WO2022062767A1 - 一种逆变装置及其功率控制方法 - Google Patents

一种逆变装置及其功率控制方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022062767A1
WO2022062767A1 PCT/CN2021/113050 CN2021113050W WO2022062767A1 WO 2022062767 A1 WO2022062767 A1 WO 2022062767A1 CN 2021113050 W CN2021113050 W CN 2021113050W WO 2022062767 A1 WO2022062767 A1 WO 2022062767A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
inverter
radiator
air
fan
boost
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PCT/CN2021/113050
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
倪泽联
赵晓航
朱少帅
刘梦
Original Assignee
科华数据股份有限公司
漳州科华技术有限责任公司
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Publication of WO2022062767A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022062767A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/003—Constructional details, e.g. physical layout, assembly, wiring or busbar connections
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
    • H05K7/00—Constructional details common to different types of electric apparatus
    • H05K7/20—Modifications to facilitate cooling, ventilating, or heating
    • H05K7/2089—Modifications to facilitate cooling, ventilating, or heating for power electronics, e.g. for inverters for controlling motor
    • H05K7/20909—Forced ventilation, e.g. on heat dissipaters coupled to components

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of inverter technology, in particular to an inverter device and a power control method thereof.
  • Inverter devices with inverter circuits usually include a booster circuit and an inverter circuit coupled with each other. Both the booster circuit and the inverter circuit are provided with power inductors and power switches (such as IGBTs), and most of the heat generated by the inverter device during operation comes from the above two devices, although the prior art presents many A heat dissipation structure is used to dissipate heat to the above-mentioned devices, but it is still difficult to solve the defects of low heat dissipation capability and heat dissipation efficiency of the existing inverter device.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to overcome at least one defect or problem existing in the background art, and to provide an inverter device and a power control method thereof, which have high heat dissipation capability and heat dissipation efficiency.
  • the first technical solution of the present invention provides an inverter device, which includes: a casing; a power module, which is arranged in the casing and includes a boost power switch tube and an inverter power switch tube; a heat dissipation structure, which is arranged in the casing and includes a fan, a booster radiator and an inverter radiator; the fan blows air in a first direction, and the booster radiator and the inverter radiator are both arranged in the The air outlet side of the fan is respectively used to dissipate heat for the boost power switch tube and the inverter power switch tube; wherein, the projection of the boost radiator and the inverter radiator along the first direction is at least partially overlapping, and along the air supply direction of the fan, the boost radiator is disposed closer to the fan than the inverter radiator.
  • the present invention also has a second technical solution: the boost radiator has boost radiating teeth, the inverter radiator has inverter radiating teeth; the teeth height of the inverter radiating teeth is higher than The tooth height of the boosting heat dissipation tooth.
  • the present invention also has a third technical solution: the heat dissipation structure includes a plurality of the booster heat sinks arranged at intervals along a second direction orthogonal to the first direction, at least two booster heat sinks An air passage extending along the first direction is formed between the devices; the inverter radiator at least partially faces the air passage along the first direction.
  • the present invention also has a fourth technical solution: the power module includes a plurality of power devices, and the plurality of power devices include the boost power switch tube and the inverter power switch tube; the heat dissipation structure includes A plurality of the fans are arranged at intervals along the second direction, and there is a fan among the plurality of fans, the air outlet side of which faces the air passage.
  • the present invention also has a fifth technical solution: the plurality of power devices further include boost power inductors; the heat dissipation structure further includes a plurality of input inductors disposed on the air inlet side of each fan The radiator is used to dissipate heat for the boost power inductor; among the multiple fans, the air outlet side faces the blower of the air passage, and the air inlet side faces the gap between the two input inductor radiators.
  • the present invention also has a sixth technical solution: the boosted heat sink has a boosted heat dissipation base plate and a plurality of boosted heat dissipation teeth; the boosted heat dissipation base plate is perpendicular to the third direction It is arranged that the plurality of boosting heat dissipation teeth are arranged at intervals along the second direction, and their tooth height directions are all parallel to a third direction, and the third direction is orthogonal to both the first direction and the second direction; so
  • the inverter radiator has an inverter heat dissipation base plate and an inverter boost heat dissipation tooth; the inverter heat dissipation base plate is arranged perpendicular to the third direction, and the plurality of inverter heat dissipation teeth are arranged at intervals along the second direction and The tooth height directions thereof are all parallel to the third direction.
  • the present invention also has a seventh technical solution: further comprising a wind guide structure fixed in the casing, the wind guide structure comprising a first wind guide plate arranged perpendicular to the third direction; a second air deflector; the first air deflector is partially covered on the boost radiator along the third direction, and is disposed adjacent to the tip of the boost radiator teeth; the second air deflector The plate is partially covered on the inverter radiator along the third direction, and is disposed adjacent to the tooth tops of the inverter radiator teeth.
  • the present invention also has an eighth technical solution: the air guide structure further includes a third air guide plate; the third air guide plate is located on the first air guide plate in the first direction and the fan, it is parallel to the second direction and is arranged at an angle with the first direction and the third direction, so as to guide the air flow of the fan to the first air deflector towards the side of the boost heat sink.
  • the present invention also provides a ninth technical solution: a power control method for an inverter device, which is used to control the output power of the inverter device according to the fourth or fifth technical solution;
  • the power control method includes: collecting the temperature of each power device and/or each radiator, and monitoring whether each fan fails; when it is detected that the temperature of the inverter radiator and/or the inverter power switch tube exceeds a preset range, judging The blower with the outlet side facing the wind passage fails, and the output power is reduced to the first threshold within the first period; when it is detected that the temperature of other radiators and/or other power devices exceeds the corresponding preset value
  • a threshold wherein the second threshold is higher than the first threshold.
  • the present invention also has a tenth technical solution: the first threshold value is 50% of the rated output power of the inverter device.
  • the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
  • the booster radiator is arranged closer to the fan along the air supply direction of the fan than the inverter radiator, so that the air flow passing through the booster radiator can still dissipate heat to the inverter radiator, It can adapt to the larger heat dissipation demand of the inverter power switch tube, and make the projections of the booster radiator and the inverter radiator along the first direction at least partially overlap, thereby reducing the inverter device perpendicular to the blowing direction of the fan space occupied.
  • the tooth height of the inverter radiator teeth of the inverter radiator is higher than that of the booster radiator teeth of the booster radiator. Part of the air supply air can directly dissipate heat to the inverter radiator, which can further adapt to the inverter power. Switch tubes have greater heat dissipation requirements.
  • the inverter radiator is at least partially facing the air passage in the first direction, and part of the air supply air may not pass through the booster radiator, and directly exchange heat with the inverter radiator at lower temperature and higher airflow speed , the temperature difference is large and the wind resistance is small, which can effectively increase the convective heat transfer of the inverter radiator; due to the limitation of the circuit topology and the layout of the PCB board, the distance between the inverter radiator and the fan in the vertical direction is basically fixed, and the reverse The heat generation of the variable power switch tube is relatively large, so the setting of the air passage allows the fan to effectively dissipate heat to the inverter radiator and reduce the high temperature point of the inverter device.
  • the power control process has a gradient characteristic.
  • the failure of the fan is not distinguished, and the output power will be greatly reduced when the local temperature rises due to the failure of any fan, which is more in line with the actual operating conditions of the inverter device, which can effectively improve the average output power of the inverter device.
  • the external ambient temperature is lower than the design maximum temperature of the inverter device, it can also work at nearly full load.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an inverter device according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is another perspective view of the inverter device according to the embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is an exploded perspective view of an inverter device housing and an air guide structure according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a perspective view of an inverter device according to an embodiment of the present invention with a rear cover and a frame hidden;
  • Fig. 5 is the rear view of the structure shown in Fig. 4;
  • Fig. 6 is the left side view of the structure shown in Fig. 4;
  • FIG. 7 is a perspective view of the rear cover plate and the air guide structure of the inverter device after assembly according to the embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a perspective view of the inverter device according to the embodiment of the present invention with the rear cover plate and the air guide structure hidden;
  • Fig. 10 is another perspective view of the inverter device according to the embodiment of the present invention with the rear cover plate and the air guide structure hidden;
  • Figure 11 is a rear view of the structure shown in Figures 9 and 10;
  • FIG. 12 is a left side view of the structure shown in FIGS. 9 and 10 .
  • Housing 10 front cover 11, box 12, frame 13, rear cover 14, surrounding wall 121, bottom plate 122, fan mounting frame 131, first chamber 15, first air inlet 161, second inlet Air port 162, first air outlet 171, second air outlet 172;
  • Air guide structure 30 First air guide 31 , second air guide 32 , third air guide 33 , first air guide 311 , third air guide 312 , second air guide 321 , fourth guide Air deflector 331 , fifth air deflector 332 , sixth air deflector 333 .
  • connection or "fixed connection” should be used in a broad sense, that is, there is no displacement relationship and relative rotation relationship between the two.
  • Any connection means that is to say, including non-removable fixed connection, detachable fixed connection, integrated and fixed connection through other devices or elements.
  • An embodiment of the present invention provides an inverter device, which is specifically a photovoltaic inverter, and includes a casing 10, a power module (not shown in the figure), a heat dissipation structure and a wind guide structure 30.
  • the direction index introduces the inverter devices according to the embodiments of the present invention one by one.
  • the casing 10 has a rectangular box structure, which includes a front cover 11 , a box 12 , a frame 13 and a rear cover that are sequentially fixed along the front and rear directions (ie, the third direction). 14.
