WO2022105262A1 - 供电管理方法、装置和系统 - Google Patents
供电管理方法、装置和系统 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022105262A1 WO2022105262A1 PCT/CN2021/105659 CN2021105659W WO2022105262A1 WO 2022105262 A1 WO2022105262 A1 WO 2022105262A1 CN 2021105659 W CN2021105659 W CN 2021105659W WO 2022105262 A1 WO2022105262 A1 WO 2022105262A1
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- power supply
- voltage
- current
- power
- powered device
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- 238000007726 management method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 36
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000005856 abnormality Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001960 triggered effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012358 sourcing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F1/00—Details not covered by groups G06F3/00 - G06F13/00 and G06F21/00
- G06F1/26—Power supply means, e.g. regulation thereof
- G06F1/32—Means for saving power
- G06F1/3203—Power management, i.e. event-based initiation of a power-saving mode
- G06F1/3234—Power saving characterised by the action undertaken
- G06F1/3296—Power saving characterised by the action undertaken by lowering the supply or operating voltage
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L12/00—Data switching networks
- H04L12/02—Details
- H04L12/10—Current supply arrangements
Definitions
- the present application relates to a communication technology, and in particular, to a power supply management method, device and system.
- PoE Power over Ethernet
- PSE power sourcing equipment
- PD powered device
- the PSE can provide 15.4 watts of power to the PD
- the PoE standard IEEE802.at was released
- the PSE can provide 30 watts of power to the PD
- the IEEE802.3bt standard was released at the end of 2017,
- the PSE can provide 90 watts of power to the PD.
- the power supply of the PSE increases, the current on the power supply line increases, and the loss of the PoE system on the power supply line increases.
- the transmitted current may cause harm to the human body, and there is no requirement for safety in the existing standards.
- the present application provides a power supply management method, device and system, which are used to reduce the loss of the power supply line, ensure the safety of the power supply line, and avoid safety risks when the power supply device supplies power to the power receiving device.
- the present application discloses a power supply management method, comprising: determining a first voltage, where the first voltage is the highest power supply voltage negotiated by a power supply device and a powered device; and supplying power to the powered device according to the first voltage.
- the power supply equipment can supply power to different power receiving equipment according to different maximum power supply voltages, which reduces the power supply loss and improves the power supply efficiency.
- the determining the first voltage includes: determining the first current according to the second voltage; determining the first voltage according to the first current; the second voltage is the power supply device The negotiated voltage of the first voltage is negotiated with the powered device; the first current is the current returned by the powered device to the power supply device according to the second voltage. By negotiating with the powered device through the second voltage, the power supply device can determine the highest power supply voltage of the powered device without changing the power supply line.
- the second current is determined according to the third voltage; according to the second current, it is determined whether the power receiving device is an effective power receiving device; the third voltage is the power supply device detects the The detection voltage of whether the powered device is a valid powered device; the second current is the current returned by the powered device to the power supply device according to the third voltage.
- the power supply device can be compatible with the old power receiving device, ensuring that the old power receiving device can also work normally in the system.
- the supplying power to the powered device according to the first voltage includes: when the powered device is a valid powered device, the power supply device supplies power to the powered device according to the first voltage. Powered by the powered device.
- the third current is determined according to the fourth voltage; the wire diameter of the power supply line between the power supply device and the power receiving device is determined according to the third current; the fourth voltage is determined by The size of the wire diameter is detected from the power supply device; the third current is the current returned by the power receiving device to the power supply device according to the fourth voltage.
- the power supply device can determine whether the power supply line can supply power to the power receiving device at the highest power supply voltage, thereby reducing the risk of power supply.
- the power supply device stops supplying power to the powered device.
- the overloading of the port includes: the power supply voltage of the power supply device to the powered device exceeds the first voltage; or the power supply current of the power supply device to the powered device exceeds a preset power supply current. Judging whether the port is overloaded to control whether to stop supplying power to the powered device, on the one hand, it can ensure the safety of the PoE system; Device works fine.
- stopping the power supply device to supply power to the powered device includes: the power supply device stops supplying power to the powered device within a predetermined time. The power supply is stopped within a predetermined time to ensure that no harm will be caused to the human body when the human body is in contact with the PoE system.
- the power supply device when the power supply device supplies power abnormally, the power supply device reduces the voltage or current that supplies power to the powered device. By judging the abnormality of the power supply, it is ensured that the temperature of the power supply line will not rise due to overload, thereby reducing safety risks.
- the determining the first current according to the second voltage includes: determining the magnitude of the return current according to the second voltage and the rated power of the powered device; and according to the magnitude of the return current , determine the first current.
- the first current is determined by the second voltage and the rated power of the powered device.
- the power supply device can supply power to the powered device according to the first voltage determined by the first current, which reduces the loss on the power supply line. It is guaranteed that when the powered device is working with the maximum power, it can also work normally.
- the present application discloses a power supply device, comprising: a current detection circuit for determining a first voltage, where the first voltage is the highest power supply voltage negotiated between the power supply device and the powered device; a power supply circuit for The power supply device supplies power to the powered device according to the first voltage.
- the current detection circuit is configured to: determine the first voltage according to a first current; and the first current is the power supplied by the power receiving device to the power supply device according to the second voltage The returned current; the second voltage is a negotiated voltage at which the power supply device and the powered device negotiate the first voltage.
- the current detection circuit is further configured to: determine whether the powered device is a valid powered device according to a second current; the second current is the The current returned to the power supply device by the three voltages; the third voltage is a detection voltage for the power supply device to detect whether the power receiving device is a valid power receiving device.
- the power supply circuit is configured to: when the powered device is an effective powered device, the power supply circuit supplies power to the powered device according to the first voltage.
- the current detection circuit is further configured to: determine the wire diameter of the power supply line between the power supply device and the powered device according to a third current; the third current is the The current returned by the power receiving device to the power supply device according to a fourth voltage; the fourth voltage is used by the power supply device to detect the size of the wire diameter.
- the power supply device further includes: a protection circuit, configured to control the power supply circuit to stop supplying power to the powered device when the port through which the power supply device is connected to the powered device is overloaded powered by.
- the overloading of the port includes: the power supply voltage of the power supply device to the powered device exceeds the first voltage; or the power supply current of the power supply device to the powered device exceeds the preset supply current.
- the protection circuit is further configured to: stop supplying power to the powered device within a predetermined time.
- the protection circuit is further configured to: reduce the voltage or current supplied to the powered device when the power supply device is abnormally powered.
- the present application discloses a power receiving device, comprising: a control circuit for triggering a first current according to a second voltage sent by a power supply device; a switch circuit for returning the first current to the power supply device;
- the first current is used by the power supply device to determine a first voltage
- the second voltage is a negotiated voltage between the power supply device and the powered device to negotiate the first voltage
- the first voltage is a negotiation between the power supply device and the powered device the highest supply voltage.
- the triggering of the first current includes: the control circuit determines the magnitude of the return current to the power supply device according to the second voltage and the rated power of the power receiving device; according to the return current The size of the switch circuit is triggered, so that the switch circuit generates the first current.
- control circuit is further configured to trigger a second current according to a third voltage sent by the power supply device; the switch circuit is further configured to return the second current to the power supply device; the second current The current is used by the powering device to determine whether the powered device is a valid powered device.
- control circuit is further configured to trigger a third current according to a fourth voltage sent by the power supply device; the switch circuit is further configured to return the third current to the power supply device; the third current The current is used by the power supply device to determine the wire diameter of the power supply line between the power supply device and the powered device.
- control circuit is further configured to trigger a fourth current according to the fifth voltage sent by the power supply device; the switch circuit is further configured to return the fourth current to the power supply device; the fourth current Used for the power supply equipment to determine the rated power of the powered equipment.
- the powered device further includes, when the powered device is connected to an external powered device, the rated power of the powered device includes the rated power of the external powered device.
- the control circuit when the powered device is connected to the external powered device, notifies the power supply device to renegotiate the first voltage of the powered device.
