WO2022124397A1 - ミノガの採卵器並びにそれを用いたミノガの交配方法及び採卵方法 - Google Patents
ミノガの採卵器並びにそれを用いたミノガの交配方法及び採卵方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022124397A1 WO2022124397A1 PCT/JP2021/045524 JP2021045524W WO2022124397A1 WO 2022124397 A1 WO2022124397 A1 WO 2022124397A1 JP 2021045524 W JP2021045524 W JP 2021045524W WO 2022124397 A1 WO2022124397 A1 WO 2022124397A1
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/033—Rearing or breeding invertebrates; New breeds of invertebrates
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/033—Rearing or breeding invertebrates; New breeds of invertebrates
- A01K67/04—Silkworms
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a bagworm egg collector and a simple and efficient bagworm mating method and egg collection method using the same.
- Bagworms which are larvae of moths belonging to the family Psychidae, hide in a spindle-shaped or cylindrical nest (Bagnest) made by entwining leaf pieces and branch pieces with spit threads and feed on them. They live with their nests during the entire larval stage, such as moving along with their nests.
- the bagworm silk thread spit out by this bagworm has been attracting attention in recent years as a novel animal natural fiber having extremely high usefulness (Patent Document 1 and Non-Patent Document 1).
- bagworm silk thread In order to industrialize bagworm silk thread, it is indispensable to establish breeding techniques such as mass breeding and successive breeding of bagworms.
- breeding techniques such as mass breeding and successive breeding of bagworms.
- the bagworm silk industry has just entered its dawn, and breeding techniques are still under development.
- the acquisition of bagworms depends solely on field wildcrafting, which is a major obstacle to the industrialization of bagworm silk threads. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop artificial mating techniques and spawning techniques for bagworms.
- silk moth which is the same lepidopteran larva and has already been established in the sericulture industry. I can't.
- bagworms pupate in the nests spent in the larval stage without producing cocoons like silk moths during metamorphosis from larvae to pupae.
- the head is turned upside down in the nest and pupates, and the emerged male moths escape by making a hole in the lower end of the nest, while the female moths escape after emergence (Fig. 1A).
- Fig. 1A Do not take off, and because he has completely lost his ability to move, he ends his life in the nest without going out to the outside world.
- the female moth emits a sex pheromone from the lower end opening of the nest, and the male moth attracted to the female moth reaches the nest where the female moth lurks (Fig. 1B-c) and then the lower end of the nest for mating.
- the abdomen is inserted through the opening (Fig. 1B-d).
- the female moth's copulation hole is located in the innermost part of the nest and inside the pupal shell. Therefore, the male moth extends the abdomen and inserts it between the female moth abdomen and the pupal shell in the nest, and further searches for the copulatory hole at the tip of the female moth abdomen to establish copulation (FIG. 1C).
- the female moth lays eggs in the pupal shell, and the eggs are retained in the pupal shell until hatching.
- Bagworms can also be artificially copulated.
- a method of artificially inserting the abdomen of the male moth into the lower end opening of the nest where the female moth lurks is only used (Non-Patent Document 2).
- Non-Patent Document 2 a method of artificially inserting the abdomen of the male moth into the lower end opening of the nest where the female moth lurks.
- An object of the present invention is to develop and provide a simple and efficient mating method for bagworms and a device for executing the method.
- An object of the present invention is to develop and provide a method for easily collecting eggs from bagworms and a method for preparing a large amount of first-instar bagworms.
- the present inventors first developed a method for seeing through the inside of the pupal shell using an X-ray apparatus. With this method, the inside of the nest and the inside of the pupal shell can be observed even from the outside of the nest.
- the X-ray equipment is very complicated to carry in and install, and it takes time and effort to perform fluoroscopy.
- the running cost is very high, and the influence on the living body and cells by X-ray irradiation cannot be excluded. Therefore, it was not realistic to implement the project in terms of efficiency and cost.
- the present inventors attempted forced copulation in which the female bagworm moth was taken out from the nest and pupal shell, and then the female moth and the abdominal end of the male moth were in direct contact with each other.
- mating can be forcibly established by opening the grasping device at the abdominal end of the male moth with tweezers or the like and grasping the abdominal end of the female moth.
- the bagworm moth does not have an organ shaped to grasp the female abdomen like a grasper. Therefore, the copulation success rate was extremely low in the hand pairing method such as the silk moth.
- a bagworm egg collector consisting of a tubular container, which has an insertion hole having an inner diameter for accommodating an adult bagworm, an accommodating portion capable of accommodating all or part of the abdomen of the adult female, and an egg after spawning.
- the egg collector having an egg-retaining part for holding the egg.
- the egg collector according to (1), wherein the egg-retaining portion has a ventilation means.
- the egg collector according to (1) or (2), wherein the egg-retaining portion has a detachable egg-receiving means for accommodating and collecting eggs after spawning.
- a method for mating Minoga in which an adult female Minoga is inserted into the insertion hole of the Minoga egg collector according to any one of (1) to (7) from the abdominal end, and the abdomen is inserted into the insertion hole.
- the mating method comprising a mating step of fitting and a mating step of inserting and mating the abdominal end of an adult female imago between the insertion hole and the abdomen of the adult female imago.
- (11) A method for collecting eggs of Minoga, in which an adult female Minoga separated from the nest and pupal shell is inserted into the insertion hole of the Minoga egg collector according to any one of (1) to (7) from the abdominal end.
- the above-mentioned egg collection method including an egg-laying step of spawning.
- a method for preparing first-instar bagworms which is a heat-retaining step of keeping the bagworm eggs obtained by the method of collecting bagworm eggs according to (11) or (12) in the egg-retaining part, and the first-age hatched.
- the preparation method including the first-instar bagworm recovery step of recovering bagworms.
- the above-mentioned preparation method including a heat-retaining step for keeping warm.
- This specification includes the disclosure of Japanese Patent Application No. 2020-205316, which is the basis of the priority of the present application.
- bagworm eggs can be easily obtained in large quantities.
- the first-instar bagworm can be easily prepared in large quantities.
- A It is a figure which shows the morphology (a) of the female moth of Eumeta varieum taken out from the nest, and the pupal shell (b) thereof.
- B It is an image of mating of Eumeta varieum in the field. In the figure, c indicates a nest containing a female moth, and d indicates a male moth.
- C It is a conceptual diagram that penetrates the female moth nest of Eumeta varieum during mating.
- Female moths (0103) such as Eumeta varieties hide their heads (0105) in the pupal shell (0102) in the nest with the head (0105) facing downward with the opening of the nest (0101), and even after emergence, they are in the nest in the larval stage. Spend a lifetime in.
- the male moth (0104) is capable of flying and is attracted to the sex pheromones emitted by the female moth to reach the nest where the female moth lurks.
- the abdomen (0106) is inserted into the nest through the opening below the nest, and while extending the abdomen, the copulation hole at the end of the abdomen of the female moth in the innermost part of the pupal shell is searched for. Then, the pupa is inserted into the copulation hole and copulation is established.
- FIG. 1 It is a figure which shows the artificial mating of Eumeta varieum using the bagworm egg collector of this invention.
- A It is a figure when the female moth of Eumeta varieum is placed in the bagworm egg collector of the present invention. This figure shows a bagworm egg collector made by improving a 1.5 mL tube.
- B It is a figure in which the abdominal end of a male moth is inserted between the female moth shown in A and the bagworm egg collector, and artificial mating is performed.
- C It is a figure which shows the pair of Eumeta varieties during mating with the bagworm egg collector of this invention. In the figure, it can be seen that the copulation is established by the arrow.
- FIG. 1 It is a figure which shows the female moth abdominal end (0401) and the egg mass (0402) which laid eggs in the egg holding part of the bagworm egg collector of this invention.
- the egg mass consists of an average of 1000-3000 eggs.