  • the front cover 11 is substantially plate-shaped, the box body 12 has a surrounding wall 121 and a bottom plate 122, the front cover 11 is fixed to the surrounding wall 121 and is opposite to the bottom plate 122, so that the The front cover 11 and the box body 12 together form a second chamber (not shown in the figure).
  • the frame body 13 has a fan mounting frame 131 arranged in the lateral direction (ie, the left-right direction, the second direction), which is fixed to the rear side of the box body 12; the rear cover 14 is fixed to the frame the rear side of the body 13 . In this way, the rear cover plate 14 , the frame body 13 and the bottom plate 122 of the box body 12 together form a first chamber 15 .
  • the second chamber is used for accommodating at least part of the power module, the first chamber 15 and the second chamber are spaced apart from each other in the front-rear direction and are used for accommodating the heat dissipation structure and the air guide structure 30 .
  • the second chamber is an electrical area for storing electronic devices
  • the first chamber 15 is a heat-dissipating area for storing heat-dissipating components.
  • the electrical area and the heat-dissipating area are separated and arranged in such a way that the wiring and The arrangement is relatively neat and beautiful, and it can also better prevent the influence of dust and droplets in the outside air introduced during heat dissipation on electronic devices, and has a good protective effect.
  • the first chamber 15 communicates with the outside through several air inlets and several air outlets (not shown in FIG. 3 ), so as to introduce air from the outside to dissipate heat from the power module and discharge the heated high-temperature gas out of the casing 10 .
  • the lower portion of the frame body 13 is provided with a plurality of first air inlets 161 for taking air in the vertical direction
  • the upper portion of the frame body 13 is provided with a plurality of first air outlets 171
  • the lower portion of the rear cover 14 is also provided with a plurality of second air inlets 162 for taking air in the front-rear direction
  • the upper portion of the rear cover 14 is provided with a plurality of second air outlets 172 .
  • the outside air enters the first chamber 15 from the bottom and the rear lower part of the housing 10 and flows in the first chamber 15 in a substantially vertical direction (ie, the up-down direction, the first direction), and when changing The heat is discharged out of the casing 10 from the top and the rear upper part of the casing 10 .
  • the first, second and third directions are orthogonal to each other.
  • the power module is set in the housing 10 and includes a booster unit and an inverter unit.
  • the booster unit is connected to the photovoltaic module and the voltage is boosted and then connected to the inverter unit.
  • the direct current is converted into alternating current and then connected to the grid or load.
  • the power device of the boost unit includes a boost power inductor and a boost power switch tube (such as an IGBT tube) coupled to each other, and the power device of the inverter unit includes an inverter power inductor and an inverter coupled to each other.
  • Variable power switch tube such as IGBT tube).
  • the boosting unit includes a boosting PCB board
  • the inverter unit includes an inverter PCB board
  • both the boosting PCB board and the inverter PCB board are arranged in the second chamber.
  • the boosting power switch tube is carried on the boosting PCB board
  • the inverter power switching tube is correspondingly carried on the inverter PCB board.
  • the boosting power inductor and the inverter power inductor in this embodiment, they are respectively integrated with the corresponding cooling device.
  • the boost power inductor and the inverter power inductor both adopt the potting process, the inductor winding is placed in the inductor housing, and the heat-conducting packaging material is filled inside, and the heat generated by the inductor winding is transferred to the heat-conducting packaging material.
  • the inductor casing is used to dissipate the heat through the inductor casing, thereby reducing the space occupied by the power inductor and the corresponding cooling device in the inverter device, and having better heat dissipation effect.
  • each power inductor is correspondingly disposed in the first chamber 15 .
  • the power inductor is not provided on the PCB board, it is also necessary to use a wire to electrically connect the power inductor and the corresponding power switch tube so that the two are electrically coupled.
  • the connection relationship of each power device is not limited here, and since this application does not focus on the electrical part of the inverter device, neither does the electrical structure and working principle of the power module.
  • the heat dissipation structure includes four input inductor radiators, two boost radiators, one inverter radiator 23, three output inductor radiators and five fans.
  • each radiator is fixed on the bottom plate 122 of the box body 12
  • each fan is fixed on the fan mounting frame 131 of the frame body 13 .
  • the four input inductor heat sinks are arranged at the bottom of the first chamber 15 at horizontal intervals, and are adjacent to the first air inlet 161 provided on the frame body 13 and the first air inlet 161 provided on the rear cover 14 .
  • the second air inlet 162 is arranged to receive air flow in different directions for convective heat exchange, and the heat dissipation is large.
  • the fan mounting frame 131 of the frame body 13 divides the first chamber 15 into two sub-regions, the upper and lower sub-regions. Since the outside air flows vertically from bottom to top, the sub-region above the fan mounting frame 131 is located. is the air outlet side of the fan, and the sub-area below the fan mounting frame 131 is the air inlet side of the fan.
  • the four input inductors are all located in the lower sub-region, that is, on the air inlet side of the fan, and the other radiators are located in the upper sub-region.
  • the boost power inductors are arranged in the four input inductor heat sinks, and are used to dissipate heat for the boost power inductors.
  • the input inductor heat sink has an input inductor heat dissipation base and a plurality of input inductor heat dissipation teeth protruding from the input inductor heat dissipation base along the front-rear direction. in the front-rear direction.
  • the input inductor heat sink is configured to be located on the air inlet side of the fan. Although the airflow velocity on the air inlet side of the fan is low, the heat dissipation of the boost power inductor is small, so the boost The power inductor and input inductor heat sinks can still be well dissipated. More importantly, after the input inductance radiator is placed on the air inlet side of the fan, the spare space on the air outlet side of the fan is greatly increased, which not only makes the arrangement of other radiators more flexible, but also greatly reduces the impact of air flow on other radiators. Wind resistance when dissipating heat.
  • the entire inverter device is less affected by the input inductor heat sink, so the overall wind resistance is smaller and the wind speed is higher, which can improve the overall convective heat transfer level and heat dissipation capability of the inverter device.
  • the outside air can also enter the first chamber 15 from the front and rear directions, and the influence of the input inductance radiator on the wind resistance is smaller, and the low wind resistance The cooling effect will be more advantageous.
  • the inverter device of this embodiment is applied to a photovoltaic scenario, considering the requirements of electrical performance, the number of boost power inductors is required to be large, and each input inductor heat sink is provided with three boost power inductors. , the DC power of the photovoltaic module is connected to the inverter device through each boost power inductor. Since the number of input inductor radiators in this embodiment is relatively large, the advantage of low wind resistance by arranging the input inductor radiator on the air inlet side of the fan in the embodiment of the present invention is more obvious.
  • the input inductor heat sinks are marked as the first input inductor heat sink 211 , the second input inductor heat sink 212 , the third input inductor heat sink 213 and the fourth input inductor heat sink respectively in the order from left to right.
  • Input inductor heat sink 214 is marked as the first input inductor heat sink 211 , the second input inductor heat sink 212 , the third input inductor heat sink 213 and the fourth input inductor heat sink respectively in the order from left to right.
  • the two booster radiators are arranged in the vertical middle of the first chamber 15 along a horizontal interval, and are disposed close to the fan mounting frame 131 .
  • both of the two boost heat sinks are located in the sub-regions above the first chamber 15 to dissipate heat for the boost power switch tubes located on the boost PCB board at the corresponding positions of the second chamber.
  • the two boost radiators are of conventional radiator structures, which have a boost heat dissipation base plate and a boost heat sink tines.
  • the boost heat dissipation substrate is fixed on the bottom plate 122 of the box body 12 and is arranged perpendicular to the front-rear direction, and is used for conducting the heat generated by the boost power switch on the boost PCB board.
  • the height direction of the boosting radiating teeth is parallel to the front-rear direction, which extends backward and is used for convective heat exchange with the air.
  • each of the boosting radiating teeth is arranged at intervals in the lateral direction to form an air gap that also extends vertically between the boosting radiating teeth. It is convenient for the convective heat exchange between the supply air flow and the booster radiator teeth.
  • a vertically extending air passage is formed between the two booster radiators, and its function will be described in detail when introducing the inverter radiator 23 .
  • the inverter device in this embodiment is configured as a string-type photovoltaic inverter, the input end of the inverter device is coupled with two photovoltaic components, the booster unit corresponds to two booster PCB boards, and the heat dissipation structure Two booster radiators are also configured accordingly.
  • each boost radiator is marked as a first boost radiator 221 and a second boost radiator 222, respectively.
  • the inverter heat sink 23 is disposed on the top of the first chamber 15 and is disposed adjacent to the first air outlet 171 of the frame body 13 and the second air outlet 172 of the rear cover 14 .
  • the inverter radiator 23 is farther away from the fan mounting frame 131 , that is, the inverter radiator 23 is vertically disposed farther away from the fan than the booster radiator, so that the booster radiator passes through the booster radiator.
  • the air supply airflow can still dissipate heat to the inverter radiator 23, which can adapt to the larger heat dissipation requirements of the inverter power switch tube, and make the inverter radiator 23 and the two boost radiators along the vertical direction.
  • the inverter radiator 23 is located in the sub-region above the first chamber 15, and is used to dissipate heat for the inverter power switch tubes disposed on the inverter PCB board at the corresponding position of the second chamber.
  • the inverter radiator 23 is also constructed of a conventional radiator and has an inverter heat dissipation base plate and an inverter heat dissipation tooth.
  • the inverter heat dissipation substrate is fixed on the bottom plate 122 of the box body 12 and is disposed perpendicular to the front-rear direction, and is used to conduct heat generated by the inverter power switch on the inverter PCB board.
