Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides
  • A61K38/16—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
  • A61K38/17—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
  • A61K38/22—Hormones
  • A61K38/26—Glucagons
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
  • A61P3/04—Anorexiants; Antiobesity agents
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
  • A61P3/06—Antihyperlipidemics
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
  • A61P3/08—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for glucose homeostasis
  • A61P3/10—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for glucose homeostasis for hyperglycaemia, e.g. antidiabetics
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07K—PEPTIDES
  • C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
  • C07K14/435—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
  • C07K14/575—Hormones
  • C07K14/605—Glucagons
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07K—PEPTIDES
  • C07K4/00—Peptides having up to 20 amino acids in an undefined or only partially defined sequence; Derivatives thereof

Definitions

• GLP-1/GIP DUAL AGONISTS FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to long acting glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and human glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide/ Gastro Intestinal Peptide (GIP) dual agonist polypeptides which may be useful for treating type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D), diabetes with obesity, obesity and hyperlipidemia.
• GLP-1RAs glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists
• GLP-1R glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor
• CNS central central
• GLP-1RAs glucagon-like peptide-1 receptors
• Activation of GLP-1R signaling by GLP-1RAs improves glucose homeostasis by enhancing glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, delaying gastric emptying and decreasing plasma glucagon levels, and reduces body weight by activating anorexigenic pathways in the brain. Due to the glucose-dependence of beta-cell activation, GLP-1RAs are not associated with increased risk of hypoglycaemia.
• GLP-1RA glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide
• GIP Postprandial GIP levels are approximately 4-fold higher compared to GLP-1 under normal physiological conditions. GIP is responsible for the majority of the insulinotropic incretin effect in man, and has important additional functions that are distinct from GLP-1. Unlike GLP-1, GIP is both glucagonotropic and insulinotropic in a glycaemic- dependent manner, dose-dependently stimulating glucagon secretion under hypoglycaemic conditions and insulin under hyperglycaemic conditions, glucagon released does facilitate insulin secretion.
• GIP-receptor GIPR
• GLP-1R GIP-receptor
• the present invention provides a polypeptide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, comprising an amino acid sequence: Y-X1-E-G-T-F-T-S-D-Y-S-I-X2-L-Xaa15-K-I-A-Xaa19-X3-Xaa21-F-V-Xaa24-W-L-X4- A-G-G-P-S-S-G-A-P-P-P-S-X5-X6-X7-X8-X9-X10-X11 (Seq.
• X1 is Aib, (L)-norvaline or (D)-norvaline
• X2 is selected from Aib, Leu, (D)-Leu, Val , (D)-Val, Ile, (D)-Ile, and L or D isomer of an amino acid of Formula , wherein represents the point of attachment to Leu and R is selected from C 2-5 alkyl, C 3-7 cycloalkyl, C 3-7 cyclolalkyl-C 1-3 alkyl-, C 3-5 alkenyl, C 3-5 alkynyl, C 5- 7cycloalkenyl-CH2-, and C1-3haloalkyl-; or R along with the carbon to which it is attached, forms a C3-6cycloalkyl ring;
• X3 is Gln or Lys; wherein, when X3 is Lys, the side chain amino ( ⁇ amino) group of Lys is acylated with a moiety: ⁇ U W Y Z wherein U
• ABBREVIATIONS Aib 2-Aminoisobutyric acid ’ i-isopropylethylamine HOBt: 1-Hydroxybenztriazole DIPC: N,N’-Di-isopropylcarbodiimide THF: Tetrahydrofuran DCM: Dichloromethane DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION “Pharmaceutically acceptable salt” according to the invention include acid addition salts formed with either organic or inorganic acids.
• Suitable pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the compounds of the invention include acid addition salts which may be salts of inorganic acids such as hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, phosphoric acid, and the like or of organic acids such as, for example, acetic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, methanesulfonic acid, benzoic acid, citric acid, lactic acid, fumaric acid, succinic acid, adipic acid, pimelic acid, suberic acid, azelaic acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, amino acids such as glutamic acid or aspartic acid, and the like.
• inorganic acids such as hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, phosphoric acid, and the like
• organic acids such as, for example, acetic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, methanesulfonic acid, benzoic acid, citric acid, lactic acid, fumaric acid, succinic acid, adipic acid, pimelic acid, suberic
• the pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salt of the compounds of the present invention includes salts formed with the addition of one or more equivalents of acids, for example, monohydrochloride, dihydrochloride salts, etc. Salts can be prepared by any process under the purview of an ordinary person skilled in the art. (See Berge et al., J. Pharm. Sci. 1977, 66, 1-19; and Handbook of Pharmaceutical Salts, Properties, and Use; Stahl and Wermuth, Ed.; Wiley-VCH and VHCA: Zurich, Switzerland, 2002.).
• alkyl refers to a saturated hydrocarbon chain radical that includes solely carbon and hydrogen atoms in the backbone, either linear or branched, having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, both inclusive unless defined otherwise and which is attached to the rest of the molecule by a single bond.
• Suitable non-limiting examples of alkyl groups include, e.g., methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, 1-methylethyl (isopropyl), n-pentyl, n- hexyl, etc.
• haloalkyl refers to any “alkyl” having one or more hydrogen atom(s) replaced by a halogen atom, wherein halogen atom may be selected from fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine.
• C2-5 alkyl refers to an alkyl chain having 2 to 5 carbon atoms.
• alkenyl as used herein refers to a hydrocarbon chain containing at least one carbon-carbon double bond, and may have (E) or (Z) configuration. An alkenyl group may contain 2 to 8 carbon atoms unless specified otherwise.
• alkenyl groups described herein may form part of a straight or branched chain. Suitable non-limiting examples of alkenyl groups include, e.g., ethylene, 2-propenyl (allyl), 2-methyl-2-propenyl and 2-butenyl.
• alkynyl refers to a hydrocarbon chain having at least one carbon-carbon triple bond. An alkynyl group may contain 2 to 8 carbon atoms unless specified otherwise. Unless set forth or recited to the contrary all alkynyl groups described or claimed herein may form part of a straight or branched chains.
