WO2022070355A1 - フェーズドアレイアンテナの校正方法及び校正システム - Google Patents
フェーズドアレイアンテナの校正方法及び校正システム Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022070355A1 WO2022070355A1 PCT/JP2020/037312 JP2020037312W WO2022070355A1 WO 2022070355 A1 WO2022070355 A1 WO 2022070355A1 JP 2020037312 W JP2020037312 W JP 2020037312W WO 2022070355 A1 WO2022070355 A1 WO 2022070355A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
- H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
- H01Q3/267—Phased-array testing or checking devices
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R35/00—Testing or calibrating of apparatus covered by the other groups of this subclass
- G01R35/005—Calibrating; Standards or reference devices, e.g. voltage or resistance standards, "golden" references
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
- H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
- H01Q3/30—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array
- H01Q3/34—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array by electrical means
- H01Q3/36—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array by electrical means with variable phase-shifters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B17/00—Monitoring; Testing
- H04B17/10—Monitoring; Testing of transmitters
- H04B17/101—Monitoring; Testing of transmitters for measurement of specific parameters of the transmitter or components thereof
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B17/00—Monitoring; Testing
- H04B17/10—Monitoring; Testing of transmitters
- H04B17/11—Monitoring; Testing of transmitters for calibration
- H04B17/12—Monitoring; Testing of transmitters for calibration of transmit antennas, e.g. of the amplitude or phase
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
- H04B7/0613—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
- H04B7/0615—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal
- H04B7/0617—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal for beam forming
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R25/00—Arrangements for measuring phase angle between a voltage and a current or between voltages or currents
- G01R25/04—Arrangements for measuring phase angle between a voltage and a current or between voltages or currents involving adjustment of a phase shifter to produce a predetermined phase difference, e.g. zero difference
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B17/00—Monitoring; Testing
- H04B17/10—Monitoring; Testing of transmitters
- H04B17/101—Monitoring; Testing of transmitters for measurement of specific parameters of the transmitter or components thereof
- H04B17/102—Power radiated at antenna
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B17/00—Monitoring; Testing
- H04B17/10—Monitoring; Testing of transmitters
- H04B17/101—Monitoring; Testing of transmitters for measurement of specific parameters of the transmitter or components thereof
- H04B17/103—Reflected power, e.g. return loss
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to a calibration method and a calibration system of a phased array antenna that aligns the amplitude and phase of radio waves transmitted from a plurality of antennas of the phased array antenna.
- a phased array antenna equipped with multiple antennas can obtain arbitrary radiation directivity by changing the direction of the combined electric field vector obtained by combining the electric field vectors of each antenna by controlling the electric field vector for each antenna. It is possible to transmit radio waves in a specific direction and receive radio waves coming from a specific direction.
- phased array antenna in the initial state, the amplitude and phase of the high frequency signal input to each antenna are not the same due to factors such as a difference in wiring length and a manufacturing error.
- the phases are not aligned either. Therefore, it is necessary to perform "calibration" to align the amplitude and phase of the radio waves transmitted from each antenna.
- these members and device and the phased array antenna constitute a measurement system for calibrating the phased array antenna.
- Patent Document 1 describes a method of calibrating a phased array antenna based on a result of receiving a radio wave from a transmitter by the phased array antenna via a space in a calibration measurement system in which a transmitter is installed separately from the phased array antenna. Is disclosed.
- phased array antenna calibration method disclosed in Patent Document 1 requires a transmitter in addition to the phased array antenna to be calibrated, which complicates the calibration measurement system.
- the present disclosure has been made in view of the above, and an object thereof is to obtain a calibration method of a phased array antenna capable of performing accurate calibration with a calibration measurement system having a simple configuration.
- the phased array antenna calibration method is a phase shifter that converts the phase of a high frequency signal output from a signal source, and amplifies the amplitude of the high frequency signal. It is a method of calibrating a phased array antenna including a plurality of transmission modules each including an amplifier and a transmission antenna for converting a high frequency signal into radio waves, and a reception module including a reception antenna.
- the method for calibrating a phased array antenna includes a step of receiving a reflected wave, which is a radio wave transmitted from each transmitting antenna of a plurality of transmitting modules and reflected externally, by a receiving antenna, an amplitude of the received reflected wave, and a method of receiving the reflected wave. It comprises a step of adjusting each phase shifter and amplifier of a plurality of transmitter modules based on the phase.
- the calibration method of the phased array antenna according to the present disclosure has the effect that accurate calibration can be performed with a calibration measurement system having a simple configuration.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a measurement system for calibration of a phased array antenna according to the first embodiment.
