WO2022090586A1 - Air recirculation and/or conditioning system for use as vaccination - Google Patents

Air recirculation and/or conditioning system for use as vaccination Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022090586A1
WO2022090586A1 PCT/ES2020/070664 ES2020070664W WO2022090586A1 WO 2022090586 A1 WO2022090586 A1 WO 2022090586A1 ES 2020070664 W ES2020070664 W ES 2020070664W WO 2022090586 A1 WO2022090586 A1 WO 2022090586A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
air
inactivation
recirculation
space
conditioning system
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PCT/ES2020/070664
Other languages
Spanish (es)
French (fr)
Inventor
Justo RICO AMAT
Miguel Angel Barajas Velez
Alfredo RESANO LIZALDRE
José Tomás GARCIA ZABALZA
José Javier GARCIA BEROIZ
Original Assignee
Trim Biotech, S.L.
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Application filed by Trim Biotech, S.L. filed Critical Trim Biotech, S.L.
Priority to PCT/ES2020/070664 priority Critical patent/WO2022090586A1/en
Publication of WO2022090586A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022090586A1/en

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61G—TRANSPORT, PERSONAL CONVEYANCES, OR ACCOMMODATION SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PATIENTS OR DISABLED PERSONS; OPERATING TABLES OR CHAIRS; CHAIRS FOR DENTISTRY; FUNERAL DEVICES
    • A61G10/00—Treatment rooms or enclosures for medical purposes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F3/00—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems
    • F24F3/12—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling
    • F24F3/16—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling by purification, e.g. by filtering; by sterilisation; by ozonisation

Definitions

  • the field of the invention is recirculation and/or air conditioning systems, and more specifically systems that allow combating pathogenic microorganisms, such as viruses and bacteria, and their potential use as a vaccine.
  • Examples of the wavelengths of the emitted ultraviolet light used in the patents found are 253.7 nm (CN205002276U, EP1631326A1), 254 nm (CN2884003Y), and 185 nm (CN2884003Y).
  • germicidal substances such as electrolyzed water (JP2008232552A, JP2008175475A), vinegar (CN207019223U), natural herbal extracts (CN205383694U), sumac extract (EP2314303B1), ginkgo extract (EP2314302B1), formaldehyde (CN 105444303U)6 CN9223038, , Hypochlorous Acid Water (JP2013148327A), Antimicrobial and Antiviral Agents (JP2010002155A), Argon Neon Mercury Gas Mixture (CN101066466A).
  • electrolyzed water JP2008232552A, JP2008175475A
  • vinegar CN207019223U
  • natural herbal extracts CN205383694U
  • sumac extract EP2314303B1
  • ginkgo extract EP2314302B1
  • formaldehyde CN 105444303U
  • JP2010002155A Hypochlorous Acid Water
  • Chinese patent application CN110894991A deals with an indoor air conditioning system, which has inside a sterilizing ultraviolet light source that irradiates the internal parts of the heat exchanger, such as the internal wall or the air ducts, radiation that it is able to quickly kill viruses and bacteria.
  • Cigar patent application CN 108088061 A deals with a sterilizing device that is located inside air conditioning systems, which includes an ultraviolet sterilizing lamp located inside, capable of disinfecting the internal casing of an air conditioning system, more specifically germs such as viruses and bacteria that accumulate inside the heat exchanger parts of the air conditioning system, if they are not cleaned frequently.
  • Chinese patent application CN103277846A deals with an air purifying equipment using photocatalytic light, which consists of a casing, air inlet and outlet, a set of filters, a sterilizing ultraviolet lamp, and an exhaust fan.
  • the equipment is capable of killing viruses and bacteria from the ambient air introduced into the equipment, as well as degrading organic compounds and eliminating all kinds of peculiar odours.
  • Chinese Utility Model CN205227519U describes an indoor air purifying equipment, consisting of an outdoor air inlet, an ultraviolet lamp inside, a fan, filters, an air outlet, and a centrifugal impeller. The team uses a combination of ultraviolet light and catalytic light to purify viruses, bacteria, and fungi from the environment. b) elimination of the microorganism by UV in large spaces:
  • Chinese Patent CN101982704B deals with air treatment equipment to be installed in large public spaces and buildings such as hospitals, shopping malls, airport terminals, train and subway stations, etc.
  • the equipment consists of an air inlet, an air outlet, and an air treatment system consisting of an air conditioning unit, a chemical detector, a chemical sterilizer, a filter, and an ultraviolet lamp.
  • the equipment is capable of treating germs and toxic chemical agents present in the air, thus protecting people.
  • UV removal on aircraft
  • European Patent Application EP1631326A1 deals with an air conditioning system capable of disinfecting the air, to be installed inside an aircraft, for example, in the cabin.
  • the system comprises an air recirculation circuit and a UVC radiation unit to irradiate the air with ultraviolet light.
  • the recirculation circuit comprises a fan with the air inlet connected to a mechanical filter and the air outlet connected to an air mixing unit.
  • Ultraviolet light has a wavelength of 253.7 nm.
  • the system of the present invention is novel and goes a step beyond the state of the art, since in addition to inactivating pathogens, it is capable of reusing the already inactivated pathogen and recirculating it to a public space, in order to be used to stimulate the immune system of the recipient organism, such as that of a person.
  • the object of the invention is an air recirculation and/or conditioning system for a public space that allows the inactivation of pathogenic microorganisms (viruses, bacteria, etc.) coming from infected people in the public space. Said inactivation is carried out through the damage of its genetic material (DNA or RNA) by means of inactivation.
  • These means of inactivation can be physical (ultraviolet light, heat, etc.) or chemical (detergents, hydrogen peroxide, formalin, phenol, etc.) or any other means that allows the blocking of its replication capacity while maintaining its immunogenic capacity, to its potential use as a vaccine.
  • the pathogenic microorganism is inactivated, it is recirculated by the system to said public space so that it is inhaled by organisms, such as a person, and in this way the inactivated pathogenic microorganism is used as a vaccine for non-infected people. present in the public space when inhaling said inactivated pathogenic microorganism.
  • the system comprises at least one recirculating inactivation module traversed by recirculating air configured to inactivate the recirculating pathogenic microorganism by means of an inactivation medium.
  • a definition of a vaccine for example, according to the Cambridge dictionary, is “a substance containing a virus or bacteria in a form that is not harmful, and that is given to a person or animal, in order to prevent them from contracting the disease. that causes said virus or bacteria.
  • the Merrian-Webster dictionary defines a vaccine as "a preparation of killed microorganisms, attenuated microorganisms, or fully virulent live microorganisms, which is administered for the purpose of artificially producing increased immunity to disease.”
  • WHO World Health Organization
  • a vaccine helps the immune system recognize and fight pathogens such as viruses or bacteria, keeping us safe from the diseases they cause.
  • Vaccines protect against more than 25 debilitating or deadly diseases, including influenza, measles, polio, tetanus, diphtheria, meningitis, typhoid, cervical cancer, and more.
  • the system of the invention not only has a sterilizing effect on the microorganisms in the environment, but also recirculates the inactivated microorganism into the air for use as a vaccine for the people around it.
  • retention systems HEPA filters, nano-rubber filter, sponge roller group/cartridge set, nanogels, bamboo charcoal filter screen, etc. that have as subject to the removal of pathogenic microorganisms from the environment, whether or not they have been previously inactivated.
  • the system comprises at least one module for inactivating the public space configured to inactivate the pathogenic microorganism directly in the space to be conditioned by means of an inactivation medium.
  • This configuration for small or limited spaces such as an elevator, it acts directly on the environment, for example through the use of ultraviolet light or other direct application systems.
  • This inactivation module in conjunction with the inactivation module present in the recirculation circuit provides a more effective disinfection and use as a more effective vaccination method.
  • the inactivation module For the inactivation of the pathogenic microorganism and its subsequent use as a vaccine, it is necessary to set intensity parameters of the inactivation medium that allow inactivating without killing the pathogenic microorganism for use as a vaccine.
  • the system comprises at least one recirculating air analysis module to detect the type of pathogenic microorganism.
  • said air analysis module adjusts the inactivation medium and its intensity depending on the pathogenic microorganism detected.
  • the system is autonomous and versatile, enabling the inactivation of any pathogenic microorganism, including future pathogens that may arise, by allowing the detection and regulation of the inactivation medium to be applied by any of the inactivation modules.
  • Figure 1 schematically shows the system object of the present invention according to a Example of preferred practical embodiment, and not limiting, corresponding to the version in which, to inactivate the pathogenic microorganism, the air containing it is introduced inside the recirculation system, and once the organism is inside the system, it it is inactivated by a recirculation inactivation module located in the recirculation loop of the system.
  • Figure 2 schematically shows an example of an alternative embodiment corresponding to the version in which the microorganism is additionally inactivated directly on surfaces or in the environment of the same concurrence space.
  • the object of the invention is an air recirculation and/or air conditioning system that allows the inactivation of pathogenic microorganisms (viruses, bacteria, etc.) through the damage of their genetic material (DNA or RNA) by means of physical means ( ultraviolet light, heat, etc.) or chemicals (detergents, hydrogen peroxide, formalin, phenol, etc.) or any other means that allows the blocking of its replication capacity, maintaining its immunogenic capacity for its potential use as a vaccine, being known that the inhalation of an inactivated microorganism can be useful to stimulate the immune system of recipient organisms, such as people, and can act as a vaccine.
  • pathogenic microorganisms viruses, bacteria, etc.
