WO2022057583A1 - 一种电池充电控制方法和装置 - Google Patents

一种电池充电控制方法和装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022057583A1
WO2022057583A1 PCT/CN2021/114612 CN2021114612W WO2022057583A1 WO 2022057583 A1 WO2022057583 A1 WO 2022057583A1 CN 2021114612 W CN2021114612 W CN 2021114612W WO 2022057583 A1 WO2022057583 A1 WO 2022057583A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
battery
sampling
voltage
fitting curve
condition
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PCT/CN2021/114612
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
李林福
李世超
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江苏时代新能源科技有限公司
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Priority to EP21868411.6A priority Critical patent/EP4064510B1/en
Publication of WO2022057583A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022057583A1/zh
Priority to US17/953,228 priority patent/US11735945B2/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
    • H02J7/00302—Overcharge protection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
    • H02J7/00712—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters
    • H02J7/007182—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters in response to battery voltage
    • H02J7/007184—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters in response to battery voltage in response to battery voltage gradient
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/3644—Constructional arrangements
    • G01R31/3648—Constructional arrangements comprising digital calculation means, e.g. for performing an algorithm
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/382—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC
    • G01R31/3835—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC involving only voltage measurements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
    • H01M10/441—Methods for charging or discharging for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
    • H01M10/443—Methods for charging or discharging in response to temperature
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
    • H02J7/00309—Overheat or overtemperature protection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
    • H02J7/0031—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits using battery or load disconnect circuits

Definitions

  • the present application belongs to the technical field of batteries, and in particular, relates to a battery charging control method and device.
  • the present application provides a battery charging control method and device, which can effectively control battery charging.
  • the present application provides a battery charging control method, including: acquiring the voltages of N battery cells in an M th sampling period, wherein the M th sampling period includes K sampling moments, and N battery cells are composed of battery, N, M and K are positive integers; based on the obtained voltage, calculate the voltage of the battery at each of the K sampling moments; if the first condition is met and the second condition is met, stop charging the battery; wherein, The first condition includes: the voltage of the battery increases monotonically in the Mth sampling period; the second condition includes: the trend of the fitting curve of the voltage of at least one battery cell of the N battery cells in the Mth sampling period is not rise.
  • the voltage of the battery increases monotonically in the Mth sampling period and the trend of the fitted curve of the voltage of at least one battery cell in the Mth sampling period If it is not rising, stop charging the battery.
  • the battery can be stopped in time when the voltage changes abnormally. charging, so as to avoid thermal runaway of the battery and effectively control the battery charging process.
  • the voltage of at least one battery cell of the N battery cells in the second condition is acquired for consecutive P sampling periods after the Mth sampling period, and the consecutive P sampling periods are the same as the Mth sampling period.
  • the sampling period constitutes a continuous P+1 sampling period, and P is a positive integer; wherein, the second condition further includes: an approximate value of the voltage of at least one battery cell of the N battery cells in each sampling period of the consecutive P sampling periods.
  • the trend of the composite curve is not upward.
  • the trend of the fitting curve in the second condition is not rising includes: the slope of the linear fitting curve is less than or equal to 0, and the trend of the fitting curve is rising comprises: linear fitting The slope of the fitting curve is greater than 0; or, if the fitting curve is an exponential fitting curve or a logarithmic fitting curve, the trend of the fitting curve is not rising, including: the base of the exponential fitting curve or logarithmic fitting curve is greater than 0 And less than or equal to 1, the trend of the fitting curve is rising, including: the base of the exponential fitting curve or the logarithmic fitting curve is greater than 1.
  • the voltage of the battery increases monotonically in the Mth sampling period, specifically including: the difference between the voltage of the battery at the j+1th sampling time and the voltage of the battery at the jth sampling time is greater than 0, where 1 ⁇ j ⁇ K-1.
  • calculating the voltage of the battery at each of the K sampling moments includes: summing the voltages of the N battery cells at the ith sampling moment to obtain the voltage of the battery at the ith sampling moment, wherein , 1 ⁇ i ⁇ K.
  • the current of the battery at each of the K sampling moments is acquired. If the first condition is met and the third condition is met, the battery is continued to be charged; wherein, the third condition includes: the trend of the fitting curves of the voltages of the N battery cells in the Mth sampling period is all rising.
  • the current of the battery at each of the K sampling moments is acquired. If the first condition is not met and the fourth condition is met, stop charging the battery; where the fourth condition includes: the difference between the preset current and the current of the battery at each of the K sampling times is less than the preset threshold , where the preset current is the preset value of the battery in the Mth sampling period.
  • the battery charging process can be effectively controlled.
  • the current of the battery at each of the K sampling moments is acquired. If the first condition is not met and the fifth condition is met, stop charging the battery; wherein the fifth condition includes: the difference between the preset current and the current of the battery at at least one sampling time among the K sampling times is greater than a preset threshold.
  • the present application provides a battery charging control device, comprising: an acquisition module configured to acquire the voltages of N battery cells in the M th sampling period, wherein the M th sampling period includes K sampling moments, and N A battery is composed of several battery cells, and N, M, and K are positive integers; the acquisition module is further configured to calculate the voltage of the battery at each of the K sampling moments based on the acquired voltage.
  • the processing module is configured to stop charging the battery if the first condition is met and the second condition is met; wherein the first condition includes: the voltage of the battery increases monotonically in the Mth sampling period; the second condition includes: N batteries The trend of the fitting curve of the voltage of at least one battery cell in the M-th sampling period is not rising.
  • the processing module stops charging the battery.
  • the battery can be stopped in time when the voltage changes abnormally. charging, so as to avoid thermal runaway of the battery and effectively control the battery charging process.
  • the acquisition module acquires the voltage of at least one battery cell for P consecutive sampling periods after the M th sampling period, and the consecutive P sampling periods and the M th sampling period constitute consecutive P+1 sampling periods, and P is positive Integer;
  • the processing module is specifically configured to: stop charging the battery if the first condition is met and the second condition is met; the second condition further includes: at least one battery cell of the N battery cells in every P consecutive sampling periods The trend of the fitting curve of the voltage of one sampling period is not rising.
  • the processing module judges the voltage of the battery cell through multiple consecutive sampling cycles, which can avoid the influence of accidental factors such as voltage fluctuation, and further increase the accuracy of battery charging control.
  • the processing module stops charging the battery; if the fitting curve in the second condition is a linear fitting curve, the trend of the fitting curve is not rising, including: linear fitting The slope of the curve is less than or equal to 0, and the trend of the fitted curve is rising. Including: the slope of the linear fitting curve is greater than 0; or, if the fitting curve is an exponential fitting curve or a logarithmic fitting curve, the trend of the fitting curve is not For rising, it includes: the base of the exponential fitting curve or logarithmic fitting curve is greater than 0 and less than or equal to 1, and the trend of the fitting curve is rising includes: the base of the exponential fitting curve or logarithmic fitting curve is greater than 1.
  • the processing module is configured to: if the difference between the voltage of the battery at the j+1th sampling time and the voltage of the battery at the jth sampling time is greater than 0, determine that the voltage of the battery increases monotonically in the Mth sampling period , where 1 ⁇ j ⁇ K-1.
  • the acquisition module is specifically configured to sum the voltages of N battery cells at each of the K sampling moments to obtain the voltage of the battery at each of the K sampling moments, where 1 ⁇ i ⁇ K.
  • the acquisition module is further configured to acquire the current of the battery at each of the K sampling moments; the processing module is further configured to continue charging the battery if the first condition and the third condition are satisfied.
  • the third condition includes: the trend of the fitting curves of the voltages of the N battery cells in the Mth sampling period is all rising.
  • the acquisition module is further configured to acquire the current of the battery at each of the K sampling moments; the processing module is further configured to stop charging the battery if the first condition is not met and the fourth condition is met; wherein the fourth The conditions include: the difference between the preset current and the current of the battery at each of the K sampling times is less than a preset threshold, wherein the preset current is the preset current of the battery in the Mth sampling period. value.
  • the processing module detects that the battery current is not switched and the voltage of the battery is not monotonically increasing, then the battery is thermally out of control and stops charging the battery.
  • the processing module detects the current to the battery by the current acquisition module, which can effectively control the battery charging process.
  • the processing module is configured to: if the first condition is not satisfied and the fifth condition is satisfied, continue to charge the battery; wherein the fifth condition includes: the preset current and the current of the battery at at least one sampling time among the K sampling times The difference is greater than the preset threshold.
  • the present application further provides a battery charging control method, comprising: acquiring the voltages of N battery cells in the Mth sampling period, wherein the sampling period includes K sampling moments, and the N battery cells form a battery, N, M and K are positive integers; based on the obtained voltage, calculate the voltage of the battery at each of the K sampling moments; obtain the current of the battery at each of the K sampling moments; if the first condition is not satisfied and the fourth condition is satisfied, then stop charging the battery; wherein, the first condition includes: the voltage of the battery increases monotonically within the Mth sampling period; the fourth condition includes: the preset current and each of the K sampling times The difference between the currents of the batteries is smaller than the preset threshold, wherein the preset current is the preset value of the battery in the Mth sampling period.
  • the voltage of the battery increases monotonically in the Mth sampling period and the trend of the fitted curve of the voltage of at least one battery cell in the Mth sampling period If it is not rising, stop charging the battery.
  • the battery can be stopped in time when the voltage changes abnormally. charge to avoid thermal runaway of the battery.
  • the charging current of the battery is switched, the voltage of the battery will also fluctuate due to the electrochemical characteristics of the battery. If the voltage of the battery does not increase monotonically and the current of the battery does not switch, the battery has a risk of thermal runaway at this time. By detecting the current of the battery, the charging process of the battery can be effectively controlled.
  • the method includes: if the first condition is not met and the fifth condition is met, stopping charging the battery; wherein the fifth condition includes: a difference between the preset current and the current of the battery in at least one of the K sampling times The difference is greater than the preset threshold.
