WO2022119550A2 - Red-colored natural textile dye composition and related dyeing method - Google Patents
Red-colored natural textile dye composition and related dyeing method Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022119550A2 WO2022119550A2 PCT/TR2021/051542 TR2021051542W WO2022119550A2 WO 2022119550 A2 WO2022119550 A2 WO 2022119550A2 TR 2021051542 W TR2021051542 W TR 2021051542W WO 2022119550 A2 WO2022119550 A2 WO 2022119550A2
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- acid derivative
- gallic acid
- ellagic acid
- tannin
- ellagic
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09B—ORGANIC DYES OR CLOSELY-RELATED COMPOUNDS FOR PRODUCING DYES, e.g. PIGMENTS; MORDANTS; LAKES
- C09B61/00—Dyes of natural origin prepared from natural sources, e.g. vegetable sources
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09B—ORGANIC DYES OR CLOSELY-RELATED COMPOUNDS FOR PRODUCING DYES, e.g. PIGMENTS; MORDANTS; LAKES
- C09B67/00—Influencing the physical, e.g. the dyeing or printing properties of dyestuffs without chemical reactions, e.g. by treating with solvents grinding or grinding assistants, coating of pigments or dyes; Process features in the making of dyestuff preparations; Dyestuff preparations of a special physical nature, e.g. tablets, films
- C09B67/0071—Process features in the making of dyestuff preparations; Dehydrating agents; Dispersing agents; Dustfree compositions
- C09B67/0083—Solutions of dyes
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Abstract
The invention relates to, generally, a dyestuff to be used in the field of textile, and more specifically, a natural and organic red-colored vegetable textile dyestuff composition and related dyeing method, which has antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antiinflammatory, and antiallergic properties, does not contain toxic and heavy metal ions and oxides, is environmentally friendly, and saves water and energy in dyeing.
Description
RED-COLORED NATURAL TEXTILE DYE COMPOSITION AND RELATED DYEING METHOD
TECHNICAL FIELD
The invention relates to, generally, a dyestuff to be used in the field of textile, and more specifically, a natural and organic red-colored vegetable textile dyestuff composition and related dyeing method, which has antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antiinflammatory, and antiallergic properties, does not contain toxic and heavy metal ions and oxides, is environmentally friendly, and saves water and energy in dyeing.
BACKGROUND ART
Many textile dyestuffs currently in use contain toxic and heavy metal ions. Such dyestuffs are commonly employed in the textile sector.
Industrial-scale dyestuff currently used in the textile sector are synthetic. Most of them are toxic and carcinogenic and cause environmental pollution.
Other problems in the prior art are as follows:
-Currently, red-colored and plant-based organic dyestuffs containing natural plant- derived alizarin, purpurin, munjistin, and rubiadin are not used sustainably and on an industrial scale.
-The natural dyestuff in use lack reproducibility.
-The amount of water consumed during synthetic dyeing is at least twice as much as the amount used with the natural red-colored plant-based dyestuff of the invention.
-The amount of energy consumed during synthetic dyeing is at least twice as much as the amount used with the natural red-colored plant-based dyestuff of the invention.
-The dyeing times of synthetic dyes are at least twice as much as the time required when using the natural red-colored plant-based dyestuff of the invention.
-The colorants are not plant-based.
-Metal oxides, metal salts or chemical synthetic dyestuff obtained from petroleum and petroleum derivatives are used as a dyestuff.
-These dyestuffs do not possess antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antiinflammatory, and antiallergic properties.
In conclusion, the abovementioned shortcomings and the inadequacy of the current practice entail an improvement in the respective technical field. Thus, there is a need for an invention to overcome the described problems.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Developed for eliminating the aforementioned disadvantages and providing new advantages to the respective technical field, the present invention relates to, generally, a dyestuff to be used in the field of textile, and more specifically, a natural and organic red-colored vegetable textile dyestuff composition and related dyeing method, which has antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antiinflammatory, and antiallergic properties, does not contain toxic and heavy metal ions and oxides, is environmentally friendly, and saves water and energy in dyeing.
The objective of the present invention is to provide a new red-colored natural and organic plant-based textile dyestuff composition, wherein it is water-soluble, has antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antiinflammatory, and antiallergic properties, does not contain toxic substances and heavy metal ions and oxides, consumes less water, spends less energy, provides shorter dyeing time, ensures less use of labor,
allows obtaining maximum efficiency from dyestuff contained in the relevant plants, allows repeated use of waste water for dyeing processes with the same color without needing any waste water treatment, and enables more environmentally- friendly dyeing.
