WO2022062017A1 - 线性电机 - Google Patents

线性电机 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022062017A1
WO2022062017A1 PCT/CN2020/123070 CN2020123070W WO2022062017A1 WO 2022062017 A1 WO2022062017 A1 WO 2022062017A1 CN 2020123070 W CN2020123070 W CN 2020123070W WO 2022062017 A1 WO2022062017 A1 WO 2022062017A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
friction member
linear motor
vibrator assembly
friction
housing
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2020/123070
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
刘少轩
钟文
浦晓峰
凌芳华
Original Assignee
瑞声声学科技(深圳)有限公司
瑞声光电科技(常州)有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 瑞声声学科技(深圳)有限公司, 瑞声光电科技(常州)有限公司 filed Critical 瑞声声学科技(深圳)有限公司
Publication of WO2022062017A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022062017A1/zh

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K41/00—Propulsion systems in which a rigid body is moved along a path due to dynamo-electric interaction between the body and a magnetic field travelling along the path
    • H02K41/02—Linear motors; Sectional motors
    • H02K41/03—Synchronous motors; Motors moving step by step; Reluctance motors
    • H02K41/031—Synchronous motors; Motors moving step by step; Reluctance motors of the permanent magnet type
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/34—Reciprocating, oscillating or vibrating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K33/00—Motors with reciprocating, oscillating or vibrating magnet, armature or coil system
    • H02K33/02—Motors with reciprocating, oscillating or vibrating magnet, armature or coil system with armatures moved one way by energisation of a single coil system and returned by mechanical force, e.g. by springs
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K33/00—Motors with reciprocating, oscillating or vibrating magnet, armature or coil system
    • H02K33/18—Motors with reciprocating, oscillating or vibrating magnet, armature or coil system with coil systems moving upon intermittent or reversed energisation thereof by interaction with a fixed field system, e.g. permanent magnets

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the technical field of electromagnetic motion, in particular to a linear motor.
  • the structure and shape of the existing damping parts are complex, and it needs to be punched by a die, which increases the cost of the die.
  • the realization of damping depends on the internal friction generated by the viscoelasticity of the damping member, so viscoelastic materials (such as porous elastomers, elastomer TPE, etc.) must be used, which increases the material cost, and for viscoelastic materials, when the damping material is used for a long time After the work is aged, its viscoelastic dissipation capacity is weakened, and the damping effect drops sharply at this time, which affects the performance of the product.
  • viscoelastic materials such as porous elastomers, elastomer TPE, etc.
  • the purpose of the present application is to provide a linear motor to solve the technical problems of high manufacturing cost and easy aging of materials of damping elements in traditional linear motors.
  • a linear motor includes a housing with a housing space, a vibrator assembly suspended in the housing space by an elastic member for reciprocating vibration along its vibration direction, and a stator assembly fixedly connected with the housing, the elastic member can To provide restoring force for the vibrator assembly, the linear motor further includes a friction member, the friction member is located between the vibrator assembly and the housing and fixed with one of the vibrator assembly and the housing connected, and the friction member is used to provide damping of the vibrator assembly in the form of friction force during the vibration of the vibrator assembly.
  • the friction member can be pre-compressed and disposed between the vibrator assembly and the housing in a compressed state.
  • the friction member is made of a magnetic material or a magnetic member is provided on the friction member, so as to be able to change its compression degree under the action of an external magnetic force.
  • the number of the elastic members is two, and the two elastic members are disposed opposite to each other along the vibration direction and correspond to two ends of the vibrator assembly one-to-one.
  • the elastic member is V-shaped, and the elastic member includes a first branch connected to the vibrator assembly, a second branch connected to the housing and connected to the first branch the branch and the elastic portion of the second branch.
  • At least one of the opposing surfaces of the first branch and the second branch is provided with a spacer.
  • the housing includes an upper cover and a lower cover disposed opposite to each other and a circumferential side wall between the upper cover and the lower cover, the upper cover, the lower cover The cover and the circumferential side wall are surrounded to form the receiving space, the friction member includes a first friction member and a second friction member, and the first friction member and the second friction member are respectively located in the vibrator assembly On both sides, the first friction member and the second friction member are located between the vibrator assembly and the circumferential side wall.
