WO2022057409A1 - 太阳能移动充电设施 - Google Patents

太阳能移动充电设施 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022057409A1
WO2022057409A1 PCT/CN2021/105448 CN2021105448W WO2022057409A1 WO 2022057409 A1 WO2022057409 A1 WO 2022057409A1 CN 2021105448 W CN2021105448 W CN 2021105448W WO 2022057409 A1 WO2022057409 A1 WO 2022057409A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
charging
solar
power supply
trolley
facility
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PCT/CN2021/105448
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张承辉
Original Assignee
张淇
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Publication date
Application filed by 张淇 filed Critical 张淇
Priority to EP21868238.3A priority Critical patent/EP4135156A4/en
Priority to US17/998,394 priority patent/US20230182622A1/en
Publication of WO2022057409A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022057409A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60M—POWER SUPPLY LINES, AND DEVICES ALONG RAILS, FOR ELECTRICALLY- PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60M7/00—Power lines or rails specially adapted for electrically-propelled vehicles of special types, e.g. suspension tramway, ropeway, underground railway
    • B60M7/003—Power lines or rails specially adapted for electrically-propelled vehicles of special types, e.g. suspension tramway, ropeway, underground railway for vehicles using stored power (e.g. charging stations)
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
    • H02J7/35—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering with light sensitive cells
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
    • B60L3/0023—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train
    • B60L3/0069—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train relating to the isolation, e.g. ground fault or leak current
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L5/00—Current collectors for power supply lines of electrically-propelled vehicles
    • B60L5/38—Current collectors for power supply lines of electrically-propelled vehicles for collecting current from conductor rails
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/40—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by capacitors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/50—Charging stations characterised by energy-storage or power-generation means
    • B60L53/51—Photovoltaic means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60M—POWER SUPPLY LINES, AND DEVICES ALONG RAILS, FOR ELECTRICALLY- PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60M1/00—Power supply lines for contact with collector on vehicle
    • B60M1/30—Power rails
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60M—POWER SUPPLY LINES, AND DEVICES ALONG RAILS, FOR ELECTRICALLY- PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60M3/00—Feeding power to supply lines in contact with collector on vehicles; Arrangements for consuming regenerative power
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S10/00—Solar heat collectors using working fluids
    • F24S10/70—Solar heat collectors using working fluids the working fluids being conveyed through tubular absorbing conduits
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S10/00—Solar heat collectors using working fluids
    • F24S10/70—Solar heat collectors using working fluids the working fluids being conveyed through tubular absorbing conduits
    • F24S10/72—Solar heat collectors using working fluids the working fluids being conveyed through tubular absorbing conduits the tubular conduits being integrated in a block; the tubular conduits touching each other
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S60/00—Arrangements for storing heat collected by solar heat collectors
    • F24S60/10—Arrangements for storing heat collected by solar heat collectors using latent heat
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S70/00—Details of absorbing elements
    • F24S70/20—Details of absorbing elements characterised by absorbing coatings; characterised by surface treatment for increasing absorption
    • F24S70/225—Details of absorbing elements characterised by absorbing coatings; characterised by surface treatment for increasing absorption for spectrally selective absorption
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S70/00—Details of absorbing elements
    • F24S70/60—Details of absorbing elements characterised by the structure or construction
    • F24S70/65—Combinations of two or more absorbing elements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/28—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy
    • H02J3/32—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy using batteries with converting means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S10/00—PV power plants; Combinations of PV energy systems with other systems for the generation of electric power
    • H02S10/30—Thermophotovoltaic systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S40/00—Components or accessories in combination with PV modules, not provided for in groups H02S10/00 - H02S30/00
    • H02S40/40—Thermal components
    • H02S40/44—Means to utilise heat energy, e.g. hybrid systems producing warm water and electricity at the same time
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
    • B60L3/0007—Measures or means for preventing or attenuating collisions
    • B60L3/0015—Prevention of collisions
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S10/00—Solar heat collectors using working fluids
    • F24S10/25—Solar heat collectors using working fluids having two or more passages for the same working fluid layered in direction of solar-rays, e.g. having upper circulation channels connected with lower circulation channels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S10/00—Solar heat collectors using working fluids
    • F24S10/40—Solar heat collectors using working fluids in absorbing elements surrounded by transparent enclosures, e.g. evacuated solar collectors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S23/00—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors
    • F24S23/30—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with lenses
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S23/00—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors
    • F24S23/70—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors
    • F24S23/74—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors with trough-shaped or cylindro-parabolic reflective surfaces
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S60/00—Arrangements for storing heat collected by solar heat collectors
    • F24S60/30—Arrangements for storing heat collected by solar heat collectors storing heat in liquids
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2310/00—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load
    • H02J2310/40—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle
    • H02J2310/48—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle for electric vehicles [EV] or hybrid vehicles [HEV]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S20/00—Supporting structures for PV modules
    • H02S20/20—Supporting structures directly fixed to an immovable object
    • H02S20/21—Supporting structures directly fixed to an immovable object specially adapted for motorways, e.g. integrated with sound barriers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S40/00—Components or accessories in combination with PV modules, not provided for in groups H02S10/00 - H02S30/00
    • H02S40/20—Optical components
    • H02S40/22—Light-reflecting or light-concentrating means
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/52—PV systems with concentrators
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E70/00—Other energy conversion or management systems reducing GHG emissions
    • Y02E70/30—Systems combining energy storage with energy generation of non-fossil origin
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the power supply and charging technology of mobile electrical devices in motion, in particular to such a facility with combined technology of solar photovoltaic cells and solar thermal power generation, as well as related supporting technologies and extended applications of illumination compensation, energy storage, etc. .
