WO2022099535A1 - Npr锚杆或锚索材料转炉及连铸大方坯的生产方法 - Google Patents

Npr锚杆或锚索材料转炉及连铸大方坯的生产方法 Download PDF

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WO2022099535A1
WO2022099535A1 PCT/CN2020/128298 CN2020128298W WO2022099535A1 WO 2022099535 A1 WO2022099535 A1 WO 2022099535A1 CN 2020128298 W CN2020128298 W CN 2020128298W WO 2022099535 A1 WO2022099535 A1 WO 2022099535A1
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npr
continuous casting
molten steel
steel
production method
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PCT/CN2020/128298
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French (fr)
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何满潮
夏敏
郭洪燕
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何满潮
夏敏
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Priority to PCT/CN2020/128298 priority Critical patent/WO2022099535A1/zh
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
    • B21B1/00—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations
    • B21B1/46—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling metal immediately subsequent to continuous casting
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/42—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with copper

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of steel materials for rock mechanics, in particular to a new material converter for NPR bolts or anchor cables and a production method for continuous casting blooms.
  • these supporting materials are all traditional Poisson's ratio materials (PR materials), that is, the necking phenomenon of localized deformation will occur when tensile rupture occurs, so the PR material has small deformation, strength, elongation and tensile displacement. It can no longer adapt to the nonlinear large deformation and failure characteristics of deep roadway/tunnel surrounding rock. Under the action of impact load, the material reaches its yield strength instantly, and the material breaks and fails, and the bearing protection capacity is lost, resulting in multiple repairs of the roadway/tunnel.
  • PR materials Poisson's ratio materials
  • the production method of the NPR bolt or anchor cable steel material disclosed in the prior art is generally by adopting the intermediate frequency smelting, mold casting process route to carry out the production of the NPR bolt or the new material of the anchor cable.
  • the production methods in the prior art exist. Low yield, high production cost and low production efficiency. Therefore, the development of a large-scale, low-cost and continuous production process for new NPR bolts or new anchor cables has become an urgent problem to be solved in the steel material industry.
  • the embodiment of the present invention provides a NPR anchor rod or anchor cable new material converter and a production method for continuous casting bloom, so as to solve the problem of high production cost and low production efficiency in the prior art production method of NPR anchor rod or anchor cable steel material The problem.
  • the present invention provides a NPR anchor rod or anchor cable new material converter and a production method for continuous casting blooms, wherein the elements of the NPR anchor rod or anchor cable and their mass percentages are respectively C: 0.4 ⁇ 0.9%, Mn: 14 ⁇ 22%, Al: 0 ⁇ 4%, Cr: 0.1 ⁇ 10%, Si: 0.1 ⁇ 3%, NPR crystal 0 ⁇ 2%, Ca: 0.01 ⁇ 0.25%, Cu: ⁇ 0.09 %, Ni: ⁇ 0.09%, S: ⁇ 0.001%, P: ⁇ 0.001%, the rest are Fe and inevitable impurity elements, the production method includes the following steps:
  • Converter steelmaking process according to the batching requirements, add molten iron and scrap steel that meet the requirements of NPR bolts or new materials for anchor cables into the converter, add slag-forming agent during the smelting process, and use the top-bottom re-blowing mode for normal smelting.
  • the composition and temperature of the molten steel are stopped, the blowing is stopped, and the molten steel is deoxidized during the tapping process;
  • LF refining process transport the ladle after tapping from the converter to the refining workshop.
  • the alloy is added with the new material composition of the NPR bolt or anchor cable as the target composition, and the composition of the molten steel is adjusted and stably controlled to the target range.
  • 0-2% NPR crystals are added to the molten steel, and during the refining process, the dissolved gas and inclusions in the molten steel are removed by blowing argon from the bottom of the ladle;
  • Bloom continuous casting process the molten steel that has been refined by LF is injected into the tundish, and then the molten steel is distributed to each mold of the continuous casting machine to make it solidify and crystallize, and the steel billet in the mold is pulled out and the drawing speed is controlled.
  • the whole process protection pouring technology is used to prevent the molten steel from oxidizing and inhaling;
  • Heating process of steel rolling transfer the billet produced by the bloom continuous casting process into the heating furnace for heating, and the billet is released after heating;
  • Rolling process of steel rolling The billet after heating and descaling with high-pressure water is transferred to the rolling production line for rapid rolling, and the opening temperature, finishing temperature and rolling speed are controlled, and the billet is cooled to room temperature after hot rolling treatment.
