WO2022116226A1 - 一种含有机物污染废盐的裂解装置 - Google Patents

一种含有机物污染废盐的裂解装置 Download PDF

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WO2022116226A1
WO2022116226A1 PCT/CN2020/134288 CN2020134288W WO2022116226A1 WO 2022116226 A1 WO2022116226 A1 WO 2022116226A1 CN 2020134288 W CN2020134288 W CN 2020134288W WO 2022116226 A1 WO2022116226 A1 WO 2022116226A1
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primary
cracking furnace
cracking
furnace body
level
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PCT/CN2020/134288
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English (en)
French (fr)
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韩正昌
马军军
陶志慧
黄海峰
朱家明
张寿兵
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南京格洛特环境工程股份有限公司
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
    • F23G5/027—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying stage
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/08—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating
    • F23G5/14—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating including secondary combustion
    • F23G5/16—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating including secondary combustion in a separate combustion chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/44—Details; Accessories
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
    • F23J15/02—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material
    • F23J15/022—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material for removing solid particulate material from the gasflow
    • F23J15/025—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material for removing solid particulate material from the gasflow using filters

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the field of resource utilization of waste salt hazardous wastes, in particular to a cracking device containing waste salts polluted by organic substances.
  • waste salts are generated during the production of organic or inorganic chemical products, especially in the fields of pesticides, medicine, and fine chemicals.
  • the country's annual by-product waste salt reaches more than 5 million tons.
  • the main component of most industrial waste salts is sodium chloride. Because of the large amount of organic and inorganic impurities entrained in it, it cannot continue to be used as industrial raw salt, and it cannot be used in the food or pharmaceutical industry.
  • Reaction residues, waste mother liquor and reaction base waste produced in the production process of chemically synthesized APIs must be implemented in accordance with the corresponding laws and regulations, and shall not be discharged without permission. Therefore, the current solution used by most factories is to pile them up in landfills. This kind of behavior will have great drawbacks. On the one hand, the utilization rate of the king land will be reduced and the site will be wasted. On the other hand, when the salt and its impurities are lost, it will salt the soil and pollute the surrounding area, posing a great threat to the environment.
  • the methods of treating organic waste salt at home and abroad mainly include salt washing method, high-temperature treatment method, high-temperature carbonization method and other technologies.
  • the most commonly used method for treating waste salt is high-temperature treatment method, which uses high-temperature hot air to calcine and decompose organic components. , this method is not only difficult to completely remove the organic components in the waste salt, but also a large part of the organic components are converted into more complex organic components and remain in the hot air, forming new pollutants. Fees are processed.
  • most of the high-temperature cracking furnaces for processing waste salt have problems such as high energy consumption and low cracking efficiency.
  • the present invention discloses a simple, convenient and practical cracking furnace system to solve the problems in the prior art.
  • a cracking device containing organic pollutant waste salt comprising a first-level cracking furnace arranged obliquely and a second-level cracking furnace arranged obliquely, and the first-level cracking furnace includes a first-level feeding device, a first-level cracking furnace body, and a first hot air blower.
  • one end of the furnace body of the first-level cracking furnace is connected with the first-level feeding device, and the other end is connected with the first-level discharging device and the first hot air blower respectively;
  • One end of the secondary cracking furnace body is connected with the secondary feeding device, and the other end is connected with the secondary discharging device and the second hot air blower respectively;
  • the discharging device is set above the secondary feeding device, and the primary discharging device is connected with the secondary feeding device; the feeding port set on the primary feeding device is higher than the outlet set on the primary discharging device.
  • the feeding port which is set on the secondary feeding device, is higher than the feeding port set on the secondary discharging device.
  • the inner side of the primary cracking furnace body is sequentially provided with a spiral sheet copying area, a honeycomb sheet copying area and a first level sheet copying area along the inclination direction of the primary cracking furnace body.
  • a number of spirally arranged spiral plates are arranged in the spiral plate area, and the spiral plates are fixedly connected to the inner side of the primary cracking furnace body.
  • honeycomb copy board area several copy boards are alternately stacked or rolled into a honeycomb structure, and the copy boards are fixedly connected to the inner side of the primary cracking furnace body.
  • the inner side of the secondary cracking furnace body is sequentially provided with a triangular weir plate area and a secondary plate copying area along the inclination direction of the secondary cracking furnace body.
  • a triangular weir plate area There are several triangular weir plates in the triangular weir plate area.
  • the bottom end of the triangular weir plate is connected to the inner side wall of the secondary cracking furnace body; there are several L-shaped copying boards in the secondary cracking board area, and the bottom end of the L-shaped copying board is connected to the secondary cracking furnace body.
  • the inner side of the cracking furnace body is fixedly connected.
  • the outer side of the primary cracking furnace body and the secondary cracking furnace body are provided with front supporting rollers, rear supporting rollers and transmission gears; the primary feeding device, the primary discharging device and the primary cracking furnace body are movably connected , The secondary feeding device, the secondary discharging device and the secondary cracking furnace body are movably connected.
  • the first-level feeding device and the first-level discharging device are provided with installation port 1 corresponding to the furnace body of the first-level cracking furnace.
  • the installation port 1 is provided with rotating parts, and both ends of the first-level cracking furnace body are provided with corresponding parts.
