 .
  • the first light group 101 and the third light group 103 may be arranged substantially symmetrically along the optical axis with respect to the conjugate imaging element, and the focal length of the first light group 101 may be substantially equal to the third light group Focal length of group 103.
  • the optical path between the conjugate imaging element and the object point on the optical axis on the object plane 10 is substantially equal to the optical path between the conjugate imaging element and the image point on the image plane 20 on the optical axis.
  • the aperture stop may be located at the image-side focal plane of the third light group 103 while being located at the object-side focal plane of the first light group 101 .
  • FIG. 6 shows an optical system 610 according to the first example of the present invention and a schematic diagram of light propagation in the y-z plane.
  • FIG. 6 shows an optical system 610 according to the first example of the present invention and a schematic diagram of light propagation in the y-z plane.
  • the optical system 610 may include an aperture stop 601 , a beam splitter 602 and an imaging unit 603 .
  • a one-dimensional optical element eg, a lens
  • a conjugate imaging element eg, a one-dimensional retroreflective screen
  • a one-dimensional grating structure in the second light group are integrally formed as a cylinder Sawtooth grating, that is, the imaging unit 603 .
  • One direction of the imaging unit 603 is a curved surface, and the other direction is a one-dimensional sawtooth structure, and the sawtooth structure is an isosceles triangle structure with an apex angle of 90 degrees, as shown in FIG. 7 .
  • the light beam emitted from the object surface 10 is filtered by the aperture diaphragm and incident on the beam splitter 602 , and part of the light used for imaging is reflected on the one-dimensional sawtooth structure of the imaging unit 603 through the beam splitter 602 , and Light reflected back from the one-dimensional sawtooth structure is transmitted via beam splitter 602 at image plane 20 to form a suspended image.
  • both the object plane 10 and the image plane 20 are at 2f (twice the focal length) of the imaging unit 603 , where f is the focal length of the imaging unit 603 in the second direction (y direction).
  • the image aperture angle of the point on the display surface of the image display unit 120 along the x-direction imaged by the optical system 610 is relatively large, which satisfies the binocular parallax condition, so that a floating image can be formed at the image plane 20 .
  • the image aperture angle of the point on the display surface of the image display unit 120 imaged by the optical system 610 along the y direction is relatively small, so as to obtain high imaging quality.
  • FIG. 8 shows an optical system 810 according to a second example of the present invention and a schematic diagram of light propagating in the y-z plane.
  • FIG. 8 shows an optical system 810 according to a second example of the present invention and a schematic diagram of light propagating in the y-z plane.
  • the optical system 810 may include a cylindrical lens 801 (a first light group), a one-dimensional grid transmission array structure 802 (a second light group), and an aperture stop 803 .
  • the distance between the cylindrical lens and the object surface can be set in the range of f (one focal length) to 2f (twice the focal length) of the cylindrical lens, so that the optical system 810 can form an enlarged floating image in the y direction.
  • An example of the one-dimensional grid transmission array structure 802 is shown in FIG. 9 .
  • the one-dimensional grid transmission array structure can be formed by laminating several parallel glass plates, wherein the lamination surface is coated with a metal reflective film, and the object point o and the image point are o' is optically conjugated, the object plane of this structure is as large as the image plane, and there is no aberration.
  • the image aperture angle of the point on the display surface of the image display unit 120 along the x-direction imaged by the optical system 810 is relatively large, which satisfies the binocular parallax condition, so that a floating image can be formed at the image plane 20 .
  • the image aperture angle of the point on the display surface of the image display unit 120 imaged by the optical system 810 along the y-direction is relatively small, so as to obtain high imaging quality.
  • FIG. 10 shows an optical system 1010 according to a third example of the present invention and a schematic diagram of light propagation in the y-z plane.
  • FIG. 10 shows an optical system 1010 according to a third example of the present invention and a schematic diagram of light propagation in the y-z plane.
  • the optical system 1010 may include a freeform mirror 1001 (first light group), a one-dimensional grid transmission array structure 1002 (second light group), a one-dimensional optical element 1003 (third light group), and aperture light Lanna 1004.