Another feature of the present invention is that it provides a composition that is developed in consideration of the absence of any toxic or allergic impact resulting from its contact with the human body by way of sweating, saliva, or skin, and a dyestuff and a dyeing method that have antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antiinflammatory, and antiallergic properties, are neither toxic nor carcinogenic, are environmentally friendly, provide a natural, organic and plant-based red color and its shades, and consume less water and energy.
The invention provides a natural and organic red-colored vegetable textile dyestuff composition and related dyeing method, which has antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antiinflammatory, and antiallergic properties, does not contain toxic and heavy metal ions and oxides, is environmentally friendly, and saves water and energy in dyeing.
The dyestuff, which is obtained from madder roots (Rubia tinctorum L.), provides a significant advantage since it consumes less water and less energy and is more environmentally friendly when compared to synthetic dyestuff.
Madder (Rubia tinctorum L.) has been used to dye protein fibers (wool, silk, mohair, etc.) in traditional dyeing. However, it has not been widely used to dye cellulose- based fibers (cotton, linen, regenerated cellulose, etc.). The obtained dyestuff allows the industrial-scale use of both protein- and, especially, cellulose-based textiles.
We aimed to dye textile products for babies and children in particular with a safer dyestuff for health. In regard to this purpose, the most important dye among the plant-based textile dyestuff is red obtained from rose madder. It is one of the natural dyestuffs with growing significance in recent years. Madder (Rubia tinctorum L.),
Gall oak (Quercus infectoria OLIVIER), and soapwort (Saponaria officinalis L.) are turned into powder form and are extracted with water, and the extract (containing dyestuff and active substances) is turned into a dyestuff in solid powder form, and then it is blended with natural clay and red clay to enable the use of natural and organic plant-based dyestuff in the textile dyeing sector.
The resulting product (dyestuff) is coded as RK-Natural Red-RtC.
The other advantages of the invention are listed below:
• It is environmentally friendly and not toxic or carcinogenic.
• It does not contain heavy metals, heavy metal salts and oxides.
• It does not contain synthetic dyestuff.
• It does not contain chemical solvents and synthetic binders.
• It possesses antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antiinflammatory, and antiallergic properties.
• It is a plant-based, natural and organic dyestuff and dyeing method that provides colors in the range of red-pink.
• The supply of raw materials in production is easy.
• Light fastness, washing fastness, and rubbing fastness are good.
• It saves water and energy.
• It reduces dyeing time.
• It saves labor.
• Waste water amount is quite low.
• The waste water can be reused for dyeing with the same color without any pretreatment or treatment.
• It is a dyestuff and a dyeing method that comply with ZDHC (Zero Discharge of Hazardous Chemicals) dyeing standards.
• It provides surface smoothness in dyeing, and also dyeing steps are easy to apply.
• The produced dyestuff can be used in all types of textile dyeing machines.
• The produced dyestuff is reproducible.
• It combines at least four separate stages (biomordanting (tanning), mordanting, dyeing, and fixation) in the dyeing of protein-cased and
particularly cellulose-based fabrics or products with natural dyes into a single stage.
• Being easy to use in dyeing, the produced dyestuff does not contain any additional substances.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The preferred embodiments of the natural red-colored textile dye composition and related dyeing method according to the present disclosure, which are mentioned in this detailed description, are only intended for providing a better understanding of the subject-matter, and should not be construed in any restrictive sense.
The dyestuff (RK-Natural Red-RtC) in the form of powder of the present invention contains [Ca-alizarin-AI; Al-alizarin-tannin (gallic acid, gallic acid derivative, ellagic acid, ellagic acid derivative); Al-purpurin-tannin (gallic acid, gallic acid derivative, ellagic acid, ellagic acid derivative); Al-munjistin-tannin (gallic acid, gallic acid derivative, ellagic acid, ellagic acid derivative); Al-rubiadin-tannin (gallic acid, gallic acid derivative, ellagic acid, ellagic acid derivative)], citric acid, alum [KAI(SO4).12H2O], white bentonite natural clay, red natural clay, vegetable tannin extract, and saponin, wherein it is homogeneously suspended in water and/or dissolved, behaving like a single compound over the course of dyeing.
The ratios, by weight, of the contents of the red-colored dyestuff of the present invention are given below:
-The roots of madder (Rubia tinctoria L.), which grows in the wild or can also be cultivated, contain dyestuff alizarin, purpurin, munjistin, and rubiadin in the structure of natural anthraquinones. Natural dyestuffs obtained from the roots of this plant enable the formation of shades of red-pink.