- the present application discloses a power supply system, including a power supply device, a power receiving device, and a power supply line; the power supply device is the power supply device disclosed in the second aspect, and the power receiving device is the power receiving device disclosed in the third aspect,
- the power supply line is used to connect the power supply device and the powered device.
- the present application discloses a chip, which is used to implement the method in the first aspect or each implementation manner of the first aspect.
- the present application discloses a chip for: triggering a first current according to a second voltage sent by a power supply device; and returning the first current to the power supply device.
- the first current is used by the power supply device to determine a first voltage
- the second voltage is a negotiated voltage between the power supply device and the powered device to negotiate the first voltage
- the first voltage is a negotiation between the power supply device and the powered device the highest supply voltage.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a PoE system according to an embodiment of the present application.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of power supply parameters of a PoE system provided by an embodiment of the present application
- FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a power supply device provided by an embodiment of the present application.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a powered device according to an embodiment of the present application.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a switch circuit provided by an embodiment of the present application.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of another PoE system provided by an embodiment of the present application.
- the PoE system 100 includes a power supply device 110 , a powered device 120 and a power supply line 130 .
- the power supply device 110 is connected to a plurality of different power receiving devices 120 (power receiving device 120A, power receiving device 120B, power receiving device 120C) through a plurality of power supply lines 130 (power supply line 130A, power supply line 130B, power supply line 130C).
- the power supply line 130 may be an optical cable or a cable of the type cat5e, cat6, or the like.
- the power supply device 110 may supply power to the powered device 120 at a supply voltage as high as possible.
- the higher the power supply voltage the smaller the transmission loss of the power supply line 130 .
- the power supply device 110 needs to negotiate with each powered device 120 about the first voltage of the powered device 120 , and the first voltage is the power of the powered device 120 .
- the highest power supply voltage that can be withstood is recorded as V h in this application.
- the power supply device 110 may send the negotiated voltage to the powered device 120 to complete the negotiation of the first voltage.
- the power supply device 110 also needs to determine other power supply parameters, such as determining whether the powered device 120 is a valid powered device, the rated power of the powered device 120, and the power supply line connecting the powered device 120 130 wire diameter and so on. To this end, the power supply device 110 may also send the detected voltage to the power receiving device 120 to determine the above-mentioned power supply parameters.
- the power supply device 110 and the powered device 120 can agree on different voltages to achieve different functions, such as negotiating the voltage for negotiating the first voltage, detecting the voltage or detecting whether the powered device is a valid powered device, or for It is used to detect the rated power of the powered device, or to detect the wire diameter of the power supply line connected to the powered device.
- the negotiated voltage used for negotiating the first voltage is referred to as the second voltage, and the negotiated voltage value is V a ;
- the detection voltage value is V b ;
- the detection voltage for detecting the wire diameter of the power supply line is called the fourth voltage,
- the voltage voltage value is V c ,
- the detection voltage for detecting the rated power of the power receiving device is called the fifth voltage, and the detection voltage value is Vd .
- the PoE system 100 can distinguish different voltages in the manner of Table 1 below.
- the power supply device 110 includes a current detection circuit 302 , a protection circuit 303 and a power supply circuit 304 .
- the power supply device 110 may be a chip, or may be a device composed of multiple chips or circuits.
- the power supply device 110 is connected to the power supply line 130 through the interface circuit 305 .
- the interface circuit 305 may be an external circuit or an internal circuit of the power supply device 110 .
- the power supply 301 is used to provide power for the power supply device 110 , so that the power supply device 110 supplies power to the powered device 120 through the interface circuit 305 .
- the power source 301 may be an external power source or a built-in power source of the power supply device 110 .
- the current detection circuit 302 is used to determine the first, second, third or fourth current returned by the powered device 120 .
- the current detection circuit 302 can determine the first voltage of the powered device 120 according to the first current; determine whether the connected powered device 120 is a valid powered device according to the second current; determine the power supply line connected to the powered device 120 according to the third current 130; and determining the rated power of the powered device 120 according to the fourth current.
- the power supply device 110 may stop supplying power to the port through the protection circuit 303 .
- the protection circuit 303 detects that the port connected to the power supply line 130B is overloaded, the protection circuit 303 can cut off the connection with the power supply line 130B.
- Port overload includes that the voltage supplied by the power supply device 110 to the powered device 120B exceeds a first voltage, or the current exceeds a preset threshold.
- the power supply circuit 304 includes a controller 311 and a voltage waveform generator 312 .
- the controller 311 is used to control the power supply device 110 to output various voltages shown in Table 1.
- the voltage waveform generator 312 is used to convert the supply voltage transmitted by the power supply 301 into different supply voltages.
- the voltage of the power supply 301 usually remains unchanged, such as 220V or 110V. Since different power receiving devices have different rated powers and different operating currents, the first voltages of different power receiving devices are also different.
- the present application can determine the first voltage of the powered device according to formula (1).
- V is the voltage, unit: Volt (V)
- W is rated power, unit: watt (W)
- I current, unit: ampere (A)
- the powered device 120A is a camera, its operating current is 0.1 ampere, and its rated power is 5W, according to formula (1), the first voltage of the powered device 120A is 50V.
- the powered device 120B is a voice over IP (Voice over Internet Protocol, VoIP) phone with a working current of 0.05 amps and a rated power of 5W, the first voltage of the powered device 120B is 100V.
- VoIP Voice over Internet Protocol
- the power supply device 110 needs to generate a corresponding first voltage for each powered device.
- the power supply circuit 304 may generate the first voltage for each powered device through the controller 311 and the voltage waveform generator 312 .
- the voltage waveform generator 312 converts the supply voltage of the power supply 301 into different supply voltages according to the input of the controller 311 .
- the controller 311 can control the voltage waveform generator 312 to generate different supply voltages for different powered devices.
- the power receiving device can be powered with the power supply voltage of V a , V b , V c or V d to complete the negotiation or detection of power supply parameters.
- the power supply device 110 can detect the returned current through the current detection circuit 302 .
- the specific value of the power supply parameter is determined according to the difference of the return current. For example, the current/highest voltage relationship table shown in Table 3 is stored on the power supply device 110 .
- the current detection circuit 302 detects the returned first current (I a ), and the specific value of the first voltage can be determined from Table 3.
- I a belongs to the range (I a1 , I a2 ], it means that the first voltage determined through negotiation between the power supply device 110 and the power receiving device 120 is V2, and the power supply voltage of V2 needs to be used to supply the power receiving device to the power supply device 120 in the subsequent formal power supply. 120 to supply power.
- I a belongs to the range (I a2 , I a3 ], it means that the power supply voltage of V3 needs to be used to supply power to the powered device 120.
- the power supply device 110 can send an alarm message to notify the management system that the negotiation fails, or supply power to the powered device 120 according to an existing standard, such as the 802.3bt standard.
- the current range in Table 3 (middle The parentheses indicate the inclusion relationship, and the parentheses indicate the non-inclusion relationship) is only for illustration, and can be expressed in other forms in implementation.
- the power supply device 110 In order to be compatible with the original powered device, the power supply device 110 also needs to determine whether the connected powered device 120 is a valid powered device. Powered devices 120 are powered with existing standards, such as standard 802.3bt. When the power supply device 110 determines that the power receiving device 120 is a valid power receiving device, the power supply device 110 supplies power to the power receiving device 120 with the negotiated first voltage. To this end, the power supply device 110 needs to send a third voltage (V b ) to the powered device 120 , and the current detection circuit 302 detects the returned second current (I b ), and calculates the current/device validity relationship according to the current/device validity relationship table shown in Table 4. It is determined whether the detected power receiving apparatus 120 is a valid power receiving apparatus.
- V b third voltage
- I b belongs to the range (0, I b1 ])
- I b belongs to the range (0, I b1 ]
- I b is a valid powered device.
- I b1 indicates that the current powered device is an inactive powered device.
- ⁇ represents infinity.