  • a rotating orbit adapted to the rotating parts; the secondary feeding device and the secondary discharging device are provided with two installation ports corresponding to the furnace body of the secondary cracking furnace. Both ends of the furnace body are provided with rotating tracks which are matched with the rotating parts.
  • the angle between the primary cracking furnace and the horizontal plane is 1-5°; the bottom surface gradually decreases from the inlet end to the outlet end, and the angle between the secondary cracking furnace and the horizontal plane is 1-5°. Its bottom surface gradually decreases from the inlet end to the outlet end.
  • the primary feeding device is set at the higher end port (inlet port) of the primary cracking furnace, the primary discharging device is set at the lower end port (outlet port) of the primary cracking furnace, and the secondary feeding device It is arranged at the upper end port (the inlet end port) of the secondary cracking furnace, and the secondary discharge device is arranged at the lower end port (the outlet end port) of the secondary cracking furnace.
  • the primary feeding device, the secondary feeding device is preferably a screw feeder, a funnel is provided at the bottom, and a valve is provided on the neck of the lower end of the funnel.
  • the primary discharging device and the secondary discharging device are preferably discharging machines.
  • the primary furnace cyclone dust collector is arranged above the primary feeding device, the primary furnace cyclone dust collector and the primary cracking furnace body,
  • the dehumidification fan is connected with the cyclone dust collector of the primary furnace;
  • the cyclone dust collector of the secondary furnace is arranged above the secondary feeding device, and the cyclone dust collector of the secondary furnace is connected to the furnace body of the secondary cracking furnace.
  • the temperature of the primary cracking furnace is continuously increased from the inlet end to the outlet end of the primary cracking furnace to 200°C-400°C, and the temperature in the secondary cracking furnace is 400°C-650°C from the inlet end to the outlet end of the secondary cracking furnace. Continuous heating.
  • the heaters of the hot air system use fossil fuels, including but not limited to coal, oil and natural gas, etc. .
  • the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
  • the hot air and the material form a convection state, so that the hot air can pass through the gap of the material, and the hot air can transfer heat to the material through the gap, increase its heating area, and increase the heat transfer effect. Fluidity, so that the material can be evenly and fully contacted with thermal energy.
  • the device distributes the material evenly in the cracking furnace by setting the spiral copying plate, the honeycomb copying plate and the first-level copying plate in the primary cracking furnace, so that the material can be evenly and fully contacted with heat energy. achieve a consistent heating effect.
  • the problem of hardening can be solved: in the process of the present invention, by setting a first-level cracking furnace and a second-level cracking furnace, the material is firstly subjected to the first-level cracking furnace, and the spiral copying plate and the honeycomb copying plate in the first-level cracking furnace are passed. The material is transported forward in an even and orderly manner, and the moisture of the solid waste is removed at the same time. This step can increase the fluidity of the material and reduce the occurrence of the problem of hardening. In the subsequent processing process, the occurrence of hardening is also avoided. The disadvantages of the prior art are effectively solved.
  • Fig. 1 is a kind of structural representation of the cracking device containing organic pollution waste salt
  • Fig. 2 is the structural representation of one-stage cracking furnace body
  • Fig. 3 is the structural representation of secondary cracking furnace body
  • Fig. 4 is the structural representation of honeycomb copy board area
  • Fig. 5 is the structural representation of one-level copy board area
  • Fig. 6 is the structural representation of triangular weir plate area
  • Fig. 7 is the structural representation of secondary copy board area
  • Fig. 8 is the structural representation of installation port one
  • Fig. 9 is the structural representation of the rotating track
  • a cracking device containing organic pollutant waste salt includes a first-level cracking furnace 20 arranged obliquely and a secondary cracking furnace 21 arranged obliquely, and the first-level cracking furnace 20 includes a first-level feeding device 1, a first-level cracking furnace The furnace body 15 of the cracking furnace, the first hot air blower 10 and the first-level discharging device 9, one end of the first-level cracking furnace body 15 is connected with the first-level feeding device 1, and the other end is respectively connected with the first-level discharging device 9, the first heat The fan 10 is connected; the secondary cracking furnace 21 includes a secondary feeding device 11, a secondary cracking furnace body 17, a second hot air blower 19 and a secondary discharging device 18, and one end of the secondary cracking furnace body 17 is connected to the secondary feeding device.
  • the feeding device 11 is connected, and the other end is connected to the secondary discharging device 18 and the second hot air blower 19 respectively; the primary discharging device 9 is arranged above the secondary feeding device 11, and the lower end of the primary discharging device 9 is connected to the secondary The upper end of the feeding device 11 is connected; the feeding port set on the primary feeding device 1 is higher than the feeding port set on the primary feeding device 9, and the feeding port set on the secondary feeding device 11 is higher than the feeding port set on the primary feeding device 9. At the discharge port set on the secondary discharge device 18.
  • the inner side of the first-stage cracking furnace body 15 is sequentially provided with a spiral sheet copying area 3 , a honeycomb sheet copying area 5 and a first-level sheet copying area 7 along the inclination direction of the first-level cracking furnace body 15 .
  • spiral plate area 3 There are several spirally arranged spiral plates in the spiral plate area 3.
  • the spiral plate is fixedly connected to the inner side of the first-stage cracking furnace body 15.
  • the transportation effect of materials can be increased, and the material can be prevented from entering the furnace. accumulation in the body.
