WO2022068099A1 - 一种换电式混合动力车辆 - Google Patents

一种换电式混合动力车辆 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022068099A1
WO2022068099A1 PCT/CN2020/139100 CN2020139100W WO2022068099A1 WO 2022068099 A1 WO2022068099 A1 WO 2022068099A1 CN 2020139100 W CN2020139100 W CN 2020139100W WO 2022068099 A1 WO2022068099 A1 WO 2022068099A1
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Prior art keywords
battery
quick
vehicle
change
swappable
Prior art date
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PCT/CN2020/139100
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
李书福
Original Assignee
浙江吉利控股集团有限公司
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Publication date
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Priority to EP20956115.8A priority Critical patent/EP4206031A4/en
Priority to US18/029,138 priority patent/US20230365023A1/en
Priority to JP2023519181A priority patent/JP2023543263A/ja
Priority to KR1020237010731A priority patent/KR20230054892A/ko
Publication of WO2022068099A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022068099A1/zh

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    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the technical field of vehicles, in particular to a battery-swappable hybrid vehicle.
  • the battery-swappable car uses a detachable power battery, which can be quickly disassembled and replaced through a power-swap station to ensure the cruising range.
  • this method has problems such as insufficient layout of the current power exchange station and inconvenient power exchange.
  • the second is the extended-range electric vehicle.
  • Extended-range electric vehicles use fuel or other types of small engines to drive generators to generate electricity to supplement the electric vehicle's power battery, thereby increasing the mileage.
  • this method mainly relies on the supply of fuel, which can easily lead to problems such as oil price fluctuation and anxiety of users.
  • the third way is to use the detachable battery as the main method, supplemented by the direct driving of the vehicle with the fuel engine.
  • the fuel engine is only used as an auxiliary driving means, and is still limited by the layout of the power exchange station and the convenience of power exchange.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a battery-swappable hybrid vehicle that combines the range extension technology and the battery-swap technology and can flexibly switch between the two as the main power source.
  • a further object of the present invention is to further improve the use flexibility of the battery-swappable hybrid vehicle in different scenarios by setting the basic battery and the quick-change battery dual batteries.
  • a battery-swappable hybrid vehicle including a range-extending drive system composed of a range extender and a drive motor, and also including a quick-change battery, which can be quickly replaced at a power-swap station Disassemble and replace; the quick-change battery is connected with the drive motor to form a power-swap drive system; the power-swap drive system and the extended-range drive system can be quickly switched and used as the main power system independently.
  • the range extender drive system further includes a base battery; the base battery is respectively connected to the range extender and the drive motor.
  • the vehicle's base battery and quick-change battery are paired in the following manner:
  • the basic battery is set on the vehicle, and the quick-change battery is set at the exchange station for circulation and charging;
  • the quick-change battery is arranged on the vehicle, and the basic battery is arranged at the battery-changing station for circulating charging.
  • the vehicle further includes an inverter.
  • the capacity of the quick-change battery is less than 2 times the total amount of electrical energy that can be supplied by the range extender.
  • the capacity of the quick-change battery is equal to the total amount of power that can be supplied by the range extender.
  • the capacity of the base battery is 1-1.47kwh or 1.47-5.5kwh.
  • the extended-range drive system further includes a fuel tank, and the fuel of the fuel tank includes gasoline, diesel, methanol, ethanol, biofuel, natural gas, and hydrogen.
  • the vehicle further includes a speed change mechanism and a drive shaft
  • the drive motor is connected to the drive shaft through the speed change mechanism
  • the drive shaft is connected to the wheels of the vehicle.
  • the vehicle is further provided with a quick-change device, one end of the quick-change device is connected to the lower body of the vehicle, and the other end is connected to the basic battery or the quick-change battery.
  • the battery-swappable hybrid vehicle proposed in the embodiment of the present invention includes a range-extending drive system composed of a range extender and a drive motor, and a battery-swap drive system composed of a quick-change battery and the drive motor.
  • the quick-change battery can be Swap stations are quickly disassembled and replaced. Since the battery-swappable drive system and the range-extender drive system can be quickly switched and act as the main power system independently, the range-extender drive system and/or the range-extender drive system can be switched freely and flexibly according to the usage scenario and economy.
  • a battery-swappable drive system powered by a quick-change battery drives the vehicle.
  • the extended-range driving system of the hybrid vehicle of the present invention further includes a base battery.
  • a base battery Through the dual-battery configuration of the basic battery and the quick-change battery, the switching and use of the extended-range drive system and the battery-swappable drive system are more diversified, which further improves the use flexibility of the battery-swappable hybrid vehicle in different scenarios. .
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic structural diagram of a battery-swappable hybrid vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic structural diagram of a battery-swappable hybrid vehicle according to another embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic structural diagram of a battery-swappable hybrid vehicle according to yet another embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 shows a schematic structural diagram of a battery-swappable hybrid vehicle according to yet another embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 5 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of the quick-change device in a locked state according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 6 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of the quick-change device in an unlocked state according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • embodiments of the present invention provide a battery-swappable hybrid vehicle.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic structural diagram of a battery-swappable hybrid vehicle 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the battery-swappable hybrid vehicle 100 may at least include a range extender drive system composed of a range extender 10 and a drive motor 31 , and a quick-change battery 20 .
