WO2022094661A1

WO2022094661A1 - Extraction process and apparatus

Info

Publication number: WO2022094661A1
Application number: PCT/AU2021/051301
Authority: WO
Inventors: Ashley Dowell; Jeffrey Allen; Matthew Turner; Simon PETTINGER; Scott Ramsay
Original assignee: Cymra Life Sciences Limited
Priority date: 2020-11-05
Filing date: 2021-11-04
Publication date: 2022-05-12

Abstract

Disclosed are methods of extracting products from cannabis. One method includes placing the cannabis in a container and extracting two or more different products using different solvents in at least two separate steps. The method may use steam as one of the solvents and may also involve the subsequent drying of the extracted cannabis. The method can be used with freshly harvested or dried cannabis. The feedstock cannabis is maintained in the container throughout the multiple extraction steps. Apparatus is also disclosed for use in performing the methods described.

Description

EXTRACTION PROCESS AND APPARATUS

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates generally to methods and apparatus for extracting products from cannabis.

Background Art

[0002] Cannabis plants are grown in various environments including indoors, greenhouses, and outdoors. Once a plant has matured, it will typically be harvested by hand. Machine harvesting is also known.

[0003] A common post-harvest stage in a traditional cannabis farming is drying. The plants are usually hung to dry in specialty clean/dry rooms, which have accurate temperature and humidity controls. Drying/curing generally can take 10-21 days. Despite being a relatively simple process, there are some relatively common problems encountered when drying the plants, such as mould development and pest infestation.

[0004] After drying, the plants can be further processed. For example, a next step might involve removing the flower bud that can contain higher concentrations of target products from the fibrous stem. That can be done by hand with scissors or by a machine known as a debudding machine. For example, the stem may be fed through a hole that pulls the stem though and strips off the bud.

[0005] The flower buds may include outer leaves (known as sugar leaves) and a tighter internal bud. Tight buds are considered more attractive and fetch a higher price on the recreation drug market. The sugar leaves have fewer cannabinoids but high terpene levels.

[0006] The application diversity of cannabis derived products is only now being realised, with cannabis derived medicinal products entering mainstream commercialisation. Use of cannabis and cannabis derived products as a recreation drug is also becoming legalised in many countries. [0007] On the back of such commercial interest, considerable research and development is being performed to better understand the range of compounds produced by cannabis, the medical application of such compounds and also to identify new applications for cannabis extracts and extracted cannabis.

[0008] An important part of such research and development is methodology for extracting products from the cannabis.

[0009] Three types of extraction processes commonly used in the art include CO2, Ethanol and Hydrocarbon- based extraction systems, with their names being based on the solvent used in the process.

[0010] CCh-based extraction is a common method for extracting cannabis oil that relies on the use of so-called supercritical CO2. However the cannabis oil extarcted by this process typically also includes waxes, lipids, fats, and other material that often warrents the need for the old to be subjected to further processing using an ethanol-based extraction process. CO2 extraction systems typically have a small capacity and don’t scale well for commercial production. They also require complex and expensive equipemnt to generate the supercritical CO2.

[0011] Ethanol-based extraction is perhaps the most common process employed and is very effiecent at extracting cannabinoids. However, the process also extracts many other non-target products that typically need to be removed from the extract using one or more further processing steps.

[0012] Hydocarbon-based extraction typically uses a mix of one or more of butane, propane and methane as the solvent. While such extractions can proceed faster than CC -based extractions, they require specialised equipment and safety precautions due to the flammable/gaseous nature of the solvent. Care must be taken to ensure no flamable solvent is remains in the final product.

[0013] An opportunity therefore remains to develop new methodology for extracting products from cannabis that addresses or ameliorates one or more shortcomings associated with conventional methodology, or at the very least provides for a useful alternative. Summary of Invention

[0014] The present invention provides a method of extracting multiple products from cannabis, the method comprising: providing cannabis in a container; introducing a first extraction solvent into the container and maintaining the cannabis in contact with the first extraction solvent so as to promote extraction of a first product from the cannabis into the first extraction solvent and produce solvent extracted cannabis; removing from the container the first extraction solvent comprising the extracted first product while retaining the solvent extracted cannabis in the container; introducing into the container with the solvent extracted cannabis a second extraction solvent that is different from the first extraction solvent; and maintaining the solvent extracted cannabis in contact with the second extraction solvent so as to promote extraction of a second product from the cannabis into the second extraction solvent, wherein the second product has a different composition to the first product.

[0015] It has now been found products can be efficiently and selectively extracted from cannabis using methodology that involves applying multiple extractions to the same source of cannabis using different extraction solvents. The use of different extraction solvents advantageously enables enhanced product extraction selectivity.

[0016] Notably, product extraction selectivity provided by the method of the invention can be achieved without the need for complex and expensive equipment as the method of the invention is not performed using supercritical fluid extraction. Furthermore, the method of the invention can advantageously be performed using relatively safe and common solvents at lab scale through to industrial scale.

[0017] For avoidance of any doubt, the extraction solvents used in accordance with the invention are not supercritical fluids.

[0018] According to the method of the invention, cannabis is exposed to a first extraction solvent so as to extract a first product. The first extraction solvent will typically be chosen to selectively extract the first product having a desired composition. In a subsequent step, a second extraction solvent is used to extract a second product. The second extraction solvent is different to the first extraction solvent and will typically chosen to selectively extract the second product having a desired composition that is different to the first product. Notably, the second product is extracted from the source of cannabis from which the previous first product had been extracted.

[0019] Applying multiple different extraction solvents to the same source of cannabis advantageously enables products to be selectively extracted from the cannabis, which in turn minimises or avoids altogether downstream processing of the extracts.

[0020] The method of the invention can advantageously be performed using cannabis having any water content (i.e. freshly harvested of dried).

[0021] In an embodiment, the method further comprises: removing from the container the second extraction solvent comprising the second product while retaining the solvent extracted cannabis in the container, introducing into the container with the solvent extracted cannabis a third extraction solvent that is different from the first extraction solvent and the second extraction solvent; and maintaining the solvent extracted cannabis in contact with the third extraction solvent so as to promote extraction of a third product from the cannabis into the third extraction solvent, wherein the third product has a different composition to the first product and the second product.

[0022] For avoidance of any doubt, the reference to a first, second, third etc extraction solvents and products used in or derived from the method of the invention is not intended to define limiting sequential numerical occurrences, but rather occurrences that occur in merely a subsequent step (i.e. not necessarily in the next step). For example, the first extraction solvent might be used in two sequential extraction steps, which is then followed by using the second extraction solvent. In that case, the second extraction solvent is used in the overall third extraction step.

[0023] Accordingly, if desired a given extraction solvent (e.g. a first, second, third etc extraction solvent) can be used multiple times. For example, the method may involve using sequentially a first, first, second, second, third, and fourth extraction solvent.

[0024] In other words, provided the method makes use of at least a first and a second extraction solvent as herein described, the use of those extraction solvents does not have to correspond to the actual first and second extractions per se undertaken. [0025] In an embodiment, the first extraction solvent is steam.

[0026] In another embodiment, the first extraction solvent is a liquid solvent selected from C5- C10 alkanes (e.g. pentane, hexane, heptane, octane, nonane and decane), diethylether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, dichloromethane, acetone, acetonitrile, C1-C6 alcohols (e.g. methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, pentanol and hexanol), C2-C4 diols, (e.g. ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, and butylene glycol), water, vegetable oil, glycerine (e.g. vegetable glycerine) and ethyl lactate.