  • the honeycomb copy board area 5 is provided with several copy boards alternately stacked or rolled into a honeycomb structure.
  • the copy boards are fixedly connected to the inner side of the primary cracking furnace body 15.
  • the plate copying zone 7 can increase the cracking efficiency.
  • the inner side of the secondary cracking furnace body 17 is sequentially provided with a triangular weir plate area 23 and a secondary copy plate area 16 along the direction of the inclination of the secondary cracking furnace body 17, and a number of triangular weir plates 13 are arranged in the triangular weir plate area 23 , the triangular weir plate 13 is arranged on the inner side wall of the secondary cracking furnace body 17, and the bottom end of the triangular weir plate 13 is connected to the inner side of the secondary cracking furnace body 17.
  • the triangular weir plate area 23 By setting the triangular weir plate area 23, the transportation efficiency of materials can be increased. At the same time reduce material dust;
  • the included angle between the primary cracking furnace 20 and the horizontal plane is 1-5°; the included angle between the secondary cracking furnace 21 and the horizontal plane is 1-5°, and the self-weight of the material can be used to increase the transportation efficiency of the material.
  • It also includes a primary furnace cyclone 2, a secondary furnace cyclone 12 and a dehumidification fan 14, which can increase the movement efficiency of the hot air and remove particulate matter in the hot air.
  • the primary furnace cyclone 2 is arranged above the primary feeding device 1, the primary furnace cyclone 2 is connected to the primary cracking furnace body 15, and the dehumidification fan 14 is connected to the primary furnace cyclone 2; two The secondary furnace cyclone 12 is arranged above the secondary feeding device 11 , and the secondary furnace cyclone 12 is connected to the furnace body 17 of the secondary cracking furnace.
  • the primary feeding device 1 and the secondary feeding device 11 are preferably screw feeders, a funnel is provided at the bottom, and a valve is provided on the neck of the lower end of the funnel.
  • the outer side of the first-level cracking furnace body 15 and the second-level cracking furnace body 17 are provided with a front supporting roller 4, a rear supporting roller 8 and a transmission gear 6; the primary feeding device 1, the primary discharging device 9 and the primary cracking
  • the furnace bodies 15 are movably connected, and the secondary feeding device 11 , the secondary discharging device 18 and the secondary cracking furnace body 17 are movably connected.
  • the first-level feeding device 1 and the first-level discharging device 9 are all provided with an installation port 1 26 corresponding to the first-level cracking furnace body 15.
  • the installation port 1 26 is provided with a rotating part 25.
  • the first-level cracking furnace body is provided with a rotating part 25. Both ends of 15 are provided with a rotating track 24 that is adapted to the rotating part 25; the secondary feeding device 11 and the secondary discharging device 18 are provided with two installation ports corresponding to the secondary cracking furnace body 17,
  • the second installation port is provided with a rotating part 25 , and both ends of the secondary cracking furnace body are provided with a rotating track 24 matching the rotating part 25 .
  • the rotating track 24 on the primary cracking furnace body and the rotating track 24 on the secondary cracking furnace body have the same structure.
  • the rotating member 25 in the first installation port 26 has the same structure as the rotating member 25 in the second installation port.
  • the primary cracking furnace 20 and the secondary cracking furnace 21 are fixed by the workshop fixing bracket, and the chain on the workshop fixing bracket is clamped to the transmission gear 6 of the primary cracking furnace 20 and the secondary cracking furnace 21.
  • the conveyor belt on the fixed bracket of the workshop is clamped to the front supporting roller 4 and the rear supporting roller 8, so as to assist in driving the first-level cracking furnace.
  • the cracking furnace body 15 and the secondary cracking furnace body 17 rotate. Through rotation, on the one hand, the transportation friction force of the material is changed, and the transportation capacity is improved, and on the other hand, the uniform distribution of the material in the furnace body is increased, and the cracking efficiency is enhanced.
  • One end of the primary cracking furnace body 15 is placed in the installation port 1 26 on the primary feeding device 1, and the other end is placed in the installation port 1 26 on the primary discharging device 9.
  • One end of the secondary cracking furnace body 17 It is placed in the installation port 2 of the secondary feeding device 11, and the other end is placed in the installation port 2 of the secondary discharging device 18.
  • the primary cracking furnace body 15 and the secondary cracking furnace body 17 There is a rotating track 24, the installation port 1 26 and the installation port 2 are provided with a rotating part 25 that is adapted to the rotating track 24, and the rotating part 25 rotates in the rotating track 24, so that the furnace body 15 of the primary cracking furnace can be effectively improved. , the efficiency of the rotation of the furnace body 17 of the secondary cracking furnace.
  • the temperature of the primary cracking furnace 20 is continuously increased from the inlet end to the outlet end of the primary cracking furnace 20 to 200°C-400°C, and the temperature in the secondary cracking furnace 21 is 400°C from the inlet end to the outlet end of the secondary cracking furnace 21. °C-650°C continuous temperature rise.
  • the heaters of the hot air system use fossil fuels, including but not limited to coal, oil and natural gas, etc. .
  • a cracking system containing organic pollution waste salt the device includes a primary cracking furnace 20 and a secondary cracking furnace 21, and the angle between the primary cracking furnace 20 and the horizontal plane is 1-5° , its bottom surface gradually decreases from the inlet end (A end) to the outlet end (B end), the angle between the secondary cracking furnace 21 and the horizontal plane is 1-5°, and its bottom surface is from the inlet end (C end) to the outlet end. (D end) gradually decreased.
