WO2022077349A1 - 具有冷却流道的电机 - Google Patents

具有冷却流道的电机 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022077349A1
WO2022077349A1 PCT/CN2020/121176 CN2020121176W WO2022077349A1 WO 2022077349 A1 WO2022077349 A1 WO 2022077349A1 CN 2020121176 W CN2020121176 W CN 2020121176W WO 2022077349 A1 WO2022077349 A1 WO 2022077349A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
end plate
rotor
flow channel
motor
cooling
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PCT/CN2020/121176
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张泽东
厉乐盛
Original Assignee
舍弗勒技术股份两合公司
张泽东
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Application filed by 舍弗勒技术股份两合公司, 张泽东 filed Critical 舍弗勒技术股份两合公司
Priority to PCT/CN2020/121176 priority Critical patent/WO2022077349A1/zh
Publication of WO2022077349A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022077349A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/27—Rotor cores with permanent magnets
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/32—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit with channels or ducts for flow of cooling medium
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K9/00—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating
    • H02K9/19—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating for machines with closed casing and closed-circuit cooling using a liquid cooling medium, e.g. oil

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of electric machines, and in particular, to an electric machine with cooling channels.
  • An annular rotor end plate 20 is provided on both sides of the rotor iron core 10 in the axial direction.
  • the rotor iron core 10 is connected with the rotor support 30 in a non-rotatable manner, and the rotor support 30 is provided with two rows of coolant holes that penetrate in the radial direction. H, the two rows of coolant holes H are located on the outer side of the rotor end plate 20 away from the rotor core 10 in the axial direction.
  • the stator bracket 60 for fixing the stator core 40 is provided with two rows of coolant holes H penetrating in the radial direction, and the two rows of coolant holes H are located on both sides of the stator core 40 in the axial direction.
  • the cooling liquid (or cooling oil) can flow from the radially inner side of the rotor bracket 30 through the cooling liquid hole H to the radially outer side of the rotor bracket 30, and further flow through the outer wall of the rotor end plate 20, so as to cool the rotor The temperature of the end plate 20 is lowered; on the other hand, the cooling liquid can also flow from the radially outer side of the stator bracket 60 through the cooling liquid hole H to the radially inner side of the stator bracket 60, and further flow through the stator windings wound around the stator core 40 50 to cool down the stator winding 50 .
  • the arrows in the figure show the main flow direction of the coolant.
  • the above cooling structure cannot directly liquid-cool the permanent magnets located inside the rotor core 10 . Therefore, during the continuous operation of the motor, the temperature of the permanent magnets inside the rotor core 10 is easily increased, and there is a risk of demagnetization at high temperatures.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to overcome or at least alleviate the above-mentioned deficiencies of the prior art, and to provide a motor with a cooling flow channel with good cooling effect.
  • the present invention provides a motor with a cooling channel, which includes a rotor iron core, a permanent magnet and a first end plate,
  • the rotor core is provided with a number of magnetic isolation slots, the permanent magnets are embedded in the magnetic isolation slots, and the part of the magnetic isolation slots that is not filled by the permanent magnets is formed to penetrate through the magnetic isolation slots in the axial direction. Describe the rotor flow channel of the rotor core,
  • the first end plate is annular and is fixed on an axial end face of the rotor core, wherein,
  • the face of the first end plate facing the rotor core in the axial direction is at least partially concave to form a first end plate flow channel, and the first end plate flow channel has a flow channel that communicates with the outside an inlet, the first end plate flow channel at least partially communicates with the rotor flow channel,
  • the cooling liquid can enter the first end plate flow channel from the flow channel inlet, and flow from the first end plate flow channel to the rotor flow channel.
  • the projection of the magnetic isolation groove on the cross section perpendicular to the axial direction is completely covered by the first end plate flow channel.
  • the motor further includes a second end plate, the second end plate is annular and fixed on the other axial end face of the rotor core,
  • the face of the second end plate facing the rotor core in the axial direction is at least partially concave to form a second end plate runner, the second end plate runner having a surface in the second end plate.
  • a radially outer open flow channel outlet, the second end plate flow channel at least partially communicates with the rotor flow channel.
  • the second end plate flow channels are closed radially inward of the second end plate.
  • the projection of the magnetic isolation groove on the cross section perpendicular to the axial direction is completely covered by the second end plate flow channel.
