WO2022123629A1 - 受信装置、及び受信方法 - Google Patents
受信装置、及び受信方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022123629A1 WO2022123629A1 PCT/JP2020/045482 JP2020045482W WO2022123629A1 WO 2022123629 A1 WO2022123629 A1 WO 2022123629A1 JP 2020045482 W JP2020045482 W JP 2020045482W WO 2022123629 A1 WO2022123629 A1 WO 2022123629A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/08—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station
- H04B7/0802—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station using antenna selection
- H04B7/0805—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station using antenna selection with single receiver and antenna switching
- H04B7/0814—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station using antenna selection with single receiver and antenna switching based on current reception conditions, e.g. switching to different antenna when signal level is below threshold
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
- H01Q3/44—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the electric or magnetic characteristics of reflecting, refracting, or diffracting devices associated with the radiating element
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
- H01Q3/44—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the electric or magnetic characteristics of reflecting, refracting, or diffracting devices associated with the radiating element
- H01Q3/446—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the electric or magnetic characteristics of reflecting, refracting, or diffracting devices associated with the radiating element the radiating element being at the centre of one or more rings of auxiliary elements
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
- H01Q5/30—Arrangements for providing operation on different wavebands
- H01Q5/378—Combination of fed elements with parasitic elements
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
- H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
- H01Q9/16—Resonant antennas with feed intermediate between the extremities of the antenna, e.g. centre-fed dipole
- H01Q9/18—Vertical disposition of the antenna
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/0413—MIMO systems
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a wireless communication system that performs MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) communication.
- MIMO Multiple Input Multiple Output
- Wireless communication traffic continues to increase due to the rapid spread of wireless devices.
- it is required to increase the capacity of the wireless communication system.
- MIMO that performs spatial division multiplex transmission at the same frequency and at the same time using a plurality of antennas has been put into practical use.
- research and development of large-scale (Massive) MIMO using a large number of antennas is underway for further expansion of the capacity realized by MIMO.
- Massive MIMO requires a large number of antennas in a wireless base station, an RF unit that performs amplification and filtering connected to each antenna, and a conversion unit that converts analog and digital signals. Therefore, there is a problem that the size and cost of the radio base station increase.
- Non-Patent Document 1 discloses a technique of Virtual Massive MIMO (VM-MIMO).
- VM-MIMO Virtual Massive MIMO
- the radio base station in the uplink Massive MIMO, the radio base station has a variable characteristic antenna for signals transmitted from a plurality of antennas at the same frequency and at the same time. Reception is performed while periodically switching the antenna characteristics at high speed. Further, a signal having the same antenna characteristics from the received signal sampled at a higher speed than usual is divided and extracted from the sampled received signal, and the extracted signal is subjected to general multi-user MIMO reception processing. By doing this, it is possible to receive Massive MIMO with a small number of antennas.
- the VM-MIMO technology enables reception of Massive MIMO with a small number of antennas, so that the size and cost of the wireless base station can be reduced. As a factor that determines the transmission quality of this VM-MIMO, it is necessary to switch the antenna characteristics at high speed synchronized with the sampling frequency.
- VM-MIMO As one of the means to make the antenna characteristics variable, it is conceivable to change the antenna element length by changing the capacitance using a varicap diode like an EPAR (Electronically Steerable Passive Array Radiator) antenna.
- EPAR Electrically Steerable Passive Array Radiator
- VM-MIMO cannot be realized because the variable antenna characteristics due to the above have a problem in high speed. It should be noted that such a problem can occur not only in a wireless base station that performs VM-MIMO reception processing but also in a wireless terminal station that performs VM-MIMO reception processing.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above points, and in a receiving device that receives MIMO signals transmitted from a plurality of antennas of the transmitting device at the same frequency and at the same time with a variable characteristic antenna, the antenna characteristics are switched at high speed.
- the purpose is to provide the technology that makes it possible.
- the antenna control unit and A characteristic variable antenna that receives MIMO signals transmitted from a plurality of antennas while switching antenna characteristics based on the control signal output from the antenna control unit.
- a conversion unit that samples the received signal received by the variable characteristic antenna at a predetermined sampling cycle, and A signal dividing unit that extracts each signal from a plurality of signals corresponding to the plurality of antenna characteristics obtained by the conversion unit, and a signal dividing unit.