  • the first-stage feeding device 1 (first-stage furnace screw feeder) is arranged at the higher end port (port A section of the inlet end) of the first-stage cracking furnace 20, and the spiral plate area 3 is arranged at the first-stage furnace for cyclone dust removal.
  • the honeycomb plate copying area 5 is set after the spiral plate copying area 3, and the first-level plate copying area 7 is set with a honeycomb plate copying area 5
  • the primary discharging device 9 is set at the B end of the primary cracking furnace 20, and the primary furnace hot air system (the first hot air blower 10) is set at the B end of the primary cracking furnace 20, and the hot air enters from the B end.
  • the secondary feeding device 11 (secondary furnace screw feeder) is located at the upper end port of the secondary cracking furnace 21 (the C-section port at the inlet end), and the secondary discharging device 18 is located at the higher end of the secondary cracking furnace 21.
  • the secondary feeding device 11 (secondary furnace screw feeder) is arranged at the C end of the secondary cracking furnace 21, and is connected to the discharge port of the primary discharging device 9 , the triangular weir plate area 23 is arranged at the C end of the secondary cracking furnace body 17, and is connected to the secondary cracking furnace body 17, and the secondary copy plate area 16 is arranged behind the triangular weir plate area 23 of the furnace body.
  • the discharging device 18 is arranged at the D end of the secondary cracking furnace 21, and is also the discharging port of the whole cracking system.
  • the second hot air blower 19 (secondary hot air system) is arranged outside the D end of the secondary cracking furnace 21 , and the hot air enters from the D end of the secondary cracking furnace 21 .
  • Waste salt hazardous waste containing organic pollution enters from the primary feeding device 1 of the primary cracking furnace 20, passes through the primary furnace cyclone 2, passes through the spiral copying area 3, the honeycomb copying area 5, and the first-level copying area. After 7 fields, it enters the primary discharging device 9 of the primary cracking furnace 20 for discharging, then enters the secondary feeding device 11 of the secondary cracking furnace 21, passes through the cyclone dust collector 12 of the secondary furnace, and enters the triangular weir plate area. 23.
  • the secondary board copying area 16 reaches the entire system discharging system.
  • the secondary hot air system (the second hot air blower 19) enters from the end of the secondary cracking furnace 21, passes through the entire secondary cracking furnace 21, and enters the primary cracking furnace 20 together with the hot air of the primary hot air system (the first hot air blower 10), After passing through the whole furnace body of the primary cracking furnace 20, after passing through the cyclone dust collector 2 of the primary furnace, it is discharged by the dehumidification fan 14, and the material advancing direction is opposite to the flow direction of the hot air, forming countercurrent heating.
  • FIG. 1 in this example, it includes a primary furnace cyclone 2 and a secondary furnace cyclone 12, and the primary furnace cyclone 2 is arranged next to the primary feeding device 1 (the primary screw feeder 1). Above the feeder), the material is added through the primary feeding device 1, and the generated dust is removed by the primary furnace cyclone 2, and the secondary furnace cyclone 12 is arranged close to the secondary feeding device 11 (secondary Above the screw feeder), the generated dust is removed by the secondary furnace cyclone 12.
  • a dehumidification fan 14 is also provided in front of the A-end of the primary cracking furnace 20 and connected to the primary furnace cyclone 2 to discharge the flue gas of the entire cracking system.
  • the present invention can utilize the exhaust gas generated during the treatment process.
  • a large amount of volatile organic waste gas must be produced.
  • the fossil fuel in the process itself is cleverly used to burn the volatile organic waste gas generated during the combustion process.
  • this technology saves the investment and operation cost of waste gas treatment equipment; Therefore, the problem of exhaust gas pollution is solved in the process flow, and the design is ingenious and the innovation is remarkable.

