WO2022109628A1 - Systems and methods for plasma treatment enhanced leachability of tailings - Google Patents
Systems and methods for plasma treatment enhanced leachability of tailings Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2022109628A1 WO2022109628A1 PCT/US2021/072585 US2021072585W WO2022109628A1 WO 2022109628 A1 WO2022109628 A1 WO 2022109628A1 US 2021072585 W US2021072585 W US 2021072585W WO 2022109628 A1 WO2022109628 A1 WO 2022109628A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- tailings
- plasma treatment
- precious metal
- gold
- oxygen plasma
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000009832 plasma treatment Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 29
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052755 nonmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005188 flotation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052569 sulfide mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005272 metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B11/00—Obtaining noble metals
- C22B11/02—Obtaining noble metals by dry processes
- C22B11/021—Recovery of noble metals from waste materials
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B1/00—Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap
- C22B1/11—Removing sulfur, phosphorus or arsenic other than by roasting
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
Definitions
- the present invention generally relates to systems and methods for recovering precious metals from tailings; and more particularly to systems and methods for plasma treatment to enhance leachability of gold and silver tailings.
- Tailings are materials produced from mining such as milled rock and effluents. Massive quantities of tailings may be regarded as waste and be left from previous operations. Tailings can also have potential health and environmental risks. However, gold and silver tailings may contain significant amount of precious metals. Effective methods to recover precious metals from tailings may be desirable to take advantage of the waste materials from mining.
- Many embodiments are directed to an apparatus to recover precious metal in tailings including:
- the at least one oxygen plasma source generates an oxygen plasma to treat the tailing in the at least one chamber
- the at least one precious metal is gold, silver, and any combinations thereof.
- the recovered at least one precious metal is in a form of fine powders.
- the oxygen plasma treatment removes carbon, sulfur, and phosphor in the tailing.
- the recovered at least one precious metal is in a form of fine powders.
- the at least one precious metal is gold, silver, and any combinations thereof.
- FIG. 1 illustrates a setup of oxygen plasma reactor for gold or silver tailings in accordance with embodiments.
- FIG. 2 illustrates a flow chart of oxygen plasma treatment in accordance with embodiments.
- the plasma treatment setup in accordance with some embodiments include at least one material input where tailings can be added. Examples of tailings include (but are not limited to) gold tailings and silver tailings.
- the plasma treatment setup includes at least one plasma treatment chamber. The plasma treatment chamber performs oxygen plasma or microwave plasma treatment to the input tailing materials.
- the plasma treatment in accordance with various embodiments can remove materials containing carbon including (but not limited to) carbon polymers and carbon powders, materials containing sulfur, and materials containing phosphor. Many embodiments provide that the precious metals can be split into fine powders. In several embodiments, the plasma treatment setup includes at least one material output where the precious metal powder can be collected. [0017] In many embodiments, tailings including (but not limited to) gold and silver tailings can be added to a reaction chamber. Plasma treatment in accordance with several embodiments can take place in the reaction chamber. Some embodiments provide that plasma treatment can remove non-metal elements including (but not limited to) carbon, sulfur, and phosphor from the tailings. In certain embodiments, plasma treatment can split the precious metal including (but not limited to) gold and silver into powders.
- Tailings may contain significant amount of precious metals like gold and silver, around 1 gram/ton. Direct cyanidation can recover less than about 40% of gold from tailings. This low recovery efficiency could be due to the poor cyanidation of gold and silver because of the existence of floating polymers and/or other active carbon. Dehghani et al., reported that sulfide minerals and active carbon can be the main sources of gold in the tailings residue. Flotation and cyanidation tests on samples of tailings can be conducted. Flotation concentrates, containing around 87.79% of the gold, which are associated with sulfide minerals, can be recovered.
- the gold dissolution recovery can be in the range of 87.8 to 98.4%.
- the carbon-in-column method can be used to recover 98% of the gold from the solution. (See, e.g., A. Dehghani, et al., The Journal of The Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, 2009, 109, 417-421 ; the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference).
- Fleming et al. reported to recover about 95% gold using cyanidation process (See, e.g., C. A. Fleming, et al., An Economic and Environmental Case for Re-processing Gold Tailings in South Africa, SGS Minerals Technical Paper, 2010-03; the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference).