  • the storage batteries of vehicles such as electric vehicles have shortcomings such as long charging time, which affects the popularization and application; the investment in wireless mobile charging is high; the rail vehicles can realize mobile power supply, but for electric vehicles, they are not on the track Driving; a number of mobile charging solutions for electric vehicles have been disclosed in this technical field, but have not been popularized and applied.
  • the power generation of solar photovoltaic cell products is easy to achieve, but the price of photovoltaic cell products is relatively high.
  • electromechanical tracking or concentrating light
  • the photovoltaic cell itself can realize solar power generation, but it cannot maintain strong light for a long time, and the photovoltaic cell power generation resources are underutilized.
  • the solar thermal power generation device In order to increase the temperature of the working medium, the solar thermal power generation device generally needs to use electromechanical tracking equipment to track the sunlight and focus the sunlight at a high magnification.
  • the working medium needs to enter and exit the solar collector, and the device will be more complicated.
  • Solar water heaters are simple, but generally not enough temperature for power generation. Solar energy cannot supply energy continuously and stably for a long time, and energy storage is also very important, but its cost is still too high at present.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to realize the stable mobile power supply and charging of the electric vehicle at a relatively high speed under the condition of lower cost.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to achieve maintaining strong illumination for the solar power generation device without electromechanical tracking, further overcoming some deficiencies of the prior art, and realizing solar power supply for mobile charging facilities with high cost performance.
  • the technical scheme of the solar mobile charging facility proposed by the present invention is as follows: (This technical scheme is used in the case where the driving speed of the electric vehicle is below 160 kilometers per hour):
  • Electric vehicles can achieve mobile power supply and charging at higher speeds.
  • the specific facilities and measures are as follows: 1 Learn from the existing mobile power supply technologies, such as high-speed rail and subway related technologies. 2Use the touch rails (tracks) (301) and (311) to cooperate with the (transfer) 'collector trolley' (308) to complete the technical tasks, and use the touch rails (301) and (311), the collector shoes (303) ), (driving) 'collection' wheel (302), electromechanical connecting arm (304), etc. to complete the technical solution of mobile power supply and charging.
  • one of the key technologies is the electromechanical connection arm (304), whose function is to complete the electrical and mechanical connection between the 'collection trolley' (308) and the electric vehicle, and the connection uses electromagnetic force; unilateral power supply It is a weak mechanical connection and is used when parking; both sides supply electricity at the same time, and form opposite magnetic poles.
  • the collector shoe and the 'collector wheel' of the same electrode can be connected in parallel to reduce the chance of electrical disconnection; and a current absorbing arc extinguishing circuit (204) or a current absorbing arc extinguishing circuit (206) is installed when AC power is supplied.
  • the 'electromechanical connecting arm' can also be installed to automatically find the alignment device (the 'collection' trolley can also be installed with an autonomous automatic electric driving device) to realize automatic connection.
  • the electromechanical connecting arm has a retracting spring mechanism and a spring Recycle wheel rope retractor. There are four wheels in the front and rear of the trolley that can be rotated left and right. The rotation angle is limited to 15° and below by the limit mechanism.