Abstract

一种含有机物污染废盐的裂解装置，包括倾斜设置的一级裂解炉（20）以及倾斜设置的二级裂解炉（21），一级裂解炉（20）包括一级进料装置（1）、一级裂解炉炉体（15）、第一热风机（10）以及一级出料装置（9），一级裂解炉炉体（15）一端与一级进料装置（1）相连，另一端分别与一级出料装置（9）、第一热风机（10）相连；二级裂解炉（21）包括二级进料装置（11）、二级裂解炉炉体（17）、第二热风机（19）以及二级出料装置（18），二级裂解炉炉体（17）一端与二级进料装置（11）相连，另一端分别与二级出料装置（18）、第二热风机（19）相连；一级出料装置（9）设置在二级进料装置（11）的上方，一级出料装置（9）下端与二级进料装置（11）上端相连；设置在一级进料装置上（1）的进料口高于设置在一级出料装置（9）上的出料口，设置在二级进料装置（11）上的进料口高于设置在二级出料装置（18）上的出料口。通过设置一级裂解炉以及二级裂解炉装置可以将物料进行二次裂解，有效提高了物料裂解的效率。

Description

一种含有机物污染废盐的裂解装置 技术领域
本发明属于废盐类危险废物的资源化利用领域，具体是一种含有机物污染废盐的裂解装置。
背景技术
在我国现有工业体系中，有机或无机化工产品生产的过程中，均有废盐产生，尤其在农药、医药、精细化工领域废盐产生量巨大。如农药生产过程中，全国每年副产废盐就达到500万吨以上。许多企业目前对废盐采用库存堆放，因占用大量场地，使其成为制约企业发展的重要因素。大部分工业废盐的主要成分是氯化钠，因其夹带大量有机无机杂质不能继续作为工业原料盐使用、更不能将其运用在食品或医药行业，化学合成原料药生产过程中产生的蒸馏及反应残余物、化学合成原料药生产过程中产生的废母液及反应基废物，必须按照相应的法律法规要求执行，不得私自排放。所以，目前大部分工厂使用的解决方案是将其堆积填埋。这种行为会有很大的弊端，一方面王地的利用率会降低，场地被浪费，另一方面当盐与其杂质流失，会盐化止壤，污染周围，对环境造成很大威胁。
目前，国内外处理有机废盐的方法主要有洗盐法、高温处理法、高温碳化法等技术，目前，处理废盐的方法最常用的是高温处理方法，利用高温热风煅烧分解有机成分，但是，此种方法不但很难完全清除废盐中的有机成分，而且，很大部分有机成分转化为更为复杂的有机 组分残留在热风中，又形成了新的污染物，还需要投入高昂的费用进行处理。另外，处理废盐的高温裂解炉大都存在能耗高、裂解效率低等问题。
发明内容
本发明针对现有技术中存在的不足，本发明专利公开了一种结构简单、方便实用裂解炉系统，以解决现有技术中存在的问题。
为实现上述目的，本发明采用的技术方案如下：
一种含有机物污染废盐的裂解装置，包括倾斜设置的一级裂解炉以及倾斜设置的二级裂解炉，一级裂解炉包括一级进料装置、一级裂解炉炉体、第一热风机以及一级出料装置，一级裂解炉炉体一端与一级进料装置相连，另一端分别与一级出料装置、第一热风机相连；二级裂解炉包括二级进料装置、二级裂解炉炉体、第二热风机以及二级出料装置，二级裂解炉炉体一端与二级进料装置相连，另一端分别与二级出料装置、第二热风机相连；一级出料装置设置在二级进料装置的上方，一级出料装置与二级进料装置相连；设置在一级进料装置上的进料口高于设置在一级出料装置上的出料口，设置在二级进料装置上的进料口高于设置在二级出料装置上的出料口。
一级裂解炉炉体内侧沿着一级裂解炉炉体倾斜的方向依次设有螺旋抄板区、蜂窝抄板区以及一级抄板区。
螺旋抄板区内设有若干条螺旋设置的螺旋抄板，螺旋抄板与一级裂解炉炉体内侧固定连接。
蜂窝抄板区内设有若干条抄板交替叠加或卷成蜂窝结构，抄板与一级裂解炉炉体内侧固定连接。
一级抄板区内设有若干条L型抄板，L型抄板底端与一级裂解炉炉体相连。
二级裂解炉炉体内侧沿着二级裂解炉炉体倾斜的方向依次设有三角堰板区以及二级抄板区，三角堰板区内设有若干条三角堰板，三角堰板设置在二级裂解炉炉体内侧壁上，三角堰板底端与二级裂解炉炉体内侧璧相连；二级抄板区内设有若干条L型抄板，L型抄板底端与二级裂解炉炉体内侧固定相连。
一级裂解炉炉体、二级裂解炉炉体外侧均设有前托轮、后托轮以及传动齿轮；一级进料装置、一级出料装置与一级裂解炉炉体之间活动连接，二级进料装置、二级出料装置与二级裂解炉炉体之间活动连接。
一级进料装置、一级出料装置上均设有与一级裂解炉炉体相对应的安装口一，安装口一内设有旋转部件，一级裂解炉炉体两端均设有与旋转部件相适配的旋转轨道；二级进料装置、二级出料装置上均设有与二级裂解炉炉体相对应的安装口二，安装口二内设有旋转部件，二级裂解炉炉体两端均设有与旋转部件相适配的旋转轨道。
一级裂解炉与水平面之间的夹角为1-5°；其底面由入口端至出口端逐渐降低，二级裂解炉与水平面之间的夹角为1-5°。其底面由入口端至出口端逐渐降低。一级进料装置设置在一级裂解炉的较高一端端口(入口端端口)处，一级出料装置设置在一级裂解炉的较低一 端端口处(出口端端口)，二级加料装置设置在二级裂解炉的较高一端端口处(入口端端口)，二级出料装置设置在二级裂解炉的较低一端端口处(出口端端口)。
一级进料装置，二级进料装置优选螺旋进料器，底部均设置有漏斗，漏斗下端颈部设置有阀门。