- the power supply device 110 also needs to detect the wire diameter of the power supply line 130 connected to the power receiving device 120 , so as to reduce the risk caused by the overheating of the power supply line due to the too small diameter of the power supply line 130 . If the temperature of the power supply line is too high, the insulation layer of the power supply line will be softened and damaged, resulting in direct contact of multiple conductors of the power supply line, causing a short circuit, and even causing the power supply line to catch fire, causing fires, etc. To this end, the power supply device 110 needs to send a fourth voltage (V c ) to the power receiving device 120, and the current detection circuit 302 determines to connect the The resistance of the power supply line 130 of the powered device 120 .
- V c fourth voltage
- the resistance of the power supply line 130 is not only related to the wire diameter, but also related to the length of the power supply line, the resistivity of the power supply line, and the current temperature of the power supply line. For the convenience of description, the present application does not consider factors related to resistance changes caused by temperature changes.
- the size of the wire diameter of the power supply line 130 can be calculated by formula (2):
- S is the wire diameter of the power supply line, unit: square millimeter (mm 2 )
- L is the length of the power supply line, unit: meter (m)
- ⁇ is resistivity, unit: ohm ⁇ square millimeter/meter ( ⁇ mm 2 /m)
- R is the resistance of the power supply line, unit: ohm ( ⁇ )
- the length of the power supply line can usually be determined by using a time domain reflection (time domain reflection, TDR) technique. Therefore, the wire diameter of the power supply line can be calculated according to formula (2).
- the length of the power supply line obtained according to TDR is 100 meters
- the wire diameter of the power supply line 130 (power supply line) is obtained according to formula (2).
- the material of the circuit 130 is basically copper (with a resistivity of 0.017 ⁇ mm 2 /m) as the carrier of the wire):
- this application does not use formula (2) to calculate the wire diameter, but directly lists the resistance corresponding to the current range and the wire diameter of the corresponding power supply line through Table 5.
- the power supply device 110 In order to ensure that the powered device 120 can work normally, the power supply device 110 also needs to determine the rated power of the powered device 120 .
- the power rating is the maximum power that the powered device 120 can support.
- the power supply device 110 sends the fifth voltage (V d ) to the power receiving device 120, and the current detection circuit 302 determines the rated value of the power receiving device according to the returned fourth current (I d ) and the current/power relationship table shown in Table 6 power. For example, when I d belongs to the range (I d2 , I d3 ], it means that the current rated power of the powered device is 50W.
- the powered device 120 includes a control circuit 402 and a switch circuit 403 .
- the powered device 120 may be a chip, or may be a device composed of multiple chips or circuits.
- the powered device 120 is connected to the power supply line 130 through the interface circuit 401 to transmit the power provided by the power supply line 130 to other circuits in the powered device 120 .
- the interface circuit 401 may be an internal circuit or an external circuit of the powered device 401 .
- powered device 120 may also include one or more other interface circuits that connect to external powered devices (eg, powered device 610 shown in FIG. 6 ).
- the interface circuit 401 may include an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) 411, and the analog-to-digital converter 411 is used to detect the current and convert the voltage of the current into a digital signal (the magnitude of the voltage) and send it to the control circuit 402.
- the control circuit 402 may be a microcontroller (microcontroller unit, MCU) or the like. The control circuit 402 looks up Table 1 according to the magnitude of the received voltage, and identifies whether the current voltage is the second voltage, the third voltage, the fourth voltage or the fifth voltage.
- the powered device 120 may also include a load 404 for determining the power rating of the powered device 120 .
- the switch circuit 403 includes switches 501 (501A, 501B, 501C, and 501D) and resistors 502 (502A, 502B, 502C, and 502D). Different switches are connected to different resistors (switch 501A is connected to resistor 502A, switch 501B is connected to resistor 502B, Switch 501C is connected to resistor 502C and switch 501D is connected to resistor 502D).
- the switch circuit 403 is connected to the interface circuit 401 through the positive and negative circuits, and opens the corresponding switch according to the control signal sent by the control circuit 402 .
- the number of switches and resistors in FIG. 5 is for illustration only, and can be added or deleted as needed during implementation.
- the control circuit 402 determines the first voltage supported by the powered device according to the rated power of the load 404 .
- the current powered device 120 is a VoIP phone (assuming the operating current is 0.05 ampere and the rated power is 5W)
- the highest power supply voltage supported by the current powered device 120 is 100V.
- the control circuit 402 can control the switch to be opened by the switch circuit 403 according to formula (3):
- R is resistance, unit: ohm ( ⁇ )
- V is the voltage, unit: Volt (V)
- I current, unit: ampere (A)
- the resistance belonging to this range can be found in the resistance 502 (502A, 502B, 502C, 502D) (assuming the resistance 502A). Then the control circuit 402 controls the switch circuit 403 to open the switch 501A, The size of the first current I a is adjusted between the range (I a1 , I a2 ] through the resistor 502A, and finally the first current is returned to the power supply device 110 through the negative circuit.
- the power supply device 110 is based on the first current I a (I a1 ⁇ I a ) ⁇ I a2 ), by looking up Table 3, it can be determined that the first voltage to supply power to the powered device is V2.
- the control circuit 402 can determine the powered device 120 by formula (1) according to the rated power and operating current of the load 404 the first voltage.
- the powered device 400 determines by looking up Table 4 that the magnitude of the second current that needs to be returned should belong to the range (0, I b1 ], for this reason, the formula (3) Calculate the resistance corresponding to I b1 :
- the control circuit 402 can find a resistance in the resistance 502 (502A, 502B, 502C, 502D) that falls within this range (assuming resistance 502B). Then the control circuit 402 controls the switch circuit 403 to open the switch 501B, adjusts the magnitude of the second current I b between the range (0, I b1 ] through the resistor 502B, and finally returns the second current to the power supply device 110 through the negative circuit.
- the power supply device 110 according to For the second current I b (I b ⁇ I b1 ), look up Table 4 to determine that the powered device 120 is an effective powered device.
- the control circuit 402 recognizes that the current voltage is the fourth voltage (V c )
- the powered device 120 detects the actual voltage (assuming V e ) and the current I e through the analog converter 411 . At this point, the voltage difference can be calculated
- the control circuit 402 determines the resistance range (R c1 , R c2 ] of the third current I c according to formula (3):
- the control circuit 402 can find the resistance in the resistance 502 (502A, 502B, 502C, 502D) that belongs to this range (assuming the resistance 502C). Then the control circuit 402 controls the switch circuit 403 to open The switch 501C adjusts the size of the third current I c between the range (I c1 , I c2 ] through the resistor 502C, and finally returns the third current to the power supply device 110 through the negative circuit.
- the power supply device 110 is based on the third current I c (I c1 ) ⁇ I c ⁇ I c2 ), according to Table 5, it can be determined that the wire diameter of the power supply line connecting the power receiving equipment is 0.2 mm 2 .
- the powered device 110 can look up Table 6 according to the rated power of the load 404 (assuming 20W), and determine according to its current range (I d1 , I d2 ] Corresponding resistance range (R d1 ,R d2 ]:
- the control circuit 402 can find a resistance in the resistance 502 (502A, 502B, 502C, 502D) that belongs to this range (assuming the resistance 502D). Then the control circuit 402 controls the switch circuit 403 to open The switch 501D adjusts the magnitude of the fourth current I d within the range (I d1 , I d2 ] through the resistor 502D , and finally returns the fourth current to the power supply device 110 through the negative circuit . ⁇ I d ⁇ I d2 ), by looking up Table 6, it can be determined that the rated power of the powered device is 20W.
- the powered device 120 may also be connected to an external powered device through other interface circuits, and supply power to the external powered device. That is, the powered device 120 can also serve as a power supply device to supply power to an external powered device.
- the power receiving device 120 is connected to the power supply device 110 through the power supply line 130 , and is connected to the power receiving device 610 through the power supply line 631 .
- the power supply device 110 sends the second voltage to the powered device 120 to negotiate the first voltage of the powered device 120 . Before returning the first current to the power supply device 110 , the powered device 120 needs to detect the rated power of the powered device 610 first.