- B It is a figure which shows the first-instar bagworm of Eumeta varieum hatched after the heat insulation step by the preparation method of the first-instar bagworm of this invention.
- the first-instar bagworms (arrows) that have escaped to the outside of the bagworm egg collector are shown.
- the first-instar bagworm is then recovered by the first-instar bagworm recovery step.
- a sponge stopper is used as a ventilation means.
- A is a figure showing one embodiment of the bagworm egg collector of the present invention provided with the egg receiving means. This figure shows a configuration in which a thin film is pushed into an egg collector as an egg receiving means.
- B to D illustrate the placement of female bagworms (B), spawning (C), and recovery of egg mass (D).
- E is an expanded view of the egg receiving means removed from the bagworm egg collector, showing the recovered egg mass (0604).
- the first aspect of the present invention is a bagworm egg collector.
- the egg collector of the present invention is composed of a tubular container. According to the egg collector of the present invention, not only the artificial mating of bagworms is facilitated and the mating efficiency thereof is improved, but also easy and stable egg collection becomes possible.
- Minoga is a general term for moths belonging to the order Lepidoptera and the family Psychidae.
- bagworm refers to an adult bagworm, male or female, regardless of gender.
- female adult (individual) and male adult (individual) are often referred to as “female moth” and “male moth”, respectively.
- the female moth is a wingless and legless morphological species.
- wingless and legless morphological species refers to a bagworm species having a form in which a female moth has degenerated wings and legs.
- This wingless, legless morphological species also includes species in which the sensory organs such as compound eyes, tactile sensations, and mouth organs are degenerated and the external morphology becomes maggot-like.
- the genus including such wingless and legless morphological species is not limited, but for example, species belonging to Eumeta, Mahasena, Metura, Thiridopteryx and the like are preferable.
- Eumeta japonica Eumeta minuscula
- Mahasena aurea sanders case moth
- evergreen bagworm Thyridopteryx ephemeraeformis
- Bactworm is a general term for bagworm larvae regardless of species, sex, and age.
- first-instar bagworm refers to a bagworm during the period from hatching to the first molting.
- the "nest (of the bagworm)" is a nest in which the bagworm nests, and is composed of a silk thread spit out by the bagworm itself and a material such as a leaf piece or a branch piece spelled by the silk thread.
- the nest is a bagworm that can wrap the whole body of the bagworm, and has a spindle-shaped, cylindrical, conical or other shape. Bagworms basically hide in this nest during the larval stage, and as a general rule, a part of the insect body is exposed from the opening of the nest only when feeding or moving. In addition to molting, pupation is also performed in the nest. In addition, female bagworms of some species of bagworm live in the nest throughout their lives, including emergence, and mating is also carried out through the lower end opening of the nest.
- the "pupal shell” means the outer shell in the pupal stage.
- the pupal shell of bagworm is referred to.
- the pupal shell is composed of cuticle and has rigidity that retains the original spindle shape even after the emergence of bagworms, as shown in FIGS. 1A-b.
- insect pupae are destroyed with emergence, but in female bagworms of some species of bagworm, the pupae are removed after opening an open opening that exposes part of the head and chest even after emergence. Stay inside it without.
- the pupal shell becomes the spawning bed, and the female moth lays eggs in the pupal shell.
- the bagworm egg collector (0201) of the present invention includes an insertion hole (0202), an accommodating portion (0203), and an egg holding portion (0204) as essential components, and a lid portion (0205).
- the spawning table (0206) is included as a selective component.
- the bagworm egg collector (0201) of the present invention is composed of a tubular container.
- tubular container refers to a container having a tubular shape and having an internal space capable of accommodating adult female bagworms. Further, in the bagworm egg collector, at least one end of the tubular container is open, and the internal space is in contact with the outside world through the opening.
- the external shape of the bagworm egg collector is not particularly limited as long as it is a tubular shape having a storage portion (0203), an egg retention portion (0204), and an insertion hole (0202), which will be described later.
- a parallel tube shape for example, a columnar shape or a prismatic shape
- a cone shape for example, a spindle shape
- the short axis cross section gradually decreases toward the end.
- Conical shape, or pyramid shape or a combination thereof.
- the "short-axis cross section” means a cross-section including a short axis orthogonal to the long axis of the bagworm egg collector.
- the bagworm egg collector of the present invention is an artificial bagworm that imitates the bagworm shell of the bagworm, except when the natural bagworm shell of the bagworm itself is used, the external shape of the bagworm egg collector is a natural pupa.
- the same or similar shape to the shell is preferred.
- a spindle shape including a substantially spindle shape
- a conical shape including a substantially conical shape
- the bagworm egg collector may have a branched tubular structure. In that case, each branch end can be provided with an accommodating portion (0203), an egg holding portion (0204), and an insertion hole (0202).
- the size of the bagworm egg collector is not particularly limited.
- the length in the major axis depends on the type of bagworm used, the size of the individual, and the length of the constituent parts.
- the lengths of the accommodating portion (0203) and the egg-retaining portion (0204), which will be described later, may be taken into consideration and appropriately determined.
- the length in the minor axis direction that is, the width (outer diameter) of the bagworm egg collector also differs depending on the type of bagworm used, the individual size, and the constituent parts.
- the size of the insertion hole (0202), the accommodating portion (0203), and the egg-retaining portion (0204), which will be described later, may be taken into consideration and appropriately determined.
- the width of the bagworm egg collector does not have to be uniform as a whole as in the cylindrical shape, but changes gradually from the top to the bottom of the egg-retaining portion as in the spindle shape shown in FIG. You may.
- At least the width of the bagworm egg collector needs to be longer because the insertion hole must have an inner diameter that can accommodate the abdomen of the bagworm that accommodates it, and the containment must have an inner diameter that can accommodate the abdomen of the female moth.
- a large species such as Eumeta varieum
- it may be in the range of 4 mm to 19 mm, 5 mm to 18 mm, 6 mm to 17 mm, or 7 mm to 16 mm, and is medium-sized such as Eumeta varieum.
- For seeds it may be in the range of 3 mm to 15 mm, 4 mm to 12 mm, or 5 mm to 10 mm.
- the thickness of the bagworm egg collector is not limited. It may be determined as appropriate in consideration of the manufacturing cost, rigidity of the material, and the like.
- the average thickness may be 0.5 mm or more, 0.6 mm or more, 0.7 mm or more, 0.8 mm or more, 0.9 mm or more, 1.0 mm or more, 1.2 mm or more, or 1.5 mm or more. It is preferably 3.0 mm or less, 2.8 mm or less, 2.5 mm or less, 2.2 mm or less, or 2.0 mm or less. Further, the thickness may be uniform as a whole, or may be different depending on the part.
- the material of the bagworm egg collector is not particularly limited. It may be composed of a natural material, an artificial material, or a combination thereof.
- natural materials include, for example, pupal shells of Minoga itself, metals (including alloys), minerals, animal-derived materials (including bones, teeth, fangs, horns, shells, scales, and horns), and plant-derived materials. (Including wood, bamboo, stems, and plant pieces) and the like.
- the artificial material include synthetic resin (including thermoplastic resin, thermosetting resin and synthetic rubber), ceramics (including ceramics and hollow), glass, paper, carbon fiber and the like.
- the synthetic resin include polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, vinyl acetate, cellulose acetate, acrylic resin, polycarbonate and the like.
- the material of the bagworm egg collector is preferably a transparent material or a translucent material in whole or in part. This is because the position of the copulation hole of the female moth housed in the bagworm egg collector, the establishment and cancellation of mating, and the presence or absence of spawning can be visually confirmed from the outside.
- transparent material refers to a material having a very high light transmittance. Due to this property, the other side can be clearly seen through the material. Specific examples of the transparent material include glass, polyethylene, polystyrene, polycarbonate, acrylic resin and the like.