  • DNA or RNA DNA or RNA
  • chemicals detergents, hydrogen peroxide, formalin, phenol, etc.
  • any other means that allows the blocking of its replication capacity, maintaining its immunogenic capacity for its potential use as a vaccine, being known that the inhalation of an inactivated microorganism can be useful
  • Figure 1 shows a non-limiting example of a preferred practical embodiment of this air conditioning system, corresponding to the version in which, to inactivate the pathogenic microorganism, the air containing it is introduced inside the system, and once the organism is inside the system, it is inactivated.
  • Said protocol allows to modulate and adapt the operation of the facilities to the environmental and biological parameters, thus adjusting the system its operation in time. real, to achieve maximum efficiency and minimum risk, always with the best possible energy and environmental efficiency.
  • the system obtains air from the outside by passing said outside air through an analysis and control module (1) of the air necessary to have knowledge of the parameters of this "raw" material, which will be the medium through which the pathogenic microorganisms will move. , and that allow establishing the basic criteria for the operation of the systems of neutralization and reduction of possibilities of contagion.
  • These fundamental parameters of the air to be analyzed include temperature, pressure, humidity, speed, suspended particles (classified according to origin, size and composition), biological parameters (type of pathogen, etc.), and others that are deemed appropriate.
  • Said outside air analyzed is filtered in a filter module (2) that can filter suspended particles.
  • This filtering is necessary to eliminate those elements existing in the outside air that could be a vehicle for the possible transport of pathogens, either directly, or by increasing the possibility of aerosol formation.
  • the filtered outdoor air is mixed with the air that is recirculated within the system from the space (8) and that, due to the presence of infected people, contains pathogenic microorganisms.
  • the mixing must be done considering the analytical values of both airs, the external inlet air and the recirculated air through the circuit of the system itself, adapting said mixture to the most appropriate parameters based on the measurements of the system's operation.
  • the mixed air is then treated in the air treatment unit (4) (AHU). It is preferably a conventional air conditioner, although it should be easily cleanable.
  • the treated air is analyzed in a recirculation pathogen inactivation module (5) located in the system circuit itself, so that the air parameters (temperature, humidity, etc.) and the type of contamination are determined.
  • pathogenic microorganism present in the air taking into account both its possible toxicity and its vulnerability (possibility of inactivation through the means described below), and fundamentally takes into account the vehicles (for example, the micro particles that contain the pathogens) , to prevent contagion.
  • the module inactivation of recirculating pathogens (5) selects the appropriate inactivation medium for the type of pathogenic microorganism detected.
  • the means of inactivation of known microorganisms that will be used in the inactivation module (5) work in such a way that the inactivation of the pathogen is achieved, without reaching its total destruction.
  • pathogen inactivation examples of these are the use of ultraviolet light, heating, the use of electrodes, the use of ion generators, electrostatic fields, plasma, corona effect, magnetic fields, microwaves, etc.
  • the pathogen inactivation effect of most physical media is adaptive by regulating its intensity. So that once the air parameters have been obtained and the type of pathogenic microorganism determined, the recirculation pathogen inactivation module (5) regulates the intensity of the physical medium to be used for the inactivation of the pathogen.
  • the recirculating pathogen inactivation module (5) will activate any of the four mentioned inactivation methods.
  • the invention aims to inactivate SARS-CoV-2 by ultraviolet light.
  • a wavelength of 254 nm is lethal for SARS-CoV-2, and even that at a wavelength of 222 nm this virus can be inactivated with the advantage that ultraviolet light is not harmful to the human being
  • inactivating pathogens examples of these are the use of electrolyzed water, catalytic plates, inactivating substances such as vinegar, extracts of natural herbs, sumac extract, ginkgo extract, formaldehyde, water of hypochlorous acid, antimicrobial and antiviral agents, gas mixture of argon, neon and mercury, etc.
  • the pathogen inactivation effect of most chemical media is adjustable by regulating the amount and concentration of the applied compound.
  • the recirculation pathogen inactivation module (5) regulates the quantity/concentration of the chemical medium to be used for the inactivation of the pathogen.
  • ultraviolet light is of special interest, since it is effective in modifying the genetic material (DNA, RNA) of the pathogen, preventing its spread, but without altering its morphology and structure. .
  • the system preferably comprises a second pathogen inactivation module (6), preferably separated by at least 5 meters from the first module, to be used in the event that bacterial infections are detected in the analysis, so that in this pathogen inactivation module (6) the spores are eliminated.
  • the treatment would consist, for example, of making the spores germinate (for example, at 37 °C for 12-24 h) to later inactivate them by means of any conventional inactivation means for bacteria (eg: ultraviolet light , heating, etc.) Ideally it would be installed as a "bypass" on the same circuit as a safety measure.
  • the treated air passes through a second air analysis and control module (7), which is placed prior to the entrance of the treated air to the public area of concurrence (8), and after pathogen inactivation modules (5, 6).
  • This module measures air parameters such as the correct inactivation of pathogens, in addition to parameters related to the presence of particles, humidity, temperature, etc.
  • This module can also trigger precautionary measures in case of finding any parameter not adjusted to the program.
  • the recirculated air with the inactivated pathogens that is returned to the public space (8) is regulated, being able to redirect the air currents to minimize the possible contagion of the public.
  • the air parameters are controlled by internal analysis sensors (9) located in the same public space (8).
  • the internal analysis sensors (9) may also include the possibility of obtaining data or detecting variables on the occupation of the space (8), such as through sensors, cameras or a combination of both. In this way, parameters such as the level of occupation, type of public inside, geometric characteristics, characteristics of spatial organization, functional sectorization, etc. can be obtained.
  • Knowing the occupancy allows knowing not only the number of people, but also verifying their position, to avoid concentrations at inappropriate levels, and in any case modulate the operation of the ventilation.
  • the space for public attendance (8) comprises inactivated pathogenic microorganisms that will be inhaled by the people present in the space (8), providing them with a vaccination effect.
  • the system preferably also comprises a third air analysis and control module (10).
  • This module is placed at the outlet of the treated air from the public space, in order to verify that it meets the parameters for the presence of particles, humidity, temperature etc
  • This module can also trigger precautionary measures in case of finding any parameter not adjusted to the program. So that a certain proportion of the air in the public space is expelled to the outside by means of a module for expelling the treated air to the outside (11).
  • the operation of the facilities is also modulated and adapted to the environmental and biological parameters in real time, thus adjusting the operation of the facilities to achieve the maximum parameters of efficiency and minimum risk, always with the best possible energy and environmental efficiency. .
  • Figure 2 schematically shows the system object of the present invention according to a second alternative and non-limiting example of practical embodiment, in which the microorganism, in addition to being inactivated in the system itself, is additionally inactivated directly on surfaces or in the environment. of the public space itself (8) where the subjects are.
  • This alternative embodiment is preferred when the system is installed in public places with small spaces, for example, in elevators. In these places, the use of means to eliminate pathogens from surfaces and the environment directly in the public space (8), for example, ultraviolet light, would be activated by motion detection systems, allowing the inactivation of pathogens when not present. the presence of people was detected.
  • the inactivated microorganism after inactivation, is returned to the environment so that it fulfills the function of a potential vaccine against the pathology that said pathogen would cause if it were found in a non-inactivated condition (wild version, from the English “Wild Type (WT)”).
  • the use of the recirculation and/or air conditioning system is intended for public places (8), such as: a. Open spaces such as hospitals, shopping malls, schools and universities, gyms, companies, theaters, supermarkets, processing plants or storage or distribution of food such as fruits, vegetables, meat, etc.;
  • the first embodiment of the invention is preferred for this type of space, where the inactivation of the pathogen is carried out in the air conditioning system, specifically in at least one recirculation inactivation module (5) crossed by the circulating air.
  • b. Small spaces such as elevators and vehicles, which cannot ensure a reasonable safety distance.
  • the second alternative embodiment of the invention is preferred, in which the inactivation can be both in the recirculation inactivation module (5) and in the public concurrence space inactivation module (12); for example, by using ultraviolet light in situ, given the reduced size or internal distance of this space.
  • This system can also be applied and used in places of processing and/or storage or distribution of food for human use, such as fruits, vegetables and meats. Examples of these places are fruit or vegetable auction markets, conservation chambers, or auction systems.
  • the purpose of the air conditioning and/or recirculation system would thus be to avoid contamination of the product, of the handlers, and of the consumers.
  • the system is also applicable to ventilators used for COVID-19 patients, where the virus they expel could be inactivated by the breathing system and recirculated to the patient.
  • the system is designed in such a way that it is adaptable to the inactivation of any pathogen.
  • the pathogenic microorganism(s) that are the object of inactivation of the present invention are, without limitation, bacteria, viruses, mites, mold, fungi, and yeast; or their combinations.
  • the working conditions and system parameters will be optimized for the pathogen to be inactivated. If necessary, the system would also allow the complete elimination of the pathogen, for example, by increasing the parameters used such as temperature, pressure, etc.
  • bacteria object of inactivation of the invention are Legiononella, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus and Aspergillus niger, or their combinations.
