WO2022071914A2 - Yellow-colored vegetable textile dye composition and related dyeing method - Google Patents
Yellow-colored vegetable textile dye composition and related dyeing method Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2022071914A2 WO2022071914A2 PCT/TR2021/051543 TR2021051543W WO2022071914A2 WO 2022071914 A2 WO2022071914 A2 WO 2022071914A2 TR 2021051543 W TR2021051543 W TR 2021051543W WO 2022071914 A2 WO2022071914 A2 WO 2022071914A2
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- acid derivative
- tannin
- gallic acid
- ellagic acid
- derivative
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000004043 dyeing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 66
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 230000000843 anti-fungal effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000003266 anti-allergic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000000844 anti-bacterial effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000003110 anti-inflammatory effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000000840 anti-viral effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229940121375 antifungal agent Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910003439 heavy metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- LNTHITQWFMADLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N gallic acid Chemical class OC(=O)C1=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C1 LNTHITQWFMADLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 110
- 229920002079 Ellagic acid Chemical class 0.000 claims description 73
- AFSDNFLWKVMVRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ellagic acid Chemical class OC1=C(O)C(OC2=O)=C3C4=C2C=C(O)C(O)=C4OC(=O)C3=C1 AFSDNFLWKVMVRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 73
- ATJXMQHAMYVHRX-CPCISQLKSA-N Ellagic acid Chemical class OC1=C(O)[C@H]2OC(=O)c3cc(O)c(O)c4OC(=O)C(=C1)[C@H]2c34 ATJXMQHAMYVHRX-CPCISQLKSA-N 0.000 claims description 73
- 235000004132 ellagic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 73
- 229960002852 ellagic acid Drugs 0.000 claims description 73
- FAARLWTXUUQFSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylellagic acid Chemical class O1C(=O)C2=CC(O)=C(O)C3=C2C2=C1C(OC)=C(O)C=C2C(=O)O3 FAARLWTXUUQFSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 73
- 229920001864 tannin Polymers 0.000 claims description 46
- 239000001648 tannin Substances 0.000 claims description 46
- 235000004515 gallic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 37
- 229940074391 gallic acid Drugs 0.000 claims description 37
- 235000018553 tannin Nutrition 0.000 claims description 22
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 241001016380 Reseda luteola Species 0.000 claims description 20
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 17
- 229940117893 apigenin Drugs 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229940037003 alum Drugs 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 244000305267 Quercus macrolepis Species 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000016976 Quercus macrolepis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000329 aluminium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- DIZPMCHEQGEION-UHFFFAOYSA-H aluminium sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Al+3].[Al+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O DIZPMCHEQGEION-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000011128 aluminium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 240000003946 Saponaria officinalis Species 0.000 claims description 3
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000834 fixative Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000015320 potassium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims 3
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 17
- MWDZOUNAPSSOEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaempferol Natural products OC1=C(C(=O)c2cc(O)cc(O)c2O1)c3ccc(O)cc3 MWDZOUNAPSSOEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- LRDGATPGVJTWLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N luteolin Natural products OC1=CC(O)=CC(C=2OC3=CC(O)=CC(O)=C3C(=O)C=2)=C1 LRDGATPGVJTWLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 235000009498 luteolin Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- KZNIFHPLKGYRTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N apigenin Chemical compound C1=CC(O)=CC=C1C1=CC(=O)C2=C(O)C=C(O)C=C2O1 KZNIFHPLKGYRTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- XADJWCRESPGUTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N apigenin Natural products C1=CC(O)=CC=C1C1=CC(=O)C2=CC(O)=C(O)C=C2O1 XADJWCRESPGUTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 235000008714 apigenin Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- IQPNAANSBPBGFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N luteolin Chemical compound C=1C(O)=CC(O)=C(C(C=2)=O)C=1OC=2C1=CC=C(O)C(O)=C1 IQPNAANSBPBGFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 150000001472 apigenin derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000000711 cancerogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 231100000315 carcinogenic Toxicity 0.000 description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000002660 luteolin derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 241000219287 Saponaria Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000001397 quillaja saponaria molina bark Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229930182490 saponin Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 150000007949 saponins Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002907 Guar gum Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229930182559 Natural dye Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 241000665150 Quercus ithaburensis Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 aluminum ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000000845 anti-microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229930003935 flavonoid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002215 flavonoids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000017173 flavonoids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000665 guar gum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960002154 guar gum Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000010417 guar gum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000383 hazardous chemical Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 210000000050 mohair Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000000978 natural dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003209 petroleum derivative Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011181 potassium carbonates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004627 regenerated cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000003296 saliva Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium carbonate Substances [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035900 sweating Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000979 synthetic dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000002268 wool Anatomy 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09B—ORGANIC DYES OR CLOSELY-RELATED COMPOUNDS FOR PRODUCING DYES, e.g. PIGMENTS; MORDANTS; LAKES