  • the housing includes an upper cover and a lower cover disposed opposite to each other and a circumferential side wall between the upper cover and the lower cover, the upper cover, the lower cover The cover and the circumferential side wall are surrounded to form the receiving space, the friction member includes a first friction member and a second friction member, and the first friction member and the second friction member are respectively located in the vibrator assembly On both sides, the first friction member is located between the vibrator assembly and the upper cover, and the second friction member is located between the vibrator assembly and the lower cover.
  • the number of the first friction members is multiple and distributed along the vibration direction
  • the number of the second friction members is multiple and distributed along the vibration direction
  • the linear motor further includes a circuit board for delivering electrical energy to the stator assembly, so that the stator assembly can generate a magnetic field, each of the first friction At least one of the member and each of the second friction members is provided with an escape portion for avoiding the circuit board.
  • the above-mentioned linear motor adopts a friction member arranged between the vibrator assembly and the casing, and the friction member is fixedly connected with one of the vibrator assembly and the casing, and is used to provide the vibration of the vibrator assembly in the form of friction during the vibration of the vibrator assembly. damping, thereby providing damping for the vibrator assembly instead of the damping member, avoiding the problems of high manufacturing cost and easy aging of materials caused by using the damping member, thereby improving the performance of the linear motor.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the spatial structure of a linear motor in an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 2 is the exploded schematic diagram of the linear motor shown in Fig. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a front view of the linear motor shown in FIG. 1 after removing the upper cover;
  • FIG. 4 is a front view of the linear motor shown in FIG. 1 after removing the lower cover;
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the spatial structure of a linear motor in another embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 6 is the exploded schematic diagram of the linear motor shown in Fig. 5;
  • FIG. 7 is a front view of the linear motor shown in FIG. 5 after removing the upper cover;
  • FIG. 8 is a front view of the linear motor shown in FIG. 5 with the lower cover removed.
  • the linear motor 10 includes a housing 100 , an elastic member 200 , a vibrator assembly 300 , a stator assembly 400 and a circuit board 500 .
  • the casing 100 has a receiving space 101 .
  • the housing 100 includes an upper cover 110 and a lower cover 120 disposed opposite to each other, and a circumferential side wall 130 located between the upper cover 110 and the lower cover 120 .
  • the upper cover 110 , the lower cover 120 and the circumferential side wall 130 are surrounded to form a receiving space 101 .
  • the upper cover 110 and the circumferential side wall 130 are connected by snap connection.
  • a connecting protrusion 131 is provided on the side of the circumferential side wall 130 opposite to the upper cover 110 , and a connecting groove 111 matching the connecting protrusion 131 is provided on the circumferential direction of the upper cover 110 .
  • the connecting protrusion 131 is accommodated in the connecting groove 111 and It is snapped with the upper cover 110 .
  • the upper cover 110 and the circumferential side wall 130 may also be integrated into one body by means of bonding or ultrasonic welding.
  • the circumferential side wall 130 and the lower cover 120 may be connected as a whole by means of clipping, bonding or ultrasonic welding.
  • the vibrator assembly 300 is suspended in the accommodating space 101 by the elastic member 200, and can vibrate back and forth along its vibration direction.
  • the elastic member 200 can provide restoring force for the vibrator assembly 300 .
  • the vibrator assembly 300 is disposed opposite to the stator assembly 400 .
  • stator assembly 400 includes coils 410 .
  • the vibrator assembly 300 includes a mass block 310 , a magnetic steel 320 and a pole core 330 .
  • the mass block 310 is provided with a through hole 311 for accommodating the magnetic steel 320 .
  • the magnetic steel 320 is fixedly connected to the mass block 310 , and includes two first magnetic steel parts 321 arranged at intervals and a second magnetic steel part 322 located between the two first magnetic steel parts 321 .
  • the second magnetic steel portion 322 is disposed coaxially with the coil 410 .
  • the first magnetic steel portion 321 is a permanent magnet
  • the second magnetic steel portion 322 may be a permanent magnet whose magnetization direction is opposite to that of the first magnetic steel portion 321, or may be a magnetic conductive body made of a magnetic conductive material. Magnetic effect.
  • Such a magnet structure can make the magnetic field lines of the magnetic field formed by the magnetic steel 320 pass through the coil 410 to the greatest extent, thereby improving the electromagnetic induction efficiency.
  • the magnetic steel 320 may also be a whole piece of magnetic steel 320 .
  • the pole core 330 is fixed on the side of the mass block 310 away from the coil 410 and covers the magnetic steel 320 . The arrangement of the pole core 330 can converge the magnetic flux lines diverged by the magnetic steel 320 to increase the magnetic flux density.