- a MIMO signal demodulation unit that executes MIMO demodulation processing on the signal output from the signal division unit is provided.
- the characteristic variable antenna includes a plurality of non-feeding elements, and the antenna control unit provides a receiving device that outputs a control signal to each non-feeding element with a time lag.
- the antenna characteristics can be switched at high speed.
- the technology that enables it is provided.
- a wireless terminal station 1 is used as a transmitting device and a wireless base station 2 is used as a receiving device
- a wireless base station 2 is used as a transmitting device and wireless as a receiving device. Even when the terminal station 1 is used, the technique according to the present invention can be applied to the receiving device.
- FIG. 1 shows a configuration example of a wireless communication system according to the present embodiment.
- the wireless communication system in the present embodiment has a wireless terminal station 1 and a wireless base station 2.
- the radio terminal station 1 has a plurality of antennas, and the radio base station 2 has one characteristic variable antenna.
- the number of characteristic variable antennas in the radio base station 2 may be plural.
- uplink communication from the wireless terminal station 1 to the wireless base station 2 is targeted.
- the radio base station 2 receives the signal transmitted from one radio terminal station 1, but this is an example.
- the technique according to the present embodiment can be applied even when the radio base station 2 receives signals transmitted from a plurality of radio terminal stations 1 (that is, in the case of multi-user MIMO). ..
- the radio base station 2 receives Massive MIMO with one characteristic variable antenna by the technique of Virtual Massive MIMO (VM-MIMO) disclosed in Non-Patent Document 1.
- VM-MIMO Virtual Massive MIMO
- the radio base station 2 receives signals transmitted from a plurality of antennas of the radio terminal station 1 at the same frequency and at the same time while periodically changing the antenna characteristics at high speed.
- the radio base station 2 samples the received signal at a higher speed than usual, divides and extracts the received signal at the timing when the antenna characteristics are the same from the sampled received signal, and extracts the extracted received signal in general.
- each extracted received signal can be regarded as a signal arriving from different propagation paths, so that the number of antennas can be virtually increased and Massive MIMO can be received.
- the radio base station 2 receives a signal while periodically changing the four antenna characteristics 1 to 4.
- the timing signal of the antenna characteristic 1 is indicated by “1”
- the timing signal of the antenna characteristic 2 is indicated by “2”
- the timing signal of the antenna characteristic 3 is indicated by "3”
- the antenna characteristic is indicated.
- the signal of the timing of 4 is indicated by "4".
- the antennas with antenna characteristics 1 to 4 are called virtual antennas 1 to 4, respectively.
- the waveform of the signal indicated by "1" is shown as the waveform of the virtual antenna 1.
- VM-MIMO By using the VM-MIMO technology, it is possible to demodulate MIMO signals transmitted from a plurality of antennas of the wireless terminal station 1 using one characteristic variable antenna of the wireless base station 2.
- variable characteristic antenna using a variable phase shifter capable of high-speed switching is used.
- variable phase shifter capable of high-speed switching
- FIG. 4 shows a configuration example of the wireless terminal station 1 according to the present embodiment.
- the radio terminal station 1 has a plurality of antennas 10, a plurality of RF units 11, a plurality of D / A conversion units 12, and a MIMO signal generation unit 13. It should be noted that the functional block generally mounted on the wireless terminal station 1 is omitted.
- the MIMO signal generation unit 13 generates a plurality of MIMO signals from the transmission data, and inputs each MIMO signal to the D / A conversion unit 12.
- the D / A conversion unit 12 converts the input digital MIMO signal into an analog signal, and outputs the analog signal to the RF unit 11.
- the RF unit 11 performs analog processing such as amplification, frequency conversion, and filtering on the analog signal, and outputs the processed signal to each antenna 10. It is assumed that the RF unit 11 here is equipped with the function of the RF front end of a general wireless device.
- the antenna 10 radiates the input signal into the air as a radio signal.
- FIG. 5 shows a configuration example of the radio base station 2 in the present embodiment.
- the radio base station 2 in the present embodiment includes a characteristic variable antenna 20, an RF unit 21, an A / D conversion unit 22, an antenna control unit 23, a signal division unit 24, and a MIMO signal demodulation unit 25.
