WO2022104547A1 - 电池、使用电池的装置、电池的制备方法和制备设备 - Google Patents

电池、使用电池的装置、电池的制备方法和制备设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022104547A1
WO2022104547A1 PCT/CN2020/129475 CN2020129475W WO2022104547A1 WO 2022104547 A1 WO2022104547 A1 WO 2022104547A1 CN 2020129475 W CN2020129475 W CN 2020129475W WO 2022104547 A1 WO2022104547 A1 WO 2022104547A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
battery
battery cell
thermal management
flow channel
accommodating
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2020/129475
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
徐晓富
叶永煌
金海族
梁成都
陈文伟
李全国
Original Assignee
宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Application filed by 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 filed Critical 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
Priority to PCT/CN2020/129475 priority Critical patent/WO2022104547A1/zh
Priority to EP20961838.8A priority patent/EP4064421A4/en
Priority to CN202080102114.0A priority patent/CN115699406A/zh
Publication of WO2022104547A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022104547A1/zh
Priority to US17/985,851 priority patent/US20230076751A1/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
    • H01M10/613—Cooling or keeping cold
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
    • H01M10/617—Types of temperature control for achieving uniformity or desired distribution of temperature
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/04—Construction or manufacture in general
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/62—Heating or cooling; Temperature control specially adapted for specific applications
    • H01M10/625—Vehicles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/64—Heating or cooling; Temperature control characterised by the shape of the cells
    • H01M10/647—Prismatic or flat cells, e.g. pouch cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/653—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by electrically insulating or thermally conductive materials
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/655—Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
    • H01M10/6556—Solid parts with flow channel passages or pipes for heat exchange
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/655—Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
    • H01M10/6556—Solid parts with flow channel passages or pipes for heat exchange
    • H01M10/6557—Solid parts with flow channel passages or pipes for heat exchange arranged between the cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/656—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by the type of heat-exchange fluid
    • H01M10/6567—Liquids
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/656—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by the type of heat-exchange fluid
    • H01M10/6567—Liquids
    • H01M10/6568—Liquids characterised by flow circuits, e.g. loops, located externally to the cells or cell casings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
    • H01M50/207—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape
    • H01M50/209—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape adapted for prismatic or rectangular cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/289—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by spacing elements or positioning means within frames, racks or packs
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/655—Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
    • H01M10/6554—Rods or plates
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of battery technology, and in particular, to a battery, a device using the battery, a method for preparing the battery, and a device for preparing the battery.
  • Devices such as automobiles, electric bicycles, ships, and energy storage cabinets include batteries, which provide electrical energy for the devices.
  • the battery includes a plurality of battery cells and a box body, the plurality of battery cells are arranged in sequence, and the box body is arranged around the outside of the plurality of battery cells, and forms protection for the plurality of battery cells.
  • Positive and negative electrodes are arranged on the box body, and each battery cell is connected with the positive and negative electrodes.
  • each battery cell When the battery is working, each battery cell will generate heat and cause the temperature to rise. However, when the battery cell cannot dissipate heat in time, the temperature of the battery cell is relatively high, and the battery is easily damaged by heat.
  • the embodiments of the present application provide a battery, a device using the battery, a method for preparing the battery, and a device for preparing the battery.
  • the battery cells in the battery can dissipate heat in time, and the battery is not easily damaged by heat.
  • a first aspect of the embodiments of the present application provides a battery including a battery cell, the battery cell having connected side walls and a bottom wall; and a thermal management component for containing a fluid to adjust the temperature of the battery cell , an accommodating part is provided on the thermal management part, and the accommodating part is used for accommodating the battery cell; wherein, the accommodating part is attached to the bottom wall and the side wall of the battery cell, so that the Heat exchange is achieved between the battery cells and the thermal management components.
  • the battery cells are arranged in multiples, and the plurality of battery cells include at least a first battery cell and a second battery cell arranged adjacently, and all the battery cells before heat exchange The temperature of the first battery cell is higher than the temperature of the second battery cell before the heat exchange; the accommodating part is attached to the bottom wall and the side wall of the first battery cell, and the thermal management component attached to the bottom wall of the second battery cell.
  • the thermal management component is provided with a first flow channel and a second flow channel, the first flow channel and the second flow channel are respectively used for accommodating the fluid, the first flow channel The channel and the second flow channel are isolated from each other, and the first flow channel and the second flow channel are respectively disposed opposite to the first battery cell and the second battery cell.
  • the fluid includes a first fluid and a second fluid, the first fluid circulates in the first flow channel, the second fluid circulates in the second flow channel, the The thermal conductivity of the first fluid is greater than the thermal conductivity of the second fluid.
  • the thermal management component further includes a protruding part attached to the bottom wall of the second battery cell; wherein the first flow channel is provided on the In the accommodating part, the second flow channel is arranged in the protruding part.
  • the battery further includes a support member for supporting the battery cell, and the support member is connected with the thermal management component.
  • the thermal management component is provided with an accommodating groove, and the accommodating groove is used for accommodating the support member.
  • the battery includes a plurality of battery cells and a thermal management component, and the thermal management component is used to adjust the temperature of each battery cell through a fluid.
  • the thermal management component is provided with an accommodating portion, and a part of the battery cell extends into and is supported in the accommodating portion, so that the battery cell can conduct heat exchange with the side wall and the bottom wall of the accommodating portion at the same time, and the battery cell and the heat
  • the heat exchange area between the management components is large, and the battery cells can dissipate heat in time to avoid heat damage to the battery.
  • a second aspect of the embodiments of the present application provides a device using a battery, which includes the battery described in the first aspect above, and the battery provides electrical energy for the device.
  • a third aspect of the embodiments of the present application provides a method for preparing a battery for preparing the battery described in the first aspect, which includes: providing a battery cell, the battery cell having a connected bottom wall and a side wall; providing a thermal management part, and forming a receiving part on the thermal management part; assembling the battery cell and the thermal management part so that the receiving part is attached to the bottom wall and the side wall of the battery cell, so as to realize heat exchange between the battery cells and the thermal management components.
  • a fourth aspect of the embodiments of the present application provides a battery preparation device for preparing the battery described in the first aspect, which includes: a battery cell preparation module for preparing the battery cell; a thermal management component preparation a module for preparing the thermal management part and forming a receiving part on the thermal management part; an assembling module for assembling the battery cell in the receiving part of the thermal management part.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a device using a battery provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram 1 of the battery disclosed in the embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 3 is the exploded structure schematic diagram of Fig. 2;
  • Fig. 4 is the structural schematic diagram of the battery cell in Fig. 3;
  • FIG. 5 is a second structural schematic diagram of the battery disclosed in the embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 6 is a third structural schematic diagram of the battery disclosed in the embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery cell and a thermal management component disclosed in an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 8 is the side view structure schematic diagram of Fig. 7;
  • FIG. 9 is a first structural schematic diagram of a thermal management component disclosed in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 10 is a second structural schematic diagram of the thermal management component disclosed in the embodiment of the present application.
  • thermal management part 21: accommodating part; 22: first runner; 23: second runner; 24: protrusion; 25: accommodating groove;
  • the battery cells exchange heat with thermal management components, so as to adjust the temperature of the battery cells.
  • the heat exchange between the battery cells and the thermal management components is only carried out through the bottom wall of the battery cells.