一级出料装置、二级出料装置优选出料机。
还包括一级炉旋风除尘器、二级炉旋风除尘器以及排湿风机，一级炉旋风除尘器设置在一级进料装置的上方，一级炉旋风除尘器与一级裂解炉炉体，排湿风机与一级炉旋风除尘器相连；二级炉旋风除尘器设置在二级进料装置的上方，二级炉旋风除尘器与二级裂解炉炉体。
一级裂解炉的温度由一级裂解炉的入口端至出口端为200℃-400℃连续升温，二级裂解炉内的温度由二级裂解炉的入口端至出口端为400℃-650℃连续升温。
热风系统的加热器(第一热风机、第二热风机)采用化石燃料，包括不仅限于煤、石油天然气等；一级热风温度为200℃-400℃，二级热风温度为400℃-650℃。
由于采用了以上技术，本发明较现有技术相比，具有的有益效果如下：
(1)采用逆流热风的加热方式：本发明专利中通过在一级裂解炉的出料端设有第一热风机、二级裂解炉的出料端设有第二热风机，采用逆流热风加热方式，在加热过程中，热风与物料形成对流状态， 这样热风可以通过物料的空隙，将热风可通过空隙将热量传递给物料，增加其受热面积，增加热量的传递效果，同时还可以增加物料的流动性，使得物料可以均匀充分的与热能接触。
(2)均匀加热效果：本装置通过在一级裂解炉中设置螺旋抄板、蜂窝抄板以及一级抄板，将物料均匀的分布在裂解炉内，使得物料可以均匀充分的与热能接触，达到一致升温的效果。
(3)有效的利用物料中的热能：在固体物料的燃烧过程中，会产生大量的可燃烧的固体颗粒物，对环境造成二次污染，本发明装置中二级裂解炉内设置二级抄板，可将处理过程中产生的颗粒物中有机物进行煅烧，从而产生热能，此热能可被利用。
(4)能够解决板结的问题：在本发明工艺中通过设置一级裂解炉、二级裂解炉，将物料先进行了一级裂解炉，通过一级裂解炉中的螺旋抄板、蜂窝抄板将物料均匀有序的往前运输，同时将固体废物的水分去除，此步骤中可增加物料的流动性，减少板结的问题发生，在进行后续的处理过程中，也就避免了板结的发生，有效解决了现有技术的弊端。
附图说明
图1是一种含有机物污染废盐的裂解装置的结构示意图；
图2是一级裂解炉炉体的结构示意图；
图3是二级裂解炉炉体的结构示意图；
图4是蜂窝抄板区的结构示意图；
图5是一级抄板区的结构示意图；
图6是三角堰板区的结构示意图；
图7是二级抄板区的结构示意图；
图8是安装口一的结构示意图；
图9是旋转轨道的结构示意图；
图中：1、一级进料装置，2、一级炉旋风除尘器，3、螺旋抄板区，4、前托轮，5、蜂窝抄板区，6、传动齿轮，7、一级抄板区，8、后托轮，9、一级出料装置，10、第一热风机，11、二级进料装置，12、二级炉旋风除尘器，13、三角堰板，14、排湿风机，15、一级裂解炉炉体，16、二级抄板区，17、二级裂解炉炉体，18、二级出料装置，19、第二热风机，20、一级裂解炉，21、二级裂解炉，22、L型抄板，23、三角堰板区，24、旋转轨道，25、旋转部件，26、安装口一。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施方式，进一步阐明本发明。
实施例1：
结合附图可见，一种含有机物污染废盐的裂解装置，包括倾斜设置的一级裂解炉20以及倾斜设置的二级裂解炉21，一级裂解炉20包括一级进料装置1、一级裂解炉炉体15、第一热风机10以及一级出料装置9，一级裂解炉炉体15一端与一级进料装置1相连，另一端分别与一级出料装置9、第一热风机10相连；二级裂解炉21包括二级进料装置11、二级裂解炉炉体17、第二热风机19以及二级出料 装置18，二级裂解炉炉体17一端与二级进料装置11相连，另一端分别与二级出料装置18、第二热风机19相连；一级出料装置9设置在二级进料装置11的上方，一级出料装置9下端与二级进料装置11上端相连；设置在一级进料装置上1的进料口高于设置在一级出料装置9上的出料口，设置在二级进料装置11上的进料口高于设置在二级出料装置18上的出料口。
一级裂解炉炉体15内侧沿着一级裂解炉炉体15倾斜的方向依次设有螺旋抄板区3、蜂窝抄板区5以及一级抄板区7。
螺旋抄板区3内设有若干条螺旋设置的螺旋抄板，螺旋抄板与一级裂解炉炉体15内侧固定连接，通过设置螺旋抄板区3可增加物料的运输效果，防止物料在炉体内堆积。
蜂窝抄板区5内设有若干条抄板交替叠加或卷成蜂窝结构，抄板与一级裂解炉炉体15内侧固定连接，通过设置蜂窝抄板区5可有效减少炉体内物料灰回流。
一级抄板区7内设有若干条L型抄板22，L型抄板22底端与一级裂解炉炉体15相连，可将物料更好的均匀分布在炉体内，通过设置一级抄板区7可以增加裂解效率。
二级裂解炉炉体17内侧沿着二级裂解炉炉体17倾斜的方向依次设有三角堰板区23以及二级抄板区16，三角堰板区23内设有若干条三角堰板13，三角堰板13设置在二级裂解炉炉体17内侧壁上，三角堰板13底端与二级裂解炉炉体17内侧相连，通过设置三角堰板区23，可增加物料的运输效率，同时减少物料扬尘；
二级抄板区16内设有若干条L型抄板22，L型抄板22底端与二级裂解炉炉体17内侧固定相连，通过设置二级抄板区16，可将物料更好的均匀分布在炉体内。
一级裂解炉20与水平面之间的夹角为1-5°；二级裂解炉21与水平面之间的夹角为1-5°，可利用物料的自重，增加物料的运输效率。