- the measurement system for calibration of the phased array antenna 100 includes a phased array antenna 100 to be calibrated and a reflector 21 that reflects a high frequency signal.
- the phased array antenna 100 and the reflector 21 constitute a calibration system for calibrating the phased array antenna 100.
- the reflector 21 may be installed only when the phased array antenna 100 is calibrated.
- the phased array antenna 100 includes a transmission module 2, a reception module 11, and a signal processing unit 15 in addition to a signal source 1 that outputs a high-frequency signal.
- the phased array antenna 100 includes four transmission modules 2.
- transmission modules 2a, 2b, 2c, and 2d when each of the four transmission modules 2 is distinguished, they are referred to as transmission modules 2a, 2b, 2c, and 2d.
- the phased array antenna 100 including four transmission modules 2 will be described as an example, the number of transmission modules 2 may be two or more and is not limited to four.
- the transmission module 2 can be installed in an arrangement pattern such as a linear array, a planar array, or a circular array, but is not limited to a specific arrangement pattern.
- Each of the transmission modules 2a, 2b, 2c, and 2d includes a phase shifter 3, an amplifier 4, and a transmission antenna 5.
- the phase shifter 3 can change the phase of the high frequency signal input from the signal source 1 to an arbitrary phase and output it.
- the amplifier 4 can arbitrarily change the output voltage of the high frequency signal input from the phase shifter 3 and output it to the transmitting antenna 5. That is, the amplifier 4 can change the amplitude of the high frequency signal to an arbitrary magnitude.
- the receiving module 11 includes a receiving antenna 12, a mixer 13, and a receiver 14.
- the signal processing unit 15 calculates the target position, the moving direction, the moving speed, and the like.
- the signal processing unit 15 estimates the amplitude and phase of each of the transmission modules 2a, 2b, 2c, and 2d, adjusts the phase of the high-frequency signal output from the phase shifter 3, and determines the phase of the high-frequency signal output from the amplifier 4.
- a calibration processing unit 31 for adjusting the amplitude is provided. The phase shifter 3 and the amplifier 4 of the transmission module 2 are adjusted by the calibration processing unit 31.
- the reflector 21 may be of any type as long as it reflects the transmitted high frequency signal.
- An example of the reflector 21 is a corner reflector having retroreflective properties.
- a high frequency signal is output from the signal source 1.
- the high-frequency signal output from the signal source 1 is phase-adjusted by the phase shifter 3, the power is amplified by the amplifier 4, and then sent to the transmitting antenna 5.
- the high frequency signal input to the transmitting antenna 5 is converted into radio waves and transmitted from the transmitting antenna 5.
- the transmission of radio waves from the transmission antenna 5 of the transmission module 2 is referred to as "radio waves are transmitted from the transmission module 2.”
- the amplitude of the radio wave transmitted from the transmitting antenna 5 is referred to as "amplitude of the transmitting module 2".
- the phase of the radio wave transmitted from the transmitting antenna 5 is referred to as "phase of the transmitting module 2".
- the phased array antenna 100 includes a plurality of transmission modules 2, the direction of the combined electric field vector obtained by synthesizing the electric field vectors of each transmission antenna 5 is changed by adjusting the amplitude and phase of each transmission module 2.
- the radiation directivity of the antenna 100 can be changed.
- phase shifter 3 the amplifier 4, the transmission antenna 5, and the line connecting them vary depending on the transmission module 2, and the amplitudes and phases of the transmission modules 2a, 2b, 2c, and 2d are phased arrays. Before the calibration of the antenna 100, it is unknown.
- the amplitude and phase of each of the transmission modules 2a, 2b, 2c, and 2d are estimated, and the amplitude and phase of each of the transmission modules 2a, 2b, 2c, and 2d are estimated based on the estimation result. "Calibration" is required to adjust the phase.
- the calibration of the phased array antenna 100 will be described.
- the radio wave transmitted from the transmission module 2 is reflected by the reflector 21.
- the receiving antenna 12 receives the radio wave reflected by the reflector 21.
- the mixer 13 frequency-modulates the high-frequency signal converted by the receiving antenna 12 by receiving the radio wave by multiplying the high-frequency signal directly output from the signal source 1, and outputs the baseband signal.
- the receiver 14 converts the baseband signal into a digital signal.
- the signal processing unit 15 stores the baseband signal converted into a digital signal by the receiver 14, and performs various signal processing on the baseband signal converted into the digital signal, and performs various signal processing, the target position, the moving direction, and the target position. Calculate the movement speed, etc.
