WO2022103347A1 - Long natural fiber reinforced polypropylene composites - Google Patents
Long natural fiber reinforced polypropylene composites Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022103347A1 WO2022103347A1 PCT/TR2020/051113 TR2020051113W WO2022103347A1 WO 2022103347 A1 WO2022103347 A1 WO 2022103347A1 TR 2020051113 W TR2020051113 W TR 2020051113W WO 2022103347 A1 WO2022103347 A1 WO 2022103347A1
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- Prior art keywords
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- fiber
- natural fiber
- composite
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- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 60
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- -1 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004605 External Lubricant Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004610 Internal Lubricant Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004609 Impact Modifier Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N maleic anhydride Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)C=C1 FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenol group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=C1)O ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical group CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 32
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 abstract description 11
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 14
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 13
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 11
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 7
- 240000006240 Linum usitatissimum Species 0.000 description 5
- 235000004431 Linum usitatissimum Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003733 fiber-reinforced composite Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007767 bonding agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc sulfate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 244000198134 Agave sisalana Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000144725 Amygdalus communis Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000011437 Amygdalus communis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000017166 Bambusa arundinacea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000017491 Bambusa tulda Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000008564 Boehmeria nivea Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910021532 Calcite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 240000000491 Corchorus aestuans Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000011777 Corchorus aestuans Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000010862 Corchorus capsularis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001431 Long-fiber-reinforced thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000082204 Phyllostachys viridis Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000015334 Phyllostachys viridis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000018633 Prunus armeniaca Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000009827 Prunus armeniaca Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000002657 Thymus vulgaris Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007303 Thymus vulgaris Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000098338 Triticum aestivum Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000020224 almond Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000844 anti-bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011425 bamboo Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006399 behavior Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011173 biocomposite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006065 biodegradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005562 fading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010903 husk Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 240000004308 marijuana Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000005445 natural material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007530 organic bases Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012815 thermoplastic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001585 thymus vulgaris Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013585 weight reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- XOOUIPVCVHRTMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc stearate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O XOOUIPVCVHRTMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/04—Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material
- C08J5/10—Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material characterised by the additives used in the polymer mixture
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/04—Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material
- C08J5/045—Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material with vegetable or animal fibrous material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L23/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L23/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
- C08L23/10—Homopolymers or copolymers of propene
- C08L23/12—Polypropene
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2323/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2323/02—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after treatment
- C08J2323/10—Homopolymers or copolymers of propene
- C08J2323/12—Polypropene
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2205/00—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features
- C08L2205/14—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing polymeric additives characterised by shape
- C08L2205/16—Fibres; Fibrils
Definitions
- the present invention relates to long natural fiber reinforced polypropylene composites produced through the impregnation method, whose fiber/matrix interface is improved and is suitable for shaping by means of extrusion/ inj ection .
- the present invention allows for promoting mechanical properties , decreasing the material density, and reducing the wall thickness in mass production by means of long fiber use in polypropylene composite material that is employed in various sectors such as automotive , white appliance , electric and electronic .
- thermoplastic compounds employed in the state of the art constitute various problems based on the sector . For instance , it cannot meet the requirement for decreasing the weight in the automotive sector . Considering the current environmental problems , carbon emission poses great importance , and the fact that materials used in the automotive components are too heavy also constitutes a signi ficant problem in terms of both human health and the environment .
- natural f illing/ reinforcement materials are materials that provide a solution for the weight problem . Even though the density problem may be solved through the use of natural materials , particle si zes , and forms of natural materials af fect the mechanical values of the composite material signi ficantly .
- Use of short natural fibers in the polypropylene composites as a reinforcement element is not suf ficient for the composite material produced to achieve the mechanical strength values required . And this narrows the use area of the composite material drastically .
- the patent application CN105504501A discloses the use of short natural fiber in the polypropylene matrix and anti-bacterial composite material . It occurs fractures in short fiber used in the extruding process in producing composite material , and thermal degradation in fiber during the process . These fractures and degradations reduce the strength of the material and the material cannot meet the strength value requirements .