  • the range extender 10 is composed of an engine 14 and a generator 15 .
  • the range extender 10 can be connected to the drive motor 31 , and the generator 15 generates electricity under the driving of the power output from the engine 14 to provide the drive motor 31 with electrical energy.
  • the quick-change battery 20 can be quickly disassembled and replaced at the power-changing station, so as to realize the rapid replenishment of electric energy.
  • the fully-charged quick-change battery 20 is reinstalled in the hybrid vehicle 100 to realize the replacement of the quick-change battery 20 .
  • the quick-change battery 20 is connected to the drive motor 31 and constitutes a power-swappable drive system.
  • the range extender 10 and the quick-change battery 20 can supply power to the drive motor 31 independently of each other, that is, either one of the range extender 10 and the quick-change battery 20 can provide power when the other does not work. Therefore, the battery-swappable drive system 1 and the range-extended drive system 2 can be quickly switched and independently serve as the main power system of the battery-swappable hybrid vehicle 100 .
  • the quick-change battery 20 can also be connected with the range extender 10 (specifically, connected with the generator 15 ), so that it can receive and store excess electrical energy when the range extender 10 is working.
  • the battery-swappable hybrid vehicle 100 proposed in the embodiment of the present invention includes a range-extending drive system composed of a range extender 10 and a drive motor 31 , and a battery-swap drive system composed of a quick-change battery 20 and a drive motor 31 .
  • the swap battery 20 can be quickly removed and replaced at the swap station. Since the battery-swappable drive system and the range-extender drive system can be quickly switched and act as the main power system independently, the range-extender drive system and/or the range-extender drive system with the range extender 10 as the power source can be switched freely and flexibly according to the usage scenario and economy.
  • the vehicle is driven by a battery-swappable drive system using the quick-change battery 20 as a power source.
  • the range extender 10 when the price of the fuel (such as oil price) used by the range extender 10 is low, the range extender 10 is used to supply electric energy to the drive motor 31, When the electricity price is relatively low, the quick-change battery 20 is used, and the quick-change battery 20 is replaced and used by a power exchange station to ensure the power supply to the driving motor 31 .
  • the fuel can be filled up to ensure sufficient fuel supply of the range extender 10, and at the same time, the quick-change battery 20 can be replaced and used through a power swap station to obtain the maximum cruising range.
  • the extended-range driving system may further include a base battery 12 .
  • the basic battery 12 is respectively connected to the range extender 10 (specifically connected to the generator 15 ) and the drive motor 31 .
  • the base battery 12 can be, for example, a conventional power battery.
  • a variety of different setting modes of the basic battery 12 and the quick-change battery 20 can be adopted, so that the switching between the extended-range driving system and the battery-changing driving system can be achieved smoothly.
  • the usage is more diversified, which further improves the usage flexibility of the battery-swappable hybrid vehicle 100 in different scenarios.
  • the following will introduce different ways of setting the basic battery 12 and the quick-change battery 20 .
  • the base battery 12 and the quick-change battery 20 are provided on the vehicle 100 at the same time.
  • the basic battery 12 is fixed on the vehicle 100
  • the quick-change battery 20 is disposed on the vehicle 100 so as to be quickly disassembled and replaced.
  • the base battery 12 when the vehicle 100 is powered by the extended-range driving system, when the base battery 12 is sufficiently charged, the base battery 12 provides power to the drive motor 31 .
  • the engine 14 starts to run, and the base battery 12 is charged while supplying electric power to the drive motor 31 through the generator 15 .
  • the range extender 10 and the basic battery 12 simultaneously provide electrical energy to the drive motor 31 .
  • the driving motor 31 can be used as a generator to charge the basic battery 12 and play the role of kinetic energy recovery.
  • the quick-change battery 20 When the vehicle 100 is powered by the battery-swappable drive system, the quick-change battery 20 provides electrical energy directly to the drive motor 31.
  • This embodiment is very convenient to use the range extender 10 or the quick-change battery 20 as a power source for switching according to the fuel price and electricity price in a non-long-distance driving scenario, and can also ensure the maximum cruising range in a long-distance driving scenario.
  • the base battery 12 and the quick-change battery 20 are provided on the vehicle 100 at the same time, wherein the base battery 12 is provided on the vehicle 100 in a quickly removable and replaceable manner, and the quick-change battery 20 can also be quickly removed and replaced. It is replaceably installed on the vehicle 100 .
  • both the basic battery 12 and the quick-change battery 20 can be disassembled or replaced by the power exchange station, so as to reduce the fuel consumption to the greatest extent, which is very suitable for the use demand when the fuel price is high and the electricity price is low.
  • the maximum cruising range of the vehicle 100 is also increased to a certain extent.
  • the base battery 12 and the quick-change battery 20 of the vehicle 100 may be provided in pairs in such a manner that one of the base battery 12 and the quick-change battery 20 is provided on the vehicle 100 while the other is provided on the Swap stations circulate and charge. Specifically, there are the following two cases.