  • the molten iron that meets the composition requirements of NPR bolts or anchor cables needs to go through the steps of slagging, desulfurization and dephosphorization before being added to the converter.
  • P ⁇ 0.1%, S ⁇ 0.03%, and Si are 0.30% to 0.50%.
  • argon gas is bottom-blown in the whole process, and the bottom-blowing flow rate is controlled to be 5-50NL/(min ⁇ t).
  • the whole process protection pouring technology includes the following steps: a ladle cover is provided on the ladle; when the ladle injects molten steel into the tundish of the continuous casting machine, a casing is firstly added between the ladle and the tundish of the continuous casting machine; The molten steel injection place is protected by a sealing gasket, and the top of the molten steel in the tundish is protected by a double layer of thermal insulation thin slag agent and carbonized rice husk; the nozzle of the tundish is completely immersed below the molten steel surface of the mold.
  • electromagnetic stirring is provided at the segment of the billet drawn.
  • the section of the bloom is: 280mm*380mm.
  • the bloom continuous casting process has high production efficiency and high yield; and the bloom continuous casting process also matches the characteristics of the NPR material. , can be produced by continuous casting process.
  • the invention overcomes the problems of low yield, high production cost, low production efficiency and the like in the production technology of NPR anchor rod or new anchor cable material using intermediate frequency smelting and mold casting process routes in the prior art.
  • the NPR wire rod prepared by testing the NPR anchor rod or the new anchor cable material bloom process has a yield strength of 900MPa and an elongation of 30%; as shown in Figure 2, the diameter of the NPR anchor rod with a diameter of 16mm and an effective original length of 843mm , Yield force 190KN, breaking force 216KN, displacement 224mm.
  • the production method involved in the present invention realizes the large-scale continuous production of the new material of the NPR anchor rod or the anchor cable, and the production efficiency is effectively improved. According to preliminary calculation, its production cost is reduced by about 1,500 yuan/ton of steel compared with intermediate frequency mold casting, which can greatly reduce production costs and improve economic benefits.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of the NPR bolt or anchor cable new material converter and the production method of the continuous casting bloom according to the embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the stress-strain curve of the NPR bolt or the new material of the anchor cable produced by the NPR bolt or anchor cable new material converter and the production method of the continuous casting bloom according to the embodiment of the present invention.
  • a NPR anchor rod or anchor cable new material converter and a production method for continuous casting blooms.
  • the elements of the NPR anchor rod or anchor cable and their mass percentages are provided.
  • the contents are C: 0.4-0.9%, Mn: 14-22%, Al: 0-4%, Cr: 0.1-10%, Si: 0.1-3%, NPR crystal 0-2%, Ca: 0.01-0.25 %, Cu: ⁇ 0.09%, Ni: ⁇ 0.09%, S: ⁇ 0.001%, P: ⁇ 0.001%, the rest are Fe and inevitable impurity elements
  • the production method includes the following steps:
  • Converter steelmaking process S1 According to the batching requirements, the molten iron and scrap steel that meet the requirements of the new material composition of NPR bolts or anchor cables are added to the converter, slag-forming agent is added during the smelting process, and the top-bottom re-blowing mode is used for normal smelting.
  • the converter ends When the molten steel composition (C, P, O, etc.) and temperature are hit, the blowing is stopped, the molten steel is deoxidized during the tapping process, and the temperature of the molten steel after tapping is controlled;
  • LF refining process S2 Transport the ladle after tapping from the converter to the refining workshop.
  • the alloy is added with the new material composition of the NPR bolt or anchor cable as the target composition, and the composition of the molten steel is adjusted and stably controlled (C , Mn, Al, Si, Cr, etc.) to the target range, add 0-2% NPR crystals to the molten steel at the end of the refining process, and remove the dissolved gases and inclusions in the molten steel by blowing argon at the bottom of the ladle during the refining process;
  • Bloom continuous casting process S3 inject the molten steel from the LF refining process into the tundish, then distribute the molten steel to each mold of the continuous casting machine to make it solidify and crystallize, pull out the steel billet in the mold and control the drawing speed , During the continuous casting process, the whole process protection pouring technology is used to prevent the molten steel from oxidizing and inhaling;
  • Steel rolling heating process S4 the billet produced in the bloom continuous casting process is transferred to a heating furnace for heating, and the billet is released after heating;
  • Rolling process S5 of steel rolling transfer the heated billet after descaling by high-pressure water to the rolling production line for rapid rolling, control the starting rolling temperature, finishing rolling temperature and rolling speed, and naturally cool the billet to room temperature after hot rolling treatment .