- the first voltage of the device 120 (assuming V3); by looking up Table 6, according to its current range (I d3 , I d4 ] (representing a rated power of 100W), determine the corresponding resistance range (R d3 , R d4 ]:
- the control circuit 402 can find the resistance in the resistance 502 which belongs to this range (it is assumed to be 502E, not shown in FIG. 5 ), and adjust the first current I a through the resistance 502E which belongs to the range ( I d3 , I d4 ], thereby determining the first current returned to the power supply device 110.
- the power supply device 110 negotiates the first voltage (V3) with the powered device 120, detects the total rated power (100W) of the powered device 120, and supplies power
- the device 110 can supply power to the powered device 120 at the first voltage of V3. In this way, the powered device 120 and the powered device 610 can be guaranteed to work normally at the same time.
- the powered device 120 when the powered device 120 is connected to a new powered device, such as the powered device 620, after the powered device 120 has completed the negotiation of the first voltage with the powered device 620, whether the powered device 620 is After the detection of the effective powered device, the detection of the wire diameter of the power supply line 632 connecting the powered device 620, and the detection of the rated power of the powered device 620, the powered device 120 can notify the power supply device 110 through the control circuit 402 to re-initiate the power receiving device 110.
- the power supply device 110 may stop supplying power to the powered device through the protection circuit 303 .
- the power supply device 110 can set the overload current threshold or voltage threshold of the port through the controller 311 according to the safety requirements of the IEC60479-1 standard, and set the shutdown time of the protection circuit 303 according to the magnitude of the overload current and voltage.
- the off time is a preset time period, which represents the longest time for which the protection circuit 303 controls the power supply device 110 to stop supplying power to the powered device when the power supply current or the power supply voltage is greater than the threshold value.
- FIG. 2 is an overload configuration table provided by an embodiment of the present application, where the overload configuration table records configuration information of different powered devices. Taking the power receiving device 1 (which may be the power receiving device 120 in FIG. 1 ) as an example, the power supply device 110 supplies power to the power receiving device 1 at a maximum voltage of 1500V.
- the protection circuit 303 can ensure that the power supply device 110 stops supplying power to the powered device 1 within 1 ms. According to the IEC60479-1 standard, the human body will contact the power supply line within a 1ms cycle, and will not cause physical harm to the human body.
- the abnormality of the power supply system is also related to the wire diameter of the power supply line 130 and the rated power of the power receiving device 120 . As shown in FIG. 2 , both the power receiving device 2 and the power receiving device 4 currently meet the safety requirements of the IEC60479-1 standard. However, since the wire diameter of the power supply line connected to the power receiving device 2 is only 0.5 mm 2 , when the power of the power receiving device is 90W, the temperature of the power supply line will be too high. When the power supply is abnormal, the power supply device 110 may stop power supply to the power receiving device 120, limit power consumption, etc., to ensure the normal operation of the entire PoE system. Limiting power may be accomplished by reducing the supply voltage or current to the powered device 120 .
Abstract
本申请公开了一种供电管理系统，应用于该系统的供电管理方法和装置。该系统包括供电设备、受电设备和供电线路。所述供电设备通过向所述受电设备发送第二电压以确定第一电压，所述第一电压是所述供电设备与所述受电设备协商的最高供电电压。所述供电设备根据所述第一电压向所述受电设备供电。本申请中，供电设备通过受电设备能够支持的最高供电电压向受电设备供电，减少了供电线路上的损耗。
Description
本申请要求于2020年11月19日提交、申请号为202011308475.9、申请名称为“供电管理方法、装置和系统”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