- C09B61/00—Dyes of natural origin prepared from natural sources, e.g. vegetable sources
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09B—ORGANIC DYES OR CLOSELY-RELATED COMPOUNDS FOR PRODUCING DYES, e.g. PIGMENTS; MORDANTS; LAKES
- C09B67/00—Influencing the physical, e.g. the dyeing or printing properties of dyestuffs without chemical reactions, e.g. by treating with solvents grinding or grinding assistants, coating of pigments or dyes; Process features in the making of dyestuff preparations; Dyestuff preparations of a special physical nature, e.g. tablets, films
- C09B67/0033—Blends of pigments; Mixtured crystals; Solid solutions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09B—ORGANIC DYES OR CLOSELY-RELATED COMPOUNDS FOR PRODUCING DYES, e.g. PIGMENTS; MORDANTS; LAKES
- C09B67/00—Influencing the physical, e.g. the dyeing or printing properties of dyestuffs without chemical reactions, e.g. by treating with solvents grinding or grinding assistants, coating of pigments or dyes; Process features in the making of dyestuff preparations; Dyestuff preparations of a special physical nature, e.g. tablets, films
- C09B67/0071—Process features in the making of dyestuff preparations; Dehydrating agents; Dispersing agents; Dustfree compositions
- C09B67/0092—Dyes in solid form
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06P—DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
- D06P1/00—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed
- D06P1/34—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed using natural dyestuffs
Definitions
- the invention relates to, generally, a dyestuff to be used in the field of textile, and more specifically, a natural and organic yellow-colored vegetable textile dyestuff composition and related dyeing method, which has antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antiinflammatory, and antiallergic properties, does not contain toxic and heavy metal oxides, is environmentally friendly, and saves water and energy in dyeing.
- Weld (Reseda luteola L.) has been used to dye protein fibers (wool, silk, mohair, etc.) in traditional dyeing. However, it has not been widely used to dye cellulose- based fibers (cotton, linen, regenerated cellulose, etc.).
- yellow-colored and plant-based organic dyestuff containing natural and organic plant-based luteolin, apigenin, luteolin derivatives, and apigenin derivatives is not used sustainably and on an industrial scale.
- the natural dyestuff in use lack reproducibility.
- the amount of water consumed during synthetic dyeing is at least twice as much as the amount used with the natural yellow plant-based dyestuff of the invention.
- the amount of energy consumed during synthetic dyeing is at least twice as much as the amount used with the natural yellow plant-based dyestuff of the invention.
- the dyeing times of synthetic dyes are at least twice as much as the time required when using the natural yellow plant-based dyestuff of the invention.
- the present invention relates to, generally, a dyestuff to be used in the field of textile, and more specifically, a natural and organic yellow-colored vegetable textile dyestuff composition and related dyeing method, which has antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antiinflammatory, and antiallergic properties, does not contain toxic and heavy metal oxides, is environmentally friendly, and saves water and energy in dyeing.
- the dyestuff of the invention which is obtained from weld (Reseda luteola L.), provides a significant advantage since it consumes less water and less energy and is more environmentally friendly when compared to synthetic dyestuff.
- the obtained dyestuff allows the industrial-scale use of both protein- and, especially, cellulose- based textiles.
- weld Reseda luteola
- the parts of weld that remain above the ground (stem, lateral shoots, leaves, and flowers), cupules of the acorns of the Valonia oak (Quercus ithaburensis), and soapwort (Saponaria officinalis L.) are ground and are extracted with water, and the extract (containing dyestuff and active substances) is turned into a dyestuff in the form of solid powder.
- the extract containing dyestuff and active substances
- the objective of the present invention is to provide a natural and organic plantbased textile dyestuff composition for a new yellow color and its shades, wherein it has antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antiinflammatory, and antiallergic properties, does not contain toxic and heavy metal oxides, consumes less water, spends less energy, provides shorter dyeing time, ensures less use of labor, and enables more environmentally-friendly dyeing.
- Another feature of the present invention is that it provides a composition that is developed in consideration of the absence of any harm resulting from its contact with the human body by way of sweating, saliva, or skin, and a dyestuff and a dyeing method that have antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antiinflammatory, and antiallergic properties, are neither toxic nor carcinogenic, are environmentally friendly, provide a natural, organic and plant-based yellow color and its shades, and consume less water and energy.
- the resulting product (dyestuff) is coded as RK-Natural Yellow-RIC.
- the other advantages of the invention are listed below:
- the waste water can be reused for dyeing with the same color without any pretreatment or treatment.
- the produced dyestuff can be used in all types of textile dyeing machines.
