WO2022104709A1 - 一种耦合伽马与高斯分布的月尺度降水预报校正方法 - Google Patents
一种耦合伽马与高斯分布的月尺度降水预报校正方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022104709A1 WO2022104709A1 PCT/CN2020/130457 CN2020130457W WO2022104709A1 WO 2022104709 A1 WO2022104709 A1 WO 2022104709A1 CN 2020130457 W CN2020130457 W CN 2020130457W WO 2022104709 A1 WO2022104709 A1 WO 2022104709A1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01W—METEOROLOGY
- G01W1/00—Meteorology
- G01W1/10—Devices for predicting weather conditions
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01W—METEOROLOGY
- G01W1/00—Meteorology
- G01W1/14—Rainfall or precipitation gauges
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F17/00—Digital computing or data processing equipment or methods, specially adapted for specific functions
- G06F17/10—Complex mathematical operations
- G06F17/18—Complex mathematical operations for evaluating statistical data, e.g. average values, frequency distributions, probability functions, regression analysis
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A10/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE at coastal zones; at river basins
- Y02A10/40—Controlling or monitoring, e.g. of flood or hurricane; Forecasting, e.g. risk assessment or mapping
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- the invention relates to the field of hydrological forecasting, and more particularly, to a monthly-scale precipitation forecasting correction method coupling gamma and Gaussian distribution.
- the patent with publication number CN108830419A proposes a joint forecasting method for cascade reservoir group inflow flow based on ECC post-processing, which belongs to the technical field of hydrological forecasting, and discloses a combination of gamma distribution functions based on measured data
- the systematic error correction is carried out on the aggregated numerical weather forecast data, but there are still random errors, which still have a certain impact on the forecast accuracy.
- the present invention provides a monthly-scale precipitation forecast correction method coupled with gamma and Gaussian distribution to overcome the defects of the system complexity and random errors affecting the precipitation forecast accuracy described in the prior art.
- the technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
- a monthly-scale precipitation forecast correction method coupling gamma and Gaussian distribution including the following steps:
- S1 Collect the forecast data of the average monthly precipitation in the basin area and the corresponding observation value of the average precipitation in the basin area as input data;
- a gamma distribution function is used to fit the forecast data and the observed values, respectively, to obtain the marginal distribution of the original forecast data and the observed values, and the expression formula is as follows:
- F represents the set of collected K forecast data [f 1 , f 2 ,..., f K ], and O represents the set of collected K observations [o 1 , o 2 ,..., o K ];
- G( ⁇ ) represents the gamma distribution function, ⁇ f , ⁇ f represent the gamma distribution parameters of the forecast data obtained by fitting, ⁇ o , ⁇ o represent the gamma distribution parameters of the observed values obtained by fitting .
- the parameters ⁇ f , ⁇ f , ⁇ o , and ⁇ o of the gamma distribution function are respectively calculated by the maximum likelihood estimation method.
- step S3 the cumulative distribution function of the corresponding gamma distribution is used to calculate the cumulative distribution function value of each forecast data f i and observation value o i in the corresponding gamma distribution, and the expression formula is as follows:
- the cumulative distribution function value is regarded as the quantile of the standard normal distribution, and the cumulative distribution function value is converted into a variable that obeys the standard normal distribution through the inverse function of the standard normal distribution cumulative distribution function, Its expression formula is as follows:
- N(0,1 2 ) represents the standard normal distribution.
- step S5 according to the variable obeying the standard normal distribution and A joint normal distribution is constructed to characterize the correlation between the forecast data and the observed values in the input data, and the expression formula is as follows:
- ⁇ represents the variable and correlation.
- step S6 its specific steps are as follows:
- the method further includes the following steps: calculating the deviation value and the forecast accuracy according to the corrected forecast result as the forecast check index.
- the method further includes the following steps: drawing a forecast diagnosis map according to the correction forecast result, the deviation value and the forecast precision.
- the corrected forecast median value is taken as the x-axis
- the precipitation forecast distribution interval and the observed value are taken as the y-axis
- the calculation results of the deviation value and forecast accuracy are inserted into the forecast and diagnosis chart for display.
- the beneficial effect of the technical solution of the present invention is: the present invention converts the precipitation forecast and observation data into normal distribution through gamma distribution, avoids the complicated data normalization method, and normalizes the data according to the obedience standard.
- the variables of the normal distribution are constructed with a joint normal distribution to characterize the correlation between the forecast data and the observed values in the input data, and further random sampling of the observed values according to the correlation can effectively quantify the random error, and solve the complexity of the system and the impact of random errors on precipitation.
- the problem that affects the forecast accuracy can effectively improve the forecast accuracy.
- FIG. 1 is a flowchart of a method for forecasting and correcting monthly-scale precipitation by coupling gamma and Gaussian distribution according to Embodiment 1.
- FIG. 1 is a flowchart of a method for forecasting and correcting monthly-scale precipitation by coupling gamma and Gaussian distribution according to Embodiment 1.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of input data in Embodiment 2.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of input data in Embodiment 2.
- FIG. 2 is a precipitation observation value and a normal distribution quantile map before conversion in Example 2.