• alkynyl groups include 2-propynyl, 3-butynyl and propargyl.
• cycloalkyl refers to a non-aromatic monocyclic ring system of 3 to 7 carbon atoms unless specified otherwise. Cycloalkyl ring include, but are not limited to, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl and cycloheptyl.
• cycloalkenyl refers to a non-aromatic monocyclic 5 to 7 membered cycloalkyl ring system, with at least one carbon-carbon double bond.
• cycloalkenylmethyl group includes cyclopentenylmethyl and cyclohexenylmethyl.
• effective amount or amount effective refers to an amount of the compound which is sufficient, upon single or multiple dose administration(s) to a subject, in curing, alleviating, relieving or partially addressing the clinical manifestation of given disease or state and its complications beyond that expected in the absence of such treatment.
• the result can be reduction and/or alleviation of the signs, symptoms, or causes of a disease, or any other desired alteration of a biological system.
• a therapeutically effective amount can vary from subject to subject depending on age, weight, general condition of the subject, the condition being treated, the severity of the condition being treated, and the judgment of the prescribing physician.
• the amino acid “norvaline” as used herein can be represented by structure and can also be defined by the chemical name as “2-aminopentanoic acid”.
• the term (L)-norvaline and (D)-norvaline refers to “L” and “D” isomer of norvaline, respectively.
• the amino acid “norleucine” as used herein can be represented by structure and can also be defined by the chemical name as “2-Aminohexanoic acid”.
• the term (L)-norleucine and (D)-norleucine refers to “L” and “D” isomer of norleucine, respectively.
• the amino acid “homoalanine” as used herein can be represented by structure and can also be defined by the chemical name as “2-aminobutyric acid”.
• the term (L)-homoalanine and (D)-homoalanine refers to “L” and “D” isomer of homoalanine, respectively.
• the present invention provides stable long acting GLP-1/GIP agonist polypeptides which may be useful for treating type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D), diabetes with obesity, obesity and hyperlipidemia.
• polypeptides of present invention are long acting which may not require frequent administration to a patient in need thereof. Accordingly, in one aspect, the present invention provides a polypeptide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, comprising an amino acid sequence: Y-X1-E-G-T-F-T-S-D-Y-S-I-X2-L-Xaa15-K-I-A-Xaa19-X3-Xaa21-F-V-Xaa24-W-L-X4- A-G-G-P-S-S-G-A-P-P-P-S-X5-X6-X7-X8-X9-X10-X11 (Seq.
• X1 is Aib, (L)-norvaline or (D)-norvaline
• X2 is selected from Aib, Leu, (D)-Leu, Val, (D)-Val, Ile, (D)-Ile, and L or D isomer of an amino acid of Formula , wherein represents the point of attachment to Leu, R is selected from C2- 5alkyl, C 3-7 cycloalkyl, C 3-7 cyclolalkyl-C 1-3 alkyl-, C 3-5 alkenyl, C 3-5 alkynyl, C 5- 7cycloalkenyl-CH2-, and C1-3haloalkyl; or R along with the carbon to which it is attached to, forms C 3-6 cycloalkyl ring;
• X3 is Gln or Lys; wherein, when X3 is Lys, the side chain amino ( ⁇ amino) group of Lys is acylated with a moiety: ⁇ U W Y Z wherein U is
• X1 is Aib. In another embodiment of the present invention, X2 is Aib. In another embodiment of present invention, X4 is Ile. In another embodiment of the present invention, X1 is (L)-norvaline. In another embodiment of the present invention, X2 is Leu. In another embodiment of the present invention, X2 is Ile.
• X2 is selected from a L or D isomer of an amino acid of the Formula , wherein ” represents the point of attachment to Leu, and R is selected from C2-5alkyl, C3-7cycloalkyl, C3-7cyclolalkyl-C1-3alkyl-, C3-5alkenyl, C3-5alkynyl, C5- 7cycloalkenyl-CH 2 -, and C 1-3 haloalkyl; or R along with the carbon to which it is attached to, forms C3-6cycloalkyl ring.
• X2 is an amino acid of the Formula , which is present in “L” configuration.
• X2 is an amino acid of the Formula , which is present in “D” configuration.
• X2 is an amino acid of the Formula , wherein, R is C2-5alkyl.
• R is selected from ethyl, n- propyl, isopropyl and n-butyl.
• X2 is an amino acid of the Formula wherein, R is n-propyl, thus forming X2 as norvaline.
• X2 is (L)-norvaline.
• X2 is (D)-norvaline.
• X2 is an amino acid of the Formula wherein, R is n-butyl, thus forming X2 as norleucine. In another embodiment, X2 is (L)-norleucine. In another embodiment, X2 is (D)-norleucine. In yet another embodiment of the present invention, X2 is an amino acid of the Formula wherein, R is ethyl, thus forming X2 as homoalanine. In another embodiment, X2 is (L)-homoalanine. In another embodiment, X2 is (D)-homoalanine.
• X2 is an amino acid of the Formula wherein, R is C3-7cyclolalkyl-C1-3alkyl-. In another embodiment, R is selected from cyclopropylmethyl-, cyclopentylmethyl- and cyclohexylmethyl-.
• X2 is an amino acid of the Formula In another embodiment of the present invention, X2 is an amino acid of the Formula In another embodiment of the present invention, X2 is an amino acid of the Formula In another embodiment of the present invention, X1 is Aib and X2 is L-isomer of an amino acid of the Formula , wherein, R is n-propyl, i.e., X2 is (L)-norvaline. In another embodiment of the present invention, X1 is Aib and X2 is L-isomer of an amino acid of the Formula , wherein, R is ethyl, i.e., X2 is (L)-homoalanine.
• X1 is Aib and X2 is L-isomer of an amino acid of the Formula wherein, R is n-butyl, i.e., X2 is (L)-norleucine.
• X1 is Aib and X2 is Leu.
• X1 is Aib and X2 is Ile.
• X1 is (L)-norvaline and X2 is Aib.