  • the bloom continuous casting process has high production efficiency and high yield; and the bloom continuous casting process also matches the characteristics of the NPR material. , can be produced by continuous casting process.
  • the invention overcomes the problems of low yield, high production cost, low production efficiency and the like in the production technology of NPR anchor rod or new material of anchor cable by adopting intermediate frequency smelting and mold casting process route in the prior art.
  • the NPR wire rod prepared by testing the NPR anchor rod or the new anchor cable material bloom process has a yield strength of 900MPa and an elongation of 30%; as shown in Figure 2, the diameter of the NPR anchor rod with a diameter of 16mm and an effective original length of 843mm , Yield force 190KN, breaking force 216KN, displacement 224mm.
  • the production method involved in the present invention realizes the large-scale continuous production of the new material of the NPR anchor rod or the anchor cable, and the production efficiency is effectively improved. According to preliminary calculation, its production cost is reduced by about 1,500 yuan/ton of steel compared with intermediate frequency mold casting, which can greatly reduce production costs and improve economic benefits.
  • Mn Mainly austenitization forming element, can reduce stacking fault energy, it is also a good deoxidizer and desulfurizer, containing a certain amount of manganese can eliminate or weaken the brittleness caused by sulfur.
  • Containing a certain amount of Al can improve the delayed cracking performance of the material during the service process, and at the same time improve the processing performance of the steel.
  • Chromium can improve the strength and hardness of NPR bolts or new anchor cables, reduce elongation and section shrinkage, and contain a certain amount of chromium, which can improve the strength of the material and improve the corrosion resistance at the same time.
  • Si It does not form carbides in steel, and exists in ferrite or austenite in the form of solid solution, which significantly improves the elastic limit, yield strength and yield ratio of steel, so the content is low, so the range of Si is selected. at ⁇ 0.1%.
  • NPR crystal A certain amount of NPR crystal can improve the plastic transfer mode of the material in the process of plastic deformation and improve the strain concentration phenomenon when the material is fractured at a rapid rate, thereby improving its ability to absorb deformation energy.
  • Ca A certain amount of calcium can desulfurize and deoxidize to refine grains, change the composition, quantity and shape of non-metallic inclusions, improve the fluidity of molten steel, as well as the hardness and lasting strength of steel.
  • Cu The addition of a trace amount of copper can improve the strength and yield ratio of steel.
  • Nickel can improve the strength, toughness and hardenability of steel, and a certain amount of nickel can improve the strength and toughness.
  • P, S As harmful elements, the lower the content, the better. If the content of S is too high, a large number of MnS inclusions will be formed, which will reduce the ductility and toughness of the steel. Therefore, the lower the content, the better. Therefore, the range of S is selected to be ⁇ 0.001%; The impact performance is greatly reduced, so the lower the content, the better, so the range of P is selected to be ⁇ 0.001%.
  • the molten iron that meets the composition requirements of NPR bolts or anchor cables is required to go through the steps of slagging, desulfurization and dephosphorization before being added to the converter.
  • P ⁇ 0.1%, S ⁇ 0.03%, and Si are 0.30% to 0.50%.
  • argon gas is bottom-blown in the whole process, and the bottom-blowing flow rate is controlled to be 5-50NL/(min ⁇ t).
  • the whole process protection pouring technology includes the following steps (the steps are not in order, and the order can be selectively adjusted or performed simultaneously):
  • Ladle cover is set on the ladle
  • the molten steel injection part of the continuous casting machine tundish is protected by a sealing gasket, and the top of the molten steel in the tundish is protected by a double layer of thermal insulation thin slag agent and carbonized rice husk;
  • the entire nozzle of the tundish is immersed below the molten steel level of the mold.
  • electromagnetic stirring is arranged at the segment of the drawn billet, and this step is to improve the segregation of central alloy elements and the like.