[0027] In a further embodiment, the second extraction solvent is a liquid solvent selected from C5-C10 alkanes (e.g. pentane, hexane, heptane, octane, nonane and decane), diethylether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, dichloromethane, acetone, acetonitrile, C1-C6 alcohols (e.g. methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, pentanol and hexanol), C2-C4 diols, (e.g. ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, and butylene glycol), water, vegetable oil, glycerine (e.g. vegetable glycerine) and ethyl lactate.

[0028] The present invention also provides a method of producing a dried cannabis product, the method comprising: providing cannabis in a container; introducing steam into the container and maintaining the cannabis in contact with the steam so as to promote extraction of a first product from the cannabis into the steam and produce steam extracted cannabis; and drying the steam extracted cannabis to produce the dried cannabis product.

[0029] In an embodiment, the steam extracted cannabis is dried by freeze-drying.

[0030] In an embodiment, the dried cannabis product is processed into a powder.

[0031] In an embodiment, at least a portion of the first product is blended with the dried cannabis product.

[0032] In an embodiment, the dried cannabis product is contained within an edible capsule.

[0033] In an embodiment, the cannabis is provided in the container in a substantially fresh or non-dehydrated state. [0034] In an embodiment, the cannabis is frozen immediately following harvesting and the cannabis is stored in a frozen state until it is subsequently placed into the container.

[0035] The present invention also provides an apparatus for extracting multiple products from cannabis, the apparatus comprising: a container configured for receiving the cannabis to be extracted; a steam line for introducing steam into the container to enable steam extraction of the cannabis and the production of steam extract; a liquid solvent line for introducing liquid solvent into the container to enable liquid solvent extraction of the cannabis and the production of liquid solvent extract; and an outlet in the container for releasing the steam extract and liquid solvent extract; wherein the container is detachable from the apparatus.

[0036] In an embodiment, the steam line and the liquid solvent line are connected to the container as separate lines. In other words, the container has connected to it a dedicated steam line and a dedicated liquid solvent line.

[0037] In an embodiment, the container comprises a mesh through which the steam and liquid solvent must pass before being released through the outlet.

[0038] In an embodiment, the container is configured to be optionally sealed when detached from the apparatus.

[0039] In an embodiment, the steam line and the liquid solvent line are connected to a base, wherein the base can be connected to and detached from the container.

[0040] In an embodiment, the outlet is part of an end cap, wherein the end cap can be connected to and detached from the container.

[0041] In an embodiment, the apparatus further comprises a condenser selectively in fluid communication with the outlet.

[0042] In an embodiment, the apparatus further comprises a decantation device in fluid communication with an outlet of the condenser.

[0043] In an embodiment, the container is constructed substantially from stainless steel and is substantially cylindrical. [0044] In an embodiment, the apparatus is configured to optionally receive multiple containers.

[0045] The present invention further provides a method for processing plant-based material harvested from one or more cannabis plants, the method comprising the steps of: placing the material in a container; and performing a processing operation on the material, wherein the material remains within the container throughout the processing operation; wherein the processing operation comprises a plurality of stages.

[0046] In an embodiment, each of the stages of the processing operation comprises the steps of: coupling a processing head with the container; performing a processing action; and decoupling the processing head from the container.

[0047] In an embodiment, the container is sealed when there is no processing head coupled with the container.

[0048] In an embodiment, the processing operation is automated.

[0049] In an embodiment, one or more of the stages of the processing operation comprises extracting one or more components of the material from the container.

[0050] In an embodiment, the processing operation comprises a decarboxylation stage.

[0051] In an embodiment, the processing operation comprises a steam distillation stage.

[0052] In an embodiment, the processing operation comprises a column chromatography stage.

[0053] In an embodiment, the processing operation comprises a high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) stage.

[0054] In an embodiment, the processing operation comprises a percolation stage.

[0055] In an embodiment, the processing operation comprises an ethanol extraction stage.

[0056] In an embodiment, the processing operation comprises an extraction stage that uses ethyl lactate.

[0057] In an embodiment, the processing operation comprises a dry heating stage. [0058] In an embodiment, the processing operation comprises the following order of discrete stages: a steam distillation stage; a dry heating stage; a freezing stage; and an ethanol extraction stage.

[0059] In an embodiment, the processing operation comprises the following order of discrete stages: a distillation stage which removes terpenes and essential oils; a decarboxylation stage; and a drying stage; wherein the material is then encapsulated for consumption.

[0060] In an embodiment, the material is freeze dried prior to being encapsulated for consumption.

[0061] In an embodiment, the removed terpenes are combined with ethanol and freeze dried, before then being blended with the material prior to being encapsulated for consumption.

[0062] In an embodiment, different plants are blended with the material prior to being encapsulated for consumption.

[0063] In an embodiment, the material is placed into the container without having been dehydrated.

[0064] In an embodiment, the material is placed into the container immediately following harvesting of the material.

[0065] In an embodiment, the material is frozen immediately following harvesting of the material and the material is stored in a frozen state until it is subsequently placed into the container.

[0066] The present invention also provides a method for processing plant-based material, the method comprising the steps of: harvesting the material from one or more cannabis plants; and performing a processing operation on the material without first subjecting the cannabis to a dehydration step.

[0067] In an embodiment, the processing operation is performed after placing the material in a container and wherein the material remains within the container throughout the processing operation. [0068] In an embodiment, the processing operation comprises a plurality of stages.

[0069] In an embodiment, the processing operation comprises one or more stages chosen from the group of: a decarboxylation stage; a steam distillation stage; a column chromatography stage; a high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) stage; a percolation stage; an ethanol extraction stage; an extraction stage using ethyl lactate; and a dry heating stage.

[0070] The present invention further provides a container for use in processing plant-based material that is harvested from one or more cannabis plants, the container being configured for receiving the material in an internal cavity, wherein the container comprises a port that enables coupling to external equipment such that a processing operation comprising a plurality of discrete stages can be performed without removing the material from the container.

[0071] In an embodiment, the container comprises a mesh base.

[0072] In an embodiment, the container is configured to receive a solid base that substantially seals the container.

[0073] In an embodiment, the container is constructed substantially from stainless steel.

[0074] In an embodiment, the container is substantially cylindrical.

[0075] The present invention still further provides apparatus for processing plant-based material that is harvested from one or more cannabis plants, that apparatus comprising a container as defined herein, the apparatus further comprising a plurality of processing heads that effect the processing operation, wherein each of the processing heads is configured to: couple with the port of the container; perform a stage of the processing operation; and decouple from the container.

[0076] In an embodiment, each of the processing heads performs a different stage of the processing operation.

[0077] In an embodiment, the container is sealed when there is no processing head coupled with the container. [0078] In an embodiment, the processing operation is automated.

[0079] In an embodiment, the apparatus further comprises a carousel for holding the container and transferring between processing heads.

[0080] In an embodiment, a temperature of the container can be regulated anywhere in the range of -100°C to 110°C.

[0081] In an embodiment, the container can be rocked, agitated, and/or shaken.

[0082] In an embodiment, one or more of the processing heads can apply pressure to the internal cavity of the container.

[0083] In an embodiment, one or more of the processing heads can apply vacuum to the internal cavity of the container.