• X1 is (L)-norvaline and X2 is L-isomer of an amino acid of the Formula , wherein, R is n-propyl, i.e., X2 is (L)-norvaline.
• X1 is Aib or (L)-norvaline; and X2 is Aib, Leu, Ile or L isomer of an amino acid of the Formula , wherein, R is n-propyl and X1 and X2 are not both Aib.
• X1 is Aib or (L)-norvaline; and X2 is Aib, Leu, Ile or L isomer of an amino acid of the Formula , wherein, R is n-butyl and X1 and X2 are not both Aib.
• X1 is Aib or (L)-norvaline; and X2 is Aib, Leu, Ile or L isomer of an amino acid of the Formula , wherein, R is ethyl and X1 and X2 are not both Aib.
• X1 is Aib or (L)-norvaline
• X2 is Aib, Leu, Ile or L isomer of an amino acid of the Formula , wherein, R is n-propyl
• X4 is Ile
• X1 and X2 are not both Aib.
• X1 is Aib or (L)-norvaline
• X2 is Aib, Leu, Ile or L isomer of an amino acid of the Formula , wherein, R is n-propyl
• X5 is Arg and X1 and X2 are not both Aib.
• X3 is Lys, wherein the side chain amino ( ⁇ amino) group of Lys is acylated with a moiety: ⁇ U W Y Z
• W is –C(O)-C(CH3)2-NH-].
• W is –C(O)-NH-(CH2)p-NH-], wherein p is 3 or 4.
• W is –C(O)-CH2-O-(CH2)2-O- (CH2)2-NH-].
• Z is –C(O)-(CH 2 ) n -COOH and n is 16, 17, 18, 19 or 20. In a preferred embodiment n is 16, 18 or 20.
• n 18 or 20 In yet another preferred embodiment of the present invention, Z is –C(O)-(CH 2 ) n -COOH and n is 16 or 18. In yet another preferred embodiment n is 18. In another embodiment of the present invention, W is –C(O)-C(CH3)2-NH-] and Z is –C(O)-(CH 2 ) n -COOH, wherein n is 18. In another embodiment of the present invention, W is –C(O)-C(CH 3 ) 2 -NH-] and Z is –C(O)-(CH2)n-COOH, wherein n is 16.
• W is –C(O)-CH2-O-(CH2)2-O- (CH 2 ) 2 -NH-] and Z is —C(O)-(CH 2 ) n -COOH, wherein n is 16.
• W is –C(O)-CH2-O-(CH2)2-O- (CH2)2-NH-] and Z is –C(O)-(CH2)n-COOH, wherein n is 18.
• X3 is Gln; and X5 is Lys, wherein the side chain amino ( ⁇ amino) group of Lys is acylated with a moiety: ⁇ U' W' Y' Z' .
• X1 is Aib or (L)-norvaline
• X2 is Aib, Leu, Ile or L isomer of an amino acid of the Formula , wherein, R is n-propyl
• X3 is Gln
• X5 is Lys
• X1 and X2 are not both Aib
• W’ is –C(O)-C(CH 3 ) 2 -NH-].
• W’ is –C(O)-NH-(CH 2 ) q -NH-], wherein q is 3 or 4.
• W’ is –C(O)-CH2-O-(CH2)2-O- (CH 2 ) 2 -NH-].
• Z’ is –C(O)-(CH2)m-COOH and m is 16, 17, 18, 19 or 20.
• m is 16, 18 or 20.
• m is 18 or 20.
• Z’ is –C(O)-(CH2)m- COOH and m is 16 or 18.
• m is 18.
• W’ is –C(O)-C(CH 3 ) 2 -NH-] and Z’ is –C(O)-(CH2)m-COOH, wherein m is 18.
• W’ is –C(O)-C(CH3)2-NH-] and Z’ is –C(O)-(CH 2 ) m -COOH, wherein m is 16.
• W’ is –C(O)-CH 2 -O-(CH 2 ) 2 -O- (CH2)2-NH-] and Z’ is –C(O)-(CH2)m-COOH, wherein m is 16.
• W’ is –C(O)-CH2-O-(CH2)2-O- (CH 2 ) 2 -NH-] and Z’ is –C(O)-(CH 2 ) m -COOH, wherein m is 18.
• X1 is Aib
• the C terminal amino acid is amidated as a C-terminal primary amide.
• X5, X6, X7, X8, X9, X10 and X11 are absent.
• the present invention provides a polypeptide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, comprising an amino acid sequence: Y-Aib-E-G-T-F-T-S-D-Y-S-I-X2-L-D-K-I-A-Q-X3-A-F-V-Q-W-L-X4-A-G-G-P-S-S-G- A-P-P-P-S-X5-X6-X7-X8-X9-X10-X11 (Seq.
• X2 is Leu, Ile, (L)-norvaline, (L)-homoalanine or (L)-norleucine
• X4 is Ile
• X5 is absent or Arg
• X6 is absent or Lys
• X7 is absent or Lys
• X8 is absent or Lys
• X9 is absent or Lys
• X10 is absent or Lys
• X11 is absent or Lys
• X3 is Lys wherein the side chain amino ( ⁇ amino) group of Lys is acylated with a moiety: wherein U is –C(O)-CH2-O-(CH2)2-O-(CH2)2-NH- ⁇ wherein ⁇ is point of attachment with group W; W is selected from a group consisting of –C(O)-NH-(CH 2 ) p -NH-], –C(O)-C(CH 3 ) 2 -NH-] and –C(O)-CH2-O-(CH2)
• X2 is (L)-norvaline. In one embodiment of the present invention, X2 is (L)-homoalanine. In one embodiment of the present invention, X2 is (L)-norleucine. In another embodiment of the present invention, X2 is Leu. In another embodiment of the present invention, X2 is Ile. In another embodiment of the present invention, X2 is (L)-norvaline and X5 is Arg. In another embodiment of present invention, W is –C(O)-C(CH3)2-NH-]. In another embodiment of the present invention, W is –C(O)-NH-(CH2)3-4-NH-].