  • virus object of inactivation of the invention examples include the H1N1 influenza virus, the Ebola virus, the bird flu virus, the swine flu, MERS virus, coronary virus, SARS virus, among which the current SARS-CoV2, and other infectious viruses; or their combinations.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Pulmonology (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Disinfection, Sterilisation Or Deodorisation Of Air (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to an air recirculation and/or conditioning system. This air recirculation system has means for inactivating pathogenic microorganisms present in public spaces, such as viruses and bacteria, blocking their replication capacity by damaging their genetic material (DNA or RNA), but preserving their immunogenic capacity. This system goes beyond the current method that consists of inactivating and removing pathogenic microorganisms from the environment, since once these microorganisms are inactivated, it is capable of recirculating said inactivated microorganisms to the public space from which they came, so that they can be inhaled by the subjects present in said environment, for example, by people, and serve as a vaccine, providing them with immunity against these pathogenic microorganisms.

Description

DESCRIPCIÓN DESCRIPTION
SISTEMA DE RECIRCULACIÓN Y/O ACONDICIONADO DE AIRE PARA SU USO COMO VACUNACIÓN AIR RECIRCULATION AND/OR CONDITIONING SYSTEM FOR USE AS VACCINATION
Sector de la técnica Technical sector
El campo de la invención son los sistemas de recirculación y/o de acondicionado del aire y más concretamente los sistemas que permiten combatir los microorganismos patógenos, tales como virus y bacterias, y su potencial uso como vacuna. The field of the invention is recirculation and/or air conditioning systems, and more specifically systems that allow combating pathogenic microorganisms, such as viruses and bacteria, and their potential use as a vaccine.
Estado de la técnica state of the art
Actualmente existe una gran variedad de sistemas de recirculación de aire y sistemas de aire acondicionado con efectos esterilizantes, que son capaces de eliminar todo tipo de microorganismos o patógenos, tales como virus y bacterias. Currently there is a wide variety of air recirculation systems and air conditioning systems with sterilizing effects, which are capable of eliminating all types of microorganisms or pathogens, such as viruses and bacteria.
Estos sistemas tienen un efecto purificador del aire, porque son capaces de extraer, y/o eliminar los patógenos del medio ambiente, mediante diferentes medios de extracción de dichos patógenos. These systems have an air purifying effect, because they are capable of extracting and/or eliminating pathogens from the environment, through different means of extracting said pathogens.
A continuación, se listan algunas Patentes y Modelos de Utilidad que tratan sobre sistemas de aire acondicionado y de recirculación de aire con dicho efecto esterilizante de patógenos, en función del medio de extracción y/o eliminación utilizado para ello: Below is a list of some Patents and Utility Models that deal with air conditioning and air recirculation systems with said sterilizing effect on pathogens, depending on the means of extraction and/or elimination used for it:
• Uso de filtros: tales como filtros HEPA (CN208635218U, CN208124500U, CN109869892A, CN205878540U, CN205747428U, CN105202658A, EP2156102A1 , US5987908A), filtros de carbón activo (CN109869892A, CN207019223U, CN205747428U, CN201149329Y), filtros de nano-goma (CN206648208U), filtro que consta de un motor, un rodillo de goma y un cartucho (CN 109621565 A), nanogeles (CN205842864U, CN205227519U), pantalla de filtro de carbón de bambú (CN102466282A), filtro de kimchi para bacterias (KR2007099807A), etc. • Uso de filtros: tales como filtros HEPA (CN208635218U, CN208124500U, CN109869892A, CN205878540U, CN205747428U, CN105202658A, EP2156102A1 , US5987908A), filtros de carbón activo (CN109869892A, CN207019223U, CN205747428U, CN201149329Y), filtros de nano-goma (CN206648208U), filter consisting of motor, rubber roller and cartridge (CN 109621565 A), nanogels (CN205842864U, CN205227519U), bamboo charcoal filter screen (CN102466282A), kimchi bacteria filter (KR2007099807A), etc.
• Uso de luz ultravioleta para la eliminación de virus y bacterias, siendo uno de los más utilizados en el estado de la técnica en este tipo de sistemas. Se han encontrado un gran número de Patentes que utilizan luz ultravioleta de manera directa (CN110894991A, US20190292315A1 , KR2019054953A, CN208765170U, CN108088061A, CN206131175U, CN205383694U, CN205227519U, CN205227559U, CN205227558U, CN105318448A, CN105318445A...) o para esterilizar un sistema que recircula agua (CN202101346U), o reacciones fotocatalíticas inducidas por la excitación con luz (CN109442615A, CN208635218U, CN202126034U, CN201259283Y, CN 101290153B, CN2909069Y). Ejemplos de las longitudes de onda de la luz ultravioleta emitida utilizada en las Patentes encontradas son 253,7 nm (CN205002276U, EP1631326A1), 254 nm (CN2884003Y), y 185 nm (CN2884003Y). • Use of ultraviolet light to eliminate viruses and bacteria, being one of the most used in the state of the art in this type of system. A large number of patents have been found that use ultraviolet light directly (CN110894991A, US20190292315A1, KR2019054953A, CN208765170U, CN108088061A, CN206131175U, CN205383694U, CN205227519U, CN205227559U, CN205227558U, CN105318448A, CN105318445A...) o para esterilizar un sistema que recircula agua (CN202101346U), o reacciones fotocatalíticas inducidas por la excitación con luz (CN109442615A, CN208635218U, CN202126034U, CN201259283Y, CN 101290153B, CN2909069Y). Examples of the wavelengths of the emitted ultraviolet light used in the patents found are 253.7 nm (CN205002276U, EP1631326A1), 254 nm (CN2884003Y), and 185 nm (CN2884003Y).
• Uso de aparatos de calentamiento o incremento de temperatura (WO2019184507A1 , CN107270397A, CN1451918A), y de sistemas de evaporación (KR2019054953A). • Use of heating devices or temperature increase (WO2019184507A1, CN107270397A, CN1451918A), and evaporation systems (KR2019054953A).
• Sistemas basados en electrodos (CN111089362A, CN107781924A, CN206281069U), generadores de iones (CN205807633U, US9071040B2, W02005082427A1 , DE19932698A1), generadores de campos electrostáticos (CN206410254U, JP5177210B2), plasma (CN206540264U, CN205351586U), efecto corona• Sistemas basados en electrodos (CN111089362A, CN107781924A, CN206281069U), generadores de iones (CN205807633U, US9071040B2, W02005082427A1 , DE19932698A1), generadores de campos electrostáticos (CN206410254U, JP5177210B2), plasma (CN206540264U, CN205351586U), efecto corona
(US9457118B2), campos magnéticos (JP2008286436A), (US9457118B2), Magnetic Fields (JP2008286436A),
• Uso de microondas (CN111156644A, CN206291316U, CN110986222A). • Use of microwaves (CN111156644A, CN206291316U, CN110986222A).
• Uso de placas catalíticas (CN208652758U, CN208382421 U). • Use of catalytic plates (CN208652758U, CN208382421 U).
• Uso de ozono producido por generadores de plasma (CN208458190U, CN206398888U, WO2017152693A1). • Use of ozone produced by plasma generators (CN208458190U, CN206398888U, WO2017152693A1).
• Uso de sustancias germicidas, como agua electrolizada (JP2008232552A, JP2008175475A), vinagre (CN207019223U), extractos de hierbas naturales (CN205383694U), extracto de zumaque (EP2314303B1), extracto de ginkgo (EP2314302B1), formaldehído (CN 105444301 A, CN203869220U), agua de ácido hipocloroso (JP2013148327A), agentes antimicrobianos y antivíricos (JP2010002155A), mezcla de gases de argón, neón y mercurio (CN101066466A). • Use of germicidal substances, such as electrolyzed water (JP2008232552A, JP2008175475A), vinegar (CN207019223U), natural herbal extracts (CN205383694U), sumac extract (EP2314303B1), ginkgo extract (EP2314302B1), formaldehyde (CN 105444303U)6 CN9223038, , Hypochlorous Acid Water (JP2013148327A), Antimicrobial and Antiviral Agents (JP2010002155A), Argon Neon Mercury Gas Mixture (CN101066466A).
Tras el análisis del estado de la técnica, se ha considerado las siguientes Patentes como el estado de la técnica más cercano a la presente invención, tratando estas Patentes sobre: a) eliminación del microorganismo en el interior de sistemas de aire acondicionado: La solicitud de Patente china CN110894991A trata sobre un sistema de aire acondicionado para interiores, que tiene en su interior una fuente de luz ultravioleta esterilizante que irradia las partes internas del intercambiador de calor, tales como la pared interna o los conductos de aire, radiación que es capaz de matar rápidamente virus y bacterias. After analyzing the state of the art, the following patents have been considered as the closest state of the art to the present invention, dealing with these patents on: a) elimination of the microorganism inside air conditioning systems: Chinese patent application CN110894991A deals with an indoor air conditioning system, which has inside a sterilizing ultraviolet light source that irradiates the internal parts of the heat exchanger, such as the internal wall or the air ducts, radiation that it is able to quickly kill viruses and bacteria.
La solicitud de Patente china CN 108088061 A trata sobre un aparato esterilizante que se sitúa en el interior de sistemas de aire acondicionado, que incluye una lámpara esterilizante ultravioleta situada en su interior, capaz de desinfectar la carcasa interna de un sistema de aire acondicionado, más concretamente gérmenes como virus y bacterias que se acumulan en el interior de las piezas intercambiadoras de calor del sistema de aire acondicionado, si estas no se limpian frecuentemente. Chinese patent application CN 108088061 A deals with a sterilizing device that is located inside air conditioning systems, which includes an ultraviolet sterilizing lamp located inside, capable of disinfecting the internal casing of an air conditioning system, more specifically germs such as viruses and bacteria that accumulate inside the heat exchanger parts of the air conditioning system, if they are not cleaned frequently.