还包括一级炉旋风除尘器2、二级炉旋风除尘器12以及排湿风机14，可以增加热风的运动效率，去除热风中的颗粒物。
一级炉旋风除尘器2设置在一级进料装置1的上方，一级炉旋风除尘器2与一级裂解炉炉体15相连，排湿风机14与一级炉旋风除尘器2相连；二级炉旋风除尘器12设置在二级进料装置11的上方，二级炉旋风除尘器12与二级裂解炉炉体17相连。
一级进料装置1，二级进料装置11优选螺旋进料器，底部均设置有漏斗，漏斗下端颈部设置有阀门。
一级裂解炉炉体15、二级裂解炉炉体17外侧均设有前托轮4、后托轮8以及传动齿轮6；一级进料装置1、一级出料装置9与一级裂解炉炉体15之间活动连接，二级进料装置11、二级出料装置18与二级裂解炉炉体17之间活动连接。
一级进料装置1、一级出料装置9上均设有与一级裂解炉炉体15相对应的安装口一26，安装口一26内设有旋转部件25，一级裂解炉炉体15两端均设有与旋转部件25相适配的旋转轨道24；二级进料装置11、二级出料装置18上均设有与二级裂解炉炉体17相对应的 安装口二，安装口二内设有旋转部件25，二级裂解炉炉体两端均设有与旋转部件25相适配的旋转轨道24。一级裂解炉炉体上的旋转轨道24与二级裂解炉炉体上的旋转轨道24，结构相同。安装口一26内的旋转部件25与安装口二内的旋转部件25结构相同。
在使用时，通过车间固定支架对一级裂解炉20、二级裂解炉21进行固定，通过将车间固定支架上的链条卡入至一级裂解炉20、二级裂解炉21的传动齿轮6上，从而可以带动一级裂解炉炉体15、二级裂解炉炉体17进行旋转，将车间固定支架上的输送带卡入至前托轮4、后托轮8上，从而可以辅助带动一级裂解炉炉体15、二级裂解炉炉体17进行旋转。通过旋转，一方面改变物料的运输摩擦力，提高运输能力，另一方面增加炉体内的物料均匀分布度，增强裂解效率。
一级裂解炉炉体15一端放置在一级进料装置1上的安装口一26内，另一端放置在一级出料装置9上的安装口一26内，二级裂解炉炉体17一端放置在二级进料装置11上的安装口二内，另一端放置在二级出料装置18上的安装口二内，一级裂解炉炉体15、二级裂解炉炉体17两端设有旋转轨道24，安装口一26以及安装口二内设有与旋转轨道24相适配的旋转部件25，旋转部件25在旋转轨道24内进行旋转，从而可以有效提高一级裂解炉炉体15、二级裂解炉炉体17旋转的效率。
一级裂解炉20的温度由一级裂解炉20的入口端至出口端为200℃-400℃连续升温，二级裂解炉21内的温度由二级裂解炉21的入口端至出口端为400℃-650℃连续升温。
热风系统的加热器(第一热风机、第二热风机)采用化石燃料，包括不仅限于煤、石油天然气等；一级热风温度为200℃-400℃，二级热风温度为400℃-650℃。
如图1所示的一种含有机物污染废盐的裂解系统，该装置包括一级裂解炉20、二级裂解炉21，并且一级裂解炉20与水平面之间的夹角为1-5°，其底面由入口端(A端)至出口端(B端)逐渐降低，二级裂解炉21与水平面之间的夹角为1-5°，其底面由入口端(C端)至出口端(D端)逐渐降低。
所述一级进料装置1(一级炉螺旋进料器)设置在一级裂解炉20的较高一端端口(入口端A段端口)处，螺旋抄板区3设置于一级炉旋风除尘器2后，与一级进料装置1(一级炉螺旋进料器)的末端连接，蜂窝抄板区5设置于螺旋抄板区3后，一级抄板区7设置蜂窝抄板区5之后，一级出料装置9设置在一级裂解炉20的B端，一级炉热风系统(第一热风机10)设置在一级裂解炉20的B端后，热风从B端进入。
二级进料装置11设置(二级炉螺旋进料器)在二级裂解炉21的较高一端端口处(入口端C段端口)，二级出料装置18在二级裂解炉21的较低一端端口处(出口端D段端口)，二级进料装置11(二级炉螺旋进料器)设置在二级裂解炉21的C端，与一级出料装置9的出料口相连，三角堰板区23设置在二级裂解炉炉体17的C端处，与二级裂解炉炉体17相连，二级抄板区16设置在炉体的三角堰板区23后，二级出料装置18设置在二级裂解炉21的D端处，也是整个 裂解系统的出料口。第二热风机19(二级热风系统)设置在二级裂解炉21的D端外，热风从二级裂解炉21的D端进入。
含有机物污染废盐类危险废物从一级裂解炉20的一级进料装置1进入，通过一级炉旋风除尘器2，经过螺旋抄板区3、蜂窝抄板区5、一级抄板区7域后，进入一级裂解炉20的一级出料装置9进行出料后，进入二级裂解炉21的二级进料装置11，通过二级炉旋风除尘器12，进入三角堰板区23、二级抄板区16，到达整个系统出料系统。二级热风系统(第二热风机19)由二级裂解炉21末端进入，通过整个二级裂解炉21，与一级热风系统(第一热风机10)的热风一起进入一级裂解炉20，经过整个一级裂解炉20炉体，通过一级炉旋风除尘器2后由排湿风机14排出，物料前进方向与热风流动方向相反，形成逆流加热。
如图1所示，在本实例中包括一级炉旋风除尘器2和二级炉旋风除尘器12，一级炉旋风除尘器2设置在紧靠着一级进料装置1(一级螺旋进料器)上方，物料通过一级进料装置1的加入，产生的灰尘由一级炉旋风除尘器2除尘，二级炉旋风除尘器12设置在紧靠着二级进料装置11(二级螺旋进料器)上方，产生的灰尘由二级炉旋风除尘器12除尘。
如图1所示，在本实例中还包括排湿风机14设置在一级裂解炉20的A端的前方，并与一级炉旋风除尘器2相连，用于排出整个裂解系统的烟气。