- the functional blocks generally mounted on the radio base station are not shown.
- the functions of each part of the radio base station 2 are as follows.
- the characteristic variable antenna 20 is an antenna that periodically switches antenna characteristics (directivity, output power, phase, etc.) according to a control signal input from the antenna control unit 23. A detailed configuration example of the variable characteristic antenna 20 will be described later.
- the RF unit 21 performs processing such as amplification, frequency change, and filtering on the signal input from the characteristic variable antenna 20, and outputs the processed signal to the A / D conversion unit 22. It is assumed that the RF unit 21 here is equipped with the function of the RF front end of a general wireless device.
- the A / D conversion unit 22 converts an analog signal input from the RF unit 21 into a digital signal by sampling the analog signal, and outputs the digital signal to the signal division unit 24. Further, the A / D conversion unit 22 notifies the antenna control unit 23 of the sampling period.
- the antenna control unit 23 outputs a control signal synchronized with the sampling cycle of the A / D conversion unit 22 to the characteristic variable antenna 20.
- the signal division unit 24 divides a plurality of signals with different characteristics input from the A / D conversion unit 22 in synchronization with the sampling cycle, and outputs the divided signal to the MIMO signal demodulation unit 25.
- the MIMO signal demodulation unit 25 performs the MIMO demodulation processing defined in a general wireless communication system with respect to the signal received from the signal division unit 24.
- the A / D conversion unit 22 is a general radio base. Signals 1 to 4 corresponding to each antenna characteristic are sampled and output at a sampling period that is four times or more the sampling period of the A / D conversion unit 22 of the station.
- the antenna control unit 23 selects one of the four virtual antennas in the sampling cycle of the A / D conversion unit 22 and switches the antenna characteristics.
- the signal dividing unit 24 divides and extracts the signals 1 to 4 corresponding to each antenna characteristic in the same sampling period as the sampling period of the A / D conversion unit 22, and outputs the signals to the MIMO signal demodulation unit 25.
- signals 1 to 4 having the same antenna characteristics are periodically output to the four output ports of the signal dividing unit 24, respectively.
- each functional block in the radio base station 2 shown in FIG. 5 may be realized by dedicated hardware (LSI or the like), or other than "characteristic variable antenna 20, RF unit 21, A / D conversion unit 22".
- a portion (that is, a portion that processes a digital signal) may be realized by a general-purpose computer including a processor (CPU, DSP, etc.) and a memory, and software running on the computer.
- FIG. 6 shows a configuration example of the wireless base station 2 when the wireless base station 2 is realized by using a computer and software.
- the radio base station 2 includes a processor 101, a memory 102, an auxiliary storage device 103, an input / output device 104, a characteristic variable antenna 20, an RF unit 21, and an A / D conversion unit 22. Has a configuration connected by a bus.
- the auxiliary storage device 103 stores a program that realizes the operation of the radio base station 2.
- the program is read into the memory 102, and the processor 101 reads the program from the memory 102 and executes it.
- the processor 101 executes the processing of the antenna control unit 23, the signal division unit 24, and the MIMO signal demodulation unit 25 by the program.
- the input / output device 104 outputs, for example, the signal obtained by the MIMO signal demodulation unit 25. Further, the information set in advance may be input from the input / output device 104.
- the antenna control unit 23 outputs a control signal synchronized with the sampling cycle of the A / D conversion unit 22 to the characteristic variable antenna 20, and the characteristic variable antenna 20 periodically switches the antenna characteristics according to the antenna control signal. There is. The details of the control by this control signal will be described later.
- the characteristic variable antenna 20 receives signals transmitted simultaneously from a plurality of antennas of the wireless terminal station 1.
- the received signal is input to the RF unit 21, and the signal processed by the RF unit 21 is output to the A / D conversion unit 22.
- the A / D conversion unit 22 performs sampling on the input signal (analog signal) and acquires the sampled signal (digital signal).
- the "signal” described below is a signal acquired by sampling.
- the signal obtained by the A / D conversion unit 22 is output to the signal division unit 24.
