WO2022091254A1 - 音響システム - Google Patents

音響システム Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022091254A1
WO2022091254A1 PCT/JP2020/040452 JP2020040452W WO2022091254A1 WO 2022091254 A1 WO2022091254 A1 WO 2022091254A1 JP 2020040452 W JP2020040452 W JP 2020040452W WO 2022091254 A1 WO2022091254 A1 WO 2022091254A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
speaker unit
speaker
acoustic
seat
sound
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/JP2020/040452
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
勝宏 福井
和則 小林
記良 鎌土
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
NTT Inc
Original Assignee
Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corp filed Critical Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corp
Priority to PCT/JP2020/040452 priority Critical patent/WO2022091254A1/ja
Priority to US18/031,133 priority patent/US20230379627A1/en
Priority to JP2022558673A priority patent/JP7605220B2/ja
Publication of WO2022091254A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022091254A1/ja
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; ELECTRIC HEARING AIDS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R5/00—Stereophonic arrangements
    • H04R5/02—Spatial or constructional arrangements of loudspeakers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; ELECTRIC HEARING AIDS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R5/00—Stereophonic arrangements
    • H04R5/02—Spatial or constructional arrangements of loudspeakers
    • H04R5/023—Spatial or constructional arrangements of loudspeakers in a chair, pillow
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R11/00—Arrangements for holding or mounting articles, not otherwise provided for
    • B60R11/02—Arrangements for holding or mounting articles, not otherwise provided for for radio sets, television sets, telephones, or the like; Arrangement of controls thereof
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/16—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/175—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound
    • G10K11/178—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound by electro-acoustically regenerating the original acoustic waves in anti-phase
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; ELECTRIC HEARING AIDS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R3/00—Circuits for transducers
    • H04R3/02—Circuits for transducers for preventing acoustic reaction, i.e. acoustic oscillatory feedback
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; ELECTRIC HEARING AIDS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R2499/00—Aspects covered by H04R or H04S not otherwise provided for in their subgroups
    • H04R2499/10—General applications
    • H04R2499/13—Acoustic transducers and sound field adaptation in vehicles

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a technique for reducing noise in vehicles such as aircraft and automobiles.
  • Non-Patent Document 1 Conventionally, users have used earphones or headphones having a noise canceling function when they are concerned about noise when watching movies / music on an aircraft (see Non-Patent Document 1).
  • wearing earphones and headphones can be a hassle for users.
  • some users do not like to wear it because their hairstyle is disturbed.
  • wearing earphones or headphones for a long time may make the user feel tired.
  • an object of the present invention is to provide a technique for reducing the noise heard when seated in a vehicle seat without using earphones or headphones.
  • the acoustic system may use at least four speaker units located in the seat of the vehicle so that the acoustic signal to be reproduced can only be heard in the first range near the user occupying the seat. It emits a sound that is difficult to hear and cancels the noise that arrives at the seat. The cancel sound is emitted so that the noise cancellation by the cancel sound affects only the second range near the user who uses the seat. .. At least two of the four speaker units are located to the right of the center of the seat, and at least two of the four speaker units are located to the left of the center of the seat and to the right.
  • the second R-1 speaker unit which is one of at least two speaker units arranged, is larger than the second R speaker unit, which is the other one of at least two speaker units arranged on the right side.
  • the second L-1 speaker unit which is one of at least two speaker units located close to the right ear of the user seated in the seat and located on the left side, is at least two located on the left side. It is located closer to the left ear of the user seated in the seat than the 2nd L speaker unit, which is the other one of the speaker units, and the acoustic signals to be reproduced are the 2R-1 speaker unit and the 2nd R.
  • the acoustic system uses at least four speaker units located in the seat of the vehicle so that the acoustic signal to be reproduced can only be heard in the first range near the user occupying the seat.
  • the 2nd R-1 speaker unit and the 2nd R speaker unit which are 2 speaker units of at least 4 speaker units, are arranged on the right side from the center of the seat, and 2 speakers of at least 4 speaker units.
  • the 2nd L-1 speaker unit and the 2nd L speaker unit, which are units, are arranged on the right side from the center of the seat, and the 2nd R-1 speaker unit emits the 2nd R-1 acoustic signal, which is the acoustic signal to be reproduced.
  • the 2nd R speaker unit emits a 2nd R acoustic signal which is an acoustic signal having the opposite phase to the 2nd R-1 acoustic signal
  • the 2nd L-1 speaker unit emits a 2nd L-1 acoustic signal which is an acoustic signal to be reproduced.
  • the 2nd L speaker unit emits the 2nd L acoustic signal which is an acoustic signal having the opposite phase to the 2nd L-1 acoustic signal, and the 2nd R-1 speaker unit and the 2nd L-1 speaker unit respectively.
  • the acoustic system has N as one of an integer of 2 or more, and using 2N speaker units, the acoustic signal to be reproduced is the first in the vicinity of the user who uses the seat of the vehicle. Outside the range, the sound is emitted so that it cannot be heard or is difficult to hear, and the noise cancellation by the cancel sound that cancels the noise in the second range near the user does not affect the outside of the second range.
  • a playback device including the nth playback unit, a second n-1 speaker unit that emits a second n-1 acoustic signal installed near the head of the user who uses the seat, and a second n acoustic signal are emitted.
  • Includes a speaker system including an nth speaker unit pair (n 1, ..., N) that includes a second n speaker unit that sounds.
  • R is one of 1, ..., N
  • the Rth speaker unit pair is arranged on the right side from the center of the seat
  • L is one of 1, ..., N, R ⁇ L
  • the Lth speaker unit pair Is located on the left side of the center of the seat, and the 2nd R-1 speaker unit and the 2nd L-1 speaker unit are located in the right and left ears of the user who uses the seat more than the 2R speaker unit and the 2L speaker unit, respectively. Placed closer, or the 2nd R speaker unit and the 2nd L speaker unit are located closer to the right and left ears of the user occupying the seat than the 2nd R-1 speaker unit and the 2nd L-1 speaker unit, respectively. Will be done.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of an active noise control system.