  • the basic battery 12 is installed on the vehicle 100 , and the quick-change battery 20 is installed at the swap station for circulation and charging.
  • This situation is especially suitable for use scenarios where the fuel price is low and the cruising range requirement is low (such as urban driving).
  • the quick-change battery 20 is removed and placed at the power exchange station for operation, which reduces the overall weight of the vehicle 100 on the one hand.
  • the operation time of the quick-change battery 20 is also increased, and the use efficiency of the quick-change battery 20 is improved.
  • the quick-change battery 20 is installed on the vehicle 100 , and the basic battery 12 is installed at the battery-changing station for circulating charging.
  • This situation is especially suitable for use scenarios where the fuel price is high, there is a certain cruising range requirement, and the layout of the swap station is sufficient.
  • the basic battery 12 is removed and placed in the swap station for operation, which reduces the overall weight of the vehicle 100 to a certain extent, thereby improving the energy utilization efficiency of the quick-swap battery 20 .
  • the extended-range drive system may further include a fuel tank 13 .
  • the fuel tank 13 is connected to the engine 14 of the range extender 10 for supplying fuel to the engine 14 .
  • the fuel stored in the fuel tank 13 depends on the type of engine 14 of the range extender 10 .
  • the fuel in the fuel tank 13 may include gasoline, diesel, methanol, ethanol, biofuel, natural gas, hydrogen, and the like.
  • the engine 14 may be a gasoline engine, a diesel engine, a methanol engine, or the like.
  • the quick-change battery 20 can be designed to have various specifications of capacity and weight. Through this design, quick-change batteries 20 with different capacities and weights can be replaced according to actual application requirements in different usage scenarios, so as to maximize energy efficiency and economy. For example, during long-distance driving, the large-capacity quick-change battery 20 can be replaced by the swap station on the basis of filling the fuel tank 13 with fuel, so as to obtain a larger cruising range. In the case of driving in the urban area and the layout of the swap station is sufficient in the urban area, the quick-change battery 20 with small capacity and low weight can be replaced by the swap station to reduce the no-load weight.
  • the capacity of the quick-change battery 20 may be less than 2 times the total amount of electrical energy that can be supplied by the range extender 10 .
  • the total amount of electrical energy that can be supplied by the range extender 10 refers to the maximum total amount of electrical energy that the range extender 10 can provide when the fuel tank 13 is full of fuel. This arrangement makes the electric power provided by the range extender 10 and the quick-change battery 20 similar, which breaks the design that the range extender is usually only used as a secondary auxiliary power source in the prior art, and makes the quick-change battery 20 and the range extender 10 can back up each other, each independently as the main power source.
  • the capacity of the quick-change battery 20 may be greater than 0.5 times and less than 2 times the total amount of electrical energy that can be supplied by the range extender 10 . More preferably, the capacity of the quick-change battery 20 is 0.5-1.5 times the total amount of electric energy that can be supplied by the range extender 10 . Even more preferably, the capacity of the quick-change battery 20 is 1 times the total amount of power that can be supplied by the range extender 10 , that is, the capacity of the quick-change battery 20 is equal to the total amount of power that can be supplied by the range extender 10 .
  • the range extender 10 can no longer be used only as an auxiliary power energy system, and the switching between the range extender 10 and the quick-change battery 20 is more flexible and free.
  • the capacity of the base battery 12 may be in the range of 1-1.47 kwh.
  • the capacity of the base battery 12 is much smaller than that of the power battery commonly used in the hybrid vehicle (generally 15-60kwh)
  • the weight of the base battery 12 is correspondingly the same as that of the power battery commonly used.
  • the ratio is also greatly reduced. On the one hand, it can effectively reduce the weight of the whole vehicle and improve the energy utilization efficiency.
  • the small-capacity basic battery 12 does not need to consider the function of external charging, which is conducive to cost control and layout selection.
  • the capacity of the base battery 12 may be in the range of 1.47-5.5 kwh.
  • the capacity (ie, energy density) of the base battery 12 is appropriately increased, and the cruising range of the hybrid vehicle 100 is increased to a certain extent, but at the same time, the capacity of the base battery 12 is still much smaller than that in the hybrid vehicle.
  • the capacity of the commonly used power battery so as to achieve a better balance between the battery capacity and the weight of the vehicle.
  • the vehicle 100 may further include an inverter.
  • the inverter may include a first inverter 51 disposed between the base battery 12 and the drive motor 31 and between the generator 15 and the drive motor 31 , and a first inverter 51 disposed between the quick-change battery 20 and the drive motor 31 of the second inverter 52 .
  • the role of the inverter here should be well known to those skilled in the art, and will not be described in detail herein.
  • the vehicle 100 may also include a transmission mechanism 60 and a driveshaft 32 .
  • the drive shaft 32 is connected to the wheels 40 of the vehicle 100 .
