WO2022057661A1 - 数据传输及链路质量检测方法、通信装置及存储介质 - Google Patents

数据传输及链路质量检测方法、通信装置及存储介质 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022057661A1
WO2022057661A1 PCT/CN2021/116732 CN2021116732W WO2022057661A1 WO 2022057661 A1 WO2022057661 A1 WO 2022057661A1 CN 2021116732 W CN2021116732 W CN 2021116732W WO 2022057661 A1 WO2022057661 A1 WO 2022057661A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
terminal
user plane
plane function
data
quality
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PCT/CN2021/116732
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
李汉成
胡伟华
吴问付
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华为技术有限公司
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Priority claimed from CN202010981900.4A external-priority patent/CN114205854B/zh
Application filed by 华为技术有限公司 filed Critical 华为技术有限公司
Priority to JP2023517664A priority Critical patent/JP2023542669A/ja
Priority to EP21868486.8A priority patent/EP4195755A4/en
Publication of WO2022057661A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022057661A1/zh
Priority to US18/184,724 priority patent/US20230217300A1/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W24/00—Supervisory, monitoring or testing arrangements
    • H04W24/08—Testing, supervising or monitoring using real traffic
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B17/00—Monitoring; Testing
    • H04B17/30—Monitoring; Testing of propagation channels
    • H04B17/309—Measuring or estimating channel quality parameters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W28/00—Network traffic management; Network resource management
    • H04W28/02—Traffic management, e.g. flow control or congestion control
    • H04W28/0268—Traffic management, e.g. flow control or congestion control using specific QoS parameters for wireless networks, e.g. QoS class identifier [QCI] or guaranteed bit rate [GBR]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W28/00—Network traffic management; Network resource management
    • H04W28/16—Central resource management; Negotiation of resources or communication parameters, e.g. negotiating bandwidth or QoS [Quality of Service]
    • H04W28/24—Negotiating SLA [Service Level Agreement]; Negotiating QoS [Quality of Service]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W72/00—Local resource management
    • H04W72/50—Allocation or scheduling criteria for wireless resources
    • H04W72/54—Allocation or scheduling criteria for wireless resources based on quality criteria
    • H04W72/542—Allocation or scheduling criteria for wireless resources based on quality criteria using measured or perceived quality

Definitions

  • the embodiments of the present application relate to the field of communications, and in particular, to a data transmission and link quality detection method, a communication device, and a storage medium.
  • a fifth-generation (5th-generation, 5G) network can provide end-to-end service data transmission between two terminals.
  • terminal 1 can send service data to terminal 2 through the 5G network.
  • a possible scenario for implementing end-to-end service data transmission using a 5G network is that two terminals share the same user plane function (UPF), and service data between the two terminals is forwarded through the shared UPF.
  • UPF user plane function
  • terminal 1 and terminal 2 share the same UPF
  • terminal 1 can first send service data to the UPF, and the UPF can forward the received service data to terminal 2 to realize service data transmission from terminal 1 to terminal 2.
  • Another possible scenario for implementing end-to-end service data transmission using a 5G network is that two terminals are connected to different UPFs respectively, and service data between the two terminals is forwarded through the UPFs connected to the two terminals respectively.
  • terminal 1 when terminal 1 is connected to UPF1 and terminal 2 is connected to UPF2, terminal 1 can first send service data to UPF1, UPF1 can forward the received service data to UPF2, and UPF2 can then forward the received service data to terminal 2, Realize service data transmission from terminal 1 to terminal 2.
  • the 5G network can be used between the two terminals.
  • the service data transmission provides end-to-end QoS guarantee.
  • the 5G network can only provide QoS guarantee for the service data transmission between each terminal and the UPF corresponding to the terminal, and cannot provide QoS guarantees between the two terminals. Overall end-to-end QoS guarantee.
  • Embodiments of the present application provide a data transmission and link quality detection method, a communication device, and a storage medium, which can provide overall end-to-end QoS guarantee between two terminals.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a data transmission method, the method includes: a first user plane function receives data from a first terminal, the data is data sent to a second terminal; the first user plane function passes The first quality of service flow sends data to a second user plane function, where the second user plane function is a user plane function corresponding to the second terminal.
  • data transmission is performed between the first user plane function and the second user plane function through the first quality of service flow, and between the first terminal and the first user plane function, and between the second terminal and the second user plane
  • Data transmission between functions can also be performed based on the quality of service flow, so the entire transmission path from the first terminal to the second terminal can provide reliable quality of service guarantee for the data sent by the first terminal to the second terminal.
  • the data includes a link detection indication
  • the method further includes: inserting, by the first user plane function, the first terminal into the first user plane in the data according to the link detection indication The link quality information of the transmission path of the function, or the link quality information of the transmission path inserted from the access network device of the first terminal to the first user plane function.
  • the first user plane function inserts the link quality information of the transmission path from the first terminal to the first user plane function into the data.
  • the first user plane function inserts the link quality information of the transmission path from the access network device of the first terminal to the first user plane function into the data.
  • all devices in the transmission path from the first terminal to the second terminal such as: access network equipment of the first terminal, first user plane function, second user plane function, and access network equipment of the second terminal etc.
  • the link quality information of the transmission path between the last transmission device and the transmission path can be inserted into the data.
  • the last transmission device refers to the first user plane function.
  • the first terminal can finally obtain the link quality information of the entire transmission path from the first terminal to the second terminal, so as to facilitate the subsequent selection of an appropriate link based on the link quality information of the entire transmission path from the first terminal to the second terminal
  • the transmission path sends data to the second terminal.
  • the second terminal can finally obtain the link quality information of the entire transmission path from the second terminal to the first terminal, so as to subsequently select an appropriate transmission path for sending according to the link quality information of the entire transmission path from the second terminal to the first terminal data to the first terminal.
  • the method further includes: the first user plane function sends a first link detection request to the first terminal; the first user plane function receives the first user plane function from the first terminal to the first Link quality information of the transmission path of the terminal.
  • the first user plane function can obtain the link quality information of the transmission path from the first user plane function to the first terminal on the first terminal side.
  • the second user plane function may also send a link detection request to the second terminal, so as to obtain the link quality information of the transmission path from the second user plane function to the second terminal on the second terminal side.
  • the method further includes: the first user plane function receives a second link detection request from the second user plane function; the first user plane function sends the first user plane to the second user plane function Link quality information of the transmission path from the function to the first terminal, and link quality information of the transmission path from the second user plane function to the first user plane function.
  • the second user plane function can obtain the link quality information of the transmission path from the first user plane function to the first terminal, and the link quality information of the transmission path from the second user plane function to the first user plane function.
  • the first user plane function can also send a link detection request to the second user plane function, so as to obtain the link quality information of the transmission path from the second user plane function to the second terminal, and the link quality information of the transmission path from the second user plane function to the second terminal. Link quality information of the transmission path of the second user plane function.
  • the method further includes: the first user plane function sends a third link detection request to the second user plane function; the first user plane function receives the first link detection request from the second user plane function Link quality information of the transmission path from the user plane function to the second user plane function, and link quality information of the transmission path from the second user plane function to the second terminal.
  • the first user plane function it can obtain the link quality information of the transmission path from the first terminal to the first user plane function. Therefore, the first user plane function can send the link quality information of the transmission path from the first terminal to the first user plane function and the link quality information of the transmission path from the first user plane function to the second user plane function to the first terminal , and link quality information of the transmission path from the second user plane function to the second terminal.
  • the first terminal can finally obtain the link quality information of the entire transmission path from the first terminal to the second terminal, so as to facilitate the subsequent selection of an appropriate link based on the link quality information of the entire transmission path from the first terminal to the second terminal
  • the transmission path sends data to the second terminal.
  • the second user plane function can obtain the link quality information of the transmission path from the second terminal to the second user plane function.
  • the second terminal can also obtain link quality information of the transmission path from the first user plane function to the first terminal, and link quality information of the transmission path from the second user plane function to the first user plane function. Therefore, the second user plane function can send the link quality information of the transmission path from the second terminal to the second user plane function and the link quality information of the transmission path from the second user plane function to the first user plane function to the second terminal , and link quality information of the transmission path from the first user plane function to the first terminal.
  • the second terminal can finally obtain the link quality information of the entire transmission path from the second terminal to the first terminal, so as to subsequently select an appropriate link quality information according to the link quality information of the entire transmission path from the second terminal to the first terminal
  • the transmission path sends data to the first terminal.
  • the link quality information of the transmission path from the first user plane function to the second user plane function includes: a timestamp when the second user plane function receives the third link detection request, and the second user plane function The time stamp when the function sends link quality information.
  • the method further includes: the first user plane function determines the link of the transmission path from the first user plane function to the second user plane function according to the link quality information of the transmission path from the first user plane function to the second user plane function quality.
  • the first user plane function receiving data from the first terminal includes: the first user plane function receiving data from the first terminal through the second quality of service flow; the method further includes: The first user plane function determines the first quality of service flow corresponding to the second quality of service flow according to the correspondence between the second quality of service flow and the first quality of service flow.
  • the correspondence between the second QoS flow and the first QoS flow is based on the QoS requirements that the second QoS flow can satisfy (or the QoS capability possessed) and the QoS requirements that can be satisfied by the first QoS flow. determined by QoS requirements.
  • the method further includes: the first user plane function receives first configuration information from the first session management function, where the first configuration information is used to indicate the second quality of service flow and the first quality of service flow Correspondence between.
  • the correspondence between the second QoS flow and the first QoS flow may be configured to the first user plane function by the session management function corresponding to the first user plane function.
  • the first configuration information includes identification information of the second quality of service flow and identification information of the first quality of service flow corresponding to the second quality of service flow.
  • the identification information of the second quality of service flow and the identification information of the first quality of service flow corresponding to the second quality of service flow may be QFI.
  • the first configuration information further includes identification information of the first interface
  • the first interface is an interface between the first user plane function and the second user plane function
  • the first configuration information is used to indicate the first interface
  • the user plane function sends data to the second user plane function through the first quality of service flow in the first interface.
  • the identification information of the second quality of service flow and the first quality of service flow are the same.
  • the first user plane function receiving data from the first terminal includes: the first user plane function receiving data from the first terminal through the second quality of service flow; the method further includes : The first user plane function determines the first interface corresponding to the second quality of service flow according to the correspondence between the second quality of service flow and the first interface, and determines the first quality of service flow corresponding to the first interface, and the third An interface is the interface between the first user plane function and the second user plane function.
  • the correspondence between the second QoS flow and the first interface is determined according to the QoS requirements that the second QoS flow can meet and the QoS requirements that the first interface can meet.
  • the method further includes: the first user plane function receives first configuration information from the first session management function, where the first configuration information is used to indicate the connection between the second quality of service flow and the first interface corresponding relationship.
  • the correspondence between the second QoS flow and the first QoS flow may also be configured to the first user plane function by the session management function corresponding to the first user plane function.
  • the first configuration information includes identification information of the second quality of service flow and identification information of the first interface corresponding to the second quality of service flow.
  • the method further includes: the first user plane function determines the first quality of service flow corresponding to the data characteristic of the data according to the correspondence between the data characteristic and the first quality of service flow.
  • the first user plane function receives first configuration information from the first session management function, where the first configuration information is used to indicate the correspondence between the data feature and the first quality of service flow.
  • the first configuration information includes data features and identification information of the first quality of service flow corresponding to the data features.
  • the first configuration information further includes identification information of the first interface
  • the first interface is an interface between the first user plane function and the second user plane function
  • the first configuration information is used to indicate the first interface
  • the user plane function sends the data to the second user plane function through the first quality of service flow in the first interface.
  • the method further includes: according to the correspondence between the data feature and the first interface, the first user plane function determines the first interface corresponding to the data feature of the data, and determines the first interface corresponding to the data feature and the first interface.
  • the method further includes: the first user plane function receives first configuration information from the first session management function, where the first configuration information is used to indicate the correspondence between the data feature and the first interface .
  • the first configuration information includes data features and identification information of the first interface corresponding to the data features.
  • the data includes a user tunnel identifier, and the user tunnel identifier is used to indicate that the data is the data sent by the first terminal to the second terminal.
  • the first UPF can determine that it is an end-to-end forwarding service according to the user tunnel identifier in the received data, and further communicate with 5G
  • the LAN services are distinguished.
  • the packets of the 5G LAN services are forwarded based on the destination address in the packets, while the end-to-end services in the embodiment of this application are forwarded based on the flow, and the UPF does not perceive the destination address in the packets.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a communication device.
  • the device has the function of implementing the method described in the first aspect above.
  • the functions can be implemented by hardware, or by executing corresponding software by hardware.
  • the hardware or software includes one or more units or modules corresponding to the functions of the method described in the first aspect, for example, a receiving unit, a sending unit, and the like.
  • the receiving unit is configured to receive data from the first terminal, where the data is sent to the second terminal; the sending unit is configured to send the data to the second user plane function through the first quality of service flow, and the second
  • the user plane function is a user plane function corresponding to the second terminal.
  • the data includes a link detection indication
  • the sending unit is further configured to insert the link quality of the transmission path from the first terminal to the first user plane function into the data according to the link detection indication information, or, link quality information of the transmission path from the access network device of the first terminal to the first user plane function.
  • the sending unit is further configured to send a first link detection request to the first terminal; the receiving unit is further configured to receive a transmission path from the first user plane function from the first terminal to the first terminal link quality information.
  • the receiving unit is further configured to receive a second link detection request from the second user plane function; the sending unit is further configured to send the first user plane function to the first user plane function to the second user plane function Link quality information of the transmission path of the terminal, and link quality information of the transmission path from the second user plane function to the first user plane function.
  • the sending unit is further configured to send a third link detection request to the second user plane function;
  • the receiving unit is further configured to receive the first user plane function to the second user plane function from the second user plane function Link quality information of the transmission path of the user plane function and link quality information of the transmission path of the second user plane function to the second terminal;
  • the sending unit is further configured to send the first terminal to the first user plane to the first terminal link quality information of the transmission path of the function, link quality information of the transmission path of the first user plane function to the second user plane function, and link quality information of the transmission path of the second user plane function to the second terminal .
  • the link quality information of the transmission path from the first user plane function to the second user plane function includes: a timestamp when the second user plane function receives the third link detection request, and the second user plane function The time stamp when the function sends link quality information.
  • the apparatus further includes: a processing unit configured to determine the link of the transmission path from the first user plane function to the second user plane function according to the link quality information of the transmission path from the first user plane function to the second user plane function quality.
  • the receiving unit is specifically configured to receive data from the first terminal through the second quality of service flow;
  • the apparatus further includes: a processing unit, configured to receive data from the first terminal according to the second quality of service flow and the first quality of service The correspondence between the flows determines the first quality of service flow corresponding to the second quality of service flow.
  • the receiving unit is further configured to receive first configuration information from the first session management function, where the first configuration information is used to indicate the correspondence between the second QoS flow and the first QoS flow .
  • the first configuration information includes identification information of the second quality of service flow and identification information of the first quality of service flow corresponding to the second quality of service flow.
  • the first configuration information further includes identification information of the first interface, and the first configuration information is used to instruct the sending unit to send to the second user plane function in the first interface through the first quality of service flow data.
  • the identification information of the second quality of service flow and the first quality of service flow are the same.
  • the receiving unit is specifically configured to receive data from the first terminal through the second quality of service flow; the apparatus further includes: a processing unit, configured to interface with the first terminal according to the second quality of service flow The corresponding relationship between the two is determined, the first interface corresponding to the second quality of service flow is determined, and the first quality of service flow corresponding to the first interface is determined.
  • the receiving unit is further configured to receive first configuration information from the first session management function, where the first configuration information is used to indicate the correspondence between the second quality of service flow and the first interface.
  • the first configuration information includes identification information of the second quality of service flow and identification information of the first interface corresponding to the second quality of service flow.
  • the apparatus further includes: a processing unit, configured to determine the first quality of service flow corresponding to the data characteristic of the data according to the correspondence between the data characteristic and the first quality of service flow .
  • the receiving unit is further configured to receive first configuration information from the first session management function, where the first configuration information is used to indicate the correspondence between the data feature and the first quality of service flow.
  • the first configuration information includes data features and identification information of the first quality of service flow corresponding to the data features.
  • the first configuration information further includes identification information of the first interface, where the first configuration information is used to instruct the sending unit to flow to the second user plane through the first quality of service in the first interface function to send the data.
  • the apparatus further includes: a processing unit, configured to determine the first interface corresponding to the data characteristic of the data according to the correspondence between the data characteristic and the first interface, and determine the first interface corresponding to the data characteristic of the data The first quality of service flow corresponding to the first interface.
  • a processing unit configured to determine the first interface corresponding to the data characteristic of the data according to the correspondence between the data characteristic and the first interface, and determine the first interface corresponding to the data characteristic of the data The first quality of service flow corresponding to the first interface.
  • the receiving unit is further configured to receive first configuration information from the first session management function, where the first configuration information is used to indicate the correspondence between the data feature and the first interface.
  • the first configuration information includes data features and identification information of the first interface corresponding to the data features.
  • the data includes a user tunnel identifier, and the user tunnel identifier is used to indicate that the data is the data sent by the first terminal to the second terminal.
  • an embodiment of the present application further provides a communication apparatus, including: a processor configured to execute computer instructions stored in a memory, and when the computer instructions are executed, cause the apparatus to execute the first aspect or the first A method as described in any possible design of the aspect.
  • an embodiment of the present application further provides a communication device, including: a processor and an interface circuit, where the processor is configured to communicate with other devices through the interface circuit, and execute the first aspect or any possible design of the first aspect. method described.
  • the communication apparatuses described in the second to fourth aspects above can be applied to the first user plane function.
  • the embodiments of the present application further provide a computer-readable storage medium, including: computer software instructions; when the computer software instructions are run in an electronic device, such as a core network device, or a chip built into the core network device At the time, the core network device is caused to execute the method described in the first aspect or any possible design of the first aspect.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a data transmission method, the method comprising: a second user plane function receives data from a first user plane function through a first quality of service flow, where the first user plane function corresponds to a first terminal The user plane function of the second terminal is the data sent to the second terminal; the second user plane function sends the data to the second terminal.
  • data transmission is performed between the first user plane function and the second user plane function through the first quality of service flow, and between the first terminal and the first user plane function, and between the second terminal and the second user plane
  • Data transmission between functions can also be performed based on the quality of service flow, so the entire transmission path from the first terminal to the second terminal can provide reliable quality of service guarantee for the data sent by the first terminal to the second terminal.
  • the data includes a link detection indication
  • the method further includes: inserting the first user plane function into the second user plane function in the data according to the link detection indication by the second user plane function Link quality information of the transmission path of the user plane function.
  • the method further includes: the second user plane function sends a second link detection request to the first user plane function; the second user plane function receives the first user plane from the first user plane function link quality information of the transmission path from the function to the first terminal, and link quality information of the transmission path from the second user plane function to the first user plane function; the second user plane function sends the first user plane function to the second terminal Link quality information of the transmission path to the first terminal, link quality information of the transmission path of the second user plane function to the first user plane function, and link quality of the transmission path of the second terminal to the second user plane function information.
  • the method further includes: the second user plane function receives a third link detection request from the first user plane function; the second user plane function sends the first user plane function to the first user plane function Link quality information of the transmission path from the function to the second user plane function, and link quality information of the transmission path from the second user plane function to the second terminal.
  • the method further includes: the second user plane function sends a fourth link detection request to the second terminal; the second user plane function receives the second user plane function from the second terminal to the second terminal Link quality information of the transmission path of the terminal.
  • the method further includes: the second user plane function sends a link detection request to the first user plane function; the second user plane function receives the link quality information from the first user plane function, and the link
  • the road quality information includes: the time stamp when the first user plane function receives the link detection request, and the time stamp when the first user plane function sends the link quality information; the second user plane function determines the second user plane according to the link quality information Link quality of the transmission path from the function to the first user plane function.
  • sending the data to the second terminal by the second user plane function includes: sending the data to the second terminal by the second user plane function through a third quality of service flow.
  • the method further includes: the second user plane function determines a third quality of service flow corresponding to the first quality of service flow according to the correspondence between the first quality of service flow and the third quality of service flow.
  • the correspondence between the first QoS flow and the third QoS flow is determined according to the QoS requirements that the first QoS flow can meet and the QoS requirements that the third QoS flow can meet.
  • the method further includes: the second user plane function receives second configuration information from the second session management function, where the second configuration information is used to indicate the first quality of service flow and the third quality of service flow Correspondence between.
  • the correspondence between the first QoS flow and the third QoS flow may be configured to the second user plane function by the session management function corresponding to the second user plane function.
  • the second configuration information includes identification information of the first quality of service flow and identification information of a third quality of service flow corresponding to the first quality of service flow.
  • the identification information of the first quality of service flow and the third quality of service flow are the same.
  • the second user plane function receives data from the first user plane function through the first quality of service flow, including: the second user plane function receives data through the first quality of service flow in the first interface Data from the first user plane function; the second user plane function sending the data to the second terminal includes: the second user plane function sending the data to the second terminal through a third quality of service flow.
  • the method further includes: the second user plane function determines the third quality of service flow corresponding to the first interface according to the correspondence between the first interface and the third quality of service flow.
  • the correspondence between the first interface and the third QoS flow is determined according to the QoS requirements that can be satisfied by the first interface and the QoS requirements that can be satisfied by the third QoS flow.
  • the method further includes: the second user plane function receives second configuration information from the second session management function, where the second configuration information is used to indicate the connection between the first interface and the third quality of service flow corresponding relationship.
  • the second configuration information includes identification information of the first interface and identification information of the third quality of service flow corresponding to the first interface.
  • the data includes a user tunnel identifier, and the user tunnel identifier is used to indicate that the data is the data sent by the first terminal to the second terminal.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a communication device.
  • the device has the function of implementing the method described in the sixth aspect.
  • the functions can be implemented by hardware, or by executing corresponding software by hardware.
  • the hardware or software includes one or more units or modules corresponding to the functions of the method described in the sixth aspect, for example, a receiving unit, a sending unit, and the like.
  • the receiving unit is configured to receive data from a first user plane function through a first quality of service flow, where the first user plane function is a user plane function corresponding to the first terminal, and the data is data sent to the second terminal; a sending unit, configured to send the data to the second terminal.
  • the data includes a link detection indication
  • the sending unit is further configured to insert a transmission path from the first user plane function to the second user plane function into the data according to the link detection indication link quality information.
  • the sending unit is further configured to send a second link detection request to the first user plane function;
  • the receiving unit is further configured to receive the first user plane function from the first user plane function to the first user plane function link quality information of the transmission path of the terminal, and link quality information of the transmission path from the second user plane function to the first user plane function;
  • the sending unit is further configured to send the first user plane function to the first user plane function to the second terminal Link quality information of the transmission path of the terminal, link quality information of the transmission path of the second user plane function to the first user plane function, and link quality information of the transmission path of the second terminal to the second user plane function.
  • the receiving unit is further configured to receive a third link detection request from the first user plane function; the sending unit is further configured to send the first user plane function to the second user plane function to the first user plane function Link quality information of the transmission path of the user plane function, and link quality information of the transmission path of the second user plane function to the second terminal.
  • the sending unit is further configured to send a fourth link detection request to the second terminal; the receiving unit is further configured to receive a transmission path from the second user plane function from the second terminal to the second terminal link quality information.
  • the sending unit is further configured to send a link detection request to the first user plane function;
  • the receiving unit is further configured to receive link quality information from the first user plane function, where the link quality information includes : the time stamp at which the first user plane function receives the link detection request, and the time stamp at which the first user plane function sends the link quality information;
  • the apparatus further includes: a processing unit configured to determine the second link quality information according to the link quality information. Link quality of the transmission path from the user plane function to the first user plane function.
  • the sending unit is specifically configured to send the data to the second terminal through the third quality of service flow; the apparatus further includes: a processing unit, configured to send the data to the second terminal according to the first quality of service flow and the third quality of service flow The correspondence between the flows determines a third quality of service flow corresponding to the first quality of service flow.
  • the receiving unit is further configured to receive second configuration information from the second session management function, where the second configuration information is used to indicate the correspondence between the first quality of service flow and the third quality of service flow .
  • the second configuration information includes identification information of the first quality of service flow and identification information of a third quality of service flow corresponding to the first quality of service flow.
  • the identification information of the first quality of service flow and the third quality of service flow are the same.
  • the receiving unit is specifically configured to receive data from the first user plane function through the first quality of service flow in the first interface;
  • the sending unit is specifically configured to send data to the first user plane function through the third quality of service flow
  • the two terminals send the data;
  • the apparatus further includes: a processing unit configured to determine the third quality of service flow corresponding to the first interface according to the correspondence between the first interface and the third quality of service flow.
  • the receiving unit is further configured to receive second configuration information from the second session management function, where the second configuration information is used to indicate the correspondence between the first interface and the third quality of service flow.
  • the second configuration information includes identification information of the first interface and identification information of the third quality of service flow corresponding to the first interface.
  • the data includes a user tunnel identifier, and the user tunnel identifier is used to indicate that the data is data sent by the first terminal to the second terminal.
  • an embodiment of the present application further provides a communication device, comprising: a processor configured to execute computer instructions stored in a memory, and when the computer instructions are executed, cause the device to execute the sixth aspect or the sixth aspect A method as described in any possible design of the aspect.
  • an embodiment of the present application further provides a communication device, including: a processor and an interface circuit, where the processor is configured to communicate with other devices through the interface circuit, and execute the sixth aspect or any possible design of the sixth aspect. method described.
  • the communication apparatuses described in the seventh to ninth aspects above can be applied to the second user plane function.
  • the embodiments of the present application further provide a computer-readable storage medium, including: computer software instructions; when the computer software instructions run in an electronic device, such as a core network device, or a chip built into the core network device At the time, the core network device is caused to execute the method described in the sixth aspect or any possible design of the sixth aspect.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a link quality detection method, the method includes: a first terminal sends a link detection indication to a second terminal, and a link quality of a transmission path from the second terminal to the first terminal information; the first terminal receives the link quality information of the transmission path from the first terminal to the second terminal from the second terminal.
  • the first terminal may send a link detection indication to the second terminal to instruct the second terminal to return the link quality information of the transmission path from the first terminal to the second terminal to the first terminal.
  • the first terminal may send the link detection indication to the second terminal through a detection packet alone, for example, the link detection indication may be carried in the detection packet.
  • the first terminal may also send the link quality information of the transmission path from the second terminal to the first terminal to the second terminal.
  • the second terminal may send a link detection indication to the first terminal, and after receiving the link detection indication, the first terminal may send the link quality information of the transmission path from the second terminal to the first terminal to the second terminal .
  • the link quality information of the transmission path from the first terminal to the second terminal includes: the link quality information of the transmission path from the first terminal to the first user plane function, the link quality information of the transmission path from the first terminal to the first user plane function, the Link quality information of the transmission path of the second user plane function, and link quality information of the transmission path of the second user plane function to the second terminal.
  • the link quality information of the transmission path from the first terminal to the first user plane function includes: link quality information of the transmission path from the first terminal to the access network device of the first terminal, and Link quality information of the transmission path from the access network device of the first terminal to the first user plane function.
  • the first terminal accesses the core network through the access network device of the first terminal.
  • the link quality information of the transmission path from the second user plane function to the second terminal includes: link quality information of the transmission path from the second user plane function to the access network device of the second terminal , and the link quality information of the transmission path from the access network device of the second terminal to the second terminal.
  • the second terminal accesses the core network through the access network equipment of the second terminal.
  • the link detection indication is specifically used to instruct to detect link quality information of a quality of service flow carrying the link detection indication in the transmission path from the first terminal to the second terminal.
  • the link detection indication includes identification information of one or more quality of service flows.
  • the identification information of one or more quality of service flows includes: the identification information of the quality of service flow between the first terminal and the first user plane function, the quality of service between the first user plane function and the second user plane function The identification information of the flow, and the identification information of the quality of service flow between the second user plane function and the second terminal.
  • the method further includes: the first terminal determines the bearer according to the link quality information of the transmission path from the first terminal to the second terminal and the service quality requirement of the data to be sent to the second terminal The quality of service flow for the data.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a communication device.
  • the device has the function of implementing the method described in the eleventh aspect above.
  • the functions can be implemented by hardware, or by executing corresponding software by hardware.
  • the hardware or software includes one or more units or modules corresponding to the functions of the method described in the eleventh aspect above, for example, a receiving unit, a sending unit, and the like.
  • the sending unit is configured to send the link detection indication and the link quality information of the transmission path from the second terminal to the first terminal to the second terminal; the receiving unit is configured to receive the first terminal to the first terminal from the second terminal. Link quality information of the transmission path of the two terminals.
  • the link quality information of the transmission path from the first terminal to the second terminal includes: the link quality information of the transmission path from the first terminal to the first user plane function, the link quality information of the transmission path from the first terminal to the first user plane function, the Link quality information of the transmission path of the second user plane function, and link quality information of the transmission path of the second user plane function to the second terminal.
  • the link quality information of the transmission path from the first terminal to the first user plane function includes: link quality information of the transmission path from the first terminal to the access network device of the first terminal, and Link quality information of the transmission path from the access network device of the first terminal to the first user plane function.
  • the link quality information of the transmission path from the second user plane function to the second terminal includes: link quality information of the transmission path from the second user plane function to the access network device of the second terminal , and the link quality information of the transmission path from the access network device of the second terminal to the second terminal.