- the dyestuff (RK-Natural-Yellow-Rt) in the form of powder of the present invention contains [luteolin-aluminum-tannin (gallic acid, gallic acid derivative, ellagic acid, ellagic acid derivative); apigenin-aluminum-tannin (gallic acid, gallic acid derivative, ellagic acid, ellagic acid derivative); luteolin derivatives-aluminum-tannin (gallic acid, gallic acid derivative, ellagic acid, ellagic acid derivative); apigenin derivatives- aluminum-tannin (gallic acid, gallic acid derivative, ellagic acid, ellagic acid derivative)], citric acid, alum [KAI(SO4).12H2O], white bentonite natural clay, yellow natural clay, vegetable tannin extract, and saponin, wherein it is homogeneously suspended in water and/or dissolved, behaving like a single compound over the course of dyeing.
- the ratios, by weight, of the contents of the yellow-colored dyestuff of the present invention are given below:
- the stem, lateral shoots, leaves, and flowers of weld which grows in the wild or can also be cultivated, contain primary dyestuff luteolin, luteolin derivatives, apigenin, and apigenin derivatives in the structure of flavonoid.
- Natural dyestuffs obtained from the stem, lateral shoots, leaves, and flowers of this plant enable the formation of shades of light yellow, yellow, and bright yellow.
- Soapwort (Saponaria officinalis) is an annual plant that grows in the wild and can also be cultivated, containing saponin (C58O27H94).
- saponin C58O27H94
- Cupule of the acorns of the Valonia oak contains gallic acid, ellagic acid, and its derivatives (tannin). They form the following ternary complexes: luteolin-aluminum- tannin (gallic acid, gallic acid derivative, ellagic acid, ellagic acid derivative), apigenin-aluminum-tannin (gallic acid, gallic acid derivative, ellagic acid, ellagic acid derivative), luteolin derivatives-aluminum-tannin (gallic acid, gallic acid derivative, ellagic acid, ellagic acid derivative), and apigenin derivatives-aluminum-tannin (gallic acid, gallic acid derivative, ellagic acid, ellagic acid derivative). It facilitates dye's bonding with the fabric and increases the depth of color. It also gives the fabric antimicrobial and antifungal properties in dyeing.
- - Sodium carbonate or potassium carbonate increases the pH of the extract, which becomes acidic after the extraction process, and thus enables the formation of dyestuff complexes.
- Bentonite natural white clay provides surface smoothness in dyeing by suspending the substances that are in the form of suspension and remain insoluble during dyeing.
- Vegetable tannin plays a role in the cationization of the fabric and ensures that the colorants adhere to the fabric.
- the obtained dyestuff in the form of powder contains [luteolin-aluminum-tannin (gallic acid, gallic acid derivative, ellagic acid, ellagic acid derivative); apigenin-aluminum-tannin (gallic acid, gallic acid derivative, ellagic acid, ellagic acid derivative); luteolin derivatives-aluminum-tannin (gallic acid, gallic acid derivative, ellagic acid, ellagic acid derivative); apigenin derivatives-aluminum- tannin (gallic acid, gallic acid derivative, ellagic acid, ellagic acid derivative)], KAI(SO4)2.12H2O, citric acid, white bentonite natural clay, yellow natural clay, and vegetable tannin.
- the fixative ensures that the dyed fabric reaches desired fastness values.
- the production method of the present invention is as follows: a) Weld (Reseda luteola L.) is ground in the 30-70 micron range. In 20 liters of water, 2 kilograms of ground dyer's rocket and 500 grams of cupules of the acorns of the Valonia oak ground in the 30-70 micron range are mixed with 8% alum [KAI(SO4)2.12H2O] or 3% Al2(SO4)s (percentages to be determined based on the total weight of weld and cupules of the acorns of the Valonia oak) at room temperature for 24 hours. Then, the temperature is increased to 85-90 °C and kept at 85-90 °C for 90 minutes.
- Al-luteolin-tannin (gallic acid, gallic acid derivative, ellagic acid, ellagic acid derivative), Al-luteolin derivative- tannin (gallic acid, gallic acid derivative, ellagic acid, ellagic acid derivative), Al-apigenin-tannin tannin (gallic acid, gallic acid derivative, ellagic acid, ellagic acid derivative) and Al-apigenin derivative- tannin (gallic acid, gallic acid derivative, ellagic acid, ellagic acid derivative) complex, in solid form, is transferred to centrifuge, it is centrifuged at 2000-4000 rpm and separated into two as solid and liquid phases. The solid phase is taken and rinsed thrice with water.
- the dried solid dyestuff [Al-luteolin-tannin (gallic acid, gallic acid derivative, ellagic acid, ellagic acid derivative), Al-luteolin derivativetannin (gallic acid, gallic acid derivative, ellagic acid, ellagic acid derivative), Al-apigenin-tannin tannin (gallic acid, gallic acid derivative, ellagic acid, ellagic acid derivative) and Al-apigenin derivative- tannin (gallic acid, gallic acid derivative, ellagic acid, ellagic acid derivative)] is ground in the 3 - 30 micron range and turned into powder.
- Citric acid is added as much as the amount of dyestuff in powder form, and they are mixed thoroughly to achieve a homogeneous distribution.