  • the direction of the tooth height of the inverter fins is parallel to the front-rear direction, which extends backward and is used for convection heat exchange with the air.
  • the inverter device of this embodiment is configured as a string photovoltaic inverter
  • the two booster PCB boards of the booster unit are both coupled to the inverter PCB board of the inverter unit, so the inverter unit
  • the number of inverter power switch tubes is relatively large and the heat generation is relatively large, correspondingly, the size of the inverter radiator 23 along the lateral direction is longer, and the number of inverter radiating teeth is also larger.
  • the inverter radiator 23 is vertically at least partially facing the vertically extending air passage formed by the two boost radiators, so that part of the supply air flow may not pass through the booster radiator. Press the radiator to directly exchange heat with the inverter radiator 23 at a lower temperature and higher airflow speed, the temperature difference is large and the wind resistance is small, which can effectively increase the convective heat exchange of the inverter radiator 23 . Due to the limitation of the circuit topology and the layout of the PCB board, the distance between the inverter radiator 23 and the fan in the vertical direction is basically fixed, and the heat generation of the inverter power switch tube is relatively large.
  • the setting of the air passage allows the fan to
  • the inverter radiator 23 effectively dissipates heat and reduces the high temperature point of the inverter device.
  • the tooth height of the inverter radiator teeth of the inverter radiator 23 is higher than the tooth height of the booster radiator teeth of the booster radiator, and part of the air flow can directly dissipate heat to the inverter radiator 23, which can further Adapt to the larger heat dissipation requirements of the inverter power switch tube.
  • the second air outlet 172 is vertically located between the middle and the top of the inverter radiator 23 .
  • the middle of the inverter radiator 23 is located below the second air outlet 172 to prevent the air supply air from being directly discharged from the second air outlet 172 without sufficient heat exchange with the inverter radiator 23
  • the body 10 increases the air utilization rate and improves the convection heat transfer of the inverter radiator 23 .
  • the three output inductor heat sinks are arranged at the top right position of the first chamber 15 , that is, the sub-region above the first chamber 15 .
  • the inverter power inductors are arranged in the three output inductor heat sinks, and are used to dissipate heat from the inverter power inductors.
  • the three output inductor radiators include a first output inductor radiator 241 , a second output inductor radiator 242 and a third output inductor radiator 243 , which are all disposed close to the edge of the frame body 13 , that is, It is arranged close to the side wall of the first chamber 15 , so as to meet the position requirement that the inverter power inductor is located at the rear stage of the inverter circuit.
  • the distance D between the first output inductor radiator 241 , the second output inductor radiator 242 and the side wall of the first chamber 15 along the second direction is configured to satisfy the following relationship: the first The distance between the first output inductor radiator 241 and the second booster radiator 222 along the second direction ⁇ D ⁇ half the diameter of the fan, so that due to the viscous effect of the gas, the air flow through the first output inductor radiator can be increased. 241. The flow rate of the air duct between the second output inductor heat sink 242 and the side wall of the first chamber 15, thereby improving the heat dissipation efficiency.
  • the inverter PCB board partially overlaps with the projections of the first output inductor heat sink 241, the second output inductor heat sink 242 and the third output inductor heat sink 243 along the third direction, so that the wiring of the inverter power inductor is relatively Short, easy to connect, beautiful wiring, no need to pass through other PCB boards in the inverter device, so that the layout of the inverter power inductor has very little influence on the EMC of the inverter device, and effectively controls the EMC radiation value of the entire device.
  • connection lines of the three output inductor heat sinks form a right-angled triangle, and the first output inductor heat sink 241 is located at a right-angle position therein and is disposed near the upper right corner of the frame body 13 .
  • the second output inductor heat sink 242 is vertically aligned with the first output inductor heat sink 241 , and also partially overlaps with the second boost heat sink 222 in the lateral direction, that is, the second output inductor heat sink 242 It overlaps with the projected portion of the second boost radiator 222 in the lateral direction.
  • the third output inductor heat sink 243 is horizontally aligned with the first output inductor heat sink 241 , and also vertically overlaps the second boost heat sink 222 , that is, the third output inductor heat sink 243
  • the projection in the vertical direction is covered by the projection in the vertical direction of the second boost radiator 222 .
  • the first output inductor heat sink 241 and the second output inductor heat sink 242 are vertically staggered from the second boost heat sink 222 , that is, the first output inductor heat sink 241 and the second output inductor heat sink 241
  • the vertical projections of the radiator 242 and the second boost radiator 222 are staggered from each other.
  • the first output inductor radiator 241 and the third output inductor radiator 243 are in the same position as the inverter radiator 23 in the lateral direction, that is, the first output inductor radiator 241 and the second output inductor radiator radiate heat.
  • the projection of the radiator 242 in the lateral direction is covered by the projection of the inverter radiator 23 in the lateral direction.
  • the inverter power inductor is the output end of the entire inverter device, and three output inductor radiators are correspondingly configured in this embodiment.
  • each output inductor radiator is provided with one inverter power inductor, and each inverter power inductor corresponds to one AC output.
  • the five fans are fixedly mounted on the fan mounting frame 131 of the frame body 13 , and the five fans are arranged at intervals in the horizontal direction and supply air vertically. It goes without saying that the air inlet side of each fan faces the sub-region below the first chamber 15 , that is, towards each input inductor radiator; the air outlet side of each fan faces the sub-region above the first chamber 15 . area, ie toward the boost radiator, the inverter radiator 23 and the output inductor radiator to supply air to them.
  • the fan has a central axis, and in the front-rear direction, the central axis of the fan is set higher than the input inductance heat dissipation base, so as to reduce the back pressure of the fan and allow the outside air to flow into the first in chamber 15.
  • each fan is marked as a first fan 251 , a second fan 252 , a third fan 253 , a fourth fan 254 and a fifth fan 255 .
  • the air inlet side of the radiator of the first fan 251 faces the middle of the first input inductor radiator 211
  • the air inlet side of the second fan 252 faces the left side of the second input inductor radiator 212
  • the air outlet sides of the first fan 251 and the second fan 252 are respectively facing the left part and the right part of the first boost radiator 221 to dissipate heat to the first boost radiator 221 . It can be seen that in the air supply direction of the fan, since there is also an inverter radiator 23 behind the first boost radiator 221, the wind resistance to the airflow of the air supply is relatively large, so the first fan 251 and the second fan are required. 252 together to supply air to it and increase the back pressure.
  • the air inlet side of the third fan 253 faces the gap between the second input inductor radiator 212 and the third input inductor radiator 213 , and the air outlet side faces the first boost radiator 221 and the third input inductor radiator 213 .
  • the air passage formed between the second boost radiators 222 is used to directly supply air to the inverter radiator 23 through the air passage, so that the outside air at low temperature and high speed can directly enter the inverter through the air passage.
  • the inverter radiator 23 can be changed to effectively reduce the temperature rise of the inverter radiator 23 .
  • the air inlet side of the third fan 253 faces the gap between the second input inductor radiator 212 and the third input inductor radiator 213, so that the wind resistance on the air inlet side of the third fan 253 is also smaller, which can improve the fan operating point and make it work in the lower right corner of its PQ curve, the air supply efficiency is higher, and the heat exchange with the input inductor radiator is also greater.
  • the central axis of the third fan 253 is located at the left of the second boost radiator 222 and in the air passage. Naturally, the central axis of the third fan 253 is also located in the In the gap between the second input inductor heat sink 212 and the third input inductor heat sink 213 .
  • the air inlet side of the fourth fan 254 faces the right end of the third input inductor radiator 213 , and the air outlet side faces the middle of the second boost radiator 222 .
  • the air inlet side of the fifth fan 255 faces the middle of the fourth input inductor radiator 214 , and the air outlet side faces the right end of the second boost radiator 222 and the second output inductor to dissipate heat. the left end of the radiator 242 to supply air to the second boost radiator 222 and the second output inductor radiator 242 .
  • the central axis of the fifth fan 255 is located on the second booster radiator 222, in other words, the fifth fan 255 is positioned more inclined to the second booster radiator 222 in the lateral direction.
  • the second output inductor radiator 242 is farther away from the fifth fan 255, and the wind resistance is smaller, and the air flow of the fifth fan 255 will flow more to the second output inductor radiator 242, so the fifth fan 255 is more laterally biased
  • the arrangement of the second boost radiator 222 can make the air volume distribution of the fifth fan 255 to the second output inductor radiator 242 and the second boost radiator 222 more balanced.
  • the air guide structure 30 includes a first air guide member 31 , a second air guide member 32 and a third air guide member 33 .
  • the first air guide member 31 and the second air guide member 32 and the third air guide member 33 are both fixed on the rear cover 14 and located in the first chamber 15 .
  • the first air guide member 31 includes a first air guide plate 311 and a third air guide plate 312 that are integrally formed with each other.
  • the first air guide plate 311 is arranged vertically and extends laterally and is fixedly connected to the rear cover plate 14 through a plurality of connecting pieces arranged in the front-rear direction.
  • the left end of the first air deflector 311 extends to be substantially flush with the left end of the first boost radiator 221 , the right end thereof extends to be substantially flush with the right end of the second boost radiator 222 , and the upper end thereof It extends to be substantially flush with the lower end of the inverter radiator 23 , and the lower end extends to be located between the vertical middle and the vertical bottom of the two boost radiators.
  • the first air deflector 311 is partially covered behind the two booster radiators and is slightly higher than the tops of the booster radiating teeth of the two booster radiators, that is, adjacent to the two booster radiators.