  • the circuit board 500 is used to transmit electrical energy to the stator assembly 400 so that the stator assembly 400 can generate a magnetic field.
  • the circuit board 500 is attached to the side of the lower cover 120 close to the circumferential side wall 130 and is electrically connected to the coil 410 through the circumferential side wall 130 , so that the coil 410 is energized and a magnetic field is generated.
  • the coil 410 is fixed on the lower cover 120 through the circuit board 500 .
  • the magnetic field generated by the coil 410 interacts with the magnetic field generated by the magnetic steel 320 , thereby driving the vibrator assembly 300 to vibrate back and forth in the vibration direction in the receiving space 101 .
  • the vibration direction is parallel to the direction indicated by the arrow X in FIG. 1 and FIG. 5 .
  • the number of the elastic members 200 is two, and the two elastic members 200 are disposed opposite to each other along the vibration direction and correspond to two ends of the vibrator assembly 300 one-to-one.
  • the elastic member 200 is an elastic sheet 200 .
  • the elastic member 200 is V-shaped, and the elastic member 200 includes a first branch 210 connected to the vibrator assembly 300 , a second branch 220 connected to the housing 100 , and an elastic portion connecting the first branch 210 and the second branch 220 230.
  • the first branch 210 is fixedly connected to the mass block 310
  • the second branch 220 is fixedly connected to the circumferential side wall 130 .
  • the first branch 210 and the second branch 220 alternately move towards each other and move away from each other.
  • the elastic member 200 may also be in a U-shape, and two ends of the elastic member 200 are respectively connected to the mass block 310 and the circumferential side wall 130 .
  • the gasket 240 is made of elastic materials such as foam, rubber, silica gel, etc., so as to buffer the collision when the elastic member 200 is deformed.
  • the above-mentioned spacer 240 is further disposed between the second branch 220 and the circumferential side wall 130 to further buffer the collision when the elastic member 200 is deformed.
  • the linear motor 10 further includes a friction member 600 , the friction member 600 is located between the vibrator assembly 300 and the housing 100 and is fixedly connected with one of the vibrator assembly 300 and the housing 100 , and the friction member 600 is used in the vibrator assembly 300
  • the damping of the vibrator assembly 300 is provided in the form of friction during vibration.
  • the friction member 600 can be fixedly connected with the vibrator assembly 300.
  • the friction member 600 moves with the vibrator assembly 300, and a frictional force is formed between the frictional member 600 and the housing 100.
  • the frictional force Damping of the vibrator assembly 300 can be provided.
  • the friction member 600 may be fixedly connected to the housing 100.
  • the friction member 600 and the vibrator assembly 300 move relative to each other, so that a frictional force can be formed between the frictional member 600 and the vibrator assembly 300.
  • the frictional force Damping of the vibrator assembly 300 can be provided. That is, the vibration energy is dissipated in the form of friction, so as to provide damping of the vibrator assembly 300 .
  • the above-mentioned linear motor 10 adopts a friction member 600 arranged between the vibrator assembly 300 and the housing 100, and the friction member 600 is fixedly connected with one of the vibrator assembly 300 and the housing 100, and is used for the vibration of the vibrator assembly 300.
  • the damping of the vibrator assembly 300 is provided in the form of friction, thereby providing damping for the vibrator assembly 300 instead of the damping member, avoiding the problems of high manufacturing cost and easy aging of materials caused by using the damping member, thereby improving the performance of the linear motor 10 .
  • the damping of the linear motor 10 has nothing to do with the viscoelastic properties of the friction member 600. Therefore, in addition to using viscoelastic materials, theoretically conventional materials such as metals and plastics in polymer materials (such as nylon, PC, etc.), porous elastic
  • the friction member 600 can be made of a material such as an elastic body, an elastic body TPE, etc., so as to be able to generate a frictional force during the vibration of the vibrator assembly 300 .
  • the structure of the friction member 600 is simple. For the friction member 600 made of metal, it can be connected to the housing 100 or the mass block 310 by welding.
  • the friction member 600 of polymer material, it can be connected by glue or welding, or directly
  • the friction member 600 is co-injected with the housing 100 or the mass 310, thereby greatly reducing the manufacturing cost.
  • the damping of the vibrator assembly 300 is provided by the friction between the friction member 600 and the housing 100 or the mass 310 , so even when the friction member 600 works for a long time, the damping provided by the friction member 600 will not be affected by the material of the friction member 600 . Aging effect, higher stability.