- the radio wave is received by the receiving antenna 12 of the receiving module 11, frequency-modulated by the mixer 13, and then converted into a digital signal by the receiver 14, simply "the radio wave is received by the receiving module 11. Ru ".
- the calibration processing unit 31 identifies the amplitude and phase of the radio wave received by the receiving module 11 based on the amplitude and phase of the digital signal input to the signal processing unit 15, and the transmission modules 2a, 2b, 2c, and 2d. Estimate the amplitude and phase. Therefore, the calibration processing unit 31 changes the settings of the phase shifters 3 and the amplifier 4 of the transmission modules 2a, 2b, 2c, and 2d based on the amplitude and phase of the digital signal input to the signal processing unit 15. Then, the amplitude and phase of each of the transmission modules 2a, 2b, 2c, and 2d can be adjusted to calibrate the phased array antenna 100.
- the reflected wave which is a radio wave transmitted from each of the transmitting antennas 5 of the plurality of transmitting modules 2a, 2b, 2c, and 2d and reflected externally, is received. It is performed by a step of receiving by the antenna 12 and a step of adjusting the phase shifter 3 and the amplifier 4 of each of the plurality of transmission modules 2a, 2b, 2c, and 2d based on the amplitude and phase of the received reflected wave.
- the receiving module 11 provided in the phased array antenna 100 itself the transmission and reception of radio waves for calibration are completed by the phased array antenna 100, so that the measurement for calibration is completed.
- the system configuration and control are simplified. The work of changing the settings of the phase shifter 3 and the amplifier 4 to adjust the amplitude and phase of the transmission modules 2a, 2b, 2c, and 2d may be performed manually.
- the phased array antenna 100 can be calibrated by any method, but "Mano, Katagi, Phased array antenna element amplitude phase measurement method-element electric field vector rotation method-, IEICE Journal B, Vol. A specific example of calibration will be described assuming that the method described in "J65-B, No. 5, pp.555-560, May 1982" is used.
- the output of the amplifier 4 of all the transmission modules 2 is set as the initial value.
- the same indicated value is used for all the transmission modules 2.
- the phase of the phase shifter 3 of all the transmission modules 2 is used as the initial value. All examples are 0 °, but other values may be used.
- radio waves are output from all the transmission modules 2.
- the phase shifter 3, the amplifier 4, the transmission antenna 5, and the line connecting them have variations for each transmission module 2, the amplitude and phase of the radio waves transmitted from each transmission module 2 are the same. It is unknown at that time.
- the radio wave reflected by the reflector 21 is received by the receiving module 11.
- the magnitude of the received power of the signal obtained by digitizing the baseband signal obtained by converting the radio wave received by the receiving module 11 is stored in the signal processing unit 15.
- phase shifter 3 change the phase state of the phase shifter 3 of one transmission module 2 of interest. If the phase shifter 3 is a digital phase shifter, the phase is changed by one bit. Then, radio waves are transmitted from all the transmission modules 2. The radio wave reflected by the reflector 21 is received by the receiving module 11. The magnitude of the received power of the baseband signal obtained by converting the radio wave received by the receiving module 11 is stored in the signal processing unit 15.
- the magnitude of the received power stored in the signal processing unit 15 draws a cosine curve by changing the phase state of the phase shifter 3 of one transmission module 2 of interest by one cycle.
- the phase state of the phase shifter 3 of the one transmission module 2 of interest is changed by one cycle.
- the phase of the received power changes due only to the phase state of the phase shifter 3 of the transmission module 2 of interest. Therefore, the calibration processing unit 31 determines the amplitude of the radio wave transmitted from one transmission module 2 of interest based on the phase value and the magnitude of the fluctuation of the power when the received power stored in the signal processing unit 15 becomes maximum. And the phase can be estimated.
- k 1 , k 2 , X 1 , and X 2 are relative amplitudes of the transmission module 2 of interest, and X 1 and X 2 are relative topologies.
- r2 is the ratio of the maximum value and the minimum value of the cosine curve of the magnitude of the received power stored in the signal processing unit 15, and ⁇ 0 is when the cosine curve of the magnitude of the received power becomes the maximum. Is the phase value of. r 2 and ⁇ 0 can be obtained from the observed values.
- k 1 , X 1 is a method of selecting a solution that has the same relative amplitude as the first result by changing the default phase distribution and making another judgment to obtain the relative amplitude and relative phase. It can be determined whether the set of k 2 and X 2 is the correct solution. Whether the set of k 1 and X 1 is the correct solution or the set of k 2 and X 2 is the correct solution may be determined by using a known method different from the illustrated method.