- Natural alum [KAI(SO4)2.12H2O] as much as the total amount of dyestuff and citric acid or Al2(SO4)3 at an amount equivalent to the amount of element aluminum contained in the added alum is added to the mix and distributed homogeneously.
- 400 grams of alum [KAI(SO4)2.12H2O] contain 22.8 grams of aluminum.
- the dyeing recipe is given below:
- Dyestuff in powder form (RK-Natural Yellow-RI) is added to the dosing unit, water twice the amount of the dye is added, it is dissolved by mixing at 85-90 °C and then diluted with water and dosed.
- the temperature is raised to 60 °C and dyeing is continued for 30 minutes.
- the temperature is raised to 90 °C and dyeing is continued for 60 minutes.
- the temperature is reduced to 45-50 °C, and at this temperature, the fixative is added and fixation is performed for 30 minutes. It is rinsed twice at 60 °C.
- the dyestuff (RK-Natural Yellow-RIC) is dissolved with water in the dosing unit.
- the obtained dyestuff solution is dosed to the dyeing machine. Dissolving dyestuff binds to the fabric. Upon completion of dyeing, guar gum is added.
- the dyeing fastness of the dyestuff (RK-Natural Yellow-RIC) in cotton fabric is given below.
- the color values of the dyestuff (RK-Natural Yellow-RIC) in the cotton fabric are given below.
Abstract
The invention relates to, generally, a dyestuff to be used in the field of textile, and more specifically, a natural and organic yellow-colored vegetable textile dyestuff composition and related dyeing method, which has antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antiinflammatory, and antiallergic properties, does not contain toxic and heavy metal oxides, is environmentally friendly, and saves water and energy in dyeing.
Description
YELLOW-COLORED VEGETABLE TEXTILE DYE COMPOSITION AND RELATED DYEING METHOD
TECHNICAL FIELD
The invention relates to, generally, a dyestuff to be used in the field of textile, and more specifically, a natural and organic yellow-colored vegetable textile dyestuff composition and related dyeing method, which has antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antiinflammatory, and antiallergic properties, does not contain toxic and heavy metal oxides, is environmentally friendly, and saves water and energy in dyeing.
BACKGROUND ART
Many textile dyestuffs currently in use contain toxic and heavy metal ions. Such dyestuffs are commonly employed in the textile sector.
Weld (Reseda luteola L.) has been used to dye protein fibers (wool, silk, mohair, etc.) in traditional dyeing. However, it has not been widely used to dye cellulose- based fibers (cotton, linen, regenerated cellulose, etc.).
Some of the problems and deficiencies in the prior art have been described hereinbelow.
Industrial-scale dyestuff currently used in the textile sector are synthetic.
-Most of them are toxic and carcinogenic and cause environmental pollution.
-Today, yellow-colored and plant-based organic dyestuff containing natural and organic plant-based luteolin, apigenin, luteolin derivatives, and apigenin derivatives is not used sustainably and on an industrial scale.
-The natural dyestuff in use lack reproducibility.
-The amount of water consumed during synthetic dyeing is at least twice as much as the amount used with the natural yellow plant-based dyestuff of the invention.
-The amount of energy consumed during synthetic dyeing is at least twice as much as the amount used with the natural yellow plant-based dyestuff of the invention.
-The dyeing times of synthetic dyes are at least twice as much as the time required when using the natural yellow plant-based dyestuff of the invention.
-The colorants are not plant-based.
-Metal oxides, metal salts, or chemical synthetic dyestuff obtained from petroleum and petroleum derivatives are used as a dyestuff.
-These dyestuffs do not possess antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antiinflammatory, and antiallergic properties.
In conclusion, the abovementioned shortcomings and the inadequacy of the current practice entail an improvement in the respective technical field. Thus, there is a need for an invention to overcome the described problems.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Developed for eliminating the aforementioned disadvantages and providing new advantages to the respective technical field, the present invention relates to, generally, a dyestuff to be used in the field of textile, and more specifically, a natural and organic yellow-colored vegetable textile dyestuff composition and related dyeing method, which has antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antiinflammatory, and antiallergic properties, does not contain toxic and heavy metal oxides, is environmentally friendly, and saves water and energy in dyeing.
The dyestuff of the invention, which is obtained from weld (Reseda luteola L.), provides a significant advantage since it consumes less water and less energy and
is more environmentally friendly when compared to synthetic dyestuff. The obtained dyestuff allows the industrial-scale use of both protein- and, especially, cellulose- based textiles.
We aimed to dye textile products for babies and children in particular with a safer dyestuff for health by using yellow and shades of yellow. In regard to this purpose, the most important dye among the plant-based textile dyestuff is yellow obtained from weld. It is one of the natural dyestuffs with growing significance in recent years. The parts of weld (Reseda luteola) that remain above the ground (stem, lateral shoots, leaves, and flowers), cupules of the acorns of the Valonia oak (Quercus ithaburensis), and soapwort (Saponaria officinalis L.) are ground and are extracted with water, and the extract (containing dyestuff and active substances) is turned into a dyestuff in the form of solid powder. Blended with natural white and natural yellow clay, it enables the use of natural and organic plant-based dyestuff in the textile dyeing sector.