• W is –C(O)-CH2-O-(CH2)2-O- (CH 2 ) 2 -NH-].
• Z is –C(O)-(CH 2 ) n -COOH and n is 16, 17, 18, 19 or 20.
• n is 16, 18 or 20.
• n is 18 or 20.
• Z is –C(O)-(CH2)n-COOH and n is 16 or 18.
• n is 18.
• W is –C(O)-C(CH 3 ) 2 -NH-] and Z is –C(O)-(CH2)n-COOH, wherein n is 18.
• W is –C(O)-C(CH3)2-NH-] and Z is –C(O)-(CH 2 ) n -COOH, wherein n is 16.
• W is –C(O)-CH 2 -O-(CH 2 ) 2 -O- (CH2)2-NH-] and Z is –C(O)-(CH2)n-COOH, wherein n is 16.
• W is –C(O)-CH2-O-(CH2)2-O- (CH 2 ) 2 -NH-] and Z is –C(O)-(CH 2 ) n -COOH, wherein n is 18.
• the C terminal amino acid is amidated as a C-terminal primary amide.
• X5, X6, X7, X8, X9, X10 and X11 are absent.
• X2 is (L)-norvaline
• X4 is Ile
• X5, X6, X7, X8, X9, X10 and X11 are absent
• W is–C(O)-C(CH3)2-NH-]
• Z is –C(O)-(CH2)n-COOH, wherein n is 18.
• the present invention provides a polypeptide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, comprising an amino acid sequence: Y-X1-E-G-T-F-T-S-D-Y-S-I-X2-L-D-K-I-A-Q-X3-A-F-V-Q-W-L-X4-A-G-G-P-S-S-G- A-P-P-P-S (Seq.
• X1 is Aib or (L)-norvaline
• X2 is Aib, Leu, Ile, (L)-norvaline, (L)-homoalanine or (L)-norleucine
• X4 is Ile
• X3 is Lys wherein the side chain amino ( ⁇ amino) group of Lys is acylated with a moiety: ⁇ U W Y Z wherein U is –C(O)-CH2-O-(CH2)2-O-(CH2)2-NH- ⁇ wherein ⁇ is point of attachment with group W; W is selected from a group consisting of –C(O)-NH-(CH2)p-NH-], –C(O)-C(CH3)2-NH-] and –C(O)-CH2-O-(CH2)2-O-(CH2)2-NH-], wherein p is 3 or 4 and wherein ] is point of attachment with group Y; Y is–C(O)-(CH2)2-CH(CO
• X1 is Aib. In another embodiment of the present invention, X1 is (L)-norvaline. In another embodiment of the present invention, X2 is Aib. In another embodiment of the present invention, X2 is (L)-norvaline. In another embodiment of the present invention, X2 is (L)-norleucine. In another embodiment of the present invention, X2 is (L)-homoalanine. In another embodiment of the present invention, X2 is Leu. In another embodiment of the present invention, X2 is Ile. In another embodiment of the present invention, X1 is Aib and X2 is (L)-norvaline.
• X1 is Aib and X2 is (L)-norleucine. In another embodiment of the present invention, X1 is Aib and X2 is (L)- homoalanine. In another embodiment of the present invention, X1 is (L)-norvaline and X2 is Aib. In another embodiment of the present invention, X1 is Aib and X2 is Leu. In another embodiment of the present invention, X1 is Aib and X2 is Ile. In another embodiment of the present invention, X1 is (L)-norvaline and X2 is (L)- norvaline.
• W is –C(O)-C(CH 3 ) 2 -NH-]. In another embodiment of the present invention, W is–C(O)-NH-(CH 2 ) 3-4 -NH-]. In another embodiment of the present invention, W is –C(O)-CH 2 -O-(CH 2 ) 2 -O- (CH2)2-NH-]. In another embodiment of the present invention, Z is –C(O)-(CH2)n-COOH and n is 16, 17, 18, 19 or 20. In a preferred embodiment n is 16, 18 or 20. In yet another preferred embodiment n is 18 or 20. In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, Z is –C(O)-(CH2)n-COOH and n is 16 or 18.
• n is 18.
• W is –C(O)-C(CH3)2-NH-] and Z is –C(O)-(CH2)n-COOH, wherein n is 18.
• W is –C(O)-C(CH 3 ) 2 -NH-] and Z is –C(O)-(CH2)n-COOH, wherein n is 16.
• W is –C(O)-CH2-O-(CH2)2-O- (CH 2 ) 2 -NH-] and Z is –C(O)-(CH 2 ) n -COOH, wherein n is 16.
• W is –C(O)-CH2-O-(CH2)2-O- (CH 2 ) 2 -NH-] and Z is –C(O)-(CH 2 ) n -COOH, wherein n is 18.
• X1 is Aib; X2 is (L)-norvaline; and X3 is Lys wherein the side chain amino ( ⁇ amino) group of Lys is acylated with a moiety: wherein W is–C(O)-C(CH 3 ) 2 -NH-]; Z is –C(O)-(CH 2 ) n -COOH and n is 18.
• the C terminal amino acid is amidated as a C-terminal primary amide.
• the present invention provides a polypeptide or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof comprising an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of: i.) Tyr Aib Glu Gly Thr Phe Thr Ser Asp Tyr Ser Ile L-norvaline Leu Asp Lys Ile Ala Gln Lys Ala Phe Val Gln Trp Leu Ile Ala Gly Gly Pro Ser Ser Gly Ala Pro Pro Pro Ser-NH 2 (Seq ID: 04) ii.) Tyr L-norvaline Glu Gly Thr Phe Thr Ser Asp Tyr Ser Ile Aib Leu Asp Lys Ile Ala Gln Lys Ala Phe Val Gln Trp Leu Ile Ala Gly Gly Pro Ser Ser Gly Ala Pro Pro Pro Ser-NH2 (Seq ID: 05) iii.) Tyr Aib Glu Gly Thr P
• the groups U, W, Y and Z in the moiety ⁇ U W Y Z or the groups U’, W’, Y’ and Z’ in the moiety ⁇ U' W' Y' Z' have meaning as defined in this specification and should not be intrpretted as or mixed with the single letter code of the amino acids;
• the group ⁇ -U-W-Y-Z and/or ⁇ -U’-W’-Y’-Z’ is selected from the representative structures of Moiety A, B, C and D as disclosed in Table 2.