  • the contact rail is matched with it at the curve, and the bottom of the wheel is inclined outward by 5° to 25°. Inclined; (transfer) a collision buffer structure is also installed at both ends of the 'collection' trolley (308).
  • This kind of mobile charging facility can achieve the following technical effects: 1
  • the intermediate transition (transfer) 'collector' trolley can be made very light, due to the use of the weight of the charging vehicle, the 'collector wheel', the collector shoe (relying on the spring Maintain a moderate pressing force) can moderately press the conductive contact rails to ensure that they are in good contact and the current passes, and the charging vehicle is slightly lifted (the force is controlled by the spring), so the energy consumption is not increased.
  • the 'collector' trolley can run smoothly on a smooth track. The connection between the charging vehicle and the trolley is due to the relationship between the movable universal joint and the spring. The bumping and left-right swing of the charging vehicle have little impact on the trolley, ensuring the stability of charging. reliable.
  • connection between the trolley and the charging vehicle is by the electromechanical connecting arm.
  • the connection between the electromechanical connecting arm and the trolley is 'flexible'.
  • the electromechanical connecting arm and the charging vehicle are connected by electromagnetic force.
  • the interface is at the rear of the charging vehicle. 'Relying on the spring, it can be automatically retracted and stuck in a safe position.
  • the downward force point of the trolley is in its center, and the downward force point of the trolley is in its center, which is easy to control and safer.
  • the front and rear four wheels can be rotated left and right, making it flexible to pass through the curve, the wheels are inclined outwards from 5° to 25°, and have a certain limit function.
  • 5 Install the current absorbing arc extinguishing circuit to reduce electrical interference and wear of parts.
  • 6 Install energy storage super capacitors to reduce power supply fluctuations.
  • the combination of solar power generation and mobile charging facilities can produce such technical effects: the photovoltaic power generation with compensation is above the charging line, which has little impact on the ecological light on the ground, and the brackets and space are fully utilized.
  • the solar thermal power generation is on the roadside, the wasteland is easy to find, the charging line is very short, and the loss is small.
  • the solar system is used for power supply, and the specific technical scheme is as follows: In a solar photovoltaic array, a plurality of diffuse reflectors are placed on the back of the photovoltaic cells (or components) in front, and the diffuse reflector for the front photovoltaic cells (or components) is used.
  • Layout with reference to other parts; their specific parameters such as position and size are as follows: 1
  • the width of the two diffuse reflection flat panels is equal to the width of the photovoltaic cell (or component), or it can be larger or smaller, and the length cannot be long enough to affect the sun
  • the light directly shines on the photovoltaic cells (or components), generally speaking, the longer the light is reflected on the photovoltaic cells (or components), the more light; 2their position and angle cannot affect the direct sunlight on the photovoltaic cells.
  • the photovoltaic cell (or module) and the diffuse reflection plate are arranged in north-south, facing south or north, the angle and distance of the photovoltaic cell (or module) are determined in this way (for the system used throughout the year), the photovoltaic
  • the installation angle of the cells (or modules) is the local latitude plus 10° ⁇ 15°, and the distance between the photovoltaic cells (or modules) is 2.5 ⁇ 3.5 times the height, generally 3 times.
  • the sunlight at noon on a certain day will shoot vertically (or nearly vertically) on the photovoltaic cells (or components), and it can also be designed so that the sunlight at noon on the winter solstice will shoot vertically directly on the solar photovoltaic panels, and the angles of multiple diffuse reflectors and the position are determined by the following method (and modified by experimental verification): let the line perpendicular to the center point be the assumed "normal”; at noon on the winter solstice, let the sunlight hit the diffuse reflection plate close to the photovoltaic cell (or module) center, and reflect it to the center of the photovoltaic cell (or component) according to the "normal line”; at noon on the summer solstice, let the sunlight hit the center of another diffuse reflection plate, and reflect it to the center of the photovoltaic cell (or component) according to the "normal line” Center; this part has a total of 24 diffuse reflectors, which are set by the above method in 24 solar terms.
  • Such sunlight compensation can be performed by adding two diffuse reflectors and referring to the above method.
  • the time can be selected from the vernal equinox and the autumnal equinox, and the time can be selected from 9 o'clock and 15 o'clock; the angle of the simulated sunlight can also be determined and adjusted.