- the term "translucent material” refers to a material that has the property of transmitting light. Although the light transmittance is lower than that of the transparent material, the state on the opposite side can be sufficiently confirmed through the material.
- Specific examples of the translucent material include, but are not limited to, polypropylene and the like.
- the female is housed in the same manner as the transparent material by providing fine holes in the housing part (0203) and / or the egg holding part (0204) of the egg collector.
- the moth can be visually observed from the outside, and at the same time, the air permeability of the accommodating portion and the egg-retaining portion can be improved.
- the diameter of the pores in such a microporous material may be 10 nm to 500 ⁇ m, 12 nm to 400 ⁇ m, 15 nm to 300 ⁇ m, 18 nm to 200 ⁇ m, 20 nm to 150 ⁇ m, 25 nm to 120 ⁇ m, or 30 nm to 100 ⁇ m.
- the number of holes is not limited. It may be determined as appropriate in consideration of the shape, size, rigidity, and internal visibility of the housing portion and the egg holding portion of the egg collector.
- tubular container having the above-mentioned shape, size, and material and which can be used as a bagworm egg collector
- a tubular container having the above-mentioned shape, size, and material and which can be used as a bagworm egg collector
- a bagworm egg collector examples include a 1.5 mL tube, a conical tube, a centrifuge tube, and the like.
- Insertion hole The "insertion hole” (0202) is a hole opened in a tubular container for accommodating a female moth in the storage portion (0203) described below in a bagworm egg collector. After emergence, the bagworm moth makes a hole in the head side of the pupal shell so that a part of the body can be exposed from the pupal shell.
- the insertion hole is a hole that imitates the opening in the artificial pupal shell minoga egg collector.
- the insertion hole has an inner diameter that fits with the abdomen of the female moth of the bagworm.
- the insertion hole is configured to be able to grip a part of the abdomen of the female moth to be inserted into the accommodation.
- This inner diameter may be about the same as the opening diameter of the female moth pupal shell in nature.
- the width of the abdomen of the female moth to be accommodated is sufficient.
- the "female moth abdominal width" is the width in the cross section including the short axis orthogonal to the long axis of the female moth abdomen.
- the abdominal width of the female moth is not constant because it expands and contracts during mating and spawning to perform peristaltic movements. Therefore, the inner diameter of the insertion hole may be the average abdominal width of the female moth.
- the "average abdominal width of a female moth” means an average abdominal width calculated from the abdominal width of the female moth during expansion and the abdominal width of contraction. Since it is sufficient to fit the female moth abdomen and the insertion hole, this average abdominal width does not have to be an exact value and may be an approximate value.
- the average abdominal width of the female moth is preferably the one immediately before being placed in the bagworm egg collector. Since the average abdominal width of the female moth varies depending on the type and individual of the bagworm, it may be appropriately determined according to the female bagworm of the bagworm to be used.
- the inner diameter of the insertion hole of the Minoga egg collector of the present invention is approximately within the range of 9.0 mm ⁇ 4.0 mm, 9.0 mm ⁇ 3.0 mm, or 9.0 mm ⁇ 2.0 mm when using Ominoga, and Chaminoga is used.
- the range may be approximately 7.5 mm ⁇ 5.5 mm, 7.5 mm ⁇ 4.0 mm, 7.5 mm ⁇ 3.0 mm, or 7.5 mm ⁇ 2.0 mm.
- the shape of the insertion hole is not limited, but considering that the cross section of the female moth abdomen of the present invention is substantially circular or substantially elliptical, the shape of the insertion hole fitted therein is also substantially circular or substantially elliptical. Is preferable.
- the accommodating portion The "accommodating portion” (0203) is a portion capable of accommodating the abdomen of the female moth inserted through the insertion hole (0202).
- the containment unit is an essential component of the bagworm egg collector (0201) and has an internal space for accommodating female moths. This internal space imitates the space inside the pupal shell where the female moth lurks after emergence in the artificial pupal shell Minoga egg collector.
- the storage portion includes an opening as the insertion hole in the bagworm egg collector and is coupled to the egg retention portion (0204) described later.
- accommodating means accommodating all or part of the abdomen of the female moth of the bagworm in the internal space.
- the shape of the housing is not particularly limited. As described above, in the artificial pupal shell, for example, a tubular shape is preferable in view of imitating the inside of the pupal shell.
- the inner diameter of the accommodating portion is also not limited, but is preferably equal to or less than the maximum abdominal width of the accommodating female moth.
- the internal space of the accommodating portion has at least a shape and size in which the abdomen of the accommodating female moth can peristaltic.
- the length of the long axis of the accommodating part may be longer than the abdomen of the female moth to be accommodated.
- the length may be longer than that.
- the length of the long axis of the accommodating portion differs depending on the type of bagworm, and may be determined by appropriately considering the total length of the female moth abdomen of the accommodating species.
- the total length of the abdomen of the female moth of Eumeta varieum is in the range of 10.0 mm to 30.0 mm, 12.0 mm to 26.0 mm, 14.0 mm to 24.0, 16.0 mm to 22.0 mm, and 5.0 mm to 26.0 mm, 14.0 mm for Eumeta varieum. It is in the range of ⁇ 24.0 and 16.0mm ⁇ 22.0.
- Egg-retaining part The "egg-retaining part” (0204) is a part that holds eggs after spawning.
- the egg-retaining part is an essential component of the bagworm egg collector (0201), and is connected to and integrated with the storage part (0203). However, both may be separable, or may be made of a material different from that of the accommodating portion.
- the egg-retaining section is provided below the storage section, that is, at the bottom of the bagworm egg collector, and holds and stores the laid eggs at least until the end of egg laying by the female moth or until the eggs hatch.
- the size of the egg-retaining part is not particularly limited as long as it has an internal space that can hold the egg.
- the length of the internal space may have a size of, for example, 2 mm or more, 3 mm or more, 5 mm or more, 10 mm or more, or 15 mm or more, 30 mm or less, 25 mm or less, or 20 mm or less. Therefore, the length of the egg-retaining portion may be longer than or equal to the length of the internal space.
- an extra space of several mm or more is usually formed from the tail end of the female moth to the bottom of the egg collector. This surplus space may be used as the internal space of the egg-retaining portion.
- the shape of the egg-retaining part is not particularly limited as long as it can hold the egg.
- a vessel having a conical shape, a pyramid shape, and a round bottom shape may be used.
- the egg-retaining part may include an egg-receiving means as a selective means.
- the "egg-receiving means” is a means that functions to store eggs after spawning in the egg-retaining part and to collect eggs from the bagworm egg collector. It is placed inside the egg-retaining part and is configured to be removable from the egg-retaining part.
- the shape of the egg receiving means is not limited. It may have an internal shape of the egg-retaining portion, a bag-shaped shape along the inside of the bagworm egg collector, a sheet-shaped shape used by pushing into the egg-retaining portion, or a combination thereof.
- the sheet-shaped egg receiving means is convenient because the egg mass inside the egg-retaining part can be easily collected by simply pulling it out from the upper part of the egg-retaining part or the upper part of the bagworm egg collecting device and spreading it.
- the form of the egg receiving means is not particularly limited, but usually a thin layer film, cloth, non-woven fabric, net, or a combination thereof may be used so that the space inside the egg-retaining portion can be maintained. In the case of a thin film, it may have one or more holes.
- the material of the egg receiving means is not limited.
- synthetic resin plastic, synthetic rubber
- natural resin natural rubber
- cellulose paper, plant fiber
- animal fiber hair, silk thread, leather, collagen, gelatin
- glass glass fiber
- carbon fiber etc.
- a transparent material or a translucent material that can confirm the presence or absence of spawning and the state inside the egg-retaining part is preferable.
- the wrap film for food packaging has excellent transparency and is particularly suitable.
- Materials for food wrap films include, but are not limited to, for example, polyvinylidene chloride (PVDC), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyethylene (PE), or polymethylpentene (PMP).