La solicitud de Patente china CN103277846A trata sobre un equipo purificador de aire mediante luz fotocatalítica, que consta de una carcasa, entrada y salida de aire, un conjunto de filtros, una lámpara ultravioleta esterilizante, y un extractor de aire. El equipo es capaz de matar los virus y bacterias del aire ambiente introducido en el equipo, así como de degradar compuestos orgánicos y eliminar todo tipo de olores peculiares. Chinese patent application CN103277846A deals with an air purifying equipment using photocatalytic light, which consists of a casing, air inlet and outlet, a set of filters, a sterilizing ultraviolet lamp, and an exhaust fan. The equipment is capable of killing viruses and bacteria from the ambient air introduced into the equipment, as well as degrading organic compounds and eliminating all kinds of peculiar odours.
El Modelo de Utilidad chino CN205227519U describe un equipo purificador de aire para interiores, que consta de una entrada de aire del exterior, una lámpara ultravioleta en su interior, un ventilador, filtros, una salida de aire, y un impulsor centrífugo. El equipo utiliza una combinación de luz ultravioleta y luz catalizadora para purificar virus, bacterias, y hongos del ambiente. b) eliminación del microorganismo por UV en espacios grandes: Chinese Utility Model CN205227519U describes an indoor air purifying equipment, consisting of an outdoor air inlet, an ultraviolet lamp inside, a fan, filters, an air outlet, and a centrifugal impeller. The team uses a combination of ultraviolet light and catalytic light to purify viruses, bacteria, and fungi from the environment. b) elimination of the microorganism by UV in large spaces:
La Patente china CN101982704B trata sobre un equipo de tratamiento de aire para ser instalado en grandes espacios públicos y edificios tales como hospitales, centros comerciales, terminales de aeropuerto, estaciones de tren y metro, etc. El equipo consta de una entrada de aire, una salida de aire, y un sistema de tratamiento de aire que consta de una unidad de aire acondicionado, un detector de sustancias químicas, un esterilizador de sustancias químicas, un filtro y una lámpara ultravioleta. El equipo es capaz de tratar eliminar gérmenes y agentes químicos tóxicos presentes en el aire, protegiendo así a las personas. c) eliminación por UV en aeronaves: Chinese Patent CN101982704B deals with air treatment equipment to be installed in large public spaces and buildings such as hospitals, shopping malls, airport terminals, train and subway stations, etc. The equipment consists of an air inlet, an air outlet, and an air treatment system consisting of an air conditioning unit, a chemical detector, a chemical sterilizer, a filter, and an ultraviolet lamp. The equipment is capable of treating germs and toxic chemical agents present in the air, thus protecting people. c) UV removal on aircraft:
La solicitud de Patente europea EP1631326A1 trata sobre un sistema de aire acondicionado capaz de desinfectar el aire, para ser instalado en el interior de una aeronave, por ejemplo, en la cabina. El sistema comprende un circuito de recirculación de aire y una unidad de radiación UVC para irradiar el aire con luz ultravioleta. El circuito de recirculación comprende un ventilador con la entrada de aire conectada a un filtro mecánico y la salida de aire conectada a una unidad mezcladora del aire. La luz ultravioleta tiene una longitud de onda de 253,7 nm. European Patent Application EP1631326A1 deals with an air conditioning system capable of disinfecting the air, to be installed inside an aircraft, for example, in the cabin. The system comprises an air recirculation circuit and a UVC radiation unit to irradiate the air with ultraviolet light. The recirculation circuit comprises a fan with the air inlet connected to a mechanical filter and the air outlet connected to an air mixing unit. Ultraviolet light has a wavelength of 253.7 nm.
Así pues, los sistemas de recirculación de aire y aire acondicionado capaces de eliminar, o extraer microorganismos y patógenos mediante diferentes medios, tanto en espacios reducidos como en espacios grandes, son ampliamente conocidos. Thus, air recirculation and air conditioning systems capable of eliminating or extracting microorganisms and pathogens by different means, both in small spaces and in large spaces, are widely known.
El sistema de la presente invención es novedoso y va un paso más allá del estado de la técnica, pues además de inactivar los patógenos, es capaz de reutilizar el patógeno ya inactivado y recircularlo a un espacio de pública concurrencia, con el fin de ser utilizado para estimular el sistema inmunitario del organismo receptor, como por ejemplo el de una persona. The system of the present invention is novel and goes a step beyond the state of the art, since in addition to inactivating pathogens, it is capable of reusing the already inactivated pathogen and recirculating it to a public space, in order to be used to stimulate the immune system of the recipient organism, such as that of a person.
Objeto de la invención Object of the invention
El objeto de la invención es un sistema de recirculación y/o acondicionamiento de aire de un espacio de pública concurrencia que permite la inactivación de microorganismos patógenos (virus, bacterias, etc.) prevenientes de personas infectadas del espacio de pública concurrencia. Dicha inactivación se realiza a través del daño de su material genético (ADN o ARN) mediante medios de inactivación. Estos medios de inactivación pueden ser físicos (luz ultravioleta, calor, etc.) o químicos (detergentes, agua oxigenada, formalina, fenol, etc.) o cualquier otro medio que permita el bloqueo de su capacidad de replicación manteniendo su capacidad inmunogénica, para su potencial uso como vacuna. Una vez inactivado el microorganismo patógeno, éste es recirculado por el sistema a dicho espacio de pública concurrencia para que sea inhalado por organismos, como por ejemplo una persona, y que de esta forma el microorganismo patógeno inactivado se utilice como vacuna para las personas no infectadas presentes en el espacio de pública concurrencia al inhalar dicho microorganismo patógeno inactivado. Preferentemente de acuerdo con la invención, el sistema comprende al menos un módulo de inactivación de recirculación atravesado por el aire en recirculación configurado para inactivar el microorganismo patógeno en recirculación mediante un medio de inactivación. De forma que entra el aire en el circuito de recirculación del sistema con el microorganismo patógeno presente en el ambiente debido a la estancia en el espacio de personas infectadas, siendo dicho microorganismo patógeno inactivado por el módulo de inactivación de recirculación dentro del circuito de recirculación. Posteriormente el aire con el microorganismo patógeno inactivo se recircula de nuevo al espacio de pública concurrencia quedando en el ambiente para que sea inhalado por una persona no infectada cumpliendo el efecto de vacunación. The object of the invention is an air recirculation and/or conditioning system for a public space that allows the inactivation of pathogenic microorganisms (viruses, bacteria, etc.) coming from infected people in the public space. Said inactivation is carried out through the damage of its genetic material (DNA or RNA) by means of inactivation. These means of inactivation can be physical (ultraviolet light, heat, etc.) or chemical (detergents, hydrogen peroxide, formalin, phenol, etc.) or any other means that allows the blocking of its replication capacity while maintaining its immunogenic capacity, to its potential use as a vaccine. Once the pathogenic microorganism is inactivated, it is recirculated by the system to said public space so that it is inhaled by organisms, such as a person, and in this way the inactivated pathogenic microorganism is used as a vaccine for non-infected people. present in the public space when inhaling said inactivated pathogenic microorganism. Preferably according to the invention, the system comprises at least one recirculating inactivation module traversed by recirculating air configured to inactivate the recirculating pathogenic microorganism by means of an inactivation medium. So that the air enters the recirculation circuit of the system with the pathogenic microorganism present in the environment due to the stay in the space of infected people, said pathogenic microorganism being inactivated by the recirculation inactivation module within the recirculation circuit. Subsequently, the air with the inactive pathogenic microorganism is recirculated back to the public space, remaining in the environment to be inhaled by an uninfected person, fulfilling the vaccination effect.
Una definición de vacuna, por ejemplo, según el diccionario Cambridge, es “una sustancia que contiene un virus o bacteria en una forma que no es dañina, y que se proporciona a una persona o animal, con el fin de prevenir que contraigan la enfermedad que causa dicho virus o bacteria’’. El diccionario Merrian-Webster por su parte define una vacuna como “una preparación de microorganismos muertos, microorganismos atenuados, o microorganismos vivos completamente virulentos, que se administra con el fin de producir de forma artificial una inmunidad incrementada a una enfermedad’’. A definition of a vaccine, for example, according to the Cambridge dictionary, is “a substance containing a virus or bacteria in a form that is not harmful, and that is given to a person or animal, in order to prevent them from contracting the disease. that causes said virus or bacteria. The Merrian-Webster dictionary defines a vaccine as "a preparation of killed microorganisms, attenuated microorganisms, or fully virulent live microorganisms, which is administered for the purpose of artificially producing increased immunity to disease."
Además, la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) indica que la vacunación es una de las formas más satisfactorias de prevenir enfermedades. Una vacuna ayuda al sistema inmunitario a reconocer y luchar contra patógenos tales como virus o bacterias, lo que nos mantiene a salvo de las enfermedades que causan. Las vacunas protegen contra más de veinticinco enfermedades debilitantes o letales, entra las que se incluyen gripe, sarampión, polio, tétanos, difteria, meningitis, fiebre tifoidea, cáncer de cuello uterino, etc. In addition, the World Health Organization (WHO) indicates that vaccination is one of the most satisfactory ways of preventing diseases. A vaccine helps the immune system recognize and fight pathogens such as viruses or bacteria, keeping us safe from the diseases they cause. Vaccines protect against more than 25 debilitating or deadly diseases, including influenza, measles, polio, tetanus, diphtheria, meningitis, typhoid, cervical cancer, and more.