  • the present invention enables the present invention to have the following remarkable features: in terms of mobile charging, the electric vehicle can allow certain bumps and a small range of left and right maneuvers under the condition of high speed per hour, so as to realize stable charging during movement, and the whole device is relatively safe, And the economical cost of the project is low. In terms of power supply of the solar mobile charging system, the total power generation of photovoltaic power generation products and the cost performance of photovoltaic power generation products have been improved.
  • the present invention allows the fixed solar photovoltaic cell or its components to receive more light on the whole at a certain latitude, all year round, from day to night.
  • FIG. 1 is a plan view of a solar power generation device of a solar mobile charging facility, in which photothermal power generation (101), solar panels (102), light compensation mirrors (103), and highway isolation belts (104).
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the electromechanical connecting arm and the supporting devices, wherein the electromechanical connecting arm (201), the connecting interface (202) with a retractable protective shell, the connecting interface (203) on the electric vehicle, the arc extinguishing absorption circuit (204) ), an arc extinguishing absorption circuit (206), and an energy storage super capacitor (205).
  • FIG. 3 is a working principle diagram of electric vehicle mobile power supply and charging, wherein the sliding rail (track) (301), the sliding track (track) (311), the driving wheel (which can be used as a 'collector wheel') (302), Collector shoe (303), electromechanical connecting arm (304), (collector) trolley (308), recovery wheel rope take-up (305) universal joint (306), universal joint (307), for the bearing of the sliding rail
  • the bracket (309) is 'under the air', and the connecting cable is retractable and protective sleeve (312), which is linked by the electromechanical connecting arm (304).
  • FIG. 4 is the structure, size and effect diagram of the combination of the solar photovoltaic power generation panel and the compensation mirror, wherein the illumination compensation mirror (402), the solar cell panel (401) whose illumination is compensated, the front solar cell panel (403), the illumination compensation mirror ( 402) The center of the arc (404).
  • Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the solar thermal system, in which the south concentrating heat collecting plate (501), the westward concentrating heat collecting plate (502), the eastward concentrating heat collecting plate (503), and the steam drum (504) , solenoid valve (505), solenoid valve (506), solenoid valve (507), solenoid valve (508), liquid working medium inlet (509), vapor working medium outlet (510), view boundary (511), left picture For the top view, the right picture is for the front view.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of a concentrator and a 'heat collector' for solar photothermal, wherein the condenser lens (601), the 'heat collector' (602), and the 'heat collector' (603) that can increase the temperature of the medium.
  • FIG 7 is a schematic diagram of a heat storage device, wherein the latent heat material storage tank (701), the 'heat transfer medium' pipeline (702), the latent heat material (703), the sensible heat material (704), the 'heat transfer medium' main inlet pipe ( 705), 'heat transfer medium' main outlet pipe (706), heat storage pool (707).
  • Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the solar mobile charging facility.
  • (1)Two-wire power supply for safety, one line must be grounded reliably.
  • DC power supply or AC power supply can be used, and a current absorbing circuit can be installed.
  • the pantograph can be greatly reduced. And the electrical sparks that may appear between them to reduce the useless consumption of electricity, the unnecessary loss of the pantograph and the conductive cables, and reduce the radio interference of the electrical sparks.
  • the length of each pantograph should be less than the line spacing of the two power supply lines, and sufficient safety clearance should be ensured.
  • the ends of the pantograph are arc-shaped to reduce the impact of abnormal lateral entry and exit; the ends of the power supply line are also arc-shaped to reduce the impact of abnormal longitudinal entry and exit.
  • the position of the grounding wire should be ensured, and the pantograph goes out first and then out of the grounding wire.
  • Light scanning or electric induction sensors are installed on electric vehicles, and the relative position signal given by the sensor is used to determine the state of the pantograph: standby or contact. The pantograph is fully retracted when not in use.
  • the compressed air enters the cylinder of the "pantograph" in large holes and micro holes.
  • the large holes ensure that the pantograph is raised in time, and the micro holes maintain the air pressure of the cylinder and ensure that the air is quickly released when abnormal, and the pantograph is quickly lowered.
  • the material and structure of the power supply line and pantograph refer to the existing rail electric vehicles, such as titanium alloy with good electrical conductivity and wear resistance for the "line"; When it is damaged or broken, the compressed air of the support can quickly escape, and the "bow frame” can be quickly put down.
  • the direction of the line is a "zigzag” shape, and the amplitude of the "zigzag” shape is smaller, leaving a certain leeway for the electric vehicle to maneuver left and right. And ensure that the line slides in the middle of the graphite skateboard when it runs straight, the distance is one-third of the length of the graphite skateboard, and the remaining two-thirds are maneuvering.