  • the tops of the booster radiating teeth are arranged so that the supply air flow is concentrated to the booster radiator for heat dissipation, and the supply air flow can be guided more to the roots of the booster radiating teeth, so that the airflow velocity at the root of the teeth is faster.
  • the heat exchange of the tooth root can be effectively enhanced, and the heat exchange and heat dissipation efficiency can be improved.
  • the third wind deflector 312 is vertically positioned between the first wind deflector 311 and the fans, and is parallel to the second direction and sandwiched with the first and third directions. Angle setting, in other words, the third wind deflector 312 is inclined in both vertical and front-to-rear directions but extends laterally.
  • the left and right ends of the third wind deflector 312 are flush with the left and right ends of the first wind deflector 311 , and the lower end thereof is fixed to the rear cover 14 and extends vertically to the
  • the air outlet side of each fan is basically flush, and its upper end extends to be vertically flush with the first air deflector 311 , so that the third air deflector 312 can directly guide the air flow of each fan to the first air deflector 311 .
  • the air deflector 311 faces one side of the two booster radiators, and the air supply air is guided more to the root of the booster radiator teeth under the action of the first air deflector 311, which further improves the air supply.
  • the utilization rate of airflow and the heat dissipation efficiency of the inverter device is arranged.
  • the upper end of the third air deflector 312 is connected to the lower end of the first air deflector 311 , that is, the connection position of the first air deflector 311 and the third air deflector 312 forms an edge
  • the connecting line extending horizontally, the connecting line is vertically located between the vertical middle part and the vertical bottom part of the two booster radiators, so that sufficient supply air flow can be guided by the first air deflector 311 with the lifter. It is not necessary to set an excessively long air duct and a third air guide plate 312 between the boost radiator and the fan, thereby reducing the space occupation of the inverter device in the first direction and the air guide structure 30 . material cost.
  • the second air guide member 32 includes a second air guide plate 321 , which is vertically arranged and extends laterally and is fixed to the rear cover plate 14 through a plurality of connecting pieces arranged in the front-rear direction.
  • the second air guide plate 321 is partially covered behind the inverter radiator 23 and is slightly higher than the tooth top of the inverter radiator teeth of the inverter radiator 23 , that is, adjacent to the inverter radiator 23 .
  • the tooth tops of the inverter radiating teeth are arranged so that the air supply air is concentrated to the inverter radiator 23 for heat dissipation, and the air supply air can be guided more to the roots of the inverter radiating teeth, so that the air flow rate at the root of the teeth is faster.
  • the left and right ends of the second air deflector 321 extend to be substantially flush with the left and right ends of the inverter radiator 23 respectively and do not exceed the inverter radiator 23 . It can reduce the wind resistance of the air supply air flowing to each output inductor radiator, increase the flow rate of the air supply air flow, and improve the space utilization rate and heat exchange efficiency of the inverter device.
  • the lower end of the second air deflector 321 is fixed on the upper end of the first air deflector 311 and is substantially flush with it, so that the air flow guided by the first air deflector 311 enters the second air deflector. At 321, it can still exchange heat by convection with the root of the inverter cooling teeth at a faster speed and take away more heat.
  • the upper end of the second air deflector 321 extends so as not to exceed the second air outlet 172 and is located between the vertical middle and the vertical top of the inverter radiator 23 , which can guide sufficient air flow. The heat exchange flows through the inverter radiator 23 without blocking the exhaust from the second air outlet 172 , thereby improving the air guiding efficiency of the second air guiding plate 321 .
  • the third air guide member 33 includes a fourth air guide plate 331 , a fifth air guide plate 332 and a sixth air guide plate 333 that are integrally formed with each other and are vertically arranged and extend in the front-rear direction.
  • the rear ends of the fourth air guide plate 331 , the fifth air guide plate 332 and the sixth air guide plate 333 are all fixed to the rear cover plate 14
  • the front ends of the fourth air guide plate 331 , the fifth air guide plate 332 and the sixth air guide plate 333 are all fixed to the rear cover plate 14
  • the front ends thereof all extend to the end of the box body 12 .
  • Bottom plate 122 is .
  • the fourth air deflector 331 is arranged perpendicular to the horizontal direction, and is fixed on the left side of the first air deflector 311, and its upper and lower ends are respectively connected with the upper and lower ends of the two booster radiators. Basically flush.
  • the fifth wind deflector 332 is also arranged perpendicular to the horizontal direction, and is fixed on the left end of the second wind deflector 321 , and its upper and lower ends are respectively connected with the upper and lower ends of the inverter radiator 23 .
  • the sixth air guide plate 333 is parallel to the third direction and is disposed at an included angle with both the first direction and the second direction.
  • the third wind deflector 312 is inclined vertically and horizontally but extends in the front-rear direction, and its lower end is connected to the upper end of the fourth wind deflector 331 , and its upper end is connected to the fifth wind deflector
  • the lower end of 332 that is, the lower end of the sixth wind deflector 333 extends to be horizontally flush with the fourth wind deflector 331 , and its upper end extends to horizontally flush with the fifth wind deflector 332 .
  • the third air guide member 33 is used for concentrating the supply air flow to the two booster radiators and the inverter radiator 23 in the lateral direction, so as to improve the air guide efficiency.
  • the outside air enters the first chamber 15 through the first air inlet 161 and the second air inlet 162, and is slowly sucked into the fan from the air inlet side of each fan, and at the same time, the air is placed in the first chamber 15.
  • the input inductive heat sink in the sub-region below the chamber 15 slowly convects heat.
  • the outside air is quickly blown out from the air outlet side of the fan after being driven by the blades of each fan, and flows from bottom to top under the driving of each fan, and rapidly convects heat to other radiators in the sub-region above the first chamber 15, wherein Part of the airflow is concentrated to dissipate heat to the booster radiator and the inverter radiator 23 due to the air guide effect of the air guide structure 30 , and the other part of the airflow is directly blown to each output inductor radiator for heat dissipation. After the heat exchange is completed, the high-temperature air flow is discharged from the first chamber 15 through the first air outlet 171 and the second air outlet 172 .
  • the heat dissipation structure of the inverter device in this embodiment is configured with multiple fans. It can be understood that when a fan fails, the inverter device needs to perform power control, such as reducing the output power of the power module.
  • the air inlet side of the third fan 253 faces the gap between the second input inductor radiator 212 and the third input inductor radiator 213 , the air outlet side faces the first fan 253 substantially.
  • the air passage formed between the pressure radiator 221 and the second boost radiator 222 is used to directly supply air to the inverter radiator 23 through the air passage, and considering that the heat generation of the inverter power switch tube is relatively high Therefore, the inverter radiator 23 is prone to heat concentration.
  • the positional relationship between the third fan 253 and the inverter radiator 23 is such that the inverter radiator 23 is mainly dissipated by the air flow of the third fan 253.
  • 253 fails, it is the worst temperature control condition of the inverter device, which provides a better evaluation condition for the power control of the inverter device when the fan fails.
  • the inverter device has the following power control method:
  • the third fan is invalid, and the output power of the inverter device is reduced to a first threshold within the first period , in this embodiment, the first threshold is 50% of the rated output power;
  • the power control process has a gradient characteristic.
  • the output power will be greatly reduced when the local temperature rises due to the failure of any fan, which is more in line with the actual operating conditions of the inverter device, which can effectively improve the average output power of the inverter device.
  • the external ambient temperature is lower than the inverter device
  • the design can also work at nearly full load at the highest temperature.
  • the power control method can perform conventional power control according to the temperature of each power device and/or each heat sink after the first period and when the inverter device operates to a steady state. For example, when performing power control on the temperature of the inverter power switch tube, when the temperature of the inverter power switch tube increases by about 4% for every 1°C increase, the derating is performed at a rate of 4 times when the temperature rises over 4°C.