- FIG. 2 is a precipitation observation value and a normal distribution quantile map before conversion in Example 2.
- FIG. 3 is a quantile diagram of the converted precipitation observations and normal distribution in Example 2.
- FIG. 4 is a time series diagram of the original forecast data of Example 2.
- FIG. 4 is a time series diagram of the original forecast data of Example 2.
- FIG. 5 is a time-series diagram of correction forecast in Example 2.
- FIG. 6 is an original prediction diagnosis diagram of Example 2.
- FIG. 7 is a correction prediction diagnosis diagram of Example 2.
- This embodiment proposes a monthly-scale precipitation prediction and correction method that couples gamma and Gaussian distribution.
- FIG. 1 a flowchart of the monthly-scale precipitation prediction and correction method for coupling gamma and Gaussian distribution of this embodiment is shown.
- S1 Collect the forecast data of the average monthly precipitation in the basin area and the corresponding observation value of the average precipitation in the basin area as input data.
- the gamma distribution function is used to fit the forecast data and the observed values, respectively, to obtain the marginal distribution of the original forecast data and the observed values.
- the expression formula is as follows:
- F represents the set of collected K forecast data [f 1 , f 2 ,..., f K ], and O represents the set of collected K observations [o 1 , o 2 ,..., o K ];
- G( ⁇ ) represents the gamma distribution function, ⁇ f , ⁇ f represent the gamma distribution parameters of the forecast data obtained by fitting, ⁇ o , ⁇ o represent the gamma distribution parameters of the observed values obtained by fitting .
- the parameters ⁇ f , ⁇ f , ⁇ o and ⁇ o of the gamma distribution function are calculated by the maximum likelihood estimation method respectively.
- the cumulative distribution function of the corresponding gamma distribution is used to calculate the cumulative distribution function value of each forecast data f i and observation value o i in the corresponding gamma distribution, and the expression formula is as follows:
- the cumulative distribution function value is regarded as the quantile of the standard normal distribution, and the cumulative distribution function value is converted into a variable that obeys the standard normal distribution through the inverse function of the standard normal distribution cumulative distribution function.
- the expression formula is as follows :
- N(0,1 2 ) represents the standard normal distribution.
- ⁇ represents the variable and correlation.
- the method further includes the following steps: calculating the deviation value and the prediction precision as the forecast inspection index according to the corrected forecast result, and drawing a forecast diagnosis map according to the corrected forecast result, the deviation value and the forecast precision.
- the corrected forecast median value is taken as the x-axis
- the precipitation forecast distribution interval and the observed value are taken as the y-axis
- the calculation results of the deviation value and forecast accuracy are inserted into the forecast diagnosis chart for display.
- the monthly-scale precipitation forecast correction method of coupling gamma and Gaussian distribution proposed in this embodiment can be implemented on the open source Python language platform.
- the read_csv function of the Python open source third-party library Pandas is used to read the precipitation forecast and observation data in the pre-stored file, and the input data to be collected in step S1 is obtained.
- the mathematical calculation process in steps S2 to S6 is programmed in the Python language platform, mainly using the third-party libraries Numpy and Scipy, and encapsulating them into class functions through class() and def(), then you can call the The class function implements precipitation forecast correction.
- the deviation value Bias and the forecast accuracy CRPSS forecast inspection index are calculated by Numpy, and then the forecast diagnosis map is drawn by the Python third-party library Matplotlib, and the improvement effect of the corrected forecast result in this embodiment is compared and analyzed.
- the precipitation forecast and observation data are converted into normal distribution through gamma distribution, which avoids complex data normalization methods, and constructs a joint normal distribution based on variables that obey standard normal distribution to represent the input data.
- the correlation between the forecast data and the observed value, and further random sampling of the observed value according to the correlation can effectively quantify the random error, solve the problem of the complexity of the system and the impact of random error on the precipitation forecast accuracy, and effectively improve the forecast accuracy.
- This example proposes a specific implementation process.
- the monthly-scale precipitation forecast correction method of coupling gamma and Gaussian distribution proposed in Example 1 is applied, and the method is implemented on the Python platform. implement.
- the forecast data of the average monthly precipitation in the basin area and the corresponding observation value of the average precipitation in the basin area are collected as input data, and stored as csv files, as shown in Tables 1 and 2 below, which are the input data of this embodiment.
- the precipitation forecast data is the accumulated precipitation with a forecast period of 30 days from January to early December.
- the original forecast data and observation data that need to be corrected are read through the read_csv function, and the data are stored in the temp_x and temp_y variables, respectively.
- the gamma distribution is fitted to the mean and observed values of the original forecast data by the stats.gamma.fit function, and the parameters of the gamma distribution function are obtained by using the maximum likelihood estimation method and stored in the para_x and para_y variables;
- the cumulative distribution function value of the original forecast data and observation data is calculated by the stats.gamma.cdf function;
- the stats.norm.ppf function is used to convert the cumulative distribution function value into a variable that obeys a normal distribution, so as to normalize the original forecast data and observation value, and separate the normalized data. It is stored in the variables trans_x and trans_y, which is convenient for subsequent modeling.