  • the heat exchange area between the battery cells and the thermal management components is small, and the battery cells cannot dissipate heat in time, which may easily cause the battery to be heated. damage.
  • a accommodating part is provided on the thermal management component, so that part of the battery cells or the whole battery cell extends into the accommodating part, so that the bottom of the battery cell passes between the battery cell and the thermal management component.
  • the wall and at least a part of the side wall conduct heat exchange, the heat exchange area between the battery cell and the thermal management component is large, and the heat exchange effect is better, the battery cell can be dissipated and cooled in time, and the battery can be prevented from being damaged by heat.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a device using a battery provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a device using a battery.
  • the device may be a mobile device such as a vehicle, a ship, or a small aircraft, or a non-mobile device that can provide electrical energy, such as an energy storage cabinet.
  • a vehicle as an example, it may be a new energy vehicle, and the new energy vehicle may be a pure electric vehicle, a hybrid vehicle or an extended-range vehicle, or the like.
  • the vehicle 50 may include a driving mechanism 51 , a control mechanism 52 , and a battery 1 .
  • the control mechanism 52 is electrically connected to the driving mechanism 51 for controlling the driving mechanism 51 to start and stop as required, so as to drive the vehicle 50 to walk or park.
  • the battery 1 is electrically connected to the control mechanism 52 for providing power to the control mechanism 52 .
  • the power-consuming components in the vehicle 50 may also include audio and the like.
  • FIG. 2 is a first structural schematic diagram of the battery disclosed in the embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the explosion structure of Fig. 2 .
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the battery cell in FIG. 3 .
  • FIG. 5 is a second structural schematic diagram of the battery disclosed in the embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 6 is a third structural schematic diagram of the battery disclosed in the embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery cell and a thermal management component disclosed in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic side view of the structure of FIG. 7 .
  • FIG. 9 is a first structural schematic diagram of a thermal management component disclosed in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 10 is a second structural schematic diagram of the thermal management component disclosed in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the battery 1 includes a battery cell 10 having a side wall 11 and a bottom wall 12 connected together; a thermal management component 20 for containing fluid to To adjust the temperature of the battery cells 10 , the thermal management component 20 is provided with an accommodating part 21 for accommodating the battery cells 10 ; wherein the accommodating parts 21 are attached to the bottom wall 12 and the side wall 11 of the battery cells 10 , so as to realize heat exchange between the battery cells 10 and the thermal management components 20 .
  • the structure of the battery cell 10 may be a structure well known to those skilled in the art.
  • the battery cells 10 in the present application may include lithium-ion secondary batteries, lithium-ion primary batteries, lithium-sulfur batteries, sodium-lithium-ion batteries, sodium-ion batteries, or magnesium-ion batteries, etc., and the comparison of the embodiments of the present application is not limited.
  • the battery cell 10 may be in the form of a cylinder, a flat body, a rectangular parallelepiped, or other shapes, which are not limited in the embodiments of the present application.
  • the battery cells 10 are generally divided into three types according to the packaging method: cylindrical battery cells, square battery cells and soft-pack battery cells, and the comparison of the embodiments of the present application is not limited.
  • the battery cell 10 generally includes an electrode assembly 13 and an electrolyte (not shown).
  • the electrode assembly 13 is composed of a positive pole piece, a negative pole piece, and a separator arranged between the positive pole piece and the negative pole piece. It works by moving metal ions between the positive pole piece and the negative pole piece.
  • the positive electrode sheet includes a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode active material layer, the positive electrode active material layer is coated on the surface of the positive electrode current collector, and the current collector without the positive electrode active material layer protrudes from the current collector coated with the positive electrode active material layer, The current collector not coated with the positive electrode active material layer serves as the positive electrode tab 131 .
  • the material of the positive electrode current collector can be aluminum, and the positive electrode active material can be lithium cobalt oxide, lithium iron phosphate, ternary lithium, or lithium manganate.
  • the negative pole piece includes a negative electrode current collector and a negative electrode active material layer, the negative electrode active material layer is coated on the surface of the negative electrode current collector, and the current collector without the negative electrode active material layer is protruded from the current collector that has been coated with the negative electrode active material layer, The current collector not coated with the negative electrode active material layer serves as the negative electrode tab 132 .
  • the material of the negative electrode current collector can be copper, and the negative electrode active material can be carbon or silicon.
  • the number of positive tabs 131 is multiple and stacked together, and the number of negative tabs 132 is multiple and stacked together.
  • the material of the diaphragm can be polypropylene (referred to as PP for short) or polyethylene (referred to as PE for short).
  • the electrode assembly 13 may be a wound structure or a laminated structure, and the number of the electrode assembly 13 may be one or more, which is not specifically limited in this embodiment of the present application.
  • the battery cell 10 further includes a casing 16, in which the electrode assembly 13 and the electrolyte are encapsulated.
  • the casing 16 may be a hollow cuboid, a cube or a cylinder, and the material of the casing 16 may be aluminum or steel and other materials. Alloy, it can also be plastic material or aluminum plastic film.
  • the housing 16 is also provided with a positive electrode terminal 14 and a negative electrode terminal 15, the positive electrode tab 131 is electrically connected to the positive electrode terminal 14, and the negative electrode tab 132 is electrically connected to the negative electrode terminal 15 to output electrical energy.
  • the battery 1 further includes a thermal management part 20 , and the thermal management part 20 is used for accommodating a fluid to adjust the temperature of the battery cells 10 . Adjusting the temperature may include heating or cooling the battery cells 10 .
  • the thermal management component 20 is used to accommodate the cooling fluid to reduce the temperature of the battery cells 10 .
  • the thermal management component 20 may also be referred to as a cooling component or a cooling system. Or cooling plate, etc., the fluid contained in it can also be called cooling medium or cooling fluid, wherein the cooling medium can be designed to be circulated to achieve better temperature regulation effect.
  • the thermal management component 20 can also be used for heating to heat up the battery cells 10 .
  • heating the battery cells 10 can improve the performance of the battery cells 10 before starting the electric vehicle in some areas with colder temperatures in winter.
  • the thermal management components 20 are generally attached to the battery cells 10 by means such as thermally conductive silicone.
  • the interior of the thermal management component 20 is hollow to form a flow channel for fluid communication.
  • the flow channel may be a serpentine flow channel, a parallel flow channel or other flow channel structures well known to those skilled in the art. In this way, the length of the flow channel is long, and the fluid can sufficiently exchange heat with each battery cell 10 during the flow of the flow channel.
  • the fluid may be a gas or a liquid, and illustratively, the fluid may be water, air, or the like.
  • the thermal management component 20 exchanges heat with the battery cells 10 , and the thermal management component 20 can be made of a material that is easily thermally conductive, such as iron, aluminum, and the like. In this way, the heat generated by the battery cells 10 can be transferred to the fluid in the thermal management components 20 through the thermal management component 20 in time, the temperature of the fluid increases, and the temperature of the battery cells 10 decreases, thereby cooling the battery cells 10 .
  • the thermal management component 20 can be a plate-shaped structural member, and is attached to a part of the outer wall surface of the battery cell 10 .
  • the thermal management component 20 may be attached to any outer wall surface of the battery cell 10 , for example, the bottom wall 12 of the battery cell 10 exchanges heat with the thermal management component 20 .
