WO2022063518A1 - Unité d'étrier de frein comprenant un dispositif de détection d'usure, procédé de détection de l'usure de garnitures de frein et disque de frein d'une unité d'étrier de frein - Google Patents

Unité d'étrier de frein comprenant un dispositif de détection d'usure, procédé de détection de l'usure de garnitures de frein et disque de frein d'une unité d'étrier de frein Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022063518A1
WO2022063518A1 PCT/EP2021/073666 EP2021073666W WO2022063518A1 WO 2022063518 A1 WO2022063518 A1 WO 2022063518A1 EP 2021073666 W EP2021073666 W EP 2021073666W WO 2022063518 A1 WO2022063518 A1 WO 2022063518A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
brake
sensor
wear
unit
brake caliper
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2021/073666
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Geza KATONA
Marc-Gregory Elstorpff
Gyorgy VANCSAY
Vasko-Tonio HUTH
Robert Kakonyi
Original Assignee
Knorr-Bremse Systeme für Schienenfahrzeuge GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Knorr-Bremse Systeme für Schienenfahrzeuge GmbH filed Critical Knorr-Bremse Systeme für Schienenfahrzeuge GmbH
Publication of WO2022063518A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022063518A1/fr

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D55/00—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes
    • F16D55/02—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members
    • F16D55/22—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members by clamping an axially-located rotating disc between movable braking members, e.g. movable brake discs or brake pads
    • F16D55/224—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members by clamping an axially-located rotating disc between movable braking members, e.g. movable brake discs or brake pads with a common actuating member for the braking members
    • F16D55/2245—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members by clamping an axially-located rotating disc between movable braking members, e.g. movable brake discs or brake pads with a common actuating member for the braking members in which the common actuating member acts on two levers carrying the braking members, e.g. tong-type brakes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T13/00—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems
    • B60T13/10—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with fluid assistance, drive, or release
    • B60T13/66—Electrical control in fluid-pressure brake systems
    • B60T13/665—Electrical control in fluid-pressure brake systems the systems being specially adapted for transferring two or more command signals, e.g. railway systems
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T17/00—Component parts, details, or accessories of power brake systems not covered by groups B60T8/00, B60T13/00 or B60T15/00, or presenting other characteristic features
    • B60T17/18—Safety devices; Monitoring
    • B60T17/22—Devices for monitoring or checking brake systems; Signal devices
    • B60T17/228—Devices for monitoring or checking brake systems; Signal devices for railway vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61H—BRAKES OR OTHER RETARDING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR RAIL VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR DISPOSITION THEREOF IN RAIL VEHICLES
    • B61H13/00—Actuating rail vehicle brakes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61H—BRAKES OR OTHER RETARDING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR RAIL VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR DISPOSITION THEREOF IN RAIL VEHICLES
    • B61H5/00—Applications or arrangements of brakes with substantially radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D66/00—Arrangements for monitoring working conditions, e.g. wear, temperature
    • F16D66/02—Apparatus for indicating wear
    • F16D66/021—Apparatus for indicating wear using electrical detection or indication means
    • F16D66/026—Apparatus for indicating wear using electrical detection or indication means indicating different degrees of lining wear
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D66/00—Arrangements for monitoring working conditions, e.g. wear, temperature
    • F16D2066/003—Position, angle or speed
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D66/00—Arrangements for monitoring working conditions, e.g. wear, temperature
    • F16D2066/006—Arrangements for monitoring working conditions, e.g. wear, temperature without direct measurement of the quantity monitored, e.g. wear or temperature calculated form force and duration of braking

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a brake caliper unit with a wear sensor device according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the invention also relates to a method for detecting wear of a brake caliper unit.
  • Such brake caliper units are widely used in the railway industry because of their braking performance, particularly for locomotives, trams and multiple-unit trains.
  • the object of the invention is to provide an improved brake caliper unit with automatic wear detection for brake pads and brake disc, while reducing costs and maintenance time at the same time.
  • a further object is to specify an improved method for detecting wear of brake pads and brake disc of a brake caliper unit.
  • One idea of the invention consists in detecting the wear by means of at least one sensor, which directly or indirectly detects the positions and the relative changes in position of brake caliper components
  • a brake caliper unit in particular for rail vehicles, comprises two caliper levers, a brake cylinder, brake linings and a wear sensor device.
  • the wear sensor device has at least one sensor and one evaluation unit, with the at least one sensor directly or indirectly detecting a position and a relative change in position of a tong lever and being connected to the evaluation unit.