The objective of the present invention is to provide a natural and organic plantbased textile dyestuff composition for a new yellow color and its shades, wherein it has antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antiinflammatory, and antiallergic properties, does not contain toxic and heavy metal oxides, consumes less water, spends less energy, provides shorter dyeing time, ensures less use of labor, and enables more environmentally-friendly dyeing.
Another feature of the present invention is that it provides a composition that is developed in consideration of the absence of any harm resulting from its contact with the human body by way of sweating, saliva, or skin, and a dyestuff and a dyeing method that have antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antiinflammatory, and antiallergic properties, are neither toxic nor carcinogenic, are environmentally friendly, provide a natural, organic and plant-based yellow color and its shades, and consume less water and energy.
The resulting product (dyestuff) is coded as RK-Natural Yellow-RIC.
The other advantages of the invention are listed below:
• It is environmentally friendly and not toxic or carcinogenic.
• It does not contain heavy metals, heavy metal salts or oxides.
• It does not contain synthetic dyestuff.
• It does not contain chemical solvents and synthetic binders.
• It possesses antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antiinflammatory, and antiallergic properties.
• It is a plant-based, natural and organic dyestuff and dyeing method that provides colors in the range of light yellow-yellow-bright yellow.
• The supply of raw materials in production is easy.
• Light fastness, washing fastness, and rubbing fastness are good.
• It saves water and energy.
• It reduces dyeing time.
• It saves labor.
• The waste water amount is quite low.
• The waste water can be reused for dyeing with the same color without any pretreatment or treatment.
• It is a dyestuff and a dyeing method that comply with ZDHC (Zero Discharge of Hazardous Chemicals) dyeing standards.
• It provides surface smoothness in dyeing, and also dyeing steps are easy to apply.
• The produced dyestuff can be used in all types of textile dyeing machines.
• The produced dyestuff is reproducible.
• It combines at least four separate stages (biomordanting (tanning), mordanting, dyeing, and fixation) in the dyeing of protein-cased and particularly cellulose-based fabrics or products with natural dyes into a single stage.
• Being easy to use in dyeing, the produced dyestuff does not contain any additional substances.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The preferred embodiments of the natural and organic yellow-colored textile dyestuff composition and dyeing method according to the present disclosure, which are mentioned in this detailed description, are only intended for providing a better understanding of the subject-matter, and should not be construed in any restrictive sense.
The dyestuff (RK-Natural-Yellow-Rt) in the form of powder of the present invention contains [luteolin-aluminum-tannin (gallic acid, gallic acid derivative, ellagic acid, ellagic acid derivative); apigenin-aluminum-tannin (gallic acid, gallic acid derivative, ellagic acid, ellagic acid derivative); luteolin derivatives-aluminum-tannin (gallic acid, gallic acid derivative, ellagic acid, ellagic acid derivative); apigenin derivatives- aluminum-tannin (gallic acid, gallic acid derivative, ellagic acid, ellagic acid derivative)], citric acid, alum [KAI(SO4).12H2O], white bentonite natural clay, yellow natural clay, vegetable tannin extract, and saponin, wherein it is homogeneously suspended in water and/or dissolved, behaving like a single compound over the course of dyeing.
The ratios, by weight, of the contents of the yellow-colored dyestuff of the present invention are given below:
The stem, lateral shoots, leaves, and flowers of weld (Reseda luteola L.), which grows in the wild or can also be cultivated, contain primary dyestuff luteolin, luteolin derivatives, apigenin, and apigenin derivatives in the structure of flavonoid. Natural dyestuffs obtained from the stem, lateral shoots, leaves, and flowers of this plant enable the formation of shades of light yellow, yellow, and bright yellow.
- Soapwort (Saponaria officinalis) is an annual plant that grows in the wild and can also be cultivated, containing saponin (C58O27H94). By dissolving wax and oils from dyer's rocket and the Valonia oak, it increases the efficiency of extraction, reduces the surface tension of the solution, helps the formation of complexes, and provides smoothness on fabric surface in dyeing.
- Aluminum ions in natural alum whose chemical formula is KAI(SO4)2.12H2O or aluminum ions in aluminum sulfate Al2(SO4)s form complexes with luteolin, luteolin derivatives, apigenin, and apigenin derivatives contained in weld, increasing the dissolution of dyestuff in the plant and the formation of complexes aluminum- luteolin, aluminum-luteolin derivatives, aluminum-apigenin, and aluminum-apigenin derivatives, and also improving the depth of color. During the dyeing process, it creates a covalent bond with the fabric and thus enables dyeing.