  • the thermal management component 20 is provided with an accommodating portion 21 , and the accommodating portion 21 is formed by the thermal management component 20 being recessed in a direction away from the battery cells 10 .
  • the battery cells 10 can be protruded and supported in the accommodating portion 21 .
  • a part of the outer wall surface of the battery cell 10 and the inner wall surface of the accommodating portion 21 undergo heat exchange.
  • the bottom wall 12 and part of the side wall 11 of the battery cell 10 can conduct heat exchange with the inner wall surface of the accommodating part 21 at the same time, the heat exchange area between the battery cell 10 and the accommodating part 21 is increased, and the battery cell The heat dissipation effect of 10 is better, and the battery 1 is prevented from being damaged by heat.
  • a plurality of battery cells 10 are provided, and the plurality of battery cells 10 include at least a first battery cell 101 and a second battery cell 102 arranged adjacently, and the first battery cell 102 before heat exchange The temperature of one battery cell 101 is higher than the temperature of the second battery cell 102 before the heat exchange; the accommodating part 21 is attached to the bottom wall and the side wall of the first battery cell 101 , and the thermal management part 20 is attached to the second battery cell 101 . on the bottom wall of the battery cell 102 .
  • a plurality of battery cells 10 are arranged side by side, and the plurality of battery cells 10 are connected in a preset series-parallel manner through a bus component (not shown). Export and power the device.
  • the plurality of battery cells 10 may be divided into multiple groups, and each group of battery cells 10 is individually packaged to form a battery module, and the plurality of battery modules are packaged again to form the aforementioned battery 1 . At this time, each battery module may be provided with one thermal management component 20 respectively.
  • a plurality of battery cells 10 may also be directly packaged to form the above-mentioned battery 1 . This embodiment does not limit the packaged shape and packaged size of the battery 1 , as long as the battery 1 can fit into the space reserved for the battery 1 by the vehicle.
  • the protective box 40 may include six side plates 41 , and the six side plates 41 are connected and surround the outer side of the plurality of battery cells 10 .
  • the material of the protective box 40 may be metal, plastic, or the like.
  • the thermal management component 20 when the thermal management component 20 is in a plate shape and is attached to a plurality of battery cells 10 , the thermal management component 20 may constitute one of the side plates 41 of the protective case 40 , for example, as shown in FIGS. 6 to 10 .
  • the thermal management member 20 constitutes the side plate 41 of the bottom end in the height direction of the protective case 40 , and at this time, the thermal management member 20 forms a support for the plurality of battery cells 10 .
  • the plurality of battery cells 10 include at least a first battery cell 101 and a second battery cell 102 which are arranged adjacently.
  • This embodiment does not limit the number of the first battery cell 101 and the second battery cell 102 , for example, the number of the first battery cell 101 is one, and the number of the second battery cell 102 is one.
  • the number of the first battery cells 101 is one, and the number of the second battery cells 102 is plural.
  • the numbers of the first battery cells 101 and the second battery cells 102 may also be multiple.
  • the first battery cells 101 and the second battery cells 102 are composed of n first battery cells 101 and m second battery cells.
  • the arrangement of the monomers 102 is alternately arranged, wherein n ⁇ 1, m ⁇ 1, and both n and m are integers.
  • the arrangement may be three first battery cells 101 , two second battery cells 102 , and four first battery cells 101 arranged in sequence.
  • the first battery cell 101 and the second battery cell 102 may be arranged adjacent to each other in sequence, that is, both sides of the first battery cell 101 are arranged adjacent to the second battery cell 102, and the second battery cell 102 is arranged adjacent to each other. Both sides of the body 102 are disposed adjacent to the first battery cell 101 .
  • the first battery cell 101 and the second battery cell 102 may be the same battery cell, or may be different battery cells.
  • the "same” mentioned here means that the first battery cell 101 and the second battery cell 102 are basically the same in terms of chemical system, shape, size, volume, mass, energy density, etc., and the “different” mentioned here It means that at least one of the first battery cell 101 and the second battery cell 102 is significantly different in chemical system, shape, size, volume, mass, energy density and the like.
  • the first battery cell 101 may be a ternary lithium battery cell, for example, a lithium nickel cobalt manganate (LiNiMnCoO 2 , NCM) battery cell or a lithium nickel cobalt aluminate (LiNiCoAlO 2 ) battery cell. , NCA) battery cells
  • the second battery cells 102 may be lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO 4 , LFP) battery cells or lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO 2 ) battery cells.
  • the heat generation of each battery cell 10 can be considered to be approximately the same, and the heat dissipation rate of the battery cells 10 located on the inner side is lower than that of the battery cells 10 located on the outer side.
  • different types of battery cells 10 generate different amounts of heat, and the heat dissipation rate of the inner battery cells 10 is lower than that of the outer battery cells 10 . That is, before the heat exchange with the thermal management member 20 occurs, the temperature difference between the battery cells 10 is large, and the battery 1 is easily damaged.
  • the temperature difference can make the first battery cell 101 protrude into and be supported in the accommodating part 21, so that the bottom wall and part of the side wall of the first battery cell 101 and the inner wall surface of the accommodating part 21 conduct heat exchange, and the first battery
  • the heat exchange area between the cell 101 and the thermal management part 20 is larger, and the heat exchange rate is larger.
  • the second battery cell 102 is directly supported on the thermal management component 20 , and only the bottom wall of the second battery cell 102 exchanges heat with the thermal management component 20 , the heat exchange area is small, and the heat exchange rate is small.
  • the heat dissipation rate of the first battery cell 101 is greater than the heat dissipation rate of the second battery cell 102, so that the temperature difference between the first battery cell 101 and the second battery cell 102 after heat exchange is small, that is, each battery
  • the temperature of the cells 10 is relatively uniform, which avoids overheating or overcooling of a certain battery cell 10 , and avoids damage to the battery 1 , which is beneficial to improve the consistency of battery performance and service life.
  • the bottom wall of the first battery cell 101 exchanges heat with the bottom wall surface of the accommodating portion 21
  • the side wall of the first battery cell 101 exchanges heat with the side wall surface of the accommodating portion 21
  • the inner wall surface of the accommodating portion 21 exchanges heat.
  • a limit for the bottom end of the first battery cell 101 is formed. Even if the first battery cell 101 is pressed by the adjacent battery cells 10 , for example, the second battery cell 102 is displaced and pressed against the first battery cell 101 , at this time, only the first battery cell 101 is compressed.
  • the part of the battery cell 101 protruding from the accommodating part 21 will be offset, and the part of the first battery cell 101 located in the accommodating part 21 is still clamped with the accommodating part 21 , that is, the fastening of the first battery cell 101 The effect is better.
  • the battery 1 as a whole has better stability.
  • one or more accommodating parts 21 may be provided on the thermal management component 20 .
  • the recess depth of each accommodating portion 21 may be the same or different.
  • the more heat to be exchanged by the first battery cell 101 the greater the recessed depth of the accommodating portion 21 can be, and the recessed depth of the accommodating portion 21 can be set according to different heat exchange requirements of the first battery cell 101 .
  • each accommodating portion 21 can accommodate one first battery cell 101 individually. In this way, the bottom wall and the side wall of each first battery cell 101 can conduct heat exchange with the inner wall surface of the accommodating portion 21 , and the heat dissipation effect of the first battery cell 101 is better.