  • the section of the bloom is: 280mm*380mm.

Abstract

一种NPR锚杆或锚索材料转炉及连铸大方坯的生产方法，NPR锚杆或锚索材料的元素及其质量百分含量为C：0.4～0.9％，Mn：14～22％，Al：0～4％，Cr：0.1～10％，Si：0.1～3％，NPR晶体0～2％，Ca：0.01～0.25％，Cu：≤0.09％，Ni：≤0.09％，S：≤0.001％，P：≤0.001％，其余为Fe和不可避免的杂质元素；所述生产方法包括以下工序：转炉炼钢工序；LF精炼工序；大方坯连铸工序；轧钢的加热工序；轧钢的轧制工序。该生产方法有效地降低了生产成本，提高了生产效率。

Description

[根据细则37.2由ISA制定的发明名称]　NPR锚杆或锚索材料转炉及连铸大方坯的生产方法 技术领域
本发明涉及岩石力学用钢材技术领域，具体而言，涉及一种NPR锚杆或锚索新材料转炉及连铸大方坯的生产方法。
背景技术
随着采矿及隧道深度的大幅延伸，由于受高地应力、高地温、高岩溶水压和开挖扰动等复杂地质条件的影响，工程岩体大都表现为软岩大变形力学状态，因此，巷道\隧道围岩都表现出大变形破坏的特点，具体表现为软岩大变形、岩爆大变形、瓦斯突出大变形等。针对以上大变形问题，目前，国内外广泛采用传统锚杆、锚索、U型钢可缩支架等传统材料为基础的支护方式。但是，这些支护材料均属于传统泊松比材料(PR材料)，即拉伸破断时会产生变形局部化的颈缩现象，因此PR材料变形量小，强度、延伸率及拉伸位移等性能均较低，已经不能适应深部巷道\隧道围岩非线性大变形破坏特征，在受到冲击载荷作用下瞬间达到其屈服强度出现材料破断失效，而失去承载防护能力，从而造成巷道\隧道多次返修、钢架扭曲变形、浇注混凝土开裂等破坏现象，导致地下突发性工程灾害和重大恶性事故日益增多，如岩爆、冲击地压、瓦斯爆炸、巷道围岩大变形等给国家和人民生命财产安全造成了重大损失。因此，随着巷道\隧道深度的不断增加也给深部围岩支护材料的研究提出了严峻的挑战，亟需开发新的支护材料。
现有技术中公开的NPR锚杆或锚索钢材料的生产方法，一般是通过采用中频冶炼、模具浇铸工艺路线进行NPR锚杆或锚索新材料的生产，然而现有技术中的生产方法存在成材率低，生产成本高，生产效率低等问题。因此，开发新型NPR锚杆或锚索新材料大规模、低成本且可以连续生产的工艺流程已成为钢铁材料行业亟待解决的难题。
发明内容
本发明实施例中提供一种NPR锚杆或锚索新材料转炉及连铸大方坯的生产方法，以解决现有技术中NPR锚杆或锚索钢材料的生产方法生产成本高、生产效率低的问题。
为实现上述目的，本发明提供了一种NPR锚杆或锚索新材料转炉及连铸大方坯的生产方法，所述NPR锚杆或锚索的元素及其质量百分含量分别为C：0.4～0.9％，Mn：14～22％，Al：0～4％，Cr：0.1～10％，Si：0.1～3％，NPR晶体0～2％，Ca：0.01～0.25％，Cu：≤0.09％，Ni：≤0.09％，S：≤0.001％，P：≤0.001％，其余为Fe和不可避免的杂质元素，生产方法包括以下工序：
转炉炼钢工序：按照配料要求将符合NPR锚杆或锚索新材料成分要求的铁水和废钢一起加入至转炉，冶炼过程加入造渣剂，采用顶底复吹模式进行正常冶炼，当转炉终点命中钢液成分及温度时停止吹炼，出钢过程中进行钢液脱氧；
LF精炼工序：将转炉出钢后的钢包运至精炼车间，通过实时监测钢液成分，以NPR锚杆或锚索新材料成分为目标成分进行合金添加，调整并稳定控制钢液成分至目标范围内，精炼末期向钢液中加入0～2％的NPR晶体，精炼过程中通过钢包底吹氩气去除钢液中溶解的气体和夹杂物；
大方坯连铸工序：将经LF精炼工序的钢液注入中间包，然后将钢液分配至连铸机的各结晶器使之凝固结晶，将结晶器中的钢坯拉出并控制拉坯速度，连铸过程中对钢液采用全程保护浇注技术防止钢液氧化和吸气；
轧钢的加热工序：将大方坯连铸工序生产的钢坯转入加热炉进行加热，当钢坯加热后出炉；