  • the active noise control system is a controller and control that generates a control signal for eliminating noise from a microphone that collects noise (hereinafter referred to as a reference microphone) and a signal output from the reference microphone (hereinafter referred to as a noise signal). Includes a muffling speaker for emitting signal-based sound.
  • the active noise control system further includes a microphone (hereinafter referred to as an error microphone) that collects the sound that cannot be completely erased, and feeds back a signal output from the error microphone (hereinafter referred to as an error signal) to the controller.
  • the controller may also use an error signal to generate a control signal.
  • the noise signal includes the sound signal from the muffling speaker, and there is a problem that the noise reduction performance is deteriorated.
  • a speaker unit is used instead of a speaker in order to emit a sound based on a control signal (see FIG. 2).
  • a speaker is composed of a speaker unit and a speaker box.
  • the speaker unit is a component including a diaphragm that converts an acoustic signal, which is an electric signal, into vibration of air (that is, generates a sound wave).
  • the speaker box is a component that houses the speaker unit.
  • the diaphragm of the speaker unit vibrates, and sound waves are radiated in both directions where the diaphragm vibrates.
  • the sound wave radiated to the outside of the speaker box (that is, toward the front of the speaker unit)
  • the sound wave radiated to the inside of the speaker box (that is, toward the back of the speaker unit)
  • a negative sound wave is a sound wave whose phase is opposite to that of a positive sound wave.
  • negative sound waves are also radiated because there is no speaker box.
  • the positive sound wave and the negative sound wave are in opposite phase to each other, the positive sound wave and the negative sound wave cancel each other out, but in the vicinity of the speaker unit, the negative sound wave does not wrap around in time. Positive sound waves remain. If the remaining positive sound waves and the noise are in an opposite phase relationship, the positive sound waves cancel each other out with the noise, so that a noise reduction effect can be obtained in the vicinity of the speaker unit.
  • the speaker unit is installed near the user's ear without using the speaker box, it is possible to reduce noise in the cabin. Further, since the range in which positive sound waves remain is limited to a relatively narrow range such as the vicinity of the speaker unit, wraparound to the reference microphone can be suppressed, and deterioration of noise reduction performance can also be suppressed.
  • the form in which only the speaker unit is installed does not use a speaker box, so there is an advantage that the installation space can be minimized. Further, in addition to the merit, the form in which only the speaker unit is installed has the merit that low-frequency sound is produced as compared with the form in which the speaker unit is installed in combination. The reason will be described below. Generally, when the speaker unit is housed in the speaker box, negative sound waves do not go out of the speaker box, but when the speaker unit is housed in the speaker box, it is confined in the speaker box and has no place to go. The air vibration of the sound wave suppresses the cone of the speaker unit and interferes with the next vibration of the cone. As a result, even if the speaker unit is housed in the speaker box, there is no low-frequency sound.
  • a system that reproduces an acoustic signal is called an acoustic system.
  • the acoustic system includes a speaker system for emitting an acoustic signal as a sound (hereinafter, this sound is referred to as a sound based on the acoustic signal).
  • the speaker system is a device that converts an acoustic signal, which is an analog signal, into sound.
  • the acoustic signal to be reproduced by the acoustic system is, for example, an acoustic signal obtained from data recorded on a CD, DVD, or record, data received by the Internet, or a signal received by radio broadcasting or television broadcasting. Is.
  • FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an example of an acoustic system installed in an aircraft seat. The acoustic system of FIG. 3 is arranged so that the speaker system is close to the head of the seated user.
  • such a sound system can be installed on vehicles other than aircraft such as automobiles and trains, chairs used in residential and commercial facilities, and can be installed in a wearable form such as on the shoulder. can.
  • a driver unit pair in which two driver units are arranged, which corresponds to the speaker unit pair, may be installed in each of the left and right units of the headphones and earphones.
  • FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the acoustic system 500.
  • the acoustic system 500 includes a control system 510 and a muffling speaker system 520.
  • the control system 510 includes K reference microphones 511 (where K is an integer greater than or equal to 1), L error microphones 512 (where L is an integer greater than or equal to 0), and a control signal generator 514.
  • K is an integer greater than or equal to 1
  • L error microphones 512 where L is an integer greater than or equal to 0
  • the reference microphone and the error microphone are, as described in ⁇ Technical Background>, a microphone that collects noise and a microphone that collects sound that cannot be completely eliminated.
  • the error microphone is used for updating the filter, and is practically used in many cases.
  • the direction in which the muffling speaker unit 5221 faces the user is defined as the muffling user direction, and in the muffling speaker unit 5221, the sound emitted from the muffling speaker unit 5221 toward the muffling user is in the direction opposite to the muffling user direction. It is arranged so that the sound is muted at a place other than the place near the head of the user who uses the seat due to the wraparound of the sound emitted to the speaker.
  • the muffling user direction is the front direction of the muffling speaker unit 5221.
  • the direction opposite to the muffling user direction is the back direction of the muffling speaker unit 5221.
  • the control system 510 generates and outputs a control signal for eliminating the noise from a signal obtained from the noise at a place near the head of the user who uses the seat of the aircraft (hereinafter referred to as a noise signal). More specifically, the reference microphone 511 collects noise at a location near the head of a user who uses an aircraft seat, and outputs a noise signal obtained by converting the noise into an electric signal. The error microphone 512 picks up the unerasable sound at a location very close to the user's head, and outputs an error signal obtained by converting the unerasable sound into an electric signal.
  • the control signal generation device 514 receives a noise signal and an error signal as inputs, generates a control signal from the noise signal using the error signal, and outputs the control signal.