- the calibration processing unit 31 estimates the amplitude and phase of the transmission module 2 of interest, and then changes the amplitude and phase of another transmission module 2 of interest to the transmission module 2 of interest, thereby performing the above operation. Estimate the amplitude and phase. The above operation is repeated while sequentially changing the transmission module 2 of interest until there is no transmission module 2 whose amplitude and phase have not been estimated. By performing the above procedure for all transmission modules 2, the calibration processing unit 31 can estimate the amplitude and phase of all transmission modules 2.
- the calibration processing unit 31 adjusts the phase shifters 3 and the amplifiers 4 of the transmission modules 2a, 2b, 2c, and 2d based on the estimation results of the amplitudes and phases of the transmission modules 2a, 2b, 2c, and 2d, respectively. ..
- the calibration processing unit 31 can direct the electric field vector of each transmission antenna 5 in any direction.
- the radiation directivity of the phased array antenna 100 can be arbitrarily set.
- phase shifter 3 and the amplifier 4 are adjusted so that the amplitude and phase of all the transmission modules 2a, 2b, 2c, and 2d are the same, a beam is formed in a direction orthogonal to the array plane of the phased array antenna 100. can.
- the method of calibrating the phased array antenna 100 according to the first embodiment includes a step of receiving the reflected wave of the radio wave transmitted from each of the transmitting antennas 5 of the plurality of transmitting modules 2a, 2b, 2c, and 2d by the receiving antenna 12, and receiving.
- the phased array antenna 100 is provided with a step of adjusting the phase shifter 3 and the amplifier 4 of each of the plurality of transmission modules 2a, 2b, 2c, and 2d based on the amplitude and phase of the reflected wave, and the phased array antenna 100 is used for transmitting and receiving radio waves.
- the transmission module 2 and the reception module 11 provided are used, and the amplitude and phase of the transmission module 2 are estimated by using the radio waves reciprocating between the transmitter module 2 and the reflector 21. Therefore, the phased array antenna 100 according to the first embodiment can be accurately calibrated by a calibration measurement system having a simple configuration.
- Embodiment 2 The calibration measurement system of the phased array antenna 100 according to the second embodiment is the same as that of the first embodiment. However, in the second embodiment, the high frequency signal output from the signal source 1 is a chirp signal whose frequency changes with time.
- the high frequency signal output from the signal source 1 is converted into radio waves, transmitted from the transmission module 2, and reflected by the reflector 21.
- the radio wave reflected by the reflector 21 is received by the receiving antenna 12.
- a high-frequency signal received by the receiving antenna 12 and a high-frequency signal directly input from the signal source 1 are input to the mixer 13.
- the high-frequency signal input from the receiving antenna 12 to the mixer 13 is a signal propagating in space via the reflector 21, the phase is delayed as compared with the high-frequency signal directly input from the signal source 1. ing. Since the high-frequency signal output from the signal source 1 is a chirp signal, the two high-frequency signals having different phases input to the mixer 13 have different frequencies.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the frequency of a high frequency signal in the calibration measurement system of the phased array antenna according to the second embodiment.
- ⁇ f in FIG. 2 represents the frequency difference between the high frequency signal received by the receiving antenna 12 and the high frequency signal directly input from the signal source 1. Due to the difference in path length, the two high-frequency signals input to the mixer 13 differ in frequency because the times output from the signal source 1 are different.
- the mixer 13 outputs a baseband signal having a frequency difference ⁇ f between the two signals.
- the magnitude of the frequency difference ⁇ f is proportional to the distance between the reflector 21 and the phased array antenna 100.
- the receiver 14 converts the baseband signal into a digital signal.
- the signal processing unit 15 performs various signal processing on the digital signal converted by the receiver 14.
- the signal processing unit 15 calculates the frequency spectrum of this digital signal and stores the magnitude of power at the frequency corresponding to the distance between the reflector 21 and the phased array antenna 100.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a first example of the frequency spectrum of the digital signal converted by the receiver in the calibration measurement system of the phased array antenna according to the second embodiment. Since the digital signal converted by the receiver 14 in the second embodiment has a component of the frequency difference ⁇ f, when this digital signal is Fourier transformed to obtain the frequency component, the maximum value P of the power is generated at the frequency ⁇ f. Since the frequency ⁇ f is a frequency proportional to the distance between the reflector 21 and the phased array antenna 100, the calibration processing unit 31 calibrates the phased array antenna 100 using the maximum value P of the power generated in the frequency ⁇ f. , Noise components caused by frequency components other than the frequency corresponding to the distance between the reflector 21 and the phased array antenna 100 can be excluded, and the accuracy of calibration can be improved.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a second example of the frequency spectrum of the digital signal converted by the receiver in the calibration measurement system of the phased array antenna according to the second embodiment.