  • the thermal management component 20 is provided with a first flow channel 22 and a second flow channel 23, and the first flow channel 22 and the second flow channel 23 are respectively used for containing fluid, the first flow channel 22 and the second flow channel 23 are isolated from each other, and the first flow channel 22 and the second flow channel 23 are respectively connected with the first battery cell 101 and the second battery cell 102 Relative settings.
  • the fluid circulates in the first flow channel 22 and the second flow channel 23 respectively.
  • the fluid circulating in the first flow channel 22 will not exchange heat with the second battery cell 102, but will only concentrate with the second battery cell 102.
  • the first battery cell 101 performs heat exchange; the fluid circulating in the second flow channel 23 does not perform heat exchange with the first battery cell 101 , but only concentrates on heat exchange with the second battery cell 102 . In this way, the heat exchange efficiency between the fluid and each battery cell 10 is high, and the temperature adjustment effect of the battery cell 10 is good.
  • the length of the first flow channel 22 and the second flow channel 23 in this embodiment is different from the embodiment in which the plurality of battery cells 10 correspond to one flow channel at the same time.
  • the fluid after heat exchange can be discharged in time, so as to avoid excessive heat absorption of the fluid due to the long flow channel, resulting in insufficient heat exchange of some battery cells 10 located at one end of the flow channel outlet.
  • the fluid includes a first fluid and a second fluid, the first fluid circulates in the first flow channel 22, and the second fluid circulates in the second flow channel 23 In internal circulation, the thermal conductivity of the first fluid is greater than that of the second fluid.
  • the first fluid with larger thermal conductivity corresponds to the first battery cell 101 which generates more heat or dissipates slowly, and flows in the first flow channel 22, and the heat between the first fluid and the first battery cell 101 The speed of exchange is faster and the amount of heat exchange is greater.
  • the second fluid with smaller thermal conductivity corresponds to the second battery cell 102 that generates less heat or dissipates heat faster, and flows in the second flow channel 23 , and the heat exchange between the second fluid and the second battery cell 102 less amount.
  • different fluids are used for different battery cells 10 , which can not only make the temperature between the battery cells 10 more uniform, but also reduce the cost.
  • the thermal management component 20 further includes a protruding portion 24 , and the protruding portion 24 is attached to the bottom wall 12 of the second battery cell 102 ; wherein the first flow channel 22 is provided in the receiving portion 21 . , the second flow channel 23 is arranged in the protruding portion 24 .
  • the protruding portion 24 may be bonded and fixed with the thermal management component 20 or integrally formed.
  • the protruding portion 24 can be integrally formed with the thermal management component 20
  • the thermal management component 20 can be a concave-convex plate-like structure
  • the protruding portion 24 and the thermal management component 20 together form a concave-convex supporting surface, and the thermal management component 20 is stronger.
  • the protrusions 24 may be detachably connected to the thermal management component 20 .
  • the thermal management component 20 is provided with a plug slot, and the protruding portion 24 is connected to the thermal management component 20 by plugging.
  • the portion of the thermal management member 20 where the protruding portion 24 is not provided forms the accommodating portion 21 .
  • the bottom wall 12 of the first battery cell 101 exchanges heat with the thermal management member 20 , and the side wall 11 of the first battery cell 101 and the side of the protruding portion 24 exchange heat.
  • the wall surface performs heat exchange, so that the first battery cell 101 can exchange heat with the fluid in the first flow channel 22 and the fluid in the second flow channel 23 at the same time, and the heat exchange efficiency is high.
  • the second battery cell 102 is supported on the protruding portion 24 , and the second battery cell 102 exchanges heat with the fluid in the second flow channel 23 .
  • the temperature of the first battery cell 101 and the second battery cell 102 can be adjusted to be within the preset temperature range, and the temperature difference between the first battery cell 101 and the second battery cell 102 is small, so as to avoid a certain temperature difference.
  • the overheating of the battery cells 10 causes the overheating and damage of the battery 1 .
  • the battery 1 further includes a support member 30 for supporting the battery cells 10 , and the support member 30 is connected with the thermal management component 20 .
  • the support member 30 may be an elastic member, and the support member 30 may be disposed between the battery cells 10 and the thermal management member 20 , inside the thermal management member 20 , or at the bottom of the thermal management member 20 . In this way, the shock absorption and shock resistance of the battery cell 10 and the battery 1 can be improved.
  • the elastic member may be a spring, elastic rubber, etc., which is not limited in this embodiment.
  • each battery cell 10 may be provided with a corresponding support member 30 to buffer and dampen each battery cell 10 respectively.
  • the thermal management component 20 is provided with an accommodating groove 25 , and the accommodating groove 25 is used for accommodating the support member 30 .
  • the support member 30 can be elastically deformed in the accommodating groove 25 .
  • the accommodating groove 25 can play a guiding role, so as to prevent the supporting member 30 from being skewed during the deformation process, resulting in skewing of the battery cell 10 .
  • the number of the accommodating grooves 25 may be less than the number of the battery cells 10 , so as to avoid excessively reducing the strength of the thermal management component 20 by the accommodating grooves 25 .
  • the thermal management component 20 has a concave-convex plate-like structure.
  • the recessed portion of the thermal management component 20 facing away from the battery cells 10 may form an accommodating groove 25, and the support member 30 may be supported or filled in the accommodating groove 25, and form a protection for the battery 1, so as to alleviate the damage to the battery 1. External shock shock.
  • the accommodating groove 25 may also be a structure arranged around the inside of the thermal management component 20 to close the openings at both ends, which is not limited in this embodiment.
  • the embodiment of the present application also provides a method for preparing a battery 1, which is used for preparing the above-mentioned battery 1, which includes:
  • the battery cell 10 has a bottom wall 12 and a side wall 11 connected together.
  • the battery cell 10 and the thermal management component 20 assemble the battery cell 10 and the thermal management component 20 .
  • the bottom ends of the first battery cells 101 in the height direction are inserted into the accommodating parts 21 , and the bottom ends of the second battery cells 102 in the height direction are directly supported on the thermal management component 20 .
  • the accommodating part 21 is attached to the bottom wall 12 and the side wall 11 of the battery cell 10 , and the heat exchange area between the first battery cell 101 and the thermal management part 20 is compared with that of the second battery cell 102 and the thermal management part 20 .
  • the heat exchange area between the components 20 is large, so that the temperature difference between the first battery cell 101 and the second battery cell 102 after heat exchange is small, and the temperature of each battery cell 10 is relatively uniform, preventing the battery 1 from overheating or Overcooling damage.
  • the embodiment of the present application also provides a preparation device for a battery 1, which is used for preparing the above-mentioned battery 1, which includes: a battery cell preparation module for preparing the battery cell 10; a thermal management component preparation module for preparing the thermal management component 20 , and an accommodating portion 21 is formed on the thermal management component 20 ; an assembly module is used for assembling the battery cells 10 in the accommodating portion 21 of the thermal management component 20 .
  • the battery cell preparation module, the thermal management component preparation module, and the assembly module may be independent of each other, or may be components of the preparation equipment, which are not limited in this embodiment.
  • the battery cell 10 and the thermal management component 20 are prepared through the battery cell preparation module and the thermal management component preparation module, and the accommodating portion 21 is formed on the thermal management component 20 .