  • the freeform mirror 1001 may be arranged optically downstream of the transmissive one-dimensional phase conjugation element 1002 and arranged to reflect light transmitted from the one-dimensional grid transmissive array structure 1002 to the image plane 20 .
  • the image aperture angle of the point on the display surface of the image display unit 120 along the x-direction imaged by the optical system 1010 is relatively large, which satisfies the binocular parallax condition, so that a floating image can be formed at the image plane 20, which The floating image has parallax in the x-direction, and at the same time produces a technical effect that the floating image and the optical system 1010 form a certain angle.
  • Figure 11 shows an optical system 1110 according to a fourth example of the present invention and a schematic diagram of light propagation in the y-z plane.
  • Several details of the optical system 1110 in the floating display device according to the fourth example are the same as the optical system 110 or 210 described above with respect to FIGS. 2-4 , and will not be repeated here.
  • the differences of the optical system 1110 of the fourth example are mainly described below.
  • an optical system 1110 may include a freeform mirror 1101 (first light group), a one-dimensional retroreflective screen 1102 (second light group and aperture stop), a one-dimensional optical element 1103 (third light group), and a half Inverse half mirror 1004.
  • a half mirror 1004 may be positioned optically downstream of the one-dimensional optical element 1103 and arranged to reflect light from the one-dimensional optical element 1103 to the conjugate imaging element (one-dimensional retroreflective screen 1102 ) and to reflect light from the one-dimensional optical element 1103 The light reflected back by the retroreflective screen 1102 is transmitted to the free-form mirror 1101 .
  • Freeform mirror 1101 may be arranged optically downstream of half mirror 1104 and configured to reflect light transmitted from half mirror 1104 to image plane 20 .
  • An example of the one-dimensional retroreflective screen 1102 is shown in FIG. 12 , where any light irradiated on the surface of the one-dimensional retroreflective screen, a part of the light is reflected according to the original angle.
  • the image aperture angle of the point on the display surface of the image display unit 120 imaged by the optical system 1110 along the x direction is relatively large, which satisfies the binocular parallax condition, so that a floating image can be formed at the image plane 20 .
  • the image aperture angle of the point on the display surface of the image display unit 120 to be imaged by the optical system 1110 along the y direction is relatively small, so as to obtain high imaging quality.
  • FIG. 13 shows an optical system 1310 according to a fifth example of the present invention and a schematic diagram of light propagation in the y-z plane.
  • FIG. 13 shows an optical system 1310 according to a fifth example of the present invention and a schematic diagram of light propagation in the y-z plane.
  • the optical system 1310 may include a first concave mirror 1301 (first light group), a one-dimensional retroreflective screen 1302 (second light group and aperture stop), a second concave mirror 1303 (third light group) , the first beam splitting plate 1304 and the second beam splitting plate 1305 .
  • the first concave mirror 1301 is arranged between the object plane 10 and the image plane 20 with its concave surface facing the image plane 20 .
  • the first concave mirror can be of an equal thickness structure and is coated with a 50/50 dichroic film.
  • the concave surface of the second concave mirror 1303 faces the one-dimensional retroreflective screen 1302 .
  • the first beam-splitting plate 1304 is disposed obliquely between the object plane 10 and the first concave mirror 1301 and between the one-dimensional retroreflective screen 1302 and the second concave mirror 1303 .
  • the beam splitter plate is arranged between the first concave mirror 1301 and the image plane 20 .
  • the first beam splitting plate 1304 may be a polarizing beam splitting film
  • the second beam splitting plate 1305 may be a polarizing beam splitting plate
  • the optical system 1310 may further include a first quarter wave plate 1306, a second /4 wave plate 1307 and third 1/4 wave plate 1308.
  • the second optical group (conjugate imaging elements therein) and the aperture stop are integrated into a single component, the one-dimensional retroreflective screen 1302 . That is, the one-dimensional retroreflective screen 1302 also serves as the aperture stop described above.