  • the inventive speed change mechanism 60 can be arranged between the drive motor 31 and the drive shaft 32, that is, the drive motor 31 is connected to the drive shaft 31 through the speed change mechanism 60, and the drive force generated by the drive motor 31 is transmitted to the drive shaft 32 through the speed change mechanism 60 to transmit the driving force generated by the drive motor 31 to the drive shaft 32.
  • the drive wheels 40 rotate.
  • the vehicle 100 may also be provided with a quick-change device 70 .
  • One end of the quick-change device 70 can be connected with the lower body of the vehicle 100 , and the other end can be connected with the basic battery 12 or the quick-change battery 20 .
  • the quick-change device 70 may be used to quickly remove and install the base battery 12 or the quick-change battery 20 .
  • the quick-change device 70 may include a limit pin 71 , a housing 72 , a bolt 73 , a support rod 74 and a limit ball 75 .
  • One end of the limiting pin 71 is connected to the lower body of the vehicle 100 .
  • the casing 72 is connected to the basic battery 12 or the quick-change battery 20 , and has a trapezoidal cavity inside. Specifically, the casing 72 is located at the edge of the base battery 12 or the quick-change battery 20 , and the casing 72 and the base battery 12 or the quick-change battery 20 are connected by bolts on the left and right sides of the lower part of the casing 72 .
  • the bolt 73 is located at the lower part of the cavity, extends into the cavity, and is connected with the housing 72 by screw thread.
  • the support rod 74 is located in the cavity, supported by the bolt 73 in the cavity, and can move up and down relative to the housing 72 together with the bolt 73 .
  • the limiting ball 75 is located in the middle of the support rod 74 .
  • the middle portion of the limiting pin 71 has a recessed portion 711 concave in its axial direction.
  • the interior of the support rod 74 is hollow and has a notch 741 at a position corresponding to the recessed portion 711 , and the limiting ball 75 is matched with the notch 741 .
  • the limit pin 71 When the base battery 12 or the quick-change battery 20 needs to be installed on the vehicle 100, the limit pin 71 is separated from the housing 72, and the jacking mechanism transports the base battery 12 or the quick-change battery 20 to the lower part of the vehicle body near the limit The position of the pin 71, at this time, the limit pin 71 is inserted into the housing 72, but the concave portion 711 on the limit pin 71 and the limit ball 75 are not on the same horizontal plane, that is, the limit ball 75 is not stuck in the concave portion 711 , and the limiting ball 75 is located in the notch 741 on the support rod 74 .
  • the bolt 73 needs to drive the support rod 74 and the limit ball 75 to move upward relative to the housing 72 together until the limit ball 75 is locked into the concave portion 711 .
  • the quick-change device 70 is in a locked state (as shown in FIG. 5 ) by the locking balls 75 being snapped into the concave portions 711 , so that the base battery 12 or the quick-change battery 20 is mounted on the vehicle 100 .
  • the jacking mechanism slightly lifts the basic battery 12 or the quick-change battery 20 upward, and at this time, the motor moves the bolt 73 downward relative to the housing 72 to form an unlocked state (eg shown in Figure 6).
  • the limiting ball 75 is also released from the stress state, so the bolt 73 can move downward under the drive of the motor, and the support rod 74 also releases the bolt The upward force of 73 moves downward until the limiting ball 75 moves out of the recess 711 .
  • the base battery 12 or the quick-change battery 20 falls off the jacking mechanism, and the disassembly process of the base battery 12 or the quick-change battery 20 is completed.
  • the quick-change device 70 of this embodiment can realize locking and unlocking simply and quickly, which improves the installation and removal efficiency of the battery.
  • the quick change device 70 may also have other implementation manners, which are not limited in the present invention.
  • the embodiments of the present invention can achieve the following beneficial effects:
  • the battery-swappable hybrid vehicle proposed in the embodiment of the present invention includes a range-extending drive system composed of a range extender and a drive motor, and a battery-swap drive system composed of a quick-change battery and the drive motor.
  • the quick-change battery can be Swap stations are quickly disassembled and replaced. Since the battery-swappable drive system and the range-extender drive system can be quickly switched and act as the main power system independently, the range-extender drive system and/or the range-extender drive system can be switched freely and flexibly according to the usage scenario and economy.
  • a battery-swappable drive system powered by a quick-change battery drives the vehicle.
  • the extended-range driving system of the hybrid vehicle of the present invention further includes a base battery.
  • a base battery Through the dual-battery configuration of the basic battery and the quick-change battery, the switching and use of the extended-range drive system and the battery-swappable drive system are more diversified, which further improves the use flexibility of the battery-swappable hybrid vehicle in different scenarios. .