  • the motor is an inner rotor motor, and the flow channel inlet is opened radially inward of the first end plate.
  • the first end plate flow channels are closed radially outward of the first end plate.
  • the motor further includes a rotor support, the rotor support is connected to the rotor core in a non-rotatable manner,
  • the inside of the rotor support is provided with an inner support channel, the inner support channel is communicated with the flow channel inlet, and the cooling liquid can reach the flow channel inlet through the inner support channel.
  • the motor further includes a rotor support, the rotor support is partially sleeved on the inner circumference of the rotor iron core and connected to the rotor iron core in a non-rotatable manner,
  • the rotor bracket is provided with an inner hole of the rotor bracket that penetrates in the radial direction, and the inner hole of the rotor bracket is communicated with the inlet of the flow channel.
  • the rotor bracket is further provided with a plurality of outer holes of the rotor bracket that penetrate in the radial direction, and at least part of the outer holes of the rotor bracket are axially close to the first end plate and located in the the outer side of the first end plate away from the rotor core.
  • the permanent magnet located inside the rotor iron core can be in contact with the cooling liquid, and the cooling effect is good.
  • FIG. 1 shows a half of an axial cross-sectional view of a possible electric machine.
  • Figure 2 shows half of an axial cross-sectional view of an electric machine according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • Figure 3 shows a partial schematic view of a cross-section of a rotor of an electric machine according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 4 shows a partial schematic view of the first end plate 21 according to one embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 shows a partial schematic view of the second end plate 22 according to one embodiment of the present invention.
  • 6 to 8 are partial schematic views of cross-sections of rotors of electric machines according to other embodiments of the present invention.
  • stator core 50 stator winding; 60 stator bracket; 61 stator bracket hole;
  • M permanent magnet H coolant hole; A axial; R radial.
  • A represents the axial direction of the motor
  • R represents the radial direction of the motor.
  • FIGS. 2 to 5 a motor with cooling flow channels according to an embodiment of the present invention will be introduced.
  • the motor includes a rotor core 10 (or referred to as rotor laminations), permanent magnets M, a first end plate 21, a second end plate 22, a rotor support 30, a stator iron core 40 (or referred to as stator laminations), a stator Windings 50 and stator support 60 .
  • the permanent magnets M are embedded in the rotor core 10 .
  • a magnetic isolation slot 11 is formed inside the rotor iron core 10 , and the permanent magnets M are embedded in the magnetic isolation slot 11 to be fixed.
  • the magnetic shielding slot 11 has some regions that are not filled with the permanent magnets M, and these regions form the rotor flow passages 11p that penetrate the rotor core 10 in the axial direction A.
  • the rotor flow channel 11p can communicate with the first end plate flow channel 21p and the second end plate flow channel 22p described below to allow the cooling liquid to pass therethrough.
  • Both the first end plate 21 and the second end plate 22 are annular and are respectively fixed on the two axial end faces of the rotor core 10 , and preferably, the first end plate 21 and the second end plate 22 are both connected to the rotor core.
  • the axial end faces of 10 coincide.
  • the rotor bracket 30 passes through the through hole located in the inner circumference of the rotor iron core 10 , and the rotor bracket 30 is connected to the rotor iron core 10 in a non-rotatable manner.
  • the inner side surface 21f of the first end plate is partially concave to form a first end plate flow channel 21p, the first end plate flow channel 21p at least partially communicates with the rotor flow channel 11p, and the first end plate flow channel 21p has a first end plate flow channel 21p at the first end.
  • the radially inner side of the plate 21 is open to the flow channel inlet 210 .
  • the first end plate flow passages 21p are not open radially outward of the first end plate 21 to increase the pressure of the coolant flowing into the first end plate flow passages 21p to flow toward the rotor flow passages 11p.
  • the inner side surface 22f of the second end plate is partially concave to form a second end plate flow channel 22p, the second end plate flow channel 22p at least partially communicates with the rotor flow channel 11p, and the second end plate flow channel 22p has a second end plate flow channel 22p at the second end
  • the flow channel outlet 220 is open on the radially outer side of the plate 22 .
  • the second end plate flow channel 22p is only open at the radial outer side of the second end plate 22, and the cooling liquid can axially flow through the rotor flow channel 11p and flow to the second end plate under the action of centrifugal force
  • the flow channel 22p is finally discharged from the flow channel outlet 220 .