本申请涉及一种通信技术，尤其涉及一种供电管理方法、装置和系统。
以太网供电(Power over Ethernet,PoE)是利用网线同时传输以太网数据和电力(power)。其中电力是指被提供的电(electricity)。电气和电子工程师学会(Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers，IEEE)PoE标准中定义PoE设备包括供电设备(power sourcing equipment，PSE)和受电设备(powered device，PD)。PSE是提供电力的设备。PD是抽取电力的设备。
2003年，IEEE发布了PoE标准IEEE802.3af,PSE可以向PD提供15.4瓦的功率，2009年PoE标准IEEE802.at发布，PSE可以向PD提供30瓦的功率，2017年底发布了IEEE802.3bt标准，PSE可以向PD提供90瓦的功率。随着PSE的供电功率越来越大，供电线路上的电流越来越大，PoE系统在供电线路上的损耗也越来越多。此外，由于PSE所提供的供电功率变大以后，传输的电流可能会对人体造成伤害，而现有的标准中并未对安全方面提出要求。
发明内容
本申请提供了一种供电管理方法、装置和系统，用以在供电设备向受电设备供电时，减少供电线路的损耗和保证供电线路的安全，避免了安全风险。
第一方面，本申请公开了一种供电管理方法，包括：确定第一电压，该第一电压是供电设备与受电设备协商的最高供电电压；根据该第一电压向受电设备供电。通过供电设备与受电设备之间的最高供电电压的协商，供电设备可以根据不同的最高供电电压向不同的受电设备供电，降低了供电损耗，提升了供电的效率。
在一种可选的实现方式中，所述确定第一电压，包括：根据第二电压，确定第一电流；根据该第一电流，确定该第一电压；该第二电压是所述供电设备与所述受电设备协商所述第一电压的协商电压；该第一电流是该受电设备根据该第二电压向所述供电设备返回的电流。通过第二电压与受电设备进行协商，供电设备可以在不不需要改变供电线路的情况下，确定受电设备的最高供电电压。
在一种可选的实现方式中，根据第三电压，确定第二电流；根据该第二电流，确定所述受电设备是否为有效受电设备；所述第三电压是该供电设备检测该受电设备是 否为有效受电设备的检测电压；该第二电流是该受电设备根据该第三电压向该供电设备返回的电流。通过检测该受电设备是否为有效受电设备，供电设备可以兼容旧有受电设备，保证旧有受电设备在系统中也可以正常工作。
在一种可选的实现方式中，所述根据所述第一电压向受电设备供电包括：当所述受电设备是有效受电设备时，所述供电设备根据所述第一电压向所述受电设备供电。
在一种可选的实现方式中，根据第四电压，确定第三电流；根据该第三电流，确定该供电设备与该受电设备之间的供电线路的线径大小；该第四电压用于该供电设备检测该线径大小；该第三电流是该受电设备根据所述第四电压向所述供电设备返回的电流。通过检测供电线路的线径大小，供电设备可以确定该供电线路是否可以以最高供电电压向受电设备供电，降低供电风险。
在一种可选的实现方式中，当该供电设备连接该受电设备的端口过载时，该供电设备停止向该受电设备进行供电。
在一种可选的实现方式中，所述端口过载包括：该供电设备向该受电设备的供电电压超过该第一电压；或该供电设备向该受电设备的供电电流超过预设的供电电流。通过端口是否过载判断，以控制是否停止向受电设备供电，一方面，可以保证PoE系统的安全；另一方面，只对端口过载的受电设备停止供电，保证了其他正常端口连接的受电设备可以正常工作。
在一种可选的实现方式中，该供电设备停止向受电设备供电包括：该供电设备在预定的时间内停止向受电设备供电。在预定的时间内停止供电，保证了当人体与该PoE系统接触时，不会对人体造成伤害。
在一种可选的实现方式中，当该供电设备供电异常时，该供电设备减少向该受电设备供电的电压或电流。通过判断供电异常，保证了供电线路不会由于过载而温度升高，减少安全风险。
在一种可选的实现方式中，所述根据第二电压，确定第一电流，包括：根据该第二电压和该受电设备的额定功率，确定返回电流的大小；根据该返回电流的大小，确定该第一电流。通过第二电压和受电设备的额定功率，确定第一电流，一方面供电设备可以根据第一电流确定的第一电压向受电设备供电，减少了供电线路上的损耗，另一方面，也保证了当受电设备以最大功率进行工作时，也可以正常工作。
第二方面，本申请公开了一种供电设备，包括：电流检测电路，用于确定第一电压，该第一电压是所述供电设备与受电设备协商的最高供电电压；供电电路，用于该供电设备根据所述第一电压向所述受电设备供电。
在一种可选的实现方式中，所述电流检测电路用于：根据第一电流，确定所述第一电压；所述第一电流是所述受电设备根据第二电压向所述供电设备返回的电流；所述第二电压是所述供电设备与所述受电设备协商所述第一电压的协商电压。
在一种可选的实现方式中，所述电流检测电路还用于：根据第二电流，确定所述受电设备是否为有效受电设备；所述第二电流是所述受电设备根据第三电压向所述供电设备返回的电流；所述第三电压是所述供电设备检测所述受电设备是否为有效受电设备的检测电压。
在一种可选的实现方式中，所述供电电路用于：当所述受电设备是有效受电设备 时，所述供电电路根据所述第一电压向所述受电设备供电。
在一种可选的实现方式中，该电流检测电路还用于：根据第三电流，确定该供电设备与该受电设备之间的供电线路的线径大小；所述第三电流是所述受电设备根据第四电压向所述供电设备返回的电流；所述第四电压用于所述供电设备检测所述线径大小。
在一种可选的实现方式中，所述供电设备还包括：保护电路，用于当所述供电设备连接所述受电设备的端口过载时，控制所述供电电路停止向所述受电设备供电。
在一种可选的实现方式中，所述端口过载包括：所述供电设备向所述受电设备的供电电压超过所述第一电压；或所述供电设备向所述受电设备的供电电流超过预设的供电电流。
在一种可选的实现方式中，该保护电路还用于：在预定的时间内停止向所述受电设备供电。
在一种可选的实现方式中，该保护电路还用于：当所述供电设备供电异常时，减少向所述受电设备供电的电压或电流。
第三方面，本申请公开了一种受电设备，包括：控制电路，用于根据供电设备发送的第二电压，触发第一电流；开关电路，用于向该供电设备返回该第一电流；该第一电流用于该供电设备确定第一电压，该第二电压是该供电设备与该受电设备协商该第一电压的协商电压，该第一电压是该供电设备与该受电设备协商的最高供电电压。
在一种可选的实现方式中，所述触发第一电流，包括：该控制电路根据该第二电压和该受电设备的额定功率，确定向该供电设备返回电流的大小；根据该返回电流的大小，触发该开关电路，以使该开关电路产生该第一电流。
在一种可选的实现方式中，该控制电路还用于根据所述供电设备发送的第三电压触发第二电流；该开关电路还用于向该供电设备返回该第二电流；该第二电流用于该供电设备确定该受电设备是否为有效受电设备。
在一种可选的实现方式中，该控制电路还用于根据所述供电设备发送的第四电压触发第三电流；该开关电路还用于向该供电设备返回该第三电流；该第三电流用于该供电设备确定该供电设备与该受电设备之间的供电线路的线径大小。
在一种可选的实现方式中，该控制电路还用于根据该供电设备发送的第五电压触发第四电流；该开关电路还用于向该供电设备返回该第四电流；该第四电流用于该供电设备确定该受电设备的额定功率。
在一种可选的实现方式中，该受电设备还包括，当该受电设备连接外部受电设备时，该受电设备的额定功率包括该外部受电设备的额定功率。
在一种可选的实现方式中，当该受电设备连接该外部受电设备时，该控制电路通知该供电设备重新协商该受电设备的第一电压。
第四方面，本申请公开了一种供电系统，包括供电设备、受电设备和供电线路；该供电设备为第二方面公开的供电设备，该受电设备为第三方面公开的受电设备，该 供电线路用于连接该供电设备和该受电设备。
第五方面，本申请公开了一种芯片，该芯片用于实现上述第一方面或第一方面各实现方式中的方法。
第六方面，本申请公开了一种芯片，该芯片用于：根据供电设备发送的第二电压，触发第一电流；向该供电设备返回该第一电流。该第一电流用于该供电设备确定第一电压，该第二电压是该供电设备与该受电设备协商该第一电压的协商电压，该第一电压是该供电设备与该受电设备协商的最高供电电压。
本申请第二、第三、第四、第五、第六方面的有益效果可以参考第一方面及其实现方式。
图1为本申请实施例提供的一种PoE系统的示意图；
图2为本申请实施例提供的PoE系统的供电参数示意图；
图3为本申请实施例提供的一种供电设备的结构示意图；
图4为本申请实施例提供的一种受电设备的结构示意图；
图5为本申请实施例提供的一种开关电路的结构示意图；
图6为本申请实施例提供的另一种PoE系统的示意图。
为了使本技术领域人员更好地理解本申请方案，下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图，对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚的描述。
如图1所示，PoE系统100包括供电设备110、受电设备120和供电线路130。供电设备110通过多条供电线路130(供电线路130A、供电线路130B、供电线路130C)连接多个不同的受电设备120(受电设备120A、受电设备120B、受电设备120C)。供电线路130可以是光电缆或cat5e、cat6等类型的线缆等。
为了减少在供电线路130上的功率损失，供电设备110可以以尽可能高的供电电压向受电设备120供电。在供电线路130的线径大小不变的前提下，供电电压越高，供电线路130的传输损耗越小。由于不同的受电设备的额定功率、所需的工作电流大小不同，供电设备110需要跟每一个受电设备120协商该受电设备120的第一电压，第一电压是该受电设备120所能承受的最高供电电压，本申请中记为V