- FIG. 6 shows a specific example of the configuration of the egg receiving portion.
- a and B in this figure show a bagworm egg collector (0601) in which an egg receiving means (0602) composed of a thin film is arranged in the entire interior including an egg holding portion.
- a female bagworm (0603) is inserted into this bagworm egg collector and mated with a male individual, and then eggs are laid in the egg-retaining part.
- the obtained egg mass (0604) is collected by removing the female individual after spawning and then pulling it upward together with the egg receiving portion (0602) as shown by D to separate it from the bagworm egg collector (0601). After separation, the egg mass (0604) can be easily collected by expanding the sheet-shaped egg receiving portion (0602) as shown by E.
- the egg-retaining part may include a ventilation means (0207) as an optional means.
- the "ventilation means” is an opening provided to ensure ventilation in the internal space of the egg-retaining portion.
- the ventilation means is composed of one or more holes and / or slits that open to the outside world.
- a hole its size is not limited, but it is preferable that its maximum width is smaller than the diameter of the egg in terms of the function of holding the egg.
- the length and width thereof are not limited, but it is preferable that the maximum width is smaller than the diameter of the egg as in the case of the hole.
- a hole or slit with a maximum width larger than the diameter of the egg is provided, use a breathable material such as a filter, mesh, sponge, etc. to prevent the egg from falling or the hatched first-instar bagworm from escaping. It is desirable to block. Further, the egg-retaining portion itself may be made of a breathable material.
- the lid portion The "cover portion” (0205) is a selective component of the bagworm egg collector (0201) and is a portion that closes the insertion hole (0202).
- a lid that closes the insertion hole is not always necessary. However, by removing the female moth after spawning and opening the insertion hole, it is possible to prevent excessive drying of the egg in the egg-retaining part and escape of the hatched first-instar bagworm by providing a lid. ..
- the shape, size, and material of the lid are not particularly limited as long as the insertion hole can be closed.
- the material may be a non-breathable material, for example, natural rubber, synthetic resin, or the like, but a breathable material is preferable. Examples thereof include a porous material (sponge), a filter, a plant material (paper, etc.), and a thread ball (cotton ball, hemp ball, yarn ball, silk ball, etc.).
- the configuration for closing the insertion hole is not limited. It may be a push-in type such as a cork stopper or a rubber stopper, or a screw-in type such as a screw cap.
- the lid portion may be an integrated type with a bagworm egg collector, or may be a detachable separate type.
- the egg collection table "egg collection table” (0206) is a selective component of the bagworm egg collection device (0201), and is a table for arranging and fixing the egg collection device so that the insertion hole (0202) of the bagworm egg collection device faces upward. Is.
- “Upper” here means that the insertion hole of the bagworm egg collector is larger than 0 degrees and 90 degrees or less with respect to the horizontal plane, preferably the insertion hole is 45 degrees to 90 degrees and 60 degrees to 90 degrees with respect to the horizontal plane. Degree, 70-90 degree, 80-90 degree, or 85-90 degree. 80-90 degrees is more suitable.
- the direction of the insertion hole can be freely set.
- the surface is covered with the scales of the female moth and the egg mass falls from the insertion hole even if there is no female moth.
- the egg collection table may be an integrated type with a bagworm egg collector or a detachable separate type.
- separate types include racks, stands, or cases in which one or more bagworm egg collectors can be placed and held upright or tilted.
- the second aspect of the present invention is a method for mating bagworms.
- the bagworm mating is artificially established by using the bagworm egg collector according to the first aspect. According to the method of the present invention, problems in the conventional artificial bagworm mating method can be solved, and bagworm mating can be easily and efficiently established.
- the bagworm mating method of the present invention includes a mating step and a mating step as essential steps. Hereinafter, each step will be described.
- the “fitting step” is a step of inserting a bagworm moth from the insertion hole of the bagworm egg collector according to the first aspect. As a result, the abdomen of the female moth and the insertion hole are fitted (FIG. 3A).
- the female moth used in the method of this embodiment is an individual before spawning. It is desirable to be an uncopulated individual.
- the type of bagworm is not limited, but a wingless and legless morphology in which the female moth has a maggot-like morphology is preferable.
- naked female moths separated from the nest and pupal shell are used.
- the method for separating the female moth from the nest and the pupal shell is not particularly limited.
- the nest in which the female moth lurks is cut open with scissors or the like, the opening of the pupal shell is broken and widened, and then the female moth is pulled out using tweezers or the like.
- the female moth may be taken out by the above method after waiting for emergence and after the female moth has emerged to make a hole in the pupal shell.
- the "mating step” is a step of artificially inserting the abdominal end of a male moth into a minoga egg collector after the mating step to induce mating of male and female minoga. By this step, bagworm mating is established.
- the male moth uses the same type of bagworm as the female moth used in the fitting step.
- the male moth may be an uncopulated individual or a mated individual. Since a male moth can mate with a female moth multiple times, the male moth once used for artificial mating can be used again for artificial mating with another female moth.
- the male moth is fitted into the Minoga egg collector, and the abdominal end of the male moth is artificially inserted between the fixed female moth abdomen and the insertion hole.
- the insertion method is not limited.
- a male moth may be held by hand and its abdominal end may be inserted between the female moth's abdomen and the insertion hole (Fig. 3B).
- the male moth with the abdomen inserted then stretches its abdomen by itself, searches for the copulation hole of the female moth, and copulation is established (Fig. 3C). If the male moth cannot find the mating hole of the female moth well, the orientation and insertion position of the male moth may be finely adjusted by hand or the like to guide the male moth to facilitate mating.
- the bagworm egg collector is made of a transparent material or a translucent material, it is convenient because it is easy to visually check the inside state.
- the state of the female moth can be grasped unlike the conventional method.
- an egg collector made of transparent material not only can the male moth copulator be accurately guided to the female moth's copulation hole, but also the establishment and cancellation of copulation can be visually confirmed, resulting in a leap in copulation efficiency. Can be improved.
- a third aspect of the present invention is a method for collecting eggs of bagworm.
- the method of the present invention is a method of obtaining a large amount of eggs from bagworms by using the bagworm egg collector according to the first aspect. According to the method of the present invention, a large amount of bagworm eggs can be easily and stably obtained.
- the method for collecting eggs of Minoga of the present invention includes a mating step, a mating step, and an egg-laying step as essential steps, and also includes a male moth removing step and a female moth removing step as selective steps.
- the fitting step and the mating step are the same as the fitting step and the mating step in the bagworm mating method of the second aspect. That is, the bagworm egg collection method of this aspect is a method that follows the method of mating bagworms of the second aspect. Therefore, here, the description of the steps described in detail in the second aspect will be omitted, and the spawning step and the male moth removing step characteristic of this embodiment will be described below.
- male moth removal step is a step of removing a male individual after a mating step. It is a selective step in the bagworm egg collection method and, if necessary, prior to the next egg-laying step.
- the male moth Normally, after the mating process, the male moth voluntarily releases the mating, returns the elongated abdomen to its original position, and separates from the female moth. Therefore, after the mating step, it may be left as it is until the next spawning step.
- the male moth can be artificially separated and removed. In this case, after confirming that the male moth's copulation device and the female moth's copulation hole are separated and the copulation is released, the male moth is forcibly removed before it voluntarily separates. To remove the male moth, pull out the abdomen of the male moth while being careful not to remove the female moth from the bagworm egg collector, and then peel it off from the bagworm egg collector. The separated male moth can be used again in the mating step of another female moth as described above.
- the "egg-laying process” is a process of laying eggs in the egg-retaining part of the egg-collecting device after the mating process.
- An essential step in the bagworm egg collection method which is performed after the mating step or after the subsequent selective step of removing male moths.
- the temperature and humidity conditions from the establishment of mating to the start of spawning and during spawning are not so strict and are not particularly limited as long as they are within the active temperature range of bagworms.