  • Direct detection is realized in that the at least one sensor is connected to a component of the brake caliper unit and detects its position in relation to a stationary part or a stationary reference line. Indirect detection occurs in that the sensor detects the movement of a part that causes a change in the position of a component of the brake caliper unit.
  • a method for determining wear of brake pads and brake disc of a brake caliper unit of a disc brake, in particular for rail vehicles, comprising two caliper levers, a brake cylinder, brake pads and a wear sensor device has the procedural steps: (VS1) detecting positions and relative changes in position Components of the brake caliper unit with at least one sensor during braking; (VS2) generating measurement signals based on the measured values recorded and forwarding the measurement signals to an evaluation unit; and (VS3) evaluation of the measurement signals by the evaluation unit in such a way that the wear values for pad wear and disc wear of the brake caliper unit summed up in the measurement signals are determined.
  • a particular advantage here is that an automatic determination not only of pad wear but also of disc wear is easily possible.
  • the at least one sensor wear sensor device is an angle sensor that is arranged in a joint of one of the caliper levers and detects an angle between a stationary reference line of the brake caliper unit and a reference line of the caliper lever.
  • Angle sensors are inexpensive, commercially available components with high quality and easy installation options. A special and costly adaptation to the installation environment is not necessary.
  • At least one additional sensor of the wear sensor device is an angle sensor, which is arranged in a joint of one or both suspension brackets, which connect the brake pad holder with the brake pads of the brake caliper unit attached thereto and an associated bogie, and measures an angle between a fixed vertical reference lines and a reference line of the associated hanging bracket.
  • the at least one sensor can be a displacement sensor and can detect longitudinal movements of a piston rod of a brake cylinder. This is advantageously easy to implement.
  • a displacement sensor is also a commercially available, low-cost component with high quality
  • the at least one sensor can alternatively or additionally be a travel sensor and detect a distance between the joints of the caliper levers, between which the brake cylinder or an adjustment device is arranged. This is also advantageously easy to implement.
  • the at least one sensor of the wear sensor device is an angle sensor that measures the relative angular movements of an eccentric gear with an eccentricity relative to a housing or a crank arm of the eccentric gear relative to the housing or a crank arm. Ner piston rod of a brake cylinder recorded relative to the crank arm of the eccentric gear.
  • a so-called compact brake caliper unit can also be advantageously provided with the wear sensor device, with further attachment points for further sensors being present, in particular for the advantageous plausibility check of measured values recorded.
  • the at least one sensor of the wear sensor device can be an angle sensor that detects the relative movements in the parallel guide device of the brake caliper unit.
  • This sensor can advantageously be provided as the only sensor of the wear sensor device or as an additional sensor for plausibility checking purposes.
  • the at least one sensor has at least one electrically variable resistance, inductive, capacitive, optical functional elements or combinations thereof.
  • An electrically variable resistor e.g. as a potentiometer, does not lose its setting and thus the measured value recorded in the event of a power failure.
  • Corresponding memories can be provided in the evaluation device for the other versions.
  • the brake caliper unit is designed for a pneumatic disc brake. This is advantageous since most rail vehicles are equipped with compressed air.
  • the at least one sensor is an angle sensor and detects angles and angle changes between a caliper lever and a stationary reference line and/or between a lever bracket of the brake caliper unit with respect to a stationary reference line.
  • the sensor records the measured value both statically and dynamically and is designed to save space.
  • a further embodiment provides that the at least one sensor is a travel sensor and detects a travel of a piston rod of a brake cylinder of the brake caliper unit or a distance between joints of the caliper lever between which the brake cylinder or an adjustment device is arranged.
  • the evaluation unit compares the determined wear values with previously stored limit values for changing pads and discs and outputs displays, warnings, etc. on suitable media according to the comparison results. This enables a simple and effective determination of wear.
  • the evaluation unit evaluates the measurement signals in such a way that information about the route or the sine curve, which continuously deflects the train wheel set from its starting position, is determined.
  • One advantage here is the extended functionality of the evaluation unit. Additional devices are not required for this.
  • the evaluation unit uses their measurement signals in an arrangement of several sensors to check the plausibility of the determined wear values, since in this way an error rate of the determined values can be reduced.
  • the evaluation unit uses the measurement signal(s) supplied by the sensor(s) to detect the loss of a brake pad and/or to check whether the brake caliper unit is actuated or released.