Es decir, el sistema de la invención no solo tiene un efecto esterilizante de los microorganismos del ambiente, sino que además recircula el microorganismo inactivado al aire para su uso como vacuna para las personas situadas a su alrededor. Esta es la principal diferencia respecto a los sistemas que actualmente se aplican, donde se utilizan sistemas de retención (filtros HEPA, nano-rubber filter, sponge roller group/cartridge set, nanogeles, bamboo charcoal filter screen,...) que tienen como objeto la retirada del medio ambiente de los microorganismos patógenos hayan sido o no inactivados previamente. In other words, the system of the invention not only has a sterilizing effect on the microorganisms in the environment, but also recirculates the inactivated microorganism into the air for use as a vaccine for the people around it. This is the main difference with respect to the systems that are currently applied, where retention systems are used (HEPA filters, nano-rubber filter, sponge roller group/cartridge set, nanogels, bamboo charcoal filter screen,...) that have as subject to the removal of pathogenic microorganisms from the environment, whether or not they have been previously inactivated.
De acuerdo con otro aspecto, el sistema comprende al menos un módulo de inactivación del espacio de pública concurrencia configurado para inactivar mediante un medio de inactivación el microorganismo patógeno directamente en el espacio a acondicionar. According to another aspect, the system comprises at least one module for inactivating the public space configured to inactivate the pathogenic microorganism directly in the space to be conditioned by means of an inactivation medium.
Gracias a esta configuración, para espacios pequeños o limitados como puede ser un ascensor, se actúa directamente sobre el ambiente por ejemplo mediante el uso de luz ultravioleta u otros sistemas de aplicación directa. Así, además de inactivar los microorganismos patógenos presentes en el ambiente, se consigue desinfectar las superficies en las que se haya establecido contacto, como pueden ser los botones del ascensor. Este módulo de inactivación en conjunción con el módulo de inactivación presente en el circuito de recirculación proporciona una desinfección más efectiva y un uso como método de vacunación más eficaz. Thanks to this configuration, for small or limited spaces such as an elevator, it acts directly on the environment, for example through the use of ultraviolet light or other direct application systems. Thus, in addition to inactivating the pathogenic microorganisms present in the environment, it is possible to disinfect the surfaces where contact has been established, such as elevator buttons. This inactivation module in conjunction with the inactivation module present in the recirculation circuit provides a more effective disinfection and use as a more effective vaccination method.
Para la inactivación del microorganismo patógeno y su posterior uso como vacuna es necesario fijar unos parámetros de intensidad del medio de inactivación que permitan inactivar sin matar el microorganismo patógeno para su uso como vacuna. Con este fin, según otro aspecto de la invención es posible actuar sobre el módulo de inactivación para graduar la intensidad del medio de inactivación, esto es, regulando la temperatura, intensidad de luz ultravioleta, tiempo de aplicación, etc... , para conseguir la inactivación de patógenos que impida su replicación, pero no elimine sus características estructurales necesarias para conseguir que sea inmunogénico y desencadene así una respuesta inmunitaha efectiva en la persona que lo adquiere. For the inactivation of the pathogenic microorganism and its subsequent use as a vaccine, it is necessary to set intensity parameters of the inactivation medium that allow inactivating without killing the pathogenic microorganism for use as a vaccine. To this end, according to another aspect of the invention, it is possible to act on the inactivation module to adjust the intensity of the inactivation medium, that is, by regulating the temperature, intensity of ultraviolet light, application time, etc..., to achieve the inactivation of pathogens that prevents its replication, but does not eliminate its structural characteristics necessary to make it immunogenic and thus trigger an effective immune response in the person who acquires it.
Adicionalmente, de forma preferente, el sistema comprende al menos un módulo de análisis del aire en recirculación para detección del tipo de microorganismo patógeno. De forma que dicho módulo de análisis del aire ajusta el medio de inactivación y la intensidad del mismo en función del microorganismo patógeno detectado. Additionally, preferably, the system comprises at least one recirculating air analysis module to detect the type of pathogenic microorganism. In such a way that said air analysis module adjusts the inactivation medium and its intensity depending on the pathogenic microorganism detected.
Gracias a esta configuración, el sistema es autónomo y versátil posibilitando la inactivación de cualquier microorganismo patógeno, incluso de futuros patógenos que puedan surgir, al permitir detectar y regular el medio de inactivación a aplicar por parte de cualquiera de los módulos de inactivación. Thanks to this configuration, the system is autonomous and versatile, enabling the inactivation of any pathogenic microorganism, including future pathogens that may arise, by allowing the detection and regulation of the inactivation medium to be applied by any of the inactivation modules.
Descripción de las figuras Description of the figures
La Figura 1 muestra esquemáticamente el sistema objeto de la presente invención según un ejemplo de realización práctica preferente, y no limitativa, correspondiente a la versión en la que, para inactivar el microorganismo patógeno, se introduce el aire que lo contiene en el interior del sistema de recirculación, y una vez el organismo está dentro del sistema, éste es inactivado mediante un módulo de inactivación de recirculación situado en el circuito de recirculación del sistema. Figure 1 schematically shows the system object of the present invention according to a Example of preferred practical embodiment, and not limiting, corresponding to the version in which, to inactivate the pathogenic microorganism, the air containing it is introduced inside the recirculation system, and once the organism is inside the system, it it is inactivated by a recirculation inactivation module located in the recirculation loop of the system.
La Figura 2 muestra esquemáticamente un ejemplo de realización alternativa correspondiente a la versión en la que el microorganismo adicionalmente se inactiva directamente sobre superficies o en el ambiente del mismo espacio de concurrencia. Figure 2 schematically shows an example of an alternative embodiment corresponding to the version in which the microorganism is additionally inactivated directly on surfaces or in the environment of the same concurrence space.
Descripción detallada de la invención Detailed description of the invention
El objeto de la invención es un sistema de recirculación de aire y/o de aire acondicionado que permite la inactivación de microorganismos patógenos (virus, bacterias, etc.) a través del daño de su material genético (ADN o ARN) mediante medios físicos (luz ultravioleta, calor, etc.) o químicos (detergentes, agua oxigenada, formalina, fenol, etc.) o cualquier otro medio que permita el bloqueo de su capacidad de replicación, manteniendo su capacidad inmunogénica para su potencial uso como vacuna, siendo conocido que la inhalación de un microorganismo inactivado puede ser útil para estimular el sistema inmunitaho de los organismos receptores, como por ejemplo personas, pudiendo actuar como vacuna. Existen patentes (ej: US6651655B1) y publicaciones científicas en estos campos (ej: European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics 133 (2018) 85-95; ej: Brit. J. Clin. Practice (1973) Vol.27 No.6, 219-21). The object of the invention is an air recirculation and/or air conditioning system that allows the inactivation of pathogenic microorganisms (viruses, bacteria, etc.) through the damage of their genetic material (DNA or RNA) by means of physical means ( ultraviolet light, heat, etc.) or chemicals (detergents, hydrogen peroxide, formalin, phenol, etc.) or any other means that allows the blocking of its replication capacity, maintaining its immunogenic capacity for its potential use as a vaccine, being known that the inhalation of an inactivated microorganism can be useful to stimulate the immune system of recipient organisms, such as people, and can act as a vaccine. There are patents (eg: US6651655B1) and scientific publications in these fields (eg: European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics 133 (2018) 85-95; eg: Brit. J. Clin. Practice (1973) Vol.27 No.6, 219 -twenty-one).
En la Figura 1 se muestra un ejemplo no limitativo de realización práctica preferente de este sistema de acondicionamiento de aire, correspondiente a la versión en la que, para inactivar el microorganismo patogénico, se introduce el aire que lo contiene en el interior del sistema, y una vez el organismo está dentro del sistema, éste es inactivado. Figure 1 shows a non-limiting example of a preferred practical embodiment of this air conditioning system, corresponding to the version in which, to inactivate the pathogenic microorganism, the air containing it is introduced inside the system, and once the organism is inside the system, it is inactivated.
Para que el sistema de la Figura 1 consiga de forma adecuada los objetivos previstos, es decir la auto-inmunización de las personas ocupantes del espacio de pública concurrencia (8) a los patógenos, es necesario seguir un protocolo estricto en el funcionamiento. In order for the system in Figure 1 to adequately achieve the intended objectives, that is, the self-immunization of the people occupying the public space (8) against pathogens, it is necessary to follow a strict protocol in its operation.
Dicho protocolo permite modular y adaptar el funcionamiento de las instalaciones a los parámetros ambientales y biológicos, ajustando así el sistema su funcionamiento en tiempo real, para conseguir máxima eficacia y mínimo riesgo, siempre con la mejor eficiencia energética y medio ambiental posible. Said protocol allows to modulate and adapt the operation of the facilities to the environmental and biological parameters, thus adjusting the system its operation in time. real, to achieve maximum efficiency and minimum risk, always with the best possible energy and environmental efficiency.
Así pues, el sistema obtiene aire del exterior pasando dicho aire exterior por un módulo de análisis y control (1) del aire necesario para tener conocimiento de los parámetros de esta materia “prima” que será el medio por el que se moverán los microorganismos patógenos, y que permiten establecer los criterios básicos para el funcionamiento de los sistemas de neutralización y reducción de posibilidades de contagio. Dichos parámetros fundamentales del aire a analizar incluyen temperatura, presión, humedad, velocidad, partículas en suspensión (clasificadas según origen, tamaño y composición), parámetros biológicos (tipo de patógeno, etc.), y otros que se estimen oportunos. Thus, the system obtains air from the outside by passing said outside air through an analysis and control module (1) of the air necessary to have knowledge of the parameters of this "raw" material, which will be the medium through which the pathogenic microorganisms will move. , and that allow establishing the basic criteria for the operation of the systems of neutralization and reduction of possibilities of contagion. These fundamental parameters of the air to be analyzed include temperature, pressure, humidity, speed, suspended particles (classified according to origin, size and composition), biological parameters (type of pathogen, etc.), and others that are deemed appropriate.