- the temperature is preferably in the range of 20 to 25 ° C. and the humidity is preferably in the range of 45 to 70%.
- the female moth after mating is left untreated, it will start laying eggs within 24 hours after mating, and the dropped eggs will be retained in the egg-retaining part as an egg mass.
- Female moths lay about 1000-3000 eggs at a time, and the eggs become lumps. By recovering this egg mass, it is possible to easily and in large quantities obtain bagworm eggs, which have been difficult to obtain efficiently and stably in the past.
- the eggs can be collected in the state of eggs, the egg cleaning process, which was difficult in the past, becomes easy. Since this treatment can be eradicated and disinfected, even if the female parent moth is infected with bacteria or viruses, it is possible to prevent vertical transmission from the female parent moth and horizontal transmission due to contact between eggs.
- the material of the bagworm egg collector is a transparent material or a translucent material, it is possible to accurately grasp the amount of eggs laid in units of the number of eggs.
- the laid eggs can be stored as they are in the egg-retaining section without being collected.
- Female moth removal step is a step of removing female moths remaining in the Minoga egg collector after the egg-laying step. It is a selective step in the bagworm egg collection method and can be performed after the egg-laying step if necessary.
- Female moths that have finished spawning use their own scales to cover and harden the surface so that the eggs do not fall.
- the female moth itself serves as a lid for the pupal shell opening until just before hatching, and the egg mass is retained inside the pupal shell and the egg mass is prevented from falling from the opening.
- the female moth used in the Minoga egg collector of the present invention also serves as a lid that closes the insertion hole as it is after spawning, but the Minoga egg collector does not require a lid by the female moth itself because the egg mass does not fall from the insertion hole.
- the insect body of the female moth that is no longer needed after spawning is removed from the bagworm egg collector.
- the removal method is not limited.
- the female moth may be picked up from the bagworm egg collector using tweezers or the like.
- a lid is installed in the insertion hole after removing the female moth, if necessary.
- a fourth aspect of the present invention is a method for preparing a first-instar bagworm. According to the method of the present invention, bagworms, which have not been obtained in a unified manner other than field collection, can be easily and stably obtained as a large amount of first-instar bagworms. As a result, it becomes possible to carry out successive breeding of large-scale bagworms.
- Methods of this embodiment is carried out by either (1) a method using a bagworm egg collector or (2) a method of collecting eggs from the bagworm egg collector.
- the bagworm eggs obtained by the bagworm egg collection method of the third aspect using the bagworm egg collector of the first aspect are hatched in the egg-retaining part of the bagworm egg collector. It is a method of managing and recovering bagworms after hatching at the first instar. This method includes a heat insulating step and a first-instar bagworm recovery step as essential steps.
- the "heat insulation step” is a step of insulating the bagworm egg mass.
- the heat retention temperature is not particularly limited as long as it is a temperature that maintains or promotes the development of eggs. Normally, bagworm eggs can develop in the range of 15 ° C to 35 ° C. Therefore, it may be within this temperature range. For example, it may be in the range of 18 ° C to 32 ° C or 20 ° C to 30 ° C.
- the egg to be kept warm in this step is an egg mass obtained by the bagworm egg collection method of the third aspect, and is kept warm as it is in the egg holding part of the bagworm egg collector used for egg collection.
- the heat insulation may be performed at the predetermined temperature in the room where the bagworm egg collector is installed or in the incubator.
- the heat insulation period is not limited, but usually it may be the period until the eggs hatch after spawning.
- the period from spawning to hatching may vary depending on the type of bagworm and hatching conditions.
- Eumeta varieum is approximately 14 to 30 days, for example, 17 to 26 days, and Eumeta varieum is approximately 11 to 30 days, for example, 14. It will be from 1 day to 27 days.
- bagworm egg collector By using a transparent material or a translucent material for the bagworm egg collector, it is possible to visually track the state of the eggs in the egg-retaining part from the time of spawning to the time of hatching, and it is possible to visually track the state of the eggs in the egg-retaining part. When corrosion, drying, etc. occur, it can be quickly found and dealt with.
- bagworm hatching occurs several times over several days, but by being able to visualize the process up to hatching, it is possible to accurately grasp the start and end times of hatching, and after hatching accordingly. It is also possible to prepare the breeding environment of the bagworm in advance.
- the “first-instar bagworm recovery step” is a step of recovering the first-instar bagworm hatched in the egg-retaining section from the egg-retaining section after the heat-retaining step.
- the recovery method is not limited, but the recovery technique of the first-instar silk moth in the sericulture industry can be applied.
- the first-instar bagworm in the egg-retaining part may be swept up with a feather brush or a brush and moved to a place where the bagworm is raised. After migration, the first-instar bagworms start nesting immediately using the nest material. This makes it possible to obtain a large amount of first-instar bagworms, which was difficult with conventional techniques.
- the bagworm eggs obtained by the bagworm egg collection method of the third aspect using the bagworm egg collector of the first aspect are used as the egg-retaining part of the bagworm egg collector. It is a method of collecting bagworms from the ground, managing them until hatching, and collecting bagworms after hatching at the first instar. In this method, an egg recovery step and a heat insulation step are included as essential steps, and a first-instar bagworm recovery step is included as a selection step.
- the “egg recovery step” is a step of collecting the eggs obtained by the bagworm egg collection method of the third aspect from the egg-retaining portion.
- the eggs after the spawning step are taken out from the insertion hole or from the other mouth of the bagworm egg collector and collected.
- the method of collecting from the egg-retaining part is not limited.
- the sweeping method may be applied, or the entire egg mass may be scooped up with a small spatula such as an earpick.
- the eggs can be washed away from the egg-retaining part with water or a buffer and collected.
- the "heat insulation step” is a step of keeping the bagworm eggs warm.
- the heat insulating step is basically the same as the method described in the heat insulating step of (1-1), but the heat insulating step of (1-1) is performed in that the egg is not kept warm inside the egg holding section but outside the bagworm egg collector. Is different.
- the method of keeping warm outside the bagworm egg collector is not particularly limited, but it is desirable to keep warm in a place where appropriate humidity is maintained in order to prevent excessive humidity and drying. For example, there is a method in which the collected eggs are transferred together with the egg mass onto a paper such as a silk moth spawning mount, and the mount serving as a pedestal is moistened to prevent drying while keeping the eggs warm at the heat retention temperature.
- First-instar bagworm recovery step The recovery of the first-instar bagworm after hatching can be performed according to the method described in the first-instar bagworm recovery step of (1-2) above. For example, it may be swept up with a feather moth or the like and moved to a place that becomes a bagworm moth.
- the bagworm eggs collected in the egg collection step can be obtained in large quantities in the breeding container without collecting the first-instar larvae hatched after the heat retention step by, for example, placing them in the breeding container. Therefore, this step is a selection step and may be carried out as needed.
- Example 1 Artificial mating of bagworms using a bagworm egg collector> (Purpose) Artificial mating of bagworms is performed using the bagworm egg collector of the present invention. (Method and result) The last-instar larvae of Eumeta varieum collected in the field were emerged in a natural environment, and the obtained male and female moths were used.
- the bagworm egg collector of the present invention a 1.5 mL tube (Eppendorf) with the cap cut off was used. At this time, the inner diameter of the insertion hole is 9.7 mm, and the length (the length of the long axis of the egg collector) in which the accommodating part and the egg holding part are integrated is 30 mm.
- the female moth was taken out from the nest and pupal shell using scissors and tweezers, and the abdominal end was inserted from the insertion hole of the bagworm egg collector and fixed to the bagworm egg collector (Fig. 3A).
- the male moth abdomen When the male moth abdomen is inserted between the insertion hole and the female moth abdomen, the male moth spontaneously extends the abdomen toward the female moth's mating hole, and the female moth also perturbs the abdomen contained in the accommodation. Then, the abdominal end of the male moth was guided to its own mating hole, and mating within the containment was established. Since the 1.5 mL tube is made of polypropylene, which is a translucent material, it was possible to visually confirm the establishment of copulation in the housing from the outside (Fig. 3C).