  • the first 1/4 wave plate 1306 can be disposed between the second concave mirror 1303 and the polarizing beam splitting film
  • the second 1/4 wave plate 1307 can be disposed between the one-dimensional retroreflective screen 1302 and the polarizing beam splitting film
  • the third 1/4 wave plate 1308 may be disposed between the first concave mirror 1301 and the polarizing beam splitting plate.
  • the second quarter wave plate 1307 can be arranged in the same inclined manner as the first beam splitting plate 1304 .
  • the optical axes of the second 1/4 wave plate 1307 and the third 1/4 wave plate 1308 are set orthogonally.
  • the s-polarized light emitted by the display surface is reflected by the polarizing beam splitter film, irradiated on the second concave mirror 1303, and further emitted by the second concave mirror 1303.
  • the light reflected by the two concave mirrors 1303 is converted into p-polarized light through the first 1/4 wave plate 1306, and transmitted to the one-dimensional retroreflective screen 1302 through the polarizing beam splitter and the second 1/4 wave plate 1307;
  • the reflection of the projection screen 1302 passes through the second 1/4 wave plate 1307 again and is converted into s-polarized light, which is reflected by the polarization beam splitter film;
  • On 1301, a part of the light is irradiated on the third 1/4 wave plate 1308 through the first concave mirror 1301, the light is still s-polarized light after passing through the third 1/4 wave plate 1308, and is reflected by the polarizing beam splitting plate;
  • the reflected light irradiates the first concave mirror 1301 and is reflected again, passes through the third 1/4 wave plate 1308 and becomes p-polarized light, and exits through the polarization beam splitter plate to form a floating image at the image plane 20 in the air.
  • the polarizing beam splitting film, polarizing beam splitting plate, first 1/4 wave plate 1306, second 1/4 wave plate 1307 and third 1/4 wave plate 1308 are used to improve the optical efficiency of the optical system and eliminate unwanted It is not necessary to influence the desired light (eg, ambient light), as those skilled in the art can understand that an optical system that does not use these optical elements is sufficient for the purpose of forming a floating image.
  • the image aperture angle of the point on the display surface of the image display unit 120 along the x-direction imaged by the optical system 1310 is relatively large, which satisfies the binocular parallax condition, so that a floating image can be formed at the image plane 20 .
  • the image aperture angle of the point on the display surface of the image display unit 120 imaged by the optical system 1310 along the y-direction is relatively small, so as to obtain high imaging quality.
  • the optical system 1310 is a pure reflection structure without chromatic aberration, which is easy to realize large-scale production.
  • FIG. 14 shows an optical system 1410 according to the sixth example of the present invention and a schematic diagram of light propagation in the y-z plane.
  • FIG. 14 shows an optical system 1410 according to the sixth example of the present invention and a schematic diagram of light propagation in the y-z plane.
  • the optical system 1410 may include a convex lens 1401 , a one-dimensional retroreflective screen 1402 (second optical group and aperture stop), a concave mirror 1403 , a beam splitter 1404 , and a correction lens 1405 .
  • the convex lens 1401 is arranged between the object plane 10 and the image plane 20 , and its convex surface faces the object plane 10 .
  • the concave surface of the concave mirror 1403 faces the one-dimensional retroreflective screen 1402 .
  • the beam splitter 1404 is disposed obliquely between the object plane 10 and the convex lens 1401 and between the one-dimensional retroreflective screen 1402 and the concave mirror 1403 .
  • the correction lens 1405 is disposed between the beam splitter 1404 and the one-dimensional retroreflective screen 1402 for correcting the aberration of the optical system 1410 .
  • the correction lens 1405 may be a positive lens or a negative lens.
  • the convex lens 1401 and the correction lens 1405 constitute the first light group, while the concave mirror 1403 and the correction lens 1405 constitute the third light group.
  • the correcting lens 1405 can function as both an optical element in the first light group and an optical element in the third light group.