  • the link detection indication is specifically used to instruct to detect link quality information of a quality of service flow carrying the link detection indication in the transmission path from the first terminal to the second terminal.
  • the link detection indication includes identification information of one or more quality of service flows.
  • the identification information of one or more quality of service flows includes: the identification information of the quality of service flow between the first terminal and the first user plane function, the quality of service between the first user plane function and the second user plane function The identification information of the flow, and the identification information of the quality of service flow between the second user plane function and the second terminal.
  • the apparatus further includes: a processing unit configured to, according to the link quality information of the transmission path from the first terminal to the second terminal, and the service quality requirement of the data to be sent to the second terminal, A quality of service flow carrying the data is determined.
  • an embodiment of the present application further provides a communication apparatus, including: a processor configured to execute computer instructions stored in a memory, and when the computer instructions are executed, cause the apparatus to perform the eleventh aspect or The method described in any possible design of the eleventh aspect.
  • an embodiment of the present application further provides a communication device, including: a processor and an interface circuit, where the processor is configured to communicate with other devices through the interface circuit, and executes the eleventh aspect or any possible possibility of the eleventh aspect. method described in the design.
  • the communication apparatus described in the twelfth aspect to the fourteenth aspect may be applied to the first terminal.
  • embodiments of the present application further provide a computer-readable storage medium, including: computer software instructions; when the computer software instructions are stored in an electronic device, such as a first terminal, or built into a chip of the first terminal When running, the first terminal is caused to execute the method described in the eleventh aspect or any possible design of the eleventh aspect.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a link quality detection method.
  • the method includes: a first user plane function sends a first link detection request to a first terminal; and the first user plane function receives a link from the first terminal. Link quality information of the transmission path from the first user plane function to the first terminal.
  • the method further includes: the first user plane function receives a second link detection request from the second user plane function; the first user plane function sends the first user plane to the second user plane function Link quality information of the transmission path from the function to the first terminal, and link quality information of the transmission path from the second user plane function to the first user plane function.
  • the second user plane function can obtain the link quality information of the transmission path from the second user plane function to the first terminal.
  • it can also obtain the link quality information of the transmission path from the second terminal to the second user plane function, so the second user plane function can obtain the entire transmission path from the second terminal to the first terminal. link quality information.
  • the second user plane function may send the link quality information of the entire transmission path from the second terminal to the first terminal to the second terminal.
  • the method further includes: the first user plane function sends a third link detection request to the second user plane function; the first user plane function receives the first user plane from the second user plane function The link quality information of the transmission path from the function to the second user plane function, and the link quality information of the transmission path from the second user plane function to the second terminal; the first user plane function sends the first terminal to the first terminal.
  • the first terminal can obtain the link quality information of the entire transmission path from the first terminal to the second terminal.
  • the link quality detection process may be initiated by the respective user plane functions of the first terminal and/or the second terminal, and the effect is similar to that in the eleventh aspect, and details are not repeated here .
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a communication device.
  • the device has the function of implementing the method described in the sixteenth aspect.
  • the functions can be implemented by hardware, or by executing corresponding software by hardware.
  • the hardware or software includes one or more units or modules corresponding to the functions of the method described in the sixteenth aspect, for example, a receiving unit, a sending unit, and the like.
  • the sending unit is configured to send a first link detection request to the first terminal; the receiving unit is configured to receive link quality information from the first user plane function of the first terminal to the transmission path of the first terminal.
  • the receiving unit is further configured to receive a second link detection request from the second user plane function; the sending unit is further configured to send the first user plane function to the first user plane function to the second user plane function Link quality information of the transmission path of the terminal, and link quality information of the transmission path from the second user plane function to the first user plane function.
  • the sending unit is further configured to send a third link detection request to the second user plane function;
  • the receiving unit is further configured to receive the first user plane function to the second user plane function from the second user plane function link quality information of the transmission path of the user plane function, and link quality information of the transmission path of the second user plane function to the second terminal;
  • the sending unit is further configured to send the first terminal to the first terminal to the first terminal Link quality information of the transmission path of the user plane function, link quality information of the transmission path of the first user plane function to the second user plane function, and link quality information of the transmission path of the second user plane function to the second terminal .
  • an embodiment of the present application further provides a communication device, including: a processor configured to execute computer instructions stored in a memory, and when the computer instructions are executed, cause the device to execute the sixteenth aspect or The method described in any possible design of the sixteenth aspect.
  • an embodiment of the present application further provides a communication device, including: a processor and an interface circuit, where the processor is configured to communicate with other devices through the interface circuit, and executes the sixteenth aspect or any possible possibility of the sixteenth aspect. method described in the design.
  • the communication devices described in the seventeenth to nineteenth aspects above can be applied to the first user plane function.
  • embodiments of the present application further provide a computer-readable storage medium, including: computer software instructions; when the computer software instructions are stored in an electronic device, such as a core network device, or built into a chip of the core network device At runtime, the core network device is caused to execute the method described in the sixteenth aspect or any possible design of the sixteenth aspect.
  • an embodiment of the present application further provides a communication device, including: a transceiver unit and a processing unit.
  • the transceiver unit can be used to send and receive information, or to communicate with other network elements.
  • the processing unit may be used to process the data.
  • the apparatus may implement the method described in any one of the first aspect, the sixth aspect, the eleventh aspect, and the sixteenth aspect through the transceiver unit and the processing unit.
  • an embodiment of the present application further provides a computer program product, which, when executed, can implement any one of the first aspect, the sixth aspect, the eleventh aspect, and the sixteenth aspect the method described in the aspect.
  • an embodiment of the present application further provides a chip system, where the chip system is applied to a core network device.
  • the chip system includes one or more interface circuits and one or more processors; the interface circuit and the processor are interconnected by lines; the processor receives and executes computer instructions from the memory of the electronic device through the interface circuit, so as to realize the first aspect and the sixth aspect Aspects, and the method of any of the sixteenth aspects.
  • an embodiment of the present application further provides a chip system, where the chip system is applied to a terminal.
  • the chip system includes one or more interface circuits and one or more processors; the interface circuit and the processor are interconnected by lines; the processor receives and executes computer instructions from the memory of the electronic device through the interface circuit, so as to realize the invention as described in the eleventh aspect. method described.
  • an embodiment of the present application further provides a communication system, where the communication system includes at least a first user plane function and a second user plane function, and the first user plane function is used to implement the method according to the first aspect , the second user plane function is used to implement the method described in the sixth aspect.
  • Figure 1 shows a schematic diagram of a 5G network architecture
  • Fig. 2 shows the schematic diagram of service data transmission between two terminals
  • Fig. 3 shows another schematic diagram of service data transmission between two terminals
  • FIG. 4 shows a schematic diagram of an application scenario of an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 5 shows a schematic diagram of the composition of a terminal provided by an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 6A shows a schematic flowchart of a data transmission method provided by an embodiment of the present application
  • 6B shows a schematic flowchart of establishing a QoS flow corresponding relationship provided by an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 7 shows another schematic flowchart of the data transmission method provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 8 shows another schematic flowchart of the data transmission method provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 9 shows another schematic flowchart of a data transmission method provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 10 shows a schematic diagram of a system composition of end-to-end transmission in a wide area network scenario
  • FIG. 11 shows a schematic flowchart of a link quality detection method provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 12 shows another schematic flowchart of a link quality detection method provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 13 shows a schematic structural diagram of a communication apparatus provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 14 shows another schematic structural diagram of a communication device provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 15 shows another schematic structural diagram of a communication device provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 16 shows another schematic structural diagram of a communication device provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 17 shows another schematic structural diagram of a communication apparatus provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • next generation mobile communication network architecture also known as the fifth generation 5th-generation (5G) network architecture.
  • Figure 1 shows a schematic diagram of a 5G network architecture.
  • the 5G network architecture may include: terminals, access network (AN), core network and data network (DN).
  • the terminal may access the core network through an access network device, and then access the DN through the core network.
  • the terminal may also access the core network in a fixed access manner to access the DN.
  • a terminal may also be called a user equipment (User Equipment, UE), a mobile station (mobile station, MS), a mobile terminal (mobile terminal, MT), and the like.
  • a terminal may be a device that provides voice and/or data connectivity to a user, for example, may be a mobile phone ("cellular" phone), cell phone, computer, cordless phone, session initiation protocol (SIP) ) telephones, wireless local loop (WLL) stations, personal digital assistants (PDAs), laptop computers, handheld communication devices, handheld computing devices, satellite wireless devices, wireless modem cards, TV set top box (STB), customer premise equipment (CPE), wearable devices (such as smart watches, smart bracelets, pedometers, etc.), in-vehicle devices (such as cars, bicycles, electric vehicles, etc.) , aircraft, ships, trains, high-speed railways, etc.), virtual reality (VR) devices, augmented reality (AR) devices, wireless terminals in industrial control (industrial control), smart home devices (for example, refrigerators, TV
  • AN mainly includes AN equipment.
  • the AN device may also be referred to as a radio access network (RAN) device or a next-generation radio access network device.
  • the terminal can communicate with the AN device.
  • AN equipment can provide functional services such as wireless resource management, service quality management, data encryption and compression for terminals.
  • Different AN devices can communicate through the Xn interface.
  • the AN device may be a next generation node B (gNB), an evolved node B (evolved Node B, eNB), a next generation evolved node B (ng-eNB), Transmission Reception Point (TRP), Radio Network Controller (RNC), Base Station Controller (BSC), Base Transceiver Station (BTS), Home Base Station (for example, home evolved NodeB, or home Node B, HNB), baseband unit (base band unit, BBU), or wireless fidelity (wireless fidelity, Wifi) access point (access point, AP), centralized unit (central unit, CU) , distributed unit (distributed unit, DU), centralized unit-control plane (central unit-control plane, CU-CP), centralized unit-user plane (central unit-user plane, CU-UP), etc.
  • gNB next generation node B
  • eNB evolved Node B
  • ng-eNB next generation evolved node B
  • TRP Transmission Reception Point
  • RNC Radio Network Controller
  • BSC Base Station Controller
  • the gNB may provide the terminal 310 with protocols and functions of the control plane and/or the user plane of a new radio (NR), and access to a 5G core network (5th generation core, 5GC).
  • the ng-eNB may provide the terminal 310 with protocols and functions of the control plane and/or the user plane of evolved universal terrestrial radio access (E-UTRA), and access to the 5GC.
  • the CU mainly includes the RRC layer of the gNB, the service data adaptation protocol (SDAP) layer and the packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) layer, or the RRC layer and the PDCP layer of the ng-eNB.
  • the DU mainly includes the radio link control (RLC) layer, medium access control (MAC) layer and physical layer of the gNB or ng-eNB.
  • CU-CP mainly includes the RRC layer in the gNB-CU or ng-eNB-CU, and the control plane in the PDCP layer.
  • CU-UP mainly includes SDAP layer in gNB-CU or ng-eNB-CU, and user plane in PDCP layer.
  • the network elements in the core network mainly include user plane network elements and control plane network elements, and the equipment used to bear the user plane network elements and control plane network elements is called core network equipment.
  • the user plane network element can be a user plane function (UPF), which is mainly responsible for connecting to the DN, routing and forwarding packets on the user plane, filtering packets, performing quality of service (QoS) control related functions, Billing information statistics, etc.
  • UPF user plane function
  • QoS quality of service
  • control plane network elements may include: access and mobility management function (AMF), session management function (session management function, SMF), authentication server function (authentication server function, AUSF), policy Control function (policy control function, PCF), application function (application function, AF), unified data management function (unified data management, UDM), network slice selection function (network slice selection function, NSSF) and other functional units.
  • AMF access and mobility management function
  • SMF session management function
  • authentication server function authentication server function
  • policy Control function policy control function
  • PCF policy control function
  • application function application function, AF
  • UDM network slice selection function
  • network slice selection function network slice selection function
  • NSSF network slice selection function
  • AMF is mainly responsible for mobility management, access management and other services.
  • SMF is mainly responsible for session management, UE address management and allocation, dynamic host configuration protocol functions, selection and control of user plane functions, etc.
  • AUSF is mainly responsible for the authentication function of terminal equipment.
  • PCF is mainly responsible for providing a unified policy framework for network behavior management, providing policy rules for control plane functions, and acquiring registration information related to policy decisions.
  • the AF is used to provide service requirements to the 3GPP core network, such as routing rules, processing strategies, and the like.
  • core network elements can work independently, or can be combined to implement certain control functions, such as access control and mobility management functions such as access authentication, security encryption, location registration, etc. to the terminal, and Session management functions such as establishment, release, and modification of user plane transmission paths.
  • access control and mobility management functions such as access authentication, security encryption, location registration, etc.
  • Session management functions such as establishment, release, and modification of user plane transmission paths.
  • DN is mainly used to provide a variety of data business services for terminal equipment.
  • the network elements in the 5G network architecture shown in Figure 1 above can communicate through a next generation network (next generation, NG) interface.
  • the communication interface between the terminal and the control plane of the core network may be NG interface 1, or N1 interface for short, which is used to transmit network attached storage (NAS) signaling.
  • the communication interface between the AN and the core network control plane (eg, AMF) may be an N2 interface.
  • the communication interface between the AN and the UPF may be the N3 interface for transferring user data.
  • the communication interface between the SMF and the UPF can be an N4 interface, which is used by the SMF to configure the policy for the UPF.
  • the UPF can exchange user plane data with the DN through the N6 interface.
  • the 5G network architecture shown in Figure 1 also includes a network repository function (NRF), a network exposure function (NEF), etc., which are not limited here.
  • NRF network repository function
  • NEF network exposure function
  • the 5G network architecture shown in Figure 1 above is a 5G network architecture based on a service-oriented interface scenario. interface.
  • AUSF is connected to the bus through the Nausf interface
  • AMF is connected to the bus through the Namf interface
  • SMF is connected to the bus through the Nsmf interface
  • AF is connected to the bus through the Naf interface
  • UDM is connected to the bus through the Nudm interface
  • PCF network elements It is connected to the bus through the Npcf interface, the NRF is connected to the bus through the Nnrf interface, the NEF is connected to the bus through the Nnef interface, the NSSF is connected to the bus through the Nnssf interface, and so on.
  • the 5G network architecture may also be a reference point-based network architecture, which is also not limited here.
  • the 5G network can provide end-to-end service data transmission between the two terminals.
  • terminal 1 can send service data to terminal 2 through the 5G network.
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic diagram of service data transmission between two terminals.
  • terminal 1 taking terminal 1 sending service data to terminal 2 as an example, when terminal 1 and terminal 2 share the same UPF, terminal 1 can first send the service data to the UPF, and the UPF can send the received service data to the UPF. It is forwarded to the terminal 2 to realize the service data transmission from the terminal 1 to the terminal 2.
  • FIG. 3 shows another schematic diagram of service data transmission between two terminals.
  • terminal 1 can first send the service data to UPF1, and UPF1 can forward the received service data To the UPF2, the UPF2 can then forward the received service data to the terminal 2, so as to realize the service data transmission from the terminal 1 to the terminal 2.
  • the communication interface between different UPFs may be an N9 interface, which is used for transmitting user data.
  • the service data can be directly transmitted between the terminal and the UPF.
  • the service data transmission between the terminal and the UPF may be realized through forwarding by the access network device.
  • the 5G QoS model includes guaranteed bit rate QoS flow (guaranteed bit rate QoS flow, GBR QoS flow) and non-guaranteed bit rate QoS flow (Non-GBR QoS flow).
  • the transmission processing (such as scheduling, admission threshold, etc.) of the data packets included in the same QoS flow is the same.
  • the terminal can establish one or more packet data unit (PDU) sessions with the 5G system, and one or more QoS flows can be established in each PDU session.
  • PDU packet data unit
  • QoS flows can be established in each PDU session.
  • Each QoS flow has a QoS flow identifier (QFI), and QFI can uniquely identify a QoS flow in a PDU session.
  • QFI QoS flow identifier
  • the data transmission between the terminal and the UPF in the 5G network is based on QoS flow, which can provide end-to-end QoS guarantee for the service data transmission between the two terminals.
  • the 5G network can only provide QoS guarantee for the service data transmission between each terminal and the UPF corresponding to the terminal, and cannot provide QoS guarantees between the two terminals. Overall end-to-end QoS guarantee.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a data transmission method, which can be applied to a scenario in which the above two terminals are connected to different UPFs respectively, and a 5G network is used to implement end-to-end service data transmission between the two terminals.
  • the method includes: the first UPF receives data from the first terminal, the data is data sent by the first terminal to the second terminal; the first UPF sends data to the second UPF through the first QoS flow, and the second UPF is the first The UPF corresponding to the second terminal. The second sends data to the second terminal.
  • data transmission between the first UPF and the second UPF is performed through the first QoS flow
  • data transmission between the first terminal and the first UPF and between the second terminal and the second UPF can also be performed based on the QoS flow Therefore, in the entire transmission path from the first terminal to the second terminal, reliable QoS guarantee can be provided for the data sent by the first terminal to the second terminal.
  • the method can also provide reliable QoS guarantee for the data sent by the second terminal to the first terminal. Therefore, the method can provide the first terminal and the second terminal with the overall end-to-end QoS guarantee between the two terminals.
  • FIG. 4 shows a schematic diagram of an application scenario of an embodiment of the present application.
  • an application scenario of the embodiment of the present application includes at least: a first terminal, a first UPF, a second terminal, and a second UPF.
  • the first UPF is a user plane network element serving the first terminal
  • the second UPF is a user plane network element serving the second terminal.
  • the first UPF may be the anchor UPF of the first terminal, or may be an intermediate UPF, or an offload node, or the like.
  • the first UPF and the second UPF may have their corresponding control plane network elements SMF.
  • the control plane network element corresponding to the first UPF is the first SMF (not shown in the figure)
  • the second UPF corresponds to the control plane network element SMF.
  • the network element of the control plane is the second SMF (not shown in the figure)
  • the first SMF serves the session of the first terminal
  • the second SMF serves the session of the second terminal.
  • the first UPF and the second UPF also correspond to the same control plane network element SMF, and the SMF may serve the sessions of the first terminal and the second terminal respectively, which is not limited in this application.
  • each network element eg: the first terminal, the first UPF, the second terminal, the second UPF, and the SMF, etc.
  • each network element eg: the first terminal, the first UPF, the second terminal, the second UPF, and the SMF, etc.
  • the 5G network architecture shown in 1 will not be repeated here.
  • the aforementioned application scenario shown in FIG. 4 is only for illustrating the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application more clearly, and does not constitute a limitation on the technical solutions provided by the embodiments of the present application.
  • the application scenario may also include other devices or network elements, such as network control devices, or other network elements in the 5G network architecture shown in FIG. 1 .
  • FIG. 5 shows a schematic diagram of the composition of a terminal provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the terminal may be the first terminal or the second terminal in the aforementioned application scenario shown in FIG. 4 .
  • the terminal may include: at least one processor 51 , a memory 52 , a communication interface 53 , and a bus 54 .
  • the processor 51 is the control center of the terminal, and may be a processor or a general term for multiple processing elements.
  • the processor 51 may be a central processing unit (CPU), a specific integrated circuit (application specific integrated circuit, ASIC), or may be configured to implement one or more embodiments of the present application.
  • An integrated circuit such as: one or more microprocessors (digital signal processor, DSP), or, one or more field programmable gate array (field programmable gate array, FPGA), etc.
  • the processor 51 can execute various functions of the terminal by running or executing software programs stored in the memory 52 and calling data stored in the memory 52 .
  • the processor 51 may include one or more CPUs, such as CPU0 and CPU1 shown in FIG. 5 .
  • the network device may include multiple processors, such as the processor 51 and the processor 55 shown in FIG. 5 .
  • processors can be a single-core processor (single-CPU) or a multi-core processor (multi-CPU).
  • a processor herein may refer to one or more devices, circuits, and/or processing cores for processing data (eg, computer program instructions).
  • the memory 52 is used for storing software programs for executing the method steps performed by the terminal in the solution of the present application, and the execution is controlled by the processor 51 .
  • Memory 52 may be read-only memory (ROM) or other type of static storage device that can store static information and instructions, random access memory (RAM) or other type of static storage device that can store information and instructions It can also be an electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), a compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM) or other optical disk storage, CD-ROM storage (including compact discs, laser discs, optical discs, digital versatile discs, Blu-ray discs, etc.), magnetic disk storage media or other magnetic storage devices, or capable of carrying or storing desired program code in the form of instructions or data structures and capable of being executed by a computer Access any other medium without limitation.
  • ROM read-only memory
  • RAM random access memory
  • EEPROM electrically erasable programmable read-only memory
  • CD-ROM compact disc read-only memory
  • CD-ROM storage including compact
  • the memory 52 may exist independently, and is connected to the processor 51 through the bus 54 .
  • the memory 52 can also be integrated with the processor 51, which is not limited here.
  • Communication interface 53 using any transceiver-like device, is used to communicate with other devices or a communication network.
  • the communication interface 53 may be an Ethernet interface, a radio access network (RAN) interface, a wireless local area network (wireless local area networks, WLAN) interface, and the like.
  • the communication interface 53 may include a receiving unit to implement a receiving function, and a transmitting unit to implement a transmitting function.
  • the bus 54 may be an industry standard architecture (ISA) bus, a peripheral component interconnect (PCI) bus or an extended industry standard architecture (extended industry standard architecture, EISA) bus or the like.
  • ISA industry standard architecture
  • PCI peripheral component interconnect
  • EISA extended industry standard architecture
  • the bus can be divided into address bus, data bus, control bus and so on. For ease of presentation, only one thick line is used in FIG. 5, but it does not mean that there is only one bus or one type of bus.
  • bus 54 is used in FIG. 5, it can be understood that the bus 54 can also be replaced with other forms of connection relationship, and is not limited to the bus itself.
  • the structure of the core network device used to carry the first UPF and/or the second UPF may also include some structures similar to the terminal shown in FIG. 5 , such as a processor. , memory, communication interface, bus, etc., are used to realize various functions corresponding to the first UPF or the second UPF, which will not be repeated here.
  • FIG. 6A shows a schematic flowchart of a data transmission method provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the data transmission method may include S6A01-S6A05, and the data transmitted in S6A01-S6A05 is service data sent by the first terminal to the second terminal.
  • the first terminal sends data to the first UPF through the second QoS flow.
  • the first UPF receives data from the first terminal through the second QoS flow.
  • the first terminal establishes a PDU session through a corresponding SMF (eg, the first SMF) in advance, and at the same time, in the process of creating the PDU session, one or more QoS flows are created, hereinafter referred to as the second QoS flow. That is, one or more second QoS flows may be included in the PDU session of the first terminal.
  • a corresponding SMF eg, the first SMF
  • a second QoS flow that meets the QoS requirements may be selected from the second QoS flows included in the PDU session. Then, the first terminal may send data to the first UPF through the second QoS flow that meets the QoS requirement.
  • the QoS requirements may include 5QI information.
  • 5QI is a scalar used to index to the corresponding 5G QoS feature value.
  • 5QI is divided into standardized 5QI, pre-configured 5QI and dynamically allocated 5QI.
  • the first UPF determines the first QoS flow corresponding to the second QoS flow according to the correspondence between the second QoS flow and the first QoS flow.
  • the correspondence between the second QoS flow and the first QoS flow is determined according to the QoS requirements that the second QoS flow can meet and the QoS requirements that the first QoS flow can meet.
  • the correspondence between the second QoS flow and the first QoS flow may be configured to the first UPF by the SMF corresponding to the first UPF.
  • the first UPF may receive first configuration information from the first SMF, where the first configuration information is used to indicate the correspondence between the second QoS flow and the first QoS flow.
  • the first configuration information includes identification information of the second QoS flow and identification information of the first QoS flow corresponding to the second QoS flow.
  • the identification information of the second QoS flow and the first QoS flow may be the above-mentioned QFI.
  • the identification information of the second QoS flow and the first QoS flow may be the same.
  • the identification information of the second QoS flow and the first QoS flow may also be different, which is not limited in this application.
  • the first configuration information may further include identification information of the first interface, where the identification information of the first interface is used to indicate that the first UPF sends data to the second UPF through the first QoS flow on the first interface.
  • the first interface may be an N9 interface or a tunnel between the first UPF and the second UPF, such as a general packet radio service tunneling protocol (general packet radio service tunneling protocol-U, GTP-U) tunnel.
  • a general packet radio service tunneling protocol general packet radio service tunneling protocol-U, GTP-U
  • the above-mentioned first configuration information refers to a forwarding rule configured by the first SMF to the first UPF.
  • the forwarding rules include: packet detection rule (PDR) and forwarding action rule (FAR).
  • PDR packet detection rule
  • FAR forwarding action rule
  • the PDR is used to match the packet
  • the FAR is used to indicate the processing of the packet. Therefore, for the above-mentioned first configuration information, the PDR configured by the first SMF to the first UPF includes the identification information of the second QoS flow, the FAR includes the identification information of the first QoS flow corresponding to the second QoS flow, and the first Identification information of the interface.
  • the first UPF sends data to the second UPF through the first QoS flow.
  • the second UPF receives data from the first UPF through the first QoS flow.
  • the second UPF determines a third QoS flow corresponding to the first QoS flow according to the correspondence between the first QoS flow and the third QoS flow.
  • the correspondence between the first QoS flow and the third QoS flow is determined according to the QoS requirements that the first QoS flow can meet and the QoS requirements that the third QoS flow can meet.
  • the correspondence between the first QoS flow and the third QoS flow may be configured to the second UPF by the SMF corresponding to the second UPF.
  • the second UPF may receive second configuration information from the second SMF, where the second configuration information is used to indicate the correspondence between the first QoS flow and the third QoS flow.
  • the SMF configures the first UPF with the first configuration information, and configures the second UPF with the second configuration information.
  • the second configuration information includes identification information of the first QoS flow and identification information of a third QoS flow corresponding to the first QoS flow.
  • the identification information of the third QoS flow may also be the above-mentioned QFI.
  • the identification information of the first QoS flow and the third QoS flow may be the same. Alternatively, in other embodiments, the identification information of the first QoS flow and the third QoS flow may also be different, which is not limited in this application.
  • the above-mentioned second configuration information refers to a forwarding rule configured by the second SMF to the second UPF. Therefore, for the above-mentioned second configuration information, the PDR configured by the second SMF to the second UPF includes the identification information of the first QoS flow, and the FAR includes identification information of the third QoS flow corresponding to the first QoS flow.
  • the identification information of the first QoS flow corresponding to the second QoS flow is the same as the identification information of the second QoS flow, and is the same as that of the first QoS flow.
  • the identification information of the third QoS flow corresponding to the flow is the same as the identification information of the first QoS flow. That is, the identification information of the second QoS flow, the first QoS flow and the third QoS flow that have a corresponding relationship in sequence may all be the same.
  • the second UPF sends data to the second terminal through the third QoS flow.
  • the second terminal receives data from the second UPF through the third QoS flow.
  • the process shown in FIG. 1 Taking the first terminal as UE1, the second terminal as UE2, the first UPF as UPF1, and the second UPF as UPF2 as an example, the process shown in FIG.
  • the UE1 may first determine a second QoS flow, such as QoS flow 3, according to the QoS requirements of the packet P, and send the packet P to the UPF1 through the second QoS flow.
  • the UPF1 may determine the first QoS flow corresponding to the second QoS flow, for example, may also be the QoS flow 3, and send the packet P to the UPF2 through the first QoS flow.
  • the UPF2 may determine a third QoS flow corresponding to the first QoS flow, for example, may also be the QoS flow 3, and send the packet P to the UE2 through the third QoS flow.
  • UE1 sends the packet P to UE2.
  • FIG. 6B shows a schematic flowchart of establishing a QoS flow correspondence according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the first UPF and the second UPF have their corresponding control plane network elements SMF
  • the control plane network element corresponding to the first UPF is the first SMF
  • the control plane network element corresponding to the second UPF is the second UPF
  • SMF Take SMF as an example, in a possible design, the correspondence between the second QoS flow and the first QoS flow, and the correspondence between the first QoS flow and the third QoS flow can be shown in S6B01-S6B04 way to determine.
  • the second SMF acquires information of the first SMF where the session of the first terminal is located.
  • the second SMF determines that a link is established between the second terminal and the first terminal
  • information of the first SMF where the session of the first terminal is located may be obtained.
  • the second SMF obtains, from the subscription data, the identity of the first terminal and the need to create a link between the first terminal and the second terminal during the process of creating the session of the second terminal, and then can determine the second terminal.
  • a link needs to be established between the terminal and the first terminal.
  • the control plane network element eg, AF
  • the control plane network element determines that a link needs to be established between the second terminal and the first terminal, it sends a message to the second SMF, where the message includes the identifier of the first terminal and the Instructions for creating a link.
  • the second SMF may obtain the information of the first SMF where its session is located by querying the control plane of the network where the first terminal is located.
  • the second SMF and the second UPF determine the identification information of the first interface and the identification information of the first QoS flow on the first interface corresponding to the third QoS flow.
  • the first interface refers to an interface on the second UPF that receives data from the first UPF.
  • the identification information of the first interface includes the IP address of the second UPF and the tunnel endpoint identifier (tunnel endpoint identifier, TEID)).
  • the third QoS flow refers to the QoS flow in the session of the second terminal.