- Many embodiments provide effective processes to remove carbon materials using plasma including (but not limited to) oxygen plasma and microwave plasma.
- Carbon materials including (but not limited to) carbon polymers, carbon powder, carbon nanotubes, graphene, and graphite, can be removed and/or destroyed within seconds using plasma treatment.
- many embodiments provide effective and low-cost oxygen plasma reactors to remove any non-metal elements including (but not limited to) carbon, sulfur, and phosphor. Simultaneously, the oxygen plasma can induce the particle splitting into fine powder in accordance with several embodiments.
- FIG. 1 A schematic of the oxygen plasma reactor in accordance with an embodiment of the invention is illustrated FIG. 1.
- Tailings containing precious metals such as gold and/or silver (101 ) can be added to a chamber (102).
- Oxygen can be supplied to the chamber (102) and oxygen plasma (103) can be carried out in the chamber to the tailings.
- Oxygen plasma (103) can remove any non-metal elements so as to improve the leachability of the tailings.
- the oxygen plasma (103) treatment can also break the precious metals into fine powders (104).
- the precious metal fine powders gold powder and/or silver powder
- FIG. 2 A process of the plasma treatment for tailings in accordance with an embodiment of the invention is illustrated FIG. 2.
- Tailings containing precious metals can be added to a chamber (201 ).
- Plasma treatment such as oxygen plasma treatment or microwave plasma treatment can be carried out in the chamber to treat the tailings (202).
- the plasma treatment can remove or destroy the non- metal materials containing carbon, sulfur, and/or phosphor, and recover precious metals from tailings.
- the plasma treatment can break down the precious metal in to fine powders.
- the fine powder of precious metal can be collected (203).
Abstract
Systems and methods for plasma treatment to recover precious metals from tailings with enhanced leachability are described.
Description
SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR PLASMA TREATMENT ENHANCED
LEACHABILITY OF TAILINGS
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] The current application claims the benefit of and priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63/117,418 entitled “Oxygen Plasma Treatment Enhanced Leachability of Gold and Silver Tailings” filed November 23, 2020. The disclosure of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63/117,418 is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety for all purposes.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0002] The present invention generally relates to systems and methods for recovering precious metals from tailings; and more particularly to systems and methods for plasma treatment to enhance leachability of gold and silver tailings.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0003] Tailings are materials produced from mining such as milled rock and effluents. Massive quantities of tailings may be regarded as waste and be left from previous operations. Tailings can also have potential health and environmental risks. However, gold and silver tailings may contain significant amount of precious metals. Effective methods to recover precious metals from tailings may be desirable to take advantage of the waste materials from mining.
BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0004] Systems and methods for recovering precious metals from gold and silver tailings are illustrated.
[0005] Many embodiments are directed to an apparatus to recover precious metal in tailings including:
• at least one chamber; and
• at least one oxygen plasma source;
• wherein a tailing comprising at least one precious metal is added to the at least one chamber;
• wherein the at least one oxygen plasma source generates an oxygen plasma to treat the tailing in the at least one chamber; and
• wherein the at least one precious metal is recovered from the oxygen plasma treatment.
[0006] In various such embodiments the at least one precious metal is gold, silver, and any combinations thereof.
[0007] In various other such embodiments the recovered at least one precious metal is in a form of fine powders.
[0008] In still various other such embodiments the oxygen plasma treatment removes carbon, sulfur, and phosphor in the tailing.
[0009] Many embodiments are also directed to methods to recover precious metal from tailings including:
• adding a tailing comprising at least one precious metal into a chamber;
• applying an oxygen plasma treatment to the tailing in the chamber;
• recovering the at least one precious metal from the tailing; and
• collecting the recovered at least one precious metal;
• wherein the oxygen plasma treatment removes carbon, sulfur, and phosphor from the tailing.
[0010] In various such embodiments the recovered at least one precious metal is in a form of fine powders.
[0011] In various other such embodiments the at least one precious metal is gold, silver, and any combinations thereof.
[0012] Additional embodiments and features are set forth in part in the description that follows, and in part will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon examination of the specification or may be learned by the practice of the disclosure. A further understanding of the nature and advantages of the present disclosure may be realized
by reference to the remaining portions of the specification and the drawings, which forms a part of this disclosure.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0013] The description will be more fully understood with reference to the following figures, which are presented as exemplary embodiments of the invention and should not be construed as a complete recitation of the scope of the invention, wherein:
[0014] FIG. 1 illustrates a setup of oxygen plasma reactor for gold or silver tailings in accordance with embodiments.