- Soapwort (Saponaria officinalis L.) is an annual plant that grows in the wild and can also be cultivated, containing saponin (C58O27H94). By dissolving wax and oils from rose madder and gall oak, it increases the efficiency of extraction, reduces the surface tension of the solution, helps the formation of complexes, and provides smoothness on fabric surface in dyeing.
- Aluminum ions in natural alum whose chemical formula is KAI(SO4)2.12H2O or aluminum ions in aluminum sulfate Al2(SO4)3 form complexes with alizarin, purpurin, munjistin, and rubiadin contained in madder and gallic acid, gallic acid derivative, ellagic acid, and ellagic acid derivatives contained in gall oak, and thereby increases the dissolution of dyestuff in madder and the formation of binary complexes Al-alizarin, Al-purpurin, Al-munjistin and Al-rubiadin, and Al-gallic acid, Al-gallic acid derivatives, Al-ellagic acid, and Al-ellagic acid derivatives contained in the gall oak, and also improves the depth of color. It ensures that the dyestuffs remain suspended in the solution. Also, during the dyeing process, it creates a covalent bond with the fabric and thus enables dyeing.
- In addition to other dyestuff complexes, Calcium nitrate [Ca(NOs)2] provides color fastness and depth of color by forming Ca-alizarin-AI complexes together with calcium ions, alizarin dyestuff contained in madder, and aluminum ions.
- Gall oak contains gallic acid, ellagic acid, and its derivatives (tannin). It forms the ternary complexes Al-alizarin-tannin (gallic acid, gallic acid derivative, ellagic acid, ellagic acid derivative), Al-purpurin-tannin (gallic acid, gallic acid derivative, ellagic acid, ellagic acid derivative), Al-munjistin-tannin (gallic acid, gallic acid derivative, ellagic acid, ellagic acid derivative), and Al-rubiadin-tannin (gallic acid, gallic acid
derivative, ellagic acid, ellagic acid derivative). It facilitates dye's bonding with the fabric and increases the depth of color. It also gives the fabric antimicrobial and antifungal properties in dyeing.
- Sodium carbonate or potassium carbonate increases the pH of the extract, which becomes acidic after the extraction process, and thus enables the formation of dyestuff complexes.
- Citric acid ensures that the dyestuffs in solid powder form [Al-alizarin-tannin (gallic acid, gallic acid derivative, ellagic acid, ellagic acid derivative), Al-purpurin-tannin (gallic acid, gallic acid derivative, ellagic acid, ellagic acid derivative), Al-munjistin- tannin (gallic acid, gallic acid derivative, ellagic acid, ellagic acid derivative), and Al- rubiadin-tannin (gallic acid, gallic acid derivative, ellagic acid, ellagic acid derivative)] dissolve in water.
-Bentonite natural white clay provides surface smoothness in dyeing by suspending the substances that are in the form of suspension and remain insoluble during dyeing.
- Natural red clay increases the depth of color and improves fastness values in dyeing.
- Vegetable tannin plays a role in the cationization of the fabric and ensures that the colorants adhere to the fabric.
- The obtained dyestuff in the form of powder (RK-Natural Red-RtC) contains [Al- alizarin-tannin (gallic acid, gallic acid derivative, ellagic acid, ellagic acid derivative); Al-purpurin-tannin (gallic acid, gallic acid derivative, ellagic acid, ellagic acid derivative); Al-munjistin-tannin (gallic acid, gallic acid derivative, ellagic acid, ellagic acid derivative); Al-rubiadin-tannin (gallic acid, gallic acid derivative, ellagic acid, ellagic acid derivative)], KAI(SO4)2.12H2O, citric acid, white bentonite natural clay, red natural clay, and vegetable tannin.
- The amounts of the obtained plant-based dyestuff compounds in the solid powder form (RK-Natural Red-RtC) are given below in percentages (%):
The amounts of the elements in the obtained product in the solid powder form (RK- Natural Red-RtC); are given below in percentages (%):
-The amounts of the plant-based dyestuff compounds in dyed fabrics (RK-Natural Red-RtC); are given below in percentages (%):
- The amounts of the elements that are received directly from the dyestuff by the fabrics dyed with “RK- Natural Red- RtC” are given below in percentages (%) and by excluding the elements already present in the fabric's structure:
- Improving fastness properties of the dyed fabric, the fixative ensures that the dyed fabric reaches desired fastness values.
- It is dissolved with water in a dosing unit and then dosed.