  • the control signal may be a signal having substantially the same amplitude as the noise signal and having an opposite phase.
  • the mute speaker system 520 takes the control signal output by the control system 510 as an input and emits a sound based on the control signal. More specifically, the muffling speaker unit 5221 takes a control signal as an input and emits a sound based on the control signal.
  • an acoustic system including two or more muffling speaker units will be described so that the muffling speaker units can be installed at positions close to each of the user's ears.
  • FIG. 6 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the acoustic system 501.
  • the acoustic system 501 includes a control system 510 and a muffling speaker system 520, similarly to the acoustic system 500.
  • the sound system 501 differs from the sound system 500 in that the sound deadening speaker system 520 includes M sound deadening speaker units 5221 (where M is an integer of 2 or more). The same control signal is input to the M muffling speaker units 5221.
  • the M muffling speaker units are referred to as the first muffling speaker unit, ..., and the M muffling speaker unit.
  • the sound emitted from the unit in the direction of the m mute user is emitted from the m mute speaker unit in the direction opposite to the direction of the m mute user. Place it so that it is muted at the location.
  • the m-th mute user direction is the front direction of the m-th mute speaker unit 5221.
  • the direction opposite to the m mute user direction is the back direction of the m mute speaker unit 5221.
  • the range in which noise is reduced is widened by increasing the number of muffling speaker units.
  • an acoustic system having a structure in which the range in which noise is reduced by one muffling speaker unit is widened will be described.
  • FIG. 7 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the acoustic system 502.
  • the acoustic system 502 includes a control system 510 and a muffling speaker system 520, similar to the acoustic system 501.
  • the sound path emitted from the m mute speaker unit 5221 in the direction opposite to the m mute user direction wraps around in the m mute user direction so that the path of the sound becomes long.
  • 5222 is attached (see FIG. 8).
  • the member 5222 may be, for example, a member such as a partition plate that prevents sound from wrapping around from the back surface of the speaker unit. This member 5222 is attached in order to prevent interference of sound waves and widen the range in which noise is reduced.
  • the m-muffling speaker unit 5221 to which the member 5222 is attached has a wider range of noise reduction than the m-muffling speaker unit 5221 of the second embodiment.
  • an acoustic system for reducing noise around a user who uses an aircraft seat has been described.
  • These noise reduction acoustic systems can be combined with an acoustic system (reproduction acoustic system) that reproduces the sound based on the acoustic signal to be reproduced so that only the user in the vicinity of the speaker system can hear the sound based on the acoustic signal to be reproduced.
  • the reproduction target is, for example, an acoustic signal by a predetermined process, such as data recorded on a CD, DVD, or record, data received by the Internet, or a signal received by radio broadcasting or television broadcasting. It is the data or signal that can be obtained.
  • FIG. 9 shows an example of an acoustic system that combines a noise reduction acoustic system and a reproduction acoustic system.
  • FIG. 9 is a diagram showing an example of an acoustic system installed in an aircraft seat.
  • the speaker system of the reproduction sound system of FIG. 9 is installed in the seat so as to sandwich the head of the seated user, and the speaker unit pair is arranged so as to be close to the left and right ears.
  • the muffling speaker system of the noise reduction sound system is installed in the seat so as to be behind the head of the seated user.
  • the acoustic system can be installed on vehicles other than aircraft such as automobiles and trains, reclining chairs, and the like, and can also be installed in a wearable form such as on the shoulder.
  • a driver unit pair in which two driver units are arranged side by side, which corresponds to the speaker unit pair, is installed in each unit on the left and right of the headphones and earphones. May be good. Headphones are generally classified into two types, open type (open air type) and closed type (closed type), but if the above technology is applied to the open type, which is particularly concerned about sound leakage, sound leakage will be reduced. There is expected.
  • FIG. 10 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the acoustic system 1000.
  • the acoustic system 1000 includes a noise reduction acoustic system and a reproduction acoustic system.
  • the noise reduction acoustic system can be an acoustic system 500, an acoustic system 501, and an acoustic system 502.
  • the reproduction acoustic system may be an acoustic system 100, an acoustic system 102, an acoustic system 104, an acoustic system 106, an acoustic system 108, an acoustic system 200, and an acoustic system 300, which will be described later.
  • FIG. 11 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the acoustic system 100.
  • the acoustic system 100 includes a reproduction device 110 and a speaker system 120.
  • the reproduction device 110 includes N reproduction units 112 (where N is an integer of 1 or more) (that is, the first reproduction unit 112, ..., The Nth reproduction unit 112).
  • the speaker system 120 includes N speaker unit pairs 122 (that is, first speaker unit pair 122, ..., Nth speaker unit pair 122).
  • the speaker unit pair 122 includes two speaker units (that is, a positive speaker unit 1221 and a negative speaker unit 1221).
  • An acoustic signal having a phase opposite to that of the acoustic signal input to the positive speaker unit 1221 is input to the negative speaker unit 1221.
  • the speaker system 120 is installed near the head of the user who uses the seat.
  • the 1221 and the negative speaker unit 1221 are the sound emitted from the positive speaker unit 1221 in the direction opposite to the nth user direction and the sound emitted from the negative speaker unit 1221 in the direction opposite to the nth user direction. Is arranged so as to be transmitted in the direction of the nth user by wraparound.
  • the nth user direction is the front direction of the positive speaker unit 1221 and the negative speaker unit 1221 of the nth speaker unit pair 122.
  • the direction opposite to the nth user direction is the back direction of the positive speaker unit 1221 and the negative speaker unit 1221 of the nth speaker unit pair 122.
  • the positive speaker unit 1221 and the negative speaker unit 1221 of the nth speaker unit pair 122 are the sound emitted from the positive speaker unit 1221 and the negative speaker unit 1221.