Dicho aire exterior analizado es filtrado en un módulo de filtrado (2) que puede filtrar partículas en suspensión. Este filtrado es necesario para que se eliminen aquellos elementos existentes en el aire exterior que puedan significar un vehículo para el posible transporte de patógenos, bien directamente, o bien por incremento de posibilidad de formación de aerosoles. Said outside air analyzed is filtered in a filter module (2) that can filter suspended particles. This filtering is necessary to eliminate those elements existing in the outside air that could be a vehicle for the possible transport of pathogens, either directly, or by increasing the possibility of aerosol formation.
En este momento, en un módulo de mezclado (3) se mezcla el aire exterior filtrado con el aire que se recircula dentro del sistema proveniente del espacio (8) y que debido a la presencia de personas infectadas contiene los microorganismos patógenos. El mezclado debe hacerse considerando los valores analíticos de ambos aires, el aire exterior de entrada y el recirculado por el circuito del propio sistema, adecuándose dicha mezcla a los parámetros más adecuados en función de las mediciones de funcionamiento del sistema. At this time, in a mixing module (3), the filtered outdoor air is mixed with the air that is recirculated within the system from the space (8) and that, due to the presence of infected people, contains pathogenic microorganisms. The mixing must be done considering the analytical values of both airs, the external inlet air and the recirculated air through the circuit of the system itself, adapting said mixture to the most appropriate parameters based on the measurements of the system's operation.
A continuación, el aire mezclado es tratado en la unidad de tratamiento de aire (4) (UTA). Preferentemente se trata de un climatizador convencional, si bien es conveniente que sea fácilmente limpiable. The mixed air is then treated in the air treatment unit (4) (AHU). It is preferably a conventional air conditioner, although it should be easily cleanable.
En este paso, el aire tratado es analizado en un módulo de inactivación de patógenos de recirculación (5) situado en el propio circuito del sistema, de forma que se determinan los parámetros del aire (temperatura, humedad, etc.) y el tipo de microorganismo patógeno presente en el aire, atendiendo tanto a su posible toxicidad como a su vulnerabilidad (posibilidad de inactivación mediante los medios descritos a continuación), y fundamentalmente tiene en consideración los vehículos (por ejemplo las mi ero partí cu las que contienen los patógenos), para evitar su contagiabilidad. De esta forma el módulo de inactivación de patógenos de recirculación (5) selecciona el medio de inactivación adecuado al tipo de microorganismo patógeno detectado. In this step, the treated air is analyzed in a recirculation pathogen inactivation module (5) located in the system circuit itself, so that the air parameters (temperature, humidity, etc.) and the type of contamination are determined. pathogenic microorganism present in the air, taking into account both its possible toxicity and its vulnerability (possibility of inactivation through the means described below), and fundamentally takes into account the vehicles (for example, the micro particles that contain the pathogens) , to prevent contagion. In this way the module inactivation of recirculating pathogens (5) selects the appropriate inactivation medium for the type of pathogenic microorganism detected.
Los medios de inactivación de microorganismos conocidos que se emplearán en el módulo de inactivación (5) funcionan de tal manera que se consigue la inactivación del patógeno, sin llegar a su destrucción total. The means of inactivation of known microorganisms that will be used in the inactivation module (5) work in such a way that the inactivation of the pathogen is achieved, without reaching its total destruction.
Por lo que se refiere a medios físicos de inactivación de patógenos, ejemplos de estos son el uso de luz ultravioleta, el calentamiento, el uso de electrodos, el uso de generadores de iones, de campos electrostáticos, de plasma, de efecto corona, de campos magnéticos, de microondas, etc. El efecto de inactivación de patógenos de la mayoría de los medios físicos es adaptable mediante la regulación de su intensidad. De manera que una vez obtenidos los parámetros del aire y determinado el tipo de microorganismo patógeno, el módulo de inactivación de patógenos de recirculación (5) regula la intensidad del medio físico a emplear para la inactivación del patógeno. As far as physical means of pathogen inactivation are concerned, examples of these are the use of ultraviolet light, heating, the use of electrodes, the use of ion generators, electrostatic fields, plasma, corona effect, magnetic fields, microwaves, etc. The pathogen inactivation effect of most physical media is adaptive by regulating its intensity. So that once the air parameters have been obtained and the type of pathogenic microorganism determined, the recirculation pathogen inactivation module (5) regulates the intensity of the physical medium to be used for the inactivation of the pathogen.
A modo de ejemplos no limitativos, para el virus SARS-CoV hay estudios que prueban la inactivación mediante calentamiento a temperaturas en torno a 60 °C durante 30 minutos, el uso de luz ultravioleta de 254 nm de longitud de onda, el uso de medios ácidos (pH<3) o alcalinos (pH>12), o el uso de tratamientos con formalin y glutaraldehído. Por lo tanto, al detectarse que el virus presente en el aire de recirculación es el SARS-CoV, el módulo de inactivación de patógenos de recirculación (5) activará cualquiera de los cuatro métodos de inactivación mencionados. By way of non-limiting examples, for the SARS-CoV virus there are studies that prove inactivation by heating at temperatures around 60 °C for 30 minutes, the use of ultraviolet light with a wavelength of 254 nm, the use of acids (pH<3) or alkalines (pH>12), or the use of treatments with formalin and glutaraldehyde. Therefore, upon detecting that the virus present in the recirculating air is SARS-CoV, the recirculating pathogen inactivation module (5) will activate any of the four mentioned inactivation methods.
Para el actual virus SARS-CoV-2 se ha comprobado que hay estudios que prueban la inactivación mediante calentamiento a 56-60 °C durante 30 minutos, o inactivación química mediante lisis basada en guanidinio. For the current SARS-CoV-2 virus, it has been verified that there are studies that prove inactivation by heating at 56-60 °C for 30 minutes, or chemical inactivation by lysis based on guanidinium.
Preferentemente, la invención pretende la inactivación del SARS-CoV-2 mediante luz ultravioleta. Según recientes estudios publicados, una longitud de onda de 254 nm es letal para el SARS-CoV-2, e incluso que a una longitud de onda de 222 nm se puede inactivar este virus con la ventaja de que la luz ultravioleta no es dañina para el ser humano. Preferably, the invention aims to inactivate SARS-CoV-2 by ultraviolet light. According to recent published studies, a wavelength of 254 nm is lethal for SARS-CoV-2, and even that at a wavelength of 222 nm this virus can be inactivated with the advantage that ultraviolet light is not harmful to the human being
En cuanto a la inmunidad conseguida a partir de coronavirus inactivado, existen evidencias en ratones que indican que el coronavirus inactivado por luz ultravioleta es capaz de generar en ratones una respuesta inmunitaria en los pulmones, este estudio se puede encontrar en el artículo académico 10.1128/JVI.00983-14. Existen experiencias previas en las que se ha producido SARS coronavirus a gran escala e inactivado mediante el uso de luz UV para generar vacunas (DOI: 10.1007/978-1 -59745-181 -9_11). Esto demuestra que el propio SARS2-CoV inactivado por luz UV puede ser utilizado como una vacuna, siendo el objeto preferente de la presente invención. Regarding the immunity achieved from inactivated coronavirus, there is evidence in mice that indicates that the coronavirus inactivated by ultraviolet light is capable of generating in mice an immune response in the lungs, this study can be found in academic paper 10.1128/JVI.00983-14. There are previous experiences in which SARS coronavirus has been produced on a large scale and inactivated by using UV light to generate vaccines (DOI: 10.1007/978-1 -59745-181 -9_11). This demonstrates that SARS2-CoV itself inactivated by UV light can be used as a vaccine, being the preferred object of the present invention.
Por lo que se refiere a medios químicos de inactivación de patógenos, ejemplos de estos son el uso de agua electrolizada, de placas catalíticas, de sustancias inactivadoras como el vinagre, extractos de hierbas naturales, extracto de zumaque, extracto de ginkgo, formaldehído, agua de ácido hipocloroso, agentes antimicrobianos y antivíricos, mezcla de gases de argón, neón y mercurio, etc. El efecto de inactivación de patógenos de la mayoría de los medios químicos es regulable mediante la regulación de la cantidad y concentración del compuesto aplicado. Así, en caso de ser necesario aplicar un medio químico, el módulo de inactivación de patógenos de recirculación (5) regula la cantidad/concentración del medio químico a emplear para la inactivación del patógeno. As regards chemical means of inactivating pathogens, examples of these are the use of electrolyzed water, catalytic plates, inactivating substances such as vinegar, extracts of natural herbs, sumac extract, ginkgo extract, formaldehyde, water of hypochlorous acid, antimicrobial and antiviral agents, gas mixture of argon, neon and mercury, etc. The pathogen inactivation effect of most chemical media is adjustable by regulating the amount and concentration of the applied compound. Thus, if it is necessary to apply a chemical medium, the recirculation pathogen inactivation module (5) regulates the quantity/concentration of the chemical medium to be used for the inactivation of the pathogen.