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Abstract

本发明公开了一种逆变装置及其功率控制方法，所述逆变装置包括：壳体、功率模块和散热结构；所述功率模块设于所述壳体内并包括升压功率开关管和逆变功率开关管；所述散热结构设于所述壳体内并包括风机、升压散热器和逆变散热器；所述风机沿第一方向送风，所述升压散热器和逆变散热器均设于所述风机的出风侧并分别用于为所述升压功率开关管和逆变功率开关管散热；所述升压散热器和所述逆变散热器沿所述第一方向的投影至少部分重叠，且沿所述风机的送风方向，所述升压散热器相较所述升压散热器靠近所述风机设置。本发明的逆变装置，经过升压散热器的送风气流仍然可以对逆变散热器散热，能够适配逆变功率开关管更大的散热需求。

Description

一种逆变装置及其功率控制方法 技术领域
本发明涉及逆变技术领域，尤其涉及一种逆变装置及其功率控制方法。
背景技术
具有逆变电路的逆变装置，如光伏逆变器和不间断电源，通常都包括相互耦合的升压电路和逆变电路。无论是升压电路还是逆变电路均设置有功率电感和功率开关(如IGBT)，逆变装置在运行过程中产生的热量大部分来源于上述两种器件，尽管现有技术中呈现出了多种散热结构来对上述器件散热，但仍然难以解决现有的逆变装置散热能力和散热效率较低的缺陷。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服背景技术中存在的至少一种缺陷或问题，提供一种逆变装置及其功率控制方法，具有较高的散热能力和散热效率。
为实现上述目的，本发明的第一技术方案提供了一种逆变装置，其包括：壳体；功率模块，其设于所述壳体内并包括升压功率开关管和逆变功率开关管；散热结构，其设于所述壳体内并包括风机、升压散热器和逆变散热器；所述风机沿第一方向送风，所述升压散热器和逆变散热器均设于所述风机的出风侧并分别用于为所述升压功率开关管和逆变功率开关管散热；其中，所述升压散热器和所述逆变散热器沿所述第一方向的投影至少部分重叠，且沿所述风机的送风方向，所述升压散热器相较所述逆变散热器靠近所述风机设置。
基于第一技术方案，本发明还具有第二技术方案：所述升压散热器具有升压散热齿，所述逆变散热器具有逆变散热齿；所述逆变散热齿的齿高高于所述升压散热齿的齿高。
基于第一技术方案，本发明还具有第三技术方案：所述散热结构包括多个沿与第一方向正交的第二方向间隔排布的所述升压散热器，至少两个升压散热器间形成沿所述第一方向延伸的过风通道；所述逆变散热器沿所述第一方向至少部分正对所述过风通道。
基于第三技术方案，本发明还具有第四技术方案：所述功率模块包括多个功率器件，多个功率器件中包括所述升压功率开关管和逆变功率开关管；所述散热结构包括多个沿所述第二方向间隔排布的所述风机，多个所述风机中具有一风机，其出风侧正对所述过风通道。
基于第四技术方案，本发明还具有第五技术方案：所述多个功率器件中还包括升压功率电感；所述散热结构还包括设于所述各风机的进风侧的多个输入电感散热器，其用于为所述升压功率电感散热；多个风机中出风侧正对所述过风通道的所述风机，其进风侧正对两输入 电感散热器的间隙。
基于第三、第四或第五技术方案，本发明还具有第六技术方案：所述升压散热器具有升压散热基板和若干升压散热齿；所述升压散热基板垂直于第三方向设置，所述若干升压散热齿沿所述第二方向间隔排布且其齿高方向均平行于第三方向，所述第三方向与所述第一方向和第二方向均正交；所述逆变散热器具有逆变散热基板和逆变升压散热齿；所述逆变散热基板垂直于所述第三方向设置，所述若干逆变散热齿沿所述第二方向间隔排布且其齿高方向均平行于所述第三方向。
基于第六技术方案，本发明还具有第七技术方案：还包括固设于所述壳体内的导风结构，所述导风结构包括垂直于所述第三方向设置的第一导风板和第二导风板；所述第一导风板沿所述第三方向部分地罩设于所述升压散热器，且邻近所述升压散热齿的齿顶设置；所述第二导风板沿所述第三方向部分地罩设于所述逆变散热器，且邻近所述逆变散热齿的齿顶设置。
基于第七技术方案，本发明还具有第八技术方案：所述导风结构还包括第三导风板；所述第三导风板在所述第一方向上位于所述第一导风板和所述风机之间，其平行于所述第二方向且与所述第一方向、第三方向均呈夹角设置，以将所述风机的送风气流引导至所述第一导风板朝向所述升压散热器的一侧。
基于第四或第五技术方案，本发明还提供了第九技术方案：一种逆变装置的功率控制方法，用于控制如第四或第五技术方案所述的逆变装置的输出功率；所述功率控制方法包括：采集各功率器件和/或各散热器的温度，监测各风机是否失效；在检测到逆变散热器和/或逆变功率开关管的温度超出预设范围时，判断为出风侧正对所述过风通道的所述风机失效，并在第一期间内将输出功率降低至第一阈值；在检测到其他散热器和/或其他功率器件的温度超出对应的预设范围且逆变散热器和/或逆变功率开关管的温度未超出其预设范围时，判断为其他风机失效，不进行输出功率的控制或在第一期间内将输出功率降低至第二阈值；其中，所述第二阈值高于第一阈值。
基于第九技术方案，本发明还具有第十技术方案：所述第一阈值为所述逆变装置额定输出功率的50％。
相较于现有技术，本发明具有如下有益效果：
(1)将升压散热器沿所述风机的送风方向相较于所述逆变散热器靠近所述风机设置，使得经过升压散热器的送风气流仍然可以对逆变散热器散热，能够适配逆变功率开关管更大的散热需求，并使得升压散热器和逆变散热器沿所述第一方向的投影可以至少部分重叠，从而减小逆变装置垂直于风机送风方向的空间占用。
(2)逆变散热器的逆变散热齿的齿高高于升压散热器的升压散热齿的齿高，部分送风气流可直接对逆变散热器散热，能够进一步适配逆变功率开关管更大的散热需求。
(3)逆变散热器沿第一方向至少部分正对过风通道，部分送风气流可以不经过升压散热器，以较低的温度和较高的气流速度直接与逆变散热器换热，温差较大、风阻较小，可有效 增大逆变散热器的对流换热量；由于受电路拓扑和PCB板的布局限制，逆变散热器沿竖向距离风机的距离基本固定，且逆变功率开关管的发热量较大，因而过风通道的设置使得风机可对逆变散热器有效散热，降低逆变装置的高温点。
(4)多个所述风机中具有一风机，其出风侧正对过风通道，以通过该过风通道向逆变散热器直接送风，使得外界低温高速的空气可通过过风通道直接进入到逆变散热器，从而有效降低逆变散热器的温升；此外，考虑到逆变功率开关管的发热量较大，故逆变散热器容易出现热量集中，因而该出风侧正对过风通道的风机与逆变散热器的位置关系使得逆变散热器主要受该风机的送风气流散热，那么当该风机失效时即为逆变装置的最恶劣温控工况，这便为逆变装置在风机失效时的功率控制提供了较好的评估条件。
(5)出风侧正对所述过风通道的所述风机，其进风侧正对两输入电感散热器的间隙，使得该风机进风侧的风阻也较小，可提升风机工作点的风速并使其工作于其P-Q曲线的右下角区域，送风效率较高，与输入电感散热器的换热量也更大。
(6)通过对出风侧正对过风通道的风机失效的情况进行大幅功率控制，对其他风机失效的情况不进行功率控制或进行小幅功率控制，使得功率控制过程具有梯度特性，相较于不对风机失效情况进行区分，采用任一风机失效导致局部温度上升时均将输出功率大幅下降的方式，更符合逆变装置的实际运行工况，这可以有效提升逆变装置的平均输出功率，在外部环境温度低于逆变装置的设计最高温时，也可以近乎满载的工作。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例的技术方案，下面对实施例描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域的普通技术人员来说，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本发明实施例逆变装置的一立体图；
图2为本发明实施例逆变装置的另一立体图；
图3为本发明实施例逆变装置壳体和导风结构的立体分解图；
图4为本发明实施例逆变装置隐藏了后盖板和框体的立体图；
图5为图4所示结构的后视图；
图6为图4所示结构的左视图；
图7为本发明实施例逆变装置后盖板和导风结构装配后的立体图；
图8为本发明实施例逆变装置导风结构的立体图；
图9为本发明实施例逆变装置隐藏了后盖板和导风结构的一立体图；
图10为本发明实施例逆变装置隐藏了后盖板和导风结构的另一立体图；
图11为图9和图10所示结构的后视图；
图12为图9和图10所示结构的左视图。
主要附图标记说明：
壳体10、前盖板11、盒体12、框体13、后盖板14、围壁121、底板122、风机安装架131、第一腔室15、第一进气口161、第二进气口162、第一出气口171、第二出气口172；
第一输入电感散热器211、第二输入电感散热器212、第三输入电感散热器213、第四输入电感散热器214、第一升压散热器221、第二升压散热器222、逆变散热器23、第一输出电感散热器241、第二输出电感散热器242、第三输出电感散热器243、第一风机251、第二风机252、第三风机253、第四风机254、第五风机255；
导风结构30、第一导风件31、第二导风件32、第三导风件33、第一导风板311、第三导风板312、第二导风板321、第四导风板331、第五导风板332、第六导风板333。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述。显然，所描述的实施例是本发明的优选实施例，且不应被看作对其他实施例的排除。基于本发明实施例，本领域的普通技术人员在不作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