- Example 2 Bagworm egg collection using a bagworm egg collector>
- Bagworm eggs are collected using the bagworm egg collector of the present invention.
- Method and result After mating the male and female bagworm moths in the bagworm egg collector by the method of Example 1, the male moths were manually removed from the egg collector. With the female moths left in the egg collector, the bagworm was kept warm at a temperature of 24 ° C. with the insertion hole of the bagworm egg collector facing upward. About half a day after the mating was established, the female moth started laying eggs in the egg-retaining part, and about half a day later, about 2000 eggs were obtained.
- FIG. 4 shows a state about 3 hours after the start of spawning.
- Example 3 Large-scale preparation of first-instar bagworm> (Purpose) A large amount of first-instar bagworms are prepared from the bagworm eggs collected using the bagworm egg collector of the present invention. (Method and result) The eggs obtained in Example 2 were kept warm in the egg-retaining part for 21 days at 24 ° C. in the egg mass state as shown in FIG. 5A. By this method, the target first-instar bagworm could be hatched in large quantities with a high hatching rate of 90% or more (Fig. 5B).
- Example 4 Bagworm egg collector provided with egg receiving means> (Purpose) To verify the effect on egg laying and hatching in the egg receiving means of the bagworm egg collector of the present invention. (Method) For the bagworm egg collector of the present invention, a 1.5 mL tube (Eppendorf) with a cap cut off was used as in Example 1. A transparent thin film (wrap film for food packaging: poly wrap: Ube Film Co., Ltd .: polyethylene) cut into a square of 80 mm ⁇ 80 mm was pushed into this tube along the inner wall of the tube to serve as an egg receiving means. The actual state is shown in FIG. 6A. A tube without egg receiving means was used as a control.
- Example 1 After inserting the female moth and mating with the male moth in the same manner as in Example 1, the presence or absence of spawning, the visibility of the egg in the egg-retaining part from the outside, the difficulty of collecting the egg, the number of fertilization, the number of successful hatching, and the hatching. The success rate was evaluated and calculated. (result) The results are shown in Table 1. For fertilization, an egg in which bagworm embryogenesis was confirmed was judged to be a fertilized egg. The hatching success rate was defined as the ratio of the number of successful hatchings to the number of fertilized fertilizations. From Table 1, it was clarified that the bagworm egg collector having the egg receiving means does not affect the egg laying.
- the egg receiving means is a transparent material, it is possible to confirm the presence or absence and the state of the egg mass inside the egg-retaining part from the outside as long as the egg-retaining part is also a transparent material. Further, regarding the collection of eggs, when the egg receiving means is provided, the egg mass can be easily collected only by pulling out the egg receiving means from the bagworm egg collector and spreading it as shown in FIG. 6E. On the other hand, when there is no egg receiving means, it is difficult to perform operations such as inverting the bagworm egg collector and scraping the egg mass from the insertion hole.
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Abstract
Description
(2)前記保卵部が通気手段を有する、(1)に記載の採卵器。
(3)前記保卵部がその内部に産卵後の卵を収容及び回収するための着脱可能な受卵手段を有する、(1)又は(2)に記載の採卵器。
(4)前記挿入孔を塞ぐ蓋部を有する、(1)又は(2)に記載の採卵器。
(5)前記管状容器の全部又は一部が透明素材又は透光性素材で構成されている、(1)~(3)のいずれかに記載の採卵器。
(6)前記受卵手段が透明素材又は透光性素材からなる薄層フィルムで構成されている、(1)~(5)のいずれかに記載の採卵器。
(7)前記挿入孔が上方を向くように前記採卵器を配置する採卵台を備える、(1)~(4)のいずれかに記載の採卵器。
(8)ミノガの交配方法であって、ミノガ雌成虫個体を(1)~(7)のいずれかに記載のミノガの採卵器の挿入孔に腹部末端から挿入し、その腹部を前記挿入孔に嵌合させる嵌合工程、及び前記挿入孔と前記雌成虫個体腹部の間にミノガ雄成虫個体の腹部末端を挿入して交尾させる交尾工程を含む前記交配方法。
(9)前記ミノガは、雌成虫個体が無翅無脚形態種である、(8)に記載の交配方法。
(10)前記雌成虫個体が未交尾個体である、(8)又は(9)に記載の交配方法。