  • the assembly module can attach the battery cells 10 to the thermal management part 20. At this time, part of the battery cells 10 protrude into the accommodating part 21, and part of the battery cells 10 are directly supported on the thermal management part 20, so that the two parts of the battery The heat exchange areas of the cells 10 and the thermal management components 20 are different, so that the temperature of each battery cell 10 is relatively uniform, and the battery 1 is prevented from being damaged by overheating or overcooling.

Abstract

一种电池（1）、使用电池（1）的装置、电池（1）的制备方法和制备设备，该电池（1）包括电池单体（10），所述电池单体（10）具有相连的侧壁（11）和底壁（12）；热管理部件（20），用于容纳流体以给所述电池单体（10）调节温度，所述热管理部件（20）上设有容纳部（21），所述容纳部（21）用于容纳所述电池单体（10）；其中，所述容纳部（21）附接于所述电池单体（10）的底壁（12）和侧壁（11），以使所述电池单体（10）与所述热管理部件（20）之间实现热交换。该电池（1）中的电池单体（10）可以及时散热，电池（1）不易受热损坏。

Description

电池、使用电池的装置、电池的制备方法和制备设备 技术领域
本申请涉及电池技术领域，特别是涉及一种电池、使用电池的装置、电池的制备方法和制备设备。
背景技术
汽车、电动自行车、船舶、储能电柜等装置包括电池，电池为装置提供电能。
电池包括多个电池单体和箱体，多个电池单体依次排列，箱体围设在多个电池单体的外侧，并对多个电池单体形成防护。箱体上设有正负极，每个电池单体均与正负极连接。电池工作时，电池单体内部的活性物质与电解液发生化学反应并为负载提供电能。
电池工作时，各个电池单体会产热导致温度升高。然而，当电池单体不能及时散热时，电池单体的温度较高，电池容易受热损坏。
发明内容
鉴于上述问题，本申请实施例提供一种电池、使用电池的装置、电池的制备方法和制备设备，该电池中电池单体可以及时散热，电池不易受热损坏。
为了实现上述目的，本申请实施例提供如下技术方案：
本申请实施例的第一方面提供一种电池，其包括电池单体，所述电池单体具有相连的侧壁和底壁；热管理部件，用于容纳流体以给所述电池 单体调节温度，所述热管理部件上设有容纳部，所述容纳部用于容纳所述电池单体；其中，所述容纳部附接于所述电池单体的底壁和侧壁，以使所述电池单体与所述热管理部件之间实现热交换。
在一些可选的实施方式中，所述电池单体设置为多个，多个所述电池单体至少包括相邻设置的第一电池单体和第二电池单体，且热交换前的所述第一电池单体的温度大于热交换前的所述第二电池单体的温度；所述容纳部附接于所述第一电池单体的底壁和侧壁上，所述热管理部件附接于所述第二电池单体的底壁上。
在一些可选的实施方式中，所述热管理部件上设有第一流道和第二流道，所述第一流道和所述第二流道分别用于容纳所述流体，所述第一流道和所述第二流道相互隔离，所述第一流道和所述第二流道分别与所述第一电池单体和所述第二电池单体相对设置。
在一些可选的实施方式中，所述流体包括第一流体和第二流体，所述第一流体在所述第一流道内流通，所述第二流体在所述第二流道内流通，所述第一流体的导热系数大于所述第二流体的导热系数。
在一些可选的实施方式中，所述热管理部件还包括凸出部，所述凸出部附接于所述第二电池单体的底壁；其中，所述第一流道设置于所述容纳部内，所述第二流道设置于所述凸出部内。
在一些可选的实施方式中，所述电池还包括支撑件，所述支撑件用于支撑所述电池单体，所述支撑件与所述热管理部件连接。
在一些可选的实施方式中，所述热管理部件上设有容置槽，所述容置槽用于容置所述支撑件。
与相关技术相比，本申请实施例提供的电池具有如下优点：电池包括多个电池单体和热管理部件，热管理部件用于通过流体调节各个电池单体的温度。其中，热管理部件上设有容纳部，电池单体的一部分伸入并支 撑在容纳部内，这样，电池单体可以同时与容纳部的侧壁和底壁进行热交换，电池单体的与热管理部件之间的换热面积较大，电池单体可以及时散热，避免电池受热损坏。
本申请实施例的第二方面提供一种使用电池的装置，其包括上述第一方面所述的电池，所述电池为所述装置提供电能。
本申请实施例的第三方面提供一种电池的制备方法，用于制备上述第一方面所述的电池，其包括：提供电池单体，所述电池单体具有相连的底壁和侧壁；提供热管理部件，并在所述热管理部件上形成容纳部；组装所述电池单体和所述热管理部件，使所述容纳部附接于所述电池单体的底壁和侧壁，以使所述电池单体与所述热管理部件之间实现热交换。
本申请实施例的第四方面提供一种电池的制备设备，用于制备上述第一方面所述的电池，其包括：电池单体制备模块，用于制备所述电池单体；热管理部件制备模块，用于制备所述热管理部件，并在所述热管理部件上形成容纳部；装配模块，用于将所述电池单体装配在所述热管理部件的所述容纳部内。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例的技术方案，下面将对本申请实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面所描述的附图仅仅是本申请的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据附图获得其他的附图。
图1是本申请实施例提供的使用电池的装置的结构示意图；
图2是本申请实施例公开的电池的结构示意图一；
图3是图2的爆炸结构示意图；
图4是图3中电池单体的结构示意图；
图5是本申请实施例公开的电池的结构示意图二；
图6是本申请实施例公开的电池的结构示意图三；
图7是本申请实施例公开的电池单体与热管理部件的结构示意图；
图8是图7的侧视结构示意图；
图9是本申请实施例公开的热管理部件的结构示意图一；
图10是本申请实施例公开的热管理部件的结构示意图二；
在附图中，附图并未按照实际的比例绘制。
标记说明：
1：电池；
10、电池单体；11：侧壁；12：底壁；101：第一电池单体；102：第二电池单体；13：电极组件；131：正极极耳；132：负极极耳；14：正电极端子；15：负电极端子；16：壳体；
20：热管理部件；21：容纳部；22：第一流道；23：第二流道；24：凸出部；25：容置槽；
30：支撑件；
40：防护箱；41：侧板；
50：车辆；51：驱动机构；52：控制机构。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例对本申请的实施方式作进一步详细描述。以下实施例的详细描述和附图用于示例性地说明本申请的原理，但不能用来限制本申请的范围，即本申请不限于所描述的实施例。