  • the functionality of the evaluation unit can thus be advantageously expanded.
  • the evaluation unit uses comparative values to determine wear of the brake pads and brake disc of the entire disc brake from all the measured values recorded and the wear values determined from them.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic plan view of a conventional brake caliper unit
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic perspective view of a first exemplary embodiment of a brake caliper unit according to the invention with a wear sensor device; 3-4 kinematic diagrams of the brake caliper unit of the first exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 2 in various states of wear;
  • FIG. 5 shows a schematic view of the brake caliper unit according to the invention according to FIG. 4 in the installed state
  • FIG. 6-7 schematic top views of a second exemplary embodiment of the brake caliper unit according to the invention in the form of a compact brake caliper unit with a wear sensor device;
  • Figure 8 is a schematic plan view of a variation of the second
  • Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of wear graphs.
  • FIG. 10 shows a schematic flow diagram of an exemplary embodiment of a method according to the invention.
  • Figure 1 shows a schematic top view of a conventional brake caliper unit 1.
  • Coordinates x, y, z are used in the figures for orientation.
  • the coordinate x runs in the longitudinal direction of the brake caliper unit 1, the coordinate y transversely to it, the coordinate z forming a vertical direction here.
  • Other positions of the brake caliper unit 1 are of course also possible.
  • the brake caliper unit 1 forms a disc brake for a rail vehicle and here includes two double-sided caliper levers 2, 3, two brake pads 4, 5, pull rod 6 and a brake cylinder 7.
  • the double-sided caliper levers 2, 3 each point in two horizontal planes ( xy plane) two lever sections 2a, 2b; 3a, 3b up.
  • the tong levers 2, 3 are attached with a respective joint B so that they can pivot about a respective lever axis in the z direction.
  • the joints B are each connected in the two horizontal planes by a connecting rod 6 and in the vertical direction by a vertical rod 16 (see Fig Figure 2) connected.
  • the brake pads 4, 5 are pivotably mounted in joints A via pad holders on the free ends of the caliper levers 2, 3.
  • the brake cylinder 7 is articulated in joints C with or without a wear adjuster.
  • the brake cylinder 7 can, for example, pneumatically, hydraulically, electromechanically or the like. be driven.
  • the brake linings 4, 5 are arranged on both sides of a brake disk 13 (not shown here) (see FIG. 2), which is designed as a shaft brake disk or wheel brake disk 13' (see FIG. 5).
  • the brake cylinder 7 is activated when the brake is applied and increases the distance in the y-direction between the joints C. Since the tie rods 6 fix the positions of the caliper levers 2, 3 in the joints B, the distance in y-direction between the brake pads 4, 5 and their joints A is reduced. The brake pads 4, 5 are pressed against the brake disc 13.
  • the brake cylinder 7 When the brake is released, the brake cylinder 7 is not actuated, the distance between the joints C is therefore reduced, and the distance between the pad holders, i.e. the brake pads 4, 5 and their joints A is increased. The brake pads 4, 5 are no longer pressed against the brake disc 13.
  • the use of a wear adjuster ensures that the brake play, which is also referred to as the clearance, is kept constant during the period of operation when the brake is released.
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic perspective view of a first exemplary embodiment of a brake caliper unit 1 according to the invention with a wear sensor device 10.
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 show kinematic diagrams of the brake caliper unit 1 of the first exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 2 in various states of wear. For better differentiation of the individual joints A, B, C, these are each different with A1, A2; B1 , B2 and C1 , C2 denoted.
  • each joint A1, A2; B1 , B2; C1, C2 each have a joint axis A10, A20 running in the z-direction (here in the vertical direction); B10, B20; C10, C20.
  • the brake caliper unit 1 according to the invention has the wear sensor device 10 .
  • the wear sensor device 10 here comprises two sensors 11 and an evaluation unit 12.
  • the sensors 11 are in the form of angle sensors and are fitted in the joints B1 and B2.
  • the sensors 11 can have electrically variable resistances (potentiometers), inductive (Hall sensors), capacitive, optical functional elements or combinations thereof.
  • the sensors 11 detect changes in angles ßi, ßa of the caliper lever 2, 3 to an imaginary, stationary reference line 8.
  • the imaginary reference line 8 and another imaginary reference line 8a of the caliper lever 3 are indicated in FIG. Reference line 8 connects joints B1 and B2.
  • Reference line 8a passes through joints B2 and C2.