轧钢的轧制工序：将加热完毕经高压水除鳞后的钢坯传送至轧制生产线进行快速轧制，控制开轧温度、终轧温度和轧制速度，钢坯热轧处理后自然冷却至室温。
进一步地，按照配料要求将符合NPR锚杆或锚索新材料成分要求的铁水在加入至转炉前，需经过扒渣、脱硫、脱磷的步骤工序，按照配料要求将符合NPR锚杆或锚索新材料成分要求的铁水成分中的P<0.1％，S<0.03％，Si为0.30％～0.50％。
进一步地，在所述LF精炼工序中，全程底吹氩气，底吹流量控制为5-50NL/(min·t)。
进一步地，所述全程保护浇注技术包括以下步骤：钢包上设置钢包盖；钢包向连铸机中间包注入钢水时先在钢包与连铸机中间包之间加套管；连铸机中间包的钢水注入处加密封垫保护，中间包的钢水的上面采用保温稀渣剂与碳化稻壳双层保护；中间包的水口整体浸入至结晶器的钢水液面以下。
进一步地，所述大方坯连铸工序的连铸过程中，在拉坯的扇形段处设置电磁搅拌。
进一步地，所述大方坯连铸工序的连铸过程中，大方坯的断面为：280mm*380mm。
采用本发明的NPR锚杆或锚索新材料转炉及连铸大方坯的生产方法，大方坯连铸工序的生产效率高，成材率高；而且大方坯连铸工序也与NPR材料的特性相匹配，能够通过连铸工序进行生产。克服了现有技术中采用中频冶炼、模具浇铸工艺路线进行NPR锚杆或锚索新材料的生产技术中，模具浇铸存在成材率低，生产成本高，生产效率低等问题。通过检测生产出的NPR锚杆或锚索新材料大方坯工艺制备的NPR线棒材，其屈服强度为900MPa，延伸率为30％；如图2，直径为16mm有效原长843mm的NPR锚杆，屈服力190KN，破断力216KN，位移224mm。相比于其它生产工艺，本发明涉及的生产方法实现了NPR锚杆或锚索新材料的大规模连续生产，生产效率得到了有效地提高。初步核算其生产成本相对与中频模具浇铸降低约1500元/吨钢，可大幅降低生产成本，提高经济效益。
附图说明
图1是本发明实施例的NPR锚杆或锚索新材料转炉及连铸大方坯的生产方法的流程示意图。
图2是本发明实施例的NPR锚杆或锚索新材料转炉及连铸大方坯的生产方法生产的NPR锚杆或锚索新材料的应力应变曲线示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明作进一步详细描述，但不作为对本发明的限定。
参见图1所示，根据本发明的实施例，提供了一种NPR锚杆或锚索新材料转炉及连铸大方坯的生产方法，所述NPR锚杆或锚索的元素及其质量百分含量分别为C：0.4～0.9％，Mn：14～22％，Al：0～4％，Cr：0.1～10％，Si：0.1～3％，NPR晶体0～2％，Ca：0.01～0.25％，Cu：≤0.09％，Ni：≤0.09％，S：≤0.001％，P：≤0.001％，其余为Fe和不可避免的杂质元素，生产方法包括以下工序：
转炉炼钢工序S1：按照配料要求将符合NPR锚杆或锚索新材料成分要求的铁水和废钢一起加入至转炉，冶炼过程加入造渣剂，采用顶底复吹模式进行正常冶炼，当转炉终点命中钢液成分(C、P、O等)及温度时停止吹炼，出钢过程中进行钢液脱氧，并控制出钢后钢液温度；
LF精炼工序S2：将转炉出钢后的钢包运至精炼车间，通过实时监测钢液成分，以NPR锚杆或锚索新材料成分为目标成分进行合金添加，调整并稳定控制钢液成分(C、Mn、Al、Si、Cr等)至目标范围内，精炼末期向钢液中加入0～2％的NPR晶体，精炼过程中通过钢包底吹氩气去除钢液中溶解的气体和夹杂物；
大方坯连铸工序S3：将经LF精炼工序的钢液注入中间包，然后将钢液分配至连铸机的各结晶器使之凝固结晶，将结晶器中的钢坯拉出并控制拉坯速度，连铸过程中对钢液采用全程保护浇注技术防止钢液氧化和吸气；
轧钢的加热工序S4：将大方坯连铸工序生产的钢坯转入加热炉进行加热，当钢坯加热后出炉；
轧钢的轧制工序S5：将加热完毕经高压水除鳞后的钢坯传送至轧制生产线进行快速轧制，控制开轧温度、终轧温度和轧制速度，钢坯热轧处理后自然冷却至室温。