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Abstract

一种换电式混合动力车辆（100），该混合动力车辆（100）包括由增程器（10）和驱动电机（31）构成的增程式驱动系统，还包括快换电池（20），其可在换电站快速拆卸并更换；快换电池（20）与驱动电机（31）相连并构成换电式驱动系统；换电式驱动系统和增程式驱动系统可快速切换并单独作为主动力系统，可根据使用场景和经济性自由灵活地切换以增程器（10）为动力来源的增程式驱动系统和/或以快换电池（20）为动力来源的换电式驱动系统驱动车辆行驶。

Description

一种换电式混合动力车辆 技术领域
本发明涉及车辆技术领域，特别是一种换电式混合动力车辆。
背景技术
在节能、减排的双重压力下，发展新能源汽车成为国际社会的必然选择。电动汽车为新能源汽车中极具前景的产品。但是，由于目前电动汽车的行驶里程较短，消费者存在里程焦虑，这在一定程度上降低了消费者购买电动汽车的意愿。
为解决里程焦虑问题，目前主要采用以下三种方式：第一种为换电式汽车。换电式汽车采用可拆卸的动力电池，通过换电站可快速拆卸和更换动力电池，以保证续航里程。但是，这种方式存在目前换电站布局不充分、换电不方便等问题。第二种为增程式电动汽车。增程式电动汽车采用燃油或者其他类型的小型发动机带动发电机发电来为电动汽车的动力电池补充电力，从而提高行驶里程。但是，这种方式主要依赖于燃油的补给，易导致用户的油价波动焦虑等问题。第三种方式为使用可拆卸换电电池为主、以燃油发动机直接驱动汽车为辅的电动汽车。但是，这种方式中燃油发动机仅仅作为辅助驱动手段，仍然受制于换电站的布局和换电的便捷程度。
发明内容
鉴于上述问题，提出了一种克服上述问题或者至少部分地解决上述问题的换电式混合动力车辆。
本发明的一个目的是提供一种结合了增程式技术和换电技术并能够在两者之间灵活切换作为主动力来源的换电式混合动力车辆。
本发明一个进一步的目的是通过设置基础电池和快换电池双电池，进一步提高了换电式混合动力车辆在不同场景下的使用灵活性。
特别地，根据本发明实施例的一方面，提供了一种换电式混合动力车辆，包括由增程器和驱动电机构成的增程式驱动系统，还包括快换电池，其可在换电站快速拆卸并更换；快换电池与驱动电机相连并构成换电式驱动系统；换电式驱动系统和增程式驱动系统可快速切换并单独作为主动力系统。
可选地，增程式驱动系统还包括基础电池；基础电池分别连接增程器和驱动电机。
可选地，车辆的基础电池和快换电池以以下方式成对设置：
基础电池设置于车辆上，快换电池设置于换电站流通并充电；
或快换电池设置于车辆上，基础电池设置于换电站流通充电。
可选地，车辆还包括逆变器。
可选地，快换电池的容量小于增程器的可供应电能总量的2倍。
可选地，快换电池的容量等于增程器的可供应电能总量。
可选地，基础电池的容量为1-1.47kwh或1.47-5.5kwh。
可选地，增程式驱动系统还包括燃料箱，燃料箱的燃料包括汽油、柴油、甲醇、乙醇、生物燃料、天然气、氢气。
可选地，车辆还包括变速机构和驱动轴，驱动电机通过变速机构与驱动轴相连，驱动轴与车辆的车轮连接。
可选地，车辆上还设有快换装置，快换装置的一端与车辆的下车体相连，另一端与基础电池或快换电池相连。
本发明实施例提出的换电式混合动力车辆，包括由增程器和驱动电机构成的增程式驱动系统，以及由快换电池与该驱动电机构成的换电式驱动系统，快换电池可在换电站快速拆卸并更换。由于换电式驱动系统和增程式驱动系统可快速切换并单独作为主动力系统，因此，可根据使用场景和经济性自由灵活地切换以增程器为动力来源的增程式驱动系统和/或以快换电池为动力来源的换电式驱动系统驱动车辆行驶。
进一步地，本发明的混合动力车辆的增程式驱动系统还包括基础电池。通过基础电池和快换电池这种双电池的设置，使得增程式驱动系统和换电式驱动系统的切换和使用更加多样化，进一步提高了换电式混合动力车辆在不同场景下的使用灵活性。
上述说明仅是本发明技术方案的概述，为了能够更清楚了解本发明的技术手段，而可依照说明书的内容予以实施，并且为了让本发明的上述和其它目的、特征和优点能够更明显易懂，以下特举本发明的具体实施方式。
根据下文结合附图对本发明具体实施例的详细描述，本领域技术人员将会更加明了本发明的上述以及其他目的、优点和特征。
附图说明
后文将参照附图以示例性而非限制性的方式详细描述本发明的一些具体实施例。附图中相同的附图标记标示了相同或类似的部件或部分。本领域技术人员应该理解，这些附图未必是按比例绘制的。附图中：
图1示出了根据本发明一实施例的换电式混合动力车辆的结构示意图；
图2示出了根据本发明另一实施例的换电式混合动力车辆的结构示意图；
图3示出了根据本发明又一实施例的换电式混合动力车辆的结构示意图；
图4示出了根据本发明再一实施例的换电式混合动力车辆的结构示意图；
图5示出了根据本发明一实施例的快换装置锁止状态时的剖视示意图；
图6示出了根据本发明一实施例的快换装置解锁状态时的剖视示意图。
具体实施方式
下面将参照附图更详细地描述本公开的示例性实施例。虽然附图中显示了本公开的示例性实施例，然而应当理解，可以以各种形式实现本公开而不应被这里阐述的实施例所限制。相反，提供这些实施例是为了能够更透彻地理解本公开，并且能够将本公开的范围完整的传达给本领域的技术人员。