  • the present application provides a battery charging control device, comprising: an acquisition module for acquiring the voltages of N battery cells in the Mth sampling period, wherein the Mth sampling period includes K sampling moments, and N A battery is composed of a number of battery cells, and N, M and K are positive integers; the acquisition module calculates the voltage of the battery at each of the K sampling moments based on the acquired voltage; the acquisition module is also used to acquire each of the K sampling moments.
  • the four conditions include: the difference between the preset current and the current of the battery at each of the K sampling times is smaller than the preset threshold.
  • the processing module stops charging the battery.
  • the battery can be stopped in time when the voltage changes abnormally. charge to avoid thermal runaway of the battery.
  • the charging current of the battery is switched, the voltage of the battery will also fluctuate due to the electrochemical characteristics of the battery.
  • the processing module detects that the battery current is not switched and the voltage of the battery is not monotonically increasing, then the battery is thermally out of control and stops charging the battery.
  • the processing module detects the current to the battery by the current acquisition module, which can effectively control the battery charging process.
  • the processing module is configured to: if the first condition is not satisfied and the fifth condition is satisfied, continue to charge the battery; wherein the fifth condition includes: the preset current and the current of the battery at at least one sampling time among the K sampling times The difference is greater than the preset threshold.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic flowchart of a battery charging control method according to Embodiment 1 of the present application.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic flowchart of a battery charging control method according to Embodiment 2 of the present application.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery charging control device according to Embodiment 3 of the present application.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery charging control device according to Embodiment 4 of the present application.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery charging control device according to Embodiment 5 of the present application.
  • the battery In electric vehicles and energy storage devices, the battery is the power source that provides the power source.
  • a power battery includes several battery cells connected in series and parallel. Due to the complex electrochemical performance of the power battery and the large number of battery cells, it is necessary to use a battery management system (Battery Management System, BMS) as the link between the battery and the user to detect the battery as a whole and the battery cells.
  • BMS Battery Management System
  • the voltage, current, temperature and other state parameters of the battery are analyzed and judged to improve the utilization rate of the battery, monitor the use state of the battery, prevent the battery from thermal runaway and other safety problems, and prolong the service life of the battery.
  • the battery management system can take corresponding measures against thermal runaway caused by overcharging. If the battery cells of the battery have internal micro-short circuit or short circuit and other abnormal conditions, the spark generated by the expansion and short circuit of the battery cell will instantly ignite the electrolyte inside the battery cell during the charging process, which will also lead to thermal runaway of the battery. For the above thermal runaway caused by non-overcharge, since there is no overcurrent, overvoltage or overtemperature in the current, voltage or temperature of the battery before failure, the BMS will not be triggered to perform thermal runaway processing.
  • the present application provides a battery charging control method and device, so that the BMS can effectively control the charging process of the battery without overcharging, and prevent the thermal runaway of the battery from occurring.
  • the battery in the embodiment of the present application may be a battery in an energy storage device, or may be a power battery in an electric vehicle, and the battery may be a lithium iron phosphate battery or a ternary battery, which is not limited herein.
  • the battery in the embodiment of the present application includes N battery cells, where N is a positive integer.
  • a battery cell may refer to a battery cell or a battery module composed of a plurality of battery cells in series, etc.
  • N battery cells form a battery, wherein the battery may be composed of a plurality of battery cells The body is connected in series.
  • the embodiment of the present application does not limit the specific form of the battery cell.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic flowchart of a battery charging control method according to Embodiment 1 of the present application. As shown in FIG. 1 , the battery charging control method in this embodiment may include steps S110 to S130.
  • the BMS obtains the voltage of the battery cells through voltage sampling, and can simultaneously obtain the voltages of the N battery cells at one sampling time. For a sampling period, one or more sampling instants can be included. That is, in one sampling period, such as the Mth sampling period, the voltages of the N battery cells at K sampling times in the sampling period can be obtained by sampling, where K is a positive integer.
  • a battery contains N battery cells connected in series, so the voltage of the battery is the sum of the voltages of the N battery cells contained in it.
  • the BMS calculates and obtains the voltage of the battery at each sampling instant in the period based on the voltage of each battery cell at each sampling instant in the K sampling instants of the Mth sampling period.
  • the voltages of the N battery cells are summed to obtain the voltage of the battery at the ith sampling time, where 1 ⁇ i ⁇ K.
  • the first condition includes: the voltage of the battery increases monotonically within the Mth sampling period;
  • the second condition includes: the trend of the fitting curve of the voltage of at least one of the N battery cells in the Mth sampling period is not rising.
  • the BMS obtains the voltage of the battery cell through sampling and calculates the voltage of the battery during the sampling period. If the trend is not rising, stop charging the battery.
  • the BMS determines that the battery cell has a risk of thermal runaway, and the battery cell is at risk of thermal runaway.
  • the battery cells are marked as abnormal battery cells.
  • the BMS determines that the voltage of the battery is at the Mth sampling time. Monotonically increasing within the period, where 1 ⁇ j ⁇ K-1.
  • the BMS can perform fitting processing on the voltage of the battery cell in the Mth sampling period, such as linear fitting, exponential fitting, or logarithmic fitting. combine. Based on the characteristics of the fitted curve, the BMS obtains the variation trend of the voltage of the battery cell within the sampling period.
  • linear fitting that is, performing linear fitting processing on the voltage of the battery cell in the Mth sampling period
  • the slope of the linear fitting curve is less than or equal to 0
  • the trend of the linear fitting curve is not rising, otherwise,
  • the linear fit curve has an upward trend.
  • the BMS establishes a two-dimensional data set for each sampling time of the Mth sampling period and the voltage of the battery cell corresponding to the sampling time, and uses the least squares method to solve the data set to obtain each battery cell in the sampling period.
  • the slope value of the linear regression equation For any battery cell, if the slope value of the linear fitting curve of the battery cell is less than or equal to 0, it indicates that the trend of the linear fitting curve is unchanged or decreasing, that is, the battery cell is in the Mth sampling period. The trend of the linear fitting curve within the battery cell is not rising; on the contrary, the trend of the linear fitting curve of the battery cell in the Mth sampling period is rising.
  • the base of the exponential fitting curve or logarithmic fitting curve is greater than 0 and less than or equal to 1, the trend of the fitting curve is not upward. Greater than 1, the exponential or log-fit curve has an upward trend.
  • BMS establishes a two-dimensional data set for the voltage of a battery cell corresponding to a certain sampling time in the M-th sampling cycle, and uses the least squares method to solve the data set to obtain the data set at this sampling cycle.
  • the base of the exponential regression equation for each cell For any battery cell, if the base of the fitted curve of the battery cell is greater than 0 and less than or equal to 1, it indicates that the trend of the exponential fitting curve is unchanged or decreased, that is, the battery cell is in the Mth sampling The trend of the exponential fitting curve in the period is not rising; on the contrary, if the base of the exponential fitting curve of the battery cell is greater than 1, the trend of the exponential fitting curve of the battery cell in the Mth sampling period is: rise.
  • BMS establishes a two-dimensional data set for the voltage of a battery cell corresponding to a certain sampling time in the Mth sampling period and the sampling time, and uses the least squares method to solve the data set to obtain each battery.
  • the base of the logarithmic regression equation for the monomer is the base of the logarithmic regression equation for the monomer.
  • the base of the logarithmic fitting curve of the battery cell is greater than 0 and less than or equal to 1, it indicates that the trend of the logarithmic fitting curve is unchanged or decreased, that is, the battery cell is in the first
  • the trend of the logarithmic fitting curve in the M sampling periods is not upward; on the contrary, if the base of the logarithmic fitting curve of the battery cell is greater than 1, the logarithmic fitting curve of the battery cell in the Mth sampling period
  • the trend of the composite curve is upward.
  • the BMS may perform fitting processing on the voltage of the at least one battery cell in each sampling period of multiple consecutive sampling periods.
  • each sampling period includes K. sampling time.
  • the Mth sampling period the (M+1)th sampling period, ... and the (M+P)th sampling period, in each of the above-mentioned sampling periods, obtain at least one battery cell of the above-mentioned N battery cells
  • the trend of the fitted curve of the voltage Specifically, the voltage of the at least one battery cell at each sampling time in consecutive P sampling periods after the M th sampling period is obtained, and the consecutive P sampling periods and the M th sampling period constitute a continuous P+1 sampling period, P is a positive integer.
  • the BMS performs judgment processing on the battery voltage in multiple consecutive sampling periods. For the Mth sampling period, the (M+1) sampling period, ... and the (M+P)th sampling period, the BMS obtains the battery voltage at each sampling moment in each of the above-mentioned sampling periods. If the voltage of the battery increases monotonically in each of the above-mentioned sampling periods, and the fitting of the voltage of at least one battery cell of the N battery cells of the battery in each of the above-mentioned P+1 consecutive sampling periods If the trend of the curve is not rising, stop charging the battery. That is, for continuous P+1 sampling periods, in each sampling period, the voltage of the battery increases monotonically, and the trend of the fitting curve of the voltage of at least one battery cell of the N battery cells of the battery does not increase. , stop charging the battery.
  • BMS can use linear fitting, logarithmic fitting Fit the voltage data of the battery cell by any fitting method of combination or exponential fitting.
  • the BMS may perform fitting processing on the voltage of the at least one battery cell in multiple consecutive sampling periods. Taking the Mth sampling period, the (M+1)th sampling period, ... and the (M+P)th sampling period as a combined sampling period, obtain the simulation of the voltage of the at least one battery cell in the combined sampling period. trend of the curve. If the voltage of the battery increases monotonically within the combined sampling period; and the trend of the voltage fitting curve of at least one of the N battery cells within the combined sampling period does not increase, then stop charging the battery.