  • the sounds emitted from the speakers are arranged so that they are erased from each other so that they cannot be heard by users who use other seats.
  • a second n acoustic signal which is a signal, is generated, and a second n-1 acoustic signal and a second n acoustic signal are output.
  • the second n-1 acoustic signal and the second n acoustic signal are input to the positive speaker unit 1221 and the negative speaker unit 1221 of the nth speaker unit pair 122, respectively.
  • the sounds are out of phase with each other.
  • the resulting sounds are out of phase with each other.
  • Sound system 102 >> The sound system 100 has a narrow range in which the emitted sound can be heard, that is, a so-called sweet spot.
  • a so-called sweet spot a so-called sweet spot.
  • an acoustic system having a structure for widening the sweet spot will be described.
  • FIG. 12 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the acoustic system 102.
  • the acoustic system 102 includes a reproduction device 110 and a speaker system 120, similarly to the acoustic system 100.
  • the acoustic system 102 differs from the acoustic system 100 in that the member 1222 is attached to the speaker unit pair 122.
  • n 1, ..., N
  • the sound emitted from the positive speaker unit 1221 and the negative speaker unit 1221 of the nth speaker unit pair 122 in the direction opposite to the nth user direction wraps around in the user direction.
  • a member 1222 is attached to lengthen the path of (see FIG. 13).
  • the member 1222 may be, for example, a member such as a partition plate that prevents sound from wrapping around from the back surface of the speaker unit. This member 1222 does not prevent the sound from wrapping around, but makes the phase difference between the sound wrapping around from the back and the sound from the front large, that is, to lengthen the path of the sound wrapping around. It is attached to.
  • the nth speaker unit pair 122 to which the member 1222 is attached has a wider sweet spot than the nth speaker unit pair 122 of the first embodiment.
  • FIG. 14 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the acoustic system 104.
  • the acoustic system 104 includes a reproduction device 110 and a speaker system 120, like the acoustic system 100.
  • the acoustic system 104 differs from the acoustic system 100 in that a tweeter 1223 is attached to each of the positive speaker unit 1221 and the negative speaker unit 1221 of the speaker unit pair 122.
  • the tweeter is a speaker unit for reproducing a high-frequency signal. It is assumed that the tweeter 1223 is attached to the positive speaker unit 1221 and the negative speaker unit 1221 in such a form that the sound from the back does not leak as if it is housed in the speaker box.
  • Sound is emitted from the tweeter 1223 attached to the speaker unit 1221 and the positive speaker unit 1221, and the sound based on the second n acoustic signal is emitted from the tweeter 1223 attached to the negative speaker unit 1221 and the negative speaker unit 1221.
  • FIG. 15 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the acoustic system 200.
  • the acoustic system 200 includes a reproduction device 110, a band division device 210, and a speaker system 120.
  • the band dividing device 210 includes N band dividing units 212 (that is, the first band dividing unit 212, ..., The Nth band dividing unit 212).
  • the acoustic system 200 differs from the acoustic system 104 in that it includes a band divider 210.
  • the band dividing device 210 inputs the first acoustic signal, the second acoustic signal, ..., The second N acoustic signal output by the reproduction device 110, and is a high frequency signal of the first acoustic signal, which is a low frequency signal and a low frequency signal.
  • the first low-frequency signal which is a regional signal
  • the second high-frequency signal which is a high-frequency signal of the second acoustic signal
  • the second low-frequency signal which is a low-frequency signal
  • ... the high-frequency signal of the second N acoustic signal. It outputs the 2N high frequency signal which is a signal and the 2N low frequency signal which is a low frequency signal.
  • the nth band dividing unit 212 receives the 2n-1 acoustic signal and the 2n acoustic signal as inputs, and is a high frequency signal of the 2n-1 acoustic signal.
  • a 2n-1 high frequency signal and a 2n-1 low frequency signal which is a low frequency signal are generated, and a 2n high frequency signal and a low frequency signal which are high frequency signals of the 2n acoustic signal are generated. It generates a 2n low frequency signal and outputs a 2n-1 high frequency signal, a 2n-1 low frequency signal, a 2n high frequency signal, and a 2n low frequency signal.
  • the speaker system 120 outputs a first high frequency signal, a first low frequency signal, a second high frequency signal, a second low frequency signal, ..., A second N high frequency signal, and a second N low frequency signal output by the band dividing device 210.
  • a sound based on the first high frequency signal, a sound based on the first low frequency signal, a sound based on the second high frequency signal, a sound based on the second low frequency signal, ..., a sound based on the second N high frequency signal Emits a sound based on the 2N low frequency signal.
  • the sound based on the 2n-1 low frequency signal and the sound based on the 2n-1 high frequency signal are emitted from the positive speaker unit 1221 and the tweeter 1223 attached to the positive speaker unit 1221, respectively, and the second n
  • the sound based on the low frequency signal and the sound based on the 2n high frequency signal are emitted from the negative speaker unit 1221 and the tweeter 1223 attached to the negative speaker unit 1221, respectively.
  • Sound system 300 a speaker unit to which the tweeter 1223 is attached is used for the positive speaker unit 1221 and the negative speaker unit 1221.
  • a speaker unit pair including two speaker units and one tweeter instead of using a speaker unit pair including two speaker units to which a tweeter is attached will be described.
  • FIG. 16 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the acoustic system 300.
  • the acoustic system 300 includes a reproduction device 110, a band division device 310, and a speaker system 320.
  • the band dividing device 310 includes N band dividing units 312 (that is, a first band dividing unit 312, ..., an Nth band dividing unit 312).
  • the speaker system 320 includes N speaker unit pairs 322 (that is, first speaker unit pair 322, ..., Nth speaker unit pair 322).
  • the speaker unit pair 322 includes two speaker units (that is, a positive speaker unit 1221 and a negative speaker unit 1221) and a tweeter 3221.