  • (11)Available mobile charging pile method There is a horizontal ultra-thin car on the side of the road as a mobile charging pile. The car is suspended on the track and can walk on the track. The direction of the catenary cable is also "zigzag". Use a pantograph; this rechargeable road entrance has a camera device to obtain information such as the license plate of the vehicle to be charged, and the charging and power consumption measuring instruments are installed on the trolley, and the power data is uploaded through the Internet; the universal arm is overcast Type sockets are manually or automatically connected to the device being charged (electric vehicle).
  • the pantograph is a plastic insulating bottom plate, with two graphite slide plates arranged in a line. Pay attention to the insulation gap and the short circuit of rainwater.
  • energy storage facilities can be used to reserve and provide electricity.
  • a heat storage and energy storage facility it has steel container-like heat storage units closely arranged with regular shapes, the heat storage unit is hollow, and pure water is put in it to discharge other gases.
  • Iron chains are placed on the steep hillside, and the box with cheap stone is placed on the iron chain.
  • the iron chain is connected to the drive power generation system to realize energy storage and supplementary power supply; this system can also use batteries, which can be connected to the grid if conditions permit.
  • anti-glare LED lights that should be adapted to mirrors are used to intelligently control the lighting of the charging vehicles. The vehicle only needs to turn on the signal lights on the charging route, and the front and rear vehicles should have distance control.
  • the charging and power supply of the electric vehicle can be completed by a mobile charging power supply module.
  • the module runs on the air elastic nylon hollow monorail, the limit is left and right, the conductive cables are on both sides of the monorail, the titanium alloy conductive cables run double zigzag, and the graphite nylon hollow pantograph provides electricity; the module and the charging car are connected by the flexible electromechanical connection of the bow arm.
  • the module walking is passive and active. When it is passive, it is towed by a charging car, and the module walking motor generates electricity and returns to the grid.
  • the active mode adopts gating frequency conversion, current limiting power supply, and asynchronous sliding is used to perform active-passive conversion.
  • Smart network mobile billing Intelligently control the distance between moving modules. Smart car find module. Disengagement is divided into: normal automatic disengagement, laser positioning disengagement, mechanical limit emergency disengagement, and retraction.
  • This mobile charging module we can also call it a mobile charging pile, can also walk on two lines connected by steel pipes; one pipeline is load-bearing, and the other is limited; electric vehicles and mobile charging Magnetic plug sockets are used between modules to achieve electrical connection between them; the magnetism of the magnetic socket sockets is realized by current and can be controlled by current; there are two ways to walk the mobile charging module: electric vehicle towing, and electric Self-propelled; the tension of the arm is limited, degaussed after power off, and detached; the tension of the arm is limited, and after separation, it can be quickly folded and retracted for storage.
  • Electric vehicles can realize mobile power supply and charging at high speed.
  • the specific facilities and measures are as follows: 1 It is a mobile power supply and charging facility. 2Use (power supply) contact rails (tracks) (301), (311) and transfer 'collector' trolley, use contact rails (301), (311), collector shoes (303), (driving)'
  • the collecting wheel (302), the electromechanical connecting arm (304) and the like complete the mobile power supply and charging scheme.
  • 3 One of the key technologies is the electromechanical connecting arm (304), its function is to complete the electrical and mechanical connection between the 'collection trolley' (308) and the electric vehicle, and the connection uses electromagnetic force; The weak mechanical connection is used when parking; the two sides are powered at the same time, and the opposite-sex magnetic pole is formed.
  • the magnetic pole is to be disengaged; the traction force exceeds the electromagnetic force, and it is forced to disengage; the 'electromechanical connecting arm' is generally fixed on the 'collector trolley', which has an automatic retraction mechanism, which is retracted when disengaged; there are electrical contacts at the connection between both sides , When the mechanical connection is made, the electrical connection is completed at the same time.
  • the collector shoes of the same electrode are connected in parallel with the 'collector wheel' to reduce the chance of electrical disconnection; and a complete arc extinguishing circuit is installed. If necessary, an 'electromechanical connecting arm' can also be installed to automatically find the alignment device to realize automatic connection.
  • the device for automatic charging and payment of wireless network has been installed, and the deduction of electricity bills has been completed.
  • the trolley When the trolley is running, it is always above the contact rail.