  • the third condition includes: the trend of the fitting curve of the voltages of the N battery cells of the above-mentioned battery in the M th sampling period is rising.
  • the BMS acquires the current of the battery at each of the K sampling times, and stops charging the battery if the first condition is not met and the fourth condition is met.
  • the fourth condition includes: the difference between the preset current and the current of the battery at each of the K sampling times is smaller than the preset threshold.
  • the battery charging method in the embodiment of the present application is constant current charging, that is, the charging process is divided into several charging stages, each charging stage maintains a constant charging current, and the battery voltage increases with time. If the battery voltage drops in a certain sampling period, that is, the voltage change is not monotonically increasing, and the preset current and the current value of the battery at each sampling time in the sampling period are both smaller than the preset threshold, it means that at this time The battery does not switch to the next charging stage, the voltage drop is abnormal, and the battery has the risk of thermal runaway. Stop charging the battery.
  • the preset current value and the preset threshold value are both the values set by the BMS.
  • the preset threshold value may be 20% of the preset current value.
  • the fifth condition includes: the difference between the preset current and the current of the battery at at least one sampling moment of the K sampling moments greater than the preset threshold.
  • sampling period is used as an example for description below.
  • the battery contains 8 battery cells, the sampling period includes 10 sampling moments, and it is assumed that each sampling time interval is 1 second, that is, the BMS can obtain the voltage of the battery cells once every 1 second.
  • the BMS samples the voltages of all battery cells at each sampling moment. For this sampling period, the BMS can obtain the voltage data of 8 battery cells at 10 sampling moments, as follows:
  • the first number of the subscript represents the serial number of the battery cell
  • the second number represents the sampling time
  • the BMS calculates the voltage of the battery at each of the 10 sampling times. That is, for the first sampling moment, V 1,1 , V 2,1 , . . . , V 8,1 are summed to obtain V 1 , that is, the voltage of the battery in the first sampling moment. Similarly, the voltages V 2 to V 10 of the battery corresponding to the remaining nine sampling moments can be calculated.
  • the BMS subtracts the battery voltage at the j+1th sampling time and the battery voltage at the jth sampling time (1 ⁇ j ⁇ 9) to obtain the difference. If the voltage differences between all adjacent sampling moments are greater than 0, it is determined that the voltage of the battery increases monotonically within the sampling period.
  • the least squares method is used to solve the data set Q1 to obtain the slope value of the linear regression equation.
  • the slope value of the linear regression equation corresponding to each of the remaining 7 battery cells in the sampling period can be obtained. If there is at least one battery cell whose slope value of the linear regression equation is less than or equal to 0 (for example, the second battery cell, or the second and third battery cells), the BMS determines that the battery is at risk of thermal runaway and stops testing The battery is charged.
  • the BMS can perform linear fitting processing on the voltage of the at least one battery cell in three consecutive sampling periods, assuming the slope value of the voltage fitting curve of the battery cell in three consecutive sampling periods are less than or equal to 0, the BMS determines that the battery has a risk of thermal runaway and stops charging the battery.
  • multiple consecutive sampling periods such as three consecutive sampling periods, may be performed.
  • the processing for each sampling period of the consecutive multiple sampling periods is the same as the processing for the above-mentioned one sampling period, and details are not described herein again.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic flowchart of a battery charging control method according to Embodiment 2 of the present application. As shown in FIG. 2 , the battery charging control method in this embodiment may include steps S210 to S240.
  • the BMS calculates the voltage of the battery at each of the K sampling moments.
  • the BMS obtains the current of the battery at each sampling moment in the Mth sampling period.
  • the first condition includes: the voltage of the battery increases monotonically within the Mth sampling period;
  • the fourth condition includes: the difference between the preset current of the Mth sampling period and the current of the battery at each of the K sampling times is smaller than the preset threshold.
  • the battery charging method in the embodiment of the present application is constant current charging, that is, the charging process is divided into several charging stages, each charging stage maintains a constant charging current, and the battery voltage increases with time. If the battery voltage drops in a certain sampling period, that is, the voltage change is not monotonically increasing, and the preset current and the current value of the battery at each sampling time in the sampling period are both smaller than the preset threshold, it means that at this time The battery does not switch to the next charging stage, the voltage drop is abnormal, and the battery has the risk of thermal runaway. Stop charging the battery.
  • the preset current value and the preset threshold value are both the values set by the BMS.
  • the preset threshold value may be 20% of the preset current value.
  • the BMS may judge the current of the battery in each sampling period of multiple consecutive sampling periods.
  • each sampling period includes K sampling moments.
  • the current of the battery is obtained.
  • the current of the battery at each sampling moment in the consecutive P sampling periods after the Mth sampling period is obtained, and the consecutive P sampling periods and the above Mth sampling period constitute consecutive P+1 sampling periods, and P is positive integer.
  • the influence of current fluctuation on the accuracy is reduced, and the complexity of the algorithm is reduced.
  • the BMS can judge the current of the battery in multiple consecutive sampling periods. Taking the Mth sampling period, the (M+1)th sampling period, ... and the (M+P)th sampling period as a combined sampling period, obtain the preset current and the battery at each sampling moment in the combined sampling period If the voltage of the battery increases monotonically within the combined sampling period, and the difference is smaller than the preset threshold, then stop charging the battery.
  • the fifth condition includes: the preset current of the Mth sampling period and the battery within K The difference between the currents at at least one of the sampling instants is greater than a preset threshold.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery charging control device according to Embodiment 3 of the present application.
  • the battery charging control device 300 includes an acquisition module 310 and a processing module 320 .
  • the battery charging control device 300 in the embodiment of the present application may be a device with independent functions, or may be integrated in a BMS, which is not limited here.
  • the acquiring module 310 is configured to acquire the voltages of the N battery cells in the Mth sampling period.
  • the obtaining module 310 obtains the voltages of the battery cells, and can simultaneously obtain the voltages of the N battery cells of the battery at one sampling time. For a sampling period, one or more sampling instants can be included. That is, in one sampling period, such as the Mth sampling period, the voltages of the N battery cells at K sampling times in the sampling period can be obtained by sampling, where K is a positive integer.
  • the obtaining module 310 is further configured to calculate the voltage of the battery at each of the K sampling moments based on the above-mentioned voltage.
  • a battery contains N battery cells connected in series, so the voltage of the battery is the sum of the voltages of the N battery cells contained in it.
  • the obtaining module 310 calculates and obtains the voltage of the battery at each sampling instant in the period based on the voltage of each battery cell at each sampling instant in the K sampling instants of the M-th sampling period.
  • the obtaining module 310 is configured to sum the voltages of N battery cells at the ith sampling time to obtain the voltage of the battery at the ith sampling time, where 1 ⁇ i ⁇ K.
  • the processing module 320 is configured to stop charging the battery if the first condition is satisfied and the second condition is satisfied.
  • the first condition includes: the voltage of the battery increases monotonically in the Mth sampling period;
  • the second condition includes: the trend of the fitting curve of the voltage of at least one battery cell of the N battery cells in the Mth sampling period Not for rising.
  • the battery voltage is calculated from the battery cell voltage inside the battery, and it is judged that when the battery voltage increases monotonically in a sampling period, if the voltage change trend of the voltage of some battery cells in the sampling period does not change In order to increase, it is likely that this part of the battery cells has an internal short circuit, and the change trend of the voltage of each battery cell is detected by fitting the curve. When an abnormality occurs, the battery charging circuit is cut off and the battery stops charging. Effectively control the battery charging process.
  • the processing module 320 is further configured to determine that for the Mth sampling period, if the difference between the voltage of the battery at the j+1th sampling time and the voltage difference of the battery at the jth sampling time is greater than 0, the processing module 320 It is determined that the voltage of the battery increases monotonically in the Mth sampling period, where 1 ⁇ j ⁇ K-1.
  • the processing module 320 may perform a fitting process on the voltage of the battery cell in the Mth sampling period, such as linear fitting, exponential fitting, or matching. number fit.
  • the processing module 320 obtains the variation trend of the voltage of the battery cell within the sampling period based on the characteristics of the fitted curve.
  • linear fitting that is, performing linear fitting processing on the voltage of the battery cell in the Mth sampling period
  • the slope of the linear fitting curve is less than or equal to 0
  • the trend of the linear fitting curve is not rising, otherwise,
  • the linear fit curve has an upward trend.
  • the processing module 320 judges the N battery cells of the battery, if the trend of the fitting curve of the voltage of at least one battery cell in the Mth sampling period is not rising, and the voltage of the battery is in the Mth sampling period If it increases monotonically, the battery stops charging.
  • the processing module 320 may perform fitting processing on the voltage of the at least one battery cell in multiple consecutive sampling periods.
  • the processing module 320 may use linear fitting,
  • the voltage data of the battery cell can be fitted by any fitting method of numerical fitting or exponential fitting.
  • the processing module 320 may be configured to perform fitting processing on the voltage of the at least one battery cell in a plurality of consecutive sampling periods. Taking the Mth sampling period, the (M+1)th sampling period, ... and the (M+P)th sampling period as a combined sampling period, obtain the simulation of the voltage of the at least one battery cell in the combined sampling period. trend of the curve.
  • the obtaining module 310 is further configured to obtain the current of the battery at each of the K sampling moments
  • the processing module 320 is further configured to, if the above-mentioned first condition is satisfied and the third condition is satisfied, determine the current of the battery. If the battery is not abnormal, that is, continue to charge the battery; wherein, the third condition includes: the trend of the fitting curve of the voltages of the N battery cells of the battery in the Mth sampling period is rising.
  • the obtaining module 310 is further configured to obtain the current of the battery at each of the K sampling moments
  • the processing module 320 is further configured to stop if the first condition is not met and the fourth condition is met. Charge the battery.
  • the fourth condition includes: the difference between the preset current of the Mth sampling period and the current of the battery at each of the K sampling times is smaller than the preset threshold.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery charging control device according to Embodiment 4 of the present application.