  • the acoustic system 300 differs from the acoustic system 200 in that it includes the band divider 310 and the speaker system 320 instead of the band divider 210 and the speaker system 120.
  • the tweeter 3221 is preferably stored in a speaker box so that sound from the back does not leak. Further, the speaker system 320 is installed at a position close to the head of the user who uses the seat.
  • the 1221 and the negative speaker unit 1221 are the sound emitted from the positive speaker unit 1221 in the direction opposite to the nth user direction and the sound emitted from the negative speaker unit 1221 in the direction opposite to the nth user direction. Is arranged so as to be transmitted in the direction of the nth user by wraparound.
  • the n-th user direction is the front direction of the positive speaker unit 1221, the negative speaker unit 1221, and the tweeter 3221 of the n-th speaker unit pair 322.
  • the direction opposite to the nth user direction is the rearward direction of the positive speaker unit 1221, the negative speaker unit 1221, and the tweeter 3221 of the nth speaker unit pair 322.
  • the positive speaker unit 1221 and the negative speaker unit 1221 of the nth speaker unit pair 322 are the sound emitted from the positive speaker unit 1221 and the negative speaker unit 1221.
  • the sounds emitted from the speakers are arranged so that they are erased from each other so that they cannot be heard by users who use other seats.
  • the band dividing device 310 inputs the first acoustic signal, the second acoustic signal, ..., The second N acoustic signal output by the reproduction device 110, and is a high frequency signal of the first acoustic signal, which is a low frequency signal and a low frequency signal.
  • the first low-frequency signal which is a signal in the region
  • the second low-frequency signal which is the low-frequency signal of the second acoustic signal
  • the second N-1 high-frequency signal which is the high-frequency signal of the second N-1 acoustic signal.
  • the speaker system 320 includes a first high frequency signal, a first low frequency signal, a second low frequency signal, ..., A second N-1 high frequency signal, a second N-1 low frequency signal, and a second N, which are output by the band dividing device 310.
  • the low frequency signal as the input, the sound based on the 1st high frequency signal, the sound based on the 1st low frequency signal, the sound based on the 2nd low frequency signal, ..., the sound based on the 2nd N-1 high frequency signal, the 2nd N- 1 Emits a sound based on a low-frequency signal and a sound based on a 2N low-frequency signal.
  • the nth speaker unit pair 322 receives a second n-1 high frequency signal, a second n-1 low frequency signal, and a second n low frequency signal as inputs, and is a second n. -1
  • the sound based on the high frequency signal is emitted from the tweeter 3221
  • the sound based on the 2n-1 low frequency signal is emitted from the positive speaker unit 1221
  • the sound based on the 2n low frequency signal is emitted from the negative speaker unit. Sound is emitted from 1221.
  • the sound system 104 is a system in which high-frequency sound is less likely to leak by using the speaker unit 1221 attached to the tweeter 1223.
  • an acoustic system in which high-frequency sound is less likely to leak using a member having sound absorption characteristics will be described.
  • FIG. 17 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the acoustic system 106.
  • the acoustic system 106 includes a reproduction device 110 and a speaker system 120, similar to the acoustic system 104.
  • the acoustic system 106 is different from the acoustic system 104 in that the speaker unit 1221 to which the tweeter 1223 is not attached is used instead of the speaker unit 1221 to which the tweeter 1223 is attached, and the member 1224 is attached to the speaker unit pair 122. different.
  • n 1, ..., N
  • a member 1224 for absorbing the sound emitted from the positive speaker unit 1221 of the nth speaker unit pair 122 and the negative speaker unit 1221 in the direction opposite to the nth user direction is attached to the nth speaker unit pair 122. (See FIG. 18).
  • the member 1224 may be any member as long as it can prevent high-frequency sounds from being radiated from the back surface. Instead of installing the member 1224 only on the back surface of the speaker unit pair 122, the member 1224 may be installed so as to surround other than the front surface of the speaker unit pair 122.
  • the acoustic system 106 is a system in which high-frequency sound is less likely to leak by using the speaker unit 1221 to which the member 1224 is attached.
  • the acoustic system 106 instead of using a speaker unit pair to which a sound absorbing material is attached, by storing each of the speaker units of the speaker unit pair in a speaker box having a hole, an acoustic system in which high-frequency sound is less likely to leak will be described. ..
  • FIG. 19 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the acoustic system 108.
  • the acoustic system 108 includes a reproduction device 110 and a speaker system 120, similar to the acoustic system 106.
  • the acoustic system 108 differs from the acoustic system 106 in that it includes a speaker unit pair 122 including a speaker unit 1221 housed in a speaker box 1225 instead of the speaker unit pair 122 to which the member 1224 is attached.
  • n 1, ..., N
  • the positive speaker unit 1221 and the negative speaker unit 1221 of the nth speaker unit pair 122 are housed in the speaker box 1225, respectively.
  • the speaker box 1225 has a large number of holes.
  • the embodiment of the present invention it is possible to reduce the noise heard when seated in an aircraft seat. At the same time, it is possible to reproduce sound that can be heard only in a very limited and narrow range near the speaker system.
  • a combination of a noise reduction acoustic system and a reproduction acoustic system is realized by using four speaker units.
  • the reproduction acoustic system reproduces the sound based on the acoustic signal to be reproduced so that only the user in the vicinity of the speaker system can hear the sound.
  • the reproduction acoustic system emits sound so that the acoustic signal to be reproduced cannot be heard or is difficult to hear except in the first range near the user who uses the seat.
  • the noise reduction acoustic system is an acoustic system for reducing the noise around the user who uses the seat, and the noise cancellation by the cancel sound for canceling the noise coming to the seat uses the seat. It is an acoustic system that emits a canceling sound so as to affect only the second range in the vicinity of the user.
  • the first range and the second range may be the same range or different ranges.