  • the second end plate flow channel 22p may also be open on the radially inner side and the radially outer side at the same time.
  • FIGS. 3 to 5 respectively show a portion of the cross-section of the rotor core 10 and a portion of the first end plate 21 and the second end plate 22 viewed from the inner side, so as to reflect a plurality of circumferentially spaced apart
  • the shape of a basic module of the rotor runner 11p, the first end plate runner 21p and the second end plate runner 22p is described below, they are all simplified to describe the shape of the above-mentioned one basic module.
  • each magnetic isolation slot 11 is V-shaped, and the opening of the V-shaped faces radially outward.
  • Each of the magnetic isolation slots 11 is formed with three rotor flow passages 11p located at three vertices of the V-shape.
  • both the first end plate flow channel 21 p and the second end plate flow channel 22 p include a V-shaped area that coincides with the cross section of the magnetic isolation slot 11 .
  • the first end plate flow channel 21p is Y-shaped, which includes a V-shaped region located at the outer peripheral portion, and a region connected to the flow channel inlet 210 located at the inner peripheral portion.
  • the second end plate flow channel 22p has a V shape, and two branches of the V shape extend to the outer peripheral side of the second end plate 22 and form two flow channel outlets 220 .
  • the rotor bracket 30 is provided with a plurality of rotor bracket inner holes 31 , and each rotor bracket inner hole 31 is communicated with a flow channel inlet 210 .
  • the cooling liquid thrown from the radially inner side of the rotor holder 30 can flow into the first end plate flow passage 21p through the flow passage inlet 210 .
  • the coolant flows from the radial inner side of the rotor bracket 30 to the radial outer side of the rotor bracket 30 through the outer hole 32 of the rotor bracket 30 , and continues to flow radially outward against the outer walls of the first end plate 21 and the second end plate 22 , thereby increasing the cooling effect on the first end plate 21 and the second end plate 22 .
  • the outer hole 32 of the rotor bracket close to the first end plate 21 can also form a hole with the inner hole 31 of the rotor bracket, that is, the outer hole 32 of the rotor bracket located on the right side in FIG. 2 can communicate with the inner hole 31 of the rotor bracket to form a hole. form a hole.
  • the stator winding 50 is wound around the stator iron core 40 , and both sides of the stator winding 50 in the axial direction A are exposed to the stator iron core 40 .
  • the stator core 40 is fixed to the radially inner side of the stator bracket 60 .
  • the upper part of the stator bracket 60 is provided with two rows of stator bracket holes 61 penetrating the stator bracket 60 in the radial direction R, and the stator bracket holes 61 are at least partially aligned with the stator winding 50 in the axial direction A.
  • coolant is mainly supplied at two locations.
  • the solid one-way arrows in FIG. 2 show the main flow paths of the coolant.
  • the first supply position is on the rotor shaft.
  • the cooling liquid is thrown out under the action of centrifugal force, and part of the cooling liquid flows into the first end through the inner hole 31 of the rotor bracket.
  • the plate runner 21p then axially passes through the rotor runner 11p and flows into the second end plate runner 22p, and finally flows out from the runner outlet 220, which can effectively cool the permanent magnet M.
  • Another part of the cooling liquid passes through the outer hole 32 of the rotor support and flows radially outward against the outer walls of the first end plate 21 and the second end plate 22 , thereby cooling the first end plate 21 and the second end plate 22 .
  • the second supply position is above the stator bracket 60 , for example, a pipe or channel is provided above the stator bracket 60 , and the cooling liquid flows out from the pipe or channel and sprinkles on the stator bracket 60 .
  • the cooling liquid passes through the stator bracket holes 61 under the action of gravity and at least partially spills onto the stator windings 50 , thereby cooling the stator windings 50 .
  • Coolant flows to the bottom of the motor housing during the final stages of the spraying process and returns to the oil pump for the next cooling cycle.
  • the rotor flow passages 11p will be located at different positions of the cross section of the rotor core 10, and correspondingly, the first end plate flow passages 21p and the second end plate
  • the flow channels 22p may also have different shapes.
  • FIG. 6 shows a V-shaped and in-line arrangement of the basic modules of the permanent magnet M
  • FIG. 7 shows an in-line arrangement of the basic modules of the permanent magnet M
  • FIG. 8 shows The basic module of the permanent magnet M is arranged in a two-column inline shape with the inner side and the outer side juxtaposed. In these arrangements, the magnetic isolation grooves 11 are freed from the rotor flow channels 11p on both sides of the permanent magnets M. As shown in FIG.