采用本发明的NPR锚杆或锚索新材料转炉及连铸大方坯的生产方法，大方坯连铸工序的生产效率高，成材率高；而且大方坯连铸工序也与NPR材料的特性相匹配，能够通过连铸工序进行生产。克服了现有技术中采用中频冶炼、模具浇铸工艺路线进行NPR锚杆或锚索新材 料的生产技术中，模具浇铸存在成材率低，生产成本高，生产效率低等问题。通过检测生产出的NPR锚杆或锚索新材料大方坯工艺制备的NPR线棒材，其屈服强度为900MPa，延伸率为30％；如图2，直径为16mm有效原长843mm的NPR锚杆，屈服力190KN，破断力216KN，位移224mm。相比于其它生产工艺，本发明涉及的生产方法实现了NPR锚杆或锚索新材料的大规模连续生产，生产效率得到了有效地提高。初步核算其生产成本相对与中频模具浇铸降低约1500元/吨钢，可大幅降低生产成本，提高经济效益。
对本发明种要生产的NPR锚杆或锚索新材料组分进行说明：
C：保障NPR锚杆或锚索新材料在塑形变形过程有足够高的强度，选择0.4～0.9％使其塑性和韧性保持原有水平，保证冲击性能恶化。
Mn：主要是奥氏体化形成元素，可降低层错能，其又是良好的脱氧剂和脱硫剂，含有一定量的锰可以消除或减弱因硫引起的脆性。
Al：含有一定量的Al可以改善材料在服役过程种的延迟开裂性能，同时改善钢的加工性能。
Cr：铬能提高NPR锚杆或锚索新材料的强度和硬度，降低伸长率和断面收缩率，含一定量的铬，可以提高材料的强度，同时改善抗腐蚀性能。
Si：在钢中不形成碳化物，是以固溶体的形态存在于铁素体或者奥氏体中，显著提高钢的弹性极限、屈服强度和屈强比，故含量偏低，所以选择Si的范围在≤0.1％。
NPR晶体：一定量的NPR晶体可改善材料在塑形变形过程中的塑形传递方式并改善材料拉速断裂破坏时的应变集中现象，从而提高其吸收变形能量的能力。
Ca：一定量的钙可以脱硫脱氧细化晶粒，改变非金属夹杂物的成分、数量和形态，改善钢水的流动性，以及钢的硬度和持久强度。
Cu：微量铜的加入可以提高钢的强度和屈强比。
Ni：镍能提高钢的强度、韧性、淬透性，含一定量的镍，可以改善强度和韧性。
P、S：作为有害元素，其含量越低越好。S含量过高，会形成大量的MnS夹杂，降低钢材的延展性和韧性，因此含量越低越好，所以 选择S的范围在≦0.001％；P易在晶界偏析，增加钢的脆性，使冲击性能大幅降低，因此含量越低越好，所以选择P的范围在≦0.001％。
优选地，按照配料要求将符合NPR锚杆或锚索新材料成分要求的铁水在加入至转炉前，需经过扒渣、脱硫、脱磷的步骤工序，按照配料要求将符合NPR锚杆或锚索新材料成分要求的铁水成分中的P<0.1％，S<0.03％，Si为0.30％～0.50％。
优选地，在所述LF精炼工序中，全程底吹氩气，底吹流量控制为5-50NL/(min·t)。
需要特别说明的是，所述全程保护浇注技术包括以下步骤(步骤不分先后，可选择性地调整顺序或者同时进行)：
钢包上设置钢包盖；
钢包向连铸机中间包注入钢水时先在钢包与连铸机中间包之间加套管；
连铸机中间包的钢水注入处加密封垫保护，中间包的钢水的上面采用保温稀渣剂与碳化稻壳双层保护；
中间包的水口整体浸入至结晶器的钢水液面以下。
优选地，所述大方坯连铸工序的连铸过程中，在拉坯的扇形段处设置电磁搅拌，此步骤是为了改善中心合金元素等偏析。
优选地，所述大方坯连铸工序的连铸过程中，大方坯的断面为：280mm*380mm。
需要注意的是，这里所使用的术语仅是为了描述具体实施方式，而非意图限制根据本申请的示例性实施方式。如在这里所使用的，除非上下文另外明确指出，否则单数形式也意图包括复数形式，此外，还应当理解的是，当在本说明书中使用术语“包含”和/或“包括”时，其指明存在特征、步骤、工作、器件、组件和/或它们的组合。
当然，以上是本发明的优选实施方式。应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明基本原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims (6)