h。
供电设备110可以向受电设备120发送协商电压，以完成第一电压的协商。除了协商第一电压外，供电设备110还需要确定其他的供电参数，如确定该受电设备120是否为有效受电设备、该受电设备120的额定功率、连接该受电设备120的供电线路130的线径大小等。为此，供电设备110还可以向受电设备120发送检测电压，以确定上述供电参数。
供电设备110与受电设备120可以约定不同的电压实现不同的功能，例如协商电压用来协商第一电压的，检测电压或用来检测该受电设备是否为有效受电设备的，或用来检测该受电设备的额定功率的，或用来检测连接该受电设备的供电线路的线径大 小的。为了描述方便，本申请中将用于协商第一电压的协商电压称为第二电压，协商电压值为V
a；将检测受电设备是否为有效受电设备的检测电压称为第三电压，检测电压值为V
b；将检测供电线路线径大小的检测电压称为第四电压，电压电压值为V
c,将检测受电设备额定功率的检测电压称为第五电压，检测电压值为V
d。PoE系统100可以通过如下表1方式来区分不同的电压。
表1
| 供电参数 | 电压 |
| 最高供电电压 | V h |
| 协商电压 | V a |
| 有效性检测电压 | V b |
| 线径大小检测电压 | V c |
| 额定功率检测电压 | V d |
实际部署时，由于存在供电线路130上的损耗，受电设备120接收到对应的电压时，实际检测到的V
h、V
a、V
b、V
c、V
d存在一定的误差，可以约定一个最大误差α。在这个误差范围内的电压值都可以用来表示对应的供电参数。为此，受电设备120上对应的供电参数/电压关系表又可如下表2所示(表中V
a±α表示电压范围是(V
a–α,V
a+α])：
表2
| 供电参数 | 电压 |
| 最高供电电压 | V h±α |
| 协商电压 | V a±α |
| 有效性检测电压 | V b±α |
| 线径大小检测电压 | V c±α |
| 额定功率检测电压 | V d±α |
为了描述方便，除非特别说明，本申请不考虑供电线路上的损耗。还是以表1的方式来描述供电参数对应的协商电压或检测电压。
如图3所示，供电设备110包括电流检测电路302、保护电路303和供电电路304。供电设备110可以是一种芯片，也可以是由多个芯片或电路组成的设备。供电设备110通过接口电路305连接供电线路130。接口电路305可以是外部电路，也可以是供电设备110的内部电路。电源301用于为供电设备110提供电力，以使供电设备110通过接口电路305向受电设备120供电。电源301可以是供电设备110的外部电源或内置电源。电流检测电路302用于确定受电设备120返回的第一、第二、第三或第四电流。电流检测电路302可以根据第一电流确定受电设备120的第一电压；根据第二电流确定连接的受电设备120是否为有效受电设备；根据第三电流确定连接受电设备120的供电线路130的线径大小；以及根据第四电流确定受电设备120的额定功率。当某一连接供电线路130的端口过载时，供电设备110可以通过保护电路303停止向该端口供电。例如，当保护电路303检测到连接供电线路130B的端口过载时，保护电路303可以切断与供电线路130B的连接，此时，其他的供电线路，如130A、130C等可以继续正常供电。端口过载包括供电设备110向受电设备120B供电的电压超过第一电 压，或电流超过预设的阈值。供电电路304包括控制器311和电压波形发生器312。控制器311用于控制供电设备110输出表1所示的各种电压。电压波形发生器312用于将电源301传输的供电电压转换成不同的供电电压。电源301的电压通常保持不变，如为220V或110V等。由于不同的受电设备，其额定功率各不相同，其工作的电流大小也不相同，所以各受电设备的第一电压也各不相同。本申请可以根据公式(1)确定受电设备的第一电压。
V＝W/I (1)
V为电压，单位：伏特(V)
W为额定功率，单位：瓦特(W)
I为电流，单位：安培(A)
例如，假设受电设备120A为摄像头，其工作电流为0.1安培，额定功率为5W，根据公式(1)，受电设备120A的第一电压是50V。假设受电设备120B为基于IP的语音传输(Voice over Internet Protocol,VoIP)电话机，其工作电流为0.05安培，额定功率为5W，则受电设备120B的第一电压是100V。
为此，供电设备110需要为每个受电设备产生对应的第一电压。供电电路304可以通过控制器311和电压波形发生器312为每个受电设备产生第一电压。电压波形发生器312根据控制器311的输入，将电源301的供电电压转变为不同的供电电压。控制器311一方面可以控制电压波形发生器312为不同的受电设备产生不同的供电电压。另一方面可以根据表1，根据不同的需求，以V
a、V
b、V
c或V
d的供电电压向受电设备供电，以完成供电参数的协商或检测。
当供电设备110向受电设备120供电后，供电设备110可以通过电流检测电路302检测返回的电流。并根据返回电流大小的不同，确定该供电参数的具体值。例如，供电设备110上存储有表3所示的电流/最高电压关系表。当供电设备110以第二电压(V
a)向受电设备120供电后，电流检测电路302检测到返回的第一电流(I
a)，可以通过表3确定该第一电压的具体值。例如，当I
a属于范围(I
a1,I
a2]时，表示供电设备110与该受电设备120协商确定的第一电压是V2，后续正式供电时需以V2的供电电压向该受电设备120供电。当I
a属于范围(I
a2,I
a3]时，表示需以V3的供电电压向该受电设备120供电。此外，当在表3中没有找到I
a对应的范围时，表明此次协商是失败的，此时，供电设备110可以发送告警信息以通知管理系统协商失败，或者根据现有的标准，如802.3bt标准，向受电设备120供电。表3中的电流范围(中括号表示包含关系，小括号表示不包含关系)仅为示意，实现中可以是其他形式的方式表示。
表3
| 电流范围 | 最高电压 |
| (0,I a1] | V1 |
| (I a1,I a2] | V2 |
| (I a2,I a3] | V3 |
| … | … |
为了与原有的受电设备兼容，供电设备110还需要判断连接的受电设备120是否为有效受电设备，当供电设备110判断该受电设备120为非有效受电设备时，供电设 备110以现有标准，如标准802.3bt,向受电设备120供电。当供电设备110判断该受电设备120为有效受电设备时，供电设备110以协商后的第一电压向受电设备120供电。为此，供电设备110需向受电设备120发送第三电压(V
b)，电流检测电路302检测返回的第二电流(I
b)，并根据表4所示的电流/设备有效性关系表判断所检测的受电设备120是否为有效受电设备。例如，当I
b属于范围(0,I
b1])时,表示当前受电设备为有效受电设备。当第二电流I
b大于I
b1时，表示当前受电设备为非有效受电设备。表4中∞表示无穷大。
表4
供电设备110还需检测连接受电设备120的供电线路130的线径大小，以减少由于供电线路130的线径过小，导致供电线路温度过高带来的风险。供电线路的温度过高，会导致供电线路的绝缘层软化和损坏，导致供电线路的多个导体直接接触，引起短路，甚至导致供电线路起火，引起火灾等。为此，供电设备110需向受电设备120发送第四电压(V
c)，电流检测电路302根据返回的第三电流(I
c)以及表5所示的电流/电阻关系表，确定连接该受电设备120的供电线路130的电阻。
表5
| 电流范围 | 电阻 | 供电线路线径大小 |
| (0,I c1] | R c1 | 0.1mm 2 |
| (I c1,I c2] | R c2 | 0.2mm 2 |
| (I c2,I c3] | R c3 | 0.5mm 2 |
| (I c3,I c4] | R c4 | 1mm 2 |
| … | … | … |
供电线路130的电阻，除了跟线径大小相关外，还跟供电线路的长度、供电线路的电阻率以及供电线路当前的温度相关。为了描述方便，本申请不考虑温度变化带来的电阻变化相关因素。供电线路130的线径大小可以通过公式(2)计算:
S＝L×ρ÷R (2)
S为供电线路的线径大小，单位:平方毫米(mm
2)
L为供电线路长度，单位:米(m)
ρ为电阻率，单位:欧姆·平方毫米/米(Ω·mm
2/m)
R为供电线路的电阻，单位：欧姆(Ω)
供电线路的长度通常可以采用时域反射(time domain reflection,TDR)技术确定。于是可以根据公式(2),计算得到供电线路的线径大小。例如，通过第三电流I
c确定对应的电阻是R
c2(假设R
c2＝3.5欧姆)，根据TDR得到的供电线路长度为100米，根据公式(2)获得供电线路130的线径大小(供电线路130的材质基本上都是采用铜(电阻率为0.017Ω·mm
2/m)作为导线的载体)：
S＝0.017×100÷3.5＝0.4857≈0.5mm
2
为了描述方便，除非特别说明，本申请没有通过公式(2)进行线径大小的计算，而是通过表5直接列出了电流范围所对应的电阻和对应的供电线路的线径大小。
为了保证受电设备120可以正常工作，供电设备110还需要确定受电设备120的额定功率。额定功率是受电设备120所能支持的最大功率。供电设备110向受电设备120发送第五电压(V
d),电流检测电路302根据返回的第四电流(I
d)以及表6所示的电流/功率关系表，确定该受电设备的额定功率。例如，当I
d属于范围(I
d2,I
d3]时，表示当前受电设备的额定功率是50W。
表6
| 电流范围 | 受电设备功率 |
| (0,I d1] | 10W |
| (I d1,I d2] | 20W |
| (I d2,I d3] | 50W |