[0084] In an embodiment, one or more of the stages of the processing operation comprises extracting one or more components of the material from the container.

[0085] In an embodiment, the processing operation comprises one or more stages chosen from the group of: a decarboxylation stage; a steam distillation stage; a column chromatography stage; a high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) stage; a percolation stage; an ethanol extraction stage; an extraction stage using ethyl lactate; and a dry heating stage.

[0086] In an embodiment, the processing operation comprises the following discrete stages: a steam distillation stage; a dry heating stage; a freezing stage; and an ethanol extraction stage.

[0087] In an embodiment, the container is configured to receive the material immediately following harvesting of the material.

[0088] In an embodiment, the container is configured to receive material that is frozen immediately following harvesting of the material and stored in a frozen state until it is subsequently placed into the container. [0089] The present invention also provides apparatus for use during harvesting of plant-based material from one or more cannabis plants, the apparatus comprising a trolley that comprises: a deflowerer; a mill; and a container; wherein the container is substantially as defined herein.

[0090] In an embodiment, the trolley is configured to perform the following steps: receive a portion of a cannabis plant; remove desired material from unwanted material; mill the desired material; and supply the desired material to the container.

[0091] In an embodiment, the trolley performs the steps without any manual handling of the material.

[0092] It will be appreciated that the broad forms of the invention and their respective features can be used in conjunction and/or independently, and reference to separate broad forms is not intended to be limiting. Furthermore, it will be appreciated that features of the method can be performed using the system or apparatus and that features of the system or apparatus can be implemented using the method.

Brief Description of Drawings

[0093] Various examples and embodiments of the present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: -

[0094] Figure 1 is a cross sectional side view of a container according to an example embodiment of the invention;

[0095] Figure 2 is a schematic representation of a method according to another example embodiment of the invention;

[0096] Figure 3 is a schematic representation of an apparatus layout according to another example embodiment of the invention;

[0097] Figure 4 is a schematic representation of the apparatus layout from Figure 3 illustrating a steam extraction stage;

[0098] Figure 5 is a schematic representation of the apparatus layout from Figure 3 illustrating a liquid solvent extraction stage; and [0099] Figure 6 is a schematic representation of the apparatus layout from Figure 3 illustrating a liquid solvent collection step.

Description of Embodiments

[0100] The following modes, given by way of example only, are described in order to provide a more precise understanding of the subject matter of an embodiment or embodiments.

[0101] In the Figures, incorporated to illustrate features of an example embodiment, like reference numerals are used to identify like parts throughout the Figures.

[0102] Throughout the specification the terms “cannabis”, “cannabis material”, “hemp” or simply “material” being processed or extracted is intended to broadly relate to any plant or part thereof in the cannabis and/or related families, including but not limited to cannabis sativa, cannabis indica, or cannabis ruderalis. Depending on the particular application and/or method being used, the desired component(s) may be a product extracted from the cannabis, the remaining portion of the cannabis material itself (i.e. extracted cannabis), or some combination.

[0103] A “product” or “products” extracted from cannabis as described herein is intended to mean a compound or a mixture of different compounds. In accordance with the invention an extracted product produced in one extraction has a different composition to the extracted product produced in a previous or subsequent different extraction step. For example, the first extraction product has a different composition to the second extraction product, or the second extraction product has a different composition to the third extraction product, etc. By having a “different composition” is intended to mean a given extraction product contains one or more different compounds compared to those contained in another extraction product, and/or where a given extraction product contains a different ratio of one or more compounds compared to those contained in another extraction product. Extracted cannabis is intended to mean cannabis that has had one or more products extracted from it.

[0104] Examples of compounds or classes of compounds that can be extracted from cannabis and therefore might form part of extract product produced in accordance with the invention, or might be absent from extracted cannabis product produced in accordance with the invention, include, but are not limited to, terpenes, cannabinoids, waxes, fatty acids, sugars, flavonoids, and chlorophyll

[0105] Specific examples of terpenes include, but are not limited to, myrcene, limonene, linalool, and caryophyllene.

[0106] Specific examples of cannabinoids include, but are not limited to, tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), cannabidiol (CBD), tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (THCA), tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV), cannabigerol (CBG), and cannabinol (CBN).

[0107] Specific examples of waxes include, but are not limited to, complex mixtures that comprise hydrocarbons such as n-heptosane and n-nonasane.

[0108] Specific examples of fatty acids include, but are not limited to, palmitic (hexadecanoic acid) and hexanoic acid, and their conjugate bases and derivatives.

[0109] Specific examples of flavonoids include, but are not limited to, aglycones, glycosides and other derivatives of apigenin, luteolin, kaempferol, and quercetin.

[0110] The method according to the invention advantageously enables selectively extracting multiple (i.e. two or more) different products from cannabis. By "selectively" extracting the two or more different products is meant the extraction solvent used in a given extraction step is chosen to extract from the cannabis certain products while not extracting other products, thereby affording extraction selectivity.

[oni] The method includes the steps of providing the cannabis in a container and performing a processing operation on the cannabis. The cannabis remains in the container throughout the processing operation, even when the processing operation has a plurality of discrete extraction stages.

[0112] The method can advantageously reduce or even remove the need for manual handling of the cannabis during the processing operation. Reducing manual handling can make the processing operation much safer and may also result in much cleaner and/or higher purity extracts from the processing operation. Traditional production processes have inherent risks due to the amount of contact between people and the plant material, which can carry pests and pathogen risks. By retaining the cannabis in the container throughout the processing operation, however, such risks can be reduced or even removed.

[0113] Additionally, efficiency may be increased and the method may also be more easily scaled when compared to traditional methods.

[0114] Another advantage of the method is that by leaving the cannabis in the container throughout the processing operation, the loss of volatile components of the cannabis can be reduced. For example, there can be significant loss of highly volatile terpenes to the atmosphere and loss of trichomes through physical contact/damage during traditional cannabis processing operations, whereas the present process can reduce that loss, resulting in a more complete product and/or higher yields of desired extracts.

[0115] There is no particular limitation on the shape of the container that can be used provided it can retain the cannabis and enable the cannabis to be extracted by the extraction solvent. For example, the container may present in a tubular shape having at least one sealable opening for introducing the cannabis to be extracted and removing the extracted cannabis. The container will also generally have means, for example an inlet port, for introducing the extraction solvent into the container and also a means, for example an outlet port, for removing the extraction solvent from the container. The means for introducing and removing the extraction solvent into/from the container may be the same or may be separate and located at opposite ends of the container, for example at opposite ends of a tubular structure.

[0116] There is no particular limitation on the size of the container that can be used. The method of the invention can be performed on a laboratory scale and advantageously scaled up through to an industrial scale. For example, the volume of the container might range from about 100 mis or less through to about 1000 ltrs, or about 2000 ltrs, or about 3000 ltrs, or about 4000 ltrs, or about 5000 ltrs.

[0117] One advantageous application of the method enables extraction of more volatile and less prominent compounds. It is understood that possible adjuvant affects may be realised from some full spectrum, whole plant medicines, including those based on cannabis plants. The present method may be used to produce a complete plant extract that could allow access to such desirable properties. By retaining the cannabis in the container throughout the processing operation, the loss of volatile components can advantageously be avoided. The method may also be applied to alter the relative proportions of components in an extract or to isolate some of them for fortification of other extracts. The method also may allow efficient extraction of phytochemicals from all parts of the plant, including stem and leaf.

