WO2022089537A1 - 自动回充移动方法及系统 - Google Patents

自动回充移动方法及系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022089537A1
WO2022089537A1 PCT/CN2021/127045 CN2021127045W WO2022089537A1 WO 2022089537 A1 WO2022089537 A1 WO 2022089537A1 CN 2021127045 W CN2021127045 W CN 2021127045W WO 2022089537 A1 WO2022089537 A1 WO 2022089537A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
charging pile
robot
point cloud
automatic recharging
pose
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PCT/CN2021/127045
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
朱俊安
张涛
郭璁
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深圳市普渡科技有限公司
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Publication of WO2022089537A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022089537A1/zh

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    • GPHYSICS
    • G05CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05DSYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
    • G05D1/00Control of position, course, altitude or attitude of land, water, air or space vehicles, e.g. using automatic pilots
    • G05D1/02Control of position or course in two dimensions
    • G05D1/021Control of position or course in two dimensions specially adapted to land vehicles
    • G05D1/0231Control of position or course in two dimensions specially adapted to land vehicles using optical position detecting means
    • G05D1/0238Control of position or course in two dimensions specially adapted to land vehicles using optical position detecting means using obstacle or wall sensors
    • G05D1/024Control of position or course in two dimensions specially adapted to land vehicles using optical position detecting means using obstacle or wall sensors in combination with a laser
    • GPHYSICS
    • G05CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05DSYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
    • G05D1/00Control of position, course, altitude or attitude of land, water, air or space vehicles, e.g. using automatic pilots
    • G05D1/02Control of position or course in two dimensions
    • G05D1/021Control of position or course in two dimensions specially adapted to land vehicles
    • G05D1/0212Control of position or course in two dimensions specially adapted to land vehicles with means for defining a desired trajectory
    • G05D1/0221Control of position or course in two dimensions specially adapted to land vehicles with means for defining a desired trajectory involving a learning process
    • GPHYSICS
    • G05CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05DSYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
    • G05D1/00Control of position, course, altitude or attitude of land, water, air or space vehicles, e.g. using automatic pilots
    • G05D1/02Control of position or course in two dimensions
    • G05D1/021Control of position or course in two dimensions specially adapted to land vehicles
    • G05D1/0212Control of position or course in two dimensions specially adapted to land vehicles with means for defining a desired trajectory
    • G05D1/0223Control of position or course in two dimensions specially adapted to land vehicles with means for defining a desired trajectory involving speed control of the vehicle
    • GPHYSICS
    • G05CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05DSYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
    • G05D1/00Control of position, course, altitude or attitude of land, water, air or space vehicles, e.g. using automatic pilots
    • G05D1/02Control of position or course in two dimensions
    • G05D1/021Control of position or course in two dimensions specially adapted to land vehicles
    • G05D1/0212Control of position or course in two dimensions specially adapted to land vehicles with means for defining a desired trajectory
    • G05D1/0225Control of position or course in two dimensions specially adapted to land vehicles with means for defining a desired trajectory involving docking at a fixed facility, e.g. base station or loading bay
    • GPHYSICS
    • G05CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05DSYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
    • G05D1/00Control of position, course, altitude or attitude of land, water, air or space vehicles, e.g. using automatic pilots
    • G05D1/02Control of position or course in two dimensions
    • G05D1/021Control of position or course in two dimensions specially adapted to land vehicles
    • G05D1/0231Control of position or course in two dimensions specially adapted to land vehicles using optical position detecting means
    • G05D1/0242Control of position or course in two dimensions specially adapted to land vehicles using optical position detecting means using non-visible light signals, e.g. IR or UV signals
    • GPHYSICS
    • G05CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05DSYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
    • G05D1/00Control of position, course, altitude or attitude of land, water, air or space vehicles, e.g. using automatic pilots
    • G05D1/02Control of position or course in two dimensions
    • G05D1/021Control of position or course in two dimensions specially adapted to land vehicles
    • G05D1/0257Control of position or course in two dimensions specially adapted to land vehicles using a radar
    • GPHYSICS
    • G05CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05DSYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
    • G05D1/00Control of position, course, altitude or attitude of land, water, air or space vehicles, e.g. using automatic pilots
    • G05D1/02Control of position or course in two dimensions
    • G05D1/021Control of position or course in two dimensions specially adapted to land vehicles
    • G05D1/0276Control of position or course in two dimensions specially adapted to land vehicles using signals provided by a source external to the vehicle
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0013Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of robotics, and in particular, to a method and system for automatic recharging and moving.
  • Robots are gradually replacing some human jobs.