为解决或部分解决上述技术问题，本发明实施例提出一种换电式混合动力车辆。
图1示出了根据本发明一实施例的换电式混合动力车辆100的结构示意图。参见图1所示，换电式混合动力车辆100至少可以包括由增程器10和驱动电机31构成的增程式驱动系统，以及快换电池20。增程器10由发动机14和发电机15构成。增程器10可与驱动电机31相连，发电机15在发动机14输出的动力的驱动下发电，以向驱动电机31提供电能。快换电池20可在换电站快速拆卸并更换，以实现电能的快速补充。在实际应用中，例如通过换电工具将贫电的快换电池20拆卸后，在混合动力车辆100中重新安装满电的快换电池20，以实现快换电池20的更换。快换电池20与驱动电机31相连并构成换电式驱动系统。增程器10和快换电池20能够相互独立地向驱动电机31供应电能，也就是说，增程器10和快换电池20中任一者都可以在另一者不工作无法提供电能的情况下单独向驱动电机31供应电能，因此，换电式驱动系统1和增程式驱动系统2可快速切换并单独作为换电式混合动 力车辆100的主动力系统。快换电池20还可以与增程器10连接(具体与发电机15连接)，从而可以在增程器10工作时接收存储多余的电能。
本发明实施例提出的换电式混合动力车辆100，包括由增程器10和驱动电机31构成的增程式驱动系统，以及由快换电池20与驱动电机31构成的换电式驱动系统，快换电池20可在换电站快速拆卸并更换。由于换电式驱动系统和增程式驱动系统可快速切换并单独作为主动力系统，因此，可根据使用场景和经济性自由灵活地切换以增程器10为动力来源的增程式驱动系统和/或以快换电池20为动力来源的换电式驱动系统驱动车辆行驶。
具体地，例如，对于非长途行驶场景(如在市区行驶)，在增程器10所使用的燃料的价格(如油价)较低时，采用增程器10工作为驱动电机31供应电能，在电价相对低的时候，则采用快换电池20，通过换电站对快换电池20进行更换使用，以确保对驱动电机31的电能供应。对于长途行驶场景，则可以既加满燃料以保证增程器10的燃料供应充足，同时又通过换电站对快换电池20进行更换使用，以获得最大续航里程。
参照图2所示，在本发明的一个实施例中，增程式驱动系统还可以包括基础电池12。基础电池12分别连接增程器10(具体连接发电机15)和驱动电机31。基础电池12例如可以是常规的动力电池。通过基础电池12和快换电池20这种双电池的设置，使得可以采用多种不同的基础电池12和快换电池20的设置方式，以使增程式驱动系统和换电式驱动系统的切换和使用更加多样化，进一步提高换电式混合动力车辆100在不同场景下的使用灵活性。下面将对基础电池12和快换电池20的不同设置方式进行介绍。
在一种实施方式中，基础电池12和快换电池20同时设置于车辆100上。基础电池12固定于车辆100上，快换电池20则可快速拆卸并更换地设置于车辆100上。
在这种情况下，当车辆100通过增程式驱动系统提供动力时，在基础电池12电量充足时，由基础电池12向驱动电机31提供电能。当基础电池12电量不足时，发动机14开始运转，一边通过发电机15向驱动电机31提供电能，一边向基础电池12充电。如果车辆100遇到上坡、急加速等高负荷工况时，增程器10和基础电池12同时向驱动电机31提供电能。遇到下坡、滑行等工况时，驱动电机31可作为发电机，为基础电池12充电，起到动能回收的作用。当车辆100通过换电式驱动系统提供动力时，快换电池20直 接向驱动电机31提供电能。本实施方式非常便于在非长途行驶场景下根据燃料价格和电价的高低切换使用增程器10或快换电池20作为动力来源，同时也能保障长途行驶场景下的最大续航里程。
在另一种实施方式中，基础电池12和快换电池20同时设置于车辆100上，其中，基础电池12可快速拆卸并更换地设置于车辆100上，并且快换电池20也可快速拆卸并更换地设置于车辆100上。在这种情况下，基础电池12和快换电池20均可以通过换电站进行拆卸或更换，从而能够最大程度上减少燃料的消耗，非常适用于燃料价格较高而电价较低时的使用需求。另外，也在一定程度上增大了车辆100的最大续航里程。
在又一种实施方式中，车辆100的基础电池12和快换电池20可以按以下方式成对设置：基础电池12和快换电池20中的一者设置于车辆100上时另一者设置于换电站流通并充电。具体地，有以下两种情形。
第一种情形，参照图3所示，基础电池12设置于车辆100上，而快换电池20设置于换电站流通并充电。这种情形尤其适用于燃料价格较低且续航里程要求较低(如市区行驶)时的使用场景，此时将快换电池20卸下放至换电站运营，一方面减少了车辆100的整体重量，另一方面也增加了快换电池20的运营时间，提高了快换电池20的使用效率。
第二种情形，参照图4所示，快换电池20设置于车辆100上，而基础电池12设置于换电站流通充电。这种情形尤其适用于燃料价格较高、有一定续航里程要求且换电站布局充分时的使用场景。此时将基础电池12卸下放至换电站运营，一定程度上减少了车辆100的整体重量，从而提高了快换电池20的能源利用效率。