The production method of the present invention is as follows: a) Madder (Rubia tinctorum L.) is ground in the 30-70 micron range. In 20 liters of water, 2 kilograms of ground rose madder and 500 grams of ground Aleppo oak gall are mixed with 12% alum [KAI(SO4)2.12H2O] (300 grams of alum contain approximately 17 grams of aluminum) or 4.3% Al2(SO4)3, and 1 % Ca(NOs)2 (percentages to be determined based on the total weight of rose madder and gall
oak at room temperature for 24 hours. Then, the temperature is increased to 75-80 °C. It is kept at 75-80°C for 90 minutes (Mixing is continued over the course of the extraction process.). b) The extraction is left to cool and filtered at room temperature, and the existing plant pulp is removed from the extraction. c) Na2CO3 or K2CO3 is added to the extraction solution until the pH of the medium reaches 5.0-6.1 ; it is mixed and left at room temperature for 24 hours. d) After the precipitated and suspended Al-alizarin-tannin (gallic acid, gallic acid derivative, ellagic acid, ellagic acid derivative), Al-purpurin-tannin (gallic acid, gallic acid derivative, ellagic acid, ellagic acid derivative), Al-munjistin-tannin (gallic acid, gallic acid derivative, ellagic acid, ellagic acid derivative), and Al-rubiadin-tannin (gallic acid, gallic acid derivative, ellagic acid, ellagic acid derivative), and Ca- alizarin-AI- complexes, in solid form, are transferred to centrifuge, they are centrifuged at 2000-4000 rpm and separated into two as solid and liquid phases. The solid phase is taken and rinsed thrice with water. e) The precipitated [Ca-alizarin-AI; Al-alizarin-tannin (gallic acid, gallic acid derivative, ellagic acid, ellagic acid derivative), Al-purpurin-tannin (gallic acid, gallic acid derivative, ellagic acid, ellagic acid derivative), Al-munjistin-tannin (gallic acid, gallic acid derivative, ellagic acid, ellagic acid derivative), and Al-rubiadin-tannin (gallic acid, gallic acid derivative, ellagic acid, ellagic acid derivative) complexes], in solid phase, are dried at 45-55 °C. f) The dried solid dyestuffs [Ca-alizarin-AI; Al-alizarin-tannin (gallic acid, gallic acid derivative, ellagic acid, ellagic acid derivative), Al-purpurin-tannin (gallic acid, gallic acid derivative, ellagic acid, ellagic acid derivative), Al-munjistin-tannin (gallic acid, gallic acid derivative, ellagic acid, ellagic acid derivative), and Al-rubiadin- tannin (gallic acid, gallic acid derivative, ellagic acid, ellagic acid derivative)] are ground in the 3 - 30 micron range to be turned into powder form. g) Citric acid is added as much as the amount of dyestuff in powder form, and they are mixed thoroughly to make it homogeneous. h) Natural alum [KAI(SO4)2.12H2O] as much as the total amount of dyestuff and citric acid or Al2(SO4)3 at an amount equivalent to the amount of element aluminum contained in the alum is added to the mix and distributed homogeneously. (For example, 400 grams of alum [KAI(SO4)2.12H2O] contain 22.8 grams of aluminum.
Instead of 400 grams of alum, 144.4 grams of Al2(SO4)3can be used since it contains the same amount of aluminum.) i) 5% natural white clay and 12% natural red clay of the total weight of the obtained product are added and mixed to make it homogeneous. j) The obtained product (RK-Natural Red-RtC) is ground in the 3-20 micron range and then mixed to make it homogeneous.
Dyeing process: (to dye 15 kilograms of fabric) 150-160 grams of powder dyestuff (RK-Natural Red-RtC is dissolved with water in the dosing unit and dosed slowly to a 225-230-liter dyeing machine. The dyeing recipe is given in the table below:
Dyeing Stages:
1. Dyestuff in powder form (RK-Natural Red-RtC) is added to the dosing unit, water twice the amount of the dye is added, it is dissolved by mixing at 70-80 °C and then diluted with water and dosed.
2. It is dyed at 25-30 °C for 30 minutes.
3. The temperature is raised to 40 °C and dyeing is continued for 30 minutes. pH is buffered at 6.5-7.0.
4. The temperature is raised to 60 °C and dyeing is continued for 30 minutes.
5. The temperature is raised to 80 °C and dyeing is continued for 60 minutes.
6. The temperature is reduced to 45-50 °C, and at this temperature, the fixative is added and fixation is performed for 30 minutes.
7. It is rinsed twice at 60 °C.
Dyeing
The dyestuff (RK-Natural Red-RtC) is dissolved with water in the dosing unit. The obtained dyestuff solution is dosed to the dyeing machine. Dissolving dyestuff binds
to the fabric. Upon completion of dyeing, guar gum is added. Below are the fastness and color values of the fabric dyed in colors red-pink as a result of the process.