• the polypeptide sequences mentioned in the specification are represented by the single letter code of the amino acids as approved by IUPAC.
• the present invention provides a method of treating or preventing hyperglycemia, type 2 diabetes, impaired glucose tolerance, type 1 diabetes, obesity, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, syndrome X, dyslipidemia, cognitive disorders, atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, coronary heart disease, stroke, inflammatory bowel syndrome, dyspepsia, alcoholism and gastric ulcers in a patient, comprising administering to a patient in need thereof, an effective amount of a polypeptide of the present invention or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
• the present invention provides a method of treatment of type 2 diabetes in a patient comprising administering to a patient in need of such treatment an effective amount of a compound of the present invention, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
• the present invention provides a method of treatment of obesity in a patient comprising administering to a patient in need of such treatment an effective amount of a compound of the present invention, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
• the present invention provides a method of treatment of hyperlipidemia in a patient comprising administering to a patient in need of such treatment an effective amount of a compound of the present invention, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
• the present invention provides a pharmaceutical composition
• a pharmaceutical composition comprising a polypeptide of the present invention or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof with one or more of a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, diluent, or excipient.
• the compounds of the invention are preferably formulated as pharmaceutical compositions administered by parenteral routes (e.g., subcutaneous, intravenous, intraperitoneal, intramuscular or transdermal).
• parenteral routes e.g., subcutaneous, intravenous, intraperitoneal, intramuscular or transdermal.
• Such pharmaceutical compositions and processes for preparing same are well known in the art. (See, e.g., Remington: The Science and 50 Practice of Pharmacy (D. B. Troy, Editor, 21st Edition, Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins, 2006).
• the polypeptides of the present invention or the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof for use as a medicament.
• polypeptides of the present invention or the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof for use in the treatment or prevention of a disease in a patient, wherein said disease is optionally selected from the group consisting of hyperglycemia, type 2 diabetes, impaired glucose tolerance, type 1 diabetes, obesity, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, syndrome X, dyslipidemia, cognitive disorders, atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, coronary heart disease, stroke, inflammatory bowel syndrome, dyspepsia, alcoholism and gastric ulcers.
• the polypeptide of the present invention or the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof may be provided simultaneously, separately, or sequentially in combination with an effective amount of one or more additional therapeutic agents.
• the pharmaceutical composition according to the present invention comprise a polypeptide of the present invention or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof for use as a medicament.
• the pharmaceutical composition according to the present invention comprise a polypeptide of the present invention or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for use in the treatment or prevention of a disease in a patient, wherein said disease is optionally selected from the group consisting of hyperglycemia, type 2 diabetes, impaired glucose tolerance, type 1 diabetes, obesity, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, syndrome X, dyslipidemia, cognitive disorders, atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, coronary heart disease, stroke, inflammatory bowel syndrome, dyspepsia, alcoholism and gastric ulcers.
• the pharmaceutical composition according to the present invention comprise a polypeptide of the present invention or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is provided simultaneously, separately, or sequentially in combination with an effective amount of one or more additional therapeutic agents.
• the present invention may involve one or more embodiments. It is to be understood that the embodiments below are illustrative of the present invention and are not intended to limit the claims to the specific embodiments exemplified. It is also to be understood that the embodiments defined herein may be used independently or in conjunction with any definition, any other embodiment defined herein. Thus the invention contemplates all possible combinations and permutations of the various independently described embodiments. Other features of the present invention will become apparent from the following examples.
• HPLC Waters e2695 Alliance; Detector: Acquity- QDa.
• the final compounds of the present disclosure were purified by preparative HPLC procedure as outlined below: Preparative HPLC: WATERS 2555 Quaternary gradient module (Max Total Flow: 300 mL/min, Max Pressure: 3000 psi) or Shimadzu LC-8A (Max Total Flow: 150 mL, Max Pressure: 30 Mpa), Column: Phenyl, 10 ⁇ Flow: 75mL/min Mobile Phase: The purity of the compounds of the present disclosure were analyzed by one of the RP- HPLC methods as outlined below: HPLC Method A: Column: Xbridge Peptide BEH C18 (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 3.5 ⁇ ) Eluent: Mobile Phase A: Buffer: Acetonitrile (900:100) Mobile phase B: Buffer: Acetonitrile (300:700) Buffer: Potassium dihydrogen orthophosphate in water, pH adjusted to 3.0 ⁇ 0.1 with orthophospho
• HPLC Method B Column: XSelect CSH C18 (4.6 mm x 150 mm, 2.5 ⁇ ) Eluent: Mobile Phase A: Buffer: Acetonitrile (900:100) Mobile phase B: Buffer: Acetonitrile (300:700) Buffer: Potassium dihydrogen orthophosphate in water, pH adjusted to 3.0 ⁇ 0.1 with orthophosphoric acid Flow rate: 0.8 mL/min Detection: UV detection at 210 nm Column Temperature: 65 °C Sample Tray temperature: 5 °C Run Time: 90 min.
• HPLC Method C Column: Xbridge Peptide BEH C18 (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 3.5 ⁇ ) Eluent: Mobile Phase A: Buffer: Acetonitrile (900:100) Mobile phase B: Buffer: Acetonitrile (300:700) Buffer: Potassium dihydrogen orthophosphate in water, pH adjusted to 3.0 ⁇ 0.1 with orthophosphoric acid Flow rate: 1.0 mL/min Detection: UV detection at 210 nm Column Temperature: 65 °C Sample Tray temperature: 5 °C Run Time: 60 min.