(11)ミノガの採卵方法であって、巣及び蛹殻から分離したミノガ雌成虫個体を(1)~(7)のいずれかに記載のミノガの採卵器の挿入孔に腹部末端から挿入し、その腹部を前記挿入孔に嵌合させる嵌合工程、前記挿入孔と前記雌成虫個体腹部の間にミノガ雄成虫個体の腹部末端を挿入して交尾させる交尾工程、及び前記採卵器の保卵部内に産卵させる産卵工程を含む前記採卵方法。
(12)産卵工程後の雌個体を除去する雌除去工程をさらに含む、(11)に記載の採卵方法。
(13)初齢ミノムシの調製方法であって、(11)又は(12)に記載のミノガの採卵方法で得られたミノガの卵を前記保卵部内で保温する保温工程、及び孵化した初齢ミノムシを回収する初齢ミノムシ回収工程を含む前記調製方法。
(14)初齢ミノムシの調製方法であって、(11)又は(12)に記載のミノガの採卵方法で得られたミノガの卵を前記保卵部から回収する卵回収工程、及び回収した卵を保温する保温工程を含む前記調製方法。
本明細書は本願の優先権の基礎となる日本国特許出願番号2020-205316号の開示内容を包含する。
1-1.概要
本発明の第1の態様は、ミノガの採卵器である。本発明の採卵器は、管状容器で構成されている。本発明の採卵器によれば、ミノガの人工交配を容易にし、その交尾効率を向上させるだけでなく、容易かつ安定的な採卵が可能になる。
本明細書で頻用する以下の用語について定義する。
「ミノガ」とは、チョウ目(Lepidoptera)ミノガ科(Psychidae)に属する蛾の総称をいう。本明細書では、特段の断りのない限り、ミノガと記載した場合には、雌雄を問わずミノガの成虫を指すものとする。また、本明細書では、しばしば「雌成虫(個体)」及び「雄成虫(個体)」を、それぞれ「雌蛾」及び「雄蛾」と表記する。
本発明のミノガ採卵器の構成を図2に示す。この図で示すように、本発明のミノガ採卵器(0201)は、挿入孔(0202)、収容部(0203)、及び保卵部(0204)を必須の構成要素として含み、蓋部(0205)又は産卵台(0206)を選択的構成要素として含む。以下、それぞれの構成について、具体的に説明をする。
(1)構造
本発明のミノガ採卵器(0201)は、管状容器で構成されている。本明細書において「管状容器」とは、管状の形状を有し、ミノガの雌成虫を収容し得る内部空間を備えた容器をいう。また、ミノガ採卵器において、管状容器の少なくとも一端は開口しており、前記内部空間はその開口部を介して外界と接する。
ミノガ採卵器の材質は、特に限定はしない。天然素材又は人工素材、それらの組み合わせで構成されていてもよい。ここで、天然素材には、例えば、ミノガ自身の蛹殻、金属(合金を含む)、鉱物、動物由来素材(骨、歯、牙、角、甲羅、鱗、及び角を含む)、植物由来素材(木材、竹、茎、植物片を含む)等が挙げられる。人工素材には、例えば、合成樹脂(熱可塑性樹脂、熱硬化性樹脂、合成ゴムを含む)、陶磁器(セラミックス、ホーローを含む)、ガラス、紙、炭素繊維等が挙げられる。また、合成樹脂には、例えば、ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン、ポリスチレン、酢酸ビニル、酢酸セルロース、アクリル樹脂、及びポリカーボネート等が挙げられる。
「挿入孔」(0202)は、ミノガ採卵器において、雌蛾を次述の収容部(0203)に収容するため管状容器に開口した孔である。ミノガの雌蛾は、羽化後に、蛹殻の頭部側に孔を開けて、蛹殻から体の一部を露出可能な状態にする。挿入孔は、人工蛹殻のミノガ採卵器において、その開口部を模した孔となる。
「収容部」(0203)は、前記挿入孔(0202)から挿入した雌蛾の腹部を収容可能な部である。収容部は、ミノガ採卵器(0201)における必須の構成要素であって、雌蛾を収容するための内部空間を有する。この内部空間は、人工蛹殻のミノガ採卵器においては雌蛾が羽化後に潜む蛹殻内部の空間を模す。収容部は、ミノガ採卵器において、前記挿入孔としての開口部を含み、また後述の保卵部(0204)と結合する。
「保卵部」(0204)は、産卵後の卵を保持する部である。保卵部は、ミノガ採卵器(0201)における必須の構成要素であって、前記収容部(0203)と連結されて、一体化されている。ただし、両者は分離可能であってもよいし、また収容部と異なる材質で構成されていてもよい。
「蓋部」(0205)は、ミノガ採卵器(0201)における選択的な構成要素で、前記挿入孔(0202)を塞ぐ部である。挿入孔を塞ぐ蓋は必ずしも必要ではない。しかし、産卵後の雌蛾を除去し、挿入孔が開放されることによる保卵部内の卵の過度な乾燥や、孵化した初齢ミノムシの逃亡を、蓋部を備えることで防止することができる。
蓋部は、ミノガ採卵器と一体化型でもよいし、着脱可能な分離型でもよい。
「採卵台」(0206)は、ミノガ採卵器(0201)における選択的な構成要素で、ミノガ採卵器の挿入孔(0202)が上方を向くように前記採卵器を配置し、固定する台である。
2-1.概要
本発明の第2の態様は、ミノガの交配方法である。本発明の方法は、第1態様に記載のミノガ採卵器を用いて、ミノガの交尾を人為的に成立させる。本発明の方法によれば、従来のミノガの人工交配方法における問題点を解決し、容易、かつ効率的にミノガの交尾を成立させることができる。
本発明のミノガの交配方法は、嵌合工程、及び交尾工程を必須の工程として含む。以下、それぞれの工程について説明する。
「嵌合工程」は、ミノガの雌蛾を第1態様に記載のミノガ採卵器の挿入孔から挿入する工程である。これにより雌蛾腹部と前記挿入孔が嵌合する(図3A)。
「交尾工程」は、嵌合工程後のミノガ採卵器に雄蛾の腹部末端を人為的に挿入して雌雄のミノガの交尾を誘導する工程である。本工程により、ミノガの交尾が成立する。
本発明のミノガの交配方法によれば、従来法と異なり、雌蛾の状態を把握できる。また透明素材等の採卵器を使用することで、雄蛾の交尾器を雌蛾の交尾孔に的確に誘導することができるだけでなく、交尾の成立と解除も目視で確認できるので交尾効率を飛躍的に向上させることが可能となる。
3-1.概要
本発明の第3の態様は、ミノガの採卵方法である。本発明の方法は、第1態様に記載のミノガ採卵器を用いることで、ミノガから大量の卵を得る方法である。本発明の方法によれば、大量のミノガの卵を容易かつ安定的に入手することができる。
本発明のミノガの採卵方法は、嵌合工程、交尾工程、及び産卵工程を必須の工程として含み、また雄蛾除去工程、及び雌蛾除去工程を選択的工程として含む。このうち、嵌合工程、及び交尾工程は、前記第2態様のミノガ交配方法における嵌合工程、及び交尾工程と同一である。つまり、本態様のミノガ採卵方法は、第2態様のミノガの交配方法に引き続き行われる方法である。そこで、ここでは、第2態様で詳述している工程についての説明は省略し、本態様に特徴的な産卵工程及び雄蛾除去工程について、以下で説明をする。
「雄蛾除去工程」は、交尾工程後、雄個体を除去する工程である。ミノガの採卵方法における選択的工程で、必要に応じて、次の産卵工程に先立ち行われる。
「産卵工程」は、交尾工程後、採卵器の保卵部内に産卵させる工程である。ミノガの採卵方法における必須の工程で、交尾工程後、又はそれに続く選択的工程である雄蛾除去工程後に行われる。交配成立から産卵開始及び産卵中の温湿度条件は、それほど厳密ではなく、ミノガの活動温度範囲内であれば特に限定はしない。好ましくは温度20~25℃、湿度45~70%の範囲であればよい。
「雌蛾除去工程」は、産卵工程後、ミノガ採卵器に残る雌蛾を除去する工程である。ミノガの採卵方法における選択的工程で、必要に応じて産卵工程後に行うことができる。
本発明のミノガの採卵方法によれば、交尾後の雌蛾に効率的に産卵させることができ、また従来方法と比較して、産卵の確認や、卵の回収も極めて容易になる。
4-1.概要
本発明の第4の態様は、初齢ミノムシの調製方法である。本発明の方法によれば、これまで野外採取以外にまとまった入手方法がなかったミノムシを、大量の初齢ミノムシとして、簡便、かつ安定的に入手することができる。それによって、ミノムシの大量飼育の累代飼育が可能となる。
本態様の方法は、以下の(1)ミノガ採卵器を用いる方法、又は(2)ミノガ採卵器から卵を回収する方法のいずれかで行われる。
この方法は、前記第1態様のミノガ採卵器を用いて第3態様のミノガ採卵方法で得られたミノガの卵を、ミノガ採卵器の保卵部内で孵化まで管理し、孵化後のミノムシを初齢で回収する方法である。
この方法では、保温工程と初齢ミノムシ回収工程を必須の工程として含む。
「保温工程」は、ミノガの卵塊を保温する工程である。保温温度は、卵の発生を維持、又は促進する温度であれば特に限定はしない。通常、ミノガの卵は、15℃~35℃の範囲内で発生し得る。したがって、この温度の範囲内にあればよい。例えば、18℃~32℃、又は20℃~30℃の範囲であればよい。
「初齢ミノムシ回収工程」は、前記保温工程後、保卵部内で孵化した初齢ミノムシを保卵部から回収する工程である。回収方法は限定しないが、養蚕業での初齢カイコの回収技術を応用することができる。例えば、保卵部内の初齢ミノムシを羽箒や筆を用いて掃立て、ミノムシを育成する場所に移せばよい。初齢ミノムシは、移動後、巣材を利用して直ちに巣の作製を開始する。これにより、従来技術では困難であった大量の初齢ミノムシの入手が可能となる。