  • another reference line, not shown here, of the other tong lever 2 results, which will be explained in detail in connection with FIGS. 3 and 4.
  • both sensors 11 can be fixed either in the joints C1, C2 or in the joints A1, A2.
  • Each sensor 11 is connected to the evaluation unit 12 via a connecting line L.
  • the connecting line L stands for an electrically conductive line, an optical transmission path, a wireless transmission path (e.g. radio, ultrasonic) or the like.
  • the evaluation unit 12 receives measurement signals generated by the sensors 11 as a function of the measured angles and the angle changes and evaluates them to detect the wear of the brake caliper unit 1 . This is further described below.
  • the evaluation unit 12 delivers electrical supply energy to the sensors 11.
  • sensors 11 connected wirelessly to the evaluation unit 12 these are equipped with appropriate electrical energy storage devices, eg accumulators
  • FIG. 2 also shows hanging brackets 14, 15, which connect the brake pad holder and a bogie (not shown) of the rail vehicle on which the brake caliper unit 1 is arranged.
  • Each hanging strap 14, 15 has two hanging axles 14a, 14b; 15a, 15b, which each run in the x-direction.
  • the suspension brackets 14, 15 are connected to the bogie in joints D1 and D2.
  • the hanging brackets 14, 15 are pivotably connected to the brake caliper unit 1 via further joints E1 and E2.
  • FIG. 3 shows the kinematic diagram of the brake caliper unit 1 of the first exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 2 when new and without wear.
  • Figure 4 shows the state of wear in a kinematic scheme.
  • the caliper levers 2, 3 are with their lever sections 2a, 2b; 3a, 3b shown only schematically with straight lines. These lever geometries and the pull rod 6 are each regarded as stiff.
  • a distance a is indicated between the joints A1 and A2 which the brake pads 4, 5 have.
  • a further distance c referred to here as a further reference line 9, lies between the joints C1 and C2, between which the brake cylinder 7 is fitted.
  • the stationary reference line 8 corresponds to the schematic pull rod 6.
  • the angle ⁇ is enclosed between the lever sections 2a, 2b around the joint B1.
  • this angle ⁇ is constant and is divided by the reference line 8 into two partial angles ⁇ 1, ⁇ 2.
  • the lever section 2b of the caliper lever 2 and the reference line 8 enclose the angle ⁇ i, whereas the lever section 2a of the caliper lever 2 and the reference line 8 enclose the angle ⁇ z.
  • these angular relationships are present as in joint B1, but they are not entered here, since the explanations for joint B1 also apply to joint B2.
  • the reference lines 8 and 9 are parallel to each other and perpendicular in the y-coordinate to the x-coordinate.
  • a central plane 13a of the brake disc 13 lies in the longitudinal axis of the brake caliper unit 1.
  • the lever section 2a and the reference line 9 enclose an angle ⁇ in the joint C1. This also applies to joint C2.
  • the sensor 11 of the wear sensor device 10 is shown here symbolically as a small box around the joint B1.
  • the sensor 11 can detect both the angle ßi, the angle ßa or both in each case to the stationary reference line 8.
  • FIG. 4 shows the condition of the brake caliper unit 1 schematically when the brake pads 4, 5 and the brake disc 13 are worn.
  • the distance a is reduced to a distance a' due to the wear of the brake pads 4, 5 and the brake disc 13.
  • the partial angles ⁇ ′1 and ⁇ ′2 have arisen in the process, but they are different from the partial angles ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 2′ in the state without wear.
  • the distance c is increased to a distance c'.
  • the angle y' has decreased compared to the angle y to this.
  • the distance a can be determined based on the geometry and thus the wear of the brake pads 4, 5 and the brake disk 13.
  • the additional sensors 11 can serve to check the plausibility of the determined value for the wear.
  • Figure 5 shows a schematic view of the brake caliper unit 1 according to the invention as shown in Figure 4 in the installed state with a wheel brake disc 13' within a wheel R.
  • accumulated wear of the brake pads 4, 5 and the brake disc 13, 13' can also be determined by measuring the relative movements, i.e. changes in angles, in the joints D1, D2; E1, E2 of one or both hanging straps 14, 15 about the respective associated hanging axis 14a, 14b; 15a, 15b, which connects the brake pad holder with the brake pads 4, 5 attached thereto and the bogie.
  • stationary vertical reference lines 8b and reference lines 8c of the movable hanging brackets 14, 15 each enclose an angle to be measured.