  • the identification information of the first QoS flow corresponding to the third QoS flow may be determined based on the QoS requirements of service data transmission from the first terminal to the second terminal, so as to obtain the correspondence between the first QoS flow and the third QoS flow relation.
  • the third QoS flow corresponding to the first QoS flow can be compatible with the first QoS flow and the second QoS flow determined in the subsequent step S6B04 and corresponding to the first QoS flow flow to meet the QoS requirements of service data transmission from the first terminal to the second terminal.
  • the second SMF and the second UPF determine the identification information of the first interface on the second UPF that receives the data from the first UPF, and the identification information on the first interface corresponding to the third QoS flow in the session of the second terminal.
  • the identification information of the first QoS flow may refer to: determined by the second SMF and then sent to the second UPF, or both may be determined by the second UPF and then sent to the second SMF, or may be each of the second SMF and the second UPF. Determine part.
  • the second SMF determines the identification information of the first interface on the second UPF that receives the data from the first UPF and sends it to the second UPF, and then the second UPF determines the corresponding third QoS flow in the session of the second terminal.
  • Identification information of the first QoS flow on the first interface If the second UPF determines that the identification information of the first interface that receives the data from the first UPF is sent to the second SMF, and then the second SMF determines that the first interface corresponding to the third QoS flow in the session of the second terminal is on the first interface The identification information of the first QoS flow.
  • the second SMF sends the identification information of the first interface and the identification information of the first QoS flow on the first interface corresponding to the third QoS flow to the first SMF.
  • the second SMF sends the identification information of the first interface and the identification information of the first QoS flow on the first interface corresponding to the third QoS flow to the first SMF, that is, the second SMF sends the first QoS flow to the first SMF
  • the correspondence between the flow and the third QoS flow may be sent.
  • the second SMF may send the aforementioned information to the first SMF through the Nsmf_PDUSession_Update message.
  • the aforementioned information is sent to the first SMF through the PCF.
  • the information sent by the second SMF to the first SMF further includes QoS requirements corresponding to the third QoS flow and the first QoS flow.
  • the first SMF and the first UPF determine the identification information of the second QoS flow corresponding to the first QoS flow according to the identification information of the first interface and the identification information of the first QoS flow on the first interface corresponding to the third QoS flow identification information.
  • the first SMF and the first UPF according to the identification information of the first interface on the second UPF that receives the data from the first UPF, and the first interface on the first interface corresponding to the third QoS flow in the session of the second terminal
  • the identification information of a QoS flow is combined with the QoS requirements corresponding to the first QoS flow to determine the identification information of the second QoS flow corresponding to the first QoS flow in the session of the first terminal.
  • the first UPF obtains the correspondence between the second QoS flow and the first QoS flow.
  • the bandwidth of the second QoS flow, the first QoS flow, and the third QoS flow is greater than or equal to the bandwidth requirement of the data flow, and the sum of the respective delays of the second QoS flow, the first QoS flow, and the third QoS flow is less than or equal to the data flow. Latency requirements for the stream.
  • an embodiment of the present application further provides a data transmission method
  • FIG. 7 shows another schematic flowchart of the data transmission method provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • the data transmission method may include S701-S705, and the data transmitted in S701-S705 is service data sent by the first terminal to the second terminal.
  • the first terminal sends data to the first UPF through the second QoS flow.
  • the first UPF receives data from the first terminal through the second QoS flow.
  • the first UPF determines, according to the correspondence between the second QoS flow and the first interface, the first interface corresponding to the second QoS flow, and determines the first QoS flow corresponding to the first interface.
  • the correspondence between the second QoS flow and the first interface is determined according to the QoS requirements that the second QoS flow can meet and the QoS requirements that the first interface can meet.
  • the first QoS flow corresponding to the first interface refers to the first QoS flow in the first interface.
  • the correspondence between the second QoS flow and the first interface may also be configured to the first UPF by the SMF corresponding to the first UPF.
  • the first UPF may receive the first configuration information from the first SMF, and in this case, the first configuration information is used to indicate the correspondence between the second QoS flow and the first interface.
  • the first configuration information includes identification information of the second QoS flow and identification information of the first interface corresponding to the second QoS flow.
  • the identification information of the second QoS flow may be the above-mentioned QFI
  • the identification information of the first interface may be the interface identification of the N9 interface, or the above-mentioned TEID of the GTP-U tunnel.
  • the first UPF sends data to the second UPF through the first QoS flow.
  • the first UPF sends data to the second UPF through the first QoS flow on the first interface.
  • the second UPF receives data from the first UPF through the first QoS flow.
  • the second UPF determines a third QoS flow corresponding to the first interface according to the correspondence between the first interface and the third QoS flow.
  • the correspondence between the first interface and the third QoS flow is determined according to the QoS requirements that can be satisfied by the first interface and the QoS requirements that can be satisfied by the third QoS flow.
  • the correspondence between the first interface and the third QoS flow may also be configured to the second UPF by the SMF corresponding to the second UPF.
  • the second UPF may receive the second configuration information from the second SMF, and in this case, the second configuration information is used to indicate the correspondence between the first interface and the third QoS flow.
  • the SMF configures the first UPF with the first configuration information, and configures the second UPF with the second configuration information.
  • the second configuration information includes identification information of the first interface and identification information of a third QoS flow corresponding to the first interface.
  • the identification information of the third QoS flow may also be the above-mentioned QFI.
  • the second UPF sends data to the second terminal through the third QoS flow.
  • the second terminal receives data from the second UPF through the third QoS flow.
  • the following also takes the first terminal as UE1, the second terminal as UE2, the first UPF as UPF1, and the second UPF as UPF2 as an example, combined with the process of UE1 sending a packet P to UE2, the above process shown in FIG. 7 is illustrated as an example. .
  • the UE1 may first determine a second QoS flow, such as QoS flow 3, according to the QoS requirements of the packet P, and send the packet P to the UPF1 through the second QoS flow.
  • the UPF1 may determine the first interface corresponding to the second QoS flow, and send the packet P to the UPF2 through the first QoS flow in the first interface, such as QoS flow 4 .
  • the UPF2 may determine a third QoS flow corresponding to the first interface, for example, may be QoS flow 5, and send the packet P to the UE2 through the third QoS flow.
  • UE1 sends the packet P to UE2.
  • data transmission is performed between the first terminal and the first UPF through the second QoS flow, and data transmission between the first UPF and the second UPF is through the corresponding second QoS flow.
  • the first QoS flow in the first interface performs data transmission
  • the third QoS flow corresponding to the first interface performs data transmission between the second UPF and the second terminal. Therefore, the entire transmission path from the first terminal to the second terminal can also provide reliable QoS guarantee for the data sent by the first terminal to the second terminal.
  • the specific configuration methods of the first configuration information and the second configuration information are the same as or similar to the configuration rules for the PDR and FAR in the embodiment shown in FIG. 6A . , not repeated.
  • the process of establishing the corresponding relationship between the second QoS flow and the first interface and the corresponding relationship between the first interface and the third QoS flow is also the same as that of the second QoS flow and the first QoS flow shown in FIG. 6B.
  • the process of establishing the corresponding relationship between the flows and the corresponding relationship between the first QoS flow and the third QoS flow is similar, and will not be repeated here.
  • the data sent by the first terminal to the second terminal further includes a user tunnel identifier, where the user tunnel identifier is used to indicate that the data is data sent by the first terminal to the second terminal.
  • the first UPF receives data from the first terminal, it can determine that the data is the data sent by the first terminal to the second terminal according to the user tunnel identifier in the data, so as to send the data to the second terminal The corresponding second UPF.
  • the user tunnel identifier may be some fields added in the data by the first terminal that can identify the transmission path from the first terminal to the second terminal, for example, the field may be added to the GTP-U packet header, or added In the upper layer of GTP-U, there is no restriction here.
  • the first UPF can determine that it is an end-to-end forwarding service according to the user tunnel identifier in the received data, and then distinguish it from 5G LAN services , the message of the 5G LAN service is forwarded based on the destination address in the message, while the end-to-end service in the embodiment of this application is forwarded based on the flow, and the UPF does not perceive the destination address in the message.
  • an embodiment of the present application further provides a data transmission method
  • FIG. 8 shows another schematic flowchart of the data transmission method provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • the data transmission method may include S801-S804, and the data transmitted in S801-S804 is service data sent by the first terminal to the second terminal.
  • the first terminal sends data to the first UPF.
  • the first UPF receives data from the first terminal.
  • the first UPF determines a first QoS flow corresponding to the data characteristic of the data according to the correspondence between the data characteristic and the first QoS flow.
  • the data feature is the message feature, for example, it can be a quintuple of the message, including: IP address, source port, destination IP address, destination port and transport layer protocol.
  • the corresponding relationship between the data feature and the first QoS flow may also be configured to the first UPF by the SMF corresponding to the first UPF.
  • the first UPF may receive the first configuration information from the first SMF, and in this case, the first configuration information is used to indicate the correspondence between the data characteristics and the first QoS flow.
  • the first configuration information includes data features and identification information of the first QoS flow corresponding to the data features.
  • the identification information of the first QoS flow may be the above-mentioned QFI.
  • the first configuration information further includes identification information of the first interface, where the identification information of the first interface is used to indicate that the first UPF passes the first QoS flow in the first interface corresponding to the identification information of the first interface, Send data to the second user plane function.
  • the first UPF may send the information to the first interface according to the local policy. For example, different first interfaces have different link attributes, and the determined first QoS flow will be There are specific link attribute requirements, so the transmission can be sent to the first interface that meets the link attribute requirements of the first QoS flow.
  • the first UPF sends data to the second UPF through the first QoS flow.
  • the second UPF receives data from the first UPF through the first QoS flow.
  • the second UPF sends data to the second terminal.
  • the second terminal receives data from the second UPF.
  • the corresponding second QoS may also be determined according to the data characteristics.
  • the flow or the third QoS flow is not repeated here.
  • data transmission is performed between the first UPF and the second UPF through the first QoS flow corresponding to the data characteristics, so it can be between the first UPF and the second UPF.
  • the transmission path provides reliable QoS guarantee.
  • the data transmission between the first terminal and the first UPF and between the second UPF and the second terminal is also based on the QoS flow. Therefore, the entire transmission path from the first terminal to the second terminal can be sent for the first terminal. Provide reliable QoS guarantee for the data of the second terminal.
  • the specific configuration methods of the first configuration information and the second configuration information are the same as or similar to the configuration rules for PDR and FAR in the embodiment shown in FIG. 6A . , not repeated.
  • the data feature is configured in the PDR
  • the identification information of the first QoS flow corresponding to the data feature of the data is configured in the FAR.
  • FIG. 9 shows another schematic flowchart of the data transmission method provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • the data transmission method may include S901-S904, and the data transmitted in S901-S904 is service data sent by the first terminal to the second terminal.
  • the first terminal sends data to the first UPF.
  • the first UPF receives data from the first terminal.
  • the first UPF determines a first interface corresponding to the data characteristic of the data according to the correspondence between the data characteristic and the first interface, and determines a first QoS flow corresponding to the first interface.
  • the correspondence between the data feature and the first interface may also be configured to the first UPF by the SMF corresponding to the first UPF.
  • the first UPF may receive the first configuration information from the first SMF, and at this time, the first configuration information is used to indicate the correspondence between the data feature and the first interface.
  • the first configuration information includes data features and identification information of the first interface corresponding to the data features.
  • the identification information of the first interface may be the interface identification of the N9 interface, or the TEID of the GTP-U tunnel mentioned above.
  • the first QoS flow corresponding to the first interface also conforms to the data characteristic of the data.
  • the first UPF sends data to the second UPF through the first QoS flow.
  • the second UPF receives data from the first UPF through the first QoS flow.
  • the second UPF may receive data from the first UPF through the first QoS flow in the first interface determined above.
  • the second UPF sends data to the second terminal.
  • the second terminal receives data from the second UPF.
  • the corresponding second QoS may also be determined according to data characteristics.
  • the flow or the third QoS flow is also omitted here.
  • data transmission is performed between the first UPF and the second UPF through the first QoS flow in the first interface corresponding to the data feature, so the first UPF may also be
  • the transmission path between the second UPF and the second UPF provides reliable QoS guarantee.
  • the data transmission between the first terminal and the first UPF and between the second UPF and the second terminal is also based on the QoS flow. Therefore, the entire transmission path from the first terminal to the second terminal can also be the first terminal.
  • the data sent to the second terminal provides reliable QoS guarantee.
  • the specific configuration methods of the first configuration information and the second configuration information are the same as or similar to the configuration rules for PDR and FAR in the embodiment shown in FIG. 6A . , and will not be repeated.
  • the data characteristics include QoS requirements (for example, delay requirements) of data transmission
  • the first UPF may be based on the QoS requirements of data, and the first interface and/or QoS flow.
  • the link quality is determined, and the first interface and/or the first QoS flow for forwarding data is determined.
  • the data sent by the first terminal to the second terminal may also include a user tunnel identifier, and the user tunnel identifier is the same as that described in the foregoing embodiment, It is not repeated here.
  • the process of sending data by the first terminal that is, the data transmission method described in this application, is applicable to the process of service data transmission between any two terminals.
  • the data transmission method can create a forwarding path between the UPFs serving the user, and based on the QoS requirements of the user, the service data is forwarded to the UPF serving the opposite end user through an appropriate forwarding path.
  • SD-WAN software-defined wide area network
  • SDN software defined network
  • FIG. 10 shows a schematic diagram of a system composition of end-to-end transmission in a wide area network scenario.
  • SD-WAN is generally implemented through tunnels. Multiple links are included between the SD-WAN application (application) device at the sending end and the SD-WAN application (application) device at the receiving end, for example, a cable link (cable), a digital subscriber line (digital subscriber line, DSL) and so on.
  • the SD-WAN application device at the sending end can obtain link quality information such as delay, packet loss, and jitter of each link through frequent link quality detection, and then can analyze the user service data of the sending end according to service requirements and link quality information. It is sent to the SD-WAN application device at the receiving end through different links.
  • the SD-WAN application device at the receiving end can forward the received user service data to the receiving end.
  • the above-mentioned end-to-end transmission process in the SD-WAN technology-based WAN scenario can only provide link quality assurance for the transmission link between the SD-WAN application device at the sending end and the SD-WAN application device at the receiving end. It is impossible to provide reliable end-to-end wide-area link quality assurance for the entire link from the sender to the receiver.
  • the transmission path between the first UPF and the second UPF can replace the SD-WAN application device at the sending end and the SD-WAN application at the receiving end in the SD-WAN technology-based WAN scenario
  • the transmission link between devices provides reliable end-to-end wide-area link quality assurance for the entire link from the sender to the receiver.
  • UPF can not perceive the destination address in the packet, but forwards it based on the corresponding relationship between sessions and flows, thereby reducing the forwarding requirements for UPF, and does not limit the number of user addresses, etc., improving the user experience. Flexibility of side network deployment.
  • the data transmission method provided by the embodiment of the present application does not require a terminal to implement a tunneling protocol.
  • the first terminal may also initiate link quality detection to the second terminal to obtain the link quality of the end-to-end forwarding path created in the foregoing embodiment, and then the first terminal can detect the link quality based on the detection.
  • the link quality determines the QoS flow that distributes the packets.
  • the data sent by the first terminal to the second terminal includes a link detection indication.
  • the first detection information may be inserted into the data according to the link detection indication.
  • the first detection information may be included in the GTP-U packet header, or may be included in the upper layer of the GTP-U.
  • the first detection information includes uplink bandwidth, downlink bandwidth, uplink packet loss statistics (packet loss rate), downlink packet loss statistics (packet loss rate), and received packets corresponding to the QoS flow in the transmission path from the first terminal to the first UPF.
  • One or more of the timestamp, the timestamp of the sent message, and the uplink/downlink air interface delay of the first terminal are examples of the first terminal.
  • the data when the second UPF receives the data, the data includes the first detection information and the link detection indication.
  • the second UPF receives the data it may insert the second detection information into the data according to the link detection indication.
  • the second detection information is similar to the first detection information, and may include uplink bandwidth, downlink bandwidth, uplink packet loss statistics (packet loss rate), and downlink packet loss statistics (loss One or more of the information such as the time stamp of the received message, the time stamp of the sent message, and the uplink/downlink air interface delay of the first terminal.
  • the types of the second detection information and the first detection information may be the same or different.
  • the link detection indication is used to instruct the first UPF to insert the first detection information into the data, and the second UPF to insert the second detection information into the data.
  • the second terminal may combine the third detection information on the transmission path from the second UPF to the second terminal learned by itself, and the first detection information and the third detection information contained in the data. 2. Detection information, so as to determine the link quality information of the entire transmission path from the first terminal to the second terminal. Then, the second terminal can return the link quality information of the entire transmission path from the first terminal to the second terminal to the first terminal, so that the first terminal can The quality information is used to determine the QoS flow of the distributed packet when sending data to the second terminal.
  • the first terminal may also send the link detection indication to the second terminal through a detection packet alone, for example, the link detection indication may be carried in the detection packet.
  • an embodiment of the present application further provides a link quality detection method
  • FIG. 11 shows a schematic flowchart of the link quality detection method provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • the link quality detection method may include S1101-S1109, where S1101-S1109 is a process in which the first terminal sends a link detection indication to the second terminal, and receives a link detection indication returned by the second terminal.
  • the first terminal sends a detection packet to the first UPF, where the detection packet includes a link detection indication.
  • the first UPF receives the detection message from the first terminal.
  • the first UPF generates first detection information, and inserts a detection message.
  • the first UPF sends a detection packet to the second UPF, where the detection packet includes the first detection information and a link detection indication.
  • the second UPF receives the detection message from the first UPF.
  • the second UPF generates second detection information, and inserts the detection message.
  • the second UPF sends a detection packet to the second terminal, where the detection packet includes the first detection information, the second detection information, and the link detection indication.
  • the second terminal receives the detection message from the second UPF.
  • the second terminal generates third detection information.
  • the second terminal sends link quality information to the second UPF, where the link quality information includes the first detection information, the second detection information, and the third detection information.
  • the link quality information is link quality information of the transmission path from the first terminal to the second terminal.
  • the first detection information is link quality information of the transmission path from the first terminal to the first UPF
  • the second detection information is link quality information of the transmission path from the first UPF to the second UPF
  • the third detection information is the second UPF Link quality information of the transmission path to the second terminal.
  • the second UPF receives the link quality information.
  • the second UPF sends link quality information to the first UPF.
  • the first UPF receives the link quality information.
  • the first UPF sends link quality information to the first terminal.
  • the first terminal receives the link quality information.
  • the link detection indication is specifically used to instruct to detect link quality information of a QoS flow carrying the link detection indication in the transmission path from the first terminal to the second terminal. That is, which QoS flow is used to carry the detection packet including the link detection indication, the link detection indication is specifically used to indicate the link quality information of the corresponding QoS flow.
  • the link detection indication includes identification information of one or more QoS flows. At this time, it is specifically used to indicate the link quality information of the QoS flow corresponding to the identification information of the QoS flow included in the link detection instruction.
  • the first terminal and the second terminal may periodically (for example, the periodic period may be 5ms, 10ms, 100ms, etc., which is not limited here) send link detection instructions to each other, and then the first terminal and The second terminal can obtain the link quality information from the local terminal to the opposite terminal (for example, the first terminal is the terminal and the second terminal is the opposite terminal) within a one-way delay.
  • the first terminal and the second terminal may also send the link quality information received from the peer terminal last time in the link detection instruction, so that the peer terminal can obtain more accurate link quality. information (such as the above-mentioned delay information).
  • the first terminal sends a link detection indication to the second terminal, and at the same time, sends the link quality information of the transmission path from the second terminal to the first terminal to the second terminal.
  • different types of link quality information can also be obtained in different processes, for example, the delay is obtained through one detection process, and then the delay information and available bandwidth information are inserted in the next detection process, and then Guarantee the accuracy of delay detection.
  • the link quality detection method further includes: the first terminal according to the link quality information of the transmission path from the first terminal to the second terminal and the service quality requirement of the data to be sent to the second terminal , and determine the quality of service flow that carries the data.
  • the first terminal may determine the detected link quality according to the link quality information of the transmission path from the first terminal to the second terminal. Then, the first terminal may determine a QoS flow for distributing data (eg, packets) according to the QoS requirements of the data to be sent to the second terminal and the detected link quality.
  • the method for obtaining the link quality is not limited.
  • it may be obtained by means of link quality detection as described in the foregoing embodiment, or may be obtained from the control plane when the flow is created, which is not limited here.
  • the above-mentioned embodiment shown in FIG. 11 is a process in which the first terminal initiates link quality detection, and what is detected is the link quality of the transmission path from the first terminal to the second terminal.
  • the second terminal may also initiate a process of link quality detection, and the corresponding detection is the link quality of the transmission path from the second terminal to the first terminal.
  • the process of link quality detection may also be initiated by the first UPF or the second UPF.
  • the first UPF may send a first link detection request to the first terminal, and the first terminal may return the link quality information of the transmission path from the first UPF to the first terminal to the first UPF according to the first link detection request . Accordingly, the first UPF receives the link quality information of the transmission path from the first UPF to the first terminal from the first terminal.
  • the second UPF may send a second link detection request to the first UPF. Accordingly, the first UPF receives the second link detection request from the second UPF. Then, the first UPF may return the link quality information of the transmission path from the first UPF to the first terminal and the link quality of the transmission path from the second UPF to the first UPF to the second UPF according to the second link detection request information.
  • the second UPF can learn the link quality information of the transmission path from the second UPF to the first terminal. Since the second UPF can also easily learn the link quality information of the transmission path from the second terminal to the second UPF, the second UPF can determine the link quality information of the transmission path from the second terminal to the first terminal, and returns to the terminal, so that the second terminal can obtain the link quality information of the transmission path from the second terminal to the first terminal. Therefore, the second terminal can determine, according to the link quality information of the entire transmission path from the second terminal to the first terminal, the QoS flow of the packet to be distributed when sending data to the first terminal.
  • the first UPF can also obtain the link quality information of the transmission path from the first terminal to the second terminal, and send it to the first terminal, so that the first terminal can obtain the link quality information of the entire transmission path from the first terminal to the second terminal according to the The link quality information is used to determine the QoS flow of the distributed packet when sending data to the second terminal.
  • the first UPF may send a link detection request to the second UPF to request to obtain link quality information of the transmission path from the first UPF to the second terminal, and the link detection request may be referred to as a third link detection request.
  • the link quality information of the transmission path from the first UPF to the second terminal includes: the link quality information of the transmission path from the first UPF to the second UPF generated by the second UPF, and the second UPF sent by the second terminal to the second UPF. Link quality information of the transmission path from the UPF to the second terminal.
  • the second terminal may send the link quality information of the transmission path from the second UPF to the second terminal to the second UPF, reference may be made to the link of the transmission path from the first UPF to the first terminal sent by the first terminal to the first UPF. process of quality information.
  • the second UPF may send a fourth link detection request to the second terminal, and the second terminal may return the link quality information of the transmission path from the second UPF to the second terminal to the second UPF.
  • the first UPF may acquire link quality information of the transmission path from the first terminal to the first UPF. Therefore, the first UPF can obtain the link quality information of the transmission path from the first terminal to the second terminal.
  • the first UPF can send the obtained link quality information of the transmission path from the first terminal to the second terminal to the first terminal, so that the first terminal can information to determine the QoS flow of the packet distribution when sending data to the second terminal.
  • FIG. 12 shows another process of the link quality detection method provided by the embodiment of the present application Schematic.
  • the link quality detection method may include S1201-S1204.
  • the first UPF sends a link quality detection request to the second UPF.
  • the link quality detection request sent by the first UPF to the second UPF refers to the above-mentioned third link detection request.
  • the second UPF receives the link quality detection request.
  • the second UPF sends the link quality information of the transmission path from the first UPF to the second terminal to the first UPF.
  • the first UPF receives the link quality information of the transmission path from the first UPF to the second terminal.
  • the first UPF acquires link quality information of the transmission path from the first terminal to the first UPF.
  • the first UPF is based on the link quality information of the transmission path from the first terminal to the first UPF, the link quality information of the transmission path from the first UPF to the second UPF, and the transmission path from the second UPF to the second terminal.
  • the link quality information of the first terminal can be obtained, and the link quality information of the transmission path from the first terminal to the second terminal can be obtained.
  • the first UPF sends the link quality information of the transmission path from the first terminal to the second terminal to the first terminal.
  • the first terminal receives the link quality information of the transmission path from the first terminal to the second terminal.
  • the link quality information of the transmission path from the first terminal to the first UPF including: link quality information of the transmission path from the first terminal to the access network device of the first terminal, and link quality information of the transmission path from the access network device of the first terminal to the first UPF.
  • the link quality information of the transmission path from the second UPF to the second terminal includes: the access network device from the second UPF to the second terminal The link quality information of the transmission path of the second terminal, and the link quality information of the transmission path from the access network device of the second terminal to the second terminal.
  • the access network device of the first terminal when the first terminal accesses the core network through an access network device, the access network device of the first terminal receives data sent by the first terminal that includes a link
  • the detection information of the transmission path from the first terminal to the access network device of the first terminal is inserted once, which is called the fourth detection information; and the first UPF receives the information forwarded by the access network device of the first terminal.
  • the detection information of the access network device of the first terminal into the first UPF will be inserted once, which is called fifth detection information. That is, the above-mentioned first detection information includes fourth detection information and fifth detection information.
  • both the third detection information and the fourth detection information include uplink bandwidth information
  • the uplink bandwidth information in the fourth detection information is smaller than the uplink bandwidth information in the third detection information
  • only the information in the fourth detection information is retained. upstream bandwidth information.
  • the first UPF may obtain the link quality information of the transmission path from the first terminal to the second terminal.
  • the first SMF mentioned in the foregoing embodiment determines the correspondence between the second QoS flow and the first QoS flow or the first interface, or determines the correspondence between the data feature and the first QoS flow or the first interface, That is, it may mean that: after the first UPF obtains the link quality information of the transmission path from the first terminal to the second terminal, the link quality information is sent to the control plane network element (for example, the first SMF), and the control plane network The element determines the foregoing correspondence according to the link quality information.
  • the control plane network element for example, the first SMF
  • the first UPF may send the link quality information to the first SMF.
  • the first SMF may determine the first QoS flow when the first UPF forwards data to the second UPF according to the QoS requirements of the data, and configure the second QoS flow between the first terminal and the first UPF and the first QoS flow between the first terminal and the first UPF.
  • the correspondence to the first UPF is related to the first UPF or the like.
  • the second UPF may return link quality information to the first UPF, including: the second UPF The time stamp at which the link detection request is received, and the time stamp at which the second UPF sends the link quality information.
  • the first UPF may send a detection packet to the second UPF through the first interface, and the first UPF may insert a link detection request into the detection packet.
  • the second UPF sends the link quality information to the first UPF, it includes: the second UPF receives the time stamp of the detection packet (that is, the time stamp of receiving the link detection request), and sends the link quality information time stamp.
  • the first UPF may determine the link quality of the transmission path between the first UPF and the second UPF according to the received link quality information. For example, the first UPF may determine the link time of the transmission path from the first UPF to the second UPF according to the time stamp of the second UPF receiving the detection packet and the time stamp of the second UPF sending the link quality information
  • the link delay refers to the link quality. For example, if the time stamp of the second UPF receiving the detection packet is 5ms earlier than the time stamp of the second UPF sending the link quality information, the first UPF can determine the time stamp of the transmission path from the first UPF to the second UPF.
  • the link delay is 5ms, of course, it can be understood that 5ms is only an exemplary illustration.
  • the first UPF and the control plane network element may calculate the maximum delay budget from the first terminal to the first UPF, the link quality between the first UPF and the second UPF, and the second UPF according to the and the maximum delay budget between the second terminal and the second terminal, determine the maximum delay between the first terminal and the second terminal, and then determine the first QoS flow of the packet when the first UPF forwards data to the second UPF; or, When it is determined that data is forwarded between other terminals and the terminal, the data packet is forwarded by using the first interface between the first UPF and the second UPF and/or the first QoS flow.
  • the first UPF may return link quality information to the second UPF, including: a timestamp at which the first UPF received the link detection request, and the first UPF Timestamp when UPF sent the link quality information.
  • the second UPF may determine the link quality of the transmission path between the second UPF and the first UPF according to the time stamp when the first UPF receives the link detection request and the time stamp when the first UPF sends the link quality information .
  • the second UPF and the control plane network element may calculate the maximum delay budget from the second terminal to the second UPF, the link quality between the second UPF and the first UPF, and the first UPF and the maximum delay budget between the first terminal and the first terminal, determine the maximum delay between the second terminal and the first terminal, and then determine the first QoS flow of the packet when the second UPF forwards data to the first UPF.
  • each network element for example, the first user plane network element, the second user plane network element, the first terminal, the second terminal, etc., in order to realize the above functions, it includes the corresponding hardware structure and hardware structure for executing each function. / or software modules.
  • the embodiments of the present application may further provide a communication device that can be applied to the first user plane function.
  • FIG. 13 shows a schematic structural diagram of a communication apparatus provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the communication device includes: a receiving unit 1301 and a sending unit 1302 .
  • the receiving unit 1301 is used for receiving data from the first terminal, the data is data sent to the second terminal; the sending unit 1302 is used for sending data to the second user plane function through the first QoS flow, the second user
  • the plane function is the user plane function corresponding to the second terminal.