- the present invention relates to long natural fiber reinforced polypropylene composites , such that it brings solutions for eliminating all of the problems in the state of the art . It is aimed by means of the present invention that the long natural fiber reinforced polypropylene composite material compatibili zed by using bonding agents comprises higher strength, flameretardant property, and become a light ( low-density) and environmentally friendly material .
- the material has achieved the desired properties through the use of the flame-retardant reinforcement material and impact resistance promoting agents by means of the formulation .
- Table 1 shows the natural filling materials used herein. As can be seen in Table 1, it is observed that the density value decreases to 0,95-0,96 g/cm 3 from 1,04 g/cm 3 and however, that there is also losses in the mechanical resistance, when it is added 20% of natural filling materials (almond shell, rice husk, apricot seed, thyme, etc.) into 20% of talk-filled polypropylene (1) composite material. Therefore, it is observed that these materials in the particle form do not solve the present problem and it is tried to avoid the loss in the mechanical values by means of the use of natural reinforcement materials in the fiber form.
- long natural fiber ( 2 ) cannot be similarly produced by means of the production method for particle form or short fiber-reinforced composite . While materials in the particle or short fiber form may be processed through the melt-blending method, it is required to produce by means of the impregnation method so as to produce a long fiber-reinforced composite . To this end, the impregnation reservoir is attached to the end of the twin-screw extruder that performs the melt-blending process and it is advanced to produce long natural fiber ( 2 ) reinforced composite , wherein fibers are coated with a polymer in the impregnation reservoir .
- the resulting final product comprises polypropylene (1) at the weight fraction of 40-80% and long natural fiber (2) at the weight fraction of 20-60%. It is used jute, flax, cannabis, sisal, ramie, wheat straw, bamboo, etc. as long natural fiber (2) . Since polar structures of polypropylene (1) and long natural fiber (2) are different from each other, it is used suitable compatibilizers (8) during compounding. It is a critical point for the solution of the present problem to determine the weight fraction of the suitable compatibilizer (8) to overcome the compatibilization problem, and to achieve the desired mechanical properties. Formulation of the long natural fiber (2) reinforced polypropylene (1) composite contains in the weight fraction range of 3-10% of compatibilizer (8) .
- a binding compatibilizer (8) with a significant percentage of maleic anhydride so as to overcome the incompatibility between polypropylene (1) and long natural fiber (2) .
- Said compatibilizer (8) has a more binding effect on the polypropylene (1) and long natural fiber (2) compared to the likes.
- Every additive used in the formulation of the long natural fiber (2) reinforced polypropylene (1) composite introduces different properties contributing to the prescription.
- Formulation of the long natural fiber (2) reinforced polypropylene (1) composite contains antioxidant (3) , internal lubricant (4) , external lubricant (5) , scent absorbent (6) , impact modifier (7) , dehumidifier (9) , and flame retardant (10) .
- the flame retardant (10) improves the flame-retardant properties of the formulation.
- Flame retardants (10) are used in improving the combustion behaviors of the composite material by being used with/without halogen, wherein the long natural fiber (2) reinforced polypropylene (1) composite contains flame retardants at the weight fraction of 15-25%.
- an impact modifier (7) is used in the prescription.
- the impact modifier (7) is used at the weight fraction of 1-10% in the composite prescription.
- Antioxidant (3) is another additive used in the formulation. It is used phenolic and/or phosphate-based materials at the weight fraction of 0,05-0,3% as an antioxidant (3) .
- Antioxidants (3) in the formulation protect the polypropylene (1) being matrix material of the composite from negative effects of mechanical loads, heat, and friction during the process and throughout the service life. Thus, it is avoided negative effects such as color fading in the article appearance, reduction in the service life, and decrease in the resistance against the heat over time resulting from said negative effects.
- Internal lubricant (4) is a process assistant and it is used so as to ensure the dispersion of the filling material into the polypropylene (1) being the matrix material during the process and also to improve the flowing capability.
- Internal lubricant (4) in the final product formulation is a wax mixture formed to increase the performance. Internal lubricant (4) is used at the weigth fraction of 0,3-2%.
- Another additive in the final product formulation is an external lubricant (5) material.