- the signal dividing unit 24 divides and extracts the signal input from the A / D conversion unit 22 in the same sampling period as the sampling period of the A / D conversion unit 22, and extracts the extracted signal in the MIMO signal demodulation unit 25. Output to.
- the MIMO signal demodulation unit 25 performs the MIMO demodulation processing defined in a general wireless communication system with respect to the signal received from the signal division unit 24.
- Information required for MIMO demodulation processing may be given in advance or may be estimated.
- FIG. 8 shows a configuration example of the characteristic variable antenna 20 according to the present embodiment.
- the characteristic variable antenna 20 shown in FIG. 8 is composed of a feeding element arranged in the center and a plurality of non-feeding elements arranged around the antenna, and the antenna control unit 23 changes the characteristics of the feeding element to change the characteristics of the antenna. The characteristics can be changed.
- the characteristic variable antenna 20 shown in FIG. 8 receives an electromagnetic wave transmitted from the wireless terminal station 1.
- the characteristic variable antenna 20 can also transmit the electromagnetic wave of the signal including the data to the wireless terminal station 1.
- the characteristic variable antenna 20 has an antenna element 201, four non-feeding elements 202, four variable phase shifters 203, and a coupling portion 204.
- the case where the characteristic variable antenna 20 has four non-feeding elements is shown, but the number of non-feeding elements may be three or less or five or more.
- the antenna element 201 is, for example, a sleeve antenna and has an element length of half a wavelength in the Z-axis direction (height direction in FIG. 8). Then, the antenna element 201 is arranged so as to extend in the Z-axis direction perpendicular to the XY plane of the horizontal plane.
- the antenna element 201 can transmit a signal including data from the wireless base station 2 to the wireless terminal station 1 by electromagnetic waves via the coupling portion 204. Further, the characteristic variable antenna 20 receives the electromagnetic wave transmitted from the wireless terminal station 1 and outputs the signal of the electromagnetic wave received via the coupling unit 204 into the wireless base station 2.
- the variable characteristic antenna 20 may be a dipole antenna or the like.
- the non-feeding element 202 is arranged on the XY plane at equal intervals on the circumference of the radius R with the position where the antenna element 201 is arranged as the center. That is, as shown in FIG. 9, the positions of the non-feeding element 202 are (R, 0), (0, R), ( ⁇ R, 0) when the position of the antenna element 201 is the origin of the XY plane. ) And (0, -R).
- the radius R is a free space wavelength that can reduce the influence of mutual coupling with the antenna element 201, and is set to a distance of one-eighth or more. Further, a plurality of non-feeding elements 202 other than the four may be arranged.
- the antenna element 201 and the non-feeding element 202 operate as an antenna unit.
- the non-feeding element 202 has, for example, a metal member such as columnar copper and a variable phase shifter 203.
- the metal member is connected via the phase shift variable device 203.
- the phase of the non-feeding element 202 is adjusted according to the voltage applied to the phase shift variable device 203 from the power supply of the characteristic variable antenna 20 or the power supply included in the radio base station 2. In addition, characteristics other than the phase may be adjusted.
- the characteristic variable antenna 20 receives a signal (outputs to the radio base station 2) in a certain phase, while a voltage is applied to the variable phase shifter 203. , The characteristic variable antenna 20 receives a signal in a phase different from the above. Further, for example, when a voltage is not applied to the variable phase shifter 203, a signal is radiated in a certain phase, while when a voltage is applied to the variable phase shifter 203, a signal is radiated in a phase different from the above. ..
- the coupling portion 204 is an antenna connector or the like, and connects the variable characteristic antenna 20 and the wireless base station 2 with a coaxial cable or the like. Then, the coupling unit 204 outputs the signal of the electromagnetic wave received by the characteristic variable antenna 20 to the radio base station 2, and outputs the signal including the data from the radio base station 2 to the characteristic variable antenna 20.
- FIG. 10 shows an example of a control signal input from the antenna control unit 23 to the characteristic variable antenna 20.
- a voltage is supplied to the variable phase shifter 203 of the corresponding non-feeding element 202, and when it is "OFF", no voltage is supplied.
- the vertical axis represents ON / OFF and the horizontal axis represents time.
- the vertical axis may represent a voltage.