| (I d3,I d4] | 100W |
| … | … |
供电设备110接收到的第一、第二、第三和第四电流，由受电设备120所触发。如图4所示，受电设备120包括控制电路402和开关电路403。受电设备120可以是一种芯片，也可以是由多个芯片或电路组成的设备。受电设备120通过接口电路401连接供电线路130，以将供电线路130提供的电力传输给受电设备120中的其他电路。接口电路401可以是受电设备401的内部电路或外置电路。此外，受电设备120还可以包括一个或多个连接外部受电设备(例如，图6所示的受电设备610)的其他接口电路。接口电路401可以包括模拟数字转换器(analog-to-digital converter,ADC)411，模拟数字转换器411用于检测电流，并将电流的电压转换成数字信号(电压大小)发送给控制电路402。控制电路402可以是微控制器(microcontroller unit,MCU)等。控制电路402根据接收到的电压大小查找表1，识别当前的电压是第二电压、第三电压、第四电压还是第五电压。当控制电路402识别出当前电压为第二电压时，控制电路402触发开关电路403返回第一电流；当控制电路402识别当前电压为第五电压时，控制电路402触发开关电路403返回第四电流。受电设备120还可以包括负载404，用于确定受电设备120的额定功率。
如图5所示，为开关电路403的一种实现方式。开关电路403包括开关501(501A、501B和501C和501D)和电阻502(502A、502B、502C和502D)，不同的开关连接不同的电阻(开关501A与电阻502A相连、开关501B与电阻502B相连、开关501C与电阻502C相连、开关501D与电阻502D相连)。开关电路403通过正极、负极电路连接接口电路401，并根据控制电路402发送的控制信号，打开对应的开关。图5中开关、电阻的个数仅为示意，实现时可以根据需要进行添加或删减。
当控制电路402识别当前电压为第二电压(V
a)时，控制电路402根据负载404的额定功率，确定该受电设备所支持的第一电压。例如，当前受电设备120为VoIP电话(假设工作电流为0.05安培，额定功率为5W)时,根据公式(1),当前受电设备120所支持的最高供电电压为100V。通过查找表3(假设V2＝100V)，可以确定100V供电电压所对应的电流范围是(I
a1,I
a2]。为此，受电设备120需要确保返回的第一电流I
a处于范 围(I
a1,I
a2]内。控制电路402可以根据公式(3)控制开关电路403所要打开的开关：
R＝V/I (3)
R为电阻，单位：欧姆(Ω)
V为电压，单位：伏特(V)
I为电流，单位：安培(A)
根据公式(3),可以得到对应的电阻范围(R
a1,R
a2]：
R
a1＝V
a/I
a1
R
a2＝V
a/I
a2
根据电阻范围(R
a1,R
a2]，可以在电阻502(502A、502B、502C、502D)中找到属于该范围的电阻(假设为电阻502A)。于是控制电路402控制开关电路403打开开关501A，通过电阻502A调节第一电流I
a大小在范围(I
a1,I
a2]之间，最后通过负极电路向供电设备110返回第一电流。供电设备110根据第一电流I
a(I
a1<I
a≤I
a2)，通过查找表3，可以确定向该受电设备供电的第一电压是V2。控制电路402可以根据负载404的额定功率和工作电流，通过公式(1)来确定受电设备120的第一电压。
当控制电路402识别当前电压为第三电压(V
b)时,受电设备400通过查找表4，确定需要返回的第二电流大小应属于范围(0,I
b1]，为此，可以通过公式(3)计算I
b1对应的电阻：
R
b1＝V
b/I
b1
从公式(3)可以知道，电阻越大，电流越小，所以第二电流对应的电阻范围(R
b1,∞)(≥R
b1)。通过电阻范围[R
b1,∞)，控制电路402可以在电阻502(502A、502B、502C、502D)中找到属于该范围的电阻(假设为电阻502B)。于是控制电路402控制开关电路403打开开关501B，通过电阻502B调节第二电流I
b大小在范围(0,I
b1]之间，最后通过负极电路向供电设备110返回第二电流。供电设备110根据第二电流I
b(I
b≤I
b1)，查找表4，确定该受电设备120为有效受电设备。
当控制电路402识别当前电压为第四电压(V
c)时，受电设备120通过模拟转换器411检测到实际电压(假设为V
e)和电流I
e。此时可以计算其电压差
β＝V
c–V
e
并根据公式(4)确定供电线路的电阻
R
e＝β/I
e (4)
根据电阻R
e，查找表5(假设R
e＝R
c2)，可以确定供电线路的线径大小为0.2mm
2。该线径大小的电流范围为(I
c1,I
c2]。控制电路402根据公式(3)确定第三电流I
c的电阻范围(R
c1,R
c2]：
R
c1＝V
c/I
c1
R
c2＝V
c/I
c2
根据电阻范围(R
c1,R
c2]，控制电路402可以在电阻502(502A、502B、502C、502D)中找到属于该范围的电阻(假设为电阻502C)。于是控制电路402控制开关电路403打开开关501C，通过电阻502C调节第三电流I
c大小在范围(I
c1,I
c2]之间，最后通过负极电路向供电设备110返回第三电流。供电设备110根据第三电流I
c(I
c1<I
c≤I
c2)，通过表5，可以确定连接该受电设备的供电线路的线径大小为0.2mm
2。
当控制电路402识别当前电压为第五电压(V
d)时，受电设备110可以根据负载404的额定功率(假设为20W)，查找表6，根据其电流范围(I
d1,I
d2]确定对应的电阻范围(R
d1,R
d2]：
R
d1＝V
d/I
d1
R
d2＝V
d/I
d2
根据电阻范围(R
d1,R
d2]，控制电路402可以在电阻502(502A、502B、502C、502D)中找到属于该范围的电阻(假设为电阻502D)。于是控制电路402控制开关电路403打开开关501D，通过电阻502D调节第四电流I
d大小在范围(I
d1,I
d2]之间，最后通过负极电路向供电设备110返回第四电流。供电设备110根据第四电流I
d(I
d1<I
d≤I
d2)，通过查找表6，可以确定该该受电设备的额定功率为20W。
在实际部署中，受电设备120还可以通过其他接口电路连接外部受电设备，并为该外部受电设备供电。即受电设备120还可以作为供电设备为外部受电设备供电。如图6所示，受电设备120通过供电线路130与供电设备110连接，通过供电线路631与受电设备610相连接。供电设备110向受电设备120发送第二电压，以协商该受电设备120的第一电压。受电设备120在向供电设备110返回第一电流之前，需要先检测受电设备610的额定功率。于是跟供电设备110检测受电设备120的额定功率的流程一样，受电设备120通过向受电设备610发送第五电压，检测到受电设备610的额定功率(假设为50W)。随后，受电设备120(假设自身负载的功率为50W)根据总的额定功率(50+50＝100W)、受电设备120或外部设备610的工作电流，可以通过公式(1),确定受电设备120的第一电压(假设为V3)；通过查找表6，根据其电流范围(I
d3,I
d4](表示额定功率为100W)，确定所对应的电阻范围(R
d3,R
d4]：
R
d3＝V
d/I
d3
R
d4＝V
d/I
d4
根据电阻范围(R
d3,R
d4]，控制电路402可以在电阻502中找到属于该范围的电阻(假设为502E，图5中未画出)，通过电阻502E调节第一电流I
a属于范围(I
d3,I
d4]，从而确定向供电设备110返回的第一电流。供电设备110与受电设备120协商第一电压(V3)、检测受电设备120总的额定功率(100W)后，供电设备110可以以V3的第一电压向受电设备120供电，通过此方式，可以保证受电设备120、受电设备610同时正常工作。
在供电过程中，受电设备120又连接了新的受电设备，如受电设备620时，受电设备120在完成了与受电设备620的第一电压的协商、受电设备620是否为有效受电设备的检测、连接受电设备620的供电线路632的线径大小检测以及受电设备620的额定功率检测等任务后，受电设备120可以通过控制电路402通知供电设备110重新发起受电设备120的第一电压协商、受电设备120的额定功率检测等任务。
为了保证PoE系统100安全运行，当连接某一受电设备的端口过载时，供电设备110可以通过保护电路303停止向该受电设备供电。供电设备110可以根据IEC60479-1标准的安全要求，通过控制器311设置该端口过载的电流阈值或电压阈值，并根据过载电流、电压的大小设置保护电路303的关断时间。关断时间是一个预设的时间段，表示当供电电流或供电电压大于阈值时，保护电路303控制供电设备110向该受电设备停止供电的最长时间。通过设置关断时间，可以确保当PoE系统100过载时，如由 于供电线路130的绝缘体破裂，导致有人体与之接触时，PoE系统不会对人体造成伤害。图2为本申请一个实施例提供的过载配置表，该过载配置表记录了不同受电设备的配置信息。以受电设备1(可以为图1中的受电设备120)为例，供电设备110以最高电压1500V向受电设备1供电，当供电系统发生异常，导致供电设备110的供电电压超过1500V或者供电电流超过20mA时，保护电路303可以保证供电设备110在1ms内停止向受电设备1供电。根据IEC60479-1的标准，人体在1ms周期内与供电线路发生接触，不会对人造成身体伤害。
供电系统异常还跟供电线路130的线径大小、受电设备120的额定功率相关。如图2所示，受电设备2、受电设备4当前都能满足IEC60479-1标准的安全要求。但是，由于连接受电设备2的供电线路的线径大小只有0.5mm