  • the arrangement form of the permanent magnets M in the rotor core 10 is not limited to the form listed in the drawings, and the present invention does not limit the specific shapes of the corresponding first end plate flow channels 21p and second end plate flow channels 22p, only It is required that both the first end plate flow channel 21p and the second end plate flow channel 22p partially overlap the rotor flow channel 11p, and preferably, the first end plate flow channel 21p does not open radially outside the first end plate 21 .
  • the cooling liquid can flow into the magnetic isolation groove 11 to take away the heat of the permanent magnet M.
  • the motor has a simple structure and good cooling effect, which ensures the continuous and stable operation of the motor.
  • the coolant flows into the motor from the first end plate 21 located on the right side and flows out of the motor from the second end plate 22 located on the left side.
  • the positions of the two end plates 22 on both sides of the rotor core 10 are not limited. 2 , the first end plate 21 may be attached to the left side of the rotor core 10 and the second end plate 22 may be attached to the right side of the rotor core 10 .
  • the present invention does not limit the specific structure of the rotor support 30 and the connection position of the rotor support 30 and the rotor (including the rotor core 10 , the first end plate 21 and the second end plate 22 ).
  • the rotor bracket 30 may not be provided with an inner hole of the rotor bracket.
  • the second end plate flow channel 22p on the second end plate 22 may not be It opens radially outward, but penetrates the second end plate 22 in the axial direction, for example.
  • the present invention does not limit the number of the rotor bracket outer holes 32 provided on the rotor bracket 30.
  • only one row of the rotor bracket outer holes 32 can be provided on the side where the first end plate 21 or the second end plate 22 is located.
  • the rotor bracket outer hole 32 may not be provided.
  • the motor according to the present invention has been described by taking an inner rotor motor as an example in the above embodiments, it should be understood that the motor with cooling flow passages of the present invention is equally applicable to an outer rotor motor.