  • the friction member 600 can be pre-compressed and disposed between the vibrator assembly 300 and the housing 100 in a compressed state.
  • the amount of damping provided by the vibrator assembly 300 can be adjusted by controlling the pre-compression amount of the friction member 600 .
  • the friction member 600 is made of a magnetic material or a magnetic member is provided on the friction member 600, so as to be able to change its compression degree under the action of an external magnetic force. By controlling the magnitude of the applied magnetic force, the degree of compression of the friction member 600 can be changed, thereby adjusting the magnitude of the damping provided to the vibrator assembly 300 .
  • the friction member 600 is made of a magnetic material, for example, the friction member 600 may be made of one or more of iron, cobalt, nickel and alloys thereof.
  • a cavity is formed between the friction member 600 and its fixedly connected housing 100 or mass block 310, and the friction member 600 can approach the fixedly connected housing 100 or mass block 310 when subjected to an external magnetic force, so as to reduce the volume of the cavity Shrinkage, that is, the friction member 600 can be elastically deformed, and part of the friction member 600 is accommodated in the space occupied by the original cavity, so as to reduce the pressure acting on the housing 100 or the mass 310 sliding relative to the friction member 600 , thereby reducing the pressure on the vibrator assembly 300 During the vibration process, the friction force generated by the above-mentioned relative sliding is reduced, so as to reduce the damping provided by the vibrator assembly 300 .
  • the friction member 600 is provided with a magnetic member, and the magnetic member is made of a magnetic material, for example, the magnetic member can be made of one or more of iron, cobalt, nickel and alloys thereof.
  • the friction member 600 is made of elastic material.
  • the magnetic member is embedded in the friction member 600 or located on the side of the friction member 600 away from the applied magnetic force. When the magnetic member is subjected to the applied magnetic force, the magnetic member can compress or expand the friction member 600, thereby changing the friction force generated by the relative sliding during the vibration of the vibrator assembly 300. , to vary the damping provided to the vibrator assembly 300 .
  • the friction member 600 includes a first friction member 610 and a second friction member 620 .
  • the first friction member 610 and the second friction member 620 are located on both sides of the vibrator assembly 300 respectively.
  • the first friction member 610 and the second friction member 620 are both located between the vibrator assembly 300 and the circumferential side wall 130 .
  • the first friction member 610 and the second friction member 620 are both strip-shaped and extend parallel to the vibration direction.
  • the number of the first friction members 610 and the second friction members 620 may be multiple, and the first friction members 610 and the second friction members 620 are arranged side by side.
  • the friction member 600 includes a first friction member 610 and a second friction member 620 .
  • the first friction member 610 and the second friction member 620 are respectively located on two sides of the vibrator assembly 300 .
  • the first friction member 610 is located between the vibrator assembly 300 and the upper cover 110
  • the second friction member 620 is located between the vibrator assembly 300 and the lower cover 120 .
  • the number of the first friction members 610 is multiple and distributed along the vibration direction
  • the number of the second friction members 620 is multiple and distributed along the vibration direction.
  • At least one of the second friction members 620 is provided with an escape portion 621 for avoiding the circuit board 500 , and the other second friction members 620 are also provided with an escape portion 621 for force balance.
  • the number of the first friction members 610 is two in strip shape and extends perpendicular to the vibration direction. The above-mentioned two first friction members 610 are located on both sides of the mass block 310 along the vibration direction. Due to the existence of the avoidance portion 621, the second friction member 620 is divided into two independent friction portions 622, and the two friction portions 622 are symmetrically arranged along the vibration direction.
  • the shape of the friction member 600 and the distribution of the friction member 600 may also be in other forms. Between the side walls 130 , they are also arranged between the mass block 310 and the upper cover 110 and between the mass block 310 and the lower cover 120 , and their specific forms can be designed according to the requirements for providing damping of the vibrator assembly 300 .