- FIG. 10A is an example of the conventional control signal shown for comparison, and shows the control signal for two non-feeding elements. As shown in FIG. 10A, four states are periodically changed by controlling ON and OFF of each control signal in synchronization. Each state corresponds to one antenna characteristic of the characteristic variable antenna 20. That is, in the example of FIG. 10A, the timing between the rising edge and the falling edge of each control signal is the same and synchronized.
- the period (T) shown in FIG. 10 is, for example, the shortest period as a period for changing the characteristics of individual non-feeding elements.
- the antenna characteristics of the variable characteristic antenna 20 can be changed only in this cycle, and it may not be sufficient to realize VM-MIMO.
- FIG. 10B is an example of a control signal in the present embodiment.
- the antenna control unit 23 shifts the output timing of a part of the control signals among the plurality of control signals with respect to the other control signals, so that FIG. 10 (a) shows.
- the antenna characteristics of the variable characteristic antenna 20 can be changed at a higher speed than in the case of the example shown in. That is, high-speed characteristic variation is realized by providing a time difference between the control signals for the plurality of non-feeding elements.
- the period T for changing the output timing of the control signal for the non-feeding element # 2 changes the characteristics of each non-feeding element. Only half (T / 2) of the control signal is shifted with respect to the output timing of the control signal for the non-feeding element # 1. As a result, the antenna characteristics of the variable characteristic antenna 20 can be changed at twice the speed as compared with the case where the output timing is not shifted.
- FIG. 10 shows an example in which two non-feeding elements are used, but in the same manner when three or more non-feeding elements are used, the output timing of the control signal is shifted between the non-feeding elements. Therefore, it is possible to realize a change in the antenna characteristics of the high-speed characteristic variable antenna 20.
- the output timing of the control signal to the non-feeding element # 2 is shifted by T / 4 from the output timing to the non-feeding element # 1, and the non-feeding element
- the output timing of the control signal to # 3 is shifted by T / 4 from the output timing to the non-feeding element # 2
- the output timing of the control signal to the non-feeding element # 4 is T from the output timing to the non-feeding element # 3.
- the diode switch 205 is used instead of the variable phase shifter 203 in the characteristic variable antenna 20 as shown in FIG. Even when the diode switch 205 is used, the operation by the control signal described with reference to FIG. 10 is the same as the operation in the case of the variable phase shifter 203. Further, even when the diode switch 205 is used, the effect is the same as when the variable phase shifter 203 is used in that the characteristics such as the phase of the transmitted / received signal of the variable characteristic antenna 20 can be changed.
- variable phase shifter 203 can control a wider variety of patterns than the diode switch 205.
- the variable phase shifter 203 and the diode switch 205 may be collectively referred to as a phase variable unit.
- a voltage control type (analog control) attenuator or phase detector is used as the phase variable unit.
- an analog signal as shown in FIG. 12 can be used instead of the ON / OFF control signal (digital signal) as described with reference to FIG. 10.
- the state of the antenna characteristics can be changed more, and the speed of the change can be increased by shifting the output timing of the control signal.
- FIG. 12 (a) and 12 (b) show control signals to each non-feeding element when two non-feeding elements are used as in FIG. 10, respectively.
- the vertical axis is voltage and the horizontal axis is time.
- FIG. 12A shows a state in which the timing of the control signal is not shifted
- FIG. 12B shows a state in which the timing of the control signal is shifted.
- the control signal of each non-feeding element is staggered. This makes it possible to change the antenna characteristics at high speed.
- This specification describes at least the receiving device and the receiving method described in each of the following items.
- (Section 1) Antenna control unit and A characteristic variable antenna that receives MIMO signals transmitted from a plurality of antennas while switching antenna characteristics based on the control signal output from the antenna control unit.
- a conversion unit that samples the received signal received by the variable characteristic antenna at a predetermined sampling cycle, and
- a signal dividing unit that extracts each signal from a plurality of signals corresponding to the plurality of antenna characteristics obtained by the conversion unit, and a signal dividing unit.
- a MIMO signal demodulation unit that executes MIMO demodulation processing on the signal output from the signal division unit is provided.
- the characteristic variable antenna includes a plurality of non-feeding elements, and the antenna control unit is a receiving device that outputs a control signal to each non-feeding element with a time lag.