  • robots have been widely used in restaurants, hotels, hospitals, government agencies and other scenarios to provide services such as distribution and guidance.
  • Robots used in the above scenarios need to overcome the limitations of the use site and perform trackless movement.
  • the robot has a power system. When the power is consumed, the power system needs to be charged in time.
  • a common method is that the robot automatically finds a charging pile for charging.
  • the existing automatic recharging method has the problems that the robot moves slowly to the pile and has low accuracy of the pile.
  • an automatic recharging mobile method and system are provided.
  • the present application provides an automatic recharging and moving method.
  • the method is applied to a robot to locate and move a charging pile, the charging pile has characteristic information, the robot includes a laser radar, and the method includes:
  • the robot searches the feature information through the lidar, and calculates the pose of the charging pile;
  • the present application also provides an automatic recharging system, which applies the above-mentioned automatic recharging moving method.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of the parameters of the automatic recharging and moving method involved in the present application
  • FIG. 2 shows a flow chart of an embodiment of the automatic recharging movement method involved in the present application
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic diagram of the composition of the reflective sign of the automatic recharging and moving method involved in the present application
  • FIG. 4 shows a flow chart of another embodiment of the automatic recharging and moving method involved in the present application
  • FIG. 5 shows a schematic structural diagram of the characteristic three-dimensional structure of the automatic recharging and moving method involved in the present application
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing the structure of the feature information of the automatic recharging movement method involved in the present application.
  • the embodiments of the present application relate to an automatic recharging and moving method, which is applied to a robot to locate and move a charging pile.
  • the charging pile has characteristic information.
  • the robot includes a lidar.
  • the method includes:
  • the robot searches the feature information through the lidar, and calculates the pose of the charging pile;
  • the robot can be more stable when moving close to the charging pile.
  • the pose is used to describe the position and pose of the object.
  • the present embodiment does not limit the pose representation method.
  • the fourth threshold is a predetermined specific value.
  • FIG. 1 shows the positional relationship between the robot 10 and the charging pile 20 .
  • the calculation method of the moving speed specifically includes:
  • the output movement speed can control the robot to move towards the charging pile quickly, smoothly and smoothly.
  • the calculation method of excellent(r, ⁇ , ⁇ ) specifically includes:
  • Equation 1 Calculate Grid(r, ⁇ , ⁇ ) according to Equation 1.
  • k 1 and k 2 are both constants, k 1 >0, k 2 >1, ⁇ is the angle between the robot facing direction and the robot-charging pile connection direction, ⁇ is the charging pile facing direction The included angle with the connection direction of the robot-charging pile.
  • the connection direction of the robot and the charging pile is the extension direction of the straight line where the robot and the charging pile are located.
  • the formula 1 specifically includes:
  • the straight-line distance r is the distance between the robot and the midpoint of the charging pile
  • is the angle between the robot’s facing direction and the connection direction of the robot-charging pile midpoint
  • is the charging pile’s facing direction.
  • the connection direction of the robot-charging pile midpoint is the extension direction of the straight line between the midpoint of the charging pile and the robot.
  • the alignment of the robot and the charging pile can be made more accurate.
  • the feature information is a reflective mark.
  • the robot also includes a positioning module.
  • the positioning module outputs the pose of the robot.
  • the lidar scans and acquires a laser point cloud.
  • the robot searches the feature information through the lidar, and calculates the pose of the charging pile, which specifically includes:
  • the robot's pose output by the positioning module and the position of the charging pile in the world coordinate system are fused to assist in determining the search range, which not only improves the search calculation efficiency of the alternative laser point cloud, but also improves the robot
  • the calculation amount can be greatly reduced; further screening based on the point cloud length of the candidate point cloud greatly simplifies the search process and can quickly identify the charging pile.
  • the actual point cloud can identify the position of the charging pile more quickly and accurately, and the robot continuously aligns the position of the charging pile accurately and adjusts the moving speed based on multi-sensor fusion during the movement process. , which can ensure that the robot is more stable in the process of moving close to the charging pile.
  • the charging pile may have a characteristic length.
  • the feature length is greater than the third threshold, and the feature length is less than the second threshold. Therefore, by removing the candidate laser point cloud whose point cloud length is greater than the second threshold, and by removing the candidate laser point cloud whose point cloud length is less than the third threshold, point clouds that obviously do not belong to the charging pile can be quickly removed.
  • the characteristic length may be the width of the charging pile. Specifically, the characteristic length may be the width of the section of the charging pile parallel to the ground.
  • the collection of laser point clouds includes several segments of candidate laser point clouds.