本发明的权利要求书、说明书及上述附图中，除非另有明确限定，如使用术语“第一”、“第二”或“第三”等，都是为了区别不同对象，而不是用于描述特定顺序。
本发明的权利要求书、说明书及上述附图中，除非另有明确限定，对于方位词，如使用术语“中心”、“横向”、“纵向”、“水平”、“垂直”、“顶”、“底”、“内”、“外”、“上”、“下”、“前”、“后”、“左”、“右”、“顺时针”、“逆时针”、“高”、“低”等指示方位或位置关系乃基于附图所示的方位和位置关系，且仅是为了便于叙述本发明和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位或以特定的方位构造和操作，所以也不能理解为限制本发明的具体保护范围。
本发明的权利要求书、说明书及上述附图中，除非另有明确限定，如使用术语“固接”或“固定连接”，应作广义理解，即两者之间没有位移关系和相对转动关系的任何连接方式，也就是说包括不可拆卸地固定连接、可拆卸地固定连接、连为一体以及通过其他装置或元件固定连接。
本发明的权利要求书、说明书及上述附图中，如使用术语“包括”、“具有”以及它们的变形，意图在于“包含但不限于”。
本发明实施例提供一种逆变装置，其具体为光伏逆变器，并包括壳体10、功率模块(图中未示出)、散热结构和导风结构30，以下主要参照图1中的方向标引逐一介绍本发明实施例的逆变装置。
图1-2示出了所述逆变装置的外形，也示出了所述壳体10的外部构造，而图3示出了所述壳体10的立体分解图，并示出了所述导风结构30。因而首先结合图1-3，所述壳体10呈矩形箱体构造，其包括沿前后方向(即第三方向)依次固接的前盖板11、盒体12、框体13和后盖板14。
所述前盖板11大致呈板状，所述盒体12具有围壁121和底板122，所述前盖板11固接于所述围壁121并与所述底板122相对，以使得所述前盖板11和所述盒体12共同围合形成一第二腔室(图中未示出)。所述框体13具有沿横向(即左右方向、第二方向)设置的风机安装架131，其固接于所述盒体12的后侧；所述后盖板14则固接于所述框体13的后侧。如此一来，所述后盖板14、框体13和所述盒体12的底板122则共同围合形成一第一腔室15。
所述第二腔室用于容纳至少部分的所述功率模块，所述第一腔室15与第二腔室沿前后方向相互间隔并则用于容纳所述散热结构和导风结构30。换言之，所述第二腔室为存放电子器件的电气区域，所述第一腔室15则为存放散热器件的散热区域，这样将电气区域和散热区域分隔设置的方式不仅使得各器件的接线和排布较为整洁美观，还可以较好地防止在散热时所引入外界空气中的尘土和液滴对电子器件的影响，具有较好的防护效果。
进一步的，所述第一腔室15通过若干进气口和若干出气口(图3中未示出)与外界连通，以从外界引入空气对功率模块散热并将受热的高温气体排出壳体10。本实施例中，所述框体13的下部设有若干沿竖向进气的第一进气口161，所述框体13的上部则设有若干第一出气口171。此外，所述后盖板14的下部也设有若干沿前后方向进气的第二进气口162，所述后盖板14的上部设有若干第二出气口172。换言之，本实施例中，外界空气由壳体10的底部和后下部进入第一腔室15且在第一腔室15中基本沿竖向(即上下方向、第一方向)流动，并在换热后由壳体10的顶部和后上部排出壳体10之外。不言而喻的，所述第一方向、第二方向和第三方向彼此正交。
所述功率模块设于所述壳体10内并包括升压单元和逆变单元，所述升压单元接入光伏组件并将电压升压后接入到逆变单元，所述逆变单元将直流电逆变为交流电后接入电网或负载。大致而言，所述升压单元的功率器件包括相互耦合的升压功率电感和升压功率开关管(如IGBT管)，所述逆变单元的功率器件包括相互耦合的逆变功率电感和逆变功率开关管(如IGBT管)。
具体结构中，所述升压单元包括升压PCB板，所述逆变单元则包括逆变PCB板，所述升压PCB板和所述逆变PCB板均设于所述第二腔室内。在升压单元和逆变单元的功率器件中，所述升压功率开关管承载于所述升压PCB板上，所述逆变功率开关管则对应承载于所述逆变PCB板上。至于所述升压功率电感和逆变功率电感，本实施例将其分别与对应的散热器件集成设置。具体而言，所述升压功率电感和逆变功率电感均采用灌封工艺，将电感绕组置于电感壳体中，内部灌上导热封装材料，通过导热封装材料将电感绕组产生的热量传递至电感壳 体，再通过电感壳体将热量散出，从而减小功率电感和对应散热器件在逆变装置内的空间占用，并具有更好的散热效果。
由于功率电感与对应的散热器件集成设置，各功率电感也就对应地设于第一腔室15内。此外，由于功率电感未设于PCB板上，因而还需要使用电线将功率电感与对应的功率开关管电连接使得二者电气耦合。考虑到功率模块具有多种不同的拓扑结构，因而此处不对各功率器件的连接关系作限定，且由于本申请不重点涉及逆变装置的电气部分，因而也不对功率模块的电气结构和工作原理作详细介绍，本领域技术人员参照现有技术进行实施即可。
如图9-12所示，所述散热结构包括四个输入电感散热器、两个升压散热器、一个逆变散热器23、三个输出电感散热器和五个风机，上述各器件均设于所述壳体10的第一腔室15内且各散热器均固设于所述盒体12的底板122上，各风机则固设于所述框体13的风机安装架131上。
所述四个输入电感散热器沿横向间隔排布于所述第一腔室15的底部，且邻近所述框体13所设的第一进气口161和所述后盖板14所设的第二进气口162设置，以受不同方向的进风气流进行对流换热，散热量大。可以理解的，所述框体13的风机安装架131将第一腔室15分为上、下两个子区域，由于外界空气沿竖向由下至上流动，因而位于风机安装架131上方的子区域为风机的出风侧，而位于风机安装架131下方的子区域为风机的进风侧。本实施例中，所述四个输入电感均位于下方的子区域，即位于所述风机的进风侧，而其他散热器则位于上方的子区域。如前所述，所述四个输入电感散热器内均设置有所述的升压功率电感，并用于为升压功率电感散热。具体结构中，所述输入电感散热器具有输入电感散热基体和若干沿前后方向凸设于输入电感散热基体的输入电感散热齿，所述若干输入电感散热齿沿横向间隔排布且齿高方向平行于所述前后方向。
本发明实施例的逆变装置，将输入电感散热器配置为设于风机的进风侧，尽管风机进风侧的气流速度较低，但由于升压功率电感的散热量较小，因而升压功率电感和输入电感散热器仍能够得到较好地散热。更重要的是，将输入电感散热器设于风机进风侧后，风机出风侧的富余空间大大增加，不仅使得其他散热器的布置更加灵活，且大大减小了送风气流对其他散热器散热时的风阻。换言之，整个逆变装置受输入电感散热器的影响较小，因而整体风阻较小、风速较高，能够提高逆变装置的整体对流换热水平和散热能力。尤其在所述后盖板14设有所述第二进气口162的情况下，外界空气还可以由前后方向进入第一腔室15，输入电感散热器对风阻的影响更小，由低风阻带来的散热效果将更具优势。
值得说明的是，由于本实施例的逆变装置应用于光伏场景，考虑到电气性能的需求，升压功率电感的数量要求较多，每一输入电感散热器内均设有三路升压功率电感，光伏组件的直流电能通过各升压功率电感接入逆变装置。由于本实施例输入电感散热器的数量较多，因而本发明实施例将输入电感散热器设于风机的进风侧的低风阻优势更加明显。此外，为便于下文的描述，按照从左至右的顺序将各输入电感散热器分别标记为第一输入电感散热器211、第二输入电感散热器212、第三输入电感散热器213和第四输入电感散热器214。
所述两个升压散热器沿横向间隔排布于所述第一腔室15的竖向中部，其靠近所述风机安装架131设置。如前所述，两个升压散热器均位于所述第一腔室15上方的子区域，用于为设于第二腔室对应位置的升压PCB板上的升压功率开关管散热。具体结构中，两个升压散热器均为常规散热器构造，其具有升压散热基板和升压散热齿。所述升压散热基板固设于所述盒体12的底板122且垂直于前后方向设置，用于传导所述升压PCB板上升压功率开关管产生的热量。所述升压散热齿的齿高方向平行于前后方向，其向后延伸并用于与空气对流换热。本实施例中，由于外界空气在第一腔室15内基本沿竖向流动，因而各升压散热齿沿横向间隔设置以在各升压散热齿间形成同样沿竖向延伸的过风间隙，便于送风气流与升压散热齿的对流换热。本实施例中，两升压散热器之间形成一沿竖向延伸的过风通道，其作用将在介绍逆变散热器23时详述。值得说明的是，本实施例的逆变装置被配置为组串式光伏逆变器，逆变装置的输入端耦合了两个光伏组件，升压单元对应包含两个升压PCB板，散热结构也对应配置了两个升压散热器。此外，为便于下文的描述，按照从左至右的顺序，将各升压散热器分别标记为第一升压散热器221和第二升压散热器222。
所述逆变散热器23设于所述第一腔室15的顶部，且邻近所述框体13所设的第一出气口171和所述后盖板14所设的第二出气口172设置。在竖向上，所述逆变散热器23远离所述风机安装架131，即逆变散热器23沿竖向相较于所述升压散热器更远离所述风机设置，使得经过升压散热器的送风气流仍然可以对逆变散热器23散热，能够适配逆变功率开关管更大的散热需求，且使得所述逆变散热器23与所述两个升压散热器沿竖向的投影至少部分重叠，从而减小逆变装置垂直于风机送风方向的空间占用。如前所述，该逆变散热器23位于所述第一腔室15上方的子区域，用于为设于第二腔室对应位置的逆变PCB板上的逆变功率开关管散热。