  • the battery charging control device 400 includes an acquisition module 410 and a processing module 420 .
  • the acquiring module 410 is configured to acquire the voltages of the N battery cells in the Mth sampling period.
  • the obtaining module 410 obtains the voltages of the battery cells through voltage sampling, and can simultaneously obtain the voltages of the N battery cells of the battery at one sampling time. For a sampling period, one or more sampling instants K may be included. That is, in one sampling period, for example, the Mth sampling period, the voltages of the N battery cells at each sampling time can be acquired through sampling.
  • the acquiring module 410 is further configured to calculate the voltage of the battery at each of the K sampling moments based on the above-mentioned voltage.
  • a battery contains N battery cells, so the voltage of the battery is the sum of the voltages of the N battery cells contained in it.
  • the obtaining module 410 calculates and obtains the voltage of the battery at each sampling time in the above-mentioned Mth sampling cycle based on the voltage of each battery cell at each sampling time in the above-mentioned Mth sampling cycle.
  • the obtaining module 410 is configured to sum the voltages of N battery cells at the ith sampling time to obtain the voltage of the battery at the ith sampling time, where 1 ⁇ i ⁇ K.
  • the acquisition module 410 is further configured to acquire the current of the battery at each of the K sampling moments.
  • the processing module 420 is used for judging that if the first condition is not satisfied and the fourth condition is satisfied, then stop charging the battery.
  • the first condition includes: the voltage of the battery increases monotonically within the Mth sampling period;
  • the fourth condition includes: the difference between the preset current of the Mth sampling period and the current of the battery at each of the K sampling times is smaller than the preset threshold.
  • the battery charging method in the embodiment of the present application is constant current charging, that is, the charging process is divided into several charging stages, each charging stage maintains a constant charging current, and the battery voltage increases with time. If the battery voltage drops in a certain sampling period, that is, the voltage change is not monotonically increasing, and the preset current and the current value of the battery at each sampling time in the sampling period are both smaller than the preset threshold, it means that at this time If the battery is not switched to the next charging stage, the voltage drop is an abnormal phenomenon, the battery has a risk of thermal runaway, and the charging of the battery is stopped.
  • the battery charging can be effectively controlled, and the thermal runaway of the battery can be avoided.
  • the preset threshold value may be 20% of the preset current value.
  • the processing module 420 may judge the current of the battery acquired by the acquisition module 410 in each sampling period of multiple consecutive sampling periods. It should be noted that each sampling period includes K. sampling time.
  • the processing module 420 is further configured to judge that if the first condition is not met and the fifth condition is met, continue to charge the battery, that is, continue to charge the battery; wherein, the fifth condition includes: the pre-prediction of the Mth sampling period. It is assumed that the difference between the current and the current of the battery at at least one sampling instant of the K sampling instants is greater than a preset threshold.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery charging control device according to Embodiment 5 of the present application.
  • the battery charging control device 500 includes a memory 510 and a processor 520, wherein the memory 510 is used for storing instructions, and the processor 520 is used for executing the above-mentioned battery charging control method based on the instructions.
  • Embodiments of the present application further provide a readable storage medium for storing a computer program, where the computer program is used to execute the above battery charging control method.
  • multiple refers to two or more (including two), and similarly, “multiple groups” refers to two or more groups (including two groups), and “multiple sheets” refers to two or more sheets (includes two pieces).

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Abstract

本申请提供了一种电池充电控制方法和装置。通过获取第M个采样周期的N个电池单体的电压，计算该采样周期的K个采样时刻中每一个采样时刻的电池的电压；若电池的电压在第M个采样周期内单调递增且N个电池单体的至少一个电池单体在该采样周期的电压的拟合曲线的趋势不为上升，则停止对电池充电。

Description

一种电池充电控制方法和装置