  • the first threshold may be determined according to the degree to which the light intensity of the feedback is higher than the light intensity of the surrounding environment.
  • the step of fitting the selected candidate laser point cloud into a straight line specifically includes;
  • the selected candidate laser point cloud is fitted into a straight line by a random sampling consistency (RANdomSAmple Consensus, RANSAC) algorithm.
  • RANSAC RandomSAmple Consensus
  • the straight line fitted based on the alternative laser point cloud has higher accuracy, thereby improving the positioning accuracy of the robot to the charging pile.
  • the reflective sign 22 includes a plurality of light absorbing sheets 221 and a plurality of reflective sheets 222 .
  • the plurality of light-absorbing sheets 221 and the plurality of light-reflecting sheets 222 are arranged in a straight line. In this case, it is easy to identify the docking direction corresponding to the charging pile, which can not only reduce the amount of calculation, but also simplify the difficulty of locating the charging pile.
  • the adjacent light-absorbing sheets 221 and the light-reflecting sheets 222 have the same length.
  • the lengths of the adjacent light-absorbing sheets 221 and the light-reflecting sheets 222 may not be equal.
  • the robot stores characteristic information of the charging pile.
  • the robot also includes a positioning module.
  • the positioning module outputs the pose of the robot.
  • the lidar scans and acquires a laser point cloud.
  • the robot searches the feature information through the lidar, and calculates the pose of the charging pile, which specifically includes:
  • the robot According to the position of the charging pile in the world coordinate system and the pose of the robot, calculate the position information of the charging pile in the laser coordinate system, set the search range according to the position information, and perform the search for the charging pile. Search the laser point cloud within the range;
  • the robot's pose outputted by the positioning module and the position of the charging pile in the world coordinate system are fused to assist in determining the search range, which not only improves the search calculation efficiency of the point cloud of the charging pile, but also improves the robot's ability to use
  • the positioning accuracy of the charging pile, and the alignment based on the distance map of the ideal point cloud can greatly reduce the amount of calculation; combined with rough alignment and violent search alignment, the laser point cloud with the smallest alignment error is selected as the charging pile point cloud.
  • the multi-sensors are integrated into the algorithm for the robot to identify the charging pile, so that the robot can quickly and accurately align the charging pile; and during the movement of the robot, the Based on multi-sensor fusion, the position of the charging pile is continuously accurately aligned, and the moving speed is adjusted, which can ensure that the robot is more stable in the process of moving close to the charging pile.
  • the ideal point cloud of the feature information and the distance map of the ideal point cloud are pre-stored in the robot after being calculated by the processor of the robot. Therefore, when the robot locates the charging pile, it only needs to call the ideal point cloud of the feature information and the distance map of the ideal point cloud, without repeated calculation, which not only improves the calculation efficiency, but also increases the calculation amount.
  • the position of the charging pile in the world coordinate system is preset. Further, the position of the charging pile in the world coordinate system is set after the robot completes the mapping.
  • the position of the charging pile in the world coordinate system is obtained by robot mapping.
  • the positioning module may include at least one of a vision sensor, an odometer, an IMU, an infrared sensor.
  • the sliding window has a first specific width
  • the interval between the sliding windows is a second specific width
  • the sum of the first specific width and the second specific width is not greater than the characteristic length. Therefore, the sliding window search segments the laser point cloud within the search range, and under the constraint that the sum of the first specific width and the second specific width is not greater than the feature length, it is ensured that the candidate point cloud is ideal contained in the point cloud.
  • the location information includes the maximum positioning error boundary
  • the step of setting the search range specifically includes:
  • the search range is set centered on the maximum positioning error boundary.
  • the search range can completely cover the point cloud of the charging pile to avoid outputting wrong search results.
  • the search range is preferably circular.
  • the search range can also be other two-dimensional shapes such as rectangles and polygons.
  • the feature information includes at least one of a reflective mark and a feature three-dimensional structure.
  • the automatic recharging and moving method involved in the present application has wide versatility, is not limited by the characteristics of the charging pile, and can flexibly set the characteristic information according to the actual usage scenario.
  • the feature information includes a relief structure.
  • the concavo-convex structure is a characteristic three-dimensional structure.
  • the length of the concave-convex structure is the characteristic length.
  • the concave-convex structure consists of a plurality of convex and concave portions with equal lengths and spaced apart.
  • the concave-convex structure is composed of several convex parts 232 and concave parts 231 with unequal lengths.
  • the convex portion 232 and the concave portion 231 are arranged at intervals.
  • the concave-convex structure is disposed toward the outside of the charging pile.
  • the outside of the charging pile may be the part that is docked with the robot for charging.