用图1的裂解系统裂解来自某农药厂的含有机物污染的废氯化钠盐类危险废物。实验步骤和效果如表：
表1实验步骤和实验结果
Figure PCTCN2020134288-appb-000001
由表1可以看出，废氯化钠盐类危险废物中TOC含量有4683mg/L降到217mg/L，降低了94.4％。
本发明可利用处理过程中产生的废气。在固体废弃物煅烧过程中，必定产生大量的挥发性有机废气，在本发明专利中，巧妙的利用工艺本身中的化石燃料，将燃烧过程中产生的挥发性有机废气燃烧处理。此种技术一方面节省了废气处理装置投资及运行成本；另一方面挥发性有机废气作为一种有机物还能作为一种燃料，提供一定的燃烧热量。因此，在工艺流程中解决了废气污染的问题，设计巧妙，创新性显著。
上述实施例仅为本发明的优选技术方案，而不应视为对于本发明的限制，本发明的保护范围应以权利要求记载的技术方案，包括权利要求记载的技术方案中技术特征的等同替换方案为保护范围，即在此范围内的等同替换改进，也在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种含有机物污染废盐的裂解装置，其特征在于：包括倾斜设置的一级裂解炉以及倾斜设置的二级裂解炉，一级裂解炉包括一级进料装置、一级裂解炉炉体、第一热风机以及一级出料装置，一级裂解炉炉体一端与一级进料装置相连，另一端分别与一级出料装置、第一热风机相连；二级裂解炉包括二级进料装置、二级裂解炉炉体、第二热风机以及二级出料装置，二级裂解炉炉体一端与二级进料装置相连，另一端分别与二级出料装置、第二热风机相连；一级出料装置设置在二级进料装置的上方，一级出料装置与二级进料装置相连；设置在一级进料装置上的进料口高于设置在一级出料装置上的出料口，设置在二级进料装置上的进料口高于设置在二级出料装置上的出料口。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种含有机物污染废盐的裂解装置，其特征在于：一级裂解炉炉体内侧沿着一级裂解炉炉体倾斜的方向依次设有螺旋抄板区、蜂窝抄板区以及一级抄板区。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的一种含有机物污染废盐的裂解装置，其特征在于：螺旋抄板区内设有若干条螺旋设置的螺旋抄板。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的一种含有机物污染废盐的裂解装置，其特征在于：蜂窝抄板区内设有若干条抄板交替叠加或卷成蜂窝结构。
  5. 根据权利要求2所述的一种含有机物污染废盐的裂解装置，其特征在于：一级抄板区内设有若干条L型抄板，L型抄板底端与一级裂解炉炉体相连。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的一种含有机物污染废盐的裂解装置，其特 征在于：二级裂解炉炉体内侧沿着二级裂解炉炉体倾斜的方向依次设有三角堰板区以及二级抄板区，三角堰板区内设有若干条三角堰板，三角堰板底端与二级裂解炉炉体内侧相连；二级抄板区内设有若干条L型抄板，L型抄板底端与二级裂解炉炉体内侧固定相连。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的一种含有机物污染废盐的裂解装置，其特征在于：一级裂解炉炉体、二级裂解炉炉体外侧均设有前托轮、后托轮以及传动齿轮；一级进料装置、一级出料装置与一级裂解炉炉体之间活动连接，二级进料装置、二级出料装置与二级裂解炉炉体之间活动连接。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的一种含有机物污染废盐的裂解装置，其特征在于：一级进料装置、一级出料装置上均设有与一级裂解炉炉体相对应的安装口一，安装口一内设有旋转部件，一级裂解炉炉体两端均设有与旋转部件相适配的旋转轨道；二级进料装置、二级出料装置上均设有与二级裂解炉炉体相对应的安装口二，安装口二内设有旋转部件，二级裂解炉炉体两端均设有与旋转部件相适配的旋转轨道。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的一种含有机物污染废盐的裂解装置，其特征在于：一级裂解炉与水平面之间的夹角为1-5°；二级裂解炉与水平面之间的夹角为1-5°。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的一种含有机物污染废盐的裂解装置，其特征在于：还包括一级炉旋风除尘器、二级炉旋风除尘器以及排湿风机，一级炉旋风除尘器设置在一级进料装置的上方，一级炉旋风除尘器与一级裂解炉炉体相连，排湿风机与一级炉旋风除尘器相连；二级炉旋 风除尘器设置在二级进料装置的上方，二级炉旋风除尘器与二级裂解炉炉体相连。
PCT/CN2020/134288 2020-12-05 2020-12-07 一种含有机物污染废盐的裂解装置 WO2022116226A1 (zh)

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