- Cupule of the acorns of the Valonia oak contains gallic acid, ellagic acid, and its derivatives (tannin). They form the following ternary complexes: luteolin-aluminum- tannin (gallic acid, gallic acid derivative, ellagic acid, ellagic acid derivative), apigenin-aluminum-tannin (gallic acid, gallic acid derivative, ellagic acid, ellagic acid derivative), luteolin derivatives-aluminum-tannin (gallic acid, gallic acid derivative, ellagic acid, ellagic acid derivative), and apigenin derivatives-aluminum-tannin (gallic acid, gallic acid derivative, ellagic acid, ellagic acid derivative). It facilitates dye's bonding with the fabric and increases the depth of color. It also gives the fabric antimicrobial and antifungal properties in dyeing.
- Sodium carbonate or potassium carbonate increases the pH of the extract, which becomes acidic after the extraction process, and thus enables the formation of dyestuff complexes.
- Bentonite natural white clay provides surface smoothness in dyeing by suspending the substances that are in the form of suspension and remain insoluble during dyeing.
- Natural yellow clay increases the depth of color and improves fastness values in dyeing.
- Vegetable tannin plays a role in the cationization of the fabric and ensures that the colorants adhere to the fabric.
-The obtained dyestuff in the form of powder (RK-Natural Yellow-RIC) contains [luteolin-aluminum-tannin (gallic acid, gallic acid derivative, ellagic acid, ellagic acid derivative); apigenin-aluminum-tannin (gallic acid, gallic acid derivative, ellagic acid, ellagic acid derivative); luteolin derivatives-aluminum-tannin (gallic acid, gallic acid derivative, ellagic acid, ellagic acid derivative); apigenin derivatives-aluminum- tannin (gallic acid, gallic acid derivative, ellagic acid, ellagic acid derivative)], KAI(SO4)2.12H2O, citric acid, white bentonite natural clay, yellow natural clay, and vegetable tannin.
The amounts of the obtained plant-based dyestuff compounds in the solid powder form (RK-Natural Yellow-RI) are given below in percentages (%).
- The amounts of the elements in the obtained product in the solid powder form (RK- Natural Yellow-RtC) are given below in percentages (%).
- The amounts of the plant-based dyestuff compounds in dyed fabrics (RK-Natural Yellow-RIC) are given below in percentages (%).
- The amounts of the elements that are received directly from the dyestuff by the fabrics dyed with “RK-Natural Yellow Rl” are given below in percentages (%) and by excluding the elements already present in the fabric's structure.
- Improving fastness properties of the dyed fabric, the fixative ensures that the dyed fabric reaches desired fastness values.
- It is dissolved with water in a dosing unit and then dosed.
The production method of the present invention is as follows: a) Weld (Reseda luteola L.) is ground in the 30-70 micron range. In 20 liters of water, 2 kilograms of ground dyer's rocket and 500 grams of cupules of the acorns of the Valonia oak ground in the 30-70 micron range are mixed with 8% alum [KAI(SO4)2.12H2O] or 3% Al2(SO4)s (percentages to be determined based on the total weight of weld and cupules of the acorns of the Valonia oak) at room temperature for 24 hours. Then, the temperature is increased to 85-90 °C and kept at 85-90 °C for 90 minutes. (Mixing is continued over the course of the extraction process.) b) The extraction is left to cool and filtered at room temperature, and the existing plant pulp is removed from the extraction. c) Na2COs or K2CO3 is added to the filtrate until the pH of the medium reaches 5.0-6.5; it is mixed and left at room temperature for 24 hours. d) After the precipitated and suspended Al-luteolin-tannin (gallic acid, gallic acid derivative, ellagic acid, ellagic acid derivative), Al-luteolin derivative-
tannin (gallic acid, gallic acid derivative, ellagic acid, ellagic acid derivative), Al-apigenin-tannin tannin (gallic acid, gallic acid derivative, ellagic acid, ellagic acid derivative) and Al-apigenin derivative- tannin (gallic acid, gallic acid derivative, ellagic acid, ellagic acid derivative) complex, in solid form, is transferred to centrifuge, it is centrifuged at 2000-4000 rpm and separated into two as solid and liquid phases. The solid phase is taken and rinsed thrice with water. e) The precipitated [Al-luteolin-tannin (gallic acid, gallic acid derivative, ellagic acid, ellagic acid derivative), Al-luteolin derivative-tannin (gallic acid, gallic acid derivative, ellagic acid, ellagic acid derivative), Al- apigenin-tannin tannin (gallic acid, gallic acid derivative, ellagic acid, ellagic acid derivative) and Al-apigenin derivative- tannin (gallic acid, gallic acid derivative, ellagic acid, ellagic acid derivative) complex], in solid phase, is dried at 45-55 °C. f) The dried solid dyestuff [Al-luteolin-tannin (gallic acid, gallic acid derivative, ellagic acid, ellagic acid derivative), Al-luteolin derivativetannin (gallic acid, gallic acid derivative, ellagic acid, ellagic acid derivative), Al-apigenin-tannin tannin (gallic acid, gallic acid derivative, ellagic acid, ellagic acid derivative) and Al-apigenin derivative- tannin (gallic acid, gallic acid derivative, ellagic acid, ellagic acid derivative)] is ground in the 3 - 30 micron range and turned into powder. g) Citric acid is added as much as the amount of dyestuff in powder form, and they are mixed thoroughly to achieve a homogeneous distribution. h) Natural alum [KAI(SO4)2.12H2O] as much as the total amount of dyestuff and citric acid or Al2(SO4)3 at an amount equivalent to the amount of element aluminum contained in the added alum is added to the mix and distributed homogeneously. (For example, 400 grams of alum [KAI(SO4)2.12H2O] contain 22.8 grams of aluminum. Instead of 400 grams of alum, 144.4 grams of Al2(SO4)3 can be used since it contains the same amount of aluminum.) i) 3% natural white clay and 4% natural yellow clay of the total weight of the obtained product are added and mixed to make it homogeneous.