- Zinc stearate used as an external lubricant (5) is a metal soap. It both decreases the friction of the related formulation in the extruder cartridge and functions as a mold separator while facilitating injection process. It is observed to achieve the desired properties when the external lubricant (5) is used at the weight fraction of 0,3-2%.
- Prescription of the long natural fiber (2) reinforced polypropylene (1) composite contains scent absorbent (6) in the weigth fraction of 0,5-4%. Scent absorbent (6) ensures that the scent resulting from the long natural fiber (2) is discharged through the vacuum during the process and that the scent is trapped into the polypropylene (1) matrix material and it is not discharged during the injection process.
- Long natural fiber (2) reinforced polypropylene (1) composite contains dehumidifier (9) at the weigth fraction of 1-5%. It prevents that humidity in the long natural fiber (2) damages the mold during the injection process.
- Dehumidifier (9) is an additive that ensures the humidity to be trapped in the composite material so as to prevent the humidity from making any stains on the final product surface.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to long natural fiber (2) reinforced polypropylene (1) composites produced through the impregnation method, whose fiber/matrix interface is improved and is suitable for shaping by means of extrusion/injection. In particular, the present invention relates allows for promoting mechanical properties, decreasing the material density and reducing the wall thickness in mass production by means of long fiber (2) use in polypropylene (1) composite material that is employed in various sectors such as automotive, white appliance, electric and electronic.
Description
LONG NATURAL FIBER REINFORCED POLYPROPYLENE COMPOSITES
Technical Field
The present invention relates to long natural fiber reinforced polypropylene composites produced through the impregnation method, whose fiber/matrix interface is improved and is suitable for shaping by means of extrusion/ inj ection . In particular, the present invention allows for promoting mechanical properties , decreasing the material density, and reducing the wall thickness in mass production by means of long fiber use in polypropylene composite material that is employed in various sectors such as automotive , white appliance , electric and electronic .
Prior Art
Nowadays , mineral- filled ( talk, calcite , etc . ) polypropylene thermoplastic compounds are used in various sectors such as automotive , white appliances , electric, and electronic . These thermoplastic compounds employed in the state of the art constitute various problems based on the sector . For instance , it cannot meet the requirement for decreasing the weight in the automotive sector . Considering the current environmental problems , carbon emission poses great importance , and the fact that materials used in the automotive components are too heavy also constitutes a signi ficant problem in terms of both human health and the environment .
In the state of the art , natural f illing/ reinforcement materials are materials that provide a solution for the weight problem . Even though the density problem may be solved through the use of natural materials , particle si zes , and forms of natural
materials af fect the mechanical values of the composite material signi ficantly . Use of short natural fibers in the polypropylene composites as a reinforcement element is not suf ficient for the composite material produced to achieve the mechanical strength values required . And this narrows the use area of the composite material drastically .
In the state of the art , the patent application CN105504501A discloses the use of short natural fiber in the polypropylene matrix and anti-bacterial composite material . It occurs fractures in short fiber used in the extruding process in producing composite material , and thermal degradation in fiber during the process . These fractures and degradations reduce the strength of the material and the material cannot meet the strength value requirements .
It constitutes great importance to use a bonding agent that is capable of compatibili zing the reinforcement element and matrix to each other in the formulation, in addition to the reinforcement element used . Another problem in the state of the art is that the fiber and matrix should be compatibili zed because their polar structures are di f ferent from each other . Since the reinforcement element and matrix element cannot be compatibili zed in the composite material , the material cannot achieve the mechanical strength values required . These composite materials are not preferred, as they are not suitable in terms of their mechanical properties .
It is observed in the literature research that it is performed production through forming a hybrid composite from long natural fibers and glass fiber and thus , that the mechanical properties are increased in that way . It is written by S . Jeyanthi and J .
Janci Rani , wherein it is published under the title "Development of natural long fiber thermoplastic composites for automotive frontal beams" in the j ournal called " Indian Journal of Engineering & Material Science" in 2014 . Since glass fibers used in the production of long glass fiber-reinforced composite comprise a si zing suitable for polymer on their surfaces and function as a reinforcement element , they can compatibili ze with polymer, wherein it promotes mechanical properties of the resulting material . However, the density increases due to the glass fiber, and the lightness property sought in the composite material cannot be achieved in thi s application . Therefore , even though it is seen that the present mechanical value problem is solved by means of glass fiber use , it cannot be met the requirement for lightness .