- the maximum value N of the electric power is generated.
- the frequency ⁇ f determined according to the distance between the phased array antenna 100 and the reflector 21 is also known. Therefore, the frequency ⁇ f may be obtained from the distance between the phased array antenna 100 and the reflector 21, and the magnitude of the power at the frequency ⁇ f of the frequency spectrum may be used for calibration. In this case, it does not matter whether or not the power at the frequency ⁇ f is the maximum value.
- the phased array antenna 100 can be calibrated by any method. "Mano, Katagi, Phased Array Antenna Element Amplitude Phase Measurement Method-Element Electric Field Vector Rotation Method-, IEICE Journal of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers B, Vol.J65-B, No.5, pp.555-560, 1982 5 When the method described in "Moon" is used, the phased array antenna 100 can be calibrated by the same procedure as in the first embodiment.
- the phased array antenna 100 itself is used for both transmission and reception, and the round-trip radio wave via the reflector 21 is used for calibration. Therefore, the phased array antenna 100 can be calibrated with a calibration measurement system having a simple configuration.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a measurement system for calibration of the phased array antenna according to the third embodiment.
- the calibration measurement system of the phased array antenna 100 according to the third embodiment is different from the calibration measurement system of the phased array antenna 100 according to the first embodiment in that the reflector 22 is used in addition to the reflector 21.
- the distance between the phased array antenna 100 and the first position is the phased array antenna 100 and the second position. Longer than the distance to the position.
- the reflector 21 is installed at a position 1000 wavelengths or more away from the phased array antenna 100
- the reflector 22 is installed at a position 60 wavelengths or more and 500 wavelengths or less from the phased array antenna 100.
- one wavelength represents the wavelength of radio waves transmitted and received by the phased array antenna 100 in free space.
- the distance between the installation position of the reflectors 21 and 22 and the phased array antenna 100 is not limited to the exemplified distance.
- the accuracy of phase calibration can be improved by setting the distance between the phased array antenna 100 and the reflector 21 to be 1000 wavelengths or more of the radio waves transmitted from the transmission module 2.
- the phased array antenna 100 includes two transmission modules 2.
- transmission modules 2a and 2b are referred to as transmission modules 2a and 2b.
- the number of transmission modules 2 included in the phased array antenna 100 may be two or more, and is not limited to two.
- the reflector 22 is not arranged, only the reflector 21 is arranged, and calibration is performed in the same manner as in the first and second embodiments. This operation is referred to as procedure 1.
- the amplitude is estimated by transmitting radio waves from only one of the transmitting modules 2 and receiving the reflected waves reflected by the reflector 21 by the receiving module 11 to measure the power. Therefore, how to obtain the phase will be described here.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a radio wave path in space in the calibration measurement system of the phased array antenna according to the third embodiment.
- the route from the signal source 1 to the transmission by the transmission module 2a is defined as A11.
- the path of the space portion between the transmission module 2a, the reflector 21, and the reception antenna 12 is A12.
- the path from the signal source 1 to the transmission by the transmission module 2b is defined as A21.
- the path of the space portion between the transmission module 2b, the reflector 21, and the reception antenna 12 is A22.
- the phase change obtained in step 1 is P11 + P12 for the transmission module 2a and P21 + P22 for the transmission module 2b.
- the path A12 and the path A22 are different in FIG. 6 due to space limitations, in reality, the reflector 21 is arranged far away, so if the reflector 21 and the phased array antenna 100 face each other. , The route A12 and the route A22 can be regarded as equidistant. Similarly, in the path A12 and the path A22, the incident angles with respect to the reflector 21 can be regarded as the same, and the behavior due to the reflection in the reflector 21 can also be regarded as the same.
- phase change P12 in the path A12 and the phase change P22 in the path A22 can be regarded as the same, and the phase difference due to the space does not occur. That is, in step 1, there is no phase difference due to the geometrical relationship between the transmitting antenna 5, the reflector 21, and the receiving antenna 12. Therefore, in the procedure 1, the relative values of the phase changes P11 and P21 can be obtained without being affected by the space.
- the phase changes P11 and P21 undergo a phase rotation of a plurality of cycles.