  • the second range of the noise reduction acoustic system may be a narrow range near the user's head
  • the first range of the reproduction acoustic system may be a range near the seat including the second range.
  • FIG. 20 shows an example of an acoustic system that combines a noise reduction acoustic system and a reproduction acoustic system.
  • FIG. 20 is a diagram showing an example of an acoustic system installed in a flat headrest of a vehicle seat.
  • the speaker system of the reproduction sound system of FIG. 20 is installed in the headrest portion of the seat so as to be behind the head of the seated user.
  • the speaker unit pair 122R including the two speaker units (that is, the positive speaker unit 1221 and the negative speaker unit 1221) is arranged on the right side from the center of the seat with the direction in which the seat faces the user as the front.
  • the speaker unit pair 122L including the remaining two speaker units (that is, positive speaker unit 1221 and negative speaker unit 1221) is arranged on the left side from the center of the seat with the seat facing the user as the front. ..
  • the positive speaker unit 1221 or the negative speaker unit 1221 included in the speaker unit pair 122R is arranged closer to the right ear of the user seated in the seat than the other speaker unit 1221 included in the speaker unit pair 122R. ..
  • the positive speaker unit 1221 or the negative speaker unit 1221 included in the speaker unit pair 122L is closer to the left ear of the user seated in the seat than the other speaker unit 1221 included in the speaker unit pair 122L. Be placed.
  • the speaker unit of the speaker system of the reproduction acoustic system is diverted.
  • the speaker unit 1221 arranged at a position close to the left ear of the user seated in the seat is used as the speaker unit of the speaker system of the noise reduction acoustic system.
  • FIG. 21 is a diagram in which a cover is placed on a headrest portion in which an acoustic system combining a noise reduction acoustic system and a reproduction acoustic system of FIG. 20 is arranged, and a dummy imitating a user's head is arranged.
  • the speaker units below the speaker unit pairs 122R and 122L are diverted as the speaker unit of the noise reduction acoustic system.
  • the acoustic system can be installed on vehicles other than aircraft such as automobiles and trains, reclining chairs, and the like, and can also be installed in a wearable form such as on the shoulder.
  • a driver unit pair in which two driver units are arranged side by side, which corresponds to the speaker unit pair, is installed in each unit on the left and right of the headphones and earphones. May be good. Headphones are generally classified into two types, open type (open air type) and closed type (closed type), but if the above technology is applied to the open type, which is particularly concerned about sound leakage, sound leakage will be reduced. There is expected.
  • FIG. 22 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the acoustic system 2000.
  • the acoustic system 2000 includes a noise reduction acoustic system and a reproduction acoustic system.
  • the noise reduction acoustic system can be an acoustic system 600, 610, or 620 described later.
  • the reproduction acoustic system can be the acoustic systems 400, 410, 420 described later.
  • the acoustic system 600 which is an acoustic system for noise reduction, will be described with reference to FIG. 23.
  • the acoustic system 600 includes a control system 510 and a muffling speaker system.
  • the control system 510 is the same as that of the first embodiment.
  • the muffling speaker system includes two adders 601 and two speaker units 1221.
  • the two speaker units 1221 function as a muffling speaker unit.
  • the same control signal is input to the two addition units 601.
  • the direction in which the mth speaker unit faces the user is defined as the mth user direction
  • the sound emitted from the mth speaker unit in the mth user direction is from the mth speaker unit to the mth user direction. Due to the wraparound of the sound emitted in the opposite direction, the sound is not muted at the place near the head of the user who uses the seat, and the sound signals that are in opposite phase to each other are muted at the place far from the user's head. do.
  • the m-th user direction is the front direction of the m-th speaker unit 1221.
  • the direction opposite to the m-th user direction is the back direction of the m-th speaker unit 1221.
  • the positive speaker unit 1221 included in the speaker unit pair 122R is arranged near the right ear of the user seated in the seat, and the positive speaker unit 1221 included in the speaker unit pair 122L is seated in the seat.
  • two positive speaker units 1221 are used as the speaker unit of the speaker system of the noise reduction acoustic system, and the muffling speaker system is the output of the control signal and the mth reproduction unit 112. It will be described assuming that a certain 2m-1 acoustic signal is input.
  • the negative speaker unit 1221 may be used as the speaker unit of the noise reduction acoustic system as long as it is a speaker unit arranged at a position close to the right ear and the left ear of the user seated in the seat. The user can hear the sound in the opposite phase to the original acoustic signal, but it is considered that there is no discomfort.
  • the speaker unit arranged near the right ear and the left ear of the user seated in the seat does not necessarily have to be the speaker unit of the noise reduction acoustic system.
  • it is a speaker unit that can emit a canceling sound so that noise cancellation by a canceling sound that cancels the noise coming to the seat affects only the second range in the vicinity of the user who uses the seat. good.
  • the upper speaker unit of the speaker unit pair 122R in FIG. 20 and the upper speaker unit of the speaker unit pair 122L may be used as the speaker unit of the noise reduction acoustic system, or the upper speaker of the speaker unit pair 122R in FIG. 20.
  • the unit and the lower speaker unit of the speaker unit pair 122L may be used as the speaker unit of the noise reduction acoustic system, or the lower speaker unit of the speaker unit pair 122R and the upper speaker unit of the speaker unit pair 122L in FIG. 20. And may be used as a speaker unit of an acoustic system for noise reduction. However, it is easier to emit a canceling sound so as to affect only the second range by using a speaker unit located near the right ear and the left ear of the user seated in the seat.
  • the mth addition unit 601 receives the control signal and the second m-1 acoustic signal as inputs, adds the control signal and the second m-1 acoustic signal, and adds the control signal to the second m-1 acoustic signal. Is output.
  • the second m-1 speaker unit 1221 receives the second m-1 acoustic signal to which the control signal is added as an input, and emits a sound based on the second m-1 acoustic signal to which the control signal is added.