  • the line is on both sides of the road.
  • the two contact rails can also be arranged in parallel, and the low contact rail is grounded.
  • the solar photovoltaic power generation facility is placed above the side of the road, and the solar thermal power generation facility is placed on the side of the road.
  • the photovoltaic power generation with compensation is above the charging line, which has little impact on the ecological lighting on the ground, and the brackets and space are fully utilized.
  • the solar thermal power generation is on the roadside, the wasteland is easy to find, the charging line is very short, and the loss is small.
  • the intermediate transition collector and charging trolley can be made very light. Due to the use of the weight of the charging vehicle, the power receiving wheel and the collector shoe can press the conductive contact rail to ensure that they are in good contact and the current can pass through without charging. The vehicle is lifted slightly again (the force controlled by the spring), so there is no increase in energy consumption. 3.
  • the 'collector trolley' can run smoothly on a smooth track.
  • connection between the charging vehicle and the trolley is due to the relationship between the limited universal joint and the spring.
  • the bumping and left-right swing of the charging vehicle have little impact on the trolley, ensuring the reliability of charging.
  • connection between the trolley and the charging vehicle depends on the connecting arm.
  • the connection between the connecting arm and the trolley is flexible.
  • the connecting arm and the charging vehicle are connected by electromagnetic force.
  • the interface is at the rear of the charging vehicle.
  • the connecting arm moves forward and can automatically return The retraction is stuck in a safe position, and the downward force point of the trolley is in its center, and the downward force point of the trolley is in its center, which is easy to control and safer.
  • the front and rear four wheels can turn left and right, and the angle is limited to 15° and below, making it flexible to pass through the curve, the wheels are inclined outwards from 5° to 25°, and the left and right are properly limited.
  • the installed current absorption circuit reduces electrical interference and wear of parts.
  • the optimal parameters of the 'convex' mirror for solar photovoltaic power generation compensation were found through experiments; in this case, the optimal parameters for the 'composite' mirror for solar thermal power generation were also found through experiments.
  • This solar photovoltaic compensation combination device is also suitable for road solar power generation.
  • the generated electricity can be used for mobile power supply and charging of electric vehicles.
  • the working principle of solar photovoltaic compensation in this case can also be used in solar thermal devices.
  • the optimal parameters for realizing solar thermal compensation are also found through experiments, and a reflector (402) (compensating mirror) can also be used to improve illumination.
  • the concentrated solar energy medium and high temperature photothermal devices are equipped with electromechanical tracking devices.
  • This embodiment is a concentrated solar energy medium and high temperature photothermal device, which uses a compound parabolic concentrator (PCP) (referred to as a 'composite mirror' in this application), and does not have an electromechanical tracking device.
  • PCP compound parabolic concentrator
  • the specific embodiment of the present invention is as follows: it consists of a 'composite mirror' photothermal component (501), a 'composite mirror' photothermal component (502), and a 'composite mirror' photothermal component (503) to form a photothermal unit;
  • the photothermal assembly consists of a 'composite mirror' and a photothermal element; the 'composite mirror' photothermal element is assembled from a slot-shaped 'composite mirror' (601) and a photothermal receiver (602) that matches its performance.
  • the structure and parameters of the photothermal element are the same, but the installation position and angle are different; the photothermal unit is then connected to the corresponding pipeline (the pipeline in Figure 1), the steam drum (504), the heat storage pool (707), and the control
  • the electromagnetic valve (505), the electromagnetic valve (506), the electromagnetic valve (507), the electromagnetic valve (508) are connected to form a photothermal system; the photothermal receiver can be equipped with a photothermal isolator to improve the actual concentration ratio, or it can also be used with optional Sex-coated vacuum tube form.
  • the heat storage device is composed of an outer tank with good heat insulation and pressure resistance and a heat storage unit with extremely high heat storage efficiency; the interior of the heat storage unit is hollow, there is no other gas in it, and about 30% to 50% of the space is Pure water mainly uses the high latent heat of evaporation of water to store heat efficiently; such a heat storage unit has a strong heat storage capacity per unit weight (or per unit volume), and the ratio of heat storage capacity to cost price is also relatively high high.
  • the shape of the heat storage unit is designed as a regular hexagonal column, which can be compactly arranged; the cost of using a round steel pipe is relatively low.
  • the heat storage unit has an external heat type and an internal heat type; the working fluid flowing in the internal heat type is not easy to be polluted, but the layout of the pipeline for the flowing working fluid in and out is more complicated and the cost is higher.