• HPLC Method D Column: XSelect CSH C18 (4.6 mm x 150 mm, 2.5 ⁇ ) Eluent: Mobile Phase A: Buffer: Acetonitrile (900:100) Mobile phase B: Buffer: Acetonitrile (300:700) Buffer: Potassium dihydrogen orthophosphate in water, Added Triethylamine and pH adjusted to 2.5 ⁇ 0.1 with orthophosphoric acid Flow rate: 0.5 mL/min Detection: UV detection at 214 nm Column Temperature: 60 °C Sample Tray temperature: 10 °C Run Time: 90 min.
• Example 1 Preparation of 2-[2-[[2-[[(4S)-5-tert-butoxy-4-[(20-tert-butoxy-20-oxo- icosanoyl)amino]-5-oxo-pentanoyl]amino]-2-methyl-propanoyl] amino]ethoxy]ethoxy]acetic acid (Moiety A-di-tert-butyl ester) Moiety A-di-tert-butyl ester was prepared using solid phase synthesis using 2-chlorotrityl chloride resin.2-[2-(2-Fmoc-aminoethoxy)ethoxy]acetic acid was attached to 2-chlorotrityl chloride resin in presence of DIPEA to yield 2-[2-(2-Fmoc-aminoethoxy)ethoxy]acetic acid-2-Cl-Trt-Resin.
• the Fmoc protecting group was removed by selective de-blocking of amino group using piperidine followed by coupling with Fmoc-Aib-OH in THF using DIPC and HOBt which yielded 2-[2-[2-[(2-Fmoc-amino-2-methyl- propanoyl)amino]ethoxy]ethoxy]acetic acid-2-Cl-Trt-Resin.
• the Fmoc group was removed by selective de-blocking using piperidine and the free amino group was then coupled with Fmoc-Glu-OtBu using HOBt and DIPC to yield 2-[2-[2-[[2-[[(4S)-4-Fmoc-amino-5-tert- butoxy-5-oxo-pentanoyl]amino]-2-methyl-propanoyl]amino] ethoxy]ethoxy]acetic acid-2- Cl-Trt-Resin.
• the Fmoc group of the resultant compound was selectively de-blocked using piperidine and the free amino group was then coupled with 20-(tert-butoxy)-20- oxoicosanoic acid to give 2-[2-[[2-[[(4S)-5-tert-butoxy-4-[(20-tert-butoxy-20-oxo- icosanoyl)amino]-5-oxo-pentanoyl]amino]-2-methyl-propanoyl]amino]ethoxy] ethoxy]acetic acid-2-Cl-Trt-Resin.
• Example 2 Preparation of 2-[2-[2-[[2-[[(4S)-5-tert-butoxy-4-[(18-tert-butoxy-18-oxo- octadecanoyl)amino]-5-oxo-pentanoyl]amino]-2-methyl- propanoyl]amino]ethoxy]ethoxy]acetic acid Moiety B-di-tert-butyl ester Moiety B-di-tert-butyl ester was prepared using solid phase synthesis using 2-chlorotrityl chloride resin.2-[2-(2-Fmoc-aminoethoxy)ethoxy]acetic acid was attached to 2-chlorotrityl chloride resin in presence of DIPEA to yield 2-[2-(2-Fmoc-aminoethoxy)ethoxy]acetic acid-2-Cl-Trt-Resin.
• the Fmoc protecting group was removed by selective de-blocking of amino group using piperidine followed by coupling with Fmoc-Aib-OH in THF using DIPC and HOBt which yielded 2-[2-[2-[(2-Fmoc-amino-2-methyl- propanoyl)amino]ethoxy]ethoxy]acetic acid-2-Cl-Trt-Resin.
• the Fmoc group was removed by selective de-blocking using piperidine and the free amino group was coupled with Fmoc- Glu-OtBu using HOBt and DIPC to yield 2-[2-[2-[[2-[[(4S)-4-Fmoc-amino-5-tert-butoxy- 5-oxo-pentanoyl]amino]-2-methyl-propanoyl] amino]ethoxy]ethoxy]acetic acid-2-Cl-Trt- Resin.
• the Fmoc group of the resultant compound was selectively de-blocked using piperidine and the free amino group was then coupled with octadecanedioic acid mono tert butyl ester to give 2-[2-[[2-[[(4S)-5-tert-butoxy-4-[(18-tert-butoxy-18-oxo- octadecanoyl)amino]-5-oxo-pentanoyl]amino]-2-methyl-propanoyl]- amino]ethoxy]ethoxy]acetic acid-2-Cl-Trt-Resin.
• Example 3 Preparation of 2-[2-[2-[[2-[2-[2-[[5-tert-butoxy-4-[(18-tert-butoxy-18-oxo- octadecanoyl)amino]-5-oxo- pentanoyl]amino]ethoxy]ethoxy]acetyl]amino]ethoxy]ethoxy]acetic acid (Moiety C- di-tert-butyl ester) Moiety C-di-tert-butyl ester Moiety C-di-tert-butyl ester was prepared using solid phase synthesis using 2-chlorotrityl chloride resin.2-[2-(2-Fmoc-aminoethoxy)ethoxy]acetic acid was attached to 2-chlorotrityl chloride resin in presence of DIPEA to yield 2-[2-(2-Fmoc-aminoethoxy)ethoxy]acetic acid-2-Cl-Trt-Resin.
• the Fmoc protecting group was removed by selective de-blocking of amino group using piperidine followed by coupling with 2-[2-(2-Fmoc- aminoethoxy)ethoxy]acetic acid in THF using DIPC and HOBt which yielded ⁇ (Fmoc- amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy ⁇ -acetyl- ⁇ (-amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy ⁇ -acetic acid-2-Cl-Trt-Resin
• the Fmoc group was removed by selective de-blocking using piperidine and the free amino group was coupled with Fmoc-Glu-OtBu using HOBt and DIPC to yield Fmoc- Glu( ⁇ (amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy ⁇ -acetyl- ⁇ (-amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy ⁇ -acetic acid-2-Cl-Trt- Resin )-OtBu
• the Fmoc group of the resultant compound was selectively de-blocked using
• Example 4 Preparation of 2-[2-[2-[[2-[2-[2-[2-[[5-tert-butoxy-4-[(20-tert-butoxy-20-oxo- icosanoyl)amino]-5-oxo- pentanoyl]amino]ethoxy]ethoxy]acetyl]amino]ethoxy]ethoxy]acetic acid (Moiety D- di-tert-butyl ester) Moiety D- di-tert-butyl ester Moiety D-di-tert-butyl ester was prepared using solid phase synthesis using 2-chlorotrityl chloride resin as schematically represented below.