  • the beam splitter 1404 may be a polarizing beam splitter film; in this case, the optical system 1410 may further include a first 1/4 wave plate 1406 and a second 1/4 wave plate 1407 .
  • the second optical group (conjugate imaging elements therein) and the aperture stop are integrated into a single component, the one-dimensional retroreflective screen 1402 . That is, the one-dimensional retroreflective screen 1402 also serves as the aperture stop described above.
  • the s-polarized light emitted by the display surface is reflected by the polarizing beam splitting film and irradiated onto the concave mirror 1403;
  • the light passes through the first 1/4 wave plate 1406 for the second time and is converted into p-polarized light, and is transmitted to the correction lens 1405 through the polarizing beam splitter and the second 1/4 wave plate 1407; the light passing through the correction lens 1405 is one-dimensional
  • the reflection of the retroreflective screen 1402 passes through the correction lens 1405 again, and is converted into s-polarized light through the second 1/4 wave plate 1407, and is reflected by the polarization beam splitter film; the light reflected by the polarization beam splitter film is converged at the image plane 20 in the air through the convex lens 1401 , forming a floating image.
  • the polarizing beam splitter film, the first 1/4 wave plate 1406 and the second 1/4 wave plate 1407 are used to improve the optical efficiency of the optical system while eliminating the influence of unwanted light (eg, ambient light), not Necessary, because those skilled in the art can understand that an optical system without these optical elements is also sufficient for the purpose of forming a floating image.
  • the image-side aperture angle of the point on the display surface of the image display unit 120 along the x-direction imaged by the optical system 1410 is relatively large, which satisfies the binocular parallax condition, so that a floating image can be formed at the image plane 20.
  • the image aperture angle of the point on the display surface of the image display unit 120 that is imaged by the optical system 1410 along the y-direction is relatively small, so as to obtain high imaging quality.
  • the optical system 1310 or 1410 may be a symmetrical structure, and the one-dimensional retroreflective screen 1302 or 1402 in the second light group is the middle position of the optical system 1310 or 1410, that is, the conjugate imaging element
  • the optical path from the object plane is substantially equal to the optical path from the conjugate imaging element to the image plane.
  • the focal length of the first light group is substantially equal to the focal length of the third light group, and the object plane 10 and the image plane 20 are substantially equal.
  • FIG. 15 shows an optical system 1510 according to a seventh example of the present invention and a schematic diagram of light propagating in the y-z plane.
  • FIG. 15 shows an optical system 1510 according to a seventh example of the present invention and a schematic diagram of light propagating in the y-z plane.
  • optical system 1510 may include plano-convex cylindrical mirror 1501 (first light group), sawtooth grating 1502 (second light group), cylindrical concave mirror 1503 (third light group and aperture stop), polarization
  • the third optical group (ie, the one-dimensional optical element therein) and the aperture stop are integrated into a single component, ie, a cylindrical concave mirror 1503 , with its concave surface facing the object plane 10 . That is to say, the cylindrical concave mirror 1503 also serves as an aperture stop in the y-direction.
  • the conjugate imaging element is a sawtooth grating 1502 arranged to face the image plane 20, and the one-dimensional optical element in the first light group is a plano-convex cylindrical mirror 1501 arranged between the image plane 20 and the sawtooth grating 1502, a plano-convex cylinder
  • the plane side of the mirror 1501 faces the image plane 20
  • the convex side of the plano-convex cylindrical mirror 1501 faces the sawtooth grating 1502 .
  • the polarizing beam splitting plate 1504 is obliquely disposed between the object plane 10 and the cylindrical concave mirror 1503 and between the sawtooth grating 1502 and the plano-convex cylindrical mirror 1506 .
  • the first polarizer 1505 is disposed between the object plane 10 and the polarizing beam splitting plate 1504 for converting the light from the object plane 10 into p-polarized light.
  • the second polarizer 1506 is disposed optically downstream of the plano-convex cylindrical mirror 1501 for blocking the transmission of s-polarized light.