  • the data includes a link detection indication
  • the link detection indication is used to instruct the sending unit 1302 to insert link quality information of the transmission path from the first terminal to the first user plane function in the data , or, insert the link quality information of the access network device of the first terminal to the transmission path of the first user plane function.
  • the sending unit 1302 is further configured to send a first link detection request to the first terminal; the receiving unit 1301 is further configured to receive the first user plane function from the first terminal to the first terminal's Link quality information of the transmission path.
  • the receiving unit 1301 is further configured to receive a second link detection request from the second user plane function; the sending unit 1302 is further configured to send the first user plane function to the second user plane function to Link quality information of the transmission path of the first terminal, and link quality information of the transmission path from the second user plane function to the first user plane function.
  • the sending unit 1302 is further configured to send a third link detection request to the second user plane function; the receiving unit 1301 is further configured to receive the first user plane function from the second user plane function to The link quality information of the transmission path of the second user plane function and the link quality information of the transmission path of the second user plane function to the second terminal; the sending unit 1302 is further configured to send the first terminal to the first terminal to the second terminal.
  • Link quality information of the transmission path of a user plane function, link quality information of the transmission path of the first user plane function to the second user plane function, and link quality of the transmission path of the second user plane function to the second terminal road quality information.
  • the link quality information of the transmission path from the first user plane function to the second user plane function includes: the second user plane function receives the third link detection request the timestamp, and the timestamp of the link quality information sent by the second user plane function.
  • the apparatus further includes: a processing unit 1303, configured to determine the link quality of the transmission path from the first user plane function to the second user plane function according to the link quality information.
  • the receiving unit 1301 is specifically configured to receive data from the first terminal through the second QoS flow; the apparatus further includes: a processing unit 1303, configured to receive data from the first terminal according to the first QoS flow.
  • the correspondence between the second QoS flow and the first QoS flow determines the first QoS flow corresponding to the second QoS flow.
  • the correspondence between the second QoS flow and the first QoS flow is determined according to the QoS requirements that the second QoS flow can meet and the QoS requirements that the first QoS flow can meet.
  • the receiving unit 1301 is further configured to receive first configuration information from the first session management function, where the first configuration information is used to indicate the correspondence between the second QoS flow and the first QoS flow.
  • the first configuration information includes identification information of the second QoS flow and identification information of the first QoS flow corresponding to the second QoS flow.
  • the first configuration information further includes identification information of the first interface, and the first configuration information is used to instruct the sending unit 1302 to send the first interface to the second user plane function through the first QoS flow data.
  • the identification information of the second QoS flow and the first QoS flow are the same.
  • the receiving unit 1301 is specifically configured to receive data from the first terminal through the second QoS flow;
  • the processing unit 1303 is configured to, according to the correspondence between the second QoS flow and the first interface, Determine the first interface corresponding to the second QoS flow, and determine the first QoS flow corresponding to the first interface; wherein, the correspondence between the second QoS flow and the first interface can be satisfied according to the second QoS flow
  • the QoS requirements and the QoS requirements that can be satisfied by the first interface are determined.
  • the receiving unit 1301 is further configured to receive first configuration information from the first session management function, where the first configuration information is used to indicate the correspondence between the second QoS flow and the first interface.
  • the first configuration information includes identification information of the second QoS flow and identification information of the first interface corresponding to the second QoS flow.
  • the processing unit 1303 is configured to determine the first QoS flow corresponding to the data characteristic of the data according to the correspondence between the data characteristic and the first QoS flow.
  • the receiving unit 1301 is further configured to receive first configuration information from the first session management function, where the first configuration information is used to indicate the correspondence between the data feature and the first QoS flow.
  • the first configuration information includes data characteristics and identification information of the first QoS flow corresponding to the data characteristics.
  • the first configuration information further includes identification information of the first interface, and the first configuration information is used to instruct the sending unit 1302 to send the first interface to the second user plane function through the first QoS flow. data.
  • the processing unit 1303 is configured to determine the first interface corresponding to the data characteristic of the data according to the correspondence between the data characteristic and the first interface, and determine the first interface corresponding to the first interface The first QoS flow.
  • the receiving unit 1301 is further configured to receive first configuration information from the first session management function, where the first configuration information is used to indicate the correspondence between the data feature and the first interface.
  • the first configuration information includes data features and identification information of the first interface corresponding to the data features.
  • the data includes a user tunnel identifier, and the user tunnel identifier is used to indicate that the data is the data sent by the first terminal to the second terminal.
  • FIG. 14 shows another schematic structural diagram of a communication apparatus provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the communication apparatus includes: a receiving unit 1401 and a sending unit 1402 .
  • the receiving unit 1401 is configured to receive data from a first user plane function through a first QoS flow, where the first user plane function is a user plane function corresponding to the first terminal, and the data is data sent to the second terminal;
  • the sending unit 1402 is configured to send the data to the second terminal.
  • the data includes a link detection indication
  • the link detection indication is used to instruct the sending unit 1402 to insert the transmission path of the first user plane function to the second user plane function in the data.
  • Link quality information is used to instruct the sending unit 1402 to insert the transmission path of the first user plane function to the second user plane function in the data.
  • the sending unit 1402 is further configured to send a second link detection request to the first user plane function;
  • the receiving unit 1401 is further configured to receive the first user plane function from the first user plane function to link quality information of the transmission path of the first terminal, and link quality information of the transmission path from the second user plane function to the first user plane function;
  • the sending unit 1402 is further configured to send the first user plane function to the second terminal Link quality information of the transmission path to the first terminal, link quality information of the transmission path of the second user plane function to the first user plane function, and link quality of the transmission path of the second terminal to the second user plane function information.
  • the receiving unit 1401 is further configured to receive a third link detection request from the first user plane function; the sending unit 1402 is further configured to send the first user plane function to the first user plane function to Link quality information of the transmission path of the second user plane function, and link quality information of the transmission path of the second user plane function to the second terminal.
  • the sending unit 1402 is further configured to send a fourth link detection request to the second terminal;
  • the receiving unit 1401 is further configured to receive the second user plane function from the second terminal to the second terminal's Link quality information of the transmission path.
  • the sending unit 1402 is further configured to send a link detection request to the first user plane function;
  • the receiving unit 1401 is further configured to receive a link detection request from the first user plane function.
  • Link quality information includes: a time stamp when the first user plane function receives the link detection request, and a time stamp when the first user plane function sends the link quality information;
  • the apparatus further includes: a processing unit 1403, for determining the link quality of the transmission path from the second user plane function to the first user plane function according to the link quality information.
  • the sending unit 1402 is specifically configured to send the data to the second terminal through the third QoS flow; the apparatus further includes: a processing unit 1403, configured to send the data to the second terminal according to the third QoS flow;
  • the correspondence between a QoS flow and a third QoS flow determines a third QoS flow corresponding to the first QoS flow.
  • the correspondence between the first QoS flow and the third QoS flow is determined according to the QoS requirements that can be satisfied by the first QoS flow and the QoS requirements that can be satisfied by the third QoS flow.
  • the receiving unit is further configured to receive second configuration information from the second session management function, where the second configuration information is used to indicate the correspondence between the first QoS flow and the third QoS flow.
  • the second configuration information includes identification information of the first QoS flow and identification information of a third QoS flow corresponding to the first QoS flow.
  • the identification information of the first QoS flow and the third QoS flow are the same.
  • the receiving unit 1401 is specifically configured to receive data from the first user plane function through the first QoS flow in the first interface;
  • the sending unit 1402 is specifically configured to send data to the first user plane function through the third QoS flow
  • the second terminal sends the data;
  • the processing unit 1403 is configured to determine the third QoS flow corresponding to the first interface according to the correspondence between the first interface and the third QoS flow.
  • the correspondence between the first interface and the third QoS flow is determined according to the QoS requirements that can be satisfied by the first interface and the QoS requirements that can be satisfied by the third QoS flow.
  • the receiving unit 1401 is further configured to receive second configuration information from the second session management function, where the second configuration information is used to indicate the correspondence between the first interface and the third QoS flow.
  • the second configuration information includes identification information of the first interface and identification information of the third QoS flow corresponding to the first interface.
  • the data includes a user tunnel identifier, and the user tunnel identifier is used to indicate that the data is the data sent by the first terminal to the second terminal.
  • FIG. 15 shows another schematic structural diagram of a communication apparatus provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the communication device includes: a sending unit 1501 and a receiving unit 1502 .
  • the sending unit 1501 is configured to send the link detection indication and the link quality information of the transmission path from the second terminal to the first terminal to the second terminal; the receiving unit 1502 is configured to receive the first terminal from the second terminal Link quality information of the transmission path to the second terminal.
  • the link quality information of the transmission path from the first terminal to the second terminal includes: the link quality information of the transmission path from the first terminal to the first user plane function, the link quality information of the transmission path from the first terminal to the first user plane function, the Link quality information of the transmission path of the second user plane function, and link quality information of the transmission path of the second user plane function to the second terminal.
  • the link quality information of the transmission path from the first terminal to the first user plane function includes: link quality information of the transmission path from the first terminal to the access network device of the first terminal, and Link quality information of the transmission path from the access network device of the first terminal to the first user plane function.
  • the link quality information of the transmission path from the second user plane function to the second terminal includes: link quality information of the transmission path from the second user plane function to the access network device of the second terminal , and the link quality information of the transmission path from the access network device of the second terminal to the second terminal.
  • the link detection indication is specifically used to instruct to detect link quality information of a QoS flow bearing the link detection indication in the transmission path from the first terminal to the second terminal.
  • the link detection indication includes identification information of one or more QoS flows.
  • the communication device further includes: a processing unit (not shown in the figure), configured to send information to the second terminal according to the link quality information of the transmission path from the first terminal to the second terminal The QoS requirement of the data is determined, and the QoS flow carrying the data is determined.
  • the second terminal also has a device similar to that of the first terminal, which is used to realize that the second terminal sends a link detection indication to the first terminal to obtain the link quality information of the transmission path from the second terminal to the first terminal. function, which will not be repeated here.
  • FIG. 16 shows another schematic structural diagram of a communication apparatus provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the communication apparatus includes: a sending unit 1601 and a receiving unit 1602 .
  • the sending unit 1601 is configured to send a first link detection request to the first terminal; the receiving unit 1602 is configured to receive link quality information from the first user plane function of the first terminal to the transmission path of the first terminal.
  • the receiving unit 1602 is further configured to receive a second link detection request from the second user plane function; the sending unit 1601 is further configured to send the first user plane function to the second user plane function to Link quality information of the transmission path of the first terminal, and link quality information of the transmission path from the second user plane function to the first user plane function.
  • the sending unit 1601 is further configured to send a third link detection request to the second user plane function;
  • the receiving unit 1602 is further configured to receive the first user plane function from the second user plane function to The link quality information of the transmission path of the second user plane function and the link quality information of the transmission path of the second user plane function to the second terminal;