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Reciprocating, Oscillating Or Vibrating Motors (AREA)
  • Apparatuses For Generation Of Mechanical Vibrations (AREA)

Abstract

一种线性电机，该线性电机包括具有收容空间（101）的壳体（100），通过弹性件（200）悬置于收容空间（101）内沿其振动方向往复振动的振子组件（300）以及与壳体（100）固定连接的定子组件（400），弹性件（200）能够为振子组件（300）提供回复力，线性电机还包括摩擦件（600）。上述线性电机，采用在振子组件（300）和壳体（100）之间设置摩擦件（600），该摩擦件（600）与振子组件（300）和壳体（100）中的一者固定连接，用于在振子组件（300）振动过程中以摩擦力的形式提供振子组件（300）的阻尼，从而代替阻尼件为振子组件（300）提供阻尼，避免了在使用阻尼件时造成的制作成本过高和材质易老化问题，进而提升了线性电机的性能。

Description

线性电机 技术领域
本申请涉及电磁运动技术领域，具体涉及一种线性电机。
 背景技术
传统的线性电机通过振子两端的弹簧提供支撑和回复力，为了控制振子的振动范围，常需要设计阻尼件来提高响应。振子在振动过程中压缩阻尼件，利用阻尼件的粘弹性产生能量耗散，提供振子的阻尼。
 技术问题
现有阻尼件结构形状复杂，需要采用模具冲裁加工，增加了模具成本。另外，阻尼的实现依赖阻尼件的粘弹性产生的内摩擦，因此必须用粘弹性材料（如多孔弹性体，弹性体TPE等），增加了材料成本，并且对于粘弹性材料，当阻尼材料长时间工作发生老化之后，其粘弹性耗散能力减弱，此时阻尼效果急剧下降，影响产品性能。
 技术解决方案
本申请的目的在于提供一种线性电机，以解决传统线性电机中阻尼件的制作成本高且材质易老化的技术问题。
为实现上述目的，本申请的技术方案如下：
一种线性电机，包括具有收容空间的壳体，通过弹性件悬置于所述收容空间内沿其振动方向往复振动的振子组件以及与所述壳体固定连接的定子组件，所述弹性件能够为所述振子组件提供回复力，所述线性电机还包括摩擦件，所述摩擦件位于所述振子组件和所述壳体之间且与所述振子组件和所述壳体中的一者固定连接，所述摩擦件用于在所述振子组件振动过程中以摩擦力的形式提供所述振子组件的阻尼。
在所述线性电机的一些实施例中，所述摩擦件能够被预压缩，并以压缩状态设置在所述振子组件和所述壳体之间。
在所述线性电机的一些实施例中，所述摩擦件由磁性材料制成或所述摩擦件上设置有磁性件，以能够在外加磁力作用下改变其压缩程度。
在所述线性电机的一些实施例中，所述弹性件的数量为两个，两个所述弹性件沿所述振动方向相对设置且一一对应于所述振子组件的两端。
在所述线性电机的一些实施例中，所述弹性件呈V字型，所述弹性件包括与振子组件连接的第一分支、与所述壳体连接的第二分支以及连接所述第一分支和所述第二分支的弹力部。
在所述线性电机的一些实施例中，所述第一分支与所述第二分支相对的表面中的至少一者上设置有垫片。
在所述线性电机的一些实施例中，所述壳体包括相对设置的上盖和下盖以及位于所述上盖和所述下盖之间周向侧壁，所述上盖、所述下盖和所述周向侧壁围设形成所述收容空间，所述摩擦件包括第一摩擦件和第二摩擦件，所述第一摩擦件和所述第二摩擦件分别位于所述振子组件两侧，所述第一摩擦件和所述第二摩擦件均位于所述振子组件与所述周向侧壁之间。
在所述线性电机的一些实施例中，所述壳体包括相对设置的上盖和下盖以及位于所述上盖和所述下盖之间周向侧壁，所述上盖、所述下盖和所述周向侧壁围设形成所述收容空间，所述摩擦件包括第一摩擦件和第二摩擦件，所述第一摩擦件和所述第二摩擦件分别位于所述振子组件两侧，所述第一摩擦件位于所述振子组件与所述上盖之间，所述第二摩擦件位于所述振子组件与所述下盖之间。
在所述线性电机的一些实施例中，所述第一摩擦件的数量为多个且沿所述振动方向分布，所述第二摩擦件的数量为多个且沿所述振动方向分布。
在所述线性电机的一些实施例中，所述线性电机还包括线路板，所述线路板用于向所述定子组件输送电能，以使所述定子组件能够产生磁场，各所述第一摩擦件和各所述第二摩擦件中的至少一者设有用于避让所述线路板的避让部。
 有益效果
本申请的有益效果在于：