  • the first end plate flow channel has a flow channel inlet that communicates with the outside, and preferably, the flow channel inlet communicates with the inner bracket channel arranged inside the rotor bracket (in this case below, the rotor bracket is connected with the outer peripheral part of the rotor, for example), and the cooling liquid can reach the inlet of the flow channel through the inner channel of the bracket.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Motor Or Generator Cooling System (AREA)
  • Iron Core Of Rotating Electric Machines (AREA)

Abstract

一种具有冷却流道的电机，其包括转子铁芯（10）、永磁体（M）和第一端板（21），转子铁芯（10）内设有若干隔磁槽（11），永磁体（M）嵌设于隔磁槽（11）内，隔磁槽（11）的未被永磁体（M）填满的部分形成在轴向（A）上贯穿转子铁芯（10）的转子流道（11p），第一端板（21）呈环形且固定在转子铁芯（10）的一个轴向端面，第一端板（21）在轴向（A）上朝向转子铁芯（10）的面至少部分地凹进而形成第一端板流道（21p），第一端板流道（21p）具有与外部相导通的流道入口（210），第一端板流道（21p）至少部分地与转子流道（11p）连通，从而使冷却液能从流道入口（210）进入第一端板流道（21p），并从第一端板流道（21p）流至转子流道（11p）。

Description

具有冷却流道的电机 技术领域
本发明涉及电机领域，且特别地涉及一种具有冷却流道的电机。
背景技术
电机在工作过程中容易产生较大的热量，为了给电机散热，一种可能的方式如图1所示：
转子铁芯10的轴向两侧各设有一个环形的转子端板20，转子铁芯10与转子支架30不能相对转动地连接，转子支架30上设有在径向上贯通的两列冷却液孔H，这两列冷却液孔H在轴向上位于转子端板20的远离转子铁芯10的外侧。用于固定定子铁芯40的定子支架60上设有在径向上贯通的两列冷却液孔H，这两列冷却液孔H在轴向上位于定子铁芯40的两侧。
一方面，冷却液(或者说冷却机油)可以从转子支架30的径向内侧穿过冷却液孔H流至转子支架30的径向外侧，并进一步流过转子端板20的外壁，以对转子端板20降温；另一方面，冷却液还可以从定子支架60的径向外侧穿过冷却液孔H流至定子支架60的径向内侧，并进一步流过缠绕于定子铁芯40的定子绕组50，以对定子绕组50降温。图中的箭头示出了冷却液的主要流向。
然而，上述冷却结构不能对位于转子铁芯10内部的永磁体进行直接的液冷降温。因此在电机连续运转的过程中，转子铁芯10内部的永磁体很容易温度升高，并且在高温下有退磁的风险。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服或至少减轻上述现有技术存在的不足，提供一种冷却效果好的具有冷却流道的电机。
本发明提供一种具有冷却流道的电机，其包括转子铁芯、永磁体和第一端板，
所述转子铁芯内设有若干隔磁槽，所述永磁体嵌设于所述隔磁槽内，所述隔磁槽的未被所述永磁体填满的部分形成在轴向上贯穿所述转子铁芯的转子流道，
所述第一端板呈环形且固定在所述转子铁芯的一个轴向端面，其中，
所述第一端板在所述轴向上朝向所述转子铁芯的面至少部分地凹进而形成第一端板流道，所述第一端板流道具有与外部相导通的流道入口，所述第一端板流道至少部分地与所述转子流道连通，
从而使冷却液能从所述流道入口进入所述第一端板流道，并从所述第一端板流道流至所述转子流道。
在至少一个实施方式中，所述隔磁槽在垂直于所述轴向的横截面上的投影完全被所述第一端板流道覆盖。
在至少一个实施方式中，所述电机还包括第二端板，所述第二端板呈环形且固定在所述转子铁芯的另一个轴向端面，
所述第二端板在所述轴向上朝向所述转子铁芯的面至少部分地凹进而形成第二端板流道，所述第二端板流道具有在所述第二端板的径向外侧开放的流道出口，所述第二端板流道至少部分地与所述转子流道连通。
在至少一个实施方式中，所述第二端板流道在所述第二端板的径向内侧封闭。
在至少一个实施方式中，所述隔磁槽在垂直于所述轴向的横截面上的投影完全被所述第二端板流道覆盖。
在至少一个实施方式中，所述电机为内转子电机，所述流道入口在所述第一端板的径向内侧开放。