  • the sending unit 1601 is further configured to send the first terminal to the first terminal to the second terminal. Describe the link quality information of the transmission path of the first user plane function, the link quality information of the transmission path of the first user plane function to the second user plane function, and the link of the transmission path of the second user plane function to the second terminal road quality information.
  • the second user plane function also has means similar to the first user plane function, and is used to implement the functions that can be realized by the second user plane function described in the foregoing embodiments, for example, sending the first user plane function to the first user plane function.
  • Second link detection request send the link quality information of the transmission path from the second terminal to the first terminal to the terminal, receive the third link detection request from the first user plane function, and send the fourth link detection request to the second terminal request, and send, to the second user plane function, link quality information and the like of the transmission path from the second user plane function to the second terminal.
  • the specific implementation of the apparatus for the second user plane function will not be described in detail here with reference to the accompanying drawings.
  • FIG. 17 shows another schematic structural diagram of a communication apparatus provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the communication apparatus may include: a transceiver unit 1701 and a processing unit 1702 .
  • the transceiver unit 1701 may be used to send and receive information, or to communicate with other network elements.
  • the processing unit 1702 may be used to process data.
  • the first user described in the foregoing embodiments can be implemented through the transceiver unit 1701 and the processing unit 1702 A method performed correspondingly by a plane network element, a second user plane network element, a first terminal, or a second terminal.
  • the division of units in the above apparatus is only a division of logical functions, and in actual implementation, it may be fully or partially integrated into one physical entity, or may be physically separated. And all the units in the device can be realized in the form of software calling through the processing element; also can all be realized in the form of hardware; some units can also be realized in the form of software calling through the processing element, and some units can be realized in the form of hardware.
  • each unit can be a separately established processing element, or can be integrated in a certain chip of the device to be implemented, and can also be stored in the memory in the form of a program, which can be called by a certain processing element of the device and execute the unit's processing. Function.
  • all or part of these units can be integrated together, and can also be implemented independently.
  • the processing element described here may also be called a processor, which may be an integrated circuit with signal processing capability.
  • each step of the above method or each of the above units may be implemented by an integrated logic circuit of hardware in the processor element or implemented in the form of software being invoked by the processing element.
  • a unit in any of the above apparatuses may be one or more integrated circuits configured to implement the above methods, such as: one or more ASICs, or, one or more DSPs, or, one or more FPGA, or a combination of at least two of these integrated circuit forms.
  • the processing element can be a general-purpose processor, such as a CPU or other processors that can invoke programs.
  • these units can be integrated together and implemented in the form of a system-on-a-chip (SOC).
  • the above unit for receiving is an interface circuit or input circuit of the device for receiving signals from other devices.
  • the receiving unit is an interface circuit or an input circuit used by the chip to receive signals from other chips or devices.
  • the means for transmitting is an interface circuit or output circuit of the device for transmitting signals to other devices.
  • the sending unit is an interface circuit or an output circuit used by the chip to send signals to other chips or devices.
  • an embodiment of the present application may further provide a communication apparatus, which may be applied to any one of the first user plane network element, the second user plane network element, the first terminal, and the second terminal.
  • the communication apparatus may include: a processor and an interface circuit.
  • the processor may include one or more.
  • the processor When the communication device is applied to the first user plane network element, the second user plane network element, the first terminal, or the second terminal, the processor is configured to communicate with other devices through the interface circuit, and execute the first user plane in the above method. Each step performed correspondingly by the network element, the second user plane network element, the first terminal, or the second terminal.
  • the units for the first user plane network element, the second user plane network element, the first terminal, or the second terminal to implement each corresponding step in the above method respectively may be implemented in the form of a processing element scheduler.
  • an apparatus for a first user plane network element, a second user plane network element, a first terminal, or a second terminal may include a processing element and a storage element, and the processing element invokes a program stored in the storage element to execute the above method implementation
  • the example corresponds to the method executed by the first user plane network element, the second user plane network element, the first terminal, or the second terminal.
  • the storage element may be a storage element on the same chip as the processing element, ie, an on-chip storage element.
  • the program for executing the method performed by the first user plane network element, the second user plane network element, the first terminal, or the second terminal in the above method may be on a different chip from the processing element storage elements, namely off-chip storage elements.
  • the processing element calls or loads the program from the off-chip storage element on the on-chip storage element, so as to call and execute the corresponding first user plane network element, second user plane network element, first terminal, or A method executed by the second terminal.
  • an embodiment of the present application may further provide a communication apparatus, and the communication apparatus may include a processor for executing computer instructions stored in a memory, and when the computer instructions are executed, the apparatus causes the apparatus to execute the above first user A method performed by a plane network element, a second user plane network element, a first terminal, or a second terminal.
  • the memory may be located within the communication device or external to the communication device.
  • the processor includes one or more.
  • the units of the first user plane network element, the second user plane network element, the first terminal, or the second terminal that implement the steps in the above method may be configured as one or more processing elements, which The processing element may be disposed on the corresponding first user plane network element, the second user plane network element, the first terminal, or the second terminal, and the processing element here may be an integrated circuit, for example: one or more ASICs, or a or multiple DSPs, or, one or more FPGAs, or a combination of these types of integrated circuits. These integrated circuits can be integrated together to form chips.
  • the first user plane network element, the second user plane network element, the first terminal, or the units of the second terminal that implement each step in the above method may be integrated together and implemented in the form of an SOC, and the SOC chip is used to implement the corresponding method.
  • At least one processing element and a storage element may be integrated in the chip, and the corresponding method may be implemented in the form of a program stored in the storage element being invoked by the processing element; or, at least one integrated circuit may be integrated in the chip for implementing the corresponding method; or , can be combined with the above implementations, the functions of some units are realized in the form of calling programs by processing elements, and the functions of some units are realized in the form of integrated circuits.
  • the processing elements here are the same as those described above, and may be a general-purpose processor, such as a CPU, or one or more integrated circuits configured to implement the above method, such as: one or more ASICs, or one or more microprocessors DSP, or, one or more FPGAs, etc., or a combination of at least two of these integrated circuit forms.
  • a general-purpose processor such as a CPU
  • one or more integrated circuits configured to implement the above method, such as: one or more ASICs, or one or more microprocessors DSP, or, one or more FPGAs, etc., or a combination of at least two of these integrated circuit forms.
  • the storage element may be one memory or a collective term for multiple storage elements.
  • an embodiment of the present application further provides a chip system, and the chip system can be applied to any one of the above-mentioned first user plane network element, second user plane network element, first terminal, or second terminal.
  • the chip system includes one or more interface circuits and one or more processors; the interface circuit and the processor are interconnected by lines; the processor receives and executes computer instructions from the memory of the electronic device through the interface circuit, so as to realize the corresponding methods in the above method embodiments.
  • the disclosed apparatus and method may be implemented in other manners.
  • the device embodiments described above are only illustrative.
  • the division of the modules or units is only a logical function division. In actual implementation, there may be other division methods.
  • multiple units or components may be Incorporation may either be integrated into another device, or some features may be omitted, or not implemented.
  • the shown or discussed mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection may be through some interfaces, indirect coupling or communication connection of devices or units, and may be in electrical, mechanical or other forms.
  • the units described as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and the components shown as units may be one physical unit or multiple physical units, that is, they may be located in one place, or may be distributed to multiple different places . Some or all of the units may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution in this embodiment.
  • each functional unit in each embodiment of the present application may be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit may exist physically alone, or two or more units may be integrated into one unit.
  • the above-mentioned integrated units may be implemented in the form of hardware, or may be implemented in the form of software functional units.
  • the integrated unit is implemented in the form of a software functional unit and sold or used as an independent product, it may be stored in a readable storage medium.
  • the software product is stored in a program product, such as a computer-readable storage medium, and includes several instructions to cause a device (which may be a single-chip microcomputer, a chip, etc.) or a processor (processor) to execute all of the methods described in the various embodiments of the present application. or part of the steps.
  • the aforementioned storage medium includes: a U disk, a removable hard disk, a ROM, a RAM, a magnetic disk, or an optical disk and other mediums that can store program codes.
  • the embodiments of the present application may further provide a computer-readable storage medium, including: computer software instructions; when the computer software instructions are run on the core network device or in a chip built into the core network device, the core network device can be made to execute The method performed by the first user plane network element or the second user plane network element as described in the foregoing embodiments.
  • the terminal when the computer software instructions are executed in the terminal or a chip built in the terminal, the terminal is caused to execute the method executed by the first terminal or the second terminal as described in the foregoing embodiments.

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Abstract

本申请公开了一种数据传输及链路质量检测方法、通信装置及存储介质，涉及通信领域。该数据传输方法包括：第一用户面功能接收来自第一终端的数据，该数据是向第二终端发送的数据；第一用户面功能通过第一QoS流，向第二用户面功能发送该数据，第二用户面功能是第二终端对应的用户面功能。该数据传输方法中，第一用户面功能和第二用户面功能之间是通过第一QoS流进行数据传输，第一终端和第一用户面功能之间、以及第二终端和第二用户面功能之间也能够基于QoS流进行数据传输，从第一终端至第二终端的整个传输路径，都能够为第一终端发送给第二终端的数据提供可靠的QoS保障。

Description

数据传输及链路质量检测方法、通信装置及存储介质
本申请要求于2020年09月17日提交国家知识产权局、申请号为202010981900.4、申请名称为“数据传输及链路质量检测方法、通信装置及存储介质”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请实施例涉及通信领域，尤其涉及一种数据传输及链路质量检测方法、通信装置及存储介质。
背景技术
第五代移动通信(5th-generation，5G)网络可以为两个终端之间提供端到端的业务数据传输。例如，终端1可以通过5G网络将业务数据发送给终端2。
利用5G网络实现端到端业务数据传输的一种可能的场景为两个终端共用同一个用户面网元(user plane function，UPF)，两个终端之间的业务数据通过该共用的UPF进行转发。例如，终端1和终端2共用同一个UPF时，终端1可以将业务数据先发送给该UPF，该UPF可以将接收到的业务数据转发给终端2，实现终端1至终端2的业务数据传输。利用5G网络实现端到端业务数据传输的另一种可能的场景为两个终端分别连接不同的UPF，两个终端之间的业务数据通过与两个终端分别连接的UPF进行转发。例如，终端1连接UPF1，终端2连接UPF2时，终端1可以将业务数据先发送给UPF1，UPF1可以将接收到的业务数据转发给UPF2，UPF2可以再将接收到的业务数据转发给终端2，实现终端1至终端2的业务数据传输。
由于5G网络中终端与UPF之间是基于服务质量(quality of service，QoS)流进行数据传输，所以，对于上述两个终端共用同一个UPF的场景而言，5G网络能够为两个终端之间的业务数据传输提供端到端的QoS保障。但是，对于上述两个终端分别连接不同的UPF的场景而言，5G网络仅仅能够为每个终端与该终端对应的UPF之间的业务数据传输提供QoS保障，并不能够提供两个终端之间整体端到端的QoS保障。
发明内容
本申请实施例提供一种数据传输及链路质量检测方法、通信装置及存储介质，可以提供两个终端之间整体端到端的QoS保障。
第一方面，本申请实施例提供一种数据传输方法，该方法包括：第一用户面功能接收来自第一终端的数据，所述数据是向第二终端发送的数据；第一用户面功能通过第一服务质量流，向第二用户面功能发送数据，第二用户面功能是第二终端对应的用户面功能。
该方法中，第一用户面功能和第二用户面功能之间是通过第一服务质量流进行数据传输，而第一终端和第一用户面功能之间、以及第二终端和第二用户面功能之间也能够基于服务质量流进行数据传输，所以，从第一终端至第二终端的整个传输路径中，都能够为第一终端发送给第二终端的数据提供可靠的服务质量保障。
在一种可能的设计中，所述数据中包含有链路检测指示，所述方法还包括：所述第 一用户面功能根据链路检测指示，在数据中插入第一终端至第一用户面功能的传输路径的链路质量信息，或者，插入第一终端的接入网设备至第一用户面功能的传输路径的链路质量信息。
例如，当第一终端直接接入核心网时，第一用户面功能在数据中插入第一终端至第一用户面功能的传输路径的链路质量信息。当第一终端通过接入网设备接入核心网时，第一用户面功能在数据中插入第一终端的接入网设备至第一用户面功能的传输路径的链路质量信息。
可选地，第一终端至第二终端的传输路径中的所有设备，如：第一终端的接入网设备、第一用户面功能、第二用户面功能、第二终端的接入网设备等，均可以根据该链路检测指示，在数据中插入上一传输设备与其之间的传输路径的链路质量信息。例如，对第二用户面功能而言，上一传输设备是指第一用户面功能。
本设计中，第一终端最终可以得到第一终端至第二终端的整个传输路径的链路质量信息，以便于后续根据第一终端至第二终端的整个传输路径的链路质量信息，选择合适的传输路径发送数据给第二终端。第二终端最终可以得到第二终端至第一终端的整个传输路径的链路质量信息，以便于后续根据第二终端至第一终端的整个传输路径的链路质量信息，选择合适的传输路径发送数据给第一终端。
在一种可能的设计中，所述方法还包括：第一用户面功能向第一终端发送第一链路检测请求；第一用户面功能接收来自第一终端的第一用户面功能至第一终端的传输路径的链路质量信息。
本设计中，第一用户面功能可以获得第一终端侧，第一用户面功能至第一终端的传输路径的链路质量信息。
类似地，第二用户面功能也可以向第二终端发送一个链路检测请求，从而获得第二终端侧，第二用户面功能至第二终端的传输路径的链路质量信息。
在一种可能的设计中，所述方法还包括：第一用户面功能接收来自第二用户面功能的第二链路检测请求；第一用户面功能向第二用户面功能发送第一用户面功能至第一终端的传输路径的链路质量信息、以及第二用户面功能至第一用户面功能的传输路径的链路质量信息。
本设计中，第二用户面功能可以获得第一用户面功能至第一终端的传输路径的链路质量信息、以及第二用户面功能至第一用户面功能的传输路径的链路质量信息。
类似地，第一用户面功能也可以向第二用户面功能发送一个链路检测请求，从而获得第二用户面功能至第二终端的传输路径的链路质量信息、以及第一用户面功能至第二用户面功能的传输路径的链路质量信息。
例如，在一种可能的设计中，所述方法还包括：第一用户面功能向第二用户面功能发送第三链路检测请求；第一用户面功能接收来自第二用户面功能的第一用户面功能至第二用户面功能的传输路径的链路质量信息、以及第二用户面功能至第二终端的传输路径的链路质量信息。
对于第一用户面功能而言，其能够得到第一终端至第一用户面功能的传输路径的链路质量信息。因此，第一用户面功能可以向第一终端发送第一终端至第一用户面功能的传输路径的链路质量信息、第一用户面功能至第二用户面功能的传输路径的链路质量信息、以及第二用户面功能至第二终端的传输路径的链路质量信息。
本设计中，第一终端最终可以得到第一终端至第二终端的整个传输路径的链路质量 信息，以便于后续根据第一终端至第二终端的整个传输路径的链路质量信息，选择合适的传输路径发送数据给第二终端。
类似地，对于第二用户面功能而言，其能够得到第二终端至第二用户面功能的传输路径的链路质量信息。而如上所述，第二终端也可以获得第一用户面功能至第一终端的传输路径的链路质量信息、以及第二用户面功能至第一用户面功能的传输路径的链路质量信息。因此，第二用户面功能可以向第二终端发送第二终端至第二用户面功能的传输路径的链路质量信息、第二用户面功能至第一用户面功能的传输路径的链路质量信息、以及第一用户面功能至第一终端的传输路径的链路质量信息。
此时，第二终端最终可以得到第二终端至第一终端的整个传输路径的链路质量信息，以便于后续根据第二终端至第一终端的整个传输路径的链路质量信息，选择合适的传输路径发送数据给第一终端。
在一种可能的设计中，第一用户面功能至第二用户面功能的传输路径的链路质量信息包括：第二用户面功能接收第三链路检测请求的时间戳、以及第二用户面功能发送链路质量信息的时间戳。所述方法还包括：第一用户面功能根据第一用户面功能至第二用户面功能的传输路径的链路质量信息，确定第一用户面功能至第二用户面功能的传输路径的链路质量。
在一种可能的设计中，所述第一用户面功能接收来自第一终端的数据，包括：第一用户面功能通过第二服务质量流接收来自第一终端的数据；所述方法还包括：第一用户面功能根据第二服务质量流与第一服务质量流之间的对应关系，确定与第二服务质量流对应的第一服务质量流。
其中，第二服务质量流与第一服务质量流之间的对应关系，是根据第二服务质量流能够满足的QoS需求(或者称为具备的QoS能力)、以及第一服务质量流能够满足的QoS需求所确定的。
在一种可能的设计中，所述方法还包括：第一用户面功能接收来自第一会话管理功能的第一配置信息，第一配置信息用于指示第二服务质量流与第一服务质量流之间的对应关系。
本设计中，第二服务质量流与第一服务质量流之间的对应关系可以由第一用户面功能对应的会话管理功能配置给第一用户面功能。
在一种可能的设计中，第一配置信息包括第二服务质量流的标识信息、以及与第二服务质量流对应的第一服务质量流的标识信息。
例如，第二服务质量流的标识信息、以及与第二服务质量流对应的第一服务质量流的标识信息，可以是QFI。