上述线性电机，采用在振子组件和壳体之间设置摩擦件，该摩擦件与振子组件和壳体中的一者固定连接，用于在振子组件振动过程中以摩擦力的形式提供振子组件的阻尼，从而代替阻尼件为振子组件提供阻尼，避免了在使用阻尼件时造成的制作成本过高和材质易老化问题，进而提升了线性电机的性能。
 附图说明
图1为本申请的一实施方式中线性电机的空间结构示意图；
图2为图1所示线性马达的爆炸示意图；
图3为图1所示线性马达去掉上盖后的主视图；
图4为图1所示线性马达去掉下盖后的主视图；
图5为本申请的另一实施方式中线性电机的空间结构示意图；
图6为图5所示线性马达的爆炸示意图；
图7为图5所示线性马达去掉上盖后的主视图；
图8为图5所示线性马达去掉下盖后的主视图。
 本发明的实施方式
下面结合附图和实施方式对本申请作进一步说明。
请一并结合图1至图8，现对本申请提供的线性电机10进行说明。该线性电机10，包括壳体100、弹性件200、振子组件300、定子组件400和线路板500。该壳体100具有收容空间101。具体地，壳体100包括相对设置的上盖110和下盖120以及位于上盖110与下盖120之间的周向侧壁130。上盖110、下盖120和周向侧壁130围设形成收容空间101。本实施例中，上盖110与周向侧壁130通过卡接连接。具体地，周向侧壁130相对上盖110的一侧设有连接凸起131，上盖110的周向设有与连接凸起131相匹配的连接槽111，连接凸起131收容于连接槽111并与上盖110卡接。可以理解为在其他实施例中，上盖110与周向侧壁130还可以通过粘结或超声波焊接等方式连为一体。同样的，周向侧壁130与下盖120之间可通过卡接、粘结或超声波焊接等方式连为一体。
进一步地，振子组件300通过弹性件200悬置于收容空间101内，并能够沿其振动方向往复振动。弹性件200能够为振子组件300提供回复力。进一步地，振子组件300与定子组件400相对设置。具体地，定子组件400包括线圈410。振子组件300包括质量块310、磁钢320和极芯330。该质量块310设有用于收容磁钢320的通孔311。本实施例中，磁钢320与质量块310固定连接，其包括间隔设置的两个第一磁钢部321和位于两个第一磁钢部321之间的第二磁钢部322。第二磁钢部322与线圈410同轴设置。其中，第一磁钢部321为永磁体，第二磁钢部322可以为与第一磁钢部321充磁方向相反的永磁体，也可以为导磁材料制成的导磁体，导磁体起导磁作用。这种磁体结构可以使得磁钢320形成的磁场的磁感线最大程度的穿过线圈410，从而提高电磁感应效率。当然，磁钢320还可以为一整块磁钢320。进一步地，极芯330固设于质量块310远离线圈410的一侧并覆盖磁钢320。极芯330的设置可以汇聚磁钢320发散的磁感线以提高磁感应强度。
本实施例中，线路板500用于向定子组件400输送电能，以使定子组件400能够产生磁场。具体地，线路板500贴设于下盖120靠近周向侧壁130一侧并穿过周向侧壁130与线圈410电连接，以使线圈410得电并产生磁场。线圈410通过线路板500固定在下盖120上。线圈410产生的磁场与磁钢320产生的磁场互相作用，从而驱动振子组件300在收容空间101内沿振动方向往复振动。本实施例中，振动方向平行于图1和图5中箭头X所指方向。
进一步地，弹性件200的数量为两个，两个弹性件200沿振动方向相对设置且一一对应于振子组件300的两端。本实施例中，弹性件200为弹性片200。具体地，弹性件200呈V字型，弹性件200包括与振子组件300连接的第一分支210、与壳体100连接的第二分支220以及连接第一分支210和第二分支220的弹力部230。本实施例中，第一分支210与质量块310固定连接，第二分支220与周向侧壁130固定连接。振子组件300在振动过程中，第一分支210与第二分支220交替发生相互靠近移动和相互远离移动。可以理解为在其他实施例中，弹性件200还可以呈U型，其两端分别与质量块310和周向侧壁130连接。
进一步地，第一分支210与第二分支220相对的表面中的至少一者上设置有垫片240。该垫片240采用泡沫、橡胶、硅胶等弹性材料制成，以缓冲弹性件200变形时的碰撞。本实施例中，第二分支220与周向侧壁130之间还设置有上述垫片240，以进一步缓冲弹性件200变形时的碰撞。