  • the concave-convex structure can be arranged on the facade of the charging pile.
  • the characteristic information of the charging pile is the outline diagram of the concave-convex structure in FIG. 5 .
  • the feature information in FIG. 6 can be used to calculate an ideal point cloud, and the structure of the concave-convex structure is drawn with lines. As a result, the amount of computation can be significantly reduced.
  • step 103 before step 103, it further includes:
  • the laser data is sorted according to the time sequence of laser scanning, which avoids re-sorting each candidate point cloud, greatly reduces the amount of calculation, and improves the calculation efficiency.
  • step 104 specifically includes:
  • the positioning module includes an odometer, and after step 105, it further includes:
  • the extended Kalman filter is used to track the pose of the charging pile.
  • the odometer data can be integrated to effectively find the pose of the wrongly identified charging pile, thereby improving the overall accuracy of identifying the charging pile.
  • the embodiments of the present application also relate to an automatic recharging system, which applies the above-mentioned automatic recharging moving method.
  • the robot can be more stable when moving close to the charging pile.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Control Of Position, Course, Altitude, Or Attitude Of Moving Bodies (AREA)
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Abstract

一种自动回充移动方法及系统,自动回充移动方法应用于机器人定位充电桩并向充电桩移动,充电桩具有特征信息,机器人包括激光雷达,机器人通过激光雷达搜索特征信息,并计算充电桩的位姿;机器人与充电桩的直线距离r为第四阈值时,根据充电桩的位姿,计算机器人到达充电桩的平滑轨迹并计算输出机器人的移动速度。

Description

自动回充移动方法及系统
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求于2020年10月29日提交中国专利局、申请号为202011187624.0、申请名称为“自动回充移动方法及系统”的中国专利申请的优先权,其全部内容通过引用结合到本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及机器人技术领域,特别涉及一种自动回充移动方法及系统。
背景技术
服务机器人正逐步替代部分人工的工作。目前,已将机器人广泛应用于餐厅、酒店、医院、政府机构等场景中,提供配送、引导等服务。应用于上述场景中的机器人需要克服使用场地的限制,进行无轨道移动。机器人具有电源系统,当电量消耗后,需要对电源系统及时进行充电。常用的方式是,机器人自动寻找充电桩进行充电。然而,现有的自动回充方法,存在机器人对桩移动过程缓慢,对桩精度低的问题。
发明内容
根据本申请的各种实施例,提供一种自动回充移动方法及系统。