The dyeing fastness of the dyestuff (RK-Natural Red-RtC) in cotton fabric.
The color values of the dyestuff (RK-Natural Red-RtC) in the cotton fabric
Claims
CLAIMS 1-- Generally, a dyestuff to be used in the field of textile, and more specifically, a natural and organic red-colored vegetable textile dyeing method, which has antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antiinflammatory, and antiallergic properties, does not contain toxic and heavy metal ions and oxides, is environmentally friendly, and saves water and energy in dyeing, and its feature is that it consists of the following process steps:
- Leaving of the extraction to cool, filtering of it at room temperature, and removing of the existing plant pulp from the extraction;
- Adding of Na2CO3 or K2CO3 to the extraction solution by way of mixing until the pH of the medium reaches 5.0-6.1 , and leaving of it at room temperature for 24 hours;
- Centrifuging of the precipitated and suspended Al-alizarin-tannin (gallic acid, gallic acid derivative, ellagic acid, ellagic acid derivative), Al- purpurin-tannin (gallic acid, gallic acid derivative, ellagic acid, ellagic acid derivative), Al-munjistin-tannin (gallic acid, gallic acid derivative, ellagic acid, ellagic acid derivative), and Al-rubiadin-tannin (gallic acid, gallic acid derivative, ellagic acid, ellagic acid derivative), and Ca-alizarin-AI- complexes, in solid form, at 2000-4000 rpm after their transfer to the centrifuge, thus separating of them into two as solid and liquid phases, and then taking of the solid phase to be rinsed thrice with water;
- Drying of the precipitated [Ca-alizarin-AI; Al-alizarin-tannin (gallic acid, gallic acid derivative, ellagic acid, ellagic acid derivative), Al-purpurin- tannin (gallic acid, gallic acid derivative, ellagic acid, ellagic acid derivative), Al-munjistin-tannin (gallic acid, gallic acid derivative, ellagic acid, ellagic acid derivative), and Al-rubiadin-tannin (gallic acid, gallic acid derivative, ellagic acid, ellagic acid derivative) complexes], in solid phase, at 45-55 °C;
- Grinding of the dried solid dyestuff [Ca-alizarin-AI; Al-alizarin-tannin (gallic acid, gallic acid derivative, ellagic acid, ellagic acid derivative), Al- purpurin-tannin (gallic acid, gallic acid derivative, ellagic acid, ellagic acid derivative), Al-munjistin-tannin (gallic acid, gallic acid derivative, ellagic
acid, ellagic acid derivative), and Al-rubiadin-tannin (gallic acid, gallic acid derivative, ellagic acid, ellagic acid derivative)] in the 3 - 30 micron range to turn it into powder form;
- Adding of citric acid as much as the amount of dyestuff in powder form, and mixing of it thoroughly to make it homogeneous;
- Adding, to the mix, of ground alum [KAI(SO4)2.12H2O] as much as the total amount of dyestuff and citric acid or Al2(SO4)3 at an amount equivalent to the amount of element aluminum contained in the alum, and mixing of it to achieve homogeneous distribution;
- Adding of 5% natural white clay and 12% natural red clay of the total weight of the obtained product, and mixing of the blend to make it homogeneous; and
- Grinding of the obtained product in the 3-20 micron range, and mixing of these substances to achieve a homogeneous distribution. 2-- A method according to claim 1 , and its feature is that it consists of the following process steps for dyeing:
- Adding of dyestuff in powder form to the dosing unit, adding of water twice the amount of the dye therein, dissolving of it by mixing at 70-80 °C, and then dosing of it upon dilution with water;
- Dyeing of it at 25-30 °C for 30 minutes;
- Raising of temperature to 40 °C, continuing of dyeing for 30 minutes, and buffering of pH at 6.5-7.0;
- Raising of temperature to 60 °C, and continuing of dyeing for 30 minutes;
- Raising of temperature to 80 °C, and continuing of dyeing for 60 minutes;
- Reducing of temperature to 45-50 °C, adding of fixative at this temperature, and performing of fixation for 30 minutes; and
- Performing of rinsing twice at 60 °C. 3-- A red-colored natural and organic vegetable textile dyestuff obtained as a result of the dyeing method of the invention, and its feature is that it is characterized in that it consists of, by weight, 34-50% madder, 1 -4% soapwort, 7-15% gall oak, 10-20% natural alum KAI(SO4)2.12H2O 12H2O or Al2(SO4)3, 1 -3%
Ca(N03)2, 3-7% citric acid, 3-7% Na2CO3 or K2CO3, 3-8% bentonite natural white clay, 11-21 % red natural clay, and 0.1-2% vegetable tannin.
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