在本申请的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有说明，“多个”的含义是两个以上；术语“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”、“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系仅是为了便于描述本申请和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解 为对本申请的限制。此外，术语“第一”、“第二”、“第三”等仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性。“垂直”并不是严格意义上的垂直，而是在误差允许范围之内。“平行”并不是严格意义上的平行，而是在误差允许范围之内。
下述描述中出现的方位词均为图中示出的方向，并不是对本申请的具体结构进行限定。在本申请的描述中，还需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”、“附接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可视具体情况理解上述术语在本申请中的具体含义。
现有技术中，电池单体与热管理部件进行热交换，从而调节电池单体的温度。然而，电池单体与热管理部件之间仅通过电池单体的底壁进行热交换，电池单体与热管理部件之间的热交换面积较小，电池单体不能及时散热，容易导致电池受热损坏。
有鉴于此，本申请实施例通过在热管理部件上设置容纳部，使得部分电池单体或者电池单体整体伸入容纳部内，这样，电池单体与热管理部件之间通过电池单体的底壁和至少部分侧壁进行热交换，电池单体与热管理部件之间的热交换面积较大，换热效果较好，电池单体可以及时散热冷却，避免电池受热损坏。
图1是本申请实施例提供的使用电池的装置的结构示意图。请参阅图1，本申请实施例提供一种使用电池的装置。其中，装置可以为车辆、船舶、小型飞机等移动设备，也可以是储能电柜等能够提供电能的非移动设备。以车辆为例，其可以为新能源汽车，该新能源汽车可以为纯电动汽车，也可以为混合动力汽车或增程式汽车等。车辆50可以包括驱动机构51、控制机构52以及电池1，控制机构52与驱动机构51电连接，用于根据需要控制驱动机构51启停，以实现带动车辆50行走或驻车。电池1与控制机构52电连接，用于为控制机构52提供电能。其中，车辆50中的耗电组件还可以包括音响等。
图2是本申请实施例公开的电池的结构示意图一。图3是图2的爆 炸结构示意图。图4是图3中电池单体的结构示意图。图5是本申请实施例公开的电池的结构示意图二。图6是本申请实施例公开的电池的结构示意图三。图7是本申请实施例公开的电池单体与热管理部件的结构示意图。图8是图7的侧视结构示意图。图9是本申请实施例公开的热管理部件的结构示意图一。图10是本申请实施例公开的热管理部件的结构示意图二。
请参阅图2至图10，在一些可选的实施方式中，电池1包括电池单体10，电池单体10具有相连的侧壁11和底壁12；热管理部件20，用于容纳流体以给电池单体10调节温度，热管理部件20上设有容纳部21，容纳部21用于容纳电池单体10；其中，容纳部21附接于电池单体10的底壁12和侧壁11，以使电池单体10与热管理部件20之间实现热交换。
具体的，请参阅图4，电池单体10的结构可以为本领域技术人员熟知的结构。本申请中的电池单体10可以包括锂离子二次电池、锂离子一次电池、锂硫电池、钠锂离子电池、钠离子电池或镁离子电池等，本申请实施例对比并不限定。电池单体10可呈圆柱体、扁平体、长方体或其他形状等，本申请实施例对此也不限定。电池单体10一般按封装的方式分成三种：柱形电池单体、方形电池单体和软包电池单体，本申请实施例对比也不限定。
电池单体10通常包括电极组件13和电解液(未示出)，电极组件13由正极极片、负极极片、设置在正极极片和负极极片之间的隔膜组成，电池单体10主要依靠金属离子在正极极片和负极极片之间移动来工作。正极极片包括正极集流体和正极活性物质层，正极活性物质层涂覆于正极集流体的表面，未涂敷正极活性物质层的集流体凸出于已涂覆正极活性物质层的集流体，未涂敷正极活性物质层的集流体作为正极极耳131。以锂离子电池为例，正极集流体的材料可以为铝，正极活性物质可以为钴酸锂、磷酸铁锂、三元锂或锰酸锂等。负极极片包括负极集流体和负极活性物质层，负极活性物质层涂覆于负极集流体的表面，未涂敷负极活性物质层的集流体凸出于已涂覆负极活性物质层的集流体，未涂敷负极活性物质层的集流体作为负极极耳132。负极集流体的材料可以为铜，负极活性物 质可以为碳或硅等。为了保证通过大电流而不发生熔断，正极极耳131的数量为多个且层叠在一起，负极极耳132的数量为多个且层叠在一起。隔膜的材质可以为聚丙烯(简称为PP)或聚乙烯(简称为PE)等。此外，电极组件13可以是卷绕式结构，也可以是叠片式结构，电极组件13的数量可以为一个或多个，本申请实施例对此不做具体限制。
电池单体10还包括壳体16，电极组件13和电解液均封装在壳体16内，壳体16可以为中空的长方体、正方体或圆柱体，壳体16的材质可以为铝或钢及其合金，也可以是塑料材质或者铝塑膜。壳体16上还设置有正电极端子14和负电极端子15，正极极耳131与正电极端子14电连接，负极极耳132与负电极端子15电连接，以输出电能。
请参阅图3、图5至图10，电池1还包括热管理部件20，热管理部件20用于容纳流体以给电池单体10调节温度。调节温度可以包括给电池单体10加热或者冷却。例如，在给电池单体10冷却或降温的情况下，该热管理部件20用于容纳冷却流体以给电池单体10降低温度，此时，热管理部件20也可以称为冷却部件、冷却系统或冷却板等，其容纳的流体也可以称为冷却介质或冷却流体，其中冷却介质可以被设计成是循环流动的，以达到更好的温度调节的效果。另外，热管理部件20也可以用于加热以给电池单体10升温，例如，在一些冬天气温较寒冷的地区启动电动车辆之前，对电池单体10进行加热能够提高电池单体10的性能。为了实现调节温度的有效性，热管理部件20一般都通过诸如导热硅胶等方式而附接至电池单体10。在一些可选的实施例中，热管理部件20的内部中空，以形成供流体流通的流道。其中，流道可以为蛇形流道、平行流道或其他本领域技术人员熟知的流道结构。这样，流道的长度较长，流体在流道流通过程中可以与各个电池单体10之间充分的进行热交换。流体可以为气体或液体，示例性的，流体可以为水、空气等。
热管理部件20与电池单体10进行热交换，热管理部件20可以为易导热材质件，例如铁、铝等。这样，电池单体10产生的热量可以及时通过热管理部件20传递给热管理部件20内的流体，流体温度升高，电池单体10的温度降低，实现为电池单体10降温。
其中，为优化散热效果，热管理部件20可以为板状结构件，并附接在电池单体10的部分外壁面上。热管理部件20可以附接在电池单体10的任意一个外壁面上，例如，电池单体10的底壁12与热管理部件20进行热交换。
在一些可选的实施方式中，热管理部件20上设有容纳部21，容纳部21是由热管理部件20沿远离电池单体10的方向凹陷形成。这样，电池单体10可以伸入支撑在容纳部21内。此时，电池单体10的部分外壁面与容纳部21的内壁面进行热交换。示例性的，电池单体10的底壁12以及部分侧壁11可以同时与容纳部21的内壁面进行热交换，电池单体10与容纳部21之间的热交换面积增大，电池单体10的散热效果较好，避免了电池1受热损坏。
在一些可选的实施方式中，电池单体10设置为多个，多个电池单体10至少包括相邻设置的第一电池单体101和第二电池单体102，且热交换前的第一电池单体101的温度大于热交换前的第二电池单体102的温度；容纳部21附接于第一电池单体101的底壁和侧壁上，热管理部件20附接于第二电池单体102的底壁上。