  • the first quarter wave plate 1507 is disposed between the cylindrical concave mirror 1503 and the polarization beam splitting plate 1504 for converting the light reflected back from the cylindrical concave mirror 1503 into s-polarized light.
  • a second quarter wave plate 1508 is disposed between the polarizing beam splitter plate 1504 and the sawtooth grating 1502 for converting light reflected back from the sawtooth grating 1502 to p-polarized light.
  • the light emitted by the display surface passes through the first polarizer 1505, is converted into p-polarized light, passes through the polarization beam splitter plate 1504, and the polarization beam splitter plate 1504 transmits p-polarized light and reflects s-polarized light, so the light emitted from the display surface penetrates the polarizing beam splitter plate 1504, passes through the first 1/4 wave plate 1507, and irradiates the cylindrical concave mirror 1503.
  • the light returning from the cylindrical concave mirror 1503 passes through the first 1/4 wave plate 1507 again, is converted into s-polarized light, is reflected by the polarization beam splitter plate 1504, and is irradiated onto the sawtooth grating 1502 through the second 1/4 wave plate.
  • the light reflected from the sawtooth grating 1502 passes through the second 1/4 wave plate 1508 again, is converted into p-polarized light, passes through the polarization beam splitter plate 1504 , and irradiates the plano-convex cylindrical mirror 1506 .
  • the light passes through the plano-convex cylindrical mirror 1501 to form a suspended image at the aerial image plane 20 .
  • the function of the second polarizer 1506 is to transmit only the p-polarized light and filter out the stray light of the s-polarized light. At the same time, when the external light enters the sawtooth grating 1502, it cooperates with the second 1/4 wave plate 1508 to eliminate the influence of external light. .
  • the image aperture angle of the point on the display surface of the image display unit 120 along the x-direction imaged by the optical system 1510 is relatively large, which satisfies the binocular parallax condition, so that a floating image can be formed at the image plane 20 .
  • the image aperture angle of the point on the display surface of the image display unit 120 imaged by the optical system 1510 along the y direction is relatively small, so as to obtain high imaging quality.
  • FIG. 16 shows an optical system 1610 according to an eighth example of the present invention and a schematic diagram of light propagation in the y-z plane.
  • FIG. 16 shows an optical system 1610 according to an eighth example of the present invention and a schematic diagram of light propagation in the y-z plane.
  • the optical system 1610 may include a plano-convex cylindrical mirror 1601 (a first light group), a one-dimensional retroreflective screen 1602 (a second light group), a cylindrical concave mirror 1603 (a third light group and an aperture stop) ), polarizing beam splitting film 1604, beam splitter 1605, first polarizer 1606, second polarizer 1607 and 1/4 wave plate 1608.
  • the third optical group (ie, the one-dimensional optical element therein) and the aperture stop are integrated into a single component, ie, a cylindrical concave mirror 1603 , with its concave surface facing the object plane 10 . That is to say, the cylindrical concave mirror 1603 also acts as an aperture stop in the y-direction.
  • the conjugate imaging element with a one-dimensional grating structure is a one-dimensional retroreflective screen 1602, and the one-dimensional optical element in the first light group is a plano-convex cylindrical mirror 1601 arranged between the image plane 20 and the polarizing beam splitter film 1604,
  • the plane side of the plano-convex cylindrical mirror 1601 faces the image plane 20
  • the convex side of the plano-convex cylindrical mirror 1601 faces the polarizing beam splitter film 1604 .
  • the beam splitter 1605 is disposed obliquely between the object plane 10 and the cylindrical concave mirror 1603 for transmitting the light from the object plane 10 to the cylindrical concave mirror 1603 and reflecting the light reflected back from the cylindrical concave mirror 1603 to a On the dimensional retroreflective screen 1602.
  • the polarizing beam splitting film 1604 is disposed obliquely between the beam splitter 1605 and the one-dimensional retroreflective screen 1602, and is used to pass the p-polarized light and reflect the s-polarized light.
  • the polarizing beam splitting film 1604 reflects the s-polarized light reflected back from the one-dimensional retroreflective screen 1602 to the plano-convex cylindrical mirror 1601 .