在一种可能的设计中，第一配置信息还包括第一接口的标识信息，第一接口是第一用户面功能和第二用户面功能之间的接口，第一配置信息用于指示第一用户面功能在第一接口中，通过第一服务质量流向第二用户面功能发送数据。
在一种可能的设计中，第二服务质量流和第一服务质量流的标识信息相同。
在另一种可能的设计中，所述第一用户面功能接收来自第一终端的数据，包括：第一用户面功能通过第二服务质量流接收来自第一终端的数据；所述方法还包括：第一用户面功能根据第二服务质量流与第一接口之间的对应关系，确定与第二服务质量流对应的第一接口，并确定与第一接口对应的第一服务质量流，第一接口是第一用户面功能和第二用户面功能之间的接口。
其中，第二服务质量流与第一接口之间的对应关系，是根据第二服务质量流能够满足的QoS需求、以及第一接口能够满足的QoS需求所确定的。
在一种可能的设计中，所述方法还包括：第一用户面功能接收来自第一会话管理功能的第一配置信息，第一配置信息用于指示第二服务质量流与第一接口之间的对应关系。
本设计中，第二服务质量流与第一服务质量流之间的对应关系也可以由第一用户面功能对应的会话管理功能配置给第一用户面功能。
在一种可能的设计中，第一配置信息包括第二服务质量流的标识信息、以及与第二服务质量流对应的第一接口的标识信息。
在又一种可能的设计中，所述方法还包括：第一用户面功能根据数据特征与第一服务质量流之间的对应关系，确定与数据的数据特征对应的第一服务质量流。
在一种可能的设计中，第一用户面功能接收来自第一会话管理功能的第一配置信息，第一配置信息用于指示数据特征与第一服务质量流之间的对应关系。
在一种可能的设计中，第一配置信息包括数据特征、以及与数据特征对应的第一服务质量流的标识信息。
在一种可能的设计中，第一配置信息还包括第一接口的标识信息，第一接口是第一用户面功能和第二用户面功能之间的接口，第一配置信息用于指示第一用户面功能在第一接口中，通过第一服务质量流向第二用户面功能发送所述数据。
在又一种可能的设计中，所述方法还包括：第一用户面功能根据数据特征与第一接口之间的对应关系，确定与数据的数据特征对应的第一接口，并确定与第一接口对应的第一服务质量流，第一接口是第一用户面功能和第二用户面功能之间的接口。
在一种可能的设计中，所述方法还包括：第一用户面功能接收来自第一会话管理功能的第一配置信息，第一配置信息用于指示数据特征与第一接口之间的对应关系。
在一种可能的设计中，第一配置信息包括数据特征、以及与数据特征对应的第一接口的标识信息。
在一种可能的设计中，数据中包含有用户隧道标识，用户隧道标识用于指示数据是第一终端向第二终端发送的数据。
本设计中，通过在第一终端发送给第二终端的数据中添加用户隧道标识，可以使得第一UPF能够根据接收到的数据中的用户隧道标识，确定是端到端转发业务，进而和5G LAN业务进行区分，5G LAN业务的报文是基于报文中的目的地址进行转发，而本申请实施例中端到端业务是基于流进行转发，UPF不感知报文中的目的地址。
第二方面，本申请实施例提供一种通信装置。该装置具有实现上述第一方面所述方法的功能。功能可以通过硬件实现，也可以通过硬件执行相应的软件实现。硬件或软件包括一个或多个与上述第一方面所述方法的功能相对应的单元或模块，例如，接收单元、发送单元等。
其中，接收单元，用于接收来自第一终端的数据，所述数据是向第二终端发送的数据；发送单元，用于通过第一服务质量流向第二用户面功能发送所述数据，第二用户面功能是第二终端对应的用户面功能。
在一种可能的设计中，所述数据中包含有链路检测指示，发送单元还用于根据链路检测指示，在数据中插入第一终端至第一用户面功能的传输路径的链路质量信息，或者，插入第一终端的接入网设备至第一用户面功能的传输路径的链路质量信息。
在一种可能的设计中，发送单元，还用于向第一终端发送第一链路检测请求；接收 单元，还用于接收来自第一终端的第一用户面功能至第一终端的传输路径的链路质量信息。
在一种可能的设计中，接收单元，还用于接收来自第二用户面功能的第二链路检测请求；发送单元，还用于向第二用户面功能发送第一用户面功能至第一终端的传输路径的链路质量信息、以及第二用户面功能至第一用户面功能的传输路径的链路质量信息。
在一种可能的设计中，发送单元，还用于向第二用户面功能发送第三链路检测请求；接收单元，还用于接收来自第二用户面功能的第一用户面功能至第二用户面功能的传输路径的链路质量信息、以及第二用户面功能至第二终端的传输路径的链路质量信息；发送单元，还用于向第一终端发送第一终端至第一用户面功能的传输路径的链路质量信息、第一用户面功能至所述第二用户面功能的传输路径的链路质量信息、以及第二用户面功能至第二终端的传输路径的链路质量信息。
在一种可能的设计中，第一用户面功能至第二用户面功能的传输路径的链路质量信息包括：第二用户面功能接收第三链路检测请求的时间戳、以及第二用户面功能发送链路质量信息的时间戳。所述装置还包括：处理单元，用于根据第一用户面功能至第二用户面功能的传输路径的链路质量信息，确定第一用户面功能至第二用户面功能的传输路径的链路质量。
在一种可能的设计中，接收单元，具体用于通过第二服务质量流接收来自第一终端的数据；所述装置还包括：处理单元，用于根据第二服务质量流与第一服务质量流之间的对应关系，确定与第二服务质量流对应的第一服务质量流。
在一种可能的设计中，接收单元，还用于接收来自第一会话管理功能的第一配置信息，第一配置信息用于指示第二服务质量流与第一服务质量流之间的对应关系。
在一种可能的设计中，第一配置信息包括第二服务质量流的标识信息、以及与第二服务质量流对应的第一服务质量流的标识信息。
在一种可能的设计中，第一配置信息还包括第一接口的标识信息，第一配置信息用于指示所述发送单元在第一接口中，通过第一服务质量流向第二用户面功能发送数据。
在一种可能的设计中，第二服务质量流和第一服务质量流的标识信息相同。
在另一种可能的设计中，接收单元，具体用于通过第二服务质量流接收来自第一终端的数据；所述装置还包括：处理单元，用于根据第二服务质量流与第一接口之间的对应关系，确定与第二服务质量流对应的第一接口，并确定与第一接口对应的第一服务质量流。
在一种可能的设计中，接收单元，还用于接收来自第一会话管理功能的第一配置信息，第一配置信息用于指示第二服务质量流与第一接口之间的对应关系。
在一种可能的设计中，第一配置信息包括第二服务质量流的标识信息、以及与第二服务质量流对应的第一接口的标识信息。
在又一种可能的设计中，所述装置还包括：处理单元，用于根据数据特征与第一服务质量流之间的对应关系，确定与所述数据的数据特征对应的第一服务质量流。
在一种可能的设计中，接收单元，还用于接收来自第一会话管理功能的第一配置信息，所述第一配置信息用于指示数据特征与第一服务质量流之间的对应关系。
在一种可能的设计中，第一配置信息包括数据特征、以及与数据特征对应的第一服务质量流的标识信息。
在一种可能的设计中，第一配置信息还包括第一接口的标识信息，所述第一配置信 息用于指示所述发送单元在第一接口中，通过第一服务质量流向第二用户面功能发送所述数据。
在又一种可能的设计中，所述装置还包括：处理单元，用于根据数据特征与第一接口之间的对应关系，确定与所述数据的数据特征对应的第一接口，并确定与第一接口对应的第一服务质量流。
在一种可能的设计中，接收单元，还用于接收来自第一会话管理功能的第一配置信息，第一配置信息用于指示数据特征与第一接口之间的对应关系。
在一种可能的设计中，第一配置信息包括数据特征、以及与数据特征对应的第一接口的标识信息。
在一种可能的设计中，所述数据中包含有用户隧道标识，用户隧道标识用于指示数据是所述第一终端向第二终端发送的数据。
第三方面，本申请实施例还提供一种通信装置，包括：处理器，用于执行存储器中存储的计算机指令，当所述计算机指令被执行时，使得所述装置执行第一方面或第一方面任一可能的设计中所述的方法。
第四方面，本申请实施例还提供一种通信装置，包括：处理器和接口电路，处理器用于通过接口电路与其它装置通信，并执行第一方面或第一方面任一可能的设计中所述的方法。
以上第二方面至第四方面所述的通信装置，可以应用于第一用户面功能。
第五方面，本申请实施例还提供一种计算机可读存储介质，包括：计算机软件指令；当所述计算机软件指令在电子设备，如：核心网设备，或内置在核心网设备的芯片中运行时，使得核心网设备执行第一方面或第一方面任一可能的设计中所述的方法。
可以理解地，上述提供的第二方面至第五方面所能达到的有益效果，可参考第一方面及其任一种可能的设计方式中的有益效果，此处不再赘述。
第六方面，本申请实施例提供一种数据传输方法，该方法包括：第二用户面功能通过第一服务质量流接收来自第一用户面功能的数据，第一用户面功能是第一终端对应的用户面功能，所述数据是向第二终端发送的数据；第二用户面功能向第二终端发送所述数据。
该方法中，第一用户面功能和第二用户面功能之间是通过第一服务质量流进行数据传输，而第一终端和第一用户面功能之间、以及第二终端和第二用户面功能之间也能够基于服务质量流进行数据传输，所以，从第一终端至第二终端的整个传输路径中，都能够为第一终端发送给第二终端的数据提供可靠的服务质量保障。
在一种可能的设计中，所述数据中包含有链路检测指示，所述方法还包括：第二用户面功能根据链路检测指示，在所述数据中插入第一用户面功能至第二用户面功能的传输路径的链路质量信息。
在一种可能的设计中，所述方法还包括：第二用户面功能向第一用户面功能发送第二链路检测请求；第二用户面功能接收来自第一用户面功能的第一用户面功能至第一终端的传输路径的链路质量信息、以及第二用户面功能至第一用户面功能的传输路径的链路质量信息；第二用户面功能向第二终端发送第一用户面功能至第一终端的传输路径的链路质量信息、第二用户面功能至第一用户面功能的传输路径的链路质量信息、以及第二终端至第二用户面功能的传输路径的链路质量信息。
在一种可能的设计中，所述方法还包括：第二用户面功能接收来自第一用户面功能 的第三链路检测请求；第二用户面功能向第一用户面功能发送第一用户面功能至第二用户面功能的传输路径的链路质量信息、以及第二用户面功能至第二终端的传输路径的链路质量信息。
在一种可能的设计中，所述方法还包括：第二用户面功能向第二终端发送第四链路检测请求；第二用户面功能接收来自第二终端的第二用户面功能至第二终端的传输路径的链路质量信息。
在一种可能的设计中，所述方法还包括：第二用户面功能向第一用户面功能发送链路检测请求；第二用户面功能接收来自第一用户面功能的链路质量信息，链路质量信息包括：第一用户面功能接收链路检测请求的时间戳、以及第一用户面功能发送链路质量信息的时间戳；第二用户面功能根据链路质量信息，确定第二用户面功能至第一用户面功能的传输路径的链路质量。
在一种可能的设计中，所述第二用户面功能向第二终端发送所述数据，包括：第二用户面功能通过第三服务质量流向第二终端发送所述数据。所述方法还包括：第二用户面功能根据第一服务质量流与第三服务质量流之间的对应关系，确定与第一服务质量流对应的第三服务质量流。
其中，第一服务质量流与第三服务质量流之间的对应关系，是根据第一服务质量流能够满足的QoS需求、以及第三服务质量流能够满足的QoS需求所确定的。
在一种可能的设计中，所述方法还包括：第二用户面功能接收来自第二会话管理功能的第二配置信息，第二配置信息用于指示第一服务质量流与第三服务质量流之间的对应关系。
本设计中，第一服务质量流与第三服务质量流之间的对应关系可以由第二用户面功能对应的会话管理功能配置给第二用户面功能。
在一种可能的设计中，第二配置信息包括第一服务质量流的标识信息、以及与第一服务质量流对应的第三服务质量流的标识信息。
在一种可能的设计中，第一服务质量流和第三服务质量流的标识信息相同。
在另一种可能的设计中，第二用户面功能通过第一服务质量流接收来自第一用户面功能的数据，包括：第二用户面功能在第一接口中，通过第一服务质量流接收来自第一用户面功能的数据；所述第二用户面功能向第二终端发送所述数据，包括：第二用户面功能通过第三服务质量流向第二终端发送所述数据。所述方法还包括：第二用户面功能根据第一接口与第三服务质量流之间的对应关系，确定与第一接口对应的第三服务质量流。
其中，第一接口与第三服务质量流之间的对应关系，是根据第一接口能够满足的QoS需求、以及第三服务质量流能够满足的QoS需求所确定的。
在一种可能的设计中，所述方法还包括：第二用户面功能接收来自第二会话管理功能的第二配置信息，第二配置信息用于指示第一接口与第三服务质量流之间的对应关系。
在一种可能的设计中，第二配置信息包括第一接口的标识信息、以及与第一接口对应的第三服务质量流的标识信息。
在一种可能的设计中，数据中包含有用户隧道标识，用户隧道标识用于指示数据是第一终端向第二终端发送的数据。
第六方面中，部分设计方式的有益效果与第一方面中相同或相似之处，未在赘述。
第七方面，本申请实施例提供一种通信装置。该装置具有实现上述第六方面所述方 法的功能。功能可以通过硬件实现，也可以通过硬件执行相应的软件实现。硬件或软件包括一个或多个与上述第六方面所述方法的功能相对应的单元或模块，例如，接收单元、发送单元等。
其中，接收单元，用于通过第一服务质量流接收来自第一用户面功能的数据，第一用户面功能是第一终端对应的用户面功能，所述数据是向第二终端发送的数据；发送单元，用于向第二终端发送所述数据。
在一种可能的设计中，所述数据中包含有链路检测指示，发送单元还用于根据链路检测指示，在所述数据中插入第一用户面功能至第二用户面功能的传输路径的链路质量信息。
在一种可能的设计中，发送单元，还用于向第一用户面功能发送第二链路检测请求；接收单元，还用于接收来自第一用户面功能的第一用户面功能至第一终端的传输路径的链路质量信息、以及第二用户面功能至第一用户面功能的传输路径的链路质量信息；发送单元，还用于向第二终端发送第一用户面功能至第一终端的传输路径的链路质量信息、第二用户面功能至第一用户面功能的传输路径的链路质量信息、以及第二终端至第二用户面功能的传输路径的链路质量信息。
在一种可能的设计中，接收单元，还用于接收来自第一用户面功能的第三链路检测请求；发送单元，还用于向第一用户面功能发送第一用户面功能至第二用户面功能的传输路径的链路质量信息、以及第二用户面功能至第二终端的传输路径的链路质量信息。
在一种可能的设计中，发送单元，还用于向第二终端发送第四链路检测请求；接收单元，还用于接收来自第二终端的第二用户面功能至第二终端的传输路径的链路质量信息。
在一种可能的设计中，发送单元，还用于向第一用户面功能发送链路检测请求；接收单元，还用于接收来自第一用户面功能的链路质量信息，链路质量信息包括：第一用户面功能接收链路检测请求的时间戳、以及第一用户面功能发送链路质量信息的时间戳；所述装置还包括：处理单元，用于根据链路质量信息，确定第二用户面功能至第一用户面功能的传输路径的链路质量。
在一种可能的设计中，发送单元，具体用于通过第三服务质量流向第二终端发送所述数据；所述装置还包括：处理单元，用于根据第一服务质量流与第三服务质量流之间的对应关系，确定与第一服务质量流对应的第三服务质量流。
在一种可能的设计中，接收单元，还用于接收来自第二会话管理功能的第二配置信息，第二配置信息用于指示第一服务质量流与第三服务质量流之间的对应关系。
在一种可能的设计中，第二配置信息包括第一服务质量流的标识信息、以及与第一服务质量流对应的第三服务质量流的标识信息。
在一种可能的设计中，第一服务质量流和第三服务质量流的标识信息相同。
在另一种可能的设计中，接收单元，具体用于在第一接口中，通过第一服务质量流接收来自第一用户面功能的数据；发送单元，具体用于通过第三服务质量流向第二终端发送所述数据；所述装置还包括：处理单元，用于根据第一接口与第三服务质量流之间的对应关系，确定与第一接口对应的第三服务质量流。
在一种可能的设计中，接收单元，还用于接收来自第二会话管理功能的第二配置信息，第二配置信息用于指示第一接口与第三服务质量流之间的对应关系。
在一种可能的设计中，第二配置信息包括第一接口的标识信息、以及与第一接口对 应的第三服务质量流的标识信息。
在一种可能的设计中，所述数据中包含有用户隧道标识，用户隧道标识用于指示所述数据是第一终端向第二终端发送的数据。
第八方面，本申请实施例还提供一种通信装置，包括：处理器，用于执行存储器中存储的计算机指令，当所述计算机指令被执行时，使得所述装置执行第六方面或第六方面任一可能的设计中所述的方法。
第九方面，本申请实施例还提供一种通信装置，包括：处理器和接口电路，处理器用于通过接口电路与其它装置通信，并执行第六方面或第六方面任一可能的设计中所述的方法。
以上第七方面至第九方面所述的通信装置，可以应用于第二用户面功能。
第十方面，本申请实施例还提供一种计算机可读存储介质，包括：计算机软件指令；当所述计算机软件指令在电子设备，如：核心网设备，或内置在核心网设备的芯片中运行时，使得核心网设备执行第六方面或第六方面任一可能的设计中所述的方法。
可以理解地，上述提供的第七方面至第十方面所能达到的有益效果，可参考第六方面及其任一种可能的设计方式中的有益效果，此处不再赘述。
第十一方面，本申请实施例提供一种链路质量检测方法，该方法包括：第一终端向第二终端发送链路检测指示、以及第二终端至第一终端的传输路径的链路质量信息；第一终端接收来自第二终端的第一终端至第二终端的传输路径的链路质量信息。
该方法中，第一终端可以向第二终端发送链路检测指示，以指示第二终端向第一终端返回第一终端至第二终端的传输路径的链路质量信息。
例如，第一终端可以单独通过一个检测报文向第二终端发送链路检测指示，如：可以在检测报文中携带链路检测指示。
另外，第一终端也可以向第二终端发送第二终端至第一终端的传输路径的链路质量信息。例如，第二终端可以向第一终端发送一个链路检测指示，第一终端接收到该链路检测指示后，可以向第二终端发送第二终端至第一终端的传输路径的链路质量信息。
在一种可能的设计中，第一终端至第二终端的传输路径的链路质量信息，包括：第一终端至第一用户面功能的传输路径的链路质量信息、第一用户面功能至第二用户面功能的传输路径的链路质量信息、以及第二用户面功能至第二终端的传输路径的链路质量信息。
在一种可能的设计中，第一终端至第一用户面功能的传输路径的链路质量信息，包括：第一终端至第一终端的接入网设备的传输路径的链路质量信息、以及第一终端的接入网设备至第一用户面功能的传输路径的链路质量信息。
本设计中，第一终端通过第一终端的接入网设备接入核心网。
在一种可能的设计中，第二用户面功能至第二终端的传输路径的链路质量信息，包括：第二用户面功能至第二终端的接入网设备的传输路径的链路质量信息、以及第二终端的接入网设备至第二终端的传输路径的链路质量信息。
本设计中，第二终端通过第二终端的接入网设备接入核心网。
在一种可能的设计中，链路检测指示具体用于指示检测第一终端至第二终端的传输路径中承载链路检测指示的服务质量流的链路质量信息。
在另一种可能的设计中，链路检测指示中包含有一个或多个服务质量流的标识信息。
其中，一个或多个服务质量流的标识信息，包括：第一终端和第一用户面功能之间 的服务质量流的标识信息，第一用户面功能和第二用户面功能之间的服务质量流的标识信息、以及第二用户面功能和第二终端之间的服务质量流的标识信息。
在一种可能的设计中，所述方法还包括：第一终端根据第一终端至第二终端的传输路径的链路质量信息，以及需要向第二终端发送的数据的服务质量需求，确定承载所述数据的服务质量流。
第十二方面，本申请实施例提供一种通信装置。该装置具有实现上述第十一方面所述方法的功能。功能可以通过硬件实现，也可以通过硬件执行相应的软件实现。硬件或软件包括一个或多个与上述第十一方面所述方法的功能相对应的单元或模块，例如，接收单元、发送单元等。
其中，发送单元，用于向第二终端发送链路检测指示、以及第二终端至第一终端的传输路径的链路质量信息；接收单元，用于接收来自第二终端的第一终端至第二终端的传输路径的链路质量信息。
在一种可能的设计中，第一终端至第二终端的传输路径的链路质量信息，包括：第一终端至第一用户面功能的传输路径的链路质量信息、第一用户面功能至第二用户面功能的传输路径的链路质量信息、以及第二用户面功能至第二终端的传输路径的链路质量信息。
在一种可能的设计中，第一终端至第一用户面功能的传输路径的链路质量信息，包括：第一终端至第一终端的接入网设备的传输路径的链路质量信息、以及第一终端的接入网设备至第一用户面功能的传输路径的链路质量信息。
在一种可能的设计中，第二用户面功能至第二终端的传输路径的链路质量信息，包括：第二用户面功能至第二终端的接入网设备的传输路径的链路质量信息、以及第二终端的接入网设备至第二终端的传输路径的链路质量信息。
在一种可能的设计中，链路检测指示具体用于指示检测第一终端至第二终端的传输路径中承载链路检测指示的服务质量流的链路质量信息。
在另一种可能的设计中，链路检测指示中包含有一个或多个服务质量流的标识信息。
其中，一个或多个服务质量流的标识信息，包括：第一终端和第一用户面功能之间的服务质量流的标识信息，第一用户面功能和第二用户面功能之间的服务质量流的标识信息、以及第二用户面功能和第二终端之间的服务质量流的标识信息。
在一种可能的设计中，所述装置还包括：处理单元，用于根据第一终端至第二终端的传输路径的链路质量信息，以及需要向第二终端发送的数据的服务质量需求，确定承载所述数据的服务质量流。
第十三方面，本申请实施例还提供一种通信装置，包括：处理器，用于执行存储器中存储的计算机指令，当所述计算机指令被执行时，使得所述装置执行第十一方面或第十一方面任一可能的设计中所述的方法。
第十四方面，本申请实施例还提供一种通信装置，包括：处理器和接口电路，处理器用于通过接口电路与其它装置通信，并执行第十一方面或第十一方面任一可能的设计中所述的方法。
以上第十二方面至第十四方面所述的通信装置，可以应用于第一终端。
第十五方面，本申请实施例还提供一种计算机可读存储介质，包括：计算机软件指令；当所述计算机软件指令在电子设备，如：第一终端，或内置在第一终端的芯片中运行时，使得第一终端执行第十一方面或第十一方面任一可能的设计中所述的方法。
可以理解地，上述提供的第十二方面至第十五方面所能达到的有益效果，可参考第十一方面及其任一种可能的设计方式中的有益效果，此处不再赘述。
第十六方面，本申请实施例提供一种链路质量检测方法，该方法包括：第一用户面功能向第一终端发送第一链路检测请求；第一用户面功能接收来自第一终端的第一用户面功能至第一终端的传输路径的链路质量信息。
在一种可能的设计中，所述方法还包括：第一用户面功能接收来自第二用户面功能的第二链路检测请求；第一用户面功能向第二用户面功能发送第一用户面功能至第一终端的传输路径的链路质量信息、以及第二用户面功能至第一用户面功能的传输路径的链路质量信息。
本设计中，第二用户面功能可以获得第二用户面功能至第一终端的传输路径的链路质量信息。对第二用户面功能而言，其还可以获得第二终端至第二用户面功能的传输路径的链路质量信息，因此第二用户面功能可以获得第二终端至第一终端的整个传输路径的链路质量信息。后续，第二用户面功能可以将第二终端至第一终端的整个传输路径的链路质量信息发送给第二终端。
在一种可能的设计中，所述方法还包括：第一用户面功能向第二用户面功能发送第三链路检测请求；第一用户面功能接收来自第二用户面功能的第一用户面功能至第二用户面功能的传输路径的链路质量信息、以及第二用户面功能至第二终端的传输路径的链路质量信息；第一用户面功能向第一终端发送第一终端至第一用户面功能的传输路径的链路质量信息、第一用户面功能至第二用户面功能的传输路径的链路质量信息、以及第二用户面功能至第二终端的传输路径的链路质量信息。
本设计中，第一终端可以获得第一终端至第二终端的整个传输路径的链路质量信息。
在上述第十六方面所述中，链路质量检测过程可以是由第一终端和/或第二终端各自对应的用户面功能发起，其效果与第十一方面中所述类似，不再赘述。
第十七方面，本申请实施例提供一种通信装置。该装置具有实现上述第十六方面所述方法的功能。功能可以通过硬件实现，也可以通过硬件执行相应的软件实现。硬件或软件包括一个或多个与上述第十六方面所述方法的功能相对应的单元或模块，例如，接收单元、发送单元等。
其中，发送单元，用于向第一终端发送第一链路检测请求；接收单元，用于接收来自第一终端的第一用户面功能至第一终端的传输路径的链路质量信息。
在一种可能的设计中，接收单元，还用于接收来自第二用户面功能的第二链路检测请求；发送单元，还用于向第二用户面功能发送第一用户面功能至第一终端的传输路径的链路质量信息、以及第二用户面功能至第一用户面功能的传输路径的链路质量信息。
在一种可能的设计中，发送单元，还用于向第二用户面功能发送第三链路检测请求；接收单元，还用于接收来自第二用户面功能的第一用户面功能至第二用户面功能的传输路径的链路质量信息、以及第二用户面功能至第二终端的传输路径的链路质量信息；发送单元，还用于向第一终端发送第一终端至所述第一用户面功能的传输路径的链路质量信息、第一用户面功能至第二用户面功能的传输路径的链路质量信息、以及第二用户面功能至第二终端的传输路径的链路质量信息。
第十八方面，本申请实施例还提供一种通信装置，包括：处理器，用于执行存储器中存储的计算机指令，当所述计算机指令被执行时，使得所述装置执行第十六方面或第十六方面任一可能的设计中所述的方法。
第十九方面，本申请实施例还提供一种通信装置，包括：处理器和接口电路，处理器用于通过接口电路与其它装置通信，并执行第十六方面或第十六方面任一可能的设计中所述的方法。
以上第十七方面至第十九方面所述的通信装置，可以应用于第一用户面功能。
第二十方面，本申请实施例还提供一种计算机可读存储介质，包括：计算机软件指令；当所述计算机软件指令在电子设备，如：核心网设备，或内置在核心网设备的芯片中运行时，使得核心网设备执行第十六方面或第十六方面任一可能的设计中所述的方法。
可以理解地，上述提供的第十七方面至第二十方面所能达到的有益效果，可参考第十六方面及其任一种可能的设计方式中的有益效果，此处不再赘述。
第二十一方面，本申请实施例还提供一种通信装置，包括：收发单元和处理单元。收发单元可以用于收发信息，或者用于与其他网元通信。处理单元可以用于对数据进行处理。如：该装置可以通过收发单元和处理单元实现如第一方面、第六方面、第十一方面、以及第十六方面中的任一方面所述的方法。
第二十二方面，本申请实施例还提供一种计算机程序产品，该计算机程序产品被执行时可以实现如第一方面、第六方面、第十一方面、以及第十六方面中的任一方面所述的方法。
第二十三方面，本申请实施例还提供一种芯片系统，该芯片系统应用于核心网设备。芯片系统包括一个或多个接口电路和一个或多个处理器；接口电路和处理器通过线路互联；处理器通过接口电路从电子设备的存储器接收并执行计算机指令，以实现第一方面、第六方面、以及第十六方面中的任一方面所述的方法。
第二十四方面，本申请实施例还提供一种芯片系统，该芯片系统应用于终端。芯片系统包括一个或多个接口电路和一个或多个处理器；接口电路和处理器通过线路互联；处理器通过接口电路从电子设备的存储器接收并执行计算机指令，以实现如第十一方面所述的方法。
第二十五方面，本申请实施例还提供一种通信系统，该通信系统至少包括第一用户面功能和第二用户面功能，第一用户面功能用于实现如第一方面所述的方法，第二用户面功能用于实现如第六方面所述的方法。
可以理解地，上述提供的第二十一方面至第二十五方面所能达到的有益效果，可参考第一方面、第六方面、第十一方面、以及第十六方面等所述的有益效果，此处不再赘述。
附图说明
图1示出了一种5G网络架构的示意图；
图2示出了两个终端之间业务数据传输的示意图；
图3示出了两个终端之间业务数据传输的另一示意图；
图4示出了本申请实施例的应用场景示意图；
图5示出了本申请实施例提供的一种终端的组成示意图；
图6A示出了本申请实施例提供的数据传输方法的流程示意图；
图6B示出了本申请实施例提供的建立QoS流对应关系的流程示意图；
图7示出了本申请实施例提供的数据传输方法的另一流程示意图；
图8示出了本申请实施例提供的数据传输方法的又一流程示意图；
图9示出了本申请实施例提供的数据传输方法的又一流程示意图；
图10示出了广域网场景中端到端传输的一种系统组成示意图；
图11示出了本申请实施例提供的链路质量检测方法的流程示意图；
图12示出了本申请实施例提供的链路质量检测方法的另一流程示意图；
图13示出了本申请实施例提供的通信装置的结构示意图；
图14示出了本申请实施例提供的通信装置的另一结构示意图；
图15示出了本申请实施例提供的通信装置的又一结构示意图；
图16示出了本申请实施例提供的通信装置的又一结构示意图；
图17示出了本申请实施例提供的通信装置的又一结构示意图。
具体实施方式
为了应对无线宽带技术的挑战，保持第三代合作伙伴计划(3rd generation partnership project，3GPP)网络的领先优势，3GPP标准组制定了下一代移动通信网络架构(next generation system)，也称为第五代移动通信(5th-generation，5G)网络架构。图1示出了一种5G网络架构的示意图。
如图1所示，5G网络架构可以包括：终端、接入网(access network，AN)、核心网和数据网络(data network，DN)。一种实施方式中，终端可以通过接入网设备接入核心网，进而通过核心网访问DN。另一种实施方式中，终端也可以通过固定接入方式接入核心网，访问DN。
终端也可以称之为用户设备(User Equipment，UE)、移动台(mobile station，MS)、移动终端(mobile terminal，MT)等。一些实施例中，终端可以是指向用户提供语音和/或数据连通性的设备，例如，可以是移动电话(“蜂窝”电话)、手机、电脑，无绳电话、会话发起协议(session initiation protocol，SIP)电话、无线本地环路(wireless local loop，WLL)站、个人数字助理(personal digital assistant，PDA)、膝上型计算机、手持式通信设备、手持式计算设备、卫星无线设备、无线调制解调器卡、电视机顶盒(set top box，STB)、用户驻地设备(customer premise equipment，CPE)、可穿戴设备(例如智能手表、智能手环、计步器等)，车载设备(例如，汽车、自行车、电动车、飞机、船舶、火车、高铁等)、虚拟现实(virtual reality，VR)设备、增强现实(augmented reality，AR)设备、工业控制(industrial control)中的无线终端、智能家居设备(例如，冰箱、电视、空调、电表等)、智能机器人、车间设备、无人驾驶(self driving)中的无线终端、远程手术(remote medical surgery)中的无线终端、智能电网(smart grid)中的无线终端、运输安全(transportation safety)中的无线终端、智慧城市(smart city)中的无线终端，或智慧家庭(smart home)中的无线终端、飞行设备(例如，智能机器人、热气球、无人机、飞机)以及用于在无线系统上进行通信的其它设备等，本申请对终端的具体表现形式不作限制。
AN主要包括AN设备。AN设备也可以称之为无线接入网设备(radio access network，RAN)设备或下一代无线接入网设备。终端可以与AN设备进行通信。AN设备可以为终端提供无线资源管理、服务质量管理、数据加密和压缩等功能服务。不同的AN设备之间可以通过Xn接口进行通信。
一些实施例中，AN设备可以是下一代节点(next generation node B，gNB)、演进型节点B(evolved Node B，eNB)、下一代演进型节点(next generation evolved node B， ng-eNB)、传输接收点(transmission reception point，TRP)、无线网络控制器(radio network controller，RNC)、基站控制器(base station controller，BSC)、基站收发台(base transceiver station，BTS)、家庭基站(例如，home evolved NodeB，或home Node B，HNB)、基带单元(base band unit，BBU)，或无线保真(wireless fidelity，Wifi)接入点(access point，AP)、集中单元(central unit，CU)、分布式单元(distributed unit，DU)、集中单元-控制平面(central unit-control plane，CU-CP)、集中单元-用户平面(central unit-user plane，CU-UP)等。
其中，gNB可以为终端310提供新无线(new radio，NR)的控制面和/或用户面的协议和功能，并且接入到5G核心网(5th generation core，5GC)。ng-eNB可以为终端310提供演进的通用陆地无线接入(evolved universal terrestrial radio access，E-UTRA)的控制面和/或用户面的协议和功能，并且接入到5GC。CU主要包括了gNB的RRC层、业务数据适配协议(service data adaptation protocol，SDAP)层和分组数据汇聚协议(packet data convergence protocol，PDCP)层，或者ng-eNB的RRC层和PDCP层。DU主要包括了gNB或者ng-eNB的无线链路控制(radio link control，RLC)层、媒体接入控制(medium access control，MAC)层和物理层。CU-CP主要包括了gNB-CU或者ng-eNB-CU中的RRC层，以及PDCP层中的控制面。CU-UP主要包括了gNB-CU或者ng-eNB-CU中的SDAP层、以及PDCP层中的用户面。
核心网中的网元主要包括用户面网元和控制面网元，用于承载用户面网元和控制面网元的设备称为核心网设备。
用户面网元可以是用户面功能(user plane function，UPF)，主要负责对外连接到DN，用户面的数据包路由转发、报文过滤，执行服务质量(quality of service，QoS)控制相关功能、计费信息统计等。
控制面网元主要负责业务流程交互、向UPF下发数据包转发策略、QoS控制策略等。例如，控制面网元可以包括：接入及移动性管理功能(access and mobility management function，AMF)、会话管理功能(session management function，SMF)、鉴权服务器功能(authentication server function，AUSF)、策略控制功能(policy control function，PCF)、应用功能(application function，AF)、统一数据管理功能(unified data management，UDM)、网络切片选择功能(network slice selection function，NSSF)等多个功能单元。
其中，AMF主要负责移动性管理、接入管理等服务。SMF主要负责会话管理、UE地址管理和分配、动态主机配置协议功能、用户面功能的选择和控制等。AUSF主要负责对终端设备的认证功能等。PCF主要负责为网络行为管理提供统一的策略框架、提供控制面功能的策略规则、获取与策略决策相关的注册信息等。AF用于向3GPP核心网提供业务需求，例如路由规则，处理策略等。
需要说明的是，上述核心网网元可以独立工作，也可以组合在一起实现某些控制功能，如对终端的接入鉴权、安全加密、位置注册等接入控制和移动性管理功能，以及用户面传输路径的建立、释放和更改等会话管理功能。
DN主要用于为终端设备提供多种数据业务服务。
上述图1所示的5G网络架构中的各网元之间可以通过下一代网络(next generation，NG)接口进行通信。例如，请继续参考图1所示，终端和核心网的控制面之间的通信接口可以是NG接口1，简称N1接口，用于传递附网存储(network attached storage，NAS)信令。AN和核心网控制面(如：AMF)之间的通信接口可以是N2接口。AN和UPF之 间的通信接口可以是N3接口，用于传输用户数据。SMF和UPF之间的通信接口可以是N4接口，用于SMF对UPF进行策略配置。UPF可以通过N6接口与DN交互用户面数据。
需要说明的，上述仅为对5G网络架构示例性说明，并不用于对5G网络架构的限定。例如，图1所示的5G网络架构还包括网络存储功能(network repository function，NRF)、网络开放功能(network exposure function，NEF)等，在此不作限制。
另外，可以理解的，上述图1所示的5G网络架构是基于服务化接口场景下的5G网络架构，也即，一些核心网中的控制面网元在通过总线互连时，采用了服务化接口。例如，AUSF通过Nausf接口连接到总线上，AMF通过Namf接口连接到总线上，SMF通过Nsmf接口连接到总线上，AF通过Naf接口连接到总线上，UDM采用Nudm接口连接到总线上，PCF网元通过Npcf接口连接到总线上，NRF通过Nnrf接口连接到总线上，NEF通过Nnef接口连接到总线上，NSSF通过Nnssf接口连接到总线上等。
但还需要说明的是，其他实施例中，5G网络架构也可以是基于参考点的网络架构，在此同样不作限制。
对于任意两个以上述5G网络架构接入5G网络的终端而言，5G网络可以为两个终端之间提供端到端的业务数据传输。例如，终端1可以通过5G网络将业务数据发送给终端2。
利用5G网络实现端到端业务数据传输的一种可能的场景为两个终端共用同一个UPF，两个终端之间的业务数据通过该共用的UPF进行转发。例如，图2示出了两个终端之间业务数据传输的示意图。
如图2所示，以终端1向终端2发送业务数据为例，终端1和终端2共用同一个UPF时，终端1可以将业务数据先发送给该UPF，该UPF可以将接收到的业务数据转发给终端2，实现终端1至终端2的业务数据传输。
利用5G网络实现端到端业务数据传输的另一种可能的场景为两个终端分别连接不同的UPF，两个终端之间的业务数据通过与两个终端分别连接的UPF进行转发。例如，图3示出了两个终端之间业务数据传输的另一示意图。
如图3所示，同样以终端1向终端2发送业务数据为例，终端1连接UPF1，终端2连接UPF2时，终端1可以将业务数据先发送给UPF1，UPF1可以将接收到的业务数据转发给UPF2，UPF2可以再将接收到的业务数据转发给终端2，实现终端1至终端2的业务数据传输。
其中，不同UPF之间的通信接口(如：UPF1和UPF2之间的通信接口)可以是N9接口，用于传输用户数据。
另外，可以理解的，上述利用5G网络实现端到端业务数据传输的两种场景中，当终端是以固定接入的方式接入核心网时，终端与UPF之间可以直接进行业务数据的传输。当终端是通过接入网设备(如：基站)接入核心网时，终端与UPF之间的业务数据传输可以是通过接入网设备的转发而实现。
目前，针对上述利用5G网络实现端到端业务数据传输的场景，为了保证业务端到端的服务质量，提出了基于QoS流(flow)的5G QoS模型。5G QoS模型包括保证比特率的QoS流(guaranteed bit rate QoS flow，GBR QoS flow)和不保证比特率的QoS流(Non-GBR QoS flow)。其中，同一个QoS流包括的数据包的传输处理(如调度、准入门限等)相同。终端可以与5G系统建立一个或者多个分组数据单元(packet data unit， PDU)会话，每个PDU会话中可以建立一个或者多个QoS流。每个QoS流有一个QoS流标识(QoS flow identifier，QFI)，QFI在能够在PDU会话中唯一标识一个QoS流。
可以看到，对于上述两个终端共用同一个UPF的场景而言，5G网络中终端与UPF之间基于QoS流进行数据传输，能够为两个终端之间的业务数据传输提供端到端的QoS保障。但是，对于上述两个终端分别连接不同的UPF的场景而言，5G网络仅仅能够为每个终端与该终端对应的UPF之间的业务数据传输提供QoS保障，并不能够提供两个终端之间整体端到端的QoS保障。