进一步地，线性电机10还包括摩擦件600，摩擦件600位于振子组件300和壳体100之间且与振子组件300和壳体100中的一者固定连接，摩擦件600用于在振子组件300振动过程中以摩擦力的形式提供振子组件300的阻尼。具体地，该摩擦件600可与振子组件300固定连接，在振子组件300振动过程中，摩擦件600随振子组件300移动，并在摩擦件600与壳体100之间形成摩擦力，该摩擦力能够提供振子组件300的阻尼。或者，该摩擦件600可与壳体100固定连接，在振子组件300振动过程中，摩擦件600与振子组件300相对移动，能够在摩擦件600与振子组件300之间形成摩擦力，该摩擦力能够提供振子组件300的阻尼。即以摩擦的形式进行振动能量耗散，以此提供振子组件300的阻尼。上述线性电机10，采用在振子组件300和壳体100之间设置摩擦件600，该摩擦件600与振子组件300和壳体100中的一者固定连接，用于在振子组件300振动过程中以摩擦力的形式提供振子组件300的阻尼，从而代替阻尼件为振子组件300提供阻尼，避免了在使用阻尼件时造成的制作成本过高和材质易老化问题，进而提升了线性电机10的性能。
进一步地，线性电机10的阻尼与摩擦件600的粘弹性属性无关，因此除采用粘弹性材料外，理论上常规材料，如金属以及高分子材料中的塑料（如尼龙，PC等）、多孔弹性体、弹性体TPE等都可以作为摩擦件600的制备材质，以能够在振子组件300振动过程中产生摩擦力即可。摩擦件600的结构简单，对于金属材质的摩擦件600，其可以焊接连接到壳体100或质量块310上，对于高分子材质的摩擦件600，可以采用胶水连接或者焊接方式连接，也可以直接将摩擦件600与壳体100或者质量块310共注射成型，从而极大降低制造成本。振子组件300的阻尼是通过摩擦件600与壳体100或质量块310之间的摩擦提供的，因此即使在摩擦件600长时间工作的情况下，其提供的阻尼不会受摩擦件600的材质老化影响，稳定性更高。
进一步地，摩擦件600能够被预压缩，并以压缩状态设置在振子组件300和壳体100之间。可通过控制摩擦件600的预压缩量调节提供振子组件300的阻尼大小。
进一步地，摩擦件600由磁性材料制成或摩擦件600上设置有磁性件，以能够在外加磁力作用下改变其压缩程度。通过控制外加磁力的大小可以改变摩擦件600的压缩程度，进而调节提供振子组件300的阻尼大小。
具体地，在一个实施例中，摩擦件600由磁性材料制成，例如，摩擦件600可由铁、钴、镍及其合金中的一种或多种材料制成。该摩擦件600与其固定连接的壳体100或质量块310之间围设形成腔体，摩擦件600能够在受到外加磁力时靠近与其固定连接的壳体100或质量块310，以将腔体体积缩小，即摩擦件600能够发生弹性形变，其部分收容于原腔体所占空间内，从而降低作用在与摩擦件600相对滑动的壳体100或质量块310上的压力，进而在振子组件300振动过程中降低上述相对滑动产生的摩擦力，以降低提供振子组件300的阻尼。随着外加磁力的增大，可进一步降低提供振子组件300的阻尼。相反的，随着外加磁力的减弱，摩擦件600逐渐恢复原状，作用在与摩擦件600相对滑动的壳体100或质量块310上的压力逐渐增大，进而在振子组件300振动过程中增加上述相对滑动产生的摩擦力，以增加提供振子组件300的阻尼。在另一个实施例中，摩擦件600上设置有磁性件，该磁性件由磁性材料制成，例如，磁性件可由铁、钴、镍及其合金中的一种或多种材料制成。摩擦件600由弹性材料制成。磁性件嵌入摩擦件600或位于摩擦件600远离外加磁力一侧，在受到外加磁力时，磁性件能够将摩擦件600压缩或扩张，进而在振子组件300振动过程中改变上述相对滑动产生的摩擦力，以改变提供振子组件300的阻尼。
请一并结合图1至图4，在一实施方式中，摩擦件600包括第一摩擦件610和第二摩擦件620，第一摩擦件610和第二摩擦件620分别位于振子组件300两侧，第一摩擦件610和第二摩擦件620均位于振子组件300与周向侧壁130之间。本实施方式中，第一摩擦件610和第二摩擦件620均呈条状且沿平行于振动方向延伸。第一摩擦件610和第二摩擦件620的数量可为多个，各第一摩擦件610和各第二摩擦件620均并排设置。