j) The obtained product (RK-Natural Yellow- RIC) is ground in the 3-20 micron range and then mixed to make it homogeneous.
Dyeing process: (to dye 15 kilograms of fabric)
90-100 grams of powder dyestuff is dissolved with water in the dosing unit and dosed slowly to a 225-liter dyeing machine.
The dyeing recipe is given below:
Dyeing Stages:
1. Dyestuff in powder form (RK-Natural Yellow-RI) is added to the dosing unit, water twice the amount of the dye is added, it is dissolved by mixing at 85-90 °C and then diluted with water and dosed.
2. It is dyed at 25-30 °C for 30 minutes.
3. The temperature is raised to 40 °C and dyeing is continued for 30 minutes. pH is set to 6.0-6.5 after 30 minutes.
4. The temperature is raised to 60 °C and dyeing is continued for 30 minutes.
5. The temperature is raised to 90 °C and dyeing is continued for 60 minutes.
6. The temperature is reduced to 45-50 °C, and at this temperature, the fixative is added and fixation is performed for 30 minutes. It is rinsed twice at 60 °C.
Dyeing
The dyestuff (RK-Natural Yellow-RIC) is dissolved with water in the dosing unit. The obtained dyestuff solution is dosed to the dyeing machine. Dissolving dyestuff binds to the fabric. Upon completion of dyeing, guar gum is added.
Below are the fastness and color values of the fabric dyed in colors light yellow- yellow-bright yellow as a result of the process.
The dyeing fastness of the dyestuff (RK-Natural Yellow-RIC) in cotton fabric is given below.
The color values of the dyestuff (RK-Natural Yellow-RIC) in the cotton fabric are given below.
Claims
CLAIMS - Generally, a dyestuff to be used in the field of textile, and more specifically, a natural and organic yellow-colored vegetable textile dyeing method, which has antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antiinflammatory, and antiallergic properties, does not contain toxic and heavy metal oxides, is environmentally friendly, and saves water and energy in dyeing, and its feature is that it consists of the following process steps:
- Grinding of weld (Reseda luteola L.) in the 30-70 micron range;
- Mixing of 2 kilograms of ground dyer's rocket and 500 grams of cupules of the acorns of the Valonia oak ground in the 30-70 micron range with 8% alum [KAI(SO4)2.12H2O] or 3% Al2(SO4)s (percentages to be determined based on the total weight of weld and cupules of the acorns of the Valonia oak) in 20 liters of water at room temperature for 24 hours;
- Increasing of the temperature to 85-90 °C, keeping of the temperature at 85-90 °C for 90 minutes, and continuing of the mixing during the extraction;
- Leaving of the extraction to cool, filtering of it at room temperature, and removing of the existing plant pulp from the extraction;
- Adding of Na2COs or K2CO3 to the filtrate by way of mixing until the pH of the medium reaches 5.0-6.5, and leaving of it at room temperature for 24 hours;
- Centrifuging of the precipitated and suspended Al-luteolin-tannin (gallic acid, gallic acid derivative, ellagic acid, ellagic acid derivative), Al-luteolin derivative-tannin (gallic acid, gallic acid derivative, ellagic acid, ellagic acid derivative), Al-apigenin-tannin tannin (gallic acid, gallic acid derivative, ellagic acid, ellagic acid derivative) and Al-apigenin derivative- tannin (gallic acid, gallic acid derivative, ellagic acid, ellagic acid derivative) complex, in solid form, at 2000-4000 rpm after its transfer to the centrifuge, thus separating of it into two as solid and liquid phases, and then taking of the solid phase to be rinsed thrice with water;
- Drying of the precipitated [Al-luteolin-tannin (gallic acid, gallic acid derivative, ellagic acid, ellagic acid derivative), Al-luteolin derivative-
tannin (gallic acid, gallic acid derivative, ellagic acid, ellagic acid derivative), Al-apigenin-tannin tannin (gallic acid, gallic acid derivative, ellagic acid, ellagic acid derivative) and Al-apigenin derivative- tannin (gallic acid, gallic acid derivative, ellagic acid, ellagic acid derivative) complex], in solid phase, at 45-55 °C;