  • the reference lines 8b and the reference lines 8c intersect in the hanging axes 14a, 15a of the joints D1, D2.
  • the reference lines 8c each run through the hanging axis 14a of the joint D1 and through the hanging axis 15a of the joint D2.
  • further pairs of reference lines which are not shown here but are easy to imagine, can run through the hanging axes 14b, 15b of the joints E1 and E2 if, for example, sensors 11 are fitted in the joints E1, E2.
  • At least one, preferably two or more sensors 11 can be used as angle sensors, which are connected to the evaluation unit 12 .
  • these sensors 11 alone or together with the other sensors 11 in the joints A1, A2; B1 , B2; C1, C2 are used.
  • the use of the sensor device 10 according to the invention makes it possible to record information that goes beyond the wear. This can be information about the route or the sine wave, which the train wheel set continuously deflects from its initial position. In the case of the brake caliper units 1, these movements act on the hanging brackets 14, 15 or in the case of compact brake calipers (see Figure 6) on the caliper levers 2, 3,
  • Such information can be compared and evaluated by means of the evaluation unit 12 from the measurement signals of the sensors 11 used in connection with previously stored data from the train control, e.g. about the course of the route. In this way, deviations from normal behavior of the measurement signals during train operation can be detected. Appropriate warnings and measures can be taken at an early stage.
  • FIG. 6 shows a schematic top view of a second exemplary embodiment of the brake caliper unit 1 according to the invention in the form of a compact brake caliper unit 1 with a wear sensor device 10 .
  • Figure 7 shows an underside of the second embodiment according to Figure 6.
  • This brake caliper unit 1 is also called a compact brake caliper unit 1 . It comprises two caliper levers 2, 3, one end of each of which is connected to the brake pads 4, 5 via their pad holders in the joints A1, A2 and the other end is connected to an adjusting device 25 arranged between the joints C1, C2.
  • the central parts of the caliper levers 2, 3 are coupled to a housing 6a in joints B1, B2, the coupling point of the caliper lever 3 in joint B2 having the form of a simple pivot bearing 17.
  • the coupling point of the other caliper lever 2 is formed in the joint B1 as an eccentric gear 20 which is moved by a piston rod 23 of a brake cylinder 24 in the housing 6a via a crank arm 22 in the direction of the two caliper levers 2, 3.
  • the piston rod 23 is pivotally connected to the crank arm 22 in a pivot axis 23a.
  • the pivot axis 23a runs in the z-direction.
  • the eccentric gear 20 has a shaft 18 which is rotatable about an axis of rotation 18a in the housing 6a.
  • the axis of rotation 18a is provided with an eccentricity 21, which is directed obliquely backwards and outwards away from the brake disc 13, and carries a pin 19.
  • An axis of the pin 19 is the steering axis B10 of the joint B1.
  • the eccentric gear 22 enables a high power conversion ratio with relatively short caliper levers 2, 3.
  • the compact brake caliper unit 1 of a rail vehicle comprises one or more sensors 11 in the articulation points (A1, A2; B1, B2; C1, C2) or in the articulated connections of the eccentric gear 20 or between a joint head 23a of the piston rod 23 of the brake cylinder 24 and the Crank arm 22.
  • these sensors 11 can be angle sensors.
  • At least one sensor 11 of the wear sensor device 10 as an angle sensor detects the relative angular movements of the eccentric gear 20 with the eccentricity 21 relative to the housing 6a or of the crank arm 22 relative to the housing 6a or of the piston rod 23 relative to the crank arm 22 .
  • the wear can be determined (also additionally) in that the longitudinal movements of the piston rod 23 of the brake cylinder 24 are detected by means of a travel sensor 11a.
  • a travel sensor 11a is connected to the evaluation unit 12 in the manner described above. It is designed, for example, as a linear potentiometer, inductive or capacitive displacement sensor, or/and as an optical displacement sensor.
  • FIG. 8 shows a schematic plan view of a variation of the second exemplary embodiment according to FIGS. 6 to 7.
  • the wear of the brake pads 4, 5 of the brake caliper unit 1 can be determined by detecting the relative movements in a parallel guide device 26 of the brake caliper unit 1.
  • This can be realized, for example, by using gear wheels 27 which engage with toothed sections 37a of parallel links 37, for example.
  • the gears 27 are in turn connected directly or indirectly to sensors 11, in particular special angle sensors, coupled.