请一并结合图5至图8，在另一实施方式中，摩擦件600包括第一摩擦件610和第二摩擦件620，第一摩擦件610和第二摩擦件620分别位于振子组件300两侧，第一摩擦件610位于振子组件300与上盖110之间，第二摩擦件620位于振子组件300与下盖120之间。进一步地，第一摩擦件610的数量为多个且沿振动方向分布，第二摩擦件620的数量为多个且沿振动方向分布。各第二摩擦件620中的至少一个第二摩擦件620设有用于避让线路板500的避让部621，而为了受力平衡，其余第二摩擦件620同样设有避让部621。本实施方式中，第一摩擦件610的数量为两个且呈条状，并沿垂直于振动方向延伸。上述两个第一摩擦件610位于质量块310沿振动方向上的两侧。而由于避让部621的存在，第二摩擦件620分隔成两个独立的摩擦部622，该两个摩擦部622沿振动方向对称设置。
可以理解为在其他实施例中，摩擦件600的形状以及摩擦件600的分布还可以为其他形式，例如，摩擦件600只设置在质量块310的一侧，或者既设置在质量块310与周向侧壁130之间，又设置在质量块310与上盖110之间以及质量块310与下盖120之间，其具体形式，可根据提供振子组件300的阻尼的要求进行设计。
以上所述的仅是本申请的实施方式，在此应当指出，对于本领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本申请创造构思的前提下，还可以做出改进，但这些均属于本申请的保护范围。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种线性电机，包括具有收容空间的壳体，通过弹性件悬置于所述收容空间内沿其振动方向往复振动的振子组件以及与所述壳体固定连接的定子组件，所述弹性件能够为所述振子组件提供回复力，其特征在于，所述线性电机还包括摩擦件，所述摩擦件位于所述振子组件和所述壳体之间且与所述振子组件和所述壳体中的一者固定连接，所述摩擦件用于在所述振子组件振动过程中以摩擦力的形式提供所述振子组件的阻尼。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的线性电机，其特征在于，所述摩擦件能够被预压缩，并以压缩状态设置在所述振子组件和所述壳体之间。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的线性电机，其特征在于，所述摩擦件由磁性材料制成或所述摩擦件上设置有磁性件，以能够在外加磁力作用下改变其压缩程度。
  4. 根据权利要求1~3任一权利要求所述的线性电机，其特征在于，所述弹性件的数量为两个，两个所述弹性件沿所述振动方向相对设置且一一对应于所述振子组件的两端。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的线性电机，其特征在于，所述弹性件呈V字型，所述弹性件包括与振子组件连接的第一分支、与所述壳体连接的第二分支以及连接所述第一分支和所述第二分支的弹力部。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的线性电机，其特征在于，所述第一分支与所述第二分支相对的表面中的至少一者上设置有垫片。
  7. 根据权利要求4所述的线性电机，其特征在于，所述壳体包括相对设置的上盖和下盖以及位于所述上盖和所述下盖之间周向侧壁，所述上盖、所述下盖和所述周向侧壁围设形成所述收容空间，所述摩擦件包括第一摩擦件和第二摩擦件，所述第一摩擦件和所述第二摩擦件分别位于所述振子组件两侧，所述第一摩擦件和所述第二摩擦件均位于所述振子组件与所述周向侧壁之间。
  8. 根据权利要求4所述的线性电机，其特征在于，所述壳体包括相对设置的上盖和下盖以及位于所述上盖和所述下盖之间周向侧壁，所述上盖、所述下盖和所述周向侧壁围设形成所述收容空间，所述摩擦件包括第一摩擦件和第二摩擦件，所述第一摩擦件和所述第二摩擦件分别位于所述振子组件两侧，所述第一摩擦件位于所述振子组件与所述上盖之间，所述第二摩擦件位于所述振子组件与所述下盖之间。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的线性电机，其特征在于，所述第一摩擦件的数量为多个且沿所述振动方向分布，所述第二摩擦件的数量为多个且沿所述振动方向分布。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的线性电机，其特征在于，所述线性电机还包括线路板，所述线路板用于向所述定子组件输送电能，以使所述定子组件能够产生磁场，各所述第一摩擦件和各所述第二摩擦件中的至少一者设有用于避让所述线路板的避让部。
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