  1. 一种NPR锚杆或锚索新材料转炉及连铸大方坯的生产方法，所述NPR锚杆或锚索的元素及其质量百分含量分别为C：0.4～0.9％，Mn：14～22％，Al：0～4％，Cr：0.1～10％，Si：0.1～3％，NPR晶体0～2％，Ca：0.01～0.25％，Cu：≤0.09％，Ni：≤0.09％，S：≤0.001％，P：≤0.001％，其余为Fe和不可避免的杂质元素，其特征在于，生产方法包括以下工序：
    转炉炼钢工序：按照配料要求将符合NPR锚杆或锚索新材料成分要求的铁水和废钢一起加入至转炉，冶炼过程加入造渣剂，采用顶底复吹模式进行正常冶炼，当转炉终点命中钢液成分及温度时停止吹炼，出钢过程中进行钢液脱氧；
    LF精炼工序：将转炉出钢后的钢包运至精炼车间，通过实时监测钢液成分，以NPR锚杆或锚索新材料成分为目标成分进行合金添加，调整并稳定控制钢液成分至目标范围内，精炼末期向钢液中加入0～2％的NPR晶体，精炼过程中通过钢包底吹氩气去除钢液中溶解的气体和夹杂物；
    大方坯连铸工序：将经LF精炼工序的钢液注入中间包，然后将钢液分配至连铸机的各结晶器使之凝固结晶，将结晶器中的钢坯拉出并控制拉坯速度，连铸过程中对钢液采用全程保护浇注技术防止钢液氧化和吸气；
    轧钢的加热工序：将大方坯连铸工序生产的钢坯转入加热炉进行加热，当钢坯加热后出炉；
    轧钢的轧制工序：将加热完毕经高压水除鳞后的钢坯传送至轧制生产线进行快速轧制，控制开轧温度、终轧温度和轧制速度，钢坯热轧处理后自然冷却至室温。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的生产方法，其特征在于，按照配料要求将符合NPR锚杆或锚索新材料成分要求的铁水在加入至转炉前，需经过扒渣、脱硫、脱磷的步骤工序，按照配料要求将符合NPR锚杆或锚索新材料成分要求的铁水成分中的P<0.1％，S<0.03％，Si为0.30％～0.50％。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的生产方法，其特征在于，在所述LF精炼工序中，全程底吹氩气，底吹流量控制为5-50NL/(min·t)。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的生产方法，其特征在于，所述全程保护浇注技术包括以下步骤：
    钢包上设置钢包盖；
    钢包向连铸机中间包注入钢水时先在钢包与连铸机中间包之间加套管；
    连铸机中间包的钢水注入处加密封垫保护，中间包的钢水的上面采用保温稀渣剂与碳化稻壳双层保护；
    中间包的水口整体浸入至结晶器的钢水液面以下。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的生产方法，其特征在于，所述大方坯连铸工序的连铸过程中，在拉坯的扇形段处设置电磁搅拌。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的生产方法，其特征在于，所述大方坯连铸工序的连铸过程中，大方坯的断面为：280mm*380mm。
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JPS59159969A (ja) * 1983-03-03 1984-09-10 Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd 高強度高靭性チエ−ン用鋼材
CN1418977A (zh) * 2001-11-30 2003-05-21 莱芜钢铁集团有限公司 高强度高韧性锚杆钢筋合金钢及其生产方法
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