De entre los medios de inactivación anteriormente mencionados, es de especial interés el uso de luz ultravioleta, ya que es efectiva a la hora de modificar el material genético (ADN, ARN) del patógeno, evitando su propagación, pero sin alterar su morfología y estructura. Among the means of inactivation mentioned above, the use of ultraviolet light is of special interest, since it is effective in modifying the genetic material (DNA, RNA) of the pathogen, preventing its spread, but without altering its morphology and structure. .
Una vez inactivado el microorganismo patógeno, de forma preferente, el sistema comprende un segundo módulo de inactivación de patógenos (6), separado preferentemente al menos 5 metros del primer módulo, a emplear para el caso de que en el análisis se detecten infecciones bacterianas, de forma que en este módulo de inactivación de patógenos (6) se eliminan las esporas. En el caso de la eliminación de esporas, el tratamiento consistiría por ejemplo en hacer que las esporas germinen (por ejemplo, a 37 °C durante 12-24 h) para posteriormente inactivarlas mediante cualquier medio de inactivación convencional para bacterias (ej: luz ultravioleta, calentamiento, etc.) Idealmente se instalaría en forma de “bypass” sobre el mismo circuito como medida de seguridad. Once the pathogenic microorganism has been inactivated, the system preferably comprises a second pathogen inactivation module (6), preferably separated by at least 5 meters from the first module, to be used in the event that bacterial infections are detected in the analysis, so that in this pathogen inactivation module (6) the spores are eliminated. In the case of the elimination of spores, the treatment would consist, for example, of making the spores germinate (for example, at 37 °C for 12-24 h) to later inactivate them by means of any conventional inactivation means for bacteria (eg: ultraviolet light , heating, etc.) Ideally it would be installed as a "bypass" on the same circuit as a safety measure.
Una vez obtenido el aire tratado y con el microorganismo patógeno inactivo, este pasa por un segundo módulo de análisis y control del aire (7), que se coloca previamente a la entrada del aire tratado a la zona pública de concurrencia (8), y tras los módulos de inactivación de los patógenos (5, 6). Este módulo mide parámetros del aire tales como la correcta inactivación de los patógenos, además de parámetros relacionados con la presencia de partículas, humedad, temperatura etc. Este módulo puede además disparar medidas de precaución en caso de encontrar algún parámetro no ajustado al programa. Once the treated air is obtained and with the inactive pathogenic microorganism, it passes through a second air analysis and control module (7), which is placed prior to the entrance of the treated air to the public area of concurrence (8), and after pathogen inactivation modules (5, 6). This module measures air parameters such as the correct inactivation of pathogens, in addition to parameters related to the presence of particles, humidity, temperature, etc. This module can also trigger precautionary measures in case of finding any parameter not adjusted to the program.
De este modo, se regula el aire recirculado con los patógenos inactivados que se devuelve al espacio de pública concurrencia (8), pudiéndose redireccionar las corrientes de aire para minimizar los posibles contagios del público. Los parámetros del aire se controlan mediante sensores de análisis interno (9) situados en el mismo espacio de pública concurrencia (8). In this way, the recirculated air with the inactivated pathogens that is returned to the public space (8) is regulated, being able to redirect the air currents to minimize the possible contagion of the public. The air parameters are controlled by internal analysis sensors (9) located in the same public space (8).
Aún más preferentemente, los sensores de análisis interno (9) también pueden comprender la posibilidad de obtener datos o detectar variables sobre la ocupación del espacio (8), como puede ser mediante sensores, cámaras o la combinación de ambos. De este modo, se pueden obtener parámetros tales como el nivel de ocupación, tipo de público en su interior, características geométricas, características de ordenación espacial, de sectorización funcional, etc. Even more preferably, the internal analysis sensors (9) may also include the possibility of obtaining data or detecting variables on the occupation of the space (8), such as through sensors, cameras or a combination of both. In this way, parameters such as the level of occupation, type of public inside, geometric characteristics, characteristics of spatial organization, functional sectorization, etc. can be obtained.
El conocimiento de la ocupación permite conocer no sólo la cantidad de personas, sino de verificar su posición, para evitar concentraciones en niveles inadecuados, y en cualquier caso modular el funcionamiento de la ventilación. Knowing the occupancy allows knowing not only the number of people, but also verifying their position, to avoid concentrations at inappropriate levels, and in any case modulate the operation of the ventilation.
Todas estas variables son integradas en el sistema mediante una unidad central de proceso, donde se analizan, se coordinan y se ajustan para obtener la máxima eficiencia del sistema, tanto en evitar en lo posible el contagio, como en obtener la auto-inmunización de los sujetos que son expuestos al aire resultante, teniendo en cuenta los términos y precauciones necesarias de acuerdo a los conocimientos del estado de la técnica. De modo que la unidad central de proceso adecúa el funcionamiento del sistema a las variables de funcionamiento en tiempo real. All these variables are integrated into the system through a central processing unit, where they are analyzed, coordinated and adjusted to obtain the maximum efficiency of the system, both in avoiding contagion as much as possible and in obtaining auto-immunization of the subjects that are exposed to the resulting air, taking into account the necessary terms and precautions according to the knowledge of the state of the art. So that the central processing unit adapts the operation of the system to the variables of operation in real time.
De este modo el espacio de pública concurrencia (8) comprende microorganismos patógenos inactivados que serán inhalados por las personas presentes en el espacio (8) proporcionándoles un efecto de vacunación. In this way, the space for public attendance (8) comprises inactivated pathogenic microorganisms that will be inhaled by the people present in the space (8), providing them with a vaccination effect.
El sistema preferentemente comprende además un tercer módulo de análisis y control del aire (10). Este módulo se coloca a la salida del aire tratado del espacio de pública concurrencia, con el fin de comprobar que éste cumple con los parámetros de presencia de partículas, humedad, temperatura etc. Este módulo puede además disparar medidas de precaución en caso de encontrar algún parámetro no ajustado al programa. De forma que una determinada proporción del aire del espacio de pública concurrencia se expulsa al exterior por medio de un módulo de expulsión del aire tratado al exterior (11). Con ello además se modula y adapta el funcionamiento de las instalaciones a los parámetros ambientales y biológicos en tiempo real, ajustando así el funcionamiento de las instalaciones para conseguir los máximos parámetros de eficacia y mínimo riesgo, siempre con la mejor eficiencia energética y medio ambiental posible. The system preferably also comprises a third air analysis and control module (10). This module is placed at the outlet of the treated air from the public space, in order to verify that it meets the parameters for the presence of particles, humidity, temperature etc This module can also trigger precautionary measures in case of finding any parameter not adjusted to the program. So that a certain proportion of the air in the public space is expelled to the outside by means of a module for expelling the treated air to the outside (11). With this, the operation of the facilities is also modulated and adapted to the environmental and biological parameters in real time, thus adjusting the operation of the facilities to achieve the maximum parameters of efficiency and minimum risk, always with the best possible energy and environmental efficiency. .
La Figura 2 muestra esquemáticamente el sistema objeto de la presente invención según un segundo ejemplo de realización práctica alternativa y no limitativo, en el que el microorganismo, además de inactivarse en el propio sistema, se inactiva adicionalmente de forma directa sobre superficies o en el ambiente del propio espacio de pública concurrencia (8) donde se encuentran los sujetos. Esta realización alternativa es preferida cuando el sistema se instala en lugares de pública concurrencia con espacios de dimensiones reducidas como, por ejemplo, en ascensores. En estos lugares, el uso de medios para eliminar los patógenos de superficies y del ambiente directamente en el espacio de pública concurrencia (8), por ejemplo, luz ultravioleta, se activaría mediante sistemas de detección de movimiento, permitiendo la inactivación de patógenos cuando no se detectase la presencia de personas. Figure 2 schematically shows the system object of the present invention according to a second alternative and non-limiting example of practical embodiment, in which the microorganism, in addition to being inactivated in the system itself, is additionally inactivated directly on surfaces or in the environment. of the public space itself (8) where the subjects are. This alternative embodiment is preferred when the system is installed in public places with small spaces, for example, in elevators. In these places, the use of means to eliminate pathogens from surfaces and the environment directly in the public space (8), for example, ultraviolet light, would be activated by motion detection systems, allowing the inactivation of pathogens when not present. the presence of people was detected.
Así pues, en ambas realizaciones, tras la inactivación, el microorganismo inactivado se devuelve al ambiente para que cumpla la función de una potencial vacuna frente a la patología que causaría dicho patógeno si se encontrara en condición no inactivada (versión salvaje, del inglés “Wild Type (WT)”). Thus, in both embodiments, after inactivation, the inactivated microorganism is returned to the environment so that it fulfills the function of a potential vaccine against the pathology that said pathogen would cause if it were found in a non-inactivated condition (wild version, from the English “Wild Type (WT)”).