[0015] FIG. 2 illustrates a flow chart of oxygen plasma treatment in accordance with embodiments.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0016] Turning now to the drawings, systems methods for recovering precious metals including (but not limited to) gold and silver from tailings are described. Many embodiments use plasma including (but not limited to) oxygen plasma and microwave plasma treatment to enhance leachability of gold and silver tailings. Several embodiments provide a plasma treatment setup to perform the plasma treatment and remove any non- metal element. The plasma treatment setup in accordance with some embodiments include at least one material input where tailings can be added. Examples of tailings include (but are not limited to) gold tailings and silver tailings. In certain embodiments, the plasma treatment setup includes at least one plasma treatment chamber. The plasma treatment chamber performs oxygen plasma or microwave plasma treatment to the input tailing materials. The plasma treatment in accordance with various embodiments can remove materials containing carbon including (but not limited to) carbon polymers and carbon powders, materials containing sulfur, and materials containing phosphor. Many embodiments provide that the precious metals can be split into fine powders. In several embodiments, the plasma treatment setup includes at least one material output where the precious metal powder can be collected.
[0017] In many embodiments, tailings including (but not limited to) gold and silver tailings can be added to a reaction chamber. Plasma treatment in accordance with several embodiments can take place in the reaction chamber. Some embodiments provide that plasma treatment can remove non-metal elements including (but not limited to) carbon, sulfur, and phosphor from the tailings. In certain embodiments, plasma treatment can split the precious metal including (but not limited to) gold and silver into powders.
[0018] Tailings may contain significant amount of precious metals like gold and silver, around 1 gram/ton. Direct cyanidation can recover less than about 40% of gold from tailings. This low recovery efficiency could be due to the poor cyanidation of gold and silver because of the existence of floating polymers and/or other active carbon. Dehghani et al., reported that sulfide minerals and active carbon can be the main sources of gold in the tailings residue. Flotation and cyanidation tests on samples of tailings can be conducted. Flotation concentrates, containing around 87.79% of the gold, which are associated with sulfide minerals, can be recovered. By regrinding, roasting, and cyanidation of the flotation concentrate, the gold dissolution recovery can be in the range of 87.8 to 98.4%. The carbon-in-column method can be used to recover 98% of the gold from the solution. (See, e.g., A. Dehghani, et al., The Journal of The Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, 2009, 109, 417-421 ; the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference). Using high pressure oxygen autoclave, Fleming et al. reported to recover about 95% gold using cyanidation process (See, e.g., C. A. Fleming, et al., An Economic and Environmental Case for Re-processing Gold Tailings in South Africa, SGS Minerals Technical Paper, 2010-03; the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference).
[0019] Systems and methods for plasma treatment that can be utilized to recover precious metal from tailings with enhanced leachability in accordance with various embodiments of the invention are discussed further below.
Plasma Reactor for Tailings
[0020] Many embodiments provide effective processes to remove carbon materials using plasma including (but not limited to) oxygen plasma and microwave plasma. Carbon
materials including (but not limited to) carbon polymers, carbon powder, carbon nanotubes, graphene, and graphite, can be removed and/or destroyed within seconds using plasma treatment. To enhance the leachability of gold and silver using cyanidation, many embodiments provide effective and low-cost oxygen plasma reactors to remove any non-metal elements including (but not limited to) carbon, sulfur, and phosphor. Simultaneously, the oxygen plasma can induce the particle splitting into fine powder in accordance with several embodiments.
[0021] A schematic of the oxygen plasma reactor in accordance with an embodiment of the invention is illustrated FIG. 1. Tailings containing precious metals such as gold and/or silver (101 ) can be added to a chamber (102). Oxygen can be supplied to the chamber (102) and oxygen plasma (103) can be carried out in the chamber to the tailings. Oxygen plasma (103) can remove any non-metal elements so as to improve the leachability of the tailings. The oxygen plasma (103) treatment can also break the precious metals into fine powders (104). The precious metal fine powders (gold powder and/or silver powder) can be collected at the end of the treatment.