- the antenna control unit is a receiving device that outputs a control signal to each non-feeding element with a time lag.
- the receiving device according to item 1 wherein each non-feeding element in the characteristic variable antenna includes a phase variable unit, and the control signal controls the phase variable unit.
- the phase variable unit is a voltage control type phase variable unit, and the control signal is an analog signal.
- It is a receiving method executed by a receiving device including an antenna control unit and a variable characteristic antenna. A step of receiving MIMO signals transmitted from a plurality of antennas while switching antenna characteristics based on the control signals output from the antenna control unit.
- a step of sampling the received signal received by the variable characteristic antenna at a predetermined sampling cycle, and A step of extracting each signal from a plurality of signals corresponding to the plurality of antenna characteristics obtained by the sampling, and A step of executing MIMO demodulation processing on the extracted signal is provided.
- the characteristic variable antenna includes a plurality of non-feeding elements, and the antenna control unit outputs a control signal to each non-feeding element with a time lag.
- Wireless terminal station 2 Wireless base station 10
- Antenna 11 RF unit 12 D / A conversion unit 13
- MIMO signal generation unit 20 Characteristic variable antenna 21 RF unit 22 A / D conversion unit 23
- Antenna control unit 24 Signal division unit 25
- MIMO signal demodulation unit 101 Processor 102 Memory 103 Auxiliary storage device 104
- Input / output device 201 Antenna element 202
- Variable phase shifter 204 Coupling part 205 Diode switch
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Abstract
Description
前記アンテナ制御部から出力される制御信号に基づいて、複数のアンテナから送信されたMIMO信号を、アンテナ特性を切り替えながら受信する特性可変アンテナと、
前記特性可変アンテナにより受信した受信信号に対して所定のサンプリング周期でサンプリングを行う変換部と、
前記変換部により得られた複数のアンテナ特性に対応する複数の信号から各信号を抽出する信号分割部と、
前記信号分割部から出力された信号に対してMIMO復調処理を実行するMIMO信号復調部と、を備え、
前記特性可変アンテナは、複数の無給電素子を備え、前記アンテナ制御部は、制御信号を、時間差をつけて各無給電素子へ出力する
受信装置が提供される。
開示の技術によれば、送信装置の複数のアンテナから同一周波数かつ同一時刻に送信されるMIMO信号を特性可変アンテナで受信する受信装置において、アンテナ特性を高速に切り替えることを可能とする技術が提供される。