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求享有于2019年9月18日提交的名称为“一种电池充电控制方法和装置”的中国专利申请2020109871569的优先权，该申请的全部内容通过引用并入本文中。
技术领域
本申请属于电池技术领域，尤其涉及一种电池充电控制方法及装置。
背景技术
随着新能源的发展，越来越多的领域采用新能源作为动力。由于具有能量密度高、可循环充电、安全环保等优点，动力电池被广泛应用于新能源纯电动汽车中。然而近年来，随着动力电池的推广应用，因充电过程中电池内部短路导致的事故时有发生，例如因电池温度骤升、冒烟、起火甚至爆炸的热失控事故，对消费者的人身安全和财产安全造成威胁。
因此，如何对电池充电过程进行有效控制，防止发生热失控至关重要。
发明内容
本申请提供了一种电池充电控制方法及装置，能够有效地对电池充电进行控制。
第一方面，本申请提供一种电池充电控制方法，包括：获取第M个采样周期的N个电池单体的电压，其中，第M个采样周期包括K个采样时刻，N个电池单体组成电池，N、M和K为正整数；基于获取的电压，计算K个采样时刻中每一个采样时刻的电池的电压；若满足第一条件且满足第二条件，则停止对电池充电；其中，第一条件包括：电池的电压在第M个采样周期内单调递增；第二条件包括：N个电池单体的至少一个电池单体在第M个采样周期的电压的拟合曲线的趋势不为上升。
对于包含至少一个电池单体的电池来说，在充电过程中，在电池的电压在第M个采样周期内单调递增且至少一个电池单体在第M个采样周期的电压的拟合曲线的趋势不为上升的情况下，停止对该电池进行充电。既考虑电池的电压在采样周期内的变化情况，又考虑电池单体的电压在该采样周期的变化情况，根据电池的电压以及电池单体的电压，可以在电压变化异常时及时停止对电池进行充电，从而避免电池发生热失控，有效地对电池充电过程进行控制。
在一种可实现的方式中，获取第二条件中N个电池单体的至少一个电池单体在第M个采样周期后的连续P个采样周期的电压，连续P个采样周期与第M个采样周期构 成连续P+1个采样周期，P为正整数；其中，第二条件还包括：N个电池单体的至少一个电池单体在连续P个采样周期的每一个采样周期的电压的拟合曲线的趋势均不为上升。
通过多个连续采样周期对电池单体的电压进行判断，可以避免电压波动等偶然因素带来的影响，进一步增加对电池充电控制的准确性。
优选地，若拟合曲线为线性拟合曲线，则第二条件中的拟合曲线的趋势不为上升包括：线性拟合曲线的斜率小于等于0，拟合曲线的趋势为上升包括：线性拟合曲线的斜率大于0；或者，若拟合曲线为指数拟合曲线或对数拟合曲线，则拟合曲线的趋势不为上升包括：指数拟合曲线或对数拟合曲线的底数大于0且小于等于1，拟合曲线的趋势为上升包括：指数拟合曲线或对数拟合曲线的底数大于1。
优选地，电池的电压在第M个采样周期内单调递增，具体包括：第j+1个采样时刻的电池的电压与第j个采样时刻的电池的电压差值大于0，其中，1≤j≤K-1。
优选地，计算K个采样时刻中每一个采样时刻的电池的电压，具体包括：将第i个采样时刻的N个电池单体的电压进行求和获取第i个采样时刻的电池的电压，其中，1≤i≤K。
优选地，获取K个采样时刻中每一个采样时刻的电池的电流。若满足第一条件且满足第三条件，则继续对电池充电；其中，第三条件包括：N个电池单体在第M个采样周期的电压的拟合曲线的趋势均为上升。
优选地，获取K个采样时刻中每一个采样时刻的电池的电流。若不满足第一条件且满足第四条件，则停止对电池充电；其中，第四条件包括：预设电流与K个采样时刻中每一个采样时刻的电池的电流的差值均小于预设阈值，其中预设电流为电池在第M个采样周期的预设值。
在电池的充电电流发生切换时，由于电池的电化学特性，电池的电压也会随之出现波动现象。若电池电流未发生切换，但电池的电压不为单调递增，则此时电池存在热失控风险，通过对电池的电流进行检测，可以有效地对电池充电过程进行控制。
优选地，获取K个采样时刻中每一个采样时刻的电池的电流。若不满足第一条件且满足第五条件，则停止对电池充电；其中，第五条件包括：预设电流与K个采样时刻中至少一个采样时刻的电池的电流的差值大于预设阈值。
第二方面，本申请提供一种电池充电控制装置，包括：获取模块，用于获取第M 个采样周期的N个电池单体的电压，其中，第M个采样周期包括K个采样时刻，N个电池单体组成电池，N、M和K为正整数；获取模块还用于基于获取的电压，计算K个采样时刻中每一个采样时刻的电池的电压。处理模块，用于若满足第一条件且满足第二条件，则停止对电池充电；其中，第一条件包括：电池的电压在第M个采样周期内单调递增；第二条件包括：N个电池单体的至少一个电池单体在第M个采样周期的电压的拟合曲线的趋势不为上升。
对于包含至少一个电池单体的电池来说，在充电过程中，在电池的电压在第M个采样周期内单调递增且至少一个电池单体在第M个采样周期的电压的拟合曲线的趋势不为上升的情况下，处理模块停止对该电池进行充电。既考虑电池的电压在采样周期内的变化情况，又考虑电池单体的电压在该采样周期的变化情况，根据电池的电压以及电池单体的电压，可以在电压变化异常时及时停止对电池进行充电，从而避免电池发生热失控，有效地对电池充电过程进行控制。
优选地，获取模块获取至少一个电池单体在第M个采样周期后的连续P个采样周期的电压，连续P个采样周期与第M个采样周期构成连续P+1个采样周期，P为正整数；处理模块具体用于：若满足第一条件且满足第二条件，则停止对电池充电；第二条件还包括：N个电池单体的至少一个电池单体在连续P个采样周期的每一个采样周期的电压的拟合曲线的趋势均不为上升。
处理模块通过多个连续采样周期对电池单体的电压进行判断，可以避免电压波动等偶然因素带来的影响，进一步增加对电池充电控制的准确性。
优选地，若满足第一条件且满足第二条件，处理模块停止对电池充电；若第二条件中的拟合曲线为线性拟合曲线，则拟合曲线的趋势不为上升包括：线性拟合曲线的斜率小于等于0，拟合曲线的趋势为上升包括：线性拟合曲线的斜率大于0；或者，若拟合曲线为指数拟合曲线或对数拟合曲线，则拟合曲线的趋势不为上升包括：指数拟合曲线或对数拟合曲线的底数大于0且小于等于1，拟合曲线的趋势为上升包括：指数拟合曲线或对数拟合曲线的底数大于1。
优选地，处理模块用于：若第j+1个采样时刻的电池的电压与第j个采样时刻的电池的电压差值均大于0，则确定电池的电压在第M个采样周期内单调递增，其中，1≤j≤K-1。
优选地，获取模块具体用于将K个采样时刻中每一个采样时刻的N个电池单体的 电压进行求和，得到K个采样时刻中每一个采样时刻的电池的电压，其中，1≤i≤K。
优选地，获取模块还用于获取所述K个采样时刻中每一个采样时刻的所述电池的电流；处理模块还用于若满足第一条件且满足第三条件，处理模块继续对电池充电。其中，第三条件包括：N个电池单体在第M个采样周期的电压的拟合曲线的趋势均为上升。
优选地，获取模块还用于获取K个采样时刻中每一个采样时刻的电池的电流；处理模块还用于若不满足第一条件且满足第四条件，则停止对电池充电；其中，第四条件包括：预设电流与K个采样时刻中每一个采样时刻的电池的电流的差值均小于预设阈值，其中所述预设电流为所述电池在所述第M个采样周期的预设值。
在电池的充电电流发生切换时，由于电池的电化学特性，电池的电压也会随之出现波动现象。若处理模块检测到电池电流未发生切换，而电池的电压不为单调递增，则此时电池发生热失控，停止对电池充电。处理模块检测由电流获取模块对电池的电流，可以有效地对电池充电过程进行控制。
优选地，处理模块用于：若不满足第一条件且满足第五条件，则继续对电池充电；其中，第五条件包括：预设电流与K个采样时刻中至少一个采样时刻的电池的电流的差值大于预设阈值。
第三方面，本申请还提供一种电池充电控制方法，包括：获取第M个采样周期的N个电池单体的电压，其中，采样周期包括K个采样时刻，N个电池单体组成电池，N、M和K为正整数；基于获取的电压，计算K个采样时刻中每一个采样时刻的电池的电压；获取K个采样时刻中每一个采样时刻的电池的电流；若不满足第一条件且满足第四条件，则停止对电池充电；其中，第一条件包括：电池的电压在第M个采样周期内单调递增；第四条件包括：预设电流与K个采样时刻的每一个采样时刻中电池的电流的差值均小于预设阈值，其中预设电流为电池在第M个采样周期的预设值。
对于包含至少一个电池单体的电池来说，在充电过程中，在电池的电压在第M个采样周期内单调递增且至少一个电池单体在第M个采样周期的电压的拟合曲线的趋势不为上升的情况下，停止对该电池进行充电。既考虑电池的电压在采样周期内的变化情况，又考虑电池单体的电压在该采样周期的变化情况，根据电池的电压以及电池单体的电压，可以在电压变化异常时及时停止对电池进行充电，从而避免电池发生热失控。在电池的充电电流发生切换时，由于电池的电化学特性，电池的电压也会随之出 现波动现象。若电池的电压不为单调递增，且电池电流未发生切换，则此时电池存在热失控风险，通过对电池的电流进行检测，可以有效地对电池充电过程进行控制。
优选地，该方法包括：若不满足第一条件且满足第五条件，则停止对电池充电；其中，第五条件包括：预设电流与K个采样时刻的至少一个采样时刻中电池的电流的差值大于预设阈值。
第四方面，本申请提供一种电池充电控制装置，包括：获取模块，用于获取第M个采样周期的N个电池单体的电压，其中，第M个采样周期包括K个采样时刻，N个电池单体组成电池，N、M和K为正整数；获取模块基于获取的电压，计算K个采样时刻中每一个采样时刻的电池的电压；获取模块还用于获取K个采样时刻中每一个采样时刻的电池的电流；处理模块，若不满足第一条件且满足第四条件，则停止对电池充电；其中，第一条件包括：电池的电压在第M个采样周期内单调递增；第四条件包括：预设电流与K个采样时刻中每一个采样时刻的电池的电流的差值均小于预设阈值。
对于包含至少一个电池单体的电池来说，在充电过程中，在电池的电压在第M个采样周期内单调递增且至少一个电池单体在第M个采样周期的电压的拟合曲线的趋势不为上升的情况下，处理模块停止对该电池进行充电。既考虑电池的电压在采样周期内的变化情况，又考虑电池单体的电压在该采样周期的变化情况，根据电池的电压以及电池单体的电压，可以在电压变化异常时及时停止对电池进行充电，从而避免电池发生热失控。在电池的充电电流发生切换时，由于电池的电化学特性，电池的电压也会随之出现波动现象。若处理模块检测到电池电流未发生切换，而电池的电压不为单调递增，则此时电池发生热失控，停止对电池充电。处理模块检测由电流获取模块对电池的电流，可以有效地对电池充电过程进行控制。
优选地，处理模块用于：若不满足第一条件且满足第五条件，则继续对电池充电；其中，第五条件包括：预设电流与K个采样时刻的至少一个采样时刻的电池的电流的差值大于预设阈值。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请的技术方案，下面将对本申请所需要使用的附图作简单的介绍，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本申请实施例一提供的一种电池充电控制方法的流程示意图。
图2为本申请实施例二提供的一种电池充电控制方法的流程示意图。