  • the first polarizer 1606 is disposed between the beam splitter 1605 and the polarizing beam splitter film 1604 for converting the light from the object plane 10 into p-polarized light.
  • a quarter wave plate 1608 is disposed between the polarizing beam splitting film 1604 and the one-dimensional retroreflective screen 1602 for converting light reflected back from the one-dimensional retroreflective screen 1602 to s-polarized light.
  • a second polarizer 1607 is disposed optically downstream of the plano-convex cylindrical mirror 1601 for passing s-polarized light.
  • the display surface of the image display unit When the display surface of the image display unit is set at the object surface 10 of the optical system 1610, the light emitted from the display surface is irradiated onto the cylindrical concave mirror 1603 through the beam splitter 1605 and reflected by the concave mirror 1603, and then irradiated to the beam splitter 1605 again.
  • the p-polarized light further passes through the polarizing beam splitter (passing the P light and reflecting the s light), and irradiating it on the 1/4 wave plate 1608, the light After being reflected by the one-dimensional retroreflective screen 1602, it passes through the 1/4 wave plate 1608 again, and becomes s-polarized light; the s-polarized light is reflected by the polarizing beam splitter film 1604, irradiated on the lens 1601, and exits through the second polarizer 1607, in space form a floating image.
  • the second polarizer 1607 can pass s-polarized light.
  • the absorption axes of the second polarizer 1607 and the first polarizer 1606 are orthogonal to each other, which can prevent the large-angle light emitted from the display surface from directly passing through the second polarizer 1607 and the first polarizer 1606 and entering the human eye to form ghost images. .
  • the image aperture angle of the point on the display surface of the image display unit 120 along the x-direction imaged by the optical system 1610 is relatively large, which satisfies the binocular parallax condition, so that a floating image can be formed at the image plane 20, and the image The image aperture angle of the point on the display surface of the display unit 120 that is imaged by the optical system 1610 along the y direction is relatively small, so as to obtain high imaging quality. .
  • FIG. 17 shows an optical system 1710 according to a ninth example of the present invention and a schematic diagram of light propagation in the y-z plane.
  • FIG. 17 shows an optical system 1710 according to a ninth example of the present invention and a schematic diagram of light propagation in the y-z plane.
  • the optical system 1710 may include a dichroic concave mirror 1701 (first light group), a one-dimensional retroreflective screen 1702 (second light group), a cylindrical concave mirror 1703 (third light group and aperture stop), A beam splitting plate 1704 , a polarizing beam splitting plate 1705 , a first polarizer 1706 , a first 1/4 wave plate 1707 and a second 1/4 wave plate 1708 .
  • the third light group (ie, the one-dimensional optical element therein) and the aperture stop are integrated into a single component, ie, a cylindrical concave mirror 1703 , with its concave surface facing the object plane 10 .
  • the cylindrical concave mirror 1703 also serves as an aperture stop in the y-direction.
  • the phase-conjugated optical element is a one-dimensional retroreflective screen 1702, and the one-dimensional optical element in the first light group is a beam-splitting concave mirror 1701 arranged between the beam-splitting plate 1704 and the polarizing beam-splitting plate 1705, and the concave surface of the beam-splitting concave mirror 1701 faces Like plane 20.
  • the beam splitter plate 1704 is disposed obliquely between the object plane 10 and the cylindrical concave mirror 1703 for transmitting the light from the object plane 10 to the cylindrical concave mirror 1703 and reflecting the light reflected back from the cylindrical concave mirror 1703 to the beam splitter on the concave mirror 1701.
  • the polarizing beam-splitting plate 1705 is obliquely arranged between the beam-splitting concave mirror 1701 and the image plane 20 for reflecting s-polarized light through p-polarized light, and the polarizing beam-splitting plate 1705 reflects the s-polarized light back from the one-dimensional retroreflective screen 1702 Reflected to the beam splitting concave mirror 1701.