继续参照图2所示，在本发明的一个实施例中，增程式驱动系统还可以包括燃料箱13。燃料箱13与增程器10的发动机14相连，用于为发动机14供应燃料。
在实际应用中，燃料箱13中存储的燃料取决于增程器10的发动机14的类型。一般情况下，燃料箱13中的燃料可包括汽油、柴油、甲醇、乙醇、生物燃料、天然气、氢气等。相应地，发动机14可以为汽油发动机、柴油发动机、甲醇发动机等。
为了进一步增强快换电池20的使用灵活性，在一些实施例中，快换电池20可设计为具有多种规格的容量和重量。通过这种设计，可以在不同使 用场景下根据实际应用需求更换使用不同容量和重量的快换电池20，以达到能量效率和经济性的最大化。例如，在长途行驶时，可以在对燃料箱13加满燃料的基础上同时通过换电站更换上大容量的快换电池20来使用，以获得更大的续航里程。在市区行驶且换电站在市区布局充分的情况下，可以通过换电站更换小容量和小重量的快换电池20来使用，以减少空载重量。
在本发明的一个实施例中，快换电池20的容量可小于增程器10的可供应电能总量的2倍。增程器10的可供应电能总量指在燃料箱13加满燃料的情况下增程器10可提供的最大电能总量。这种设置使增程器10与快换电池20可提供的电能相近，打破了现有技术中增程器通常只作为次要的辅助性动力来源的设计，使得快换电池20与增程器10能够互为备份，各自单独作为主要动力来源。
优选地，快换电池20的容量可大于增程器10的可供应电能总量的0.5倍且小于增程器10的可供应电能总量的2倍。更优选地，快换电池20的容量为增程器10的可供应电能总量的0.5-1.5倍。甚至更优选地，快换电池20的容量为增程器10的可供应电能总量的1倍，即，快换电池20的容量等于增程器10的可供应电能总量。通过如此设计，增程器10将可以不再仅仅只作为辅助性动力能源系统，而增程器10和快换电池20之间的切换使用更灵活、更自由。
在一些实施例中，基础电池12的容量可以在1-1.47kwh范围内。在这种情况下，由于基础电池12的容量远小于混合动力车辆中惯常使用的动力电池的容量(一般在15-60kwh)，相应地，基础电池12的重量与惯常使用的动力电池的重量相比也大大减小，一方面可有效减轻整车的重量，提高能源利用效率，另一方面，小容量的基础电池12无需考虑外接充电的功能，有利于成本的控制和布局的选择。
在另一些实施例中，基础电池12的容量可以在1.47-5.5kwh范围内。在这种情况下，恰当地增大了基础电池12的容量(即能量密度)，一定程度上增大了混合动力车辆100的续航里程，但同时基础电池12的容量仍远小于混合动力车辆中惯常使用的动力电池的容量，从而达到较佳的电池容量与整车重量之间的平衡。
继续参照图2所示，在本发明的一个实施例中，车辆100还可以包括逆变器。具体地，逆变器可以包括设置在基础电池12与驱动电机31之间以及 发电机15与驱动电机31之间的第一逆变器51，和设置在快换电池20与驱动电机31之间的第二逆变器52。此处的逆变器的作用应为本领域人员所熟知，本文不另赘述。
在本发明的一个实施例中，车辆100还可以包括变速机构60和驱动轴32。驱动轴32与车辆100的车轮40相连。发明变速机构60可设置在驱动电机31和驱动轴32之间，即，驱动电机31通过变速机构60与驱动轴31相连，通过变速机构60将驱动电机31产生的驱动力传递至驱动轴32以驱动车轮40转动。
在本发明的一个实施例中，车辆100上还可以设有快换装置70。快换装置70的一端可与车辆100的下车体相连，另一端则与基础电池12或快换电池20相连。快换装置70可用于快速拆卸和安装基础电池12或快换电池20。
参照图5和图6所示，在一种具体的实施方案中，快换装置70可包括限位销轴71、壳体72、螺栓73、支撑杆74和限位滚珠75。限位销轴71的一端与车辆100的下车身连接。壳体72与基础电池12或快换电池20连接，且内部有呈梯形结构的空腔。具体地，壳体72位于基础电池12或快换电池20的边缘位置，且壳体72与基础电池12或快换电池20通过壳体72下部左右两侧的螺栓连接。螺栓73位于空腔下部，伸入空腔内，且与壳体72螺纹连接。支撑杆74位于空腔内，由螺栓73支撑在空腔内，并能随螺栓73一起相对壳体72上下移动。限位滚珠75位于支撑杆74的中部。限位销轴71的中部具有向其轴线方向凹陷的凹陷部711，支撑杆74的内部中空并在与凹陷部711对应的位置设有缺口741，限位滚珠75与缺口741相配合。当快换装置70处于锁止状态时，限位销轴71插入支撑杆74的内部，且限位滚珠75卡入凹陷部711。
当需要将基础电池12或快换电池20安装至车辆100上时，限位销轴71与壳体72是分离的，顶升机构将基础电池12或快换电池20输送至车身下部靠近限位销轴71的位置，此时限位销轴71插入壳体72内，但是限位销轴71上的凹陷部711与限位滚珠75并不在同一水平面上，即限位滚珠75未卡入凹陷部711，而限位滚珠75又位于支撑杆74上的缺口741内。因此，若需要将基础电池12或快换电池20安装至车辆100上，就需要螺栓73带动支撑杆74和限位滚珠75一起相对壳体72向上运动，直至限位滚珠75卡入凹陷部711。如此，通过限位滚珠75卡入凹陷部711，快换装置70就处 于锁止状态(如图5所示)，从而将基础电池12或快换电池20安装至车辆100上。