El uso del sistema de recirculación y/o acondicionamiento de aire está pensado para lugares de pública concurrencia (8), tales como: a. Espacios abiertos como hospitales, centros comerciales, escuelas y universidades, gimnasios, empresas, teatros, grandes superficies, plantas de procesado o almacenamiento o distribución de alimentos tales como frutas, verduras, carnes, etc.; prefiriéndose para este tipo de espacios la primera realización de la invención, en dónde la inactivación del patógeno se realiza en el sistema de aire acondicionado, concretamente en al menos un módulo de inactivación de recirculación (5) atravesado por el aire en circulación. b. Espacios reducidos como ascensores y vehículos, que no pueden asegurar una distancia de seguridad prudencial. Para este tipo de espacios es preferida la segunda realización alternativa de la invención, en la que la inactivación puede ser tanto en el módulo de inactivación de recirculación (5) como en el módulo de inactivación del espacio de pública concurrencia (12); por ejemplo, mediante el uso de luz ultravioleta in situ, dado el reducido tamaño o distancia interna de este espacio. The use of the recirculation and/or air conditioning system is intended for public places (8), such as: a. Open spaces such as hospitals, shopping malls, schools and universities, gyms, companies, theaters, supermarkets, processing plants or storage or distribution of food such as fruits, vegetables, meat, etc.; The first embodiment of the invention is preferred for this type of space, where the inactivation of the pathogen is carried out in the air conditioning system, specifically in at least one recirculation inactivation module (5) crossed by the circulating air. b. Small spaces such as elevators and vehicles, which cannot ensure a reasonable safety distance. For this type of space, the second alternative embodiment of the invention is preferred, in which the inactivation can be both in the recirculation inactivation module (5) and in the public concurrence space inactivation module (12); for example, by using ultraviolet light in situ, given the reduced size or internal distance of this space.
Este sistema también puede aplicarse y usarse en lugares de procesado y/o almacenamiento o distribución de alimentos para uso humano, tales como frutas, verduras y carnes. Ejemplos de estos lugares son lonjas de subasta de frutas o verduras, las cámaras de conservación, o los sistemas de subasta. El fin del sistema de acondicionamiento y/o recirculación de aire sería así pues evitar la contaminación del producto, de los manipuladores, y de los consumidores. This system can also be applied and used in places of processing and/or storage or distribution of food for human use, such as fruits, vegetables and meats. Examples of these places are fruit or vegetable auction markets, conservation chambers, or auction systems. The purpose of the air conditioning and/or recirculation system would thus be to avoid contamination of the product, of the handlers, and of the consumers.
El sistema es también aplicable a los respiradores que se utilizan para pacientes COVID-19, donde el virus que expelen podría ser inactivado por el sistema de respiración y recirculado al propio paciente. Esto tendría una doble función, además de ser utilizado como vacuna, evitaría que los sitios de unión que utiliza SARS-Cov2 estén disponibles para el virus no atenuado, evitando así su posible replicación. The system is also applicable to ventilators used for COVID-19 patients, where the virus they expel could be inactivated by the breathing system and recirculated to the patient. This would have a dual function, in addition to being used as a vaccine, it would prevent the binding sites used by SARS-Cov2 from being available to the non-attenuated virus, thus preventing its possible replication.
El sistema está diseñado de forma que sea modulable a la inactivación de cualquier patógeno. Ejemplos del/los microorganismo(s) patógeno(s) que son objeto de inactivación de la presente invención son, sin limitarse a estos, bacterias, virus, ácaros, moho, hongos, y levadura; o sus combinaciones. Las condiciones de trabajo y parámetros del sistema se optimizarán para el patógeno a ser inactivado. De ser necesario, el sistema también permitiría la eliminación completa del patógeno, por ejemplo, mediante el incremento de los parámetros utilizados tales como temperatura, presión, etc. The system is designed in such a way that it is adaptable to the inactivation of any pathogen. Examples of the pathogenic microorganism(s) that are the object of inactivation of the present invention are, without limitation, bacteria, viruses, mites, mold, fungi, and yeast; or their combinations. The working conditions and system parameters will be optimized for the pathogen to be inactivated. If necessary, the system would also allow the complete elimination of the pathogen, for example, by increasing the parameters used such as temperature, pressure, etc.
Ejemplos de bacterias objeto de inactivación de la invención son la Legiononella, la Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus y Aspergillus niger, o sus combinaciones. Examples of bacteria object of inactivation of the invention are Legiononella, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus and Aspergillus niger, or their combinations.
Ejemplos del virus objeto de inactivación de la invención son el virus de la gripe H1 N1 , el virus del Ébola, el virus de la gripe aviar, la gripe porcina, virus MERS, virus coronario, virus SARS, entre los que se destaca el actual SARS-CoV2, y otros virus infecciosos; o sus combinaciones. Examples of the virus object of inactivation of the invention are the H1N1 influenza virus, the Ebola virus, the bird flu virus, the swine flu, MERS virus, coronary virus, SARS virus, among which the current SARS-CoV2, and other infectious viruses; or their combinations.
Finalmente, debe tenerse en cuenta que en este documento se describen sólo algunas realizaciones de la invención, por lo que el experto en la materia comprenderá que también son posibles otras realizaciones equivalentes o alternativas de la invención, así como sus modificaciones obvias y equivalentes. Es por ello que el alcance de los aspectos de la invención no debe limitarse a las realizaciones concretas específicamente descritas. Finally, it should be noted that this document describes only a few embodiments of the invention, so the person skilled in the art will understand that other equivalent or alternative embodiments of the invention, as well as their obvious and equivalent modifications, are also possible. That is why the scope of the aspects of the invention should not be limited to the specific embodiments specifically described.

Claims

REIVINDICACIONES
1. Sistema de recirculación y/o acondicionamiento de aire de un espacio de pública concurrencia (8) para poner en circulación el aire de dicho espacio (8) y devolverlo al mismo, caracterizado porque está configurado para inactivar, durante la recirculación de aire, un microorganismo patógeno proveniente del espacio (8), generando un daño de su material genético (ADN o ARN) mediante un medio de inactivación capaz de bloquear su capacidad de replicación, pero preservando su capacidad inmunogénica, de manera que el microorganismo patógeno inactivo es devuelto al espacio (8) para estimular el sistema inmunitaho de un organismo receptor presente en dicho espacio (8) actuando como vacuna. 1. Air recirculation and/or conditioning system for a public space (8) to circulate the air in said space (8) and return it to it, characterized in that it is configured to inactivate, during air recirculation, a pathogenic microorganism from space (8), generating damage to its genetic material (DNA or RNA) by means of an inactivation medium capable of blocking its replication capacity, but preserving its immunogenic capacity, so that the inactive pathogenic microorganism is returned to the space (8) to stimulate the immune system of a recipient organism present in said space (8) acting as a vaccine.
2. Sistema de recirculación y/o acondicionamiento de aire según la reivindicación 1 , caracterizado por que comprende al menos un módulo de inactivación de recirculación (5) atravesado por el aire en recirculación, configurado para inactivar el microorganismo patógeno en recirculación mediante un medio de inactivación. 2. Recirculation and/or air conditioning system according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises at least one recirculation inactivation module (5) crossed by the recirculating air, configured to inactivate the pathogenic microorganism in recirculation by means of a means of inactivation.
3. Sistema de recirculación y/o acondicionamiento de aire según una de las reivindicaciones 1 o 2, que comprende al menos un módulo de inactivación del espacio de pública concurrencia (12), configurado para inactivar el microorganismo patógeno directamente en el espacio (8) mediante un medio de inactivación. 3. Recirculation and/or air conditioning system according to one of claims 1 or 2, comprising at least one inactivation module for the public space (12), configured to inactivate the pathogenic microorganism directly in the space (8) by means of inactivation.
4. Sistema de recirculación y/o acondicionamiento de aire según una de las reivindicaciones 1 a 3, caracterizado porque el módulo de inactivación (5, 12) es graduable en intensidad para la inactivación de patógenos. 4. Air recirculation and/or conditioning system according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the inactivation module (5, 12) is adjustable in intensity for the inactivation of pathogens.
5. Sistema de recirculación y/o acondicionamiento de aire según la reivindicación 4, que comprende al menos un módulo de análisis del aire en recirculación para detección del tipo de microorganismo patógeno y configurado para ajustar el medio de inactivación del microorganismo patógeno y la intensidad de inactivación del módulo de inactivación (5, 12). 5. Recirculation and/or air conditioning system according to claim 4, comprising at least one recirculating air analysis module for detecting the type of pathogenic microorganism and configured to adjust the means of inactivation of the pathogenic microorganism and the intensity of inactivation of the inactivation module (5, 12).
6. Sistema de recirculación y/o acondicionamiento de aire según una de las reivindicaciones 1 a 5 anteriores, que comprende sensores de análisis interno (9) en el espacio de pública concurrencia (8), que pueden controlar los parámetros del aire, así como detectar variables de ocupación del espacio (8) tales como su nivel de ocupación, tipo de público en su interior, características geométricas, características de ordenación espacial, o de sectohzación funcional. 6. Recirculation and/or air conditioning system according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 5, comprising internal analysis sensors (9) in the public space (8), which can control the air parameters, as well as detect variables of occupation of the space (8) such as its level of occupation, type of public inside, geometric characteristics, spatial ordering characteristics, or sectoring functional.
7. Sistema de recirculación y/o acondicionamiento de aire según una de las reivindicaciones 1 a 5, en el que el medio de inactivación del microorganismo patógeno en recirculación y/o en el espacio de pública concurrencia (8) es un medio físico. 7. Recirculation and/or air conditioning system according to one of claims 1 to 5, in which the means of inactivating the pathogenic microorganism in recirculation and/or in the public space (8) is a physical medium.
8. Sistema de recirculación y/o acondicionamiento de aire según una de las reivindicaciones 1 a 5, en el que el medio de inactivación del microorganismo patógeno en recirculación y/o en el espacio de pública concurrencia (12) es un medio químico. 8. Recirculation and/or air conditioning system according to one of claims 1 to 5, in which the means of inactivating the pathogenic microorganism in recirculation and/or in the public space (12) is a chemical means.
PCT/ES2020/070664 2020-10-29 2020-10-29 Air recirculation and/or conditioning system for use as vaccination WO2022090586A1 (en)

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