具体结构中，所述逆变散热器23也同样为常规散热器构造并具有逆变散热基板和逆变散热齿。所述逆变散热基板固设于所述盒体12的底板122且垂直于前后方向设置，用于传导所述逆变PCB板上逆变功率开关管产生的热量。所述逆变散热齿的齿高方向平行于前后方向，其向后延伸并用于与空气对流换热。本实施例中，由于外界空气在第一腔室15内基本沿竖向流动，因而各逆变散热齿沿横向间隔设置以在各逆变散热齿间形成同样沿竖向延伸的过风间隙，便于送风气流与逆变散热齿的对流换热。本实施例中，所述逆变散热器23最左端的逆变散热齿位于所述第一升压散热器221的最左端的升压散热齿的右端。值得说明的是，由于本实施例的逆变装置被配置为组串式光伏逆变器，升压单元的两升压PCB板均耦合至逆变单元的逆变PCB板上，因而逆变单元的逆变功率开关管数量较多、发热量也较大，对应使得逆变散热器23沿横向的尺寸较长，逆变散热齿的数量也较多。
本实施例中，所述逆变散热器23沿竖向至少部分正对所述两个升压散热器形成的所述沿竖向延伸的过风通道，以使得部分送风气流可以不经过升压散热器，以较低的温度和较高的气流速度直接与逆变散热器23换热，温差较大、风阻较小，可有效增大逆变散热器23的对流换热量。由于受电路拓扑和PCB板的布局限制，逆变散热器23沿竖向距离风机的距离基本固定，且逆变功率开关管的发热量较大，因而所述过风通道的设置使得风机可对逆变散热器23有效散热，降低逆变装置的高温点。此外，所述逆变散热器23的逆变散热齿的齿高高于 所述升压散热器的升压散热齿的齿高，部分送风气流可直接对逆变散热器23散热，能够进一步适配逆变功率开关管更大的散热需求。进一步的，所述第二出气口172在竖向上位于所述逆变散热器23的中部和顶部之间。换言之，在竖向上，所述逆变散热器23的中部位于所述第二出气口172的下方，防止送风气流未与逆变散热器23充分换热便直接从第二出气口172排出壳体10，增大了空气利用率，提高了逆变散热器23的对流换热量。
所述三个输出电感散热器设于所述第一腔室15的顶部靠右的位置，即位于所述第一腔室15上方的子区域。如前所述，所述三个输出电感散热器内均设置有所述的逆变功率电感，并用于对逆变功率电感散热。具体而言，所述三个输出电感散热器包括第一输出电感散热器241、第二输出电感散热器242和第三输出电感散热器243，其均靠近所述框体13的边缘设置，即靠近所述第一腔室15的侧壁设置，从而符合逆变功率电感位于逆变电路后级的位置要求。本实施例中，所述第一输出电感散热器241、第二输出电感散热器242与所述第一腔室15的侧壁沿第二方向的间距D被配置为满足如下关系：所述第一输出电感散热器241和第二升压散热器222沿第二方向的间距≤D≤所述风机直径的一半，从而由于气体的粘性作用，可以加大送风气流经过第一输出电感散热器241、第二输出电感散热器242与第一腔室15的侧壁间风道的流速，从而提高散热效率。此外，逆变PCB板与第一输出电感散热器241、第二输出电感散热器242和第三输出电感散热器243沿所述第三方向的投影均部分重叠，使得逆变功率电感的布线较短，接线方便，布线美观，无需穿过逆变装置内的其他PCB板，使得逆变功率电感的布局对逆变装置的EMC影响非常小，有效地控制了整个装置的EMC辐射值。
所述三个输出电感散热器的连线形成一直角三角形，所述第一输出电感散热器241位于其中的直角位置且靠近所述框体13的右上角设置。所述第二输出电感散热器242在竖向上与所述第一输出电感散热器241对齐，其在横向上还与所述第二升压散热器222部分重叠，即第二输出电感散热器242与第二升压散热器222沿横向的投影部分重叠。所述第三输出电感散热器243则在横向上与所述第一输出电感散热器241对齐，其还在竖向上与所述第二升压散热器222重叠，即第三输出电感散热器243在竖向上的投影被第二升压散热器222在竖向上的投影覆盖。所述第一输出电感散热器241、第二输出电感散热器242在竖向上均与所述第二升压散热器222相互错开设置，即所述第一输出电感散热器241、第二输出电感散热器242与所述第二升压散热器222在竖向上的投影相互错开。所述第一输出电感散热器241、第三输出电感散热器243在横向上均与所述逆变散热器23基本处于同一位置，即所述第一输出电感散热器241、第二输出电感散热器242在横向上的投影被逆变散热器23在横向上的投影覆盖。
值得说明的是，由于本实施例的逆变装置被配置为组串式光伏逆变器，逆变功率电感为整个逆变装置的输出端，本实施例对应地配置了三个输出电感散热器，每一输出电感散热器内均设有一路逆变功率电感，每路逆变功率电感对应一路交流输出。
所述五个风机固装于所述框体13的风机安装架131上，五个风机沿横向间隔排布，并沿竖向送风。不言而喻的，各风机的进风侧朝向所述第一腔室15下方的子区域，即朝向各输入电感散热器；各风机的出风侧朝向所述第一腔室15上方的子区域，即朝向所述升压散热器、 逆变散热器23和输出电感散热器以向其送风。本实施例中，所述风机具有中心轴，且在前后方向，所述风机的中心轴高于所述输入电感散热基体设置，以减小风机背压并使得外部空气可以更好的流入第一腔室15中。为便于下文的描述，按照从左至右的顺序，将各风机分别标记为第一风机251、第二风机252、第三风机253、第四风机254和第五风机255。
所述第一风机251散热器的进风侧正对所述第一输入电感散热器211的中部，所述第二风机252的进风侧正对所述第二输入电感散热器212的左部，所述第一风机251和第二风机252的出风侧分别正对所述第一升压散热器221的左部和右部，以向第一升压散热器221散热。可以看出，在风机送风方向上，由于第一升压散热器221的后方还具有逆变散热器23，其对送风气流流动的风阻较大，因而需要第一风机251和第二风机252共同对其送风，提升背压。
所述第三风机253的进风侧正对所述第二输入电感散热器212和第三输入电感散热器213的间隙，其出风侧则基本正对所述第一升压散热器221和第二升压散热器222间形成的所述过风通道以通过该过风通道向所述逆变散热器23直接送风，使得外界低温高速的空气可通过所述过风通道直接进入到逆变散热器23，从而有效降低逆变散热器23的温升。此外，将第三风机253的进风侧正对第二输入电感散热器212和第三输入电感散热器213的间隙，使得第三风机253进风侧的风阻也较小，可提升风机工作点的风速并使其工作于其P-Q曲线的右下角区域，送风效率较高，与输入电感散热器的换热量也更大。具体的，所述第三风机253的中心轴位于所述第二升压散热器222的左部且位于所述过风通道内，自然的，所述第三风机253的中心轴也位于所述第二输入电感散热器212和第三输入电感散热器213的间隙内。
所述第四风机254的进风侧正对所述第三输入电感散热器213的右端，其出风侧正对所述第二升压散热器222的中部。所述第五风机255的进风侧正对所述第四输入电感散热器214的中部，其出风侧则正对所述第二升压散热器222的右端和所述第二输出电感散热器242的左端，以向所述第二升压散热器222和第二输出电感散热器242送风。
此外，所述第五风机255的中心轴位于所述第二升压散热器222上，换言之，在横向上第五风机255更偏向第二升压散热器222设置，这样的设置主要考虑到第二输出电感散热器242距离第五风机255较远，风阻较小，第五风机255的送风气流会更多地流向第二输出电感散热器242，因而将第五风机255在横向上更偏向第二升压散热器222设置可以使得第五风机255对第二输出电感散热器242和第二升压散热器222的风量分配更加均衡。
进一步参照图4-8，所述导风结构30包括第一导风件31、第二导风件32和第三导风件33，所述第一导风件31、第二导风件32和第三导风件33均固设于所述后盖板14且位于所述第一腔室15内。
所述第一导风件31包括彼此一体成型的第一导风板311和第三导风板312。
所述第一导风板311竖向设置且沿横向延伸并通过若干沿前后方向设置的连接片固接于所述后盖板14。所述第一导风板311的左端延伸至与所述第一升压散热器221的左端基本平 齐，其右延伸至与所述第二升压散热器222的右端基本平齐，其上端延伸至与所述逆变散热器23的下端基本平齐，其下端则延伸至位于所述两升压散热器的竖向中部至竖向底部之间。在前后方向，所述第一导风板311部分地罩设于所述两个升压散热器的后方且略高于所述两个升压散热器的升压散热齿的齿顶，即邻近所述升压散热齿的齿顶设置，使得送风气流集中向升压散热器散热，可以将送风气流更多地引导至所述升压散热齿的根部，使得齿根部的气流流速较快，且由于齿根部的温度与送风气流的温差更大，可以有效增强齿根部的换热，提高换热量和散热效率。
所述第三导风板312在竖向上位于所述第一导风板311和所述各风机之间，其平行于所述第二方向且与所述第一方向、第三方向均呈夹角设置，换言之，所述第三导风板312在竖向和前后方向均倾斜设置但沿横向延伸。所述第三导风板312的左端和右端与所述第一导风板311的左右两端均平齐，其下端则固接于所述后盖板14且在竖向上延伸至与所述各风机的出风侧基本平齐，其上端则延伸至沿竖向与第一导风板311平齐，使得第三导风板312可以将各风机的送风气流直接引导至所述第一导风板311朝向所述两个升压散热器的一侧，送风气流在第一导风板311的作用下被更多地引导至所述升压散热齿的根部，进一步提高了送风气流的利用率和逆变装置的散热效率。本实施例中，所述第三导风板312的上端连接于所述第一导风板311的下端，即所述第一导风板311和第三导风板312的连接位置形成一沿横向延伸的连接线，该连接线在竖向上位于所述两升压散热器的竖向中部至竖向底部之间，使得足够的送风气流能够在第一导风板311的引导下与升压散热器的齿根部换热，又不必在升压散热器和风机间设置过长的风道和第三导风板312，减少了逆变装置在第一方向的空间占用和导风结构30的物料成本。