図1に、本実施の形態における無線通信システムの構成例を示す。図1に示すように、本実施の形態における無線通信システムは、無線端末局1と無線基地局2とを有する。無線端末局1は複数のアンテナを有しており、無線基地局2は1本の特性可変アンテナを有している。無線基地局2における特性可変アンテナの数は複数であってもよい。図示のとおり、本実施の形態では、無線端末局1から無線基地局2への上り方向の通信を対象としている。
無線基地局2は、非特許文献1に開示されたVirtual Massive MIMO(VM-MIMO)の技術により、1本の特性可変アンテナでMassive MIMOの受信を行う。
図4に、本実施の形態における無線端末局1の構成例を示す。図4に示すとおり、無線端末局1は、複数のアンテナ10、複数のRF部11、複数のD/A変換部12、及びMIMO信号生成部13を有する。なお、一般的に無線端末局1に搭載される機能ブロックについては省略している。
図5に、本実施の形態における無線基地局2の構成例を示す。図5に示すように、本実施の形態における無線基地局2は、特性可変アンテナ20、RF部21、A/D変換部22、アンテナ制御部23、信号分割部24、MIMO信号復調部25を有する。なお、一般的に無線基地局に搭載される機能ブロックについては図示を省略している。無線基地局2の各部の機能は下記のとおりである。
図5に示す無線基地局2における各機能ブロックの機能を専用のハードウェア(LSI等)で実現してもよいし、「特性可変アンテナ20、RF部21、A/D変換部22」以外の部分(つまり、デジタル信号の処理を行う部分)を、プロセッサ(CPU、DSP等)とメモリとを備える汎用的なコンピュータと、当該コンピュータ上で動作するソフトウェアで実現してもよい。
次に、無線基地局2の時系列の動作例を、図7のフローチャートを参照して説明する。アンテナ制御部23は、A/D変換部22のサンプリング周期に同期させた制御信号を特性可変アンテナ20に出力し、特性可変アンテナ20は、当該アンテナ制御信号に従って、アンテナ特性を周期的に切り替えている。この制御信号による制御の詳細は後述する。
S1(ステップ1)において、特性可変アンテナ20が無線端末局1の複数のアンテナから同時に送信された信号を受信する。受信した信号はRF部21に入力され、RF部21により処理された信号はA/D変換部22に出力される。
S2において、A/D変換部22は、入力された信号(アナログ信号)に対してサンプリングを行って、サンプリングされた信号(デジタル信号)を取得する。以降の説明の「信号」は、サンプリングにより取得された信号である。A/D変換部22により得られた信号は、信号分割部24に出力される。
S3において、信号分割部24は、A/D変換部22から入力された信号をA/D変換部22のサンプリング周期と同じサンプリング周期で分割して抽出し、抽出した信号をMIMO信号復調部25に出力する。
S4において、MIMO信号復調部25は、信号分割部24から受信した信号に対して、一般的な無線通信システムで規定されるMIMOの復調処理を行う。なお、MIMO復調処理において必要となる情報(無線端末局1のアンテナ数等)は、事前に与えられていることとしてもよいし、推定することとしてもよい。
図8に、本実施の形態における特性可変アンテナ20の構成例を示す。図8に示す特性可変アンテナ20は、中心に配置される給電素子と周りに配置される複数の無給電素子で構成され、アンテナ制御部23によって無給電素子の特性を変化させることで、アンテナの特性を変化させることができる。図8に示した特性可変アンテナ20は、無線端末局1から送信された電磁波を受信する。特性可変アンテナ20は、データを含む信号の電磁波を無線端末局1に送信することもできる。
図10に、アンテナ制御部23から特性可変アンテナ20へ入力される制御信号の一例を示す。図10に示す「ON」のときに、該当無給電素子202の可変移相器203に電圧が供給され、「OFF」のときに電圧が供給されない。図10(a)、(b)において、縦軸はON/OFFを表し、横軸は時間を表す。なお、縦軸は電圧を表すとしてもよい。
以上、基本的な構成を基本例として説明したが、更なる特性改善のために、下記の変形例に説明するような構成及び動作を採用することとしてもよい。変形例のうちの一部又は全部を組み合わせてもよい。また、変形例において説明していない部分は、これまでに説明した基本例が適用される。
変形例1では、特性可変アンテナ20における可変移相器203の代わりに、図11に示すように、ダイオードスイッチ205を用いる。ダイオードスイッチ205を用いる場合でも、図10で説明した制御信号による動作は可変移相器203の場合の動作と同じである。また、ダイオードスイッチ205を用いる場合でも、特性可変アンテナ20の送受信信号の位相等の特性を変化させることができるという点で、可変移相器203を用いる場合と効果は同じである。
変形例2では、位相可変部として、電圧制御型(アナログ制御)の減衰器や位相器を用いる。これにより、制御信号として、図10を参照して説明したようなON/OFFの制御信号(デジタル信号)に代えて、図12に示すようなアナログ信号を用いることができる。これにより、より多く、アンテナ特性の状態を変化させることができるとともに、制御信号の出力タイミングをずらすことでその変化の速度も高速化することができる。