图3为本申请实施例三提供的一种电池充电控制装置的结构示意图。
图4为本申请实施例四提供的一种电池充电控制装置的结构示意图。
图5为本申请实施例五提供的一种电池充电控制装置的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面将详细描述本申请的各个方面的特征和示例性实施例。在下面的详细描述中，提出了许多具体细节，以便提供对本申请的全面理解。但是，对于本领域技术人员来说很明显的是，本申请可以在不需要这些具体细节中的一些细节的情况下实施。下面对实施例的描述仅仅是为了通过示出本申请的示例来提供对本申请的更好的理解。本申请决不限于下面所提出的任何具体配置和算法，而是在不脱离本申请的精神的前提下覆盖了元素、部件和算法的任何修改、替换和改进。在附图和下面的描述中，没有示出公知的结构和技术，以便避免对本申请造成不必要的模糊。
需要说明的是，在本文中，诸如第一和第二等之类的关系术语仅仅用来将一个实体或者操作与另一个实体或操作区分开来，而不一定要求或者暗示这些实体或操作之间存在任何这种实际的关系或者顺序。而且，术语“包括”、“包含”或者其任何其他变体意在涵盖非排他性的包含，从而使得包括一系列要素的过程、方法、物品或者设备不仅包括那些要素，而且还包括没有明确列出的其他要素，或者是还包括为这种过程、方法、物品或者设备所固有的要素。在没有更多限制的情况下，由语句“包括……”限定的要素，并不排除在包括要素的过程、方法、物品或者设备中还存在另外的相同要素。
在电动汽车和储能装置中，电池是为其提供动力来源的电源，通常一个动力电池会包括若干个通过串、并联连接的电池单体。由于动力电池的电化学性能复杂，且电池单体的数量较多，因此需要采用电池管理系统(Battery Management System，BMS)作为电池与用户之间的纽带，用于检测电池整体，以及电池单体的电压、电流、温度等状态参数，并对检测数据进行分析判断，以提高电池的利用率，监控电池的使用状态，防止电池发生热失控等安全问题，延长电池的使用寿命。
目前在电池充电过程中，电池管理系统可以对由于过充引起的热失控采取相应的措施。如果电池的电池单体存在内部微短路或短路等异常情况，则在充电过程中因电 芯膨胀和短路产生的火花瞬间点燃电芯内部的电解液，也会引发电池热失控。对于上述非过充引起的热失控，因失效前电池的电流、电压或温度并没有出现过流、过压或过温的情形，并不会触发BMS进行热失控处理。
基于此，本申请提供一种电池充电控制方法和装置，使BMS可以在非过充的情况下对电池的充电过程进行有效控制，防止发生电池热失控。
本申请实施例中的电池可以是储能装置中的电池，或者可以是电动车辆内的动力电池，电池可以是磷酸铁锂电池，或是三元电池，在此不做限定。本申请实施例中的电池包括N个电池单体，N为正整数。针对本申请实施例中的电池单体，电池单体可以指电芯或由多个电芯串联组合成的电池模组等，N个电池单体组成一个电池，其中电池可以由多个电池单体串联而成。本申请实施例对电池单体的具体形式不作限定。
图1为本申请实施例一提供的一种电池充电控制方法的流程示意图。如图1所示，本实施例中的电池充电控制方法可以包括步骤S110至S130。
S110，获取第M个采样周期的N个电池单体的电压。
BMS通过电压采样获取电池单体的电压，在一个采样时刻可以同时获取该N个电池单体的电压。对于一个采样周期，可以包含一个或多个采样时刻。即在一个采样周期，譬如第M个采样周期，可以通过采样获取该N个电池单体在该采样周期的K个采样时刻的电压，K为正整数。
S120，基于获得的电压，计算K个采样时刻中每一个采样时刻的电池的电压。
一个电池中包含串联的N个电池单体，因此电池的电压为其内部所包含的N个电池单体的电压之和。BMS基于上述第M个采样周期的K个采样时刻中每个采样时刻的每个电池单体的电压，计算获得该周期内每个采样时刻的电池的电压。
可选的，在第i个采样时刻，对N个电池单体的电压进行求和得到该第i个采样时刻该电池的电压，其中，1≤i≤K。
S130，若满足第一条件且满足第二条件，则停止对电池充电。
其中，第一条件包括：电池的电压在第M个采样周期内单调递增；
第二条件包括：N个电池单体的至少一个电池单体在第M个采样周期的电压的拟合曲线的趋势不为上升。
在电池充电过程中，BMS通过采样获取电池单体的电压并计算采样周期内电池的电压，若电池的电压在采样周期内单调递增，且至少一个电池单体的电压在该采样周 期的电压变化趋势不为上升，停止对电池进行充电。利用上述技术方案可以有效地对电池充电进行控制，避免电池发生热失控。
可选的，若电池的电压在一个采样周期内单调递增，且至少一个电池单体的电压在该采样周期的电压变化趋势不为上升，则BMS确定该电池单体有热失控风险，将该电池单体标记为异常电池单体。
可选的，对于第M个采样周期，若第j+1个采样时刻的电池的电压与第j个采样时刻的电池的电压差值均大于0，则BMS判定电池的电压在第M个采样周期内单调递增，其中，1≤j≤K-1。
可选的，为了获取电池单体的电压在采样周期内的变化趋势，BMS可以对第M个采样周期的电池单体的电压进行拟合处理，譬如线性拟合、指数拟合或者对数拟合。基于拟合的曲线的特征，BMS获取电池单体的电压在采样周期内的变化趋势。
对于线性拟合(即对第M个采样周期的电池单体的电压进行线性拟合处理)，若线性拟合曲线的斜率小于等于0，则该线性拟合曲线的趋势不为上升，反之，该线性拟合曲线的趋势为上升。
具体的，BMS对第M个采样周期每一个采样时刻与该采样时刻对应的电池单体的电压建立二维数据组，利用最小二乘法对数据组进行求解得到在该采样周期每一个电池单体的线性回归方程的斜率值。对于任意一个电池单体，若该电池单体的线性拟合曲线的斜率值小于等于0，表明该线性拟合曲线的趋势是不变或下降的，即该电池单体在第M个采样周期内的线性拟合曲线的趋势不为上升；反之，该电池单体在第M个采样周期内的线性拟合曲线的趋势为上升。
对于指数拟合或对数拟合，若指数拟合曲线或对数拟合曲线的底数大于0且小于等于1，则拟合曲线的趋势不为上升，若指数或对数拟合曲线的底数大于1，该指数或对数拟合曲线的趋势为上升。
具体的，对于指数拟合，BMS对第M个采样周期某一个采样时刻与该采样时刻对应的电池单体的电压建立二维数据组，利用最小二乘法对数据组进行求解得到在该采样周期每一个电池单体的指数回归方程的底数。对于任意一个电池单体，若该电池单体的拟合曲线的底数大于0且小于等于1，表明该指数拟合曲线的趋势是不变或下降的，即该电池单体在第M个采样周期内的指数拟合曲线的趋势不为上升；反之，若该电池单体的指数拟合曲线的底数大于1，则该电池单体在第M个采样周期内的指数拟 合曲线的趋势为上升。
同理，对于对数拟合，BMS对第M个采样周期某一个采样时刻与该采样时刻对应的电池单体的电压建立二维数据组，利用最小二乘法对数据组进行求解得到每一个电池单体的对数回归方程的底数。对于任意一个电池单体，若该电池单体的对数拟合曲线的底数大于0且小于等于1，表明该对数拟合曲线的趋势是不变或下降的，即该电池单体在第M个采样周期内的对数拟合曲线的趋势不为上升；反之，若该电池单体的对数拟合曲线的底数大于1，该电池单体在第M个采样周期内的对数拟合曲线的趋势为上升。
对于该电池的N个电池单体，若至少一个电池单体在第M个采样周期的电压的拟合曲线的趋势不为上升，且该电池的电压在该第M个采样周期内单调递增，则对电池停止充电。
可选的，为了避免电压波动的影响，BMS可以在连续多个采样周期的每一个采样周期对上述至少一个电池单体的电压进行拟合处理，需要说明的是，每个采样周期都包括K个采样时刻。在第M个采样周期，第(M+1)个采样周期，…和第(M+P)个采样周期，在上述每个采样周期内，获取上述N个电池单体的至少一个电池单体的电压的拟合曲线的趋势。具体的，获取上述至少一个电池单体在该第M个采样周期后的连续P个采样周期中每个采样时刻的电压，该连续P个采样周期与上述第M个采样周期构成连续P+1个采样周期，P为正整数。
若该电池的电压在该第M个采样周期内单调递增；且N个电池单体的至少一个电池单体在连续P+1个采样周期的每一个采样周期的电压的拟合曲线的趋势均不为上升，则停止对电池充电。
可选的，P＝2，即在连续3个采样周期对上述至少一个电池单体的电压进行拟合处理，既避免了电压波动对精度的影响，又降低了算法复杂度。
可选的，BMS对电池电压在连续多个采样周期内进行判断处理。对于第M个采样周期，(M+1)个采样周期，…和第(M+P)个采样周期，BMS在上述每个采样周期内，获取每一个采样时刻的电池电压。如果在上述每个采样周期内，电池的电压均单调递增，且该电池的N个电池单体的至少一个电池单体在上述P+1个连续采样周期的每一个采样周期的电压的拟合曲线的趋势不为上升，则停止对电池充电。即对于连续P+1个采样周期，在每个采样周期内，电池的电压单调递增，且该电池的N个电池 单体的至少一个电池单体的电压的拟合曲线的趋势均不为上升，则停止对电池充电。
可选的，在第M个采样周期，第(M+1)个采样周期，…和第(M+P)个采样周期，对于上述每个采样周期，BMS可以使用线性拟合、对数拟合或者指数拟合的任意一种拟合方式对电池单体的电压数据进行拟合。
可选的，BMS可以在连续多个采样周期对上述至少一个电池单体的电压进行拟合处理。将第M个采样周期，第(M+1)个采样周期，…和第(M+P)个采样周期作为一个合并采样周期，获取上述至少一个电池单体的电压在该合并采样周期的拟合曲线的趋势。若该电池的电压在该合并采样周期内单调递增；且N个电池单体的至少一个电池单体在该合并采样周期内的电压拟合曲线的趋势不为上升，则停止对电池充电。
上述技术方案可以在合理的范围内自由组合，本申请不做具体限定，可选的，P＝2，既避免了电压波动对精度的影响，又降低了算法复杂度。
可选的，若满足上述第一条件且满足第三条件，则确定电池未发生异常，即继续对电池充电。其中，该第三条件包括：上述电池的N个电池单体在该第M个采样周期的电压的拟合曲线的趋势为上升。
可选的，BMS获取所述K个采样时刻中每一个采样时刻的所述电池的电流，若不满足第一条件且满足第四条件，则停止对电池充电。其中，第四条件包括：预设电流与K个采样时刻中每一个采样时刻的电池的电流的差值均小于预设阈值。
针对第四条件，本申请实施例中电池的充电方法为恒流充电，即将充电过程分为若干个充电阶段，每一个充电阶段保持恒定的充电电流，电池电压随着时间的变化而增大。若在某一个采样周期内电池电压发生跌落现象，即电压变化不为单调递增，且预设电流与该采样周期内的每一个采样时刻的电池的电流值均小于预设阈值，则说明此时电池未切换至下一个充电阶段，电压跌落为异常现象，电池有热失控风险，停止对电池进行充电，其中预设电流值和预设阈值都是BMS设定的值。利用上述技术方案可以有效地对电池充电过程进行控制，避免电池发生热失控。
可选的，预设阈值可以是预设电流值的20％。
可选的，若不满足第一条件且满足第五条件，则继续对电池充电；其中，该第五条件包括：预设电流与K个采样时刻的至少一个采样时刻的电池的电流的差值大于预设阈值。