[0118] In one particularly advantageous form, the processing operation is automated. That is, each of the processing stages and even the transition between the stages can be completed automatically or autonomously, without any intervention being necessary or any manual processing steps or operations.

[0119] One or more of the stages of the processing operation may involve extracting one or more components of the cannabis from the container. These components may be waste products, useful extracts, or a combination of the two that requires further processing. Other stages of the processing operation may only process the cannabis without extracting any components, but may cause some physical and or chemical change to the makeup of the cannabis.

[0120] Those various processing operations that may be performed will now be described in more detail. It will be appreciated that different embodiments of the invention may use one or more of the operations, but that the different embodiments may use different operations depending on the particular extract(s) that is desired, and/or the exact makeup of the input material.

[0121] One of the processing operations may be a decarboxylation stage. This is a chemical reaction that removes a carboxyl group from cannabinoid acids and releases carbon dioxide, thereby forming corresponding neutral cannabinoids, which include primary cannabinoids tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD). This step is useful when it is desired for the final product because the products typically have a different biological activities and effects. For example, decarboxylation of THCA (Tetrahydrocannabinolic acid) is required to produce the known psychoactive effects of cannabis often associated with smoking the dried form of the plant. While THCA is generally present in the plant THC is usually not present in the fresh form of the plant or if so only at small levels, however, which is why this step may be desirable.

[0122] Accordingly, the apparatus may be capable of raising the temperature of the cannabis for a given period of time, thereby providing the necessary conditions for decarboxylation to occur. For example, the temperature may be raised to 85°C for a period of 30-60 minutes. In other examples, the temperature may be raised to 85°C-90°C, 90°C-100°C, 100°C-110°C, or to any other temperature or temperature range as may be suitable. Similarly, the duration of the raised temperature may also be varied as necessary due to the particular temperature and various other factors.

[0123] The processing operations may include one or more separation processes, such as a steam distillation stage or some other fractionation process. The steam distillation process involves providing water in liquid form or steam to the container and distilling the water together with components of the cannabis in the container. In this process, the contents of the container are heated and steam from the boiling water carries the vapor of the components to a condenser. Here, both the steam and the components are cooled and return to liquid or solid state, while other residues remain in the container. In this way, particular components of the cannabis can be extracted. Fractions of volatiles may be collected separately at different times during this process to alter the composition of volatiles for isolation and/or subsequent addition to the subsequent ethanol extract.

[0124] An ethanol extraction stage may be used in situations where it is desirable to separate cannabinoids. In this process, after initial distillation or a wash the contents of the container will have ethanol added to the container where it dissolves these or other target components. The ethanol solution can then be removed from the container and the target compounds separated from the ethanol using known methods.

[0125] Between one or more of the stages described, it may be desirable for a dry heating stage to be used to remove any excess moisture. This step of course can still be achieved without removal of the cannabis from the container being required. The use of load cells on machinery is possible to ascertain the moisture variance during the steam distillation phase before entering the solvent stage. [0126] In one specific example, the processing operation may involve stages in the order of a steam distillation stage, a dry heating stage, a freezing stage, and an ethanol extraction stage. As discussed above, however, many variations to this particular example are possible.

[0127] In another example, the processing operation involves a steam distillation stage which removes terpenes and essential oils, while also serving as a decarboxylation stage due to the temperatures experienced due to the use of steam. The processing operation then involves a drying stage, before then crushing or otherwise reducing the remaining cannabis material to a powder and optionally encapsulating for consumption. The cannabis material may also be freeze dried prior to being turned into a powder and/or encapsulated.

[0128] In yet another example, the removed terpenes could be combined with ethanol and freeze dried, before then being blended with the cannabis material prior to being turned to powder and/or encapsulated for consumption. Different plants, such as herbs or seeds, may also be blended with the cannabis material for consumption.

[0129] An example of a method for processing cannabis according to another embodiment of the invention will now be described. The method includes the steps of harvesting the cannabis from one or more cannabis plants and performing a processing operation on the cannabis without first subjecting it to a dehydration step.

[0130] That method is advantageous because it removes one or more processing steps when compared to traditional methods, which may result in cost savings, improve product quality and/or reduce the risk of pest and disease that can occur during traditional drying processes, for example.

[0131] Traditional production methods require significant labour to manually harvest and trim the plants before manually attaching them to drying racks, where the cannabis flower is then typically dried for ten days or more in a large specialised room. The humidity and temperature of the room must be controlled to achieve the optimum drying rate and to achieve the desired moisture content.

[0132] This dehydration stage in a traditional process sees a loss of highly volatile compounds to the atmosphere. The dehydration stage also has risks around the development and growth of mould. Highly controlled and biologically secure rooms are often used in an effort to address this risk, however the product can still spoil. If mould, pests, or pathogens are found then generally the crop must be destroyed, which is of course very costly.

[0133] In contrast, the present method can process freshly harvested cannabis with no initial dehydration process. That means highly volatile compounds can be extracted to the final product rather than being lost. The manual trimming and drying of the traditional process are not required at all, which may also allow an opportunity to mechanise and automate harvesting. That in turn could allow for a large scale up when more significant markets become available.

[0134] Throughout the specification, the terms “fresh” or “non-dehydrated” may be used to indicate that traditional dehydration or drying processes have not been performed. For example, fresh cannabis may be used where the cannabis is harvested directly into the container for processing. While some level of dehydration may inevitably occur, the term “fresh” indicates that at least 50% of the moisture content of the unharvested plant remains. Similarly, “nondehydrated” may refer to cannabis that has not been recently harvested, but still has a high moisture content, such as at least 50% of the moisture content of the unharvested plant. For example, the harvested cannabis may be stored in a sealed container or potentially frozen, so that there is not significant loss of moisture or other volatile components during the storage.

[0135] As used herein, dried cannabis is intended to mean cannabis having a moisture content of less than about 15 weight %, partially dried cannabis is intended to mean cannabis having a moisture content ranging from about 15 weight % to about 50 weight % and undried cannabis is intended to mean cannabis having a moisture content greater than about 50 weight %.

[0136] Undried cannabis might also more commonly be referred to as “fresh” or “nondehydrated” cannabis.

[0137] In one embodiment, the cannabis provided with the first extract solvent in the container has a moisture content of greater than about 50 weight %.

[0138] For example, the container may be located at a cannabis growing site and freshly harvested cannabis directly introduced into the container at the growing site. The container containing the cannabis can then be transported to an extraction facility where it is used in accordance with the method of the invention by introducing the first extraction solvent.

[0139] In another embodiment, the cannabis provided with the first extract solvent in the container has a moisture content ranging from about 15 weight % to about 50 weight %.

[0140] In a further embodiment, the cannabis provided with the first extract solvent in the container has a moisture content of less than 15 weight %.

[0141] Where the cannabis used in accordance with the invention has been dried or partially dried, the harvested cannabis can be dried using techniques well-known to those skilled in the art. For example, the cannabis can be dried or partially dried by air drying or freeze-drying.

[0142] In some particular example forms of the invention, this method may optionally be combined with any one or more of the methods described previously. For example, the processing operation may be performed after placing the cannabis in a container and retaining the cannabis in the container throughout the processing operation. In another example, the processing may involve a plurality of stages. However, in each of these cases, there is still no dehydration stage prior to placing the cannabis in the container.