所述第二导风件32包括第二导风板321，其竖向设置且沿横向延伸并通过若干沿前后方向设置的连接片固接于所述后盖板14。在前后方向，所述第二导风板321部分地罩设于所述逆变散热器23的后方且略高于所述逆变散热器23的逆变散热齿的齿顶，即邻近所述逆变散热齿的齿顶设置，使得送风气流集中向逆变散热器23散热，可以将送风气流更多地引导至所述逆变散热齿的根部，使得齿根部的气流流速较快，且由于齿根部的温度与送风气流的温差更大，可以有效增强齿根部的换热，提高换热量和散热效率。本实施例中，所述第二导风板321的左、右两端分别延伸至与所述逆变散热器23的左、右两端基本平齐而未超出逆变散热器23，相对而言可减小送风气流流向各输出电感散热器的风阻，增大送风气流的流速，提高了逆变装置的空间利用率和换热效率。所述第二导风板321的下端固设于所述第一导风板311的上端并与其基本平齐，使得经第一导风板311引导的送风气流在进入到第二导风板321时仍能以较快的速度与逆变器散热齿的齿根部对流换热并带走较多的热量。所述第二导风板321的上端则延伸至不超出所述第二出气口172且位于所述逆变散热器23的竖向中部至竖向顶部之间，既能引导足够的送风气流流经逆变散热器23换热，又不会阻挡所述第二出气口172排气，提高了第二导风板321的导风效率。
所述第三导风件33包括彼此一体成型且均为竖向设置并沿前后方向延伸的第四导风板331、第五导风板332和第六导风板333。在前后方向，所述第四导风板331、第五导风板332 和第六导风板333的后端均固接所述后盖板14，其前端均延伸至所述盒体12的底板122。所述第四导风板331垂直于横向设置，其固设于所述第一导风板311的左侧，其上、下两端分别与所述两升压散热器的上、下两端基本平齐。所述第五导风板332也垂直于横向设置，其固设于所述第二导风板321的左端，其上、下两端分别与所述逆变散热器23的上、下两端基本平齐。所述第六导风板333平行于所述第三方向且与所述第一方向、第二方向均呈夹角设置。换言之，所述第三导风板312在竖向和横向均倾斜设置但沿前后方向延伸，其下端连接于所述第四导风板331的上端，其上端连接于所述第五导风板332的下端，即第六导风板333的下端延伸至沿横向与所述第四导风板331平齐，其上端延伸至沿横向与所述第五导风板332平齐。所述第三导风件33用于在横向上将送风气流集中至所述两个升压散热器和所述逆变散热器23，以提高导风效率。
至此，结合图6，外界空气由所述第一进气口161和第二进气口162进入第一腔室15，并从各风机的进风侧慢速吸入风机，且同时对位于第一腔室15下方的子区域的输入电感散热器慢速对流换热。外界空气经各风机的叶片驱动后由风机出风侧快速吹出，并在各风机的驱动下由下至上流动并对位于第一腔室15上方的子区域的其他散热器快速对流换热，其中部分气流受导风结构30的导风作用集中至对升压散热器和逆变散热器23散热，其他部分气流则直接吹向各输出电感散热器对其散热。换热完成后，高温的送风气流经所述第一出气口171和第二出气口172排出第一腔室15。
进一步的，本实施例逆变装置的散热结构配置多个风机，可以理解的，当某一风机失效时，逆变装置需要进行功率控制，例如降低功率模块的输出功率。在本实施例中，由于第三风机253的进风侧正对所述第二输入电感散热器212和第三输入电感散热器213的间隙，其出风侧则基本正对所述第一升压散热器221和第二升压散热器222间形成的所述过风通道以通过该过风通道向所述逆变散热器23直接送风，且考虑到逆变功率开关管的发热量较大，故逆变散热器23容易出现热量集中，因而第三风机253与逆变散热器23的位置关系使得逆变散热器23主要受第三风机253的送风气流散热，那么当第三风机253失效时即为逆变装置的最恶劣温控工况，这便为逆变装置在风机失效时的功率控制提供了较好的评估条件。
基于本实施例逆变装置的散热结构，所述逆变装置具有如下功率控制方法：
采集各功率器件和/或各散热器的温度，监测各风机是否失效；
在检测到逆变散热器和/或逆变功率开关管的温度超出预设范围时，判断为所述第三风机失效，并在第一期间内将逆变装置的输出功率降低至第一阈值，本实施例中，所述第一阈值为额定输出功率的50％；
在检测到其他散热器和/或其他功率器件的温度超出对应的预设范围且逆变散热器和/或逆变功率开关管的温度未超出其预设范围时，判断为其他风机失效，不进行逆变装置输出功率的控制或在第一期间内将逆变装置的输出功率降低至第二阈值；其中，所述第二阈值高于第一阈值。
因而，通过对第三风机失效的情况进行大幅功率控制，对其他风机失效的情况不进行功率控制或进行小幅功率控制，使得功率控制过程具有梯度特性，相较于不对风机失效情况进行区分，采用任一风机失效导致局部温度上升时均将输出功率大幅下降的方式，更符合逆变装置的实际运行工况，这可以有效提升逆变装置的平均输出功率，在外部环境温度低于逆变装置的设计最高温时，也可以近乎满载的工作。
进一步的，所述功率控制方法在第一期间后且逆变装置运行至稳态时，便可根据各功率器件和/或各散热器的温度进行常规功率控制。例如，针对逆变功率开关管的温度进行功率控制时，当逆变功率开关管的温度每升高1℃降额约4％，温度升高超过4℃，以4倍速率进行降额。
上述说明书和实施例的描述，用于解释本发明保护范围，但并不构成对本发明保护范围的限定。通过本发明或上述实施例的启示，本领域普通技术人员结合公知常识、本领域的普通技术知识和/或现有技术，通过合乎逻辑的分析、推理或有限的试验可以得到的对本发明实施例或其中一部分技术特征的修改、等同替换或其他改进，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种逆变装置，其特征在于，包括：
    壳体；
    功率模块，其设于所述壳体内并包括升压功率开关管和逆变功率开关管；
    散热结构，其设于所述壳体内并包括风机、升压散热器和逆变散热器；所述风机沿第一方向送风，所述升压散热器和逆变散热器均设于所述风机的出风侧并分别用于为所述升压功率开关管和逆变功率开关管散热；
    其中，所述升压散热器和所述逆变散热器沿所述第一方向的投影至少部分重叠，且沿所述风机的送风方向，所述升压散热器相较所述逆变散热器靠近所述风机设置。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的一种逆变装置，其特征在于：所述升压散热器具有升压散热齿，所述逆变散热器具有逆变散热齿；所述逆变散热齿的齿高高于所述升压散热齿的齿高。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的一种逆变装置，其特征在于：所述散热结构包括多个沿与第一方向正交的第二方向间隔排布的所述升压散热器，至少两个升压散热器间形成沿所述第一方向延伸的过风通道；所述逆变散热器沿所述第一方向至少部分正对所述过风通道。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的一种逆变装置，其特征在于：所述功率模块包括多个功率器件，多个功率器件中包括所述升压功率开关管和逆变功率开关管；
    所述散热结构包括多个沿所述第二方向间隔排布的所述风机，多个所述风机中具有一风机，其出风侧正对所述过风通道。
  5. 如权利要求4所述的一种逆变装置，其特征在于：所述多个功率器件中还包括升压功率电感；
    所述散热结构还包括设于所述各风机的进风侧的多个输入电感散热器，其用于为所述升压功率电感散热；
    多个风机中出风侧正对所述过风通道的所述风机，其进风侧正对两输入电感散热器的间隙。
  6. 如权利要求3-5中任一项所述的一种逆变装置，其特征在于：
    所述升压散热器具有升压散热基板和若干升压散热齿；所述升压散热基板垂直于第三方向设置，所述若干升压散热齿沿所述第二方向间隔排布且其齿高方向均平行于第三方向，所述第三方向与所述第一方向和第二方向均正交；
    所述逆变散热器具有逆变散热基板和逆变升压散热齿；所述逆变散热基板垂直于所述第三方向设置，所述若干逆变散热齿沿所述第二方向间隔排布且其齿高方向均平行于所述第三方向。
  7. 如权利要求6所述的一种逆变装置，其特征在于：还包括固设于所述壳体内的导风结 构，所述导风结构包括垂直于所述第三方向设置的第一导风板和第二导风板；
    所述第一导风板沿所述第三方向部分地罩设于所述升压散热器，且邻近所述升压散热齿的齿顶设置；
    所述第二导风板沿所述第三方向部分地罩设于所述逆变散热器，且邻近所述逆变散热齿的齿顶设置。
  8. 如权利要求7所述的一种逆变装置，其特征在于：所述导风结构还包括第三导风板；
    所述第三导风板在所述第一方向上位于所述第一导风板和所述风机之间，其平行于所述第二方向且与所述第一方向、第三方向均呈夹角设置，以将所述风机的送风气流引导至所述第一导风板朝向所述升压散热器的一侧。
  9. 一种逆变装置的功率控制方法，用于控制如权利要求4或5所述的逆变装置的输出功率；其特征在于，所述功率控制方法包括：
    采集各功率器件和/或各散热器的温度，监测各风机是否失效；
    在检测到逆变散热器和/或逆变功率开关管的温度超出预设范围时，判断为出风侧正对所述过风通道的所述风机失效，并在第一期间内将输出功率降低至第一阈值；
    在检测到其他散热器和/或其他功率器件的温度超出对应的预设范围且逆变散热器和/或逆变功率开关管的温度未超出其预设范围时，判断为其他风机失效，不进行输出功率的控制或在第一期间内将输出功率降低至第二阈值；其中，所述第二阈值高于第一阈值。
  10. 如权利要求9所述的一种逆变装置的功率控制方法，其特征在于：所述第一阈值为所述逆变装置额定输出功率的50％。
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