为了便于说明，下面以一个采样周期作为示例进行说明。在该示例中，电池包含 8个电池单体，该采样周期包括10个采样时刻，假设每个采样时刻间隔1秒，即BMS每1秒可以获取一次电池单体的电压。
BMS在每一个采样时刻对所有电池单体的电压进行采样，对于该采样周期，BMS可以获得8个电池单体在10个采样时刻的电压数据，具体如下：
Figure PCTCN2021114612-appb-000001
其中，下标的第一个数字代表电池单体的序号，第二个数字代表采样时刻。
BMS基于上述电压数据，计算10个采样时刻中每一个采样时刻的电池的电压。即对于第一个采样时刻，对V 1,1，V 2,1，…，V 8,1进行求和得到V 1，即第一个采样时刻中电池的电压。同理可以计算得出其余9个采样时刻对应的电池的电压V 2至V 10。
BMS将第j+1个采样时刻的电池的电压与第j个采样时刻的电池电压进行相减(1≤j≤9)得到差值。若所有相邻采样时刻的电压差值均大于0，则确定电池的电压在该采样周期内单调递增。
BMS对该采样周期的第一个电池单体的电压与对应的采样时刻建立二维数据组Q 1＝(x 1,V 1),(x 2,V 2),…,(x 10,V 10)，其中，x i(i＝1,2,…,n)为采样时刻。利用最小二乘法对数据组Q 1进行求解得到线性回归方程的斜率值，同理可以得到其余7个电池单体中每一个电池单体在该采样周期对应的线性回归方程的斜率值。若存在至少一个电池单体的线性回归方程的斜率值小于等于0(例如第2个电池单体，或第2个和第3个电池单体)，则BMS确定电池有热失控风险，停止对电池进行充电。
为了避免电压波动的影响，BMS可以在连续3个采样周期对上述至少一个电池单体的电压进行线性拟合处理，假设该电池单体在连续3个采样周期中的电压拟合曲线的斜率值均小于等于0，则BMS确定电池有热失控风险，停止对电池进行充电。
为了提升判断准确性，可以对多个连续采样周期内，譬如连续3个采样周期。对于该连续多个采样周期的每一个采样周期的处理与上述一个采样周期的处理相同，此处不再赘述。
图2为本申请实施例二提供的一种电池充电控制方法的流程示意图。如图2所示，本实施例中的电池充电控制方法可以包括步骤S210至S240。
S210，获取第M个采样周期的N个电池单体的电压。
需要说明的是，该步骤的具体内容可参加本申请实施例一S110的相关描述，不再赘述。
S220，基于上述电压，BMS计算K个采样时刻中每一个采样时刻的电池的电压。
需要说明的是，该步骤的具体内容可参加本申请实施例一S120的相关描述，不再赘述。
S230，获取K个采样时刻中每一个采样时刻的电池的电流。
BMS获取电池在第M个采样周期中每一个采样时刻的电流。
S240，若不满足第一条件且满足第四条件，则停止对电池充电。
其中，第一条件包括：电池的电压在第M个采样周期内单调递增；
第四条件包括：第M个采样周期的预设电流与电池在K个采样时刻的每一个采样时刻的电流的差值均小于预设阈值。
针对第四条件，本申请实施例中电池的充电方法为恒流充电，即将充电过程分为若干个充电阶段，每一个充电阶段保持恒定的充电电流，电池电压随着时间的变化而增大。若在某一个采样周期内电池电压发生跌落现象，即电压变化不为单调递增，且预设电流与该采样周期内的每一个采样时刻的电池的电流值均小于预设阈值，则说明此时电池未切换至下一个充电阶段，电压跌落为异常现象，电池有热失控风险，停止对电池进行充电，其中预设电流值和预设阈值都是BMS设定的值。利用上述技术方案可以有效地对电池充电进行控制，避免电池发生热失控。
可选的，预设阈值可以是预设电流值的20％。
可选的，为了避免电流波动的影响，BMS可以在连续多个采样周期的每一个采样周期对电池的电流进行判断，需要说明的是，每个采样周期都包括K个采样时刻。在第M个采样周期，第(M+1)个采样周期，…和第(M+P)个采样周期，在上述每个采样周期内，获取电池的电流。具体的，获取第M个采样周期后的连续P个采样周期中每个采样时刻的电池的电流，该连续P个采样周期与上述第M个采样周期构成连续P+1个采样周期，P为正整数。
若该电池的电压在上述每个采样周期内均不为单调递增，且预设电流与电池在连续P+1个采样周期的每一个采样时刻的电流的差值均小于预设阈值，则停止对电池充电。
可选的，P＝2，即获取连续3个采样周期对电池的电流并计算预设电流与每一个 采样时刻的电池的电流的差值，并将差值与预设阈值进行对比，既避免了电流波动对精度的影响，又降低了算法复杂度。
可选的，BMS可以在连续多个采样周期对电池的电流进行判断。将第M个采样周期，第(M+1)个采样周期，…和第(M+P)个采样周期作为一个合并采样周期，获取预设电流和该合并采样周期内每一个采样时刻的电池的电流的差值，若该电池的电压在该合并采样周期内单调递增，且差值均小于预设阈值，则停止对电池充电。
上述技术方案可以在合理的范围内自由组合，本申请不做具体限定，可选的，P＝2，既避免了电流波动对精度的影响，又降低了算法复杂度。
可选的，若不满足第一条件且满足第五条件，则继续对电池充电，即继续对电池充电；其中，该第五条件包括：第M个采样周期的预设电流与电池在K个采样时刻的至少一个采样时刻的电流的差值大于预设阈值。
本申请实施例三提供了一种电池充电控制装置，用于执行上述实施例的充电控制方法。图3为本申请实施例三提供的一种电池充电控制装置的结构示意图。
如图3所示，电池充电控制装置300包括获取模块310和处理模块320。
需要说明的是，本申请实施例中的电池充电控制装置300可以是具有独立功能的装置，也可以是集成在BMS中，此处不做限定。
获取模块310，用于获取第M个采样周期的N个电池单体的电压。
获取模块310获取电池单体的电压，在一个采样时刻可以同时获取电池的该N个电池单体的电压。对于一个采样周期，可以包含一个或多个采样时刻。即在一个采样周期，譬如第M个采样周期，可以通过采样获取该N个电池单体在该采样周期的K个采样时刻的电压，K为正整数。
获取模块310还用于基于上述电压，计算K个采样时刻中每一个采样时刻的电池的电压。
一个电池中包含串联的N个电池单体，因此电池的电压为其内部所包含的N个电池单体的电压之和。获取模块310基于上述第M个采样周期的K个采样时刻中每个采样时刻的每个电池单体的电压，计算获得该周期内每个采样时刻的电池的电压。
可选的，获取模块310用于在第i个采样时刻，对N个电池单体的电压进行求和得到该第i个采样时刻该电池的电压，其中，1≤i≤K。
处理模块320，用于若满足第一条件且满足第二条件，则停止对电池充电。其中， 第一条件包括：电池的电压在第M个采样周期内单调递增；第二条件包括：N个电池单体的至少一个电池单体在第M个采样周期的电压的拟合曲线的趋势不为上升。
在电池充电过程中，通过电池内部的电池单体电压计算得出电池电压，判断当电池电压在一个采样周期单调递增的情况下，若部分电池单体的电压在该采样周期的电压变化趋势不为上升，很可能是该部分电池单体发生内部短路，通过对每个电池单体的电压通过拟合曲线对其变化趋势进行检测，当出现异常时切断电池充电回路，使电池停止充电，可以有效地对电池充电过程进行控制。
可选的，处理模块320还用于判断对于第M个采样周期，若第j+1个采样时刻的电池的电压与第j个采样时刻的电池的电压差值均大于0，则处理模块320确定电池的电压在第M个采样周期内单调递增，其中，1≤j≤K-1。
可选的，为了获取电池单体的电压在采样周期内的变化趋势，处理模块320可以对第M个采样周期的电池单体的电压进行拟合处理，譬如线性拟合、指数拟合或者对数拟合。
处理模块320基于拟合的曲线的特征获取电池单体的电压在采样周期内的变化趋势。
对于线性拟合(即对第M个采样周期的电池单体的电压进行线性拟合处理)，若线性拟合曲线的斜率小于等于0，则该线性拟合曲线的趋势不为上升，反之，该线性拟合曲线的趋势为上升。
对于指数拟合和对数拟合，若线性拟合曲线的底数大于0且小于等于1，则拟合曲线的趋势不为上升，反之，该线性拟合曲线的趋势为上升。
处理模块320判断该电池的N个电池单体，若至少一个电池单体在第M个采样周期的电压的拟合曲线的趋势不为上升，且该为电池的电压在该第M个采样周期内单调递增，则对电池停止充电。
可选的，为了避免电压波动的影响，处理模块320可以在连续多个采样周期对上述至少一个电池单体的电压进行拟合处理。
可选的，P＝2，即处理模块320在连续3个采样周期对上述至少一个电池单体的电压进行拟合处理，既避免了电压波动对精度的影响，又降低了算法复杂度。
可选的，在第M个采样周期，第(M+1)个采样周期，…和第(M+P)个采样周期，对于上述每个采样周期，处理模块320可以使用线性拟合、对数拟合或者指数拟 合的任意一种拟合方式对电池单体的电压数据进行拟合。
可选的，处理模块320可以用于在连续多个采样周期对上述至少一个电池单体的电压进行拟合处理。将第M个采样周期，第(M+1)个采样周期，…和第(M+P)个采样周期作为一个合并采样周期，获取上述至少一个电池单体的电压在该合并采样周期的拟合曲线的趋势。
若该电池的电压在该合并采样周期内单调递增；且N个电池单体的至少一个电池单体在该合并采样周期内的电压拟合曲线的趋势不为上升，则停止对电池充电。
可选的，获取模块310还用于获取所述K个采样时刻中每一个采样时刻的所述电池的电流，处理模块320还用于，若满足上述第一条件且满足第三条件，则确定电池未发生异常，即继续对电池充电；其中，该第三条件包括：上述电池的N个电池单体在该第M个采样周期的电压的拟合曲线的趋势为上升。
可选的，获取模块310还用于获取所述K个采样时刻中每一个采样时刻的所述电池的电流，处理模块320还用于，若不满足第一条件且满足第四条件，则停止对电池充电。其中，第四条件包括：第M个采样周期的预设电流与电池在K个采样时刻的每一个采样时刻的电流的差值均小于预设阈值。
本申请实施例四提供了一种电池充电控制装置。图4为本申请实施例四提供的一种电池充电控制装置的结构示意图。
如图4所示，电池充电控制装置400包括获取模块410和处理模块420。
获取模块410，用于获取第M个采样周期的N个电池单体的电压。
获取模块410通过电压采样获取电池单体的电压，在一个采样时刻可以同时获取电池的该N个电池单体的电压。对于一个采样周期，可以包含一个或多个采样时刻K。即在一个采样周期，譬如第M个采样周期，可以通过采样获取该N个电池单体在每一个采样时刻的电压。
获取模块410还用于基于上述电压，计算K个采样时刻中每一个采样时刻的电池的电压。
一个电池中包含N个电池单体，因此电池的电压为其内部所包含的N个电池单体的电压之和。获取模块410基于上述第M个采样周期内每个采样时刻的每个电池单体的电压，计算获得该周期内每个采样时刻的电池的电压。
可选的，获取模块410用于在第i个采样时刻，对N个电池单体的电压进行求和 得到该第i个采样时刻该电池的电压，其中，1≤i≤K。
获取模块410还用于获取K个采样时刻中每一个采样时刻的电池的电流。
处理模块420，用于判断若不满足第一条件且满足第四条件，则停止对电池充电。
其中，第一条件包括：电池的电压在第M个采样周期内单调递增；
第四条件包括：第M个采样周期的预设电流与电池在K个采样时刻的每一个采样时刻的电流的差值均小于预设阈值。