当需要将基础电池12或快换电池20拆卸下来时，顶升机构向上微顶基础电池12或快换电池20，此时，电机使得螺栓73相对壳体72向下移动从而形成解锁状态(如图6所示)。在这里，当顶升机构向上微顶基础电池12或快换电池20时，限位滚珠75也解除了受力状态，因而螺栓73可以在电机的带动下向下移动，支撑杆74也解除螺栓73向上顶的力向下移动，直至限位滚珠75移出凹陷部711。此时，基础电池12或快换电池20脱落到顶升机构上，至此完成基础电池12或快换电池20拆卸过程。
本实施例的快换装置70能够简单快捷地实现锁止和解锁，提高了电池的安装和拆卸效率。
需要说明的是，以上介绍的仅是本发明中快换装置70的一种实现方式。当然，快换装置70还可以有其他的实现方式，本发明对此不做限制。
根据上述任意一个可选实施例或多个可选实施例的组合，本发明实施例能够达到如下有益效果：
本发明实施例提出的换电式混合动力车辆，包括由增程器和驱动电机构成的增程式驱动系统，以及由快换电池与该驱动电机构成的换电式驱动系统，快换电池可在换电站快速拆卸并更换。由于换电式驱动系统和增程式驱动系统可快速切换并单独作为主动力系统，因此，可根据使用场景和经济性自由灵活地切换以增程器为动力来源的增程式驱动系统和/或以快换电池为动力来源的换电式驱动系统驱动车辆行驶。
进一步地，本发明的混合动力车辆的增程式驱动系统还包括基础电池。通过基础电池和快换电池这种双电池的设置，使得增程式驱动系统和换电式驱动系统的切换和使用更加多样化，进一步提高了换电式混合动力车辆在不同场景下的使用灵活性。
在此处所提供的说明书中，说明了大量具体细节。然而，能够理解，本发明的实施例可以在没有这些具体细节的情况下实践。在一些实例中，并未详细示出公知的方法、结构和技术，以便不模糊对本说明书的理解。
最后应说明的是：以上各实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述各实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：在本发明的精神和原则之内，其依然可以对前述各实施 例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分或者全部技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案脱离本发明的保护范围。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种换电式混合动力车辆，包括由增程器和驱动电机构成的增程式驱动系统，还包括快换电池，其可在换电站快速拆卸并更换；所述快换电池与所述驱动电机相连并构成换电式驱动系统；所述换电式驱动系统和所述增程式驱动系统可快速切换并单独作为主动力系统。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的换电式混合动力车辆，其中，所述增程式驱动系统还包括基础电池；所述基础电池分别连接所述增程器和所述驱动电机。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的换电式混合动力车辆，其中，所述车辆的所述基础电池和所述快换电池以以下方式成对设置：
    所述基础电池设置于所述车辆上，所述快换电池设置于换电站流通并充电；
    或所述快换电池设置于所述车辆上，所述基础电池设置于换电站流通充电。
  4. 根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述的换电式混合动力车辆，其中，所述车辆还包括逆变器。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的换电式混合动力车辆，其中，
    所述快换电池的容量小于所述增程器的可供应电能总量的2倍。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的换电式混合动力车辆，其中，
    所述快换电池的容量等于所述增程器的可供应电能总量。
  7. 根据权利要求2所述的换电式混合动力车辆，其中，
    所述基础电池的容量为1-1.47kwh或1.47-5.5kwh。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的换电式混合动力车辆，其中，所述增程式驱动系统还包括燃料箱，所述燃料箱的燃料包括汽油、柴油、甲醇、乙醇、生物燃料、天然气、氢气。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的换电式混合动力车辆，其中，所述车辆还包括变速机构和驱动轴，所述驱动电机通过所述变速机构与所述驱动轴相连，所述驱动轴与所述车辆的车轮连接。
  10. 根据权利要求2所述的换电式混合动力车辆，其中，所述车辆上还设有快换装置，所述快换装置的一端与所述车辆的下车体相连，另一端与所述基础电池或所述快换电池相连。
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