  • the acoustic system 400 which is an acoustic system for reproduction, will be described with reference to FIG. 23. As shown in FIG.
  • the acoustic system 400 includes a reproduction device 110 and a speaker system 120.
  • the reproduction device 110 is as described in the fourth embodiment.
  • N 2.
  • the speaker system 120 includes N speaker unit pairs 122 described in the fourth embodiment, and further includes N addition units 601.
  • N 2
  • the two speaker unit pairs 122 are the first speaker unit pair 122 and the second speaker unit pair 122.
  • An acoustic signal obtained by adding an acoustic signal having a phase opposite to the acoustic signal input to the negative speaker unit 1221 and a control signal is input to the positive speaker unit 1221.
  • the speaker system 120 is installed near the head of the user who uses the seat (see FIG. 21). The point is that a region where the sound based on the acoustic signal can be viewed (a region where the diffracted sound arrives and the sound based on the acoustic signal is not canceled, and the above-mentioned first range) is formed near the user's ear.
  • the speaker system 120 may be installed.
  • the 1221 and the negative speaker unit 1221 are the sound emitted from the positive speaker unit 1221 in the direction opposite to the nth user direction and the sound emitted from the negative speaker unit 1221 in the direction opposite to the nth user direction. Is arranged so as to be transmitted in the direction of the nth user by wraparound.
  • the nth user direction is the front direction of the positive speaker unit 1221 and the negative speaker unit 1221 of the nth speaker unit pair 122.
  • the direction opposite to the nth user direction is the back direction of the positive speaker unit 1221 and the negative speaker unit 1221 of the nth speaker unit pair 122.
  • the sounds are arranged so that they are erased from each other so that they cannot be heard by users who use other seats.
  • the second n-1 acoustic signal and the second n acoustic signal are input to the nth addition unit 601 and the negative speaker unit 1221, respectively.
  • the nth addition unit 601 receives the control signal and the second n-1 acoustic signal as inputs, adds the control signal and the second n-1 acoustic signal, and outputs the second n-1 acoustic signal to which the control signal is added.
  • the speaker system 120 takes as inputs the first acoustic signal and the third acoustic signal to which the control signal output by the addition unit 601 is added, and the second acoustic signal and the fourth acoustic signal output by the reproduction device 110, and adds the control signal.
  • a sound based on the first acoustic signal, a sound based on the second acoustic signal, a sound based on the third acoustic signal to which the control signal is added, and a sound based on the fourth acoustic signal are emitted.
  • the sound based on the second n-1 acoustic signal to which the control signal output by is added is emitted from the positive speaker unit 1221, and the sound based on the second n acoustic signal is emitted from the negative speaker unit 1221.
  • the sounds are out of phase with each other.
  • the resulting sounds are out of phase with each other.
  • the speaker unit arranged near the right ear and the left ear of the user seated in the seat needs to be unified into a positive speaker unit or a negative speaker unit.
  • the speaker unit arranged at a position far from the right ear and the left ear of the user seated in the seat is unified into a negative speaker unit or a positive speaker unit.
  • This is different from the intended localization when the speaker units located near the right and left ears of the user seated in the seat are not unified into the positive speaker unit or the negative speaker unit.
  • This gives the user a sense of localization and causes a sense of discomfort.
  • the noise is eliminated by the sound based on the control signal among the second n-1 acoustic signals to which the control signal is added, and the noise in the vicinity area is reduced.
  • the 2n-1 acoustic signal has an antiphase relationship with the 2n acoustic signal, and is therefore based on the 2n-1 acoustic signal and the 2n acoustic signal.
  • the sound can be heard only in the vicinity of the seat where the speaker system 120 is installed, and the reproduction in the vicinity area is realized.
  • the first acoustic signal and the third acoustic signal are the right channel acoustic signal and the left channel acoustic signal of a certain sound source, respectively, the stereo sound can be heard only in the vicinity of the seat where the speaker system 120 is installed. ..
  • the number of speakers is the same for the speaker unit for the right ear and the speaker unit for the left ear, but different numbers may be realized.
  • ⁇ Sixth Embodiment> The part different from the fifth embodiment will be mainly described.
  • six speaker units are used to realize a combination of a noise reduction acoustic system and a reproduction acoustic system.
  • FIG. 9 shows an example of an acoustic system that combines a noise reduction acoustic system and a reproduction acoustic system.
  • FIG. 9 is a diagram showing an example of an acoustic system installed in an aircraft seat.
  • the speaker system of the reproduction sound system of FIG. 9 is installed in the seat so as to sandwich the head of the seated user, and the speaker unit pair is arranged so as to be close to the left and right ears.
  • the speaker unit pair 122R including the two speaker units (that is, the positive speaker unit 1221 and the negative speaker unit 1221) is arranged on the right side from the center of the seat with the direction in which the seat faces the user as the front.
  • the speaker unit pair 122L including the remaining two speaker units (that is, positive speaker unit 1221 and negative speaker unit 1221) is arranged on the left side from the center of the seat with the seat facing the user as the front. ..
  • the positive speaker unit 1221 or the negative speaker unit 1221 included in the speaker unit pair 122R is arranged closer to the right ear of the user seated in the seat than the other speaker unit 1221 included in the speaker unit pair 122R. ..
  • the positive speaker unit 1221 or the negative speaker unit 1221 included in the speaker unit pair 122L is closer to the left ear of the user seated in the seat than the other speaker unit 1221 included in the speaker unit pair 122L. Be placed.
  • the muffling speaker system of the noise reduction sound system is installed in the seat so as to be behind the head of the seated user.
  • the muffling speaker unit 5221 placed near the right ear of the user seated in the seat and the muffling speaker unit 5221 placed near the left ear of the user seated in the seat are the muffling speakers of the noise reduction sound system. Used as a speaker unit for the system.