  • the first polarizer 1706 is disposed between the beam splitting plate 1704 and the object plane 10 for converting the light from the object plane 10 into p-polarized light.
  • the first 1/4 wave plate 1707 is disposed between the beam splitting plate 1704 and the beam splitting concave mirror 1701 .
  • the second quarter wave plate 1708 is disposed between the polarizing beam splitting plate 1705 and the beam splitting concave mirror 1701 .
  • the light emitted by the display surface passes through 1706 (1/4 wave plate + polarizer), and the outgoing light is p-polarized light, passing through the beam splitter plate 1704, It is irradiated on the cylindrical concave mirror 1703.
  • the light is reflected by the cylindrical concave mirror 1703 , and then reflected by the beam splitter plate 1704 , and then irradiated on the first quarter wave plate 1707 , which converts the p-polarized light into circularly polarized light, and then irradiates the beam splitting concave mirror 1701 .
  • the beam-splitting concave mirror 1701 is an equal-thickness flat plate structure with a certain curvature, and the surface is coated with a semi-reflective and semi-transparent film.
  • the light passes through the beam splitting concave mirror 1701 and then irradiates on the second 1/4 wave plate 1708, converts the circularly polarized light into s-polarized light, is reflected by the polarized beam splitting plate 1705, and is reflected on the one-dimensional retroreflective screen 1702. After being reflected by the polarizing beam splitter plate for the second time, it passes through the second 1/4 wave plate 1708 and is converted into circularly polarized light.
  • the beam splitter plate 1705 is emitted, forming a floating image in the air.
  • the image aperture angle of the point on the display surface of the image display unit 120 imaged by the optical system 1710 along the x direction is relatively large, which satisfies the binocular parallax condition, so that a floating image can be formed at the image plane 20 .
  • the object plane of the optical system 110 when the object plane of the optical system 110 is a plane, since the optical system may have field curvature in the y direction, the levitation image may be formed to be curved. Therefore, in order to correct the field curvature in the y direction, the object plane of the optical system 110 may be set as a curved surface in the y direction. For example, if the display surface of the image display unit 120 coincides with the object surface of the optical system 110, the display surface may be set to be a curved surface. Alternatively, the display surface may form a curved image at the object surface of the optical system 110 through the relay imaging unit.
  • a multi-layer display device According to another exemplary embodiment of the present invention, there is also provided a multi-layer display device.
  • FIG. 18 shows a schematic diagram of a multi-layer display device 1800 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the multi-layer display device 1800 may include any of the floating display devices 1810 and the transparent display 1820 described above.
  • the transparent display part 1820 may be disposed optically downstream of the floating display device 1810 .
  • the display surface 30 of the transparent display part 1820 is located at a different position from the image plane 20 .
  • the transparent display part 1820 may have high transmittance, such as a transparent OLED/LED/LCD display or a film (slideshow).
  • the multilayer display apparatus 1800 according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention is described above.
  • the floating display device 1810 may form a floating image at the image plane 20
  • the transparent display 1820 may display different information at the display surface 30 .
  • secondary information can be displayed on the display surface 30, and important information can be presented on the image plane 20, thereby improving the efficiency and experience of people acquiring information.
  • the floating display device, the optical system used therein, and the multi-layer display device according to the exemplary embodiments of the present invention are described above in detail.
  • the optical system in the floating display device is easy to process, can effectively reduce the cost, eliminate the ghost image problem existing in the prior art, and has a more flexible optical layout.
  • the floating display device By adopting the floating display device, the light field reconstruction of the display surface in the air is realized, which is a light field three-dimensional display technology.
  • the image aperture angle of the light beam on the display surface passing through the optical system along the first direction is relatively large, which satisfies the binocular parallax condition, so that the floating display of the image can be realized.
  • the aperture diaphragm mentioned in this article only serves to confine light in the second direction, and the effect of constraining light in the first direction can be controlled by the first light group Or a conjugate imaging element with a one-dimensional grating structure undertakes.
  • the optical elements that function as aperture stops in the first and second directions may not be the same optical element.

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