本申请实施方式提供如下技术方案:
本申请提供一种自动回充移动方法,所述方法应用于机器人定位充电桩并向充电桩移动,所述充电桩具有特征信息,所述机器人包括激光雷达,所述方法包括:
所述机器人通过所述激光雷达搜索所述特征信息,并计算所述充电桩的位姿;
所述机器人与所述充电桩的直线距离r为第四阈值时,根据所述充电桩的位 姿,计算所述机器人到达所述充电桩的平滑轨迹并计算输出所述机器人的移动速度。
本申请还提供一种自动回充系统,应用如上所述的自动回充移动方法。
本申请的一个或多个实施例的细节在下面的附图和描述中提出。本申请的其它特征和优点将从说明书、附图以及权利要求书变得明显。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例或现有技术中的技术方案,下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍,显而易见地,下面描述中的附图仅仅是本申请的一些实施例,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动的前提下,还可以根据这些附图获得其他实施例的附图。
图1示出了本申请所涉及的自动回充移动方法的参数示意图;
图2示出了本申请所涉及的自动回充移动方法的实施方式的流程图;
图3示出了本申请所涉及的自动回充移动方法的反光标识的构成示意图;
图4示出了本申请所涉及的自动回充移动方法的另一实施方式的流程图;
图5示出了本申请所涉及的自动回充移动方法的特征立体结构的构成示意图;
图6示出了本申请所涉及的自动回充移动方法的特征信息的构成示意图。
具体实施方式
为了便于理解本申请,下面将参照相关附图对本申请进行更全面的描述。附图中给出了本申请的较佳实施例。但是,本申请可以以许多不同的形式来实现,并不限于本文所描述的实施例。相反地,提供这些实施例的目的是使对本申请的公开内容的理解更加透彻全面。
除非另有定义,本文所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于发明的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同。本文中在发明的说明书中所使用的术语只 是为了描述具体的实施例的目的,不是旨在限制本申请。本文所使用的术语“和/或”包括一个或多个相关的所列项目的任意的和所有的组合。
本申请实施方式涉及一种自动回充移动方法,所述方法应用于机器人定位充电桩并向充电桩移动。所述充电桩具有特征信息。所述机器人包括激光雷达。所述方法包括:
所述机器人通过所述激光雷达搜索所述特征信息,并计算所述充电桩的位姿;
所述机器人与所述充电桩的直线距离r为第四阈值时,根据所述充电桩的位姿,计算所述机器人到达所述充电桩的平滑轨迹并计算输出所述机器人的移动速度。
在这种情况下,机器人在移动过程中,通过调节移动速度,可以保障机器人在靠近充电桩移动的过程中更加稳定。
在本实施方式中,所述位姿用于描述物体的位置和姿态。关于位姿表示方法,本实施方式不做限定。在本实施方式中,第四阈值为预先设定的特定值。
图1示出了机器人10和充电桩20的位置关系。在本实施方式中,所述移动速度的计算方法,具体包括:
根据
Figure PCTCN2021127045-appb-000001
计算所述移动速度,其中,v(к)为所述移动速度,r为所述机器人与所述充电桩的直线距离,к为机器人移动轨迹的曲率,v max为所述机器人的最大移动速度,β和λ均为常数,β>0,λ>1。
在这种情况下,输出的移动速度可控制机器人快速、顺畅且平稳地向充电桩移动。
在本实施方式中,所述к(r,θ,δ)的计算方法,具体包括:
根据公式1计算к(r,θ,δ)。公式1为
Figure PCTCN2021127045-appb-000002
Figure PCTCN2021127045-appb-000003
其中,k 1和k 2均为常数,k 1>0,k 2>1,δ为所述机器人正对方向与机器人-充电桩连线方向的夹角,θ为所述充电桩正对方向与所述机器 人-充电桩连线方向的夹角。具体而言,所述机器人-充电桩连线方向即为机器人与充电桩共同所在直线的延伸方向。
在本实施方式中,所述公式1,具体包括:
所述直线距离r为所述机器人与所述充电桩的中点的距离,δ为所述机器人正对方向与机器人-充电桩中点连线方向的夹角,θ为所述充电桩正对方向与所述机器人-充电桩中点连线方向的夹角。具体而言,所述机器人-充电桩中点连线方向,即为充电桩的中点与机器人所在直线的延伸方向。
由此,可以使机器人与充电桩的对位更加准确。
如图2所示,在本实施方式中,所述特征信息为反光标识。所述机器人还包括定位模块。所述定位模块输出所述机器人的位姿。所述激光雷达扫描并获取激光点云。所述机器人通过所述激光雷达搜索所述特征信息,并计算所述充电桩的位姿的步骤,具体包括:
301、搜索反馈光强高于第一阈值的若干段备选激光点云;