具体的，多个电池单体10并排设置，多个电池单体10通过汇流部件(未示出)以预设的串并联方式连接，这样，能够通过汇流部件将各个电池单体10形成的电流导出并为装置供电。
其中，多个电池单体10可以分为多组，且每组电池单体10分别封装形成电池模组，多个电池模组再次封装形成上述电池1。此时，每个电池模组可以分别设置一个热管理部件20。可选的，多个电池单体10也可以直接封装并形成上述电池1。本实施例不对电池1的封装后的形状以及封装后的尺寸进行限制，只要电池1能够适应车辆为电池1预留的空间即可。
如图3所示，以电池单体10为方形电池单体为例，多个方形电池单体可以直接通过防护箱40封装形成电池1。其中，防护箱40可以包括六个侧板41，六个侧板41相连并围在多个电池单体10的外侧。防护箱40的材质可以为金属、塑料等。
可以理解的，当热管理部件20呈板状，并与多个电池单体10附接时，热管理部件20可以构成防护箱40的其中一个侧板41，例如如图6至图10所示，热管理部件20构成防护箱40的沿高度方向底端的侧板41，此时，热管理部件20对多个电池单体10形成支撑。
其中，多个电池单体10至少包括相邻设置的第一电池单体101和第二电池单体102。本实施例不限制第一电池单体101和第二电池单体102的个数，示例性的，第一电池单体101的个数为一个、第二电池单体102的个数为一个。第一电池单体101的个数为一个，第二电池单体102的个数为多个。当然，第一电池单体101和第二电池单体102的个数还可以均为多个。
且当第一电池单体101和第二电池单体102均设置为多个时，第一电池单体101和第二电池单体102以n个第一电池单体101、m个第二电池单体102的排布方式交替排列，其中，n≧1，m≧1，且n和m均为整数。示例性的，其排布方式可以为3个第一电池单体101、2个第二电池单体102、4个第一电池单体101依次排列设置。可选的，第一电池单体101和第二电池单体102可以依次相邻设置，也就是第一电池单体101的两侧均与第二电池单体102相邻设置，第二电池单体102的两侧均与第一电池单体101相邻设置。
第一电池单体101和第二电池单体102可以为相同的电池单体，也可以为不同的电池单体。这里所说的“相同”是指第一电池单体101和第二电池单体102在化学体系、形状、尺寸、体积、质量、能量密度等方面基本保持一致，而这里所说的“不同”是指第一电池单体101和第二电池单体102在化学体系、形状、尺寸、体积、质量、能量密度等方面中至少有一者有明显差异。
在一些可选的实施方式中，第一电池单体101可以为三元锂电池单体，具体例如为镍钴锰酸锂(LiNiMnCoO 2，NCM)电池单体或者镍钴铝酸锂(LiNiCoAlO 2，NCA)电池单体，第二电池单体102可以为磷酸铁锂(LiFePO 4，LFP)电池单体或者钴酸锂(LiCoO 2)电池单体。
那么，当多个电池单体10的种类相同时，各个电池单体10的产热 量可以认为近似相同，而位于内侧的电池单体10的散热速率小于位于外侧的电池单体10的散热速率。当多个电池单体10的种类至少为两种时，不同种类的电池单体10的产热量不同，且位于内侧的电池单体10的散热速率小于位于外侧的电池单体10的散热速率。也就是说，在与热管理部件20发生热交换前，各个电池单体10的温度差较大，电池1容易损坏。
以热交换前的第一电池单体101的温度大于热交换前的第二电池单体102的温度为例，为降低热交换后的第一电池单体101和第二电池单体102之间温度差，可以使第一电池单体101伸入并支撑在容纳部21内，这样，第一电池单体101的底壁和部分侧壁与容纳部21的内壁面进行热交换，第一电池单体101与热管理部件20的热交换面积较大，热交换速率较大。而第二电池单体102则直接支撑在热管理部件20上，第二电池单体102只有其底壁与热管理部件20热交换，热交换面积较小，热交换速率较小。
这样，第一电池单体101的散热速率大于第二电池单体102的散热速率，使得热交换后的第一电池单体101与第二电池单体102的温度差较小，也就是各个电池单体10的温度较为均匀，避免出现某个电池单体10过热或过冷，避免电池1损坏，有利于提高电池性能一致性和使用寿命一致性。
当然，此时，第一电池单体101的底壁与容纳部21的底壁面热交换，第一电池单体101的侧壁与容纳部21的侧壁面进行热交换，容纳部21的内壁面形成对第一电池单体101底端的限位。即使第一电池单体101受到相邻的电池单体10的挤压，例如，第二电池单体102发生偏移，并对第一电池单体101形成挤压，此时，也只有第一电池单体101中伸出容纳部21的部分会发生偏移，第一电池单体101的位于容纳部21内的部分仍然与容纳部21卡接，也就是第一电池单体101的紧固效果较好。电池1作为一个整体，其稳定性也较好。
其中，根据电池单体10的个数，热管理部件20上可以设置一个或多个容纳部21。当然，当热管理部件20上设置多个容纳部21时，每个容纳部21的凹陷深度可以相同，也可以不相同。其中，第一电池单体101 待热交换的热量越多，容纳部21的凹陷深度可以越大，容纳部21的凹陷深度可根据不同第一电池单体101的热交换需求进行设置。
在一些可选的实施方式中，每个容纳部21内可以单独容置一个第一电池单体101。这样，每个第一电池单体101的底壁和侧壁均可以与容纳部21的内壁面进行热交换，第一电池单体101的散热效果较好。
为分别对第一电池单体101和第二电池单体102进行冷却，在一些可选的实施方式中，热管理部件20上设有第一流道22和第二流道23，第一流道22和第二流道23分别用于容纳流体，第一流道22和第二流道23相互隔离，第一流道22和第二流道23分别与第一电池单体101和第二电池单体102相对设置。
电池1工作时，流体分别在第一流道22和第二流道23内流通，此时，在第一流道22内流通的流体不会与第二电池单体102进行热交换，只会集中与第一电池单体101进行热交换；在第二流道23内流通的流体不会与第一电池单体101进行热交换，只会集中与第二电池单体102进行热交换。这样，流体与各个电池单体10之间的热交换效率较高，电池单体10温度调节效果好。
并且，由于第一流道22和第二流道23相互隔离，相对于多个电池单体10同时对应一条流道的实施方式，本实施例中的第一流道22和第二流道23的长度均较小，这样，热交换后的流体可以及时排出，避免因流道过长导致流体吸热过多，导致位于流道出口一端的部分电池单体10不能充分进行热交换。
考虑到不同导热系数的流体的成本不同，在一些可选的实施方式中，流体包括第一流体和第二流体，第一流体在第一流道22内流通，第二流体在第二流道23内流通，第一流体的导热系数大于第二流体的导热系数。
这样，导热系数较大的第一流体对应产热较多或散热较慢的第一电池单体101，并流通在第一流道22内，第一流体与第一电池单体101之间的热交换的速度较快且热交换的量较多。导热系数较小的第二流体对应产热较少或散热较快的第二电池单体102，并流通在第二流道23内，第二流 体与第二电池单体102之间的热交换的量较少。
也就是说，本实施例针对不同的电池单体10，采用了不同的流体，既能使得各个电池单体10之间的温度较为均匀，又能降低成本。
在一些可选的实施方式中，热管理部件20还包括凸出部24，凸出部24附接于第二电池单体102的底壁12；其中，第一流道22设置于容纳部21内，第二流道23设置于凸出部24内。
其中，凸出部24可以与热管理部件20粘接固定或一体成型。请参阅图5，此时，凸出部24可以与热管理部件20一体成型，热管理部件20可以为凹凸板状结构，凸出部24与热管理部件20共同形成凹凸支撑面，热管理部件20的强度较高。