[0143] In some applications of the present method, the cannabis may be placed into the container immediately following harvesting of the cannabis. This is advantageous as it provides for the least chance of any desirable components being lost and also allows for preserving the cannabis in order to prevent contamination or pests. Alternatively, however, the cannabis may be frozen immediately following harvesting and the cannabis then stored in a frozen state until it is subsequently placed into the container. This may be more suitable in high volume situations, for example, where it is not practical to supply the required number of containers.

[0144] An example of a container for use in processing cannabis according to an embodiment of the invention will now be described.

[0145] The container has an internal cavity for receiving the cannabis to be processed. The container also has a port that enables coupling to external equipment so that a processing operation can be performed. This processing operation can include a plurality of discrete stages, which can be performed sequentially without removing the cannabis from the container.

[0146] The container is suitable for use in performing at least some of the methods described previously and provides for many of the same advantages. For example, the container allows for reducing or even removing the need for manual handling of the cannabis during the processing operation. It may also allow for efficiency to be increased and for the process to be more easily scaled when compared to traditional apparatus.

[0147] Another advantage of the container is that by leaving the cannabis in the container throughout the processing operation, the loss of volatile components of the cannabis can be reduced. It can allow extraction of more volatile and less prominent compounds, allowing production of a more complete plant extract, for example.

[0148] Some particular example forms of the container will now be described.

[0149] In one example, the container may have a mesh base. This mesh could be interchangeable for particle size and can be used for allowing liquids to pass through while retaining solid components in the container. Such a container may optionally also be configured to receive a solid base that substantially seals the container.

[0150] The container may be constructed substantially from stainless steel, preferably of a food grade or better. It will be appreciated, however, that a range of other materials may alternatively be used, as may be appropriate in a particular circumstance and as will be understood by a person skilled in the art.

[0151] Preferably, the container is substantially cylindrical. This may provide a number of advantages, such as ease of cleaning and the ability to contain pressure. However, it is conceivable that other shapes may also be possible.

[0152] An example of apparatus for use in processing cannabis according to an embodiment of the invention will now be described. Advantageously, the container as previously described forms part of this apparatus. [0153] The apparatus has a plurality of processing heads that effect the processing operation. Each of the processing heads is configured to couple with the port of the container in order to perform a stage of the processing operation. Once the stage is complete, the processing head can then decouple from the container.

[0154] Preferably, the container is sealed when there is no processing head coupled with the container. This ensures that any volatile compounds are retained in the container between processing steps, ensuring a more complete final product and/or improved efficiency of extraction of these compounds.

[0155] Advantageously, the processing operation may be completely automated. It will be appreciated, however, that in some embodiments only some stages are automated while certain manual interactions will still be necessary.

[0156] A carousel may be used for holding the container and transferring between processing heads. Such a system can further automate the process and increase the speed and efficiency, while reducing any safety risks by removing operators. The carousel can also allow for inline processing of a large number of containers, making the processing highly automated and efficient.

[0157] Different processing heads and/or sections of the apparatus may be used to produce a temperature of the container that can be regulated anywhere in the range of -15°C to 85 °C, or more preferably in the range of -100°C to 110°C. This can be achieved by heating/cooling the outside of the container as well as injecting fluids of a particular temperature into the container. It will be appreciated that in other embodiments this temperature range may be modified as necessary for the required processing stages.

[0158] One or more of the processing heads may also be capable of applying pressure to the internal cavity of the container. High pressures can be useful for some of the processing stages described previously and the containers can also be designed to accommodate such high pressures. Similarly, one or more of the processing heads may be capable of applying a vacuum to the internal cavity of the container. [0159] One or more of the processing heads can be used to extract one or more components of the cannabis from the container, using one or more of the stages as described in detail in relation to the methods above. Also as described above, the container may be configured to receive the cannabis immediately following harvesting of the cannabis or alternatively the container may be configured to receive cannabis that is frozen immediately following harvesting of the cannabis and stored in a frozen state until it is subsequently placed into the container.

[0160] An example of apparatus for use during harvesting of cannabis from one or more cannabis plants according to an embodiment of the invention will now be described.

[0161] Advantageously, the container as previously described forms part of this apparatus. The apparatus also includes a trolley incorporating a deflowerer and a mill or grinder of any suitable form, such as a knife mill.

[0162] The flower of a cannabis plant is harvested using this trolley to assist. Branches of the plant are deflowered using the deflowerer, milled to a desired particle size using the knife mill, and delivered directly to the cylinder. The cylinder can then carry the flower through the processing operation stages as described previously, ultimately producing a final extract and/or other products.

[0163] This trolley may provide even further cost savings and improved efficiencies by further automating the process and reducing manual labour, as drying and trimming are not required. The plant can be harvested at the base of the stem and then the stem simply fed into the deflowerer of the trolley. The bud and leaves can fall directly into the mill, which will in turn provide the cannabis into the container once at the required size. The cannabis may then stay in the container for the complete extraction process, requiring no more handling.

[0164] An example of a method of extracting multiple products from cannabis according to one embodiment of the invention will now be described.

[0165] This method is useful for extracting and/or isolating useful/desired products from the cannabis. The method includes providing cannabis in a container, as has been discussed previously. A first extraction solvent is introduced into the container and the cannabis is maintained in contact with the first extraction solvent so as to promote extraction of a first product from the cannabis into the first extraction solvent and produce solvent extracted cannabis. The first extraction solvent is removed from the container, along with the extracted first product, while retaining the solvent extracted cannabis in the container. Next a second extraction solvent is introduced into the container, with the second extraction solvent being different from the first extraction solvent. The second extraction solvent is now maintained in contact with the solvent extracted cannabis so as to promote extraction of a second product from the cannabis into the second extraction solvent. The use of a different solvent for the second extraction solvent results in the second product having a different composition to the first product.

[0166] The steps can optionally be continued with a third extraction solvent to promote extraction of a third product from the cannabis into the third extraction solvent. Again, the third extraction solvent is different to the first and second extraction solvents, and the third product has a different composition to the first product and the second product. This could also continue with further extraction solvents to produce further different products.

[0167] The first extraction solvent may be steam, or it may alternatively be a liquid solvent such as those described herein e.g. ethanol, ethyl acetate, propylene glycol, vegetable glycerine, ethyl lactate, or any other suitable solvent as will be known to those skilled in the art. The second extraction solvent (and/or any other subsequent solvents) may also be a liquid solvent such as those described herein e.g. ethanol, ethyl acetate, propylene glycol, vegetable glycerine, ethyl lactate, or any other suitable solvent as will be known to those skilled in the art.

[0168] There is no particular limitation on the amount of time in which the cannabis is to be maintained in contact with the extraction solvent to promote extraction of a product from the cannabis into the extraction solvent. The amount of time required in practice will vary depending upon factors known to those skilled in the art such as the surface area of the cannabis being extracted, the nature of the extraction solvent being used and the type of product being extracted from the cannabis.

[0169] Those skilled in the art can suitably adjust the amount of time in which the cannabis is to be maintained in contact with the extraction solvent to promote extraction of a given product. [0170] Generally, a given extraction solvent will be maintained contact with the cannabis for a period of time ranging from about 30 minutes to about 4 hours.

[0171] A given extraction solvent used in the method of the invention may be at room temperature or it may be heated or cooled as required, relative to room temperature.