- the estimated phase is in the range of ⁇ 180 °. Therefore, the phase change P11 and the phase change P12 may include a deviation of an integral multiple of one wavelength, but as long as the phase of the transmission module 2a and the phase of the transmission module 2b are aligned, the calibration processing unit 31 Since the phased array antenna 100 can be calibrated, there is no problem even if the phase change P11 and the phase change P12 include a deviation of an integral multiple of one wavelength.
- the path of the space portion between the transmission module 2a, the reflector 22, and the receiving antenna 12 is A13. Further, the path of the space portion between the transmission module 2b, the reflector 22, and the reception antenna 12 is A23. Let the phase change in each of the paths A13 and A23 be P13 and P23, respectively. Note that P13 and P23 include a phase change due to reflection by the reflector 22.
- the phase change obtained in step 2 is P11 + P13 for the transmission module 2a and P21 + P23 for the transmission module 2b. Since the reflector 22 is arranged closer to the phased array antenna 100 as compared with the reflector 21, the paths A13 and the path A23 have different lengths. Further, since the angle of incidence on the reflector 22 in the path A13 and the angle of incidence on the reflector 22 in the path A23 are different, the response due to the reflection in the reflector 22 is different between the path A13 and the path A23. Therefore, the phase change P13 in the path A13 and the phase change P23 in the path A23 are different. That is, when the reflector 22 is installed near the phased array antenna 100, a phase difference occurs due to the geometrical relationship between the transmitting antenna 5, the reflector 22, and the receiving antenna 12.
- step 1 using the reflector 21 that increases the calibration measurement system is performed only on the representative individual, in other individuals, only procedure 2 is performed on the small calibration measurement system using the reflector 22.
- the phase change corresponding to the phase change in the procedure 1 which is not affected by the space and has high accuracy can be obtained by calculation.
- the transmitting antenna is selected from the phase of the reflected wave transmitted from the transmitting antenna 5 of each of the transmitting modules 2a and 2b and received by the receiving antenna 12.
- a correction is made to remove the phase difference due to the geometrical relationship between the 5 and the reflector 22 and the receiving antenna 12, and the phase shifter 3 is adjusted based on the phase of the corrected reflected wave.
- the reflector 22 is first set based on the phase of the reflected wave received by the receiving antenna 12 in a state where the reflector 21 that reflects the radio waves transmitted from the transmitting antenna 5 is installed at the first position.
- the calibration measurement system of the phased array antenna 100 can be made smaller without deteriorating the calibration accuracy.
- phased array antenna 100 when mass-producing the phased array antenna 100, only the representative individual performs steps 1 and 2 to obtain C1, C2 and C3, and the other individuals perform only step 2 and corrects the phase using the known C3.
- the phased array antenna 100 can be calibrated. As a result, the individual performing only the procedure 2 can reduce the calibration measurement system of the phased array antenna 100 without deteriorating the calibration accuracy.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a measurement system for calibration of a phased array antenna according to the first modification of the third embodiment. It is the same as the calibration measurement system of the phased array antenna 100 according to the third embodiment except that the reflector 21 does not exist.
- the difference between P23 and P13 which is the phase difference due to the geometrical relationship between the transmitting antenna 5, the reflector 22, and the receiving antenna 12, is calculated.
- P23 and P13 can be calculated from the optical path length. Further, P23 and P13 can also be calculated from the electromagnetic field analysis result including the reflector 22.
- the calculation method of P23 and P13 is not limited to a specific method as long as the required accuracy can be obtained.
- the phased array antenna 100 can be calibrated only in step 2. Therefore, in the first modification of the third embodiment, the calibration measurement system for calibration can be made smaller without deteriorating the accuracy of calibration.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a measurement system for calibration of a phased array antenna according to a second modification of the third embodiment.
- the phased array antenna 100 is phased by the transmitting antenna 5 which is the antenna of the transmitting modules 2a and 2b, the receiving antenna 12 which is the antenna of the receiving module 11, and the reflector 22.
- a measurement system for calibration of the array antenna 100 is configured.
- the positional relationship between the transmitting antenna 5 and the reflector 22 is the same as the calibration measurement system of the phased array antenna 100 according to the first modification of the third embodiment.
- the difference between P23 and P13 which is the phase difference due to the geometrical relationship between the transmitting antenna 5, the reflector 22, and the receiving antenna 12, is obtained by measurement.