302、根据所述充电桩在世界坐标系下的位置与所述机器人的位姿,计算所述充电桩在激光坐标系下的位置信息,根据所述位置信息设定搜索范围,对所述搜索范围内的所述备选激光点云进行搜索;
303、计算所述备选激光点云的点云长度,去除所述点云长度大于第二阈值的所述备选激光点云,以及去除所述点云长度小于第三阈值的所述备选激光点云;
304、将筛选后的所述备选激光点云拟合成直线,计算所述直线在所述机器人坐标系下的位置,输出所述充电桩的位姿。
在这种情况下,基于定位模块输出的机器人的位姿及充电桩在世界坐标系下的位置进行融合来辅助确定搜索范围,既提升了备选激光点云的搜索计算效率,又提升了机器人对于充电桩的定位精度,并且基于理想点云的距离图进行对齐,可大幅减少计算量;进一步基于备选点云的点云长度进行筛选,大幅简化了搜索过程,可迅速识别出充电桩的实际点云,相比于其他充电桩定位算法 可以更迅速且准确的识别出充电桩位置,并且机器人在移动过程中,基于多传感器融合持续对充电桩的位置进行精确对准,并调节移动速度,可以保障机器人在靠近充电桩移动的过程中更加稳定。
在本实施方式中,充电桩可以具有特征长度。特征长度大于第三阈值,并且特征长度小于第二阈值。由此,通过去除点云长度大于第二阈值的备选激光点云,以及去除点云长度小于第三阈值的备选激光点云,可快速去除明显不属于充电桩所对应的点云。
在一些示例中,特征长度可以为充电桩的宽度。具体而言,特征长度可以为充电桩平行于地面的截面的宽度。
在一些示例中,所述激光点云的合集包括若干段备选激光点云。
在一些示例中,所述第一阈值可以根据反馈的光强高于周围环境的光强的程度确定。
在本实施方式中,所述将筛选后的所述备选激光点云拟合成直线的步骤,具体包括;
通过随机抽样一致性(RANdomSAmple Consensus,RANSAC)算法将筛选后的所述备选激光点云拟合成直线。
由此,使得基于备选激光点云拟合的直线具有更高的精度,从而提升了机器人对充电桩的定位精度。
如图3所示,在本实施方式中,所述反光标识22包括若干吸光片221和若干反光片222。所述若干吸光片221和若干反光片222呈直线排列。在这种情况下,便于识别充电桩所对应的对接方向,既可以减少计算量,又可以简化对充电桩的定位难度。
在一些示例中,相邻的所述吸光片221和所述反光片222的长度相等。
可以理解的是,在一些示例中,相邻的所述吸光片221和所述反光片222的长度可以不相等。
如图4所示,在一些示例中,所述机器人存储所述充电桩的特征信息。所 述机器人还包括定位模块。所述定位模块输出所述机器人的位姿。所述激光雷达扫描并获取激光点云。所述机器人通过所述激光雷达搜索所述特征信息,并计算所述充电桩的位姿的步骤,具体包括:
101、计算所述特征信息的理想点云及所述理想点云的距离图;
102、根据所述充电桩在世界坐标系下的位置与所述机器人的位姿,计算所述充电桩在激光坐标系下的位置信息,根据所述位置信息设定搜索范围,对所述搜索范围内的所述激光点云进行搜索;
103、采用滑动窗口对所述搜索范围内的所述激光点云进行搜索以输出若干段候选点云;
104、将每一段所述候选点云与所述理性点云进行粗略对齐,并采用所述距离图进行暴力搜索对齐,并输出对齐误差,选取对齐误差最小的所述激光点云为充电桩点云;
105、以所述充电桩点云为初值,使用奇异值分解法对所述充电桩点云与所述理想点云进行对齐,计算所述充电桩的位姿。
在这种情况下,基于定位模块输出的机器人的位姿及充电桩在世界坐标系下的位置进行融合来辅助确定搜索范围,既提升了充电桩点云的搜索计算效率,又提升了机器人对于充电桩的定位精度,并且基于理想点云的距离图进行对齐,可大幅减少计算量;结合粗略对齐与暴力搜索对齐,选取对齐误差最小的所述激光点云为充电桩点云,在此基础上与理想点云对齐,从而综合提升搜索准确率及效率;因此将多传感器融合于机器人识别充电桩的算法中,总体上使机器人可迅速完成精确对准充电桩;并且机器人在移动过程中,基于多传感器融合持续对充电桩的位置进行精确对准,并调节移动速度,可以保障机器人在靠近充电桩移动的过程中更加稳定。
在一些示例中,所述特征信息的理想点云及所述理想点云的距离图经过机器人的处理器计算后预存于机器人。由此,机器人在对充电桩进行定位时,仅需调用特征信息的理想点云及所述理想点云的距离图,无需重复计算,既提升 了计算效率,又提升了计算量。
在一些示例中,所述充电桩在世界坐标系下的位置为预先设定。进一步地,所述充电桩在世界坐标系下的位置在机器人完成建图后设定。
在一些示例中,所述充电桩在世界坐标系下的位置通过机器人建图得出。
在一些示例中,定位模块可以包括视觉传感器、里程计、IMU、红外传感器中的至少一种。
在一些示例中,所述滑动窗口为第一特定宽度,所述滑动窗口的间隔为第二特定宽度,所述第一特定宽度与所述第二特定宽度之和不大于所述特征长度。由此,滑动窗口搜索将搜索范围内的激光点云进行分段,在所述第一特定宽度与所述第二特定宽度之和不大于所述特征长度约束下,确保了候选点云被理想点云所包含。
在本实施方式中,所述位置信息包括最大定位误差边界,所述设定搜索范围的步骤,具体包括:
以所述最大定位误差边界为中心设定所述搜索范围。
在这种情况下,搜索范围可以完全覆盖充电桩的点云,避免输出错误搜索结果。
在一些示例中,优选地,搜索范围呈圆形。搜索范围也可以为矩形、多边形等其他二维形状。
在一些示例中,所述特征信息至少包括反光标识和特征立体结构中的一种。在这种情况下,本申请涉及的自动回充移动方法具有广泛的通用性,不受充电桩特征的局限,可以根据实际使用场景灵活设定特征信息。
在一些示例中,所述特征信息包括凹凸结构。换而言之,凹凸结构为特征立体结构。所述凹凸结构的长度为所述特征长度。由此,凹凸结构的特征识别可适用低配置的激光雷达,从而降低激光雷达的适用成本。
在一些示例中,所述凹凸结构由若干长度相等且间隔设置的凸部和凹部构成。
如图5所示,在一些示例中,所述凹凸结构由若干长度不相等的凸部232和凹部231构成。所述凸部232和所述凹部231间隔设置。
进一步地,所述凹凸结构朝向所述充电桩的外部设置。具体而言,充电桩的外部可以是与机器人对接充电的部分。凹凸结构可以设置于充电桩的立面。
如图6所示,充电桩的特征信息为图5中凹凸结构的轮廓线图。具体而言,步骤102中可以采用图6中的特征信息计算理想点云,将凹凸结构的构成用线条描绘。由此可显著降低计算量。
在本实施方式中,步骤103之前还包括:
将所述激光雷达的数据在所述激光坐标系下的角度从小到大排序。
由此,由激光数据根据激光扫描的时间顺序进行排序,避免了对各段候选点云重新进行排序,大幅降低了计算量,提升了计算效率。
在本实施方式中,步骤104具体包括:
使用主成分分析技术将每一段所述候选点云与所述理性点云进行粗略对齐,并以所述粗略对齐结果作为初值,采用所述距离图进行暴力搜索对齐,并输出对齐误差,选取对齐误差最小的所述激光点云为充电桩点云。
在本实施方式中,所述定位模块包括里程计,步骤105之后还包括:
根据所述里程计的数据和所述充电桩的位姿,使用扩展卡尔曼滤波对所述充电桩的位姿进行跟踪。
由此,在充电桩点云的基础上,融合里程计数据,可以有效发现误识别的充电桩的位姿,从而总体提升识别充电桩的准确性。
本申请实施方式还涉及一种自动回充系统,应用如上所述的自动回充移动方法。在这种情况下,机器人在移动过程中,通过调节移动速度,可以保障机器人在靠近充电桩移动的过程中更加稳定。
以上所述实施例的各技术特征可以进行任意的组合,为使描述简洁,未对上述实施例中的各个技术特征所有可能的组合都进行描述,然而,只要这些技术特征的组合不存在矛盾,都应当认为是本说明书记载的范围。
以上所述实施例仅表达了本申请的几种实施方式,其描述较为具体和详细,但并不能因此而理解为对申请专利范围的限制。应当指出的是,对于本领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本申请构思的前提下,还可以做出若干变形和改进,这些都属于本申请的保护范围。因此,本申请专利的保护范围应以所附权利要求为准。

Claims (20)

  1. 一种自动回充移动方法,所述方法应用于机器人定位充电桩并向充电桩移动,所述充电桩具有特征信息,所述机器人包括激光雷达,所述方法包括:
    所述机器人通过所述激光雷达搜索所述特征信息,并计算所述充电桩的位姿;
    所述机器人与所述充电桩的直线距离r为第四阈值时,根据所述充电桩的位姿,计算所述机器人到达所述充电桩的平滑轨迹并计算输出所述机器人的移动速度。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的自动回充移动方法,其特征在于,所述移动速度的计算方法,具体包括:
    根据
    Figure PCTCN2021127045-appb-100001
    计算所述移动速度,其中,v(к)为所述移动速度,r为所述机器人与所述充电桩的直线距离,к为机器人移动轨迹的曲率,v max为所述机器人的最大移动速度,β和λ均为常数,β>0,λ>1。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的自动回充移动方法,其特征在于,所述к(r,θ,δ)的计算方法,具体包括:
    Figure PCTCN2021127045-appb-100002
    其中,k 1和k 2均为常数,k 1>0,k 2>1,δ为所述机器人正对方向与机器人-充电桩连线方向的夹角,θ为所述充电桩正对方向与所述机器人-充电桩连线方向的夹角。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的自动回充移动方法,其特征在于,所述
    Figure PCTCN2021127045-appb-100003
    Figure PCTCN2021127045-appb-100004
    其中,k 1和k 2均为常数,k 1>0,k 2>1,δ为所述机器人正对方向与机器人-充电桩连线方向的夹角,θ为所述充电桩正对方向与所述机器人-充电桩连线方向的夹角,具体包括:
    所述直线距离r为所述机器人与所述充电桩的中点的距离,δ为所述机器人正对方向与机器人-充电桩中点连线方向的夹角,θ为所述充电桩正对方向与所述机器人-充电桩中点连线方向的夹角。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的自动回充移动方法,其特征在于,所述特征信息为反光标识,所述机器人还包括定位模块,所述定位模块输出所述机器人的位姿,所述激光雷达扫描并获取激光点云,所述机器人通过所述激光雷达搜索所述特征信息,并计算所述充电桩的位姿的步骤,具体包括:
    搜索反馈光强高于第一阈值的若干段备选激光点云;
    根据所述充电桩在世界坐标系下的位置与所述机器人在世界坐标系下的位姿,计算所述充电桩在激光坐标系下的位置信息,根据所述位置信息设定搜索范围,对所述搜索范围内的所述备选激光点云进行搜索;
    计算所述备选激光点云的点云长度,去除所述点云长度大于第二阈值的所述备选激光点云,以及去除所述点云长度小于第三阈值的所述备选激光点云;
    将筛选后的所述备选激光点云拟合成直线,计算所述直线在所述机器人坐标系下的位置,输出所述充电桩的位姿。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的自动回充移动方法,其特征在于,所述充电桩具有特征长度;所述特征长度大于所述第三阈值,并且小于所述第二阈值。
  7. 如权利要求6所述的自动回充移动方法,其特征在于,所述特征长度为所述充电桩平行于地面的截面的宽度。
  8. 如权利要求5所述的自动回充移动方法,其特征在于,所述第一阈值根据反馈的光强高于周围环境的光强的程度确定。
  9. 如权利要求5所述的自动回充移动方法,其特征在于,所述将筛选后的所述备选激光点云拟合成直线,具体包括;
    通过RANSAC算法将筛选后的所述备选激光点云拟合成直线。
  10. 如权利要求5所述的自动回充移动方法,其特征在于,所述反光标识包括若干吸光片和若干反光片。
  11. 如权利要求10所述的自动回充移动方法,其特征在于,所述若干吸光片和若干反光片呈直线排列。
  12. 如权利要求1所述的自动回充移动方法,其特征在于,所述机器人存储 所述充电桩的特征信息,所述机器人还包括定位模块,所述定位模块输出所述机器人的位姿,所述激光雷达扫描并获取激光点云,所述机器人通过所述激光雷达搜索所述特征信息,并计算所述充电桩的位姿的步骤,具体包括:
    计算所述特征信息的理想点云及所述理想点云的距离图;
    根据所述充电桩在世界坐标系下的位置与所述机器人在世界坐标系下的位姿,计算所述充电桩在激光坐标系下的位置信息,根据所述位置信息设定搜索范围,对所述搜索范围内的所述激光点云进行搜索;
    采用滑动窗口对所述搜索范围内的所述激光点云进行搜索以输出若干段候选点云;
    将每一段所述候选点云与所述理性点云进行粗略对齐,并采用所述距离图进行暴力搜索对齐,并输出对齐误差,选取对齐误差最小的所述激光点云为充电桩点云;
    以所述充电桩点云为初值,使用奇异值分解法对所述充电桩点云与所述理想点云进行对齐,计算所述充电桩的位姿。
  13. 如权利要求12所述的自动回充移动方法,其特征在于,所述特征信息的理想点云及所述理想点云的距离图经过机器人的处理器计算后预存于机器人。
  14. 如权利要求12所述的自动回充移动方法,其特征在于,所述充电桩在世界坐标系下的位置通过机器人建图得出。
  15. 如权利要求12所述的自动回充移动方法,其特征在于,所述将每一段所述候选点云与所述理性点云进行粗略对齐,具体为:
    使用主成分分析技术将每一段所述候选点云与所述理性点云进行粗略对齐。
  16. 如权利要求12所述的自动回充移动方法,其特征在于,所述定位模块包括里程计;在以所述充电桩点云为初值,使用奇异值分解法对所述充电桩点云与所述理想点云进行对齐,计算所述充电桩的位姿之后,包括:
    根据所述里程计的数据和所述充电桩的位姿,使用扩展卡尔曼滤波对所述充电桩的位姿进行跟踪。
  17. 如权利要求12所述的自动回充移动方法,其特征在于,所述滑动窗口为第一特定宽度,所述滑动窗口的间隔为第二特定宽度,所述第一特定宽度与所述第二特定宽度之和不大于所述充电桩的特征长度。
  18. 如权利要求12所述的自动回充移动方法,其特征在于,所述位置信息包括最大定位误差边界,所述设定搜索范围的步骤,具体包括:
    以所述最大定位误差边界为中心设定所述搜索范围。
  19. 如权利要求1所述的自动回充移动方法,其特征在于,所述特征信息至少包括反光标识和特征立体结构中的一种;所述特征立体结构为凹凸结构;所述凹凸结构的长度为所述充电桩的特征长度。
  20. 一种自动回充系统,应用如权利要求1-19任一项所述的自动回充移动方法。
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