上記のとおり、本実施の形態では、送信装置の複数のアンテナから同一周波数かつ同一時刻に送信されるMIMO信号を特性可変アンテナで受信する受信装置において、各無給電素子の制御信号に時間差をつけることで、アンテナ特性を高速に変化させることが可能となる。
本明細書には、少なくとも下記の各項に記載した受信装置、受信方法が記載されている。
(第1項)
アンテナ制御部と、
前記アンテナ制御部から出力される制御信号に基づいて、複数のアンテナから送信されたMIMO信号を、アンテナ特性を切り替えながら受信する特性可変アンテナと、
前記特性可変アンテナにより受信した受信信号に対して所定のサンプリング周期でサンプリングを行う変換部と、
前記変換部により得られた複数のアンテナ特性に対応する複数の信号から各信号を抽出する信号分割部と、
前記信号分割部から出力された信号に対してMIMO復調処理を実行するMIMO信号復調部と、を備え、
前記特性可変アンテナは、複数の無給電素子を備え、前記アンテナ制御部は、制御信号を、時間差をつけて各無給電素子へ出力する
受信装置。
(第2項)
前記特性可変アンテナにおける各無給電素子は、位相可変部を備え、前記制御信号は、前記位相可変部を制御する
第1項に記載の受信装置。
(第3項)
前記位相可変部は電圧制御型の位相可変部であり、前記制御信号はアナログ信号である
第2項に記載の受信装置。
(第4項)
アンテナ制御部と特性可変アンテナとを備える受信装置が実行する受信方法であって、
前記アンテナ制御部から出力される制御信号に基づいて、複数のアンテナから送信されたMIMO信号を、アンテナ特性を切り替えながら受信するステップと、
前記特性可変アンテナにより受信した受信信号に対して所定のサンプリング周期でサンプリングを行うステップと、
前記サンプリングにより得られた複数のアンテナ特性に対応する複数の信号から各信号を抽出するステップと、
前記抽出された信号に対してMIMO復調処理を実行するステップと、を備え、
前記特性可変アンテナは、複数の無給電素子を備え、前記アンテナ制御部は、制御信号を、時間差をつけて各無給電素子へ出力する
受信方法。
2 無線基地局
10 アンテナ
11 RF部
12 D/A変換部
13 MIMO信号生成部
20 特性可変アンテナ
21 RF部
22 A/D変換部
23 アンテナ制御部
24 信号分割部
25 MIMO信号復調部
101 プロセッサ
102 メモリ
103 補助記憶装置
104 入出力装置
201 アンテナ素子
202 無給電素子
203 可変移相器
204 結合部
205 ダイオードスイッチ
Claims (4)
- アンテナ制御部と、
前記アンテナ制御部から出力される制御信号に基づいて、複数のアンテナから送信されたMIMO信号を、アンテナ特性を切り替えながら受信する特性可変アンテナと、
前記特性可変アンテナにより受信した受信信号に対して所定のサンプリング周期でサンプリングを行う変換部と、
前記変換部により得られた複数のアンテナ特性に対応する複数の信号から各信号を抽出する信号分割部と、
前記信号分割部から出力された信号に対してMIMO復調処理を実行するMIMO信号復調部と、を備え、
前記特性可変アンテナは、複数の無給電素子を備え、前記アンテナ制御部は、制御信号を、時間差をつけて各無給電素子へ出力する
受信装置。 - 前記特性可変アンテナにおける各無給電素子は、位相可変部を備え、前記制御信号は、前記位相可変部を制御する
請求項1に記載の受信装置。 - 前記位相可変部は電圧制御型の位相可変部であり、前記制御信号はアナログ信号である
請求項2に記載の受信装置。 - アンテナ制御部と特性可変アンテナとを備える受信装置が実行する受信方法であって、
前記アンテナ制御部から出力される制御信号に基づいて、複数のアンテナから送信されたMIMO信号を、アンテナ特性を切り替えながら受信するステップと、
前記特性可変アンテナにより受信した受信信号に対して所定のサンプリング周期でサンプリングを行うステップと、
前記サンプリングにより得られた複数のアンテナ特性に対応する複数の信号から各信号を抽出するステップと、
前記抽出された信号に対してMIMO復調処理を実行するステップと、を備え、
前記特性可変アンテナは、複数の無給電素子を備え、前記アンテナ制御部は、制御信号を、時間差をつけて各無給電素子へ出力する
受信方法。
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JP2008215967A (ja) * | 2007-03-02 | 2008-09-18 | Toto Ltd | 高周波センサ装置 |
WO2010004739A1 (ja) * | 2008-07-08 | 2010-01-14 | パナソニック株式会社 | 可変指向性アンテナ装置 |
WO2016020954A1 (ja) * | 2014-08-06 | 2016-02-11 | 三菱電機株式会社 | アンテナ装置およびアレーアンテナ装置 |
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WO2010004739A1 (ja) * | 2008-07-08 | 2010-01-14 | パナソニック株式会社 | 可変指向性アンテナ装置 |
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