Objects of the Invention
The present invention relates to long natural fiber reinforced polypropylene composites , such that it brings solutions for eliminating all of the problems in the state of the art . It is aimed by means of the present invention that the long natural fiber reinforced polypropylene composite material compatibili zed by using bonding agents comprises higher strength, flameretardant property, and become a light ( low-density) and environmentally friendly material .
In recent years , there have been various studies conducted for decreasing the cost and reducing the weight by way of adding natural fibers into thermoplastic materials , because prices of the plastic materials have increased signi ficantly . Polypropylene is impregnated on the long natural fiber by means of the impregnation method and it is produced polypropylene- based thermoplastic compound by way of using it as a long natural fiber reinforcement element and it is made use of contribution
in terms of lightness and mechanical strength of the long fiber . Long natural fibers constitute advantages such as density, recyclability, low corrosivity, and biodegradation compared to conventional reinforcement elements such as glass fiber .
It is aimed to reduce the carbon emission in the automotive sector by means of decreasing the wall thickness and reducing the density in the current component by way of using long natural fibers in the automotive components . It is solved the weight problem, the carbon emission is decreased and it is achieved improved mechanical values , by means of the development of the long natural fiber reinforced polypropylene composites produced through impregnation method, whose fiber/matrix interface is improved and is suitable for shaping by means of extrusion/ inj ection . It is aimed to achieve not only fuel saving and the resulting economical gain but also a positive contribution to the ecological balance by means of the reduction of CO2 because the composite material becomes lighter, namely, its density becomes lower .
There are expectations such as flame-retardant property and higher impact resistance from the present composite materials used in various sectors . The material has achieved the desired properties through the use of the flame-retardant reinforcement material and impact resistance promoting agents by means of the formulation .
It is possible to solve the weight problem of the composite material in the state of the art by means of producing a composite material by way of using a low-density filling or reinforcement elements . Therefore , it is one of the obj ects to
solve the present problem by means of the use of the long natural fiber reinforcement elements.
Detailed Description of the Invention
It is provided reference numbers so that the inventive long natural fiber reinforced polypropylene composite may be understood better, wherein these reference numbers shall be used in the description in the following. Accordingly:
1. Polypropylene
2. Long Natural Fiber
3. Antioxidant
4. Internal Lubricant
5. External Lubricant
6. Scent Absorbent
7. Impact Modifier
8. Compatibilizer
9. Dehumidifier
10. Fl ame Retardant
It is firstly studied natural filling materials in the particle form. However, it is observed as a result of tests that these materials have negative effects on mechanical properties. Table 1 shows the natural filling materials used herein. As can be seen in Table 1, it is observed that the density value decreases to 0,95-0,96 g/cm3 from 1,04 g/cm3 and however, that there is also losses in the mechanical resistance, when it is added 20% of natural filling materials (almond shell, rice husk, apricot seed, thyme, etc.) into 20% of talk-filled polypropylene (1) composite material. Therefore, it is observed that these materials in the particle form do not solve the present problem and it is tried to avoid the loss in the mechanical values by means of the use of natural reinforcement materials in the fiber form.
There are two ways to use natural materials in the fiber form . First , it is used natural material s in the short fiber form, and it is obtained composite material by way of compounding the same with the matrix in an extruder . To this end, it is supplied flax fiber and converted into short fiber form . However, it is detected in the studies that flax fiber converted into the short fiber form is shredded in the extruder during the process and behaves like a particle form and that it does not make the desired contribution to mechanical values . Table 2 shows the studies on short- flax fiber . As seen in Table 2 , even though it constitutes an advantage in terms of weight reduction, it is not suf ficient in mechanical values . It is brought forward long natural fiber ( 2 ) so as to solve this problem . However, long natural fiber ( 2 ) cannot be similarly produced by means of the production method for particle form or short fiber-reinforced composite . While materials in the particle or short fiber form may be processed through the melt-blending method, it is required to produce by means of the impregnation method so as to produce a long fiber-reinforced composite . To this end, the impregnation reservoir is attached to the end of the twin-screw extruder that performs the melt-blending process and it is advanced to produce long natural fiber ( 2 ) reinforced composite , wherein fibers are coated with a polymer in the impregnation reservoir . It is observed that mechanical values of the resulting composites are signi ficantly higher and thus it is improved the mechanical values by means of the use of the long natural fiber ( 2 ) , wherein the density also is reduced . Table 3 shows the mechanical values of the composites produced by using long j ute fibers as long natural fiber ( 2 ) .