或者，请参阅图6，凸出部24可以与热管理部件20可拆卸连接。示例性的，热管理部件20上设有插接槽，凸出部24与热管理部件20插接相连。
当凸出部24连接在热管理部件20上以后，热管理部件20上未设置凸出部24的部分形成容纳部21。
当第一电池单体101设置在容纳部21内，第一电池单体101的底壁12与热管理部件20进行热交换，第一电池单体101的侧壁11与凸出部24的侧壁面进行热交换，使得第一电池单体101可以同时与第一流道22和第二流道23内的流体发生热交换，热交换效率高。第二电池单体102支撑在凸出部24上，第二电池单体102与第二流道23内的流体发生热交换。这样，可以使得第一电池单体101和第二电池单体102的温度均调节至预设温度范围内，第一电池单体101和第二电池单体102的温度差较小，避免某个电池单体10过热导致电池1过热损坏。
在一些可选的实施方式中，电池1还包括支撑件30，支撑件30用于支撑电池单体10，支撑件30与热管理部件20连接。
其中，支撑件30可以为弹性件，支撑件30可以设置在电池单体10与热管理部件20之间，也可以设置在热管理部件20的内部，也可以设置在热管理部件20的底部。这样，可以提高电池单体10以及电池1的减震、抗冲击能力。弹性件可以为弹簧、弹性橡胶等，本实施例不进行限 制。
其中，每个电池单体10可以分别对应设置一个支撑件30，以分别对每个电池单体10进行缓冲减震。
为固定支撑件30，热管理部件20上设有容置槽25，容置槽25用于容置支撑件30。
这样，当电池1受到冲击，电池单体10相对于热管理部件20发生偏移时，支撑件30可在容置槽25内发生弹性变形。此时，容置槽25可以起到导向作用，避免支撑件30在变形过程中发生歪斜，导致电池单体10发生歪斜。
容置槽25的个数可以少于电池单体10的个数，以避免容置槽25过多的降低热管理部件20的强度。
在一些可选的实施方式中，请参阅图5，热管理部件20为呈凹凸板状结构。此时，热管理部件20的背离电池单体10的凹陷部位可以形成容置槽25，支撑件30可支撑或填充在容置槽25内，并对电池1形成防护，以缓和电池1受到的外部的震动冲击。
当然，请参阅图9和图10，容置槽25还可以为设置在热管理部件20内部的四周封闭两端的开口的结构，本实施例不进行限制。
本申请实施例还提供一种电池1的制备方法，用于制备上述电池1，其包括：
S100、提供电池单体10。其中，电池单体10具有相连的底壁12和侧壁11。
S200、提供热管理部件20，并在热管理部件20上形成容纳部21。
S300、组装电池单体10和热管理部件20。使第一电池单体101沿高度方向的底端插接于容纳部21内，第二电池单体102沿高度方向的底端直接支撑在热管理部件20上。这样，容纳部21附接于电池单体10的底壁12和侧壁11，第一电池单体101与热管理部件20之间的热交换面积相较于第二电池单体102与热管理部件20之间的热交换面积较大，使得热交换后的第一电池单体101与第二电池单体102的温度差较小，各个电池单体10的温度较为均匀，避免电池1过热或过冷损坏。
本申请实施例还提供一种电池1的制备设备，用于制备上述电池1，其包括：电池单体制备模块，用于制备电池单体10；热管理部件制备模块，用于制备热管理部件20，并在热管理部件20上形成容纳部21；装配模块，用于将电池单体10装配在热管理部件20的容纳部21内。
其中，电池单体制备模块、热管理部件制备模块、装配模块之间可以相互独立，也可以为制备设备中的组成部分，本实施例不进行限制。
具体的，制备电池1时，首先通过电池单体制备模块和热管理部件制备模块制备电池单体10和热管理部件20，并在热管理部件20上形成容纳部21。
装配模块可以将电池单体10附接在热管理部件20上，此时，部分电池单体10伸入容纳部21内，部分电池单体10直接支撑在热管理部件20上，使得两部分电池单体10与热管理部件20的热交换面积不同，以使得各个电池单体10的温度较为均匀，避免电池1过热或过冷损坏。
虽然已经参考优选实施例对本申请进行了描述，但在不脱离本申请的范围的情况下，可以对其进行各种改进并且可以用等效物替换其中的部件。尤其是，只要不存在结构冲突，各个实施例中所提到的各项技术特征均可以任意方式组合起来。本申请并不局限于文中公开的特定实施例，而是包括落入权利要求的范围内的所有技术方案。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种电池，包括：
    电池单体，所述电池单体具有相连的侧壁和底壁；
    热管理部件，用于容纳流体以给所述电池单体调节温度，所述热管理部件上设有容纳部，所述容纳部用于容纳所述电池单体；
    其中，所述容纳部附接于所述电池单体的底壁和侧壁，以使所述电池单体与所述热管理部件之间实现热交换。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电池，其中，所述电池单体设置为多个，多个所述电池单体至少包括相邻设置的第一电池单体和第二电池单体，且热交换前的所述第一电池单体的温度大于热交换前的所述第二电池单体的温度；
    所述容纳部附接于所述第一电池单体的底壁和侧壁上，所述热管理部件附接于所述第二电池单体的底壁上。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的电池，其中，所述热管理部件上设有第一流道和第二流道，所述第一流道和所述第二流道分别用于容纳所述流体，所述第一流道和所述第二流道相互隔离，所述第一流道和所述第二流道分别与所述第一电池单体和所述第二电池单体相对设置。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的电池，其中，所述流体包括第一流体和第二流体，所述第一流体在所述第一流道内流通，所述第二流体在所述第二流道内流通，所述第一流体的导热系数大于所述第二流体的导热系数。
  5. 根据权利要求3所述的电池，其中，所述热管理部件还包括凸出部，所述凸出部附接于所述第二电池单体的底壁；
    其中，所述第一流道设置于所述容纳部内，所述第二流道设置于所述凸出部内。
  6. 根据权利要求1-5任一项所述的电池，其中，所述电池还包括支撑件，所述支撑件用于支撑所述电池单体，所述支撑件与所述热管理部件连接。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的电池，其中，所述热管理部件上设有容置槽，所述容置槽用于容置所述支撑件。
  8. 一种使用电池的装置，其包括权利要求1-7任一项所述的电池，所述电池为所述装置提供电能。
  9. 一种电池的制备方法，用于制备权利要求1-7任一项所述的电池，其包括：
    提供电池单体，所述电池单体具有相连的底壁和侧壁；
    提供热管理部件，并在所述热管理部件上形成容纳部；
    组装所述电池单体和所述热管理部件，使所述容纳部附接于所述电池单体的底壁和侧壁，以使所述电池单体与所述热管理部件之间实现热交换。
  10. 一种电池的制备设备，用于制备权利要求1-7任一项所述的电池，其包括：
    电池单体制备模块，用于制备所述电池单体；
    热管理部件制备模块，用于制备所述热管理部件，并在所述热管理部件上形成容纳部；
    装配模块，用于将所述电池单体装配在所述热管理部件的所述容纳部内。
PCT/CN2020/129475 2020-11-17 2020-11-17 电池、使用电池的装置、电池的制备方法和制备设备 WO2022104547A1 (zh)

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