- the measured values of P23 and P13 can be obtained by receiving the reflected wave of the radio wave transmitted from the transmitting antenna 5 in the state where the measuring device such as the network analyzer is connected to the transmitting antenna 5 and the receiving antenna 12.
- C5 P23-P13.
- C5 is obtained in advance with only the transmitting antenna 5 and the receiving antenna 12, and the phased array antenna 100 is assembled by combining with the phase shifter 3, the amplifier 4, the mixer 13, the receiver 14, and the signal processing unit 15, and the calibration system is assembled. By performing step 2 in the configured state, the phased array antenna 100 can be calibrated only by step 2.
- the function of the calibration processing unit 31 according to the above-described first to third embodiments is realized by the processing circuit.
- the processing circuit may be dedicated hardware or a processing device that executes a program stored in the storage device.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram showing a configuration in which the functions of the calibration processing unit according to the first to third embodiments are realized by hardware.
- the processing circuit 29 incorporates a logic circuit 29a that realizes the function of the calibration processing unit 31.
- the function of the calibration processing unit 31 is realized by software, firmware, or a combination of software and firmware.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a configuration in which the functions of the calibration processing unit according to the first to third embodiments are realized by software.
- the processing circuit 29 includes a processor 291 that executes the program 29b, a random access memory 292 that the processor 291 uses for the work area, and a storage device 293 that stores the program 29b.
- the function of the calibration processing unit 31 is realized by the processor 291 expanding the program 29b stored in the storage device 293 on the random access memory 292 and executing the program 29b.
- the software or firmware is written in a programming language and is stored in the storage device 293.
- the processor 291 can exemplify, but is not limited to, a central processing unit.
- the storage device 293 applies semiconductor memory such as RAM (Random Access Memory), ROM (Read Only Memory), flash memory, EPROM (Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory), or EEPROM (registered trademark) (Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory). can.
- the semiconductor memory may be a non-volatile memory or a volatile memory.
- the storage device 293 can be applied with a magnetic disk, a flexible disk, an optical disk, a compact disk, a mini disk, or a DVD (Digital Versatile Disc).
- the processor 291 may output data such as a calculation result to the storage device 293 and store the data, or may store the data in an auxiliary storage device (not shown) via the random access memory 292.
- the processing circuit 29 realizes the function of the calibration processing unit 31 by reading and executing the program 29b stored in the storage device 293. It can be said that the program 29b causes the computer to execute the procedure and the method for realizing the function of the calibration processing unit 31.
- the processing circuit 29 may realize a part of the function of the calibration processing unit 31 with dedicated hardware and a part of the function of the calibration processing unit 31 with software or firmware.
- the processing circuit 29 can realize each of the above-mentioned functions by hardware, software, firmware, or a combination thereof.
- the configuration shown in the above embodiment is an example of the content, can be combined with another known technique, and a part of the configuration is omitted or changed without departing from the gist. It is also possible.