- Grinding of the dried solid dyestuff [Al-luteolin-tannin (gallic acid, gallic acid derivative, ellagic acid, ellagic acid derivative), Al-luteolin derivativetannin (gallic acid, gallic acid derivative, ellagic acid, ellagic acid derivative), Al-apigenin-tannin tannin (gallic acid, gallic acid derivative, ellagic acid, ellagic acid derivative) and Al-apigenin derivative- tannin (gallic acid, gallic acid derivative, ellagic acid, ellagic acid derivative)] in the 3 - 30 micron range to turn it into powder form;
- Adding of citric acid as much as the amount of dyestuff in powder form, and mixing of it thoroughly to achieve a homogeneous distribution;
- Adding, to the mix, of ground alum [KAI(SO4)2.12H2O] as much as the total amount of dyestuff and citric acid or Al2(SO4)3 at an amount equivalent to the amount of element aluminum contained in the added alum, and mixing of the blend to achieve homogeneous distribution; and
- Adding of 3% natural white clay, 4% natural yellow clay, and 1 % vegetable tannin of the total weight of the obtained product, grinding of the contents in the 3-20 micron range, and mixing of these substances. - A method according to claim 1 , and its feature is that it consists of the following process steps for dyeing:
- Adding of dyestuff in powder form to the dosing unit, adding of water twice the amount of the dye therein, dissolving of it by mixing at 85-90 °C, and then dosing of it upon dilution with water;
- Dyeing of it at 25-30 °C for 30 minutes;
- Raising of temperature to 40 °C, and continuing of dyeing for 30 minutes until pH 6.0-6.5 is achieved;
- Raising of temperature to 60 °C, and continuing of dyeing for 30 minutes;
- Raising of temperature to 90 °C, and continuing of dyeing for 60 minutes;
14
- Reducing of temperature to 45-50 °C, adding of fixative at this temperature, and performing of fixation for 30 minutes; and
- Performing of rinsing twice at 60 °C. - A yellow-colored natural vegetable textile dyestuff obtained as a result of the dyeing method of the invention, and its feature is that it is characterized in that it consists of, by weight, 57-68% weld, 1-4% soapwort, 12-20% cupule of the acorns of the Valonia oak, 8-16% natural alum KAI(SO4)2.12H2O or Al2(SO4)3, 2-6% citric acid, 1 -3% Na2COs or K2CO3, 1 -4% bentonite natural white clay, 2- 5% yellow natural clay, and 0.5-2% vegetable tannin.
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| CN115595004A (en) * | 2022-10-17 | 2023-01-13 | 昆明理工大学（Cn） | Preparation method and application of plant pigment for inner painting |
| WO2024035359A1 (en) * | 2022-08-09 | 2024-02-15 | Anatoli̇an Colors Ki̇mya Gida Kozmeti̇k Teksti̇l Diş Ti̇caret Sanayi̇ Li̇mi̇ted Şi̇rketi̇ | Yellow colored natural organic lake pigment from immortelle (helichrysum italicum) and its composition |
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| GB191003093A (en) * | 1910-02-08 | 1911-02-08 | Xavier Debedat | Improved Colouring Substances and Process for the Manufacture of the same. |
| US6191293B1 (en) * | 1998-04-20 | 2001-02-20 | Inexa, Industria Extractora C.A. | Trans-xanthophyll ester concentrates of enhanced purity and methods of making same |
| DE10308162A1 (en) * | 2003-02-26 | 2004-09-09 | Universitätsklinikum Freiburg | Process for the preparation of flavonoid-containing compositions and their use |
| US7671242B2 (en) * | 2005-12-21 | 2010-03-02 | Board Of Supervisors Of Louisiana State University And Agricultural And Mechanical College | Isolation of aflatoxin-free lutein from aflatoxin-contaminated plants and plant products |
| US20090226589A1 (en) * | 2008-03-05 | 2009-09-10 | Eber Lopes Ferreira | Manufacturing process of colorant vegetable extracts modified tannin extract |
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| WO2024035359A1 (en) * | 2022-08-09 | 2024-02-15 | Anatoli̇an Colors Ki̇mya Gida Kozmeti̇k Teksti̇l Diş Ti̇caret Sanayi̇ Li̇mi̇ted Şi̇rketi̇ | Yellow colored natural organic lake pigment from immortelle (helichrysum italicum) and its composition |
| CN115595004A (en) * | 2022-10-17 | 2023-01-13 | 昆明理工大学（Cn） | Preparation method and application of plant pigment for inner painting |
| CN115595004B (en) * | 2022-10-17 | 2024-04-05 | 昆明理工大学 | Preparation method and application of plant pigment for interior painting |
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