Not only it is reduced the density and achieved an improvement in the mechanical values by means of the natural long fiber ( 2 ) but also it is produced an environmentally friendly composite regarding a more environmental approach . It is avoided the use
of a synthetic filling agent and reinforcement material, wherein 20-50% of the formulation contains an organic base with the biocomposite article, whose reinforcement material can biodegrade in nature. Thus, it is ensured to replace the not- so-ecof riendly applications, in which synthetic materials are employed, with environmentally friendly articles.
The resulting final product comprises polypropylene (1) at the weight fraction of 40-80% and long natural fiber (2) at the weight fraction of 20-60%. It is used jute, flax, cannabis, sisal, ramie, wheat straw, bamboo, etc. as long natural fiber (2) . Since polar structures of polypropylene (1) and long natural fiber (2) are different from each other, it is used suitable compatibilizers (8) during compounding. It is a critical point for the solution of the present problem to determine the weight fraction of the suitable compatibilizer (8) to overcome the compatibilization problem, and to achieve the desired mechanical properties. Formulation of the long natural fiber (2) reinforced polypropylene (1) composite contains in the weight fraction range of 3-10% of compatibilizer (8) . It is selected as a binding compatibilizer (8) with a significant percentage of maleic anhydride so as to overcome the incompatibility between polypropylene (1) and long natural fiber (2) . Said compatibilizer (8) has a more binding effect on the polypropylene (1) and long natural fiber (2) compared to the likes.
Every additive used in the formulation of the long natural fiber (2) reinforced polypropylene (1) composite introduces different properties contributing to the prescription. Formulation of the long natural fiber (2) reinforced polypropylene (1) composite contains antioxidant (3) , internal lubricant (4) , external lubricant (5) , scent absorbent (6) , impact modifier (7) , dehumidifier (9) , and flame retardant (10) . For instance, the
flame retardant (10) improves the flame-retardant properties of the formulation. Flame retardants (10) are used in improving the combustion behaviors of the composite material by being used with/without halogen, wherein the long natural fiber (2) reinforced polypropylene (1) composite contains flame retardants at the weight fraction of 15-25%. Since such flame retardants (10) make the material more fragile, it is one of the most important requirements in the formulation to use an additive that improves the impact resistance so as to achieve the desired mechanical properties. Components particularly used in the automotive sector are selected from materials with higher impact resistance properties. Therefore, an impact modifier (7) is used in the prescription. The impact modifier (7) is used at the weight fraction of 1-10% in the composite prescription.
Antioxidant (3) is another additive used in the formulation. It is used phenolic and/or phosphate-based materials at the weight fraction of 0,05-0,3% as an antioxidant (3) . Antioxidants (3) in the formulation protect the polypropylene (1) being matrix material of the composite from negative effects of mechanical loads, heat, and friction during the process and throughout the service life. Thus, it is avoided negative effects such as color fading in the article appearance, reduction in the service life, and decrease in the resistance against the heat over time resulting from said negative effects.
Internal lubricant (4) is a process assistant and it is used so as to ensure the dispersion of the filling material into the polypropylene (1) being the matrix material during the process and also to improve the flowing capability. Internal lubricant (4) in the final product formulation is a wax mixture formed to increase the performance. Internal lubricant (4) is used at the weigth fraction of 0,3-2%. Another additive in the final product
formulation is an external lubricant (5) material. Zinc stearate used as an external lubricant (5) is a metal soap. It both decreases the friction of the related formulation in the extruder cartridge and functions as a mold separator while facilitating injection process. It is observed to achieve the desired properties when the external lubricant (5) is used at the weight fraction of 0,3-2%.