- the pyplot function in Matplotlib and the stats.proplot function in Scipy are used to draw the quantile map of precipitation observations before and after transformation to test their normality, such as Figures 2 and 3 show the precipitation observations and normal distribution quantile maps before and after transformation, respectively;
- the percentile function in Numpy is used to calculate the 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th and 90th quantiles of the original forecast and the corrected forecast, respectively, and the pyplot.
- plot function in Matplotlib is used to take the year as the x-axis and the precipitation as the y-axis.
- a time series diagram of precipitation forecast is drawn, as shown in Figures 4 and 5, which are the time series diagrams of the original forecast data and the corrected forecast of this embodiment, respectively.
- the mean and sum functions in Numpy are used to calculate the bias Bias and the prediction accuracy CRPSS of the original forecast and the corrected forecast.
- the pyplot.plot function in Matplotlib is used to take the median value of the ensemble forecast as the x-axis, and the distribution interval of the precipitation forecast is related to the observation.
- the value is the y-axis, and the forecast diagnosis diagram is drawn, and the calculation results of deviation and forecast accuracy are inserted into the diagram with pyplot.text, as shown in Figures 6 and 7, which are the original forecast diagnosis diagram and the corrected forecast diagnosis diagram of this embodiment, respectively.
- the forecast accuracy CRPSS from January to December in the original forecast is -18.28%, -24.7%, -48.46%, -32.94%, 17.17%, 6.14%, 18.25%, 4.52%, -88.80%, 31.13%, -8.08%, -3.37%.
- the bias Bias from January to December in the corrected forecast is -1.34%, -1.00%, 0.20%, -0.42%, -0.86%, -0.50%, 0.80%, 0.56%, -0.88%, respectively , 1.04%, -1.46%, -0.26%;
- the forecast accuracy CRPSS from January to December in the corrected forecast is -2.71%, 1.68%, -4.77%, 27.84%, 15.00%, 7.79%, 19.83%, 3.68%, -8.17%, 31.34%, -0.68 %, 33.41%.
- class() and def() statements in Python can be used to encapsulate each step of precipitation forecast correction into class functions, namely four functions gamma_fit, trans_norm, back_trans and conditional_distribution and the gamma_gaussian class, which are saved as .py file, you only need to call the class function through the import statement to perform the precipitation forecast correction in the basin.
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Abstract
Description
Claims (10)
- 一种耦合伽马与高斯分布的月尺度降水预报校正方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:S1:采集流域面平均月尺度降水的预报数据及其对应的流域面平均降水的观测值作为输入数据;S2:将所述输入数据通过伽马分布函数进行拟合;S3:计算每个输入数据在对应的伽马分布中的累积分布函数值;S4:将所述累积分布函数值转化为服从标准正态分布的变量;S5:根据所述服从标准正态分布的变量构建联合正态分布表征所述输入数据中预报数据与观测值的相关性;S6:根据所述相关性对观测值进行随机采样,对采集的样本进行逆转换,得到校正预报结果。
- 根据权利要求2所述的月尺度降水预报校正方法,其特征在于,所述伽马分布函数的参数α f、β f、α o、β o分别由极大似然估计法推求。
- 根据权利要求1~7任一项所述的月尺度降水预报校正方法,其特征在于, 其特征在于,所述方法还包括以下步骤:根据所述校正预报结果计算偏差值和预报精度作为预报检验指标。
- 根据权利要求8所述的月尺度降水预报校正方法,其特征在于,所述方法还包括以下步骤:根据所述校正预报结果、偏差值和预报精度,绘制预报诊断图。
- 根据权利要求9所述的月尺度降水预报校正方法,其特征在于,所述预报诊断图中,以校正预报中值作为x轴,以降水预报分布区间与观测值作为y轴,并将所述偏差值与预报精度计算结果插入在所述预报诊断图中显示。
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| US12105250B2 (en) | 2021-04-16 | 2024-10-01 | Sun Yat-Sen University | Method for calibrating daily precipitation forecast by using bernoulli-Gamma-Gaussian distribution |
| CN113095579B (zh) * | 2021-04-16 | 2023-04-18 | 中山大学 | 一种耦合伯努利-伽马-高斯分布的日尺度降水预报校正方法 |
| CN115114811B (zh) * | 2022-08-30 | 2022-11-29 | 水利部交通运输部国家能源局南京水利科学研究院 | 短时预报降水分类误差和定量误差双重订正方法及系统 |
| CN116011687B (zh) * | 2023-03-30 | 2023-08-11 | 山东锋士信息技术有限公司 | 一种基于Copula函数的洪水预报方法、系统及介质 |
| CN116643331A (zh) * | 2023-05-17 | 2023-08-25 | 昆明思永科技有限公司 | 基于区域流域的水文信息大数据进行水文预报的方法 |
| CN118050828B (zh) * | 2024-04-15 | 2024-06-25 | 江西省水利科学院(江西省大坝安全管理中心、江西省水资源管理中心) | 一种流域防洪智能优化预报方法 |
| CN119357546B (zh) * | 2024-09-30 | 2025-10-31 | 中山大学 | 一种基于分位数映射的预报降水偏差订正方法及系统 |
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