この方法は、前記第1態様のミノガ採卵器を用いて第3態様のミノガ採卵方法で得られたミノガの卵を、ミノガ採卵器の保卵部から回収し、外部で孵化まで管理し、孵化後のミノムシを初齢で回収する方法である。この方法では、卵回収工程と保温工程を必須の工程として、また初齢ミノムシ回収工程を選択工程として含む。
「卵回収工程」は、第3態様のミノガ採卵方法で得られた卵を保卵部から回収する工程である。本工程では、産卵工程後の卵を挿入孔から、又はミノガ採卵器の他の口部から取り出し、回収する。保卵部からの回収方法は、限定しない。例えば掃立ての方法を応用してもよいし、耳かきのような小ヘラで卵塊ごと掬い取ってもよい。又は、水やバッファで卵を保卵部から洗い流して回収することもできる。
「保温工程」は、ミノガの卵を保温する工程である。保温工程は、前記(1-1)の保温工程に記載の方法に原則準ずるが、卵の保温を保卵部内ではなく、ミノガ採卵器の外部で行う点で前記(1-1)の保温工程と異なる。ミノガ採卵器の外部で保温する方法は特に限定はしないが、過度の過湿や乾燥を防ぐため、適切な湿度が保持された場所で保温することが望ましい。例えば、カイコの産卵台紙のような紙の上に回収した卵を卵塊ごと移し、台座となる台紙を湿らせて乾燥を防ぎながら前記保温温度で保温する方法が挙げられる。
孵化後の初齢ミノムシの回収は、前記(1-2)の初齢ミノムシ回収工程に記載の方法に準じて行うことができる。例えば、羽箒等を用いて掃立て、ミノムシの蚕座となる場所に移せばよい。
(目的)
本発明のミノガ採卵器を用いてミノガの人工交配を行う。
(方法及び結果)
野外採集したオオミノガの終齢幼虫を自然環境下で羽化させて、得られた雄蛾と雌蛾を使用した。
(目的)
本発明のミノガ採卵器を用いてミノガの採卵を行う。
(方法及び結果)
実施例1の方法によりオオミノガの雄蛾と雌蛾をミノガ採卵器内で交配させた後、雄蛾を採卵器から手操作により取り除いた。採卵器内に雌蛾を残した状態で、ミノガ採卵器の挿入孔を上方に向けたままで、温度24℃で保温静置した。交配成立の約半日後より雌蛾は保卵部内に産卵を開始し、さらに約半日後には2000個程度の卵が得られた。図4は産卵開始から約3時間後の様子である。
(目的)
本発明のミノガ採卵器を用いて採取したミノガの卵より初齢ミノムシを大量に調製する。
(方法及び結果)
実施例2で得られた卵を、図5Aに示すように卵塊状態のまま、保卵部内で24℃にて21日間保温した。この方法により、目的の初齢ミノムシを90%以上の高い孵化率で大量に孵化させることができた(図5B)。
(目的)
本発明のミノガ採卵器の受卵手段における産卵や孵化への影響を検証する。
(方法)
本発明のミノガ採卵器には、実施例1と同様にキャップを切り取った1.5mLチューブ(エッペンドルフ社)を用いた。このチューブ内に80mm×80mmの方形に裁断した透明薄層フィルム(食品包装用ラップフィルム:ポリラップ:宇部フィルム株式会社:ポリエチレン)をチューブ内壁に沿うように押し込み、受卵手段とした。実際の状態を図6Aに示す。対照には受卵手段のないチューブを用いた。
実施例1と同様に雌蛾を挿入し、雄蛾と交尾させた後、産卵の有無、外部から保卵部内の卵の可視性、卵の回収の難易、受精数、孵化成功数、及び孵化成功率について評価、及び算出した。
(結果)
結果を表1に示す。
孵化成功率は、受精数に対する孵化成功数の割合とした。
表1より、受卵手段を有するミノガ採卵器も産卵には影響しないことが明らかとなった。また、受卵手段が透明素材であれば、保卵部も透明素材である限り、保卵部内部の卵塊の有無や状態を外部から確認することは可能なことも明らかとなった。さらに、卵の回収については、受卵手段を有する場合、ミノガ採卵器から受卵手段を引き抜き、図6Eで示すように広げるだけで卵塊を容易に回収することができる。一方、受卵手段がない場合、ミノガ採卵器を反転させたり、挿入孔から卵塊を掻き出したりする等の操作が必要で、困難であった。また、受精や孵化成功数、それらから算出される孵化成功率については、受卵手段のない場合よりも若干の低下はみられるものの、受卵手段が交尾や産卵後の卵に対する影響はほとんどないことも明らかとなった。
以上の結果から、本発明のミノガ採卵器を使用した採卵において、産卵後の卵塊をミノガ採卵器から回収する場合には、受卵手段を備えたミノガ採卵器が効率的である。
本明細書で引用した全ての刊行物、特許及び特許出願はそのまま引用により本明細書に組み入れられるものとする。
Claims (14)
- 管状容器からなるミノガの採卵器であって、
ミノガ雌成虫が嵌合する内径を有する挿入孔、
前記雌成虫の腹部を収容可能な収容部、及び
産卵後の卵を保持する保卵部
を有する前記採卵器。 - 前記保卵部が通気手段を有する、請求項1に記載の採卵器。
- 前記保卵部がその内部に産卵後の卵を収容及び回収するための着脱可能な受卵手段を有する、請求項1又は2に記載の採卵器。
- 前記挿入孔を塞ぐ蓋部を有する、請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の採卵器。
- 前記管状容器の全部又は一部が透明素材又は透光性素材で構成されている、請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の採卵器。
- 前記受卵手段が透明素材又は透光性素材からなる薄層フィルムで構成されている、請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載の採卵器。
- 前記挿入孔が上方を向くように前記採卵器を配置する採卵台を備える、請求項1~6のいずれか一項に記載の採卵器。
- ミノガの交配方法であって、
ミノガ雌成虫個体を請求項1~7のいずれか一項に記載のミノガの採卵器の挿入孔に腹部末端から挿入し、その腹部を前記挿入孔に嵌合させる嵌合工程、及び
前記挿入孔と前記雌成虫個体腹部の間にミノガ雄成虫個体の腹部末端を挿入して交尾させる交尾工程
を含む前記交配方法。 - 前記ミノガは、雌成虫個体が無翅無脚形態種である、請求項8に記載の交配方法。
- 前記雌成虫個体が未交尾個体である、請求項8又は9に記載の交配方法。
- ミノガの採卵方法であって、
巣及び蛹殻から分離したミノガ雌成虫個体を請求項1~7のいずれか一項に記載のミノガの採卵器の挿入孔に腹部末端から挿入し、その腹部を前記挿入孔に嵌合させる嵌合工程、
前記挿入孔と前記雌成虫個体腹部の間にミノガ雄成虫個体の腹部末端を挿入して交尾させる交尾工程、及び
前記採卵器の保卵部内に産卵させる産卵工程
を含む前記採卵方法。 - 産卵工程後の雌個体を除去する雌除去工程をさらに含む、請求項11に記載の採卵方法。
- 初齢ミノムシの調製方法であって、
請求項11又は12に記載のミノガの採卵方法で得られたミノガの卵を前記保卵部内で保温する保温工程、及び
孵化した初齢ミノムシを回収する初齢ミノムシ回収工程
を含む前記調製方法。 - 初齢ミノムシの調製方法であって、
請求項11又は12に記載のミノガの採卵方法で得られたミノガの卵を前記保卵部から回収する卵回収工程、及び
回収した卵を保温する保温工程
を含む前記調製方法。
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JP2018074951A (ja) * | 2016-11-09 | 2018-05-17 | 国立研究開発法人農業・食品産業技術総合研究機構 | 巣内のミノムシの状態を識別する方法及び活動期のミノムシを採取する方法 |
WO2019003364A1 (ja) | 2017-06-29 | 2019-01-03 | 国立研究開発法人農業・食品産業技術総合研究機構 | 長尺ミノムシ絹糸の生産方法及びその生産装置 |
JP2019044117A (ja) * | 2017-09-05 | 2019-03-22 | 国立研究開発法人農業・食品産業技術総合研究機構 | 繊維強化複合材料及びその製造方法 |
JP2020205316A (ja) | 2019-06-14 | 2020-12-24 | 株式会社豊田自動織機 | 金属基板及び金属基板の製造方法 |
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WO2019003364A1 (ja) | 2017-06-29 | 2019-01-03 | 国立研究開発法人農業・食品産業技術総合研究機構 | 長尺ミノムシ絹糸の生産方法及びその生産装置 |
JP2019044117A (ja) * | 2017-09-05 | 2019-03-22 | 国立研究開発法人農業・食品産業技術総合研究機構 | 繊維強化複合材料及びその製造方法 |
JP2020205316A (ja) | 2019-06-14 | 2020-12-24 | 株式会社豊田自動織機 | 金属基板及び金属基板の製造方法 |
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