基于此，本申请实施例提供了一种数据传输方法，可以应用于上述两个终端分别连接不同的UPF时，利用5G网络实现两个终端之间端到端业务数据传输的场景。该方法包括：第一UPF接收来自第一终端的数据，该数据是第一终端向第二终端发送的数据；第一UPF通过第一QoS流，向第二UPF发送数据，第二UPF是第二终端对应的UPF。第二向第二终端发送数据。
该方法中，第一UPF和第二UPF之间是通过第一QoS流进行数据传输，而第一终端和第一UPF之间、以及第二终端和第二UPF之间也能够基于QoS流进行数据传输，所以，从第一终端至第二终端的整个传输路径中，都能够为第一终端发送给第二终端的数据提供可靠的QoS保障。类似地，该方法也能够为第二终端发送给第一终端的数据提供可靠的QoS保障。因此，该方法能够为第一终端和第二终端提供两个终端之间整体端到端的QoS保障。
以下结合附图对本申请实施例提供的数据传输方法进行示例性说明。
需要说明的是，在本申请的描述中，“第一”、“第二”等字样仅仅是为了区分描述，并不用于对某个特征的特别限定。本申请实施例的描述中，“和/或”，描述关联对象的关联关系，表示可以存在三种关系，例如，A和/或B，可以表示：单独存在A，同时存在A和B，单独存在B这三种情况。字符“/”一般表示前后关联对象是一种“或”的关系。本申请中所涉及的至少一个是指一个或多个；多个，是指两个或两个以上。
图4示出了本申请实施例的应用场景示意图。如图4所示，本申请实施例的应用场景至少包括：第一终端、第一UPF、第二终端、以及第二UPF。
其中，第一UPF为服务于第一终端的用户面网元，第二UPF为服务于第二终端的用户面网元。例如，第一UPF可以是第一终端的锚点UPF，也可以是中间UPF，或者分流节点等。
可选地，第一UPF和第二UPF可以有各自对应的控制面网元SMF，例如，第一UPF对应的控制面网元为第一SMF(图中未示出)，第二UPF对应的控制面网元为第二SMF(图中未示出)，第一SMF服务于第一终端的会话，第二SMF服务于第二终端的会话。
或者，第一UPF和第二UPF也对应同一个控制面网元SMF，该SMF可以分别服务于第一终端和第二终端的会话，本申请对此不作限制。
对于图4所示的场景中的各网元(如：第一终端、第一UPF、第二终端、第二UPF、以及SMF等)之间的具体连接关系、通信接口等，可以参考前述图1所示的5G网络架构，在此不再赘述。
可以理解的，前述图4所示的应用场景，仅仅是为了更加清楚的说明本申请实施例的技术方案，并不构成对于本申请实施例提供的技术方案的限定。例如，该应用场景中还可以包括其他设备或网元，如：网络控制设备、或前述图1所示的5G网络架构中的其他网元等。
另外，本领域普通技术人员可知，随着网络架构的演变和新业务场景的出现，本申请实施例提供的技术方案对于类似的技术问题，同样适用。
图5示出了本申请实施例提供的一种终端的组成示意图。该终端可以是前述图4所示的应用场景中的第一终端或第二终端。如图5所示，该终端可以包括：至少一个处理器51，存储器52、通信接口53、总线54。
下面结合图5对终端的各个构成部件进行具体的介绍。
处理器51是终端的控制中心，可以是一个处理器，也可以是多个处理元件的统称。例如，处理器51可以是一个中央处理器(central processing unit，CPU)，也可以是特定集成电路(application specific integrated circuit，ASIC)，或者还可以是被配置成实施本申请实施例的一个或多个集成电路，例如：一个或多个微处理器(digital signal processor，DSP)，或，一个或者多个现场可编程门阵列(field programmable gate array，FPGA)等。
其中，处理器51可以通过运行或执行存储在存储器52内的软件程序，以及调用存储在存储器52内的数据，执行终端的各种功能。
在具体的实现中，作为一种实施例，处理器51可以包括一个或多个CPU，例如图5中所示的CPU0和CPU1。
在具体的实现中，作为一种实施例，网络设备可以包括多个处理器，例如图5中所示的处理器51和处理器55。这些处理器中的每一个可以是一个单核处理器(single-CPU)，也可以是一个多核处理器(multi-CPU)。这里的处理器可以指一个或多个设备、电路、和/或用于处理数据(例如计算机程序指令)的处理核。
存储器52用于存储执行本申请方案终端执行的方法步骤的软件程序，并由处理器51来控制执行。存储器52可以是只读存储器(read-only memory，ROM)或可存储静态信息和指令的其他类型的静态存储设备，随机存取存储器(random access memory，RAM)或者可存储信息和指令的其他类型的动态存储设备，也可以是电可擦可编程只读存储器(electrically erasable programmable read-only memory，EEPROM)、只读光盘(compact disc read-only memory，CD-ROM)或其他光盘存储、光碟存储(包括压缩光碟、激光碟、光碟、数字通用光碟、蓝光光碟等)、磁盘存储介质或者其他磁存储设备、或者能够用于携带或存储具有指令或数据结构形式的期望的程序代码并能够由计算机存取的任何其他介质，但不限于此。
存储器52可以是独立存在，通过总线54与处理器51相连接。或者，存储器52也可以和处理器51集成在一起，在此不作限制。
通信接口53，使用任何收发器一类的装置，用于与其他设备或通信网络通信。通信接口53可以是以太网接口，无线接入网(radio access network，RAN)接口，无线局域网(wireless local area networks，WLAN)接口等。通信接口53可以包括接收单元实现接收功能，以及发送单元实现发送功能。
总线54，可以是工业标准体系结构(industry standard architecture，ISA)总线、外部设备互连(peripheral component interconnect，PCI)总线或扩展工业标准体系结构(extended industry standard architecture，EISA)总线等。该总线可以分为地址总线、数据总线、控制总线等。为便于表示，图5中仅用一条粗线表示，但并不表示仅有一根总线或一种类型的总线。
虽然附图5中使用了总线54，但是可以理解的，总线54也可以被替换为其他形式的连接关系，而不局限于总线本身。
可选地，上述图4所示的应用场景中，用于承载第一UPF和/或第二UPF的核心网设备的结构也可以包括与图5所示的终端类似的一些结构，如处理器、存储器、通信接口、总线等，用以实现对应第一UPF或第二UPF的各种功能，在此不再赘述。
图6A示出了本申请实施例提供的数据传输方法的流程示意图。如图6A所示，该数据传输方法可以包括S6A01-S6A05，S6A01-S6A05中传输的数据是第一终端向第二终端发送的业务数据。
S6A01、第一终端通过第二QoS流向第一UPF发送数据。
相应地，第一UPF通过该第二QoS流接收来自第一终端的数据。
第一终端预先会通过对应的SMF(如：第一SMF)建立PDU会话，同时，在PDU会话创建过程中，会创建一个或多个QoS流，以下称为第二QoS流。也即，第一终端的PDU会话中会包含一个或多个第二QoS流。
当第一终端需要向第一UPF发送数据时，可以根据需要发送的数据的QoS需求，从PDU会话中包含的第二QoS流中，选择符合QoS需求的第二QoS流。然后，第一终端可以通过该符合QoS需求的第二QoS流向第一UPF发送数据。
例如，QoS需求可以包括5QI信息。5QI是一个标量，用于索引到对应的5G QoS特征值，5QI分为标准化的5QI、预配置的5QI和动态分配的5QI。
S6A02、第一UPF根据第二QoS流与第一QoS流之间的对应关系，确定与第二QoS流对应的第一QoS流。
其中，第二QoS流与第一QoS流之间的对应关系，是根据第二QoS流能够满足的QoS需求、以及第一QoS流能够满足的QoS需求所确定的。
一些实施例中，第二QoS流与第一QoS流之间的对应关系可以由第一UPF对应的SMF配置给第一UPF。例如，第一UPF可以接收来自第一SMF的第一配置信息，第一配置信息用于指示第二QoS流与第一QoS流之间的对应关系。
可选地，第一配置信息包括第二QoS流的标识信息、以及与第二QoS流对应的第一QoS流的标识信息。第二QoS流和第一QoS流的标识信息可以是上述提到的QFI。
一些实施方式中，第二QoS流和第一QoS流的标识信息可以相同。或者，其他实施方式中，第二QoS流和第一QoS流的标识信息也可以不同，本申请在此不作限制。
可选地，第一配置信息还可以包括第一接口的标识信息，第一接口的标识信息用于指示第一UPF在第一接口中，通过第一QoS流，向第二UPF发送数据。
第一接口可以是N9接口或第一UPF和第二UPF之间的隧道，如：通用分组无线服务隧道协议(general packet radio service tunneling protocol-U，GTP-U)隧道。
应当理解，上述第一配置信息是指第一SMF向第一UPF配置的转发规则。转发规则包括：报文检测规则(packet detection rule，PDR)和转发操作规则(forwarding action rule，FAR)。其中，PDR用于匹配报文，FAR用于指示对报文的处理。因此，对于上述第一配置信息，第一SMF配置给第一UPF的PDR中包含第二QoS流的标识信息，FAR中包含与第二QoS流对应的第一QoS流的标识信息、以及第一接口的标识信息。
S6A03、第一UPF通过第一QoS流，向第二UPF发送数据。
相应地，第二UPF通过该第一QoS流接收来自第一UPF的数据。
S6A04、第二UPF根据第一QoS流与第三QoS流之间的对应关系，确定与第一QoS流对应的第三QoS流。
其中，第一QoS流与第三QoS流之间的对应关系，是根据第一QoS流能够满足的 QoS需求、以及第三QoS流能够满足的QoS需求所确定的。
一些实施例中，第一QoS流与第三QoS流之间的对应关系可以由第二UPF对应的SMF配置给第二UPF。例如，第二UPF可以接收来自第二SMF的第二配置信息，第二配置信息用于指示第一QoS流与第三QoS流之间的对应关系。
可以理解的，若第一UPF和第二UPF对应同一个SMF时，是由该SMF给第一UPF配置第一配置信息，给第二UPF配置第二配置信息。
可选地，第二配置信息包括第一QoS流的标识信息、以及与第一QoS流对应的第三QoS流的标识信息。第三QoS流的标识信息也可以是上述提到的QFI。
一些实施方式中，第一QoS流和第三QoS流的标识信息可以相同。或者，其他实施方式中，第一QoS流和第三QoS流的标识信息也可以不同，本申请在此不作限制。
同样应当理解，上述第二配置信息是指第二SMF向第二UPF配置的转发规则。因此，对于上述第二配置信息，第二SMF配置给第二UPF的PDR中包含第一QoS流的标识信息，FAR中包含与第一QoS流对应的第三QoS流的标识信息。
可以看到，从第一终端至第二终端的整体传输路径来看，第二QoS流与第一QoS流之间有对应关系，第一QoS流与第三QoS流之间有对应关系。
在一种可能的实现方式中，对于某个第二QoS流而言，与该第二QoS流对应的第一QoS流的标识信息与该第二QoS流的标识信息相同，与该第一QoS流对应的第三QoS流的标识信息与该第一QoS流的标识信息相同。也即，依次存在对应关系的第二QoS流、第一QoS流和第三QoS流的标识信息可以都相同。
S6A05、第二UPF通过第三QoS流，向第二终端发送数据。
相应地，第二终端通过该第三QoS流接收来自第二UPF的数据。
下面以第一终端为UE1、第二终端为UE2、第一UPF为UPF1、第二UPF为UPF2为例，结合UE1向UE2发送报文P的过程，对上述图7所示的过程举例说明。
UE1可以先根据报文P的QoS需求，确定出第二QoS流，如：QoS流3，并通过第二QoS流向UPF1发送报文P。UPF1接收到报文P后，可以确定出与第二QoS流对应的第一QoS流，如：也可以为QoS流3，并通过第一QoS流向UPF2发送报文P。UPF2接收到报文P后，可以确定出与第一QoS流对应的第三QoS流，如：也可以为QoS流3，并通过第三QoS流向UE2发送报文P。从而，实现UE1向UE2发送报文P。
由上可知，图6A所示的实施例中，第一终端和第一UPF之间是通过第二QoS流进行数据传输，第一UPF和第二UPF之间是通过第一QoS流进行数据传输，第二UPF和第二终端之间是通过第三QoS流进行数据传输。所以，第一终端至第二终端的整个传输路径中，都能够为第一终端发送给第二终端的数据提供可靠的QoS保障。
下面结合图6B对上述图6A所示的实施例中提到的，第二QoS流与第一QoS流之间的对应关系，以及第一QoS流与第三QoS流之间的对应关系的建立过程进行说明。
图6B示出了本申请实施例提供的建立QoS流对应关系的流程示意图。如图6B所示，以第一UPF和第二UPF有各自对应的控制面网元SMF，第一UPF对应的控制面网元为第一SMF，第二UPF对应的控制面网元为第二SMF为例，在一种可能的设计中，上述第二QoS流与第一QoS流之间的对应关系，以及第一QoS流与第三QoS流之间的对应关系可以通过S6B01-S6B04所示的方式确定。
S6B01、第二SMF获取第一终端的会话所在的第一SMF的信息。
例如，第二SMF确定第二终端和第一终端之间创建链路时，可以获取第一终端的会 话所在的第一SMF的信息。一种实施方式中，第二SMF在创建第二终端的会话的过程中，从签约数据中获得第一终端的标识以及需要创建第一终端到第二终端链路的需求，进而可以确定第二终端和第一终端之间需要创建链路。或者，另一种实施方式中，控制面网元(例如，AF)确定第二终端和第一终端之间需要创建链路时，发送消息到第二SMF，消息中包含第一终端的标识以及创建链路的指示。之后，第二SMF可以从第一终端所在网络的控制面查询获得其会话所在的第一SMF的信息。
S6B02、第二SMF和第二UPF确定第一接口的标识信息，以及第三QoS流对应的第一接口上的第一QoS流的标识信息。
其中，第一接口是指第二UPF上接收来自第一UPF的数据的接口。如：对于GTP-U隧道，第一接口的标识信息包含第二UPF的IP地址及隧道端点标识(tunnel endpoint identifier，TEID))。第三QoS流是指第二终端的会话中的QoS流。例如，可以基于第一终端至第二终端的业务数据传输的QoS需求，确定与第三QoS流对应的第一QoS流的标识信息，从而得到第一QoS流与第三QoS流之间的对应关系。其中，对于某个第一QoS流而言，与该第一QoS流对应的第三QoS流，能够和该第一QoS流、以及后续步骤S6B04确定的与该第一QoS流对应的第二QoS流，一起满足第一终端至第二终端的业务数据传输的QoS需求。
可选地，第二SMF和第二UPF确定第二UPF上接收来自第一UPF的数据的第一接口的标识信息，以及第二终端的会话中的第三QoS流对应的第一接口上的第一QoS流的标识信息，可以是指：由第二SMF确定后发送到第二UPF，也可以都由第二UPF确定后发送到第二SMF，还可以是第二SMF和第二UPF各确定一部分。例如，第二SMF确定第二UPF上接收来自第一UPF的数据的第一接口的标识信息后发送到第二UPF，之后由第二UPF确定第二终端的会话中的第三QoS流对应的第一接口上的第一QoS流的标识信息。或者，第二UPF确定接收来自第一UPF的数据的第一接口的标识信息后发送到第二SMF，之后由第二SMF确定第二终端的会话中的第三QoS流对应的第一接口上的第一QoS流的标识信息。
S6B03、第二SMF向第一SMF发送第一接口的标识信息，以及第三QoS流对应的第一接口上的第一QoS流的标识信息。
第二SMF向第一SMF发送第一接口的标识信息，以及第三QoS流对应的第一接口上的第一QoS流的标识信息，即是指，第二SMF向第一SMF发送第一QoS流与第三QoS流之间的对应关系。例如，第二SMF可以通过Nsmf_PDUSession_Update消息向第一SMF发送前述信息。或者，通过PCF向第一SMF发送前述信息。第二SMF向第一SMF发送的信息中还包括与第三QoS流和第一QoS流对应的QoS需求。
S6B04、第一SMF和第一UPF根据第一接口的标识信息，以及第三QoS流对应的第一接口上的第一QoS流的标识信息，确定与第一QoS流对应的第二QoS流的标识信息。
例如，第一SMF和第一UPF，根据第二UPF上接收来自第一UPF的数据的第一接口的标识信息，以及第二终端的会话中的第三QoS流对应的第一接口上的第一QoS流的标识信息，结合第一QoS流对应的QoS需求，确定第一终端的会话中与第一QoS流对应的第二QoS流的标识信息。此时，第一UPF得到了第二QoS流与第一QoS流之间的对应关系。
对于上述S6B01-S6B04所示的过程，当第一UPF和第二UPF对应同一个控制面网 元SMF时，则不存在S6B03，其余过程类似，不再赘述。
通过上述S6B01-S6B04所示的过程，可以确定出第二QoS流和第一QoS流之间存在对应关系，第一QoS流和第三QoS流之间存在对应关系。也即，第二QoS流、第一QoS流、第三QoS流依次对应。存在对应关系的第二QoS流、第一QoS流、第三QoS流能够满足第一终端至第二终端之间数据流端到端的QoS需求。例如，第二QoS流、第一QoS流、第三QoS流的带宽大于等于数据流的带宽需求，第二QoS流、第一QoS流、第三QoS流的各自的时延之和小于等于数据流的时延要求。
可以看到，上述图6A所示的实施例中，第二QoS流和第一QoS流之间存在对应关系，第一QoS流和第三QoS流之间存在对应关系。而在另外一种可能的设计中，也可以是第二QoS流和第一接口之间存在对应关系，第一接口和第三QoS流之间存在对应关系。
例如，本申请实施例还提供一种数据传输方法，图7示出了本申请实施例提供的数据传输方法的另一流程示意图。如图7所示，该数据传输方法可以包括S701-S705，S701-S705中传输的数据是第一终端向第二终端发送的业务数据。
S701、第一终端通过第二QoS流向第一UPF发送数据。
相应地，第一UPF通过该第二QoS流接收来自第一终端的数据。
S701的具体描述可以参考前述S6A01，不再赘述。
S702、第一UPF根据第二QoS流与第一接口之间的对应关系，确定与第二QoS流对应的第一接口，并确定与第一接口对应的第一QoS流。
其中，第二QoS流与第一接口之间的对应关系，是根据第二QoS流能够满足的QoS需求、以及第一接口能够满足的QoS需求所确定的。与第一接口对应的第一QoS流是指第一接口中的第一QoS流。
一些实施例中，第二QoS流与第一接口之间的对应关系也可以由第一UPF对应的SMF配置给第一UPF。例如，第一UPF可以接收来自第一SMF的第一配置信息，此时，第一配置信息用于指示第二QoS流与第一接口之间的对应关系。
可选地，第一配置信息包括第二QoS流的标识信息、以及与第二QoS流对应的第一接口的标识信息。第二QoS流的标识信息可以是上述提到的QFI，第一接口的标识信息可以是N9接口的接口标识，或者，上述提到的GTP-U隧道的TEID。
S703、第一UPF通过第一QoS流，向第二UPF发送数据。
也即，第一UPF在第一接口中，通过第一QoS流，向第二UPF发送数据。
相应地，第二UPF通过该第一QoS流接收来自第一UPF的数据。
S704、第二UPF根据第一接口与第三QoS流之间的对应关系，确定与第一接口对应的第三QoS流。
其中，第一接口与第三QoS流之间的对应关系，是根据第一接口能够满足的QoS需求、以及第三QoS流能够满足的QoS需求所确定的。
一些实施例中，第一接口与第三QoS流之间的对应关系也可以由第二UPF对应的SMF配置给第二UPF。例如，第二UPF可以接收来自第二SMF的第二配置信息，此时，第二配置信息用于指示第一接口与第三QoS流之间的对应关系。
同样可以理解的，若第一UPF和第二UPF对应同一个SMF时，是由该SMF给第一UPF配置第一配置信息，给第二UPF配置第二配置信息。
可选地，第二配置信息包括第一接口的标识信息、以及与第一接口对应的第三QoS流的标识信息。第三QoS流的标识信息也可以是上述提到的QFI。
可以看到，从第一终端至第二终端的整体传输路径来看，第二QoS流与第一接口之间有对应关系，第一接口与第三QoS流之间有对应关系。
S705、第二UPF通过第三QoS流，向第二终端发送数据。
相应地，第二终端通过该第三QoS流接收来自第二UPF的数据。
下面同样以第一终端为UE1、第二终端为UE2、第一UPF为UPF1、第二UPF为UPF2为例，结合UE1向UE2发送报文P的过程，对上述图7所示的过程举例说明。
UE1可以先根据报文P的QoS需求，确定出第二QoS流，如：QoS流3，并通过第二QoS流向UPF1发送报文P。UPF1接收到报文P后，可以确定出与第二QoS流对应的第一接口，并通过第一接口中的第一QoS流向UPF2发送报文P，如：可以为QoS流4。UPF2接收到报文P后，可以确定出与第一接口对应的第三QoS流，如：可以为QoS流5，并通过第三QoS流向UE2发送报文P。从而，实现UE1向UE2发送报文P。
由上可知，图7所示的实施例中，第一终端和第一UPF之间是通过第二QoS流进行数据传输，第一UPF和第二UPF之间是通过与第二QoS流对应的第一接口中的第一QoS流进行数据传输，第二UPF和第二终端之间是通过与第一接口对应的第三QoS流进行数据传输。所以，第一终端至第二终端的整个传输路径，也能够为第一终端发送给第二终端的数据提供可靠的QoS保障。
另外，需要说明的是，图7所示的实施例中，第一配置信息和第二配置信息的具体配置方法，与图6A所示的实施例中，对PDR和FAR的配置规则相同或相似，未再赘述。对于第二QoS流与第一接口之间的对应关系，以及第一接口与第三QoS流之间的对应关系的建立过程，也与前述图6B中所示的第二QoS流与第一QoS流之间的对应关系，以及第一QoS流与第三QoS流之间的对应关系的建立过程类似，在此同样不再赘述。
可选地，本申请实施例中，第一终端发送给第二终端的数据中还包含有用户隧道标识，用户隧道标识用于指示数据是第一终端向第二终端发送的数据。例如，当第一UPF接收到来自第一终端的数据时，能够根据数据中的用户隧道标识，确定出该数据是第一终端发送给第二终端的数据，从而将该数据发送给第二终端对应的第二UPF。
可选地，用户隧道标识可以是第一终端在数据中添加的能够标识第一终端至第二终端的传输路径的一些字段，如：可以将该字段添加在GTP-U包头中，或者，添加在GTP-U上层，在此不作限制。
通过在第一终端发送给第二终端的数据中添加用户隧道标识，可以使得第一UPF能够根据接收到的数据中的用户隧道标识，确定是端到端转发业务，进而和5G LAN业务进行区分，5G LAN业务的报文是基于报文中的目的地址进行转发，而本申请实施例中端到端业务是基于流进行转发，UPF不感知报文中的目的地址。
可以看到，上述图7所示的实施例中，第二QoS流和第一接口之间存在对应关系，第一接口和第三QoS流之间存在对应关系。不同于上述图6A和图7所示的实施例，在又一种可能的设计中，第一UPF和第二UPF之间也可以不基于对应关系对第一终端发送给第二终端的数据进行转发。
例如，本申请实施例还提供一种数据传输方法，图8示出了本申请实施例提供的数据传输方法的又一流程示意图。如图8所示，该数据传输方法可以包括S801-S804，S801-S804中传输的数据是第一终端向第二终端发送的业务数据。
S801、第一终端向第一UPF发送数据。
相应地，第一UPF接收来自第一终端的数据。
S802、第一UPF根据数据特征与第一QoS流之间的对应关系，确定与数据的数据特征对应的第一QoS流。
以数据为报文为例，数据特征即报文特征，如：可以是报文的五元组，包括：IP地址，源端口，目的IP地址，目的端口和传输层协议。
一些实施例中，数据特征与第一QoS流之间的对应关系也可以由第一UPF对应的SMF配置给第一UPF。例如，第一UPF可以接收来自第一SMF的第一配置信息，此时，第一配置信息用于指示数据特征与第一QoS流之间的对应关系。
可选地，第一配置信息包括数据特征、以及与数据特征对应的第一QoS流的标识信息。第一QoS流的标识信息可以是上述提到的QFI。
可选地，第一配置信息还包括第一接口的标识信息，第一接口的标识信息用于指示第一UPF在该第一接口的标识信息对应的第一接口中，通过第一QoS流，向第二用户面功能发送数据。
当第一配置信息中不包括第一接口的标识信息时，第一UPF可以根据本地策略向第一接口发送，例如不同的第一接口具有不同的链路属性，所确定的第一QoS流会有特定的链路属性需求，所以，可以向符合第一QoS流的链路属性需求的第一接口进行发送。
S803、第一UPF通过第一QoS流，向第二UPF发送数据。
相应地，第二UPF通过该第一QoS流接收来自第一UPF的数据。
S804、第二UPF向第二终端发送数据。
相应地，第二终端接收来自第二UPF的数据。
可选地，上述图8所示的实施例中，第一终端向第一UPF发送数据时，或者，第二UPF向第二终端发送数据时，也可以根据数据特征，确定对应的第二QoS流或第三QoS流，在此不再赘述。
由上可知，图8所示的实施例中，第一UPF和第二UPF之间是通过与数据特征对应的第一QoS流进行数据传输，所以，可以为第一UPF和第二UPF之间的传输路径提供可靠的QoS保障。而第一终端和第一UPF之间、以及第二UPF和第二终端之间的数据传输，也是基于QoS流，所以，第一终端至第二终端的整个传输路径，能够为第一终端发送给第二终端的数据提供可靠的QoS保障。
另外，需要说明的是，图8所示的实施例中，第一配置信息和第二配置信息的具体配置方法，与图6A所示的实施例中，对PDR和FAR的配置规则相同或相似，未再赘述。例如，PDR中配置的是数据特征，FAR中配置的是与数据的数据特征对应的第一QoS流的标识信息。
不同于图8所示的实施例，本申请实施例还提供一种数据传输方法，图9示出了本申请实施例提供的数据传输方法的又一流程示意图。如图9示，该数据传输方法可以包括S901-S904，S901-S904中传输的数据是第一终端向第二终端发送的业务数据。
S901、第一终端向第一UPF发送数据。
相应地，第一UPF接收来自第一终端的数据。
S902、第一UPF根据数据特征与第一接口之间的对应关系，确定与数据的数据特征对应的第一接口，并确定与第一接口对应的第一QoS流。
数据特征的相关描述可参考图8所示的实施例中所述。
一些实施例中，数据特征与第一接口之间的对应关系也可以由第一UPF对应的SMF配置给第一UPF。例如，第一UPF可以接收来自第一SMF的第一配置信息，此时，第 一配置信息用于指示数据特征与第一接口之间的对应关系。
可选地，第一配置信息包括数据特征、以及与数据特征对应的第一接口的标识信息。第一接口的标识信息可以是N9接口的接口标识，或者，上述提到的GTP-U隧道的TEID。
由于所确定的第一接口符合数据的数据特征，所以，与第一接口对应的第一QoS流也符合数据的数据特征。
S903、第一UPF通过第一QoS流，向第二UPF发送数据。
相应地，第二UPF通过该第一QoS流接收来自第一UPF的数据。
也即，第二UPF可以在上述确定的第一接口中，通过第一QoS流接收来自第一UPF的数据。
S904、第二UPF向第二终端发送数据。
相应地，第二终端接收来自第二UPF的数据。
可选地，上述图9所示的实施例中，第一终端向第一UPF发送数据时，或者，第二UPF向第二终端发送数据时，也可以根据数据特征，确定对应的第二QoS流或第三QoS流，在此同样不再赘述。
由上可知，图9所示的实施例中，第一UPF和第二UPF之间是通过与数据特征对应的第一接口中的第一QoS流进行数据传输，所以，也可以为第一UPF和第二UPF之间的传输路径提供可靠的QoS保障。而第一终端和第一UPF之间、以及第二UPF和第二终端之间的数据传输，也是基于QoS流，所以，第一终端至第二终端的整个传输路径，也能够为第一终端发送给第二终端的数据提供可靠的QoS保障。
另外，需要说明的是，图9所示的实施例中，第一配置信息和第二配置信息的具体配置方法，与图6A所示的实施例中，对PDR和FAR的配置规则相同或相似，也未再进行赘述。
结合上述图8和图9可知，本申请实施例中，数据特征包含数据传输的QoS需求(例如，时延需求)，第一UPF可以根据数据的QoS需求，以及第一接口和/或QoS流的链路质量，确定转发数据的第一接口和/或第一QoS流。
可选地，上述图8和/或图9所示的实施例中，第一终端发送给第二终端的数据中也可以包含有用户隧道标识，用户隧道标识与前述实施例中所述相同，在此不再赘述。
可以理解的，本申请前述图6A-图9所示的实施例所述的数据传输方法，虽然是以第一终端向第二终端发送数据的过程进行说明，但也可以扩展到第二终端向第一终端发送数据的过程，即，本申请所述的数据传输方法，适用于任意两个终端之间的业务数据传输的过程。该数据传输方法能创建服务于用户的UPF之间的转发路径，基于用户的QoS需求，通过合适的转发路径将业务数据转发到服务对端用户的UPF。
另外，本申请实施例提供的该数据传输方法，也可以扩展到广域网场景中的端到端传输。目前，广域网场景的端到端传输一般是基于软件定义广域网络(soft defined wide area network，SD-WAN)技术实现。SD-WAN是将软件定义网络(software defined network，SDN)技术应用到广域网场景中所形成的一种服务。这种服务用于连接广阔地理范围的企业网络、数据中心、互联网应用及云服务，旨在帮助用户降低广域网的开支和提高网络连接灵活性。SD-WAN成本较低，易于使用，并支持可扩展部署和可靠的安全性。
图10示出了广域网场景中端到端传输的一种系统组成示意图。如图10所示，SD-WAN一般通过隧道实现。发送端的SD-WAN应用(application)设备和接收端的SD-WAN应用(application)设备之间包含多条链路，例如，有线链路(cable)、数字 用户线路(digital subscriber line，DSL)等。发送端的SD-WAN应用设备可以通过频繁的链路质量检测获得各链路的时延、丢包、抖动等链路质量信息，进而能够根据业务需求及链路质量信息，将发送端的用户业务数据通过不同的链路发送给接收端的SD-WAN应用设备。接收端的SD-WAN应用设备可以将接收到的用户业务数据再转发给接收端。
但是，上述基于SD-WAN技术的广域网场景中端到端传输的过程，仅可为发送端的SD-WAN应用设备和接收端的SD-WAN应用设备之间的传输链路，提供链路质量保障，无法为整个发送端至接收端的链路，提供可靠的端到端广域链路质量保障。
而本申请实施例提供的数据传输方法中，第一UPF和第二UPF之间的传输路径，可以替代基于SD-WAN技术的广域网场景中发送端的SD-WAN应用设备和接收端的SD-WAN应用设备之间的传输链路，从而为整个发送端至接收端的链路，提供可靠的端到端广域链路质量保障。并且，在转发过程中，UPF可以不感知报文中的目的地址，而是基于会话及流的对应关系进行转发，进而降低对UPF的转发要求，并且不限制用户的地址数量等，提高了用户侧网络部署的灵活性。另外，相比较于SD-WAN，本申请实施例提供的数据传输方法不需要终端实现隧道协议。
可选地，本申请实施例中，第一终端还可以向第二终端发起链路质量检测，获取前述实施例中创建的端到端转发路径的链路质量，进而第一终端能够基于检测到的链路质量确定分发报文的QoS流。
例如，在一种可能的设计中，第一终端发送给第二终端的数据中包含有链路检测指示。当第一UPF接收到该数据时，可以根据链路检测指示，在该数据中插入第一检测信息。第一检测信息可以包含在GTP-U包头中，也可以包含在GTP-U上层。第一检测信息包含第一终端至第一UPF的传输路径中QoS流对应的上行带宽、下行带宽、上行丢包统计(丢包率)、下行丢包统计(丢包率)、接收报文的时间戳、发送报文的时间戳、第一终端的上/下行空口时延等信息中的一个或多个。
可以理解的，此时，第二UPF接收到该数据时，数据中包含第一检测信息和链路检测指示。当第二UPF接收到该数据时，可以根据链路检测指示，在该数据中插入第二检测信息。第二检测信息与第一检测信息类似，可以包含第一UPF至第二UPF的传输路径中QoS流对应的上行带宽、下行带宽、上行丢包统计(丢包率)、下行丢包统计(丢包率)、接收报文的时间戳、发送报文的时间戳、第一终端的上/下行空口时延等信息中的一个或多个。第二检测信息与第一检测信息的类型可以相同，也可以不同。
也即，链路检测指示用于指示第一UPF在数据中插入第一检测信息，以及第二UPF在数据中插入第二检测信息。
当第二UPF将该数据转发给第二终端时，第二终端可以结合自己获知的第二UPF至第二终端的传输路径上的第三检测信息，以及数据中包含的第一检测信息和第二检测信息，从而确定出第一终端至第二终端的整个传输路径的链路质量信息。然后，第二终端可以将第一终端至第二终端的整个传输路径的链路质量信息，返回给第一终端，从而第一终端可以根据第一终端至第二终端的整个传输路径的链路质量信息，确定向第二终端发送数据时分发报文的QoS流。
另外一种可能的设计中，第一终端也可以单独通过一个检测报文向第二终端发送链路检测指示，如：可以在检测报文中携带链路检测指示。例如，本申请实施例还提供一种链路质量检测方法，图11示出了本申请实施例提供的链路质量检测方法的流程示意图。如图11所示，该链路质量检测方法可以包括S1101-S1109，S1101-S1109是第一终 端向第二终端发送链路检测指示，并接收第二终端返回的链路检测指示的过程。
S1101、第一终端向第一UPF发送检测报文，检测报文包括链路检测指示。
相应地，第一UPF接收来自第一终端的检测报文。
S1102、第一UPF生成第一检测信息，并插入检测报文。
S1103、第一UPF向第二UPF发送检测报文，检测报文包含第一检测信息和链路检测指示。
相应地，第二UPF接收来自第一UPF的检测报文。
S1104、第二UPF生成第二检测信息，并插入检测报文。
S1105、第二UPF向第二终端发送检测报文，检测报文包含第一检测信息、第二检测信息和链路检测指示。
相应地，第二终端接收来自第二UPF的检测报文。
S1106、第二终端生成第三检测信息。
S1107、第二终端向第二UPF发送链路质量信息，链路质量信息包含第一检测信息、第二检测信息和第三检测信息。
链路质量信息是第一终端至第二终端的传输路径的链路质量信息。第一检测信息是第一终端至第一UPF的传输路径的链路质量信息，第二检测信息是第一UPF至第二UPF的传输路径的链路质量信息，第三检测信息是第二UPF至第二终端的传输路径的链路质量信息。
相应地，第二UPF接收链路质量信息。
S1108、第二UPF向第一UPF发送链路质量信息。
相应地，第一UPF接收链路质量信息。
S1109、第一UPF向第一终端发送链路质量信息。
相应地，第一终端接收链路质量信息。
一种实施方式中，上述链路检测指示具体用于指示检测第一终端至第二终端的传输路径中承载链路检测指示的QoS流的链路质量信息。也即，哪个QoS流用于承载包含该链路检测指示的检测报文，则该链路检测指示具体用于指示该对应的QoS流的链路质量信息。
另一种实施方式中，链路检测指示中包含有一个或多个QoS流的标识信息。此时，具体用于指示链路检测指示中包含的QoS流的标识信息对应的QoS流的链路质量信息。
可选地，本申请实施例中，第一终端和第二终端可以定期(如：定期周期可以为5ms、10ms、100ms等，在此不作限制)互相发送链路检测指示，进而第一终端和第二终端都可以在一个单向时延内获得本端至对端终端(如：第一终端为本端，则第二终端为对端终端)的链路质量信息。第一终端和第二终端在发送链路检测指示时，还可以在链路检测指示中发送上一次从对端终端接收到的链路质量信息，进而使对端终端获得更准确的链路质量信息(如：上述时延信息)。例如，第一终端向第二终端发送链路检测指示，同时，向第二终端发送第二终端至第一终端的传输路径的链路质量信息。
一些实施例中，对于不同类型的链路质量信息，也可以在不同的过程中获得，比如先通过一次检测过程获得时延，再在下一检测过程中插入时延信息以及可用带宽信息等，进而保障时延检测的准确性。
在一种可能的设计中，该链路质量检测方法还包括：第一终端根据第一终端至第二终端的传输路径的链路质量信息，以及需要向第二终端发送的数据的服务质量需求，确 定承载所述数据的服务质量流。例如，第一终端可以根据第一终端至第二终端的传输路径的链路质量信息，确定检测到的链路质量。然后，第一终端可以根据需要向第二终端发送的数据的QoS需求，以及检测到的链路质量，确定分发数据(如：报文)的QoS流。
可选地，本申请实施例中，对终端基于QoS流的链路质量确定发送报文使用的QoS流时，获得链路质量的方式不作限定。例如，可以是如上述实施例所述的链路质量检测的方式获得，或者，也可以是在创建流时从控制面获得，在此不作限制。
上述图11所示的实施例为第一终端发起链路质量检测的过程，检测到的是第一终端至第二终端的传输路径的链路质量。类似地，第二终端也可以发起链路质量检测的过程，相应检测到的是第二终端至第一终端的传输路径的链路质量。
还有一些可能的设计中，链路质量检测的过程也可以由第一UPF或第二UPF发起。
例如，第一UPF可以向第一终端发送第一链路检测请求，第一终端可以根据第一链路检测请求，向第一UPF返回第一UPF至第一终端的传输路径的链路质量信息。相应地，第一UPF接收来自第一终端的第一UPF至第一终端的传输路径的链路质量信息。第二UPF可以向第一UPF发送第二链路检测请求。相应地，第一UPF接收来自第二UPF的第二链路检测请求。然后，第一UPF可以根据第二链路检测请求，向第二UPF返回第一UPF至第一终端的传输路径的链路质量信息、以及第二UPF至第一UPF的传输路径的链路质量信息。此时，第二UPF能够获知第二UPF至第一终端的传输路径的链路质量信息。由于第二UPF还能够容易获知第二终端至第二UPF的传输路径的链路质量信息，所以，第二UPF可以确定出第二终端至第一终端的传输路径的链路质量信息，并返回给终端，以使得第二终端能够得到第二终端至第一终端的传输路径的链路质量信息。从而，第二终端可以根据第二终端至第一终端的整个传输路径的链路质量信息，确定向第一终端发送数据时分发报文的QoS流。
类似地，第一UPF也可以得到第一终端至第二终端的传输路径的链路质量信息，并发送给第一终端，从而第一终端可以根据第一终端至第二终端的整个传输路径的链路质量信息，确定向第二终端发送数据时分发报文的QoS流。
例如，第一UPF可以向第二UPF发送链路检测请求，请求获取第一UPF至第二终端的传输路径的链路质量信息，该链路检测请求可以称为第三链路检测请求。第一UPF至第二终端的传输路径的链路质量信息包括：第二UPF生成的第一UPF至第二UPF的传输路径的链路质量信息，以及第二终端向第二UPF发送的第二UPF至第二终端的传输路径的链路质量信息。其中，第二终端向第二UPF发送第二UPF至第二终端的传输路径的链路质量信息，可以参考前述第一终端向第一UPF发送第一UPF至第一终端的传输路径的链路质量信息的过程。例如，第二UPF可以向第二终端发送第四链路检测请求，第二终端可以向第二UPF返回第二UPF至第二终端的传输路径的链路质量信息。另外，第一UPF可以获取到第一终端至第一UPF的传输路径的链路质量信息。所以，第一UPF可以得到第一终端至第二终端的传输路径的链路质量信息。第一UPF可以将得到的第一终端至第二终端的传输路径的链路质量信息，发送给第一终端，从而第一终端可以根据第一终端至第二终端的整个传输路径的链路质量信息，确定向第二终端发送数据时分发报文的QoS流。