2,当受电设备的功率为90W时，会导致该供电线路温度过高。当供电异常时，供电设备110可以通过停止向该受电设备120供电、限制功耗等方式，以保证整个PoE系统正常运行。限制功率可以通过向受电设备120减少供电电压或电流来实现。
需要说明的是，本申请所提供的实施例仅仅是示意性的。所属领域的技术人员可以清楚的了解到，为了描述的方便和简洁，在上述实施例中，对各个实施例的描述都各有侧重，某个实施例中没有详述的部分，可以参见其他实施例的相关描述。在本申请实施例、权利要求以及附图中揭示的特征可以独立存在也可以组合存在，在此不做限定。
以上所述，仅为本发明的具体实施方式，但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到变化或替换，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。因此，本发明的保护范围应以所述权利要求的保护范围为准。
Claims (27)
- 一种供电管理方法，其特征在于，包括：确定第一电压，所述第一电压是供电设备与受电设备协商的最高供电电压；根据所述第一电压向受电设备供电。
- 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述确定第一电压，包括：根据第二电压，确定第一电流；根据所述第一电流，确定所述第一电压；所述第二电压是所述供电设备与所述受电设备协商所述第一电压的协商电压；所述第一电流是所述受电设备根据所述第二电压向所述供电设备返回的电流。
- 根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：根据第三电压，确定第二电流；根据所述第二电流，确定所述受电设备是否为有效受电设备；所述第三电压是所述供电设备检测所述受电设备是否为有效受电设备的检测电压；所述第二电流是所述受电设备根据所述第三电压向所述供电设备返回的电流。
- 根据权利要求3所述的方法，其特征在于，所述根据所述第一电压向受电设备供电包括：当所述受电设备是有效受电设备时，所述供电设备根据所述第一电压向所述受电设备供电。
- 根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：根据第四电压，确定第三电流；根据所述第三电流，确定所述供电设备与所述受电设备之间的供电线路的线径大小；所述第四电压用于所述供电设备检测所述线径大小；所述第三电流是所述受电设备根据所述第四电压向所述供电设备返回的电流。
- 根据权利要求1-5中任意一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：当所述供电设备连接所述受电设备的端口过载时，所述供电设备停止向所述受电设备供电。
- 根据权利要求6所述的方法，其特征在于，所述端口过载包括：所述供电设备向所述受电设备的供电电压超过所述第一电压；或所述供电设备向所述受电设备的供电电流超过预设的供电电流。
- 根据权利要求6或7所述的方法，其特征在于，所述供电设备停止向所述受电设备供电包括：所述供电设备在预定的时间内停止向所述受电设备供电。
- 根据权利要求1-8中任意一项所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括：当所述供电设备供电异常时，所述供电设备减少向所述受电设备供电的电压或电流。
- 根据权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于，所述根据第二电压，确定第一电流，包括：根据所述第二电压和所述受电设备的额定功率，确定返回电流的大小；根据所述返回电流的大小，确定所述第一电流。
- 一种供电设备，其特征在于，包括：电流检测电路，用于确定第一电压，所述第一电压是所述供电设备与受电设备协商的最高供电电压；供电电路，用于根据所述第一电压向所述受电设备供电。
- 根据权利要求11所述的供电设备，其特征在于，所述电流检测电路用于：根据第一电流，确定所述第一电压；所述第一电流是所述受电设备根据第二电压向所述供电设备返回的电流所述第二电压是所述供电设备与所述受电设备协商所述第一电压的协商电压。
- 根据权利要求11或12所述的供电设备，其特征在于，所述电流检测电路还用于：根据第二电流，确定所述受电设备是否为有效受电设备；所述第二电流是所述受电设备根据第三电压向所述供电设备返回的电流；所述第三电压是所述供电设备检测所述受电设备是否为有效受电设备的检测电压。
- 根据权利要求13所述的供电设备，其特征在于，所述供电电路用于：当所述受电设备是有效受电设备时，所述供电电路根据所述第一电压向所述受电设备供电。
- 根据权利要求11或12所述的供电设备，其特征在于，所述电流检测电路还用于：根据第三电流，确定所述供电设备与所述受电设备之间的供电线路的线径大小；所述第三电流是所述受电设备根据第四电压向所述供电设备返回的电流；所述第四电压用于所述供电设备检测所述线径大小。
- 根据权利要求11-15中任意一项所述的供电设备，其特征在于，所述供电设备还包括：保护电路，用于当所述供电设备连接所述受电设备的端口过载时，控制所述供电电路停止向所述受电设备供电。
- 根据权利要求16所述的设备，其特征在于，所述端口过载包括：所述供电设备向所述受电设备的供电电压超过所述第一电压；或所述供电设备向所述受电设备的供电电流超过预设的供电电流。
- 根据权利要求16-17中任意一项所述的供电设备，其特征在于，所述保护电路还用于：在预定的时间内停止向所述受电设备供电。
- 根据权利要求16-18中任意一项所述的供电设备，其特征在于，所述保护电路还用于：当所述供电设备供电异常时，减少向所述受电设备供电的电压或电流。
- 一种受电设备，其特征在于，包括：控制电路，用于根据供电设备发送的第二电压，触发第一电流；开关电路，用于向所述供电设备返回所述第一电流；所述第一电流用于所述供电设备确定第一电压，所述第二电压是所述供电设备与所述受电设备协商所述第一电压的协商电压，所述第一电压是所述供电设备与所述受电设备协商的最高供电电压。
- 根据权利要求20所述的受电设备，其特征在于，所述触发第一电流，包括：所述控制电路根据所述第二电压和所述受电设备的额定功率，确定向所述供电设备返回电流的大小；根据所述返回电流的大小，触发所述开关电路，以使所述开关电路产生所述第一电流。
- 根据权利要求20或21所述的受电设备，其特征在于：所述控制电路还用于根据所述供电设备发送的第三电压触发第二电流；所述开关电路还用于向所述供电设备返回所述第二电流；所述第二电流用于所述供电设备确定所述受电设备是否为有效受电设备。
- 根据权利要求20-22中任意一项所述的受电设备，其特征在于：所述控制电路还用于根据所述供电设备发送的第四电压触发第三电流；所述开关电路还用于向所述供电设备返回所述第三电流；所述第三电流用于所述供电设备确定所述供电设备与所述受电设备之间的供电线路的线径大小。
- 根据权利要求23所述的受电设备，其特征在于：所述控制电路还用于根据所述供电设备发送的第五电压触发第四电流；所述开关电路还用于向所述供电设备返回所述第四电流；所述第四电流用于所述供电设备确定所述受电设备的额定功率。
- 根据权利要求24所述的受电设备，其特征在于：当所述受电设备连接外部受电设备时，所述受电设备的额定功率包括所述外部受电设备的额定功率。
- 根据权利要求25所的受电设备，其特征在于：当所述受电设备连接所述外部受电设备时，所述控制电路通知所述供电设备重新协商所述受电设备的第一电压。
- 一种供电系统，其特征在于，包括供电设备、受电设备和供电线路；所述供电设备为权利要求11-19中任意一项所述的供电设备；所述受电设备为权利要求20-26中任意一项所述的受电设备；所述供电线路用于连接所述供电设备和所述受电设备。
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| EP21893414.9A EP4224798A4 (en) | 2020-11-19 | 2021-07-12 | POWER SUPPLY MANAGEMENT METHOD, APPARATUS AND SYSTEM |
| US18/313,308 US20230273672A1 (en) | 2020-11-19 | 2023-05-05 | Power supply management method, apparatus, and system |
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| CN103891197A (zh) * | 2011-10-28 | 2014-06-25 | 惠普发展公司，有限责任合伙企业 | 网络受电设备 |
| US20170208658A1 (en) * | 2014-07-08 | 2017-07-20 | Philips Lighting Holding B.V. | Powered device and power distribution system comprising the powered device |
| CN105049216A (zh) * | 2015-08-25 | 2015-11-11 | 上海斐讯数据通信技术有限公司 | 一种以太网供电方法及供电系统 |
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| US20230273672A1 (en) | 2023-08-31 |
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