• the Fmoc protecting group was removed by selective de-blocking of amino group using piperidine followed by coupling with 2-[2-(2-Fmoc-aminoethoxy)ethoxy]acetic acid in THF using DIPC and HOBt which yielded ⁇ (Fmoc-amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy ⁇ -acetyl- ⁇ (-amino-ethoxy)- ethoxy ⁇ -acetic acid-2-Cl-Trt-Resin
• the Fmoc group was removed by selective de-blocking using piperidine and the free amino group was coupled with Fmoc-Glu-OtBu using HOBt and DIPC to yield Fmoc-Glu( ⁇ (amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy ⁇ -acetyl- ⁇ (-amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy ⁇ - acetic acid-2-Cl-Trt-Resin )-OtBu
• the Fmoc group of the resultant compound was selective
• Example 5 Preparation of Compound 1
• the parent peptide was synthesized by solid-phase method.
• the starting resin used for synthesis was Fmoc-Rink amide resin.
• Selective de-blocking of Fmoc protected amino group of rink amide resin was carried out using piperidine to yield Rink amide resin which was then coupled with Fmoc-Ser(tBu)-OH to yield Fmoc-Ser(tBu)-Rink amide Resin.
• This coupling reaction was performed by using diisopropylcarbodiimide, N- hydroxybenzotriazole (DIPC-HOBt) as coupling reagent. This completed one cycle.
• DIPC-HOBt diisopropylcarbodiimide, N- hydroxybenzotriazole
• Acetic anhydride and diisopropylethyl amine/pyridine was used to terminate/cap the uncoupled amino groups at every amino acid coupling.
• Selective de-blocking of the amino group of Fmoc-Ser(tBu)-Rink amide Resin was done using piperidine.
• coupling with Fmoc- Pro-OH using HOBt and DIPC yielded Fmoc-Pro-Ser(tBu)-rink amide Resin.
• Acetic anhydride and diisopropylethyl amine/pyridine were used to terminate the uncoupled amino groups at every amino acid coupling.
• the above three steps i.e., selective Capping, deblocking of Fmoc- protection of amino acid attached to the resin and coupling of next amino acid residue in sequence with Fmoc- protected amino group, were repeated for the remaining 37 amino acid residues.
• the selective deblocking i.e., capping of uncoupled amino group done by using acetic anhydride and diisopropylethylamine/pyridine, deprotection of Fmoc group was done using piperidine and coupling with next Fmoc protected amino acid was done using HOBt/DIPC.
• the side chain of the Fmoc-protected amino acids were protected orthogonally, e.g., hydroxyl group of Serine, Tyrosine or Threonine were protected with tert-butyl(-tBu) group, amino group of Lysine was protected with tert-butyloxycarbonyl (-Boc) and (4,4-dimethyl-2,6- dioxocyclohex-1-ylidene)-3-methylbutyl (IVDde) group respectively and carboxylic acid groups of aspartic acid or glutamic acid were protected with –tBu group and amide group of glutamine was protected with trityl (-Trt) group.
• hydroxyl group of Serine, Tyrosine or Threonine were protected with tert-butyl(-tBu) group
• amino group of Lysine was protected with tert-butyloxycarbonyl (-Boc) and (4,4-dimethyl-2,6- dioxocyclohe
• Example 7 Synthesis of Compound 3
• Compound 3 was prepared by solid phase method as per the analogous process given for Example 5, wherein Fmoc-Leu-OH was used at position 13 instead of Fmoc-[L-norvaline]- OH to get Boc-Tyr(tBu)-Aib-Glu(OtBu)-Gly-Thr(tBu)-Phe-Thr(tBu)-Ser(tBu)-Asp(OtBu)- Tyr(tBu)-Ser(tBu)-Ile-Leu–Leu-Asp(OtBu)-Lys(Boc)-Ile-Ala-Gln(Trt)-Lys(IVDde)-Ala- Phe-Val-Gln(Trt)-Trp-Leu-Ile-Ala-Gly-Gly-Pro-Ser(tBu)-Ser(tBu)-Gly-Ala-Pro-Pro-Pro- Ser(tBu)-
• Example 8 Synthesis of Compound 4
• Compound 4 was prepared by solid phase method as per the analogous process given for Example 5, wherein Fmoc-[L-norvaline]-OH was used at position 2 instead of Fmoc-Aib- OH to get Boc-Tyr(tBu)-[L-norvaline]-Glu(OtBu)-Gly-Thr(tBu)-Phe-Thr(tBu)-Ser(tBu)- Asp(OtBu)-Tyr(tBu)-Ser(tBu)-Ile- [L-norvaline]–Leu-Asp(OtBu)-Lys(Boc)-Ile-Ala- Gln(Trt)-Lys(IVDde)-Ala-Phe-Val-Gln(Trt)-Trp-Leu-Ile-Ala-Gly-Gly-Pro-Ser(tBu)- Ser(tBu)-Gly-Ala-
• Example 9 Synthesis of Compound 5 De-protection of IVDde group of peptide resin: Boc-Tyr(tBu)-Aib-Glu(OtBu)-Gly- Thr(tBu)-Phe-Thr(tBu)-Ser(tBu)-Asp(OtBu)-Tyr(tBu)-Ser(tBu)-Ile-[L-norvaline]–Leu- Asp(OtBu)-Lys(Boc)-Ile-Ala-Gln(Trt)-Lys(IVDde)-Ala-Phe-Val-Gln(Trt)-Trp-Leu-Ile- Ala-Gly-Gly-Pro-Ser(tBu)-Ser(tBu)-Gly-Ala-Pro-Pro-Pro-Ser(tBu)-resin (prepared as per Example 5) was carried out using hydrazine hydrate and then it was coupled with Moiety C-d
• Example 10 Synthesis of Compound 6 Compound 6 was prepared by solid phase method as per the analogous process given for Example 9, wherein coupling with Moiety D-di-tert-butyl ester was carried out, followed by cleavage, de protection and preparative HPLC purification as per Example 9 resulted in compound 6.