以第一UPF得到第一终端至第二终端的传输路径的链路质量信息，并发送给第一终端为例，图12示出了本申请实施例提供的链路质量检测方法的另一流程示意图。如图12所示，该链路质量检测方法可以包括S1201-S1204。
S1201、第一UPF向第二UPF发送链路质量检测请求。
其中，第一UPF向第二UPF发送的链路质量检测请求，即是指上述提到的第三链路检测请求。
相应地，第二UPF接收链路质量检测请求。
S1202、第二UPF向第一UPF发送第一UPF至第二终端的传输路径的链路质量信息。
相应地，第一UPF接收第一UPF至第二终端的传输路径的链路质量信息。
S1203、第一UPF获取第一终端至第一UPF的传输路径的链路质量信息。
此时，第一UPF根据第一终端至第一UPF的传输路径的链路质量信息，第一UPF至第二UPF的传输路径的链路质量信息，以及第二UPF至第二终端的传输路径的链路质量信息，可以得到第一终端至第二终端的传输路径的链路质量信息。
S1204、第一UPF向第一终端发送第一终端至第二终端的传输路径的链路质量信息。
相应地，第一终端接收第一终端至第二终端的传输路径的链路质量信息。
上述图12所示的实施例中提到的链路质量信息可以参考前述图11所示的实施例中第一检测信息等的类型，在此不再赘述。
可选地，对于上述图11和/或图12所示的实施例，当第一终端是通过接入网设备接入核心网时，第一终端至第一UPF的传输路径的链路质量信息，包括：第一终端至第一终端的接入网设备的传输路径的链路质量信息、以及第一终端的接入网设备至第一UPF的传输路径的链路质量信息。和/或，当第二终端是通过接入网设备接入核心网时，第二UPF至第二终端的传输路径的链路质量信息，包括：第二UPF至第二终端的接入网设备的传输路径的链路质量信息、以及第二终端的接入网设备至第二终端的传输路径的链路质量信息。
例如，对于上述图11所示的实施例中，当第一终端是通过接入网设备接入核心网时，第一终端的接入网设备接收到第一终端发送的数据中包含有链路质量检测指示时，会插入一次第一终端至第一终端的接入网设备的传输路径的检测信息，称为第四检测信息；而第一UPF接收到第一终端的接入网设备转发的该数据时，会插入一次第一终端的接入网设备至第一UPF的检测信息，称为第五检测信息。也即，上述第一检测信息包括第四检测信息和第五检测信息。
可选地，如果第三检测信息和第四检测信息中均包括上行带宽信息，且第四检测信息中的上行带宽信息小于第三检测信息中的上行带宽信息，则只保留第四检测信息中的上行带宽信息。
如上所述，本申请实施例中，第一UPF可以得到第一终端至第二终端的传输路径的链路质量信息。前述实施例中提到的第一SMF确定第二QoS流与第一QoS流或第一接口之间的对应关系，或者，确定数据特征与第一QoS流或第一接口之间的对应关系，即可以是指：第一UPF得到第一终端至第二终端的传输路径的链路质量信息后，将该链路质量信息发送给控制面网元(如：第一SMF)，由控制面网元根据该链路质量信息，确定前述对应关系。例如，第一UPF得到第一终端至第二终端的传输路径的链路质量信息后，可以向第一SMF发送该链路质量信息。第一SMF可以根据数据的QoS需求，确定第一UPF向第二UPF转发数据时的第一QoS流，并配置第一终端和第一UPF之间的第二QoS流与第一QoS流之间的对应关系到第一UPF。或者，配置数据特征与第一QoS流之间的对应关系到第一UPF等。
还有一些实施例中，第一UPF向第二UPF发送链路检测请求(如上述第三链路检测 请求)时，第二UPF可以向第一UPF返回链路质量信息，包括：第二UPF接收该链路检测请求的时间戳、以及第二UPF发送该链路质量信息的时间戳。例如，第一UPF可以通过第一接口向第二UPF发送检测报文，第一UPF可以在检测报文中插入链路检测请求。第二UPF之后向第一UPF发送链路质量信息，包括：第二UPF接收该检测报文的时间戳(即，是指接收该链路检测请求的时间戳)、以及发送该链路质量信息时的时间戳。第一UPF可以根据接收到的该链路质量信息，确定第一UPF和第二UPF之间的传输路径的链路质量。例如：第一UPF可以根据第二UPF接收该检测报文的时间戳、以及第二UPF发送该链路质量信息时的时间戳，确定出第一UPF至第二UPF的传输路径的链路时延，该链路时延即是指链路质量。如：若第二UPF接收该检测报文的时间戳比第二UPF发送该链路质量信息时的时间戳早了5ms，则第一UPF可以确定出第一UPF至第二UPF的传输路径的链路时延为5ms，当然，可以理解，5ms仅为示例性说明。
然后，第一UPF和控制面网元(如：第一SMF)可以根据第一终端到第一UPF的最大时延预算、第一UPF和第二UPF之间的链路质量、以及第二UPF和第二终端之间的最大时延预算，确定第一终端到第二终端之间的最大时延，进而确定第一UPF向第二UPF转发数据时分发报文的第一QoS流；或者，确定其他终端和终端之间数据转发时使用第一UPF和第二UPF之间的第一接口和/或第一QoS流转发数据报文。
类似地，第二UPF可以向第一UPF发送链路检测请求时，第一UPF可以向第二UPF返回链路质量信息，包括：第一UPF接收该链路检测请求的时间戳、以及第一UPF发送该链路质量信息的时间戳。第二UPF可以根据第一UPF接收该链路检测请求的时间戳、以及第一UPF发送该链路质量信息的时间戳，确定出第二UPF和第一UPF之间的传输路径的链路质量。然后，第二UPF和控制面网元(如：第二SMF)可以根据第二终端到第二UPF的最大时延预算、第二UPF和第一UPF之间的链路质量、以及第一UPF和第一终端之间的最大时延预算，确定第二终端到第一终端之间的最大时延，进而确定第二UPF向第一UPF转发数据时分发报文的第一QoS流。
上述主要从各个网元之间交互的角度对本申请实施例提供的方案进行了介绍。可以理解的是，各个网元，例如，第一用户面网元、第二用户面网元、第一终端、第二终端等，为了实现上述功能，其包含了执行各个功能相应的硬件结构和/或软件模块。
如：本申请实施例还可以提供一种可以应用于第一用户面功能的通信装置。图13示出了本申请实施例提供的通信装置的结构示意图。如图13所示，该通信装置包括：接收单元1301和发送单元1302。
其中，接收单元1301，用于接收来自第一终端的数据，所述数据是向第二终端发送的数据；发送单元1302，用于通过第一QoS流向第二用户面功能发送数据，第二用户面功能是第二终端对应的用户面功能。
在一种可能的设计中，所述数据中包含有链路检测指示，链路检测指示用于指示发送单元1302在数据中插入第一终端至第一用户面功能的传输路径的链路质量信息，或者，插入第一终端的接入网设备至第一用户面功能的传输路径的链路质量信息。
在一种可能的设计中，发送单元1302，还用于向第一终端发送第一链路检测请求；接收单元1301，还用于接收来自第一终端的第一用户面功能至第一终端的传输路径的链路质量信息。
在一种可能的设计中，接收单元1301，还用于接收来自第二用户面功能的第二链路检测请求；发送单元1302，还用于向第二用户面功能发送第一用户面功能至第一终端的 传输路径的链路质量信息、以及第二用户面功能至第一用户面功能的传输路径的链路质量信息。
在一种可能的设计中，发送单元1302，还用于向第二用户面功能发送第三链路检测请求；接收单元1301，还用于接收来自第二用户面功能的第一用户面功能至第二用户面功能的传输路径的链路质量信息、以及第二用户面功能至第二终端的传输路径的链路质量信息；发送单元1302，还用于向第一终端发送第一终端至第一用户面功能的传输路径的链路质量信息、第一用户面功能至所述第二用户面功能的传输路径的链路质量信息、以及第二用户面功能至第二终端的传输路径的链路质量信息。
请继续参考图13所示，在一种可能的设计中，第一用户面功能至第二用户面功能的传输路径的链路质量信息包括：第二用户面功能接收第三链路检测请求的时间戳、以及第二用户面功能发送链路质量信息的时间戳。所述装置还包括：处理单元1303，用于根据链路质量信息，确定第一用户面功能至第二用户面功能的传输路径的链路质量。
请继续参考图13所示，在一种可能的设计中，接收单元1301，具体用于通过第二QoS流接收来自第一终端的数据；所述装置还包括：处理单元1303，用于根据第二QoS流与第一QoS流之间的对应关系，确定与第二QoS流对应的第一QoS流。其中，第二QoS流与第一QoS流之间的对应关系，是根据第二QoS流能够满足的QoS需求、以及第一QoS流能够满足的QoS需求所确定的。
在一种可能的设计中，接收单元1301，还用于接收来自第一会话管理功能的第一配置信息，第一配置信息用于指示第二QoS流与第一QoS流之间的对应关系。
在一种可能的设计中，第一配置信息包括第二QoS流的标识信息、以及与第二QoS流对应的第一QoS流的标识信息。
在一种可能的设计中，第一配置信息还包括第一接口的标识信息，第一配置信息用于指示发送单元1302在第一接口中，通过第一QoS流，向第二用户面功能发送数据。
在一种可能的设计中，第二QoS流和第一QoS流的标识信息相同。
在另一种可能的设计中，接收单元1301，具体用于通过第二QoS流接收来自第一终端的数据；处理单元1303，用于根据第二QoS流与第一接口之间的对应关系，确定与第二QoS流对应的第一接口，并确定与第一接口对应的第一QoS流；其中，第二QoS流与第一接口之间的对应关系，是根据第二QoS流能够满足的QoS需求、以及第一接口能够满足的QoS需求所确定的。
在一种可能的设计中，接收单元1301，还用于接收来自第一会话管理功能的第一配置信息，第一配置信息用于指示第二QoS流与第一接口之间的对应关系。
在一种可能的设计中，第一配置信息包括第二QoS流的标识信息、以及与第二QoS流对应的第一接口的标识信息。
在又一种可能的设计中，处理单元1303，用于根据数据特征与第一QoS流之间的对应关系，确定与所述数据的数据特征对应的第一QoS流。
在一种可能的设计中，接收单元1301，还用于接收来自第一会话管理功能的第一配置信息，所述第一配置信息用于指示数据特征与第一QoS流之间的对应关系。
在一种可能的设计中，第一配置信息包括数据特征、以及与数据特征对应的第一QoS流的标识信息。
在一种可能的设计中，第一配置信息还包括第一接口的标识信息，第一配置信息用于指示发送单元1302在第一接口中，通过第一QoS流向第二用户面功能发送所述数据。
在又一种可能的设计中，处理单元1303，用于根据数据特征与第一接口之间的对应关系，确定与所述数据的数据特征对应的第一接口，并确定与第一接口对应的第一QoS流。
在一种可能的设计中，接收单元1301，还用于接收来自第一会话管理功能的第一配置信息，第一配置信息用于指示数据特征与第一接口之间的对应关系。
在一种可能的设计中，第一配置信息包括数据特征、以及与数据特征对应的第一接口的标识信息。
在一种可能的设计中，数据中包含有用户隧道标识，用户隧道标识用于指示数据是第一终端向第二终端发送的数据。
本申请实施例还提供一种应用于第二用户面网元的通信装置。图14示出了本申请实施例提供的通信装置的另一结构示意图。如图14所示，该通信装置包括：接收单元1401和发送单元1402。
其中，接收单元1401，用于通过第一QoS流接收来自第一用户面功能的数据，第一用户面功能是第一终端对应的用户面功能，所述数据是向第二终端发送的数据；发送单元1402，用于向第二终端发送所述数据。
在一种可能的设计中，所述数据中包含有链路检测指示，链路检测指示用于指示发送单元1402在所述数据中插入第一用户面功能至第二用户面功能的传输路径的链路质量信息。
在一种可能的设计中，发送单元1402，还用于向第一用户面功能发送第二链路检测请求；接收单元1401，还用于接收来自第一用户面功能的第一用户面功能至第一终端的传输路径的链路质量信息、以及第二用户面功能至第一用户面功能的传输路径的链路质量信息；发送单元1402，还用于向第二终端发送第一用户面功能至第一终端的传输路径的链路质量信息、第二用户面功能至第一用户面功能的传输路径的链路质量信息、以及第二终端至第二用户面功能的传输路径的链路质量信息。
在一种可能的设计中，接收单元1401，还用于接收来自第一用户面功能的第三链路检测请求；发送单元1402，还用于向第一用户面功能发送第一用户面功能至第二用户面功能的传输路径的链路质量信息、以及第二用户面功能至第二终端的传输路径的链路质量信息。
在一种可能的设计中，发送单元1402，还用于向第二终端发送第四链路检测请求；接收单元1401，还用于接收来自第二终端的第二用户面功能至第二终端的传输路径的链路质量信息。
请继续参考图14所示，在一种可能的设计中，发送单元1402，还用于向第一用户面功能发送链路检测请求；接收单元1401，还用于接收来自第一用户面功能的链路质量信息，链路质量信息包括：第一用户面功能接收链路检测请求的时间戳、以及第一用户面功能发送链路质量信息的时间戳；所述装置还包括：处理单元1403，用于根据链路质量信息，确定第二用户面功能至第一用户面功能的传输路径的链路质量。
请继续参考图14所示，在一种可能的设计中，发送单元1402，具体用于通过第三QoS流向第二终端发送所述数据；所述装置还包括：处理单元1403，用于根据第一QoS流与第三QoS流之间的对应关系，确定与第一QoS流对应的第三QoS流。其中，第一QoS流与第三QoS流之间的对应关系，是根据第一QoS流能够满足的QoS需求、以及第三QoS流能够满足的QoS需求所确定的。
在一种可能的设计中，接收单元，还用于接收来自第二会话管理功能的第二配置信息，第二配置信息用于指示第一QoS流与第三QoS流之间的对应关系。
在一种可能的设计中，第二配置信息包括第一QoS流的标识信息、以及与第一QoS流对应的第三QoS流的标识信息。
在一种可能的设计中，第一QoS流和第三QoS流的标识信息相同。
在另一种可能的设计中，接收单元1401，具体用于在第一接口中，通过第一QoS流接收来自第一用户面功能的数据；发送单元1402，具体用于通过第三QoS流向第二终端发送所述数据；处理单元1403，用于根据第一接口与第三QoS流之间的对应关系，确定与第一接口对应的第三QoS流。其中，第一接口与第三QoS流之间的对应关系，是根据第一接口能够满足的QoS需求、以及第三QoS流能够满足的QoS需求所确定的。
在一种可能的设计中，接收单元1401，还用于接收来自第二会话管理功能的第二配置信息，第二配置信息用于指示第一接口与第三QoS流之间的对应关系。
在一种可能的设计中，第二配置信息包括第一接口的标识信息、以及与第一接口对应的第三QoS流的标识信息。
在一种可能的设计中，数据中包含有用户隧道标识，用户隧道标识用于指示数据是第一终端向第二终端发送的数据。
可选地，本申请实施例还提供一种应用于第一终端的通信装置。图15示出了本申请实施例提供的通信装置的又一结构示意图。如图15所示，该通信装置包括：发送单元1501和接收单元1502。
其中，发送单元1501，用于向第二终端发送链路检测指示、以及第二终端至第一终端的传输路径的链路质量信息；接收单元1502，用于接收来自第二终端的第一终端至第二终端的传输路径的链路质量信息。
在一种可能的设计中，第一终端至第二终端的传输路径的链路质量信息，包括：第一终端至第一用户面功能的传输路径的链路质量信息、第一用户面功能至第二用户面功能的传输路径的链路质量信息、以及第二用户面功能至第二终端的传输路径的链路质量信息。
在一种可能的设计中，第一终端至第一用户面功能的传输路径的链路质量信息，包括：第一终端至第一终端的接入网设备的传输路径的链路质量信息、以及第一终端的接入网设备至第一用户面功能的传输路径的链路质量信息。
在一种可能的设计中，第二用户面功能至第二终端的传输路径的链路质量信息，包括：第二用户面功能至第二终端的接入网设备的传输路径的链路质量信息、以及第二终端的接入网设备至第二终端的传输路径的链路质量信息。
在一种可能的设计中，链路检测指示具体用于指示检测第一终端至第二终端的传输路径中承载链路检测指示的QoS流的链路质量信息。
在另一种可能的设计中，链路检测指示中包含有一个或多个QoS流的标识信息。
还有一些可能的设计中，该通信装置还包括：处理单元(图中未使出)，用于根据第一终端至第二终端的传输路径的链路质量信息，以及需要向第二终端发送的数据的服务质量需求，确定承载所述数据的服务质量流。
类似地，第二终端也具有和第一终端类似的装置，用于实现第二终端向第一终端发送链路检测指示，以获取第二终端至第一终端的传输路径的链路质量信息的功能，在此不再赘述。
可选地，本申请实施例还提供一种应用于第一用户面网元的通信装置。图16示出了本申请实施例提供的通信装置的又一结构示意图。如图16所示，该通信装置包括：发送单元1601和接收单元1602。
其中，发送单元1601，用于向第一终端发送第一链路检测请求；接收单元1602，用于接收来自第一终端的第一用户面功能至第一终端的传输路径的链路质量信息。
在一种可能的设计中，接收单元1602，还用于接收来自第二用户面功能的第二链路检测请求；发送单元1601，还用于向第二用户面功能发送第一用户面功能至第一终端的传输路径的链路质量信息、以及第二用户面功能至第一用户面功能的传输路径的链路质量信息。
在一种可能的设计中，发送单元1601，还用于向第二用户面功能发送第三链路检测请求；接收单元1602，还用于接收来自第二用户面功能的第一用户面功能至第二用户面功能的传输路径的链路质量信息、以及第二用户面功能至第二终端的传输路径的链路质量信息；发送单元1601，还用于向第一终端发送第一终端至所述第一用户面功能的传输路径的链路质量信息、第一用户面功能至第二用户面功能的传输路径的链路质量信息、以及第二用户面功能至第二终端的传输路径的链路质量信息。
类似地，第二用户面功能也具有和第一用户面功能类似的装置，用于实现前述实施例中所述的第二用户面功能可实现的功能，例如，向第一用户面功能发送第二链路检测请求，向终端发送第二终端至第一终端的传输路径的链路质量信息，接收来自第一用户面功能的第三链路检测请求，向第二终端发送第四链路检测请求，向第二用户面功能发送第二用户面功能至第二终端的传输路径的链路质量信息等。在此不再通过附图对第二用户面功能的装置的具体实现进行赘述。
可选地，本申请实施例还提供一种通信装置，该通信装置可以应用于上述第一用户面网元、第二用户面网元、第一终端、以及第二终端中的任意一种。图17示出了本申请实施例提供的通信装置的又一结构示意图。如图17所示，该通信装置可以包括：收发单元1701和处理单元1702。
其中，收发单元1701可以用于收发信息，或者用于与其他网元通信。处理单元1702可以用于对数据进行处理。
当该通信装置应用于第一用户面网元、第二用户面网元、第一终端、或第二终端时，可以通过收发单元1701和处理单元1702实现如前述实施例所述的第一用户面网元、第二用户面网元、第一终端、或第二终端对应执行的方法。
应理解以上装置中单元的划分仅仅是一种逻辑功能的划分，实际实现时可以全部或部分集成到一个物理实体上，也可以物理上分开。且装置中的单元可以全部以软件通过处理元件调用的形式实现；也可以全部以硬件的形式实现；还可以部分单元以软件通过处理元件调用的形式实现，部分单元以硬件的形式实现。
例如，各个单元可以为单独设立的处理元件，也可以集成在装置的某一个芯片中实现，此外，也可以以程序的形式存储于存储器中，由装置的某一个处理元件调用并执行该单元的功能。此外这些单元全部或部分可以集成在一起，也可以独立实现。这里所述的处理元件又可以称为处理器，可以是一种具有信号的处理能力的集成电路。在实现过程中，上述方法的各步骤或以上各个单元可以通过处理器元件中的硬件的集成逻辑电路实现或者以软件通过处理元件调用的形式实现。
在一个例子中，以上任一装置中的单元可以是被配置成实施以上方法的一个或多个 集成电路，例如：一个或多个ASIC，或，一个或多个DSP，或，一个或者多个FPGA，或这些集成电路形式中至少两种的组合。
再如，当装置中的单元可以通过处理元件调度程序的形式实现时，该处理元件可以是通用处理器，例如CPU或其它可以调用程序的处理器。再如，这些单元可以集成在一起，以片上系统(system-on-a-chip，SOC)的形式实现。
以上用于接收的单元是一种该装置的接口电路或者输入电路，用于从其它装置接收信号。例如，当该装置以芯片的方式实现时，该接收单元是该芯片用于从其它芯片或装置接收信号的接口电路或者输入电路。当通信装置包括用于发送的单元时，该用于发送的单元是一种该装置的接口电路或者输出电路，用于向其它装置发送信号。例如，当该装置以芯片的方式实现时，该发送单元是该芯片用于向其它芯片或装置发送信号的接口电路或者输出电路。
例如，本申请实施例还可以提供一种通信装置，可以应用于第一用户面网元、第二用户面网元、第一终端、以及第二终端中的任意一种。该通信装置可以包括：处理器和接口电路。该处理器可以包括一个或多个。
当该通信装置应用于第一用户面网元、第二用户面网元、第一终端、或第二终端时，处理器用于通过接口电路与其它装置通信，并执行以上方法中第一用户面网元、第二用户面网元、第一终端、或第二终端对应执行的各个步骤。
在一种实现中，第一用户面网元、第二用户面网元、第一终端、或第二终端分别实现以上方法中各个对应步骤的单元可以通过处理元件调度程序的形式实现。例如，用于第一用户面网元、第二用户面网元、第一终端、或第二终端的装置可以包括处理元件和存储元件，处理元件调用存储元件存储的程序，以执行以上方法实施例中对应第一用户面网元、第二用户面网元、第一终端、或第二终端执行的方法。存储元件可以为与处理元件处于同一芯片上的存储元件，即片内存储元件。
在另一种实现中，用于执行以上方法中第一用户面网元、第二用户面网元、第一终端、或第二终端所执行的方法的程序可以在与处理元件处于不同芯片上的存储元件，即片外存储元件。此时，处理元件从片外存储元件调用或加载程序于片内存储元件上，以调用并执行以上方法实施例中对应第一用户面网元、第二用户面网元、第一终端、或第二终端执行的方法。
例如，本申请实施例还可以提供一种通信装置，该通信装置可以包括处理器，用于执行存储器中存储的计算机指令，当所述计算机指令被执行时，使得所述装置执行以上第一用户面网元、第二用户面网元、第一终端、或第二终端所执行的方法。该存储器可以位于该通信装置之内，也可以位于该通信装置之外。且该处理器包括一个或多个。
在又一种实现中，第一用户面网元、第二用户面网元、第一终端、或第二终端实现以上方法中各个步骤的单元可以是被配置成一个或多个处理元件，这些处理元件可以设置于对应第一用户面网元、第二用户面网元、第一终端、或第二终端上，这里的处理元件可以为集成电路，例如：一个或多个ASIC，或，一个或多个DSP，或，一个或者多个FPGA，或者这些类集成电路的组合。这些集成电路可以集成在一起，构成芯片。
第一用户面网元、第二用户面网元、第一终端、或第二终端实现以上方法中各个步骤的单元可以集成在一起，以SOC的形式实现，该SOC芯片，用于实现对应的方法。该芯片内可以集成至少一个处理元件和存储元件，由处理元件调用存储元件的存储的程序的形式实现对应的方法；或者，该芯片内可以集成至少一个集成电路，用于实现对应 的方法；或者，可以结合以上实现方式，部分单元的功能通过处理元件调用程序的形式实现，部分单元的功能通过集成电路的形式实现。
这里的处理元件同以上描述，可以是通用处理器，例如CPU，还可以是被配置成实施以上方法的一个或多个集成电路，例如：一个或多个ASIC，或，一个或多个微处理器DSP，或，一个或者多个FPGA等，或这些集成电路形式中至少两种的组合。
存储元件可以是一个存储器，也可以是多个存储元件的统称。
例如，本申请实施例还提供一种芯片系统，该芯片系统可以应用于上述第一用户面网元、第二用户面网元、第一终端、或第二终端中的任意一种。芯片系统包括一个或多个接口电路和一个或多个处理器；接口电路和处理器通过线路互联；处理器通过接口电路从电子设备的存储器接收并执行计算机指令，以实现以上方法实施例中对应第一用户面网元、第二用户面网元、第一终端、或第二终端所执行的方法。
通过以上的实施方式的描述，所属领域的技术人员可以清楚地了解到，为描述的方便和简洁，仅以上述各功能模块的划分进行举例说明，实际应用中，可以根据需要而将上述功能分配由不同的功能模块完成，即将装置的内部结构划分成不同的功能模块，以完成以上描述的全部或者部分功能。
在本申请所提供的几个实施例中，应该理解到，所揭露的装置和方法，可以通过其它的方式实现。例如，以上所描述的装置实施例仅仅是示意性的，例如，所述模块或单元的划分，仅仅为一种逻辑功能划分，实际实现时可以有另外的划分方式，例如多个单元或组件可以结合或者可以集成到另一个装置，或一些特征可以忽略，或不执行。另一点，所显示或讨论的相互之间的耦合或直接耦合或通信连接可以是通过一些接口，装置或单元的间接耦合或通信连接，可以是电性，机械或其它的形式。
所述作为分离部件说明的单元可以是或者也可以不是物理上分开的，作为单元显示的部件可以是一个物理单元或多个物理单元，即可以位于一个地方，或者也可以分布到多个不同地方。可以根据实际的需要选择其中的部分或者全部单元来实现本实施例方案的目的。
另外，在本申请各个实施例中的各功能单元可以集成在一个处理单元中，也可以是各个单元单独物理存在，也可以两个或两个以上单元集成在一个单元中。上述集成的单元既可以采用硬件的形式实现，也可以采用软件功能单元的形式实现。
所述集成的单元如果以软件功能单元的形式实现并作为独立的产品销售或使用时，可以存储在一个可读取存储介质中。基于这样的理解，本申请实施例的技术方案本质上或者说对现有技术做出贡献的部分或者该技术方案的全部或部分可以以软件产品的形式体现出来，如：程序。该软件产品存储在一个程序产品，如计算机可读存储介质中，包括若干指令用以使得一个设备(可以是单片机，芯片等)或处理器(processor)执行本申请各个实施例所述方法的全部或部分步骤。而前述的存储介质包括：U盘、移动硬盘、ROM、RAM、磁碟或者光盘等各种可以存储程序代码的介质。
例如，本申请实施例还可以提供一种计算机可读存储介质，包括：计算机软件指令；当计算机软件指令在核心网设备，或者内置在核心网设备的芯片中运行时，可以使得核心网设备执行如前述实施例所述的第一用户面网元或第二用户面网元执行的方法。
或者，当计算机软件指令在终端或内置在所述终端的芯片中运行时，使得终端执行如前述实施例所述的第一终端或第二终端执行的方法。
以上所述，仅为本申请的具体实施方式，但本申请的保护范围并不局限于此，任何 在本申请揭露的技术范围内的变化或替换，都应涵盖在本申请的保护范围之内。因此，本申请的保护范围应以所述权利要求的保护范围为准。

Claims (43)

  1. 一种数据传输方法，其特征在于，所述方法包括：
    第一用户面功能接收来自第一终端的数据，所述数据是向第二终端发送的数据；
    所述第一用户面功能通过第一服务质量流向第二用户面功能发送所述数据，所述第二用户面功能是所述第二终端对应的用户面功能。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述数据中包含有链路检测指示；所述方法还包括：
    所述第一用户面功能根据所述链路检测指示，在所述数据中插入所述第一终端至所述第一用户面功能的传输路径的链路质量信息，或者，插入所述第一终端的接入网设备至所述第一用户面功能的传输路径的链路质量信息。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    所述第一用户面功能向所述第一终端发送第一链路检测请求；
    所述第一用户面功能接收来自所述第一终端的所述第一用户面功能至所述第一终端的传输路径的链路质量信息。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    所述第一用户面功能接收来自所述第二用户面功能的第二链路检测请求；
    所述第一用户面功能向所述第二用户面功能发送所述第一用户面功能至所述第一终端的传输路径的链路质量信息、以及所述第二用户面功能至所述第一用户面功能的传输路径的链路质量信息。
  5. 根据权利要求3或4所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    所述第一用户面功能向所述第二用户面功能发送第三链路检测请求；
    所述第一用户面功能接收来自所述第二用户面功能的所述第一用户面功能至所述第二用户面功能的传输路径的链路质量信息、以及所述第二用户面功能至所述第二终端的传输路径的链路质量信息；
    所述第一用户面功能向所述第一终端发送所述第一终端至所述第一用户面功能的传输路径的链路质量信息、所述第一用户面功能至所述第二用户面功能的传输路径的链路质量信息、以及所述第二用户面功能至所述第二终端的传输路径的链路质量信息。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一用户面功能至所述第二用户面功能的传输路径的所述链路质量信息包括：所述第二用户面功能接收所述第三链路检测请求的时间戳、以及所述第二用户面功能发送所述链路质量信息的时间戳；
    所述方法还包括：
    所述第一用户面功能根据所述第一用户面功能至所述第二用户面功能的传输路径的所述链路质量信息，确定所述第一用户面功能至所述第二用户面功能的传输路径的链路质量。
  7. 根据权利要求1-6任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一用户面功能接收来自第一终端的数据，包括：
    所述第一用户面功能通过第二服务质量流接收来自第一终端的数据；
    所述方法还包括：
    所述第一用户面功能根据第二服务质量流与第一服务质量流之间的对应关系，确定与所述第二服务质量流对应的所述第一服务质量流。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    所述第一用户面功能接收来自第一会话管理功能的第一配置信息，所述第一配置信息用于指示第二服务质量流与第一服务质量流之间的对应关系。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一配置信息包括第二服务质量流的标识信息、以及与第二服务质量流对应的第一服务质量流的标识信息。
  10. 根据权利要求8或9所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一配置信息还包括第一接口的标识信息，所述第一接口是所述第一用户面功能和所述第二用户面功能之间的接口，所述第一配置信息用于指示所述第一用户面功能在所述第一接口中，通过第一服务质量流向所述第二用户面功能发送所述数据。
  11. 根据权利要求7-10任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第二服务质量流和所述第一服务质量流的标识信息相同。
  12. 根据权利要求1-6任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    所述第一用户面功能根据数据特征与第一服务质量流之间的对应关系，确定与所述数据的数据特征对应的所述第一服务质量流。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    所述第一用户面功能接收来自第一会话管理功能的第一配置信息，所述第一配置信息用于指示数据特征与第一服务质量流之间的对应关系。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一配置信息包括数据特征、以及与数据特征对应的第一服务质量流的标识信息。
  15. 根据权利要求13或14所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一配置信息还包括第一接口的标识信息，所述第一接口是所述第一用户面功能和所述第二用户面功能之间的接口，所述第一配置信息用于指示所述第一用户面功能在所述第一接口中，通过第一服务质量流向所述第二用户面功能发送所述数据。
  16. 根据权利要求1-15任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述数据中包含有用户隧道标识，所述用户隧道标识用于指示所述数据是所述第一终端向所述第二终端发送的数据。
  17. 一种链路质量检测方法，其特征在于，所述方法包括：
    第一终端向第二终端发送链路检测指示、以及所述第二终端至所述第一终端的传输路径的链路质量信息；
    所述第一终端接收来自所述第二终端的所述第一终端至所述第二终端的传输路径的链路质量信息。
  18. 根据权利要求17所述的方法，其特征在于，所述链路检测指示具体用于指示检测所述第一终端至所述第二终端的传输路径中承载所述链路检测指示的服务质量流的链路质量信息。
  19. 根据权利要求17所述的方法，其特征在于，所述链路检测指示中包含有一个或多个服务质量流的标识信息。
  20. 根据权利要求19所述的方法，其特征在于，所述一个或多个服务质量流的标识信息，包括：所述第一终端和第一用户面功能之间的服务质量流的标识信息，所述第一用户面功能和第二用户面功能之间的服务质量流的标识信息、以及所述第二用户面功能和所述第二终端之间的服务质量流的标识信息。
  21. 根据权利要求17-20任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    所述第一终端根据所述第一终端至所述第二终端的传输路径的链路质量信息，以及需要向所述第二终端发送的数据的服务质量需求，确定承载所述数据的服务质量流。
  22. 一种通信装置，其特征在于，应用于第一用户面功能，所述装置包括：
    接收单元，用于接收来自第一终端的数据，所述数据是向第二终端发送的数据；
    发送单元，用于通过第一服务质量流向第二用户面功能发送所述数据，所述第二用户面功能是所述第二终端对应的用户面功能。
  23. 根据权利要求22所述的装置，其特征在于，所述数据中包含有链路检测指示，所述发送单元还用于根据所述链路检测指示，在所述数据中插入所述第一终端至所述第一用户面功能的传输路径的链路质量信息，或者，插入所述第一终端的接入网设备至所述第一用户面功能的传输路径的链路质量信息。
  24. 根据权利要求22所述的装置，其特征在于，所述发送单元，还用于向所述第一终端发送第一链路检测请求；
    所述接收单元，还用于接收来自所述第一终端的所述第一用户面功能至所述第一终端的传输路径的链路质量信息。
  25. 根据权利要求24所述的装置，其特征在于，所述接收单元，还用于接收来自所述第二用户面功能的第二链路检测请求；
    所述发送单元，还用于向所述第二用户面功能发送所述第一用户面功能至所述第一终端的传输路径的链路质量信息、以及所述第二用户面功能至所述第一用户面功能的传输路径的链路质量信息。
  26. 根据权利要求24或25所述的装置，其特征在于，所述发送单元，还用于向所述第二用户面功能发送第三链路检测请求；
    所述接收单元，还用于接收来自所述第二用户面功能的所述第一用户面功能至所述第二用户面功能的传输路径的链路质量信息、以及所述第二用户面功能至所述第二终端的传输路径的链路质量信息；
    所述发送单元，还用于向所述第一终端发送所述第一终端至所述第一用户面功能的传输路径的链路质量信息、所述第一用户面功能至所述第二用户面功能的传输路径的链路质量信息、以及所述第二用户面功能至所述第二终端的传输路径的链路质量信息。
  27. 根据权利要求26所述的装置，其特征在于，所述第一用户面功能至所述第二用户面功能的传输路径的所述链路质量信息包括：所述第二用户面功能接收所述第三链路检测请求的时间戳、以及所述第二用户面功能发送所述链路质量信息的时间戳；
    所述装置还包括：处理单元，用于根据所述第一用户面功能至所述第二用户面功能的传输路径的所述链路质量信息，确定所述第一用户面功能至所述第二用户面功能的传输路径的链路质量。
  28. 根据权利要求22-27任一项所述的装置，其特征在于，所述接收单元，具体用于通过第二服务质量流接收来自第一终端的数据；
    所述装置还包括：处理单元，用于根据第二服务质量流与第一服务质量流之间的对应关系，确定与所述第二服务质量流对应的所述第一服务质量流。
  29. 根据权利要求28所述的装置，其特征在于，所述接收单元，还用于接收来自第一会话管理功能的第一配置信息，所述第一配置信息用于指示第二服务质量流与第一服务质量流之间的对应关系。
  30. 根据权利要求29所述的装置，其特征在于，所述第一配置信息包括第二服务质 量流的标识信息、以及与第二服务质量流对应的第一服务质量流的标识信息。
  31. 根据权利要求29或30所述的装置，其特征在于，所述第一配置信息还包括第一接口的标识信息，所述第一接口是所述第一用户面功能和所述第二用户面功能之间的接口，所述第一配置信息用于指示所述发送单元在所述第一接口中，通过第一服务质量流向所述第二用户面功能发送所述数据。
  32. 根据权利要求28-31任一项所述的装置，其特征在于，所述第二服务质量流和所述第一服务质量流的标识信息相同。
  33. 根据权利要求22-27任一项所述的装置，其特征在于，所述装置还包括：
    处理单元，用于根据数据特征与第一服务质量流之间的对应关系，确定与所述数据的数据特征对应的所述第一服务质量流。
  34. 根据权利要求33所述的装置，其特征在于，所述接收单元，还用于接收来自第一会话管理功能的第一配置信息，所述第一配置信息用于指示数据特征与第一服务质量流之间的对应关系。
  35. 根据权利要求34所述的装置，其特征在于，所述第一配置信息包括数据特征、以及与数据特征对应的第一服务质量流的标识信息。
  36. 根据权利要求34或35所述的装置，其特征在于，所述第一配置信息还包括第一接口的标识信息，所述第一接口是所述第一用户面功能和所述第二用户面功能之间的接口，所述第一配置信息用于指示所述发送单元在所述第一接口中，通过第一服务质量流向所述第二用户面功能发送所述数据。
  37. 根据权利要求22-36任一项所述的装置，其特征在于，所述数据中包含有用户隧道标识，所述用户隧道标识用于指示所述数据是所述第一终端向所述第二终端发送的数据。
  38. 一种通信装置，其特征在于，应用于第一终端，所述装置包括：
    发送单元，用于向第二终端发送链路检测指示、以及所述第二终端至所述第一终端的传输路径的链路质量信息；
    接收单元，用于接收来自所述第二终端的所述第一终端至所述第二终端的传输路径的链路质量信息。
  39. 根据权利要求38所述的装置，其特征在于，所述链路检测指示具体用于指示检测所述第一终端至所述第二终端的传输路径中承载所述链路检测指示的服务质量流的链路质量信息。
  40. 根据权利要求38所述的装置，其特征在于，所述链路检测指示中包含有一个或多个服务质量流的标识信息。
  41. 根据权利要求40所述的装置，其特征在于，所述一个或多个服务质量流的标识信息，包括：所述第一终端和第一用户面功能之间的服务质量流的标识信息，所述第一用户面功能和第二用户面功能之间的服务质量流的标识信息、以及所述第二用户面功能和所述第二终端之间的服务质量流的标识信息。
  42. 根据权利要求38-41任一项所述的装置，其特征在于，所述装置还包括：
    处理单元，用于根据所述第一终端至所述第二终端的传输路径的链路质量信息，以及需要向所述第二终端发送的数据的服务质量需求，确定承载所述数据的服务质量流。
  43. 一种计算机可读存储介质，其特征在于，包括：计算机软件指令；
    当所述计算机软件指令在电子设备或内置在所述电子设备的芯片中运行时，使得所 述电子设备执行权利要求1-21任一项所述的方法。
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