在至少一个实施方式中，所述第一端板流道在所述第一端板的径向外侧封闭。
在至少一个实施方式中，所述电机还包括转子支架，所述转子支架与所述转子铁芯不能相对转动地连接，
所述转子支架的内部设有支架内通道，所述支架内通道与所述流道入口相通，冷却液能经由所述支架内通道到达所述流道入口。
在至少一个实施方式中，所述电机还包括转子支架，所述转子支架部分地套设在所述转子铁芯的内周并与所述转子铁芯不能相对转动地连接，
所述转子支架上设有在径向上贯通的转子支架内孔，所述转子支架内孔与所述流道入口连通。
在至少一个实施方式中，所述转子支架上还设有若干在径向上贯通的转子支架外孔，至少部分所述转子支架外孔在轴向上紧靠所述第一端板且位于所述第一端板的远离所述转子铁芯的外侧。
根据本发明的具有冷却流道的电机，其中的位于转子铁芯内部的永磁体能与冷却液接触，冷却效果好。
附图说明
图1示出了一种可能的电机的沿轴向的剖视图的一半。
图2示出了根据本发明的一个实施方式的电机的沿轴向的剖视图的一半。
图3示出了根据本发明的一个实施方式的电机的转子的横截面的部分示意图。
图4示出了根据本发明的一个实施方式的第一端板21的部分示意图。
图5示出了根据本发明的一个实施方式的第二端板22的部分示意图。
图6至图8是根据本发明的其它实施方式的电机的转子的横截面的部分 示意图。
附图标记说明：
10转子铁芯；11隔磁槽；11p转子流道；
20转子端板；21第一端板；22第二端板；
21f第一端板内侧面；21p第一端板流道；210流道入口；
22f第二端板内侧面；22p第二端板流道；220流道出口；
30转子支架；31转子支架内孔；32转子支架外孔；
40定子铁芯；50定子绕组；60定子支架；61定子支架孔；
M永磁体；H冷却液孔；A轴向；R径向。
具体实施方式
下面参照附图描述本发明的示例性实施方式。应当理解，这些具体的说明仅用于示教本领域技术人员如何实施本发明，而不用于穷举本发明的所有可行的方式，也不用于限制本发明的范围。
参照图2至图8，介绍根据本发明的具有冷却流道的电机。除非特别说明，参照图2，A表示电机的轴向，R表示电机的径向。
首先参照图2至图5，介绍根据本发明的一个实施方式的具有冷却流道的电机。
该电机包括转子铁芯10(或者称为转子叠片)、永磁体M、第一端板21、第二端板22、转子支架30、定子铁芯40(或者称为定子叠片)、定子绕组50和定子支架60。
永磁体M嵌设在转子铁芯10的内部。
具体地，参照图3，转子铁芯10的内部形成有隔磁槽11，永磁体M嵌设在隔磁槽11内得到固定。并且，隔磁槽11内留有部分未被永磁体M填满的区域，这些区域形成在轴向A上贯通转子铁芯10的转子流道11p。转子流道11p 能与下文介绍的第一端板流道21p和第二端板流道22p连通，以使冷却液通过。
第一端板21和第二端板22均呈环形并分别固定在转子铁芯10的两个轴向端面上，且优选地，第一端板21和第二端板22均与转子铁芯10的轴向端面重合。
转子支架30穿过位于转子铁芯10的内周的通孔，且转子支架30与转子铁芯10不能相对转动地连接。
参照图4和图5，第一端板21的朝向转子铁芯10的端面为第一端板内侧面21f，第二端板22的朝向转子铁芯10的端面为第二端板内侧面22f。
第一端板内侧面21f部分地凹进而形成第一端板流道21p，第一端板流道21p至少部分地与转子流道11p连通，且第一端板流道21p具有在第一端板21的径向内侧开放的流道入口210。第一端板流道21p不在第一端板21的径向外侧开放，以给流入第一端板流道21p的冷却液增加向转子流道11p流动的压力。
第二端板内侧面22f部分地凹进而形成第二端板流道22p，第二端板流道22p至少部分地与转子流道11p连通，且第二端板流道22p具有在第二端板22的径向外侧开放的流道出口220。在本实施方式中，第二端板流道22p仅在第二端板22的径向外侧开放，冷却液能轴向地流过转子流道11p，并在离心力的作用下流至第二端板流道22p、最终从流道出口220排出。应当理解，第二端板流道22p也可以同时在径向内侧和径向外侧开放。
应当理解，图3至图5分别示出了转子铁芯10的横截面的部分以及从内侧面观察第一端板21和第二端板22的部分，以体现在周向上间隔设置的多个转子流道11p、第一端板流道21p和第二端板流道22p的一个基本模块的形状。以下在介绍转子流道11p、第一端板流道21p和第二端板流道22p的形状时， 均简化为描述上述一个基本模块的形状。
优选地，在本实施方式中，每个隔磁槽11的横截面均呈V形，V形的开口朝向径向外侧。每个隔磁槽11形成有三个转子流道11p，这三个转子流道11p位于V形的三个顶点。
优选地，与隔磁槽11的形状相适应，第一端板流道21p和第二端板流道22p均包括与隔磁槽11的横截面重合的V形区域。具体地，第一端板流道21p呈Y形，其包括位于外周部的呈V形的区域，和位于内周部的与流道入口210相连的区域。第二端板流道22p呈V形，V形的两个分支延伸到第二端板22的外周侧并形成两个流道出口220。
回到图2，转子支架30上设有若干转子支架内孔31，每个转子支架内孔31与一个流道入口210相连通。从转子支架30的径向内侧抛出的冷却液能通过流道入口210而流入第一端板流道21p。