Prescription of the long natural fiber (2) reinforced polypropylene (1) composite contains scent absorbent (6) in the weigth fraction of 0,5-4%. Scent absorbent (6) ensures that the scent resulting from the long natural fiber (2) is discharged through the vacuum during the process and that the scent is trapped into the polypropylene (1) matrix material and it is not discharged during the injection process.
Long natural fiber (2) reinforced polypropylene (1) composite contains dehumidifier (9) at the weigth fraction of 1-5%. It prevents that humidity in the long natural fiber (2) damages the mold during the injection process. Dehumidifier (9) is an additive that ensures the humidity to be trapped in the composite material so as to prevent the humidity from making any stains on the final product surface.
Table - 1 Studies Performed with Natural Filling Material in the Particle Form
T
Table - 2 Studies Performed with Flax in the Short Fiber Form
Claims
CLAIMS Natural fiber reinforced polypropylene composite, characterized in that it comprises polypropylene (1) at the weigth fraction of 40-80%, long natural fiber (2) at the weigth fraction of 20-60%, and compatibilizer (8) at the weigth fraction of 3-10% by means of using the impregnation method . Composite according to Claim 1, characterized in that it comprises antioxidant (3) in the weigth fraction of 0,05- 0,3% . Antioxidant (3) according to Claim 2, characterized in that it is phenolic and/or phosphate based. Composite according to Claim 1, characterized in that it comprises internal lubricant (4) in the weigth fraction of 0,3-2%. Internal lubricant (4) according to Claim 4, characterized in that it is a wax mixture. Composite according to Claim 1, characterized in that it comprises external lubricant (5) in the weigth fraction of 0,3-2%. External lubricant (5) according to Claim 6, characterized in that it is a stearate metal soap. Composite according to Claim 1, characterized in that it comprises scent absorbent (6) in the weigth fraction of 0,5-4%. Composite according to Claim 1, characterized in that it comprises impact modifier (7) at the weigth fraction of 1- 10% . Compatibilizer (8) according to Claim 1, characterized in that it comprises a high maleic anhydride percentage. Composite according to Claim 1, characterized in that it comprises dehumidifier (9) at the weigth fraction of 1-5%.
Composite according to Claim 1, characterized in that it comprises flame retardant (10) at the weigth fraction of 15-25% .
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| PCT/TR2020/051113 WO2022103347A1 (en) | 2020-11-16 | 2020-11-16 | Long natural fiber reinforced polypropylene composites |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/TR2020/051113 WO2022103347A1 (en) | 2020-11-16 | 2020-11-16 | Long natural fiber reinforced polypropylene composites |
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| WO2022103347A1 true WO2022103347A1 (en) | 2022-05-19 |
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Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102585358A (en) * | 2011-12-30 | 2012-07-18 | 合肥会通新材料有限公司 | Natural fiber reinforced polypropylene composite material and preparation method thereof |
| CN105504501A (en) * | 2015-12-30 | 2016-04-20 | 上海普利特复合材料股份有限公司 | Natural-fiber-reinforced polypropylene composite material with mildewproof and antimicrobial properties and preparation method thereof |
| CN106589578B (en) * | 2016-11-04 | 2020-07-17 | 重庆普利特新材料有限公司 | High-performance jute fiber reinforced polypropylene composite material and preparation method thereof |
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2020
- 2020-11-16 WO PCT/TR2020/051113 patent/WO2022103347A1/en active Application Filing
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102585358A (en) * | 2011-12-30 | 2012-07-18 | 合肥会通新材料有限公司 | Natural fiber reinforced polypropylene composite material and preparation method thereof |
| CN105504501A (en) * | 2015-12-30 | 2016-04-20 | 上海普利特复合材料股份有限公司 | Natural-fiber-reinforced polypropylene composite material with mildewproof and antimicrobial properties and preparation method thereof |
| CN106589578B (en) * | 2016-11-04 | 2020-07-17 | 重庆普利特新材料有限公司 | High-performance jute fiber reinforced polypropylene composite material and preparation method thereof |
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