  • the acoustic system can be installed on vehicles other than aircraft such as automobiles and trains, reclining chairs, and the like, and can also be installed in a wearable form such as on the shoulder.
  • a driver unit pair in which two driver units are arranged side by side, which corresponds to the speaker unit pair, is installed in each unit on the left and right of the headphones and earphones. May be good. Headphones are generally classified into two types, open type (open air type) and closed type (closed type), but if the above technology is applied to the open type, which is particularly concerned about sound leakage, sound leakage will be reduced. There is expected.
  • the acoustic system 610 includes a control system 510 and a muffling speaker system 520.
  • the control system 510 and the muffling speaker system 520 are as described in the second embodiment.
  • M 2.
  • the operation of the muffling speaker system is the same as that of the second embodiment.
  • the acoustic system 410 includes a reproduction device 110 and a speaker system 120.
  • the reproduction device 110 and the speaker system 120 are as described in the fourth embodiment.
  • N 2.
  • the operation of the speaker system 120 is the same as that of the fourth embodiment.
  • the positional relationship of the N speaker unit pairs 122 and the positional relationship of the positive speaker unit 1221 and the negative speaker unit 1221 are the positional relationships described in the fifth embodiment. With such a configuration, the same effect as that of the fifth embodiment can be obtained.
  • ⁇ 7th Embodiment> The part different from the fifth embodiment will be mainly described. In the present embodiment, the combination of the noise reduction acoustic system and the reproduction acoustic system is realized by using three speaker units.
  • FIG. 25 shows an example of arrangement of speaker units in an acoustic system that combines a noise reduction acoustic system and a reproduction acoustic system.
  • FIG. 25 is a diagram showing an example of an acoustic system installed in a flat headrest such as a Shinkansen seat.
  • the speaker system of the reproduction sound system of FIG. 25 is installed in the headrest portion of the seat so as to be behind the head of the seated user.
  • the positive speaker unit 1221 of the speaker unit pair 122R including the two speaker units (that is, the positive speaker unit 1221 and the negative speaker unit 1221) is on the right side from the center of the seat with the seat facing the user as the front. Placed in.
  • the negative speaker unit 1221 of the speaker unit pair 122R is arranged in the center of the seat.
  • the negative speaker unit 1221 arranged in the center of the seat is shared with the speaker unit pair 122L.
  • the remaining one speaker unit is arranged on the left side from the center of the seat with the seat facing the user as the front, and constitutes the speaker unit pair 122L together with the negative speaker unit 1221 of the speaker unit pair 122R described above.
  • the positive speaker unit 1221 of the speaker unit pair 122R and the speaker unit pair 122L are arranged closer to the right ear and the left ear of the user seated in the seat than the negative speaker unit 1221, respectively.
  • the three speaker units may be arranged in a horizontal row as shown in FIG.
  • the three speaker units may be arranged so as to form a V or ⁇ when the three speaker units are connected.
  • one speaker unit 1221 is arranged at the horizontal center or near the center of the seat, and two speakers are line-symmetrical with respect to a straight line passing vertically through the speaker unit 1221 arranged at the center or near the center.
  • a speaker unit may be arranged.
  • the speaker unit of the speaker system of the reproduction acoustic system is diverted.
  • the positive speaker unit 1221 included in the speaker unit pair 122R and the positive speaker unit 1221 included in the speaker unit pair 122L are used as the speaker unit of the speaker system of the noise reduction acoustic system.
  • the acoustic system 600 which is a noise reduction acoustic system
  • the acoustic system 620 includes a control system 510 and a muffling speaker system.
  • the control system 510 is the same as that of the first embodiment.
  • the muffling speaker system is the same as that of the fifth embodiment.
  • the acoustic system 420 which is an acoustic system for reproduction, will be described with reference to FIG. 26.
  • the acoustic system 420 includes a reproduction device 110 and a speaker system 120.
  • the reproduction device 110 is as described in the fifth embodiment.
  • the addition unit 621 includes an acoustic signal having a phase opposite to the acoustic signal input to the positive speaker unit 1221 of the first speaker unit pair 122 and an acoustic signal input to the positive speaker unit 1221 of the second speaker unit pair 122. The two input acoustic signals are added together with the opposite phase acoustic signal as an input, and the added acoustic signal is output to the negative speaker unit 1221.
  • the sounds are arranged so that they are erased from each other so that they cannot be heard by users who use other seats.
  • the second n-1 acoustic signal and the second n acoustic signal are input to the nth addition unit 601 and the addition unit 621, respectively.
  • the nth addition unit 601 is as described in the fifth embodiment.
  • the acoustic signal after addition is also referred to as a mixed acoustic signal.
  • the sound based on the second n-1 acoustic signal to which the control signal output by the adder 601 is added is emitted from the positive speaker unit 1221 of the nth speaker unit pair 122, and the sound based on the mixed acoustic signal is emitted from the negative speaker unit 1221. Sound is emitted from.
  • the sounds are out of phase with each other.
  • the resulting sounds are out of phase with each other.
  • the noise is eliminated by the sound based on the control signal among the second n-1 acoustic signals to which the control signal is added, and the noise in the vicinity area is reduced.
  • the second n-1 acoustic signal to which the control signal is added the second n-1 acoustic signal has an antiphase relationship with the second n acoustic signal included in the mixed acoustic signal, and therefore is the second n-1 acoustic signal.
  • the sound based on the second n acoustic signal can be heard only in the vicinity of the seat where the speaker system 120 is installed, and the reproduction in the vicinity area is realized.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Otolaryngology (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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  • Soundproofing, Sound Blocking, And Sound Damping (AREA)
  • Fittings On The Vehicle Exterior For Carrying Loads, And Devices For Holding Or Mounting Articles (AREA)
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