  • the gear wheels 27 each have axes 27a, which here are parallel to the axes of the joints A1, A2; B1 , B2; C1, C2 run.
  • the parallel guide device 26 comprises two parts:
  • a guide device 26 with a guide slot 26a which is rigidly connected to the housing 6a (or can also be part of the housing 6a)
  • the parallel links 37 which are rigidly connected to the pad holders of the brake pads 4, 5 (or can also be part of the respective pad holder), and are guided in the guide slot 26a.
  • the guidance of the guide device 26 is designed in such a way that the pad holder always remains at right angles to the housing 6a, regardless of the position of a main lever. This is achieved by guiding the caliper levers 2, 3 in the guide slots 26a with the same radius as the main lever between the housing 6a and pad holder.
  • a rotation of a respective gear wheel 27 about its axis 27a has a rotation angle s, which can be measured and used for measuring wear.
  • FIG. 9 shows a schematic diagram 28 of wear graphs of the brake caliper unit 1.
  • the measurement signal S of one or more sensors 11 of the wear sensor device 10 of the brake caliper unit 1 is plotted as a function of time t.
  • the measurement signal S is received by the evaluation unit 12, amplified and evaluated. Evaluation results are forwarded by the evaluation unit 12 to suitable display, data processing and storage devices.
  • the measurement signal S shows the longitudinal or angular movements and corresponds to the sum of the wear on the brake pads 4, 5, the brake disc 13 and the clearance.
  • the braking process curve 29 (applying the brake, releasing the brake) progresses in the shape of a rhombus towards higher wear values if the measurement signal S is recorded continuously.
  • Reference number 30 designates a braking stroke when applying the brake.
  • a pad wear graph 31 runs like a triangular function, increasing up to a maximum wear value of pad wear 33, at which pad change of the brake pads 4, 5 then takes place.
  • a disc wear graph 34 has an elongated sawtooth profile.
  • a change of the brake disc 13 is only required as a disc change 35 after a number of lining changes 32 when the disc wear 36 is at its maximum.
  • the form of the measurement signal 3 of the brake lining wear 31 is also a sawtooth profile, but the brake linings 4, 5 have to be changed more frequently than the brake disc 13.
  • FIG. 10 shows a schematic flow chart of an exemplary embodiment of a method according to the invention for detecting wear on brake linings 4, 5 and brake discs 13, 13′ of brake caliper unit 1.
  • a first method step VS1 positions and the relative changes in position of brake caliper components such as caliper levers 2, 3 are detected with at least one sensor 11 during braking processes
  • the at least one sensor 11 is an angle sensor and detects angles and angle changes between a caliper lever 2, 3 and a stationary reference line 8 and/or between a lever lug 14, 15 of the brake caliper unit 1 with respect to a stationary reference line 8b.
  • the at least one sensor 11a can also be a travel sensor and detects a travel of a piston rod 23 of a brake cylinder 24 of the brake caliper unit 1. It is also possible for a sensor 11 to be an angle sensor and another sensor 11a to be a travel sensor. In a second method step VS2, the at least one sensor 11 generates measurement signals S based on the recorded measurement values and forwards them to an evaluation unit 12.
  • the evaluation unit 12 evaluates the measurement signals S in such a way that the wear values for lining wear and disc wear of the brake caliper unit 1 summed up in the measurement signals S are determined.
  • the wear values are then compared with previously stored limit values for changing pads and discs. According to the comparison results, displays, warnings, etc. are output on suitable media.
  • the measurement signals can be evaluated in such a way that information about the route or the sine curve, which continuously deflects the train wheel set from its starting position, can be determined.
  • the measurement signal(s) supplied by the sensors 11, 11a can also be used to detect the loss of a brake pad 4, 5 and/or to check whether the brake caliper unit 1 is actuated or ge - solves is.
  • the evaluation unit 12 can also use comparison values to determine wear of the entire brake caliper unit 1 from all of the measured values recorded and the wear values determined from them.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Braking Arrangements (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une unité d'étrier de frein (1) d'un frein à disque, en particulier pour des véhicules ferroviaires, comprenant deux leviers d'étrier (2, 3), un cylindre de frein (7, 24), des garnitures de frein (4, 5) et un dispositif de détection d'usure (10). Le dispositif de détection d'usure (10) présente au moins un capteur (11, 11a) et une unité d'analyse (12), l'au moins un capteur (11, 11a) détectant directement ou indirectement la position et un changement de la position relative d'un levier d'étrier (2, 3) et étant raccordé à l'unité d'analyse (12). L'invention concerne également un procédé de détermination de l'usure de garnitures de frein (4, 5) et d'un disque de frein (13, 13') d'une unité d'étrier de frein.