针对第四条件，本申请实施例中电池的充电方法为恒流充电，即将充电过程分为若干个充电阶段，每一个充电阶段保持恒定的充电电流，电池电压随着时间的变化而增大。若在某一个采样周期内电池电压发生跌落现象，即电压变化不为单调递增，且预设电流与该采样周期内的每一个采样时刻的电池的电流值均小于预设阈值，则说明此时电池未切换至下一个充电阶段，电压跌落为异常现象，电池有热失控风险，停止对电池进行充电，其中预设电流值和预设阈值都是电池充电控制装置400设定的值。利用上述技术方案可以有效地对电池充电进行控制，避免电池发生热失控。
可选的，预设阈值可以是预设电流值的20％。
可选的，为了避免电流波动的影响，处理模块420可以在连续多个采样周期的每一个采样周期对获取模块410获取的电池的电流进行判断，需要说明的是，每个采样周期都包括K个采样时刻。
可选的，处理模块420还用于判断若不满足第一条件且满足第五条件，则继续对电池充电，即继续对电池充电；其中，该第五条件包括：第M个采样周期的预设电流与电池在K个采样时刻的至少一个采样时刻的电流的差值大于预设阈值。
图5为本申请实施例五提供的一种电池充电控制装置的结构示意图。如图5所示，电池充电控制装置500包括存储器510和处理器520，其中，存储器510用于存储指令，处理器520用于基于所述指令执行上述电池充电控制方法。
本申请实施例还提供了一种可读存储介质，用于存储计算机程序，所述计算机程序用于执行上述电池充电控制方法。
除非另有定义，本本申请所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本申请的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同；本文中在申请的说明书中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施例的目的，不是旨在于限制本申请；本申请的说明书和权利要求书及上述附图说明中的术语“包括”和“具有”以及它们的任何变形，意图在于覆盖不排 他的包含。本申请的说明书和权利要求书或上述附图中的术语“第一”、“第二”等是用于区别不同对象，而不是用于描述特定顺序或主次关系。
在本申请中提及“实施例”意味着，结合实施例描述的特定特征、结构或特性可以包含在本申请的至少一个实施例中。在说明书中的各个位置出现该短语并不一定均是指相同的实施例，也不是与其它实施例互斥的独立的或备选的实施例。本领域技术人员显式地和隐式地理解的是，本文所描述的实施例可以与其它实施例相结合。
本申请中的术语“和/或”，仅仅是一种描述关联对象的关联关系，表示可以存在三种关系，例如，A和/或B，可以表示：单独存在A，同时存在A和B，单独存在B这三种情况。另外，本申请中的字符“/”，一般表示前后关联对象是一种“或”的关系。
本申请中出现的“多个”指的是两个以上(包括两个)，同理，“多组”指的是两组以上(包括两组)，“多片”指的是两片以上(包括两片)。
以上实施例仅用以说明本申请的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述实施例对本申请进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换。

Claims (18)

  1. 一种电池充电控制方法，其特征在于，所述方法包括：
    获取第M个采样周期的N个电池单体的电压，其中，所述第M个采样周期包括K个采样时刻，所述N个电池单体组成电池，所述N、M和K为正整数；
    基于所述电压，计算所述K个采样时刻中每一个采样时刻的所述电池的电压；
    若满足第一条件且满足第二条件，则停止对电池充电；
    其中，所述第一条件包括：所述电池的电压在所述第M个采样周期内单调递增；
    所述第二条件包括：所述N个电池单体的至少一个电池单体在所述第M个采样周期的电压的拟合曲线的趋势不为上升。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    获取所述N个电池单体的至少一个电池单体在所述第M个采样周期后的连续P个采样周期的电压，所述连续P个采样周期与所述第M个采样周期构成连续P+1个采样周期，所述P为正整数；
    所述第二条件还包括：所述N个电池单体的至少一个电池单体在所述连续P个采样周期的每一个采样周期的电压的拟合曲线的趋势均不为上升。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于：
    若所述拟合曲线为线性拟合曲线，则所述拟合曲线的趋势不为上升包括：所述线性拟合曲线的斜率小于等于0；或者，
    若所述拟合曲线为指数拟合曲线或对数拟合曲线，则所述拟合曲线的趋势不为上升包括：所述指数拟合曲线或对数拟合曲线的底数大于0且小于等于1。
  4. 根据权利要求1至3任意一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述电池的电压在所述第M个采样周期内单调递增，包括：
    第j+1个采样时刻的所述电池的电压与第j个采样时刻的所述电池的电压差值大于0，其中，1≤j≤K-1。
  5. 根据权利要求1至4任意一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述计算所述K个采样时刻中每一个采样时刻的所述电池的电压，包括：
    将第i个采样时刻的所述N个电池单体的电压进行求和，获取所述第i个采样时刻的所述电池的电压，其中，1≤i≤K。
  6. 根据权利要求1至5任意一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    若满足第一条件且满足第三条件，则继续对电池充电；
    其中，所述第三条件包括：所述N个电池单体在所述第M个采样周期的电压的拟合曲线的趋势均为上升。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的方法，其特征在于：
    若所述拟合曲线为线性拟合曲线，则所述拟合曲线的趋势为上升包括：所述线性拟合曲线的斜率大于0；或者，
    若所述拟合曲线为指数拟合曲线或对数拟合曲线，则所述拟合曲线的趋势为上升包括：所述指数拟合曲线或对数拟合曲线的底数大于1。
  8. 根据权利要求1至7任意一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    获取所述K个采样时刻中每一个采样时刻的所述电池的电流；
    若不满足所述第一条件且满足第四条件，则停止对电池充电；
    其中，所述第四条件包括：预设电流与所述K个采样时刻中每一个采样时刻的所述电池的电流的差值均小于预设阈值，其中所述预设电流为所述电池在所述第M个采样周期的预设值。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    若不满足第一条件且满足第五条件，则继续对电池充电；
    其中，所述第五条件包括：所述预设电流与所述K个采样时刻中至少一个采样时刻的所述电池的电流的差值大于所述预设阈值。
  10. 一种电池充电控制装置，其特征在于，所述装置包括：
    获取模块，用于获取第M个采样周期的N个电池单体的电压，其中，所述第M个采样周期包括K个采样时刻，所述N个电池单体组成电池，所述N、M和K为正整数；
    获取模块还用于基于所述电压，计算所述K个采样时刻中每一个采样时刻的所述电池的电压；
    处理模块，用于若满足第一条件且满足第二条件，则停止对电池充电；
    其中，所述第一条件包括：所述电池的电压在所述第M个采样周期内单调递增；
    所述第二条件包括：所述N个电池单体的至少一个电池单体在所述第M个采样周期的电压的拟合曲线的趋势不为上升。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的装置，其特征在于，
    所述获取模块还用于：获取所述至少一个电池单体在所述第M个采样周期后的连续P个采样周期的电压，所述连续P个采样周期与所述第M个采样周期构成连续P+1个采样周期，所述P为正整数；
    所述处理模块具体用于：若满足所述第一条件且满足所述第二条件，则停止对电池充电；所述第二条件还包括：所述N个电池单体的至少一个电池单体在所述连续P个采样周期的每一个采样周期的电压的拟合曲线的趋势均不为上升。
  12. 根据权利要求10或11任意一项所述的装置，其特征在于，所述处理模块，具体用于：
    若所述拟合曲线为线性拟合曲线，则所述拟合曲线的趋势不为上升包括：所述线性拟合曲线的斜率小于等于0；或者，
    若所述拟合曲线为指数拟合曲线或对数拟合曲线，则所述拟合曲线的趋势不为上升包括：所述指数拟合曲线或对数拟合曲线的底数大于0且小于等于1。
  13. 根据权利要求10至12任意一项所述的装置，其特征在于，所述处理模块，具体用于：
    若第j+1个采样时刻的所述电池的电压与第j个采样时刻的所述电池的电压差值均大于0，则所述处理模块确定所述电池的电压在所述第M个采样周期内单调递增，其中，1≤j≤K-1。
  14. 根据权利要求10至13任意一项所述的装置，其特征在于，所述获取模块具体用于：
    将第i个采样时刻的所述N个电池单体的电压进行求和，获取所述第i个采样时刻的所述电池的电压，其中，1≤i≤K。
  15. 根据权利要求11至14任意一项所述的装置，其特征在于，所述处理模块还用于：
    若满足第一条件且满足第三条件，则继续对电池充电；
    其中，所述第三条件包括：所述N个电池单体在所述第M个采样周期的电压的拟合曲线的趋势均为上升。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的装置，其特征在于，所述处理模块，具体用于：
    若所述拟合曲线为线性拟合曲线，则所述拟合曲线的趋势为上升包括：所述线性拟合曲线的斜率大于0；或者，
    若所述拟合曲线为指数拟合曲线或对数拟合曲线，则所述拟合曲线的趋势为上升包括：所述指数拟合曲线或对数拟合曲线的底数大于1。
  17. 根据权利要求10至16任意一项所述的装置，其特征在于，
    所述获取模块还用于：获取所述K个采样时刻中每一个采样时刻的所述电池的电流；
    所述处理模块还用于：若不满足所述第一条件且满足第四条件，则停止对电池充电；
    其中，所述第四条件包括：预设电流与所述K个采样时刻中每一个采样时刻的所述电池的电流的差值均小于预设阈值，其中所述预设电流为所述电池在所述第M个采样周期的预设值。
  18. 根据权利要求17所述的装置，其特征在于，所述处理模块还用于：
    若不满足第一条件且满足第五条件，则继续对电池充电；
    其中，所述第五条件包括：所述预设电流与所述K个采样时刻中至少一个采样时刻的所述电池的电流的差值大于所述预设阈值。
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