在本实施方式中，转子支架30上还设有两列在径向R上贯通转子支架30的转子支架外孔32。这两列转子支架外孔32均紧贴第一端板21或第二端板22，并在轴向A上分别位于第一端板21和第二端板22的远离转子铁芯10的一侧。冷却液从转子支架30的径向内侧穿过转子支架外孔32流至转子支架30的径向外侧，并贴着第一端板21和第二端板22的外侧壁继续向径向外侧流动，从而增加了对第一端板21和第二端板22的降温作用。
应当理解，紧靠第一端板21的转子支架外孔32也可以与转子支架内孔31形成一个孔，即图2中位于右侧的转子支架外孔32可以和转子支架内孔31相通而形成一个孔。
定子绕组50缠绕于定子铁芯40，且定子绕组50在轴向A上的两侧均露出于定子铁芯40。定子铁芯40固定于定子支架60的径向内侧。
在本实施方式中，定子支架60的上部设有两列在径向R上贯穿定子支架 60的定子支架孔61，定子支架孔61在轴向A上与定子绕组50至少部分地对齐。
在一种可能的应用中，冷却液主要在两个位置供给。图2中的实线单向箭头示出了冷却液的主要流动路径。
第一个供给位置是在转子轴上，例如转子轴上设有孔，在转子轴转动过程中，冷却液在离心力作用下被甩出，部分冷却液穿过转子支架内孔31流入第一端板流道21p，之后轴向地穿过转子流道11p而流入第二端板流道22p，并最终从流道出口220流出，该过程能有效地给永磁体M降温。另有部分冷却液穿过转子支架外孔32并贴着第一端板21和第二端板22的外侧壁向径向外侧流动，从而给第一端板21和第二端板22降温。
第二个供给位置是在定子支架60的上方，例如定子支架60的上方设有管道或通道，冷却液从管道或通道中流出并洒落在定子支架60上。冷却液在重力作用下穿过定子支架孔61而至少部分地洒落到定子绕组50，从而给定子绕组50降温。
冷却液在抛洒过程的最后阶段会流到电机壳体的底部，并流回油泵以进行下一个冷却循环。
应当理解，根据永磁体M在转子铁芯10内部的不同布置方式，转子流道11p将位于转子铁芯10的横截面的不同位置，相应地，第一端板流道21p和第二端板流道22p也可以具有不同的形状。
例如，图6示出了一种永磁体M的基本模块呈V形加一字形的排布方式，图7示出了一种永磁体M的基本模块呈一字形的排布方式，图8示出了一种永磁体M的基本模块呈内侧和外侧并列的两列一字形的排布方式。在这些排布方式中，隔磁槽11在永磁体M的两侧均空出转子流道11p。
应当理解，永磁体M在转子铁芯10内的布置形式不限于图中列举的形式，本发明对相应的第一端板流道21p和第二端板流道22p的具体形状不作限 制，仅需要满足第一端板流道21p和第二端板流道22p均部分地和转子流道11p重合，且优选地，第一端板流道21p不在第一端板21的径向外侧开放。
下面简单说明本发明的上述实施方式的部分有益效果。
(i)冷却液能流入隔磁槽11内以带走永磁体M的热量。
(ii)永磁体M不容易由于温度过高而退磁。
(iii)电机结构简单、冷却效果好，保证了电机连续稳定地运行。
应当理解，上述实施方式仅是示例性的，不用于限制本发明。本领域技术人员可以在本发明的教导下对上述实施方式做出各种变型和改变，而不脱离本发明的范围。例如，
(i)虽然在图2中，冷却液是从位于右侧的第一端板21流入电机内部、从位于左侧的第二端板22流出电机，但本发明对第一端板21和第二端板22在转子铁芯10两侧的位置不作限定。即对于图2，也可以是第一端板21安装在转子铁芯10的左侧、第二端板22安装在转子铁芯10的右侧。
(ii)本发明对转子支架30的具体结构、以及转子支架30与转子(包括转子铁芯10、第一端板21和第二端板22)的连接位置不作限制。当转子支架30不在径向内侧阻挡流道入口210时，转子支架30上也可以不设置转子支架内孔。
(iii)由于在离心力的作用下，流入转子流道11p的冷却液有从第二端板22所在的一侧流出的趋势，第二端板22上的第二端板流道22p也可以不向径向外侧开放，而是例如在轴向上贯穿第二端板22。
(iv)本发明对设置于转子支架30的转子支架外孔32的数量不作限制，例如可以只在第一端板21或第二端板22所在的一侧设置一列转子支架外孔32，也可以不设置转子支架外孔32。
(v)虽然在上述实施方式中以内转子电机为例介绍了根据本发明的电 机，应当理解，本发明的具有冷却流道的电机同样适用于外转子电机。当转子设置于定子的外周时，第一端板流道具有与外部相导通的流道入口，且优选地，该流道入口与设置于转子支架内部的支架内通道导通(这种情况下，转子支架例如与转子的外周部相连)，冷却液能经由支架内通道到达流道入口。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种具有冷却流道的电机，其包括转子铁芯(10)、永磁体(M)和第一端板(21)，
    所述转子铁芯(10)内设有若干隔磁槽(11)，所述永磁体(M)嵌设于所述隔磁槽(11)内，所述隔磁槽(11)的未被所述永磁体(M)填满的部分形成在轴向(A)上贯穿所述转子铁芯(10)的转子流道(11p)，
    所述第一端板(21)呈环形且固定在所述转子铁芯(10)的一个轴向端面，其中，
    所述第一端板(21)在所述轴向(A)上朝向所述转子铁芯(10)的面至少部分地凹进而形成第一端板流道(21p)，所述第一端板流道(21p)具有与外部相导通的流道入口(210)，所述第一端板流道(21p)至少部分地与所述转子流道(11p)连通，