PCT/EP2021/073666 2020-09-22 2021-08-26 Unité d'étrier de frein comprenant un dispositif de détection d'usure, procédé de détection de l'usure de garnitures de frein et disque de frein d'une unité d'étrier de frein WO2022063518A1 (fr)

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DE102020124645.5A DE102020124645A1 (de) 2020-09-22 2020-09-22 Bremszangeneinheit mit einer Verschleißsensorvorrichtung, und Verfahren zum Erfassen von Verschleiß von Bremsbelägen und Brems-scheibe einer Bremszangeneinheit
DE102020124645.5 2020-09-22

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DE102022123991A1 (de) 2022-09-19 2024-03-21 Knorr-Bremse Systeme für Schienenfahrzeuge GmbH Anordnung einer Systemkomponente eines Schienenfahrzeugs mit intelligenter Steckverbindung (Smart Plug) und ein Schienenfahrzeug mit einer solchen Anordnung

Citations (7)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5501305A (en) * 1993-09-08 1996-03-26 Knorr-Bremse Ag Device for generating a reversible working stroke
EP0777598B1 (fr) 1994-09-02 1998-10-21 Knorr-Bremse Systeme für Schienenfahrzeuge GmbH Ensemble etrier pour freins a disques de vehicules, notamment de vehicules sur rails
EP1640233A1 (fr) * 2004-09-20 2006-03-29 Faiveley Transport Remscheid GmbH Appareil et procédé pour surveiller le fonctionnement d'un étrier de frein
EP2669543A2 (fr) * 2012-05-30 2013-12-04 Tüschen & Zimmermann GmbH & Co. KG Dispositif de ventilation et d'actionnement automatique d'un système de frein
DE102013213618A1 (de) * 2013-07-11 2015-01-15 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Bremsvorrichtung
WO2018178018A1 (fr) 2017-03-27 2018-10-04 Knorr-Bremse Systeme für Schienenfahrzeuge GmbH Dispositif frein à disque de véhicule à détection de l'usure des garnitures de frein
JP2020097958A (ja) * 2018-12-17 2020-06-25 ナブテスコ株式会社 摩耗量算出装置、異常摩耗判定装置、及びブレーキ装置

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102008031071B4 (de) 2008-07-01 2010-12-09 Pintsch Bubenzer Gmbh Vorrichtung zur Stellwegüberwachung
DE102016107319A1 (de) 2016-04-20 2017-10-26 Knorr-Bremse Systeme für Schienenfahrzeuge GmbH Bremseinrichtung für ein Schienenfahrzeug und Verfahren zum Bestimmen eines Bremsmoments einer solchen Bremseinrichtung
EP3784921B1 (fr) 2018-04-25 2024-06-05 KNORR-BREMSE Systeme für Nutzfahrzeuge GmbH Procédé servant à afficher un changement de garniture de frein imminent d'un frein de véhicule

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5501305A (en) * 1993-09-08 1996-03-26 Knorr-Bremse Ag Device for generating a reversible working stroke
EP0777598B1 (fr) 1994-09-02 1998-10-21 Knorr-Bremse Systeme für Schienenfahrzeuge GmbH Ensemble etrier pour freins a disques de vehicules, notamment de vehicules sur rails
EP1640233A1 (fr) * 2004-09-20 2006-03-29 Faiveley Transport Remscheid GmbH Appareil et procédé pour surveiller le fonctionnement d'un étrier de frein
EP2669543A2 (fr) * 2012-05-30 2013-12-04 Tüschen & Zimmermann GmbH & Co. KG Dispositif de ventilation et d'actionnement automatique d'un système de frein
DE102013213618A1 (de) * 2013-07-11 2015-01-15 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Bremsvorrichtung
WO2018178018A1 (fr) 2017-03-27 2018-10-04 Knorr-Bremse Systeme für Schienenfahrzeuge GmbH Dispositif frein à disque de véhicule à détection de l'usure des garnitures de frein
JP2020097958A (ja) * 2018-12-17 2020-06-25 ナブテスコ株式会社 摩耗量算出装置、異常摩耗判定装置、及びブレーキ装置

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