[0172] There is no particular limitation on the temperature at which the method of the invention may be performed provided the extraction solvents selected are appropriate. The temperature at which the method is performed can sometimes be limited by the type of extraction solvent used. Those skilled in the art will be able to select a suitable temperature for the extraction solvent being employed.

[0173] Generally, the temperature of the extraction solvent used in accordance with the invention range from about -20° C to about 50° C, or from about 10° C to about 40° C, or from 20° C to about 30° C.

[0174] An example of another method according to another embodiment of the invention will now be described.

[0175] This example method is suitable for producing a dried cannabis product, rather than the focus being on the extracts as in the previously described method. However, the extracts in this method can still be collected and may also still have a useful purpose.

[0176] The method again involves providing cannabis in a container. Steam is first introduced into the container and the cannabis is maintained in contact with the steam so as to promote extraction of a first product from the cannabis into the steam, producing steam extracted cannabis. This steam extracted cannabis can then be dried to produce the dried cannabis product.

[0177] This method is advantageous because the steam can extract terpenes, which can be responsible for flavours and smells, but simultaneously inherently also decarboxylates acid derivative compounds (e.g THCA) in the cannabis. Therefore, this method can produce a dried product with little smell or flavour that is suitable for consumption, yet does not require further heating processes such as smoking or cooking (to promote decarboxylation), as the cannabinoids have already been so-called "activated".

[0178] The steam extracted cannabis can be dried by freeze-drying. However, it will be appreciated that in other embodiments alternative drying techniques may be used, as will be known to those skilled in the art.

[0179] The dried cannabis product may be processed into a powder, such as by cutting, grinding or crushing, for example. The dried cannabis product may be used in this powder form, or may be encapsulated to produce an edible capsule.

[0180] The method and the previously described method are advantageous because they allow for the cannabis to be provided in the container in a substantially fresh or non-dehydrated state. This may be soon after harvesting, or alternatively the cannabis may be frozen immediately following harvesting and stored in a frozen state until it is subsequently placed into the container.

[0181] An example of an apparatus suitable for extracting multiple products from cannabis according to one embodiment of the invention will now be described.

[0182] The apparatus includes a container that is configured for receiving the cannabis to be extracted. A steam line is used to introduce steam into the container to enable steam extraction of the cannabis and the production of steam extract. Meanwhile, a liquid solvent line is also provided for introducing liquid solvent into the container to enable liquid solvent extraction of the cannabis and the production of liquid solvent extract. The container has an outlet for releasing the steam extract and liquid solvent extract.

[0183] Advantageously, the container is detachable from the apparatus. This allows for the container to be filled with cannabis at some location away from the remainder of the apparatus and then provided in an already filled form. In this way, multiple containers can be used and swapped out once the cannabis has been extracted.

[0184] Preferably, the container has a mesh through which the steam and liquid solvent must pass before being released through the outlet. This ensures the solid matter is largely retained in the container, rather than being carried with one of the solvents. Despite this mesh, however, it may be possible seal the container when it is detached from the apparatus. For example, a lid may be provided that covers the mesh, or the mesh may be removed and replaced with a lid.

[0185] The steam line and the liquid solvent line may be connected to a base or end cap, with the base being configured to be connected to and detached from the container. Similarly, the outlet is part of another end cap, wherein the end cap can be connected to and detached from the container.

[0186] In one example, the apparatus may be configured to optionally receive multiple containers. For example, cylindrical containers may be connected end to end, creating a single long chamber through which the solvents may pass, with end caps being connected at each end of the series.

[0187] An example embodiment of an apparatus according to the invention will now be described with reference to Figure 1.

[0188] Referring to Figure 1, an apparatus 10 has a substantially cylindrical vessel 12 and a container 13 housed therein that is suitable for receiving cannabis to be extracted. A closure 15 is removable for removal of the container 13 so that it can be fdled with the cannabis and inserted back into the vessel 12.

[0189] It will be appreciated that there could be a plurality of containers 13 each fdled with cannabis, allowing a container 13 to be removed after the cannabis is extracted and a different container 13 with fresh cannabis inserted into the vessel 12. The container 13 has a mesh face 18 at an upper end and a mesh face 19 at a lower end. However, caps or lids may be provided so that the containers 13 can be sealed when outside the vessel 12. This means that the containers 13 could be filled with cannabis at the time of harvesting the cannabis, for example, but then sealed and transported and/or stored prior to being extracted.

[0190] A vapour solvent inlet 20 is provided towards a lower end of the vessel 12 as a means of introducing a solvent to the vessel 12 that is in a substantially vapour or gaseous form. Preferably, this solvent is steam, but it will be appreciated that other vapour solvents may alternatively be used. [0191] A liquid solvent inlet 22 is also provided at the lower end of the vessel 12 as a means of introducing a solvent to the vessel 12 that is in substantially liquid form. For example, this solvent may be ethanol, but it will be appreciated that other liquid solvents may alternatively be used.

[0192] A solvent outlet 16 is provided towards an upper end of the vessel 12 as a means of allowing flow of the solvents out of the vessel 12. In this way, flow of the solvent from either of the inlets 20, 22 at the bottom of the vessel 12 passes into the container 13 via the lower mesh face 19, where it contacts the cannabis and promotes extraction of a product from the cannabis, before carrying this product with the solvent out through the upper mesh face 18 and then the outlet 16.

[0193] Depending on the solvent being used, it may be directed to an appropriate apparatus after flowing through the outlet 16, or may be recirculated back into the vessel 13, as described in further examples below. Once the extraction is complete, any remaining solvent in the vessel 13 may be drained via the liquid solvent inlet 22.

[0194] An example embodiment of a method according to the invention will now be described with reference to Figure 2. In this figure, a method for processing cannabis that is harvested from one or more cannabis plants is shown. The method involves initially placing the cannabis in a container, where it remains throughout the process.

[0195] A processing operation step is next performed on the cannabis, which may involve an output, such as a useful extract, a waste product, or mixture that requires further processing. The cannabis remains within the container during any required number of further processing steps, each of which may have some output.

[0196] Another example embodiment of an apparatus according to the invention will now be described with reference to Figures 3 to 6.

[0197] Referring first to Figure 3, a vessel 112 houses a container 113 that holds cannabis to be extracted. As described previously, this container 113 can be filled with cannabis prior to be placed inside the vessel 112. In this embodiment, rather than placing the container inside the vessel, the vessel 112 is partially formed by the container 113, with end caps 114 being removably fitted to each end of the container 113.

[0198] The vessel 112 has a vapour solvent inlet 120 and a liquid solvent inlet 122 at a lower end thereof. A solvent outlet 116 is connected to a condenser 130 and to a solvent balance tank 140, with a condenser valve 131 and a balance tank valve 141 determining whether a solvent can flow to these components.

[0199] Figure 4 illustrates the operation of a steam extraction stage. A steam generator 150 supplies steam that flows via a steam line 151 with a pressure indicator 152, through a valve 153 that is open in this stage and into the vessel 113 through the vapour solvent inlet 120. While the vessel 113 is capable of containing a certain level of pressure, a pressure relief valve 154 is also provided on the steam line 151, along with a condensate trap 155.

[0200] The steam together with a first product extracted from the cannabis flows out through the solvent outlet 116 and through the condenser valve 131 that is open (balance tank valve 141 is closed). The steam and first product pass into the condenser 130 before flowing as a liquid to a first collection vessel 156.