[0022] While various setups for plasma treatment of tailings are described above with reference to FIG. 1 , any variety of setups that utilize plasma treatment to enhance leachability of tailings can be utilized in the recovery of precious metal in tailings as appropriate to the requirements of specific applications in accordance with various embodiments of the invention. Processes for performing plasma treatment to tailings in accordance with various embodiments of the invention are discussed further below.
Plasma Treatment for Tailings
[0023] Many embodiments provide plasma treatment processes to recover precious metals in tailings with enhanced leachability. A process of the plasma treatment for tailings in accordance with an embodiment of the invention is illustrated FIG. 2. Tailings containing precious metals can be added to a chamber (201 ). Plasma treatment such as oxygen plasma treatment or microwave plasma treatment can be carried out in the chamber to treat the tailings (202). The plasma treatment can remove or destroy the non- metal materials containing carbon, sulfur, and/or phosphor, and recover precious metals
from tailings. In addition, the plasma treatment can break down the precious metal in to fine powders. The fine powder of precious metal can be collected (203).
[0024] While various processes for recovering precious metals from tailings using plasma treatment processes are described above with reference to FIG. 2, any variety of processes that utilize plasma treatment to recover precious metals from tailings can be utilized in the design and synthesis of chemicals as appropriate to the requirements of specific applications in accordance with various embodiments of the invention.
DOCTRINE OF EQUIVALENTS
[0025] As can be inferred from the above discussion, the above-mentioned concepts can be implemented in a variety of arrangements in accordance with embodiments of the invention. Accordingly, although the present invention has been described in certain specific aspects, many additional modifications and variations would be apparent to those skilled in the art. It is therefore to be understood that the present invention may be practiced otherwise than specifically described. Thus, embodiments of the present invention should be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive.
Claims
1 . An apparatus to recover precious metal in tailings comprising: at least one chamber; and at least one oxygen plasma source; wherein a tailing comprising at least one precious metal is added to the at least one chamber; wherein the at least one oxygen plasma source generates an oxygen plasma to treat the tailing in the at least one chamber; and wherein the at least one precious metal is recovered from the oxygen plasma treatment.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the at least one precious metal is gold, silver, and any combinations thereof.
3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the recovered at least one precious metal is in a form of fine powders.
4. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the oxygen plasma treatment removes carbon, sulfur, and phosphor in the tailing.
5. A method to recover precious metal from tailings comprising: adding a tailing comprising at least one precious metal into a chamber; applying an oxygen plasma treatment to the tailing in the chamber; recovering the at least one precious metal from the tailing; and collecting the recovered at least one precious metal; wherein the oxygen plasma treatment removes carbon, sulfur, and phosphor from the tailing.
-7-
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the recovered at least one precious metal is in a form of fine powders.
7. The method of claim 5, wherein the at least one precious metal is gold, silver, and any combinations thereof.
-8-
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US202063117418P | 2020-11-23 | 2020-11-23 | |
| US63/117,418 | 2020-11-23 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2022109628A1 true WO2022109628A1 (en) | 2022-05-27 |
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ID=81709869
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/US2021/072585 WO2022109628A1 (en) | 2020-11-23 | 2021-11-23 | Systems and methods for plasma treatment enhanced leachability of tailings |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
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| WO (1) | WO2022109628A1 (en) |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4891060A (en) * | 1987-08-27 | 1990-01-02 | Tetronics Research And Development Company Ltd. | Process for the recovery of gold using plasma |
| US5072288A (en) * | 1989-02-21 | 1991-12-10 | Cornell Research Foundation, Inc. | Microdynamic release structure |
| WO2018060320A1 (en) * | 2016-09-30 | 2018-04-05 | Luxembourg Institute Of Science And Technology (List) | Process for the production of an organized network of nanowires on a metallic substrate |
-
2021
- 2021-11-23 WO PCT/US2021/072585 patent/WO2022109628A1/en active Application Filing
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4891060A (en) * | 1987-08-27 | 1990-01-02 | Tetronics Research And Development Company Ltd. | Process for the recovery of gold using plasma |
| US5072288A (en) * | 1989-02-21 | 1991-12-10 | Cornell Research Foundation, Inc. | Microdynamic release structure |
| WO2018060320A1 (en) * | 2016-09-30 | 2018-04-05 | Luxembourg Institute Of Science And Technology (List) | Process for the production of an organized network of nanowires on a metallic substrate |
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