• Example 12 Synthesis of Compound 8
• the parent peptide was synthesized by solid-phase method.
• the starting resin used for the synthesis was Fmoc-Rink amide resin.
• the coupling was performed by using DIPC-HOBt to yield Fmoc- Lys(IVDde)-Rink amide Resin, this completed one cycle.
• Acetic anhydride and diisopropylethyl amine/pyridine was used to terminate/cap the uncoupled amino groups at the end of every amino acid coupling.
• the side chain of the Fmoc-protected amino acids used were protected orthogonally, e.g., hydroxyl group of Serine, Tyrosine or Threonine were protected with tert-butyl(-tBu) group, amino group of Lysine was protected with tert-butyloxycarbonyl (-Boc) and (4,4-dimethyl-2,6- dioxocyclohex-1-ylidene)-3-methylbutyl (IVDde) group respectively and carboxylic acid groups of aspartic acid or glutamic acid were protected with –tBu group, amide group of glutamine and asparagine was protected with trityl (-Trt) group.
• hydroxyl group of Serine, Tyrosine or Threonine were protected with tert-butyl(-tBu) group
• amino group of Lysine was protected with tert-butyloxycarbonyl (-Boc) and (4,4-dimethyl-2,6- di
• the coupling was performed by using diisopropylcarbodiimide, N- hydroxybenzotriazole (DIC-HOBt) as coupling reagent in presence of 4- dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) which yielded Fmoc-Arg(Pbf)-Wang Resin.
• DMAP 4- dimethylaminopyridine
• Selective de- blocking of amino group of Fmoc-Arg(Pbf)-Wang Resin using piperidine followed by coupling with Fmoc-Ser(tBu)-OH using HOBt/DIPC yielded Fmoc-Ser(tBu)-Arg(Pbf)- Wang Resin. This completed one cycle.
• Acetic anhydride and diisopropylethyl amine/pyridine were used to terminate the uncoupled amino groups at every amino acid coupling.
• the above two steps i.e., selective deblocking of Fmoc- protection of amino acid attached to the resin and coupling of next amino acid residue in sequence with Fmoc-protected amino group were repeated for the remaining 38 amino acid residues.
• the side chain of the Fmoc- protected amino acids were protected orthogonally, e.g., hydroxyl group of Serine, Tyrosine or Threonine were protected with tert-butyl(-tBu) group, amino group of Lysine was protected with tert-butyloxycarbonyl (-Boc) and (4,4-dimethyl-2,6-dioxocyclohex-1- ylidene)-3-methylbutyl (IVDde) group respectively and carboxylic acid groups of aspartic acid or glutamic acid were protected with –tBu group.
• Example 15 Synthesis of Compound 11
• Compound 11 was prepared by solid phase method as per the analogous process given for Example 5, wherein, Fmoc-norleucine was used at position 13 instead of Fmoc-[L- norvaline]-OH to get Boc-Tyr(tBu)-Aib-Glu(OtBu)-Gly-Thr(tBu)-Phe-Thr(tBu)-Ser(tBu)- Asp(OtBu)-Tyr(tBu)-Ser(tBu)-Ile-Norleucine-Leu-Asp(OtBu)-Lys(Boc)-Ile-Ala-Gln(Trt)- Lys(IVDde)-Ala-Phe-Val-Gln(Trt)-Trp-Leu-Ile-Ala-Gly-Gly-Pro-Ser(tBu)-Ser(tBu)-Gly- Ala-Pro-Pro-Pro-Ser(
• Example 16 Synthesis of Compound 12 Compound 12 was prepared by solid phase method as per the analogous process given for Example 5, wherein, Fmoc-Ile-OH was used at position 13 instead of Fmoc-[L-norvaline]- OH to get Boc-Tyr(tBu)-Aib-Glu(OtBu)-Gly-Thr(tBu)-Phe-Thr(tBu)-Ser(tBu)- Asp(OtBu)-Tyr(tBu)-Ser(tBu)-Ile-Ile-Leu-Asp(OtBu)-Lys(Boc)-Ile-Ala-Gln(Trt)- Lys(IVDde)-Ala-Phe-Val-Gln(Trt)-Trp-Leu-Ile-Ala-Gly-Gly-Pro-Ser(tBu)-Ser(tBu)-Gly- Ala-Pro-Pro-Pro-Ser(tBu)-
• Baseline blood glucose was measured from all the animals. All the animals were administered with test items subcutaneously. Blood glucose was measured at 4hr, 8hr, 12hr, 24hr, 48hr, 72hr and 96hr post treatment. Delta blood glucose (mM) was calculated. The results are provided in Table 3.
• body weight changes and cumulative food consumption was measured at 48hr and 96hr post treatment. The results of body weight changes are provided in Table 4 and cumulative food consumption are provided in Table 5.
• Table 4 The results of body weight changes are provided in Table 4 and cumulative food consumption are provided in Table 5.
• Table 3. Effect on blood glucose *p ⁇ 0.05, **p ⁇ 0.01, ***p ⁇ 0.001 vs Diabetic Control; Two way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni’s post-test.
• Table 4. Effect on body weight *p ⁇ 0.05, **p ⁇ 0.01, ***p ⁇ 0.001 vs. Diabetic Control; One way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni’s post test.
• the results demonstrate that Compound 1 and Compound 2 showed statistically significant blood glucose reduction upto 96hr post treatment.
• Example 16 Cellular cAMP assay In-vitro potency determination was performed using a cAMP assay.
• G protein coupled receptor (GPCR) activation following ligand binding initiates a series of second messenger cascades that results in a cellular response.
• Signaling by the GLP-1R and GIP-R involves activation of adenylate cyclase and cAMP production.

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