[0201] The liquid collected will typically be two or more immiscible liquids, allowing simple separation by known means such as decantation or similar. A chilled water supply 158 is used to operate the condenser 130. Any valves in the system not mentioned above are assumed to be closed during this stage.

[0202] Figure 5 illustrates the operation of a liquid solvent extraction stage. The solvent used may be ethanol, ethyl acetate, propylene glycol, or another solvent as may be known in the art or as suitable for extracting a particular product as desired for a given purpose. The solvent is provided to the solvent balance tank 140 and circulated using a pump 160.

[0203] In this stage, a liquid solvent inlet valve 161 is opened, allowing the liquid solvent to flow into the vessel 113 via the liquid solvent inlet 122 (solvent drain valve 172 is closed). The balance tank valve 141 is now open while the condenser valve 131 is closed, allowing the solvent carrying a second extracted product to flow from the solvent outlet 116 back to the solvent balance tank 140. This circulation of the solvent may continue for any necessary length of time, with the solvent potentially passing through the vessel 113 multiple times.

[0204] Figure 6 illustrates a final portion of the liquid solvent extraction stage. Here, a balance tank drain valve 171 is opened, allowing the solvent and the second extracted product in the solvent balance tank 140 to flow to a second collection vessel 170. The solvent drain valve 172 can also be opened, allowing any solvent remaining in the vessel 112 to also drain to the second collection vessel 170.

Examples

Method Example 1

[0205] An example of a method performed in accordance an embodiment of the invention will now be described.

[0206] In this example, 200g of fresh hemp flower was collected and chopped to a particle size range of 5-10mm. The material was packed into an extraction vessel and the extraction vessel was placed into the extraction apparatus.

[0207] The material was steam distilled for 1 hour. A temperature probe measured the steam coming from the generator at 99°C. The steam travelled through the extraction vessel and through a condenser. The hydrosol and essential oils were collected in a separator. After 1 hour the steam distillation process was stopped. The valves were closed on the steam lines and valves were opened on the solvent lines.

[0208] The apparatus was flooded with 800ml of 94% ethanol solvent which was recirculated up through the biomass for 2 hours via a solvent balance tank. After 2 hours of the solvent wash the process was stopped and the solvent was drained from the apparatus by closing the circulation valves and opening the solvent drain valves.

[0209] The essential oil is not miscible in the hydrosol and floated to the top of the hydrosol where it was collected via a pipette. The solvent prior to the extraction process was clear and colourless. After the process the solvent was a very dark green colour and opaque. [0210] To test the efficiency of the extraction to remove the cannabinoids from the biomass, the biomass was tested before being placed into the apparatus and also the spent charge after the solvent wash was tested.

[0211] 20g of unused biomass was sent to the testing lab where they used 7.3g and found there was a total of 7.28% cannabinoids tested present. After the extraction process 100g of spent charge was sent to the testing lab where they used 95g and found there was a total of 0.64% cannabinoids tested present. This equates to a successful extraction of cannabinoids post steaming in the same vessel of 91.21%.

Method Example 2

[0212] Another example of a method performed in accordance an embodiment of the invention will now be described.

[0213] 200g of fresh hemp flower was collected and chopped to a particle size range of 5- 10mm. The material was packed into an extraction vessel and the extraction vessel was placed into the extraction apparatus.

[0214] The material was steam distilled for 1 hour. A temperature probe measured the steam coming from the generator at 99°C. The steam travelled through the extraction vessel and through a condenser. The hydrosol and essential oils were collected in a separator. After 1 hour the steam distillation process was stopped. The valves were closed on the steam lines and valves were opened on the solvent lines

[0215] The apparatus was flooded with 800ml of ethyl acetate solvent which was recirculated up through the biomass for 2 hours via a solvent balance tank. After 2 hours of the solvent wash the process was stopped and the solvent was drained from the apparatus by closing the circulation valves and opening the solvent drain valves.

[0216] The essential oil is not miscible in the hydrosol and floated to the top of the hydrosol where it was collected via a pipette. The solvent prior to the extraction process was clear and colourless. Post the process the solvent was a very dark green colour and opaque. [0217] To test the efficiency of the extraction to remove the cannabinoids from the biomass the biomass was tested before being placed into the apparatus and also the spent charge after the solvent wash was tested.

[0218] 20g of unused biomass was sent to the testing lab where they used 12.4g and found there was a total of 6.95% cannabinoids tested present. After the extraction process 100g of spent charge was sent to the testing lab where they used 95g and found there was a total of 1.02% cannabinoids tested present. This equates to a successful extraction of cannabinoids post steaming in the same vessel of 85.32%.

Method Example 3

[0219] Another example of a method performed in accordance an embodiment of the invention will now be described.

[0220] 200g of fresh hemp flower was collected and chopped to a particle size range of 5- 10mm. The material was packed into an extraction vessel and the extraction vessel was placed into the extraction apparatus.

[0221] The material was steam distilled for 1 hour. A temperature probe measured the steam coming from the generator at 99°C. The steam travelled through the extraction vessel and through a condenser. The hydrosol and essential oils were collected in a separator. After 1 hour the steam distillation process was stopped. The valves were closed on the steam lines and valves were opened on the solvent lines.

[0222] The apparatus was flooded with 800ml of propylene glycol solvent which was recirculated up through the biomass for 2 hours via a solvent balance tank. After 2 hours of the solvent wash the process was stopped and the solvent was drained from the apparatus by closing the circulation valves and opening the solvent drain valves.

[0223] The essential oil is not miscible in the hydrosol and floated to the top of the hydrosol where it was collected via a pipette. The solvent prior to the extraction process was clear and colourless and very viscous. Post the process the solvent was a very dark green colour and opaque. [0224] To test the efficiency of the extraction to remove the cannabinoids from the biomass the biomass was tested before being placed into the apparatus and also the spent charge after the solvent wash was tested.

[0225] 20g of unused biomass was sent to the testing lab where they used 15.6g and found there was a total of 8.00% cannabinoids tested present. After the extraction process 100g of spent charge was sent to the testing lab where they used 95g and found there was a total of 1.97% cannabinoids tested present. This equates to a successful extraction of cannabinoids post steaming in the same vessel of 75.38%.

Method Example 4

[0226] In this example, 200g of fresh hemp flower was collected and chopped to a particle size range of 5-10mm. The material was packed into an extraction vessel and the extraction vessel was placed into the extraction apparatus.

[0227] The material was steam distilled for 1 hour. A temperature probe measured the steam coming from the generator at 99°C. The steam travelled through the extraction vessel and through a condenser. The hydrosol and essential oils were collected in a separator. After 1 hour the steam distillation process was stopped. The valves were closed on the steam lines and valves were opened on the solvent lines.

[0228] The apparatus was flooded with 800ml of propylene glycol solvent which was recirculated up through the biomass for 1 hour via a solvent balance tank. After 1 hours of the solvent wash the process was stopped and the solvent was drained from the apparatus by closing the circulation valves and opening the solvent drain valves.

[0229] The apparatus was flooded with 800ml of 94% ethanol solvent which was recirculated up through the biomass for 1 hour via a solvent balance tank. After 1 hours of the solvent wash the process was stopped and the solvent was drained from the apparatus by closing the circulation valves and opening the solvent drain valves. [0230] The essential oil is not miscible in the hydrosol and floated to the top of the hydrosol where it was collected via a pipette. The solvent prior to the extraction process was clear and colourless. After the process the solvent was a very dark green colour and opaque.