    从而使冷却液能从所述流道入口(210)进入所述第一端板流道(21p)，并从所述第一端板流道(21p)流至所述转子流道(11p)。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的具有冷却流道的电机，其特征在于，所述隔磁槽(11)在垂直于所述轴向(A)的横截面上的投影完全被所述第一端板流道(21p)覆盖。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的具有冷却流道的电机，其特征在于，所述电机还包括第二端板(22)，所述第二端板(22)呈环形且固定在所述转子铁芯(10)的另一个轴向端面，
    所述第二端板(22)在所述轴向(A)上朝向所述转子铁芯(10)的面至少部分地凹进而形成第二端板流道(22p)，所述第二端板流道(22p)具有在所述第二端板(22)的径向外侧开放的流道出口(220)，所述第二端板流道(22p)至少部分地与所述转子流道(11p)连通。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的具有冷却流道的电机，其特征在于，所述第二 端板流道(22p)在所述第二端板(22)的径向内侧封闭。
  5. 根据权利要求3所述的具有冷却流道的电机，其特征在于，所述隔磁槽(11)在垂直于所述轴向(A)的横截面上的投影完全被所述第二端板流道(22p)覆盖。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的具有冷却流道的电机，其特征在于，所述电机为内转子电机，所述流道入口(210)在所述第一端板(21)的径向内侧开放。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的具有冷却流道的电机，其特征在于，所述第一端板流道(21p)在所述第一端板(21)的径向外侧封闭。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的具有冷却流道的电机，其特征在于，所述电机还包括转子支架(30)，所述转子支架(30)与所述转子铁芯(10)不能相对转动地连接，
    所述转子支架(30)的内部设有支架内通道，所述支架内通道与所述流道入口(210)相通，冷却液能经由所述支架内通道到达所述流道入口(210)。
  9. 根据权利要求6所述的具有冷却流道的电机，其特征在于，所述电机还包括转子支架(30)，所述转子支架(30)部分地套设在所述转子铁芯(10)的内周并与所述转子铁芯(10)不能相对转动地连接，
    所述转子支架(30)上设有在径向上贯通的转子支架内孔(31)，所述转子支架内孔(31)与所述流道入口(210)连通。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的具有冷却流道的电机，其特征在于，所述转子支架(30)上还设有若干在径向上贯通的转子支架外孔(32)，至少部分所述转子支架外孔(32)在轴向上紧靠所述第一端板(21)且位于所述第一端板(21)的远离所述转子铁芯(10)的外侧。
PCT/CN2020/121176 2020-10-15 2020-10-15 具有冷却流道的电机 WO2022077349A1 (zh)

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Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101755376A (zh) * 2007-07-19 2010-06-23 丰田自动车株式会社 旋转电机
JP2012105487A (ja) * 2010-11-11 2012-05-31 Komatsu Ltd 電動モータの冷却装置
CN110784036A (zh) * 2018-07-27 2020-02-11 法雷奥西门子新能源汽车(德国)有限公司 用于电机的转子布置的端板、用于电机的转子布置和车辆
CN111033952A (zh) * 2017-09-06 2020-04-17 三菱电机株式会社 旋转电机

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101755376A (zh) * 2007-07-19 2010-06-23 丰田自动车株式会社 旋转电机
JP2012105487A (ja) * 2010-11-11 2012-05-31 Komatsu Ltd 電動モータの冷却装置
CN111033952A (zh) * 2017-09-06 2020-04-17 三菱电机株式会社 旋转电机
CN110784036A (zh) * 2018-07-27 2020-02-11 法雷奥西门子新能源汽车(德国)有限公司 用于电机的转子布置的端板、用于电机的转子布置和车辆

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