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Abstract
Description
図1は、実施の形態1に係るフェーズドアレイアンテナの校正用測定系を示す図である。フェーズドアレイアンテナ100の校正用測定系は、校正対象であるフェーズドアレイアンテナ100と、高周波信号を反射する反射器21とを有する。フェーズドアレイアンテナ100及び反射器21は、フェーズドアレイアンテナ100を校正する校正システムを構成している。反射器21は、フェーズドアレイアンテナ100の校正時のみ設置されていればよい。
実施の形態2に係るフェーズドアレイアンテナ100の校正用測定系は、実施の形態1と同様である。ただし、実施の形態2においては、信号源1から出力される高周波信号は、時間とともに周波数が変化するチャープ信号である。
図5は、実施の形態3に係るフェーズドアレイアンテナの校正用測定系を示す図である。実施の形態3に係るフェーズドアレイアンテナ100の校正用測定系は、反射器21に加え、反射器22も用いる点で、実施の形態1に係るフェーズドアレイアンテナ100の校正用測定系と相違する。反射器21の設置位置を第1の位置とし、反射器22の設置位置を第2の位置とするとき、フェーズドアレイアンテナ100と第1の位置との距離は、フェーズドアレイアンテナ100と第2の位置との距離よりも長い。
Claims (7)
- 信号源から出力された高周波信号の位相を変換する移相器、前記高周波信号の振幅を増幅する増幅器及び前記高周波信号を電波に変換する送信アンテナを各々が備える複数の送信モジュールと、受信アンテナを備えた受信モジュールとを備えたフェーズドアレイアンテナの校正方法であって、
前記複数の送信モジュールの各々の前記送信アンテナから送信され外部で反射された電波である反射波を前記受信アンテナで受信する工程と、
受信した前記反射波の振幅及び位相に基づいて、前記複数の送信モジュールの各々の前記移相器及び前記増幅器を調整する工程とを備えることを特徴とするフェーズドアレイアンテナの校正方法。 - 前記信号源が出力する前記高周波信号は、時間とともに周波数が変化するチャープ信号であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のフェーズドアレイアンテナの校正方法。
- 前記複数の送信モジュールの各々の前記送信アンテナから送信され反射器で反射されて前記受信アンテナで受信される前記反射波の位相から、前記送信アンテナと前記反射器と前記受信アンテナとの幾何学的関係に起因する位相差を除去する補正を行い、前記補正がなされた前記反射波の位相に基づいて前記移相器を調整することを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載のフェーズドアレイアンテナの校正方法。
- 前記反射器を第1の位置に設置した状態において前記受信アンテナで受信される前記反射波の位相に基づいて、前記反射器を前記第1の位置よりも前記フェーズドアレイアンテナに近い第2の位置に設置した状態において前記受信アンテナで受信される前記反射波の位相から、前記送信アンテナと前記反射器と前記受信アンテナとの幾何学的関係に起因する位相差を除去する補正を行うことを特徴とする請求項3に記載のフェーズドアレイアンテナの校正方法。
- 前記送信アンテナと前記反射器と前記受信アンテナとの幾何学的関係に起因する位相差を、演算によって算出することを特徴とする請求項3に記載のフェーズドアレイアンテナの校正方法。
- 他のフェーズドアレイアンテナと前記反射器とにより、前記反射器を前記第1の位置に設置した状態において前記受信アンテナで受信される前記反射波の位相差を予め測定しておき、前記反射器を第2の位置に設置した状態設置した状態において前記受信アンテナで受信される前記反射波の位相から、前記送信アンテナと前記反射器と前記受信アンテナとの幾何学的関係に起因する位相差を除去する補正を行うことを特徴とする請求項4に記載のフェーズドアレイアンテナの校正方法。
- 信号源から出力された高周波信号の位相を変換する移相器、前記高周波信号の振幅を増幅する増幅器及び前記高周波信号を電波に変換する送信アンテナを各々が備える複数の送信モジュールと、受信アンテナを備えた受信モジュールと、前記移相器及び前記増幅器を調整する校正処理部とを備えたフェーズドアレイアンテナと、前記高周波信号を反射する反射器とを備え、
前記校正処理部は、前記複数の送信モジュールの各々の前記送信アンテナから送信され前記反射器で反射された電波である反射波の振幅及び位相に基づいて、前記複数の送信モジュールの各々の前記移相器及び前記増幅器を調整することを特徴とする校正システム。
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| PCT/JP2020/037312 WO2022070355A1 (ja) | 2020-09-30 | 2020-09-30 | フェーズドアレイアンテナの校正方法及び校正システム |
| JP2022553349A JP7427105B2 (ja) | 2020-09-30 | 2020-09-30 | フェーズドアレイアンテナの校正方法及び校正システム |
| US18/025,644 US12463339B2 (en) | 2020-09-30 | 2020-09-30 | Phased array antenna calibration method and phased array antenna calibration system |
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| JP2010041577A (ja) * | 2008-08-07 | 2010-02-18 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | アンテナ装置 |
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| JP2016151550A (ja) * | 2015-02-19 | 2016-08-22 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 遅延時間差測定装置、フェーズドアレーアンテナ装置、遅延時間差測定方法及びフェーズドアレーアンテナ校正方法 |
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| JPS57162803A (en) | 1981-04-01 | 1982-10-06 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | Antenna diagnostic device |
| US11171425B2 (en) * | 2015-07-16 | 2021-11-09 | Arizona Board Of Regents On Behalf Of University Of Arizona | Spherical reflector antenna for terrestrial and stratospheric applications |
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| JP2025162803A (ja) | 2024-04-16 | 2025-10-28 | 大日本印刷株式会社 | 配線基板群、配線基板群の製造方法、及び配線基板の製造方法 |
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| JP2006258644A (ja) * | 2005-03-17 | 2006-09-28 | Nec Corp | フェーズドアレイアンテナレーダおよび校正用送信チャープ信号取得方法 |
| JP2010041577A (ja) * | 2008-08-07 | 2010-02-18 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | アンテナ装置 |
| JP2012124749A (ja) * | 2010-12-09 | 2012-06-28 | Denso Corp | フェーズドアレイアンテナの位相校正方法及びフェーズドアレイアンテナ |
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