[0231] To test the efficiency of the extraction to remove the cannabinoids from the biomass, the biomass was tested before being placed into the apparatus. Material was removed from the apparatus after the propylene Glycol solvent wash and prior to the ethanol solvent wash, the spent charge after the ethanol solvent wash was also collected.

[0232] 20g of unused biomass was sent to the testing lab where they used 9. 1g and found there was a total of 11.6% cannabinoids tested present. After the propylene glycol solvent wash 20g was sent to the testing lab where they used 12g and found to have 3.48% cannabinoids present. After the ethanol solvent wash 100g of spent charge was sent to the testing lab where they used 92g and found there was a total of 0.23% cannabinoids tested present. This equates to a successful extraction of cannabinoids post steaming in the same vessel of 98%.

Method Example 5

[0233] 200g of fresh hemp flower was collected and chopped to a particle size range of 5- 10mm. The material was packed into an extraction vessel and the extraction vessel was placed into the extraction apparatus.

[0234] The apparatus was flooded with 800ml of propylene glycol solvent which was recirculated up through the biomass for 2 hours via a solvent balance tank. After 2 hours of the solvent wash the process was stopped and the solvent was drained from the apparatus by closing the circulation valves and opening the solvent drain valves.

[0235] The apparatus was then flooded with 800ml of 94% ethanol solvent which was recirculated up through the biomass for 2 hours via a solvent balance tank. After 2 hours of the solvent wash the process was stopped and the solvent was drained from the apparatus by closing the circulation valves and opening the solvent drain valves. [0236] To test the efficiency of the extraction to remove the cannabinoids from the biomass the biomass was tested before being placed into the apparatus and also the spent charge after the solvent wash was tested.

[0237] 20g of unused biomass was sent to the testing lab where they used 14.3g and found there was a total of 9.28% cannabinoids tested present. After the propylene glycol solvent wash 20g was sent to the testing lab where they used 12.6g and found to have 2.23% cannabinoids present. After the ethanol solvent wash 100g of spent charge was sent to the testing lab where they used 88g and found there was a total of 0.03% cannabinoids tested present. This equates to a successful extraction of cannabinoids post steaming in the same vessel of 99.6%.

[0238] Throughout this specification and claims which follow, unless the context requires otherwise, the word “comprise”, and variations such as “comprises” or “comprising”, will be understood to imply the inclusion of a stated integer or group of integers or steps but not the exclusion of any other integer or group of integers. As used herein and unless otherwise stated, the term “approximately” means ±20%.

[0239] The reference in this specification to any prior publication (or information derived from it), or to any matter which is known, is not, and should not be taken as an acknowledgment or admission or any form of suggestion that the prior publication (or information derived from it) or known matter forms part of the common general knowledge in the field of endeavour to which this specification relates.

[0240] Persons skilled in the art will appreciate that numerous variations and modifications will become apparent. All such variations and modifications which become apparent to persons skilled in the art, should be considered to fall within the spirit and scope that the invention broadly appearing before described.

Claims

- 35 -

CLAIMS:

1) A method of extracting multiple products from cannabis, the method comprising: i) providing cannabis in a container; ii) introducing a first extraction solvent into the container and maintaining the cannabis in contact with the first extraction solvent so as to promote extraction of a first product from the cannabis into the first extraction solvent and produce solvent extracted cannabis; iii) removing from the container the first extraction solvent comprising the extracted first product while retaining the solvent extracted cannabis in the container; and iv) introducing into the container with the solvent extracted cannabis a second extraction solvent that is different from the first extraction solvent and maintaining the solvent extracted cannabis in contact with the second extraction solvent so as to promote extraction of a second product from the cannabis into the second extraction solvent, wherein the second product has a different composition to the first product.

2) The method according to claim 1, further comprising: v) removing from the container the second extraction solvent comprising the second product while retaining the solvent extracted cannabis in the container; vi) introducing into the container with the solvent extracted cannabis a third extraction solvent that is different from the first extraction solvent and the second extraction solvent; and vii) maintaining the solvent extracted cannabis in contact with the third extraction solvent so as to promote extraction of a third product from the cannabis into the third extraction solvent, wherein the third product has a different composition to the first product and the second product.

3) The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the first extraction solvent is steam.

4) The method according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the first extraction solvent is a liquid solvent selected from C5-C10 alkanes, diethylether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, dichloromethane, acetone, acetonitrile, C1-C6 alcohols, C2-C4 diols, water, vegetable oil, glycerine and ethyl lactate. - 36 -

5) The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the second extraction solvent is a liquid solvent selected from C5-C10 alkanes, diethylether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, dichloromethane, acetone, acetonitrile, C1-C6 alcohols, C2-C4 diols, water, vegetable oil, glycerine and ethyl lactate.

6) The method according to claim 2, wherein the third extraction solvent is a liquid solvent selected from C5-C10 alkanes, diethylether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, dichloromethane, acetone, acetonitrile, C1-C6 alcohols, C2-C4 diols, water, vegetable oil, glycerine and ethyl lactate.

7) A method of producing a dried cannabis product, the method comprising the steps of: i) providing cannabis in a container; ii) introducing steam into the container and maintaining the cannabis in contact with the steam so as to promote extraction of a first product from the cannabis into the steam and produce steam extracted cannabis; and iii) drying the steam extracted cannabis to produce the dried cannabis product.

8) The method according to claim 7, wherein the steam extracted cannabis is dried by freeze- drying.

9) The method according to claim 7 or 8, wherein the dried cannabis product is processed into a powder.

10) The method according to any one of claims 7 to 9, wherein at least a portion of the first product is blended with the dried cannabis product.

1 l)The method according to any one of claims 7 to 10, wherein the dried cannabis product is contained within an edible capsule.

12) The method according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the cannabis provided in the container has a moisture content of at least 50 wt. %.

13)The method according to claim 12, wherein the cannabis provided in the container had previously been frozen. 14) An apparatus for extracting multiple products from cannabis, the apparatus comprising: a) a container configured for receiving the cannabis to be extracted; b) a steam line for introducing steam into the container to enable steam extraction of the cannabis and the production of steam extract; c) a liquid solvent line for introducing liquid solvent into the container to enable liquid solvent extraction of the cannabis and the production of liquid solvent extract; and d) an outlet in the container for releasing the steam extract and liquid solvent extract; wherein the container is detachable from the apparatus.

15) The apparatus according to claim 14, wherein the container comprises a mesh through which the steam and liquid solvent must pass before being released through the outlet.

16) The apparatus according to claim 14 or 15, wherein (i) the steam line and the liquid solvent line are connected to a base, and (ii) the base is connectable to and detachable from the container.

17) The apparatus according to any one of claims 14 to 16, wherein (i) the outlet is part of an end cap, and (ii) the end cap is connectable to and detachable from the container.

18) The apparatus according to any one of claims 14 to 17 further comprising a condenser selectively in fluid communication with the outlet.

19) The apparatus according to claim 18 further comprising a decantation device in fluid communication with an outlet of the condenser.

20) The apparatus according to any one of claims 14 to 19, wherein the apparatus is configured to receive multiple containers.