  • Other heat storage fills can be solid plus fluid, or all fluid, and the fluid should flood the heat storage unit and other heat storage fills. They have their own advantages and disadvantages, whether to use external heating or internal heating should be adapted to local conditions.
  • a heat storage body is placed in the heat storage tank.
  • the heat storage tank should be evacuated and put into a liquid that can evaporate and boil.
  • the evaporation heat should be as high as possible.
  • the reflective material or coating of the composite mirror and the compensation mirror can be made of spectrally selective materials to achieve corresponding light transmission and reflection.

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Abstract

太阳能移动充电设施。本发明涉及移动用电装置在运动中的供电充电技术，尤其是一种带有太阳能光伏电池和太阳能光热发电组合技术的这种设施，及光照补偿、储能等相关的配套技术、延伸应用。拟解决电动汽车在行驶中充电问题，供电主要采用性价比高的太阳能电源。移动供电、充电采用接触轨和集电靴技术方案，线路中有灭弧电路和储能超级电容，有安全保护措施，太阳能发电有提高发电量，免跟踪的聚光镜和补偿镜。

Description

太阳能移动充电设施 技术领域
本发明涉及移动用电装置在运动中的供电充电技术，尤其是一种带有太阳能光伏电池和太阳能光热发电组合技术的这种设施，及光照补偿、储能等相关的配套技术、延伸应用。
背景技术
现有技术中像电动汽车等这些交通工具储电池存在充电时间较长等不足，影响推广应用；无线移动充电投资很高；有轨交通工具能够实现移动供电，但对于电动汽车来说不在轨道上行驶；这个技术领域已经公开多个电动汽车移动充电方案，但是没有推广应用。
太阳能光伏电池产品发电易于实现，但光伏电池产品价格相对较高。目前一般是通过机电跟踪(或加聚光)，以便对太阳能光伏电池元器件保持较强光照，来提高设备的利用率，进而增加发电量。但机电跟踪设备价格亦高，在室外工作使用维护成本也高。不用机电跟踪，光伏电池本身能够实现太阳能发电，只不过不能长时间保持较强光照，光伏电池发电资源利用不足。不用机电跟踪，用镜子反射太阳光到光伏电池组件板上来增加发电量的实验很常见；但太阳光一年到头一天到晚角度都在变化，特别是面积有限的镜子所反射的太阳光对于光伏电池组件板不能保证较长时间全覆盖，有时镜子的阴影甚至会落在光伏电池组件板上；这样对于目前用串联方式的光伏电池组件板来说，总的电流常常大致只能达到光照最弱部分的电流，这时太阳能光伏电池组件板的温度会上升，光电转换效率会下降。太阳能光热发电装置为了提高工质温度，一般也要使用机电跟踪设备，跟踪太阳光、并高倍率聚焦太阳光；加之工质要进出太阳能集热器，装置会更复杂一些。太阳能热水器简单，但用于发电温度一般不够。太阳能不能长时间连续稳定供应能源，储能也很重要，但目前它的成本还是过高。
发明内容
本发明的目的是要在较低成本的情况下，实现电动汽车能在较高时速下稳定移动供电、充电。
本发明的目的还要达到在不用机电跟踪的条件下，实现对太阳能发电装置保持较强光照，进一步克服现有技术的一些不足；实现性价比较高的移动充电设施太阳能供电。
为此本发明提出太阳能移动充电设施的技术方案如下：(该技术方案用于电动汽车行驶速度在每小时160公里以下的情况)：
电动汽车在较高时速下实现移动供电、充电，具体的设施措施如下：①借鉴现有的移动供电技术，如高铁、地铁的相关技术。②采用触滑轨(道)(301)及(311)与(转接)‘集电小车’(308)配合完成技术任务，利用触滑轨(301)及(311)、集电靴(303)、(行驶)‘集电’轮(302)、机电连接臂(304)等完成移动供电、充电的技术方案。③使用若干技术措施：关键技术之一是机电连接臂(304)，它的功能是完成‘集电小车’(308)和电动汽车的电气和机械的连接，其连接用电磁力；单方给电是力度较弱的机械连接，在停车时用；双方同时给电，并形成异性磁极是力度较强的机械连接，在电动汽车行驶牵引(‘集电小车’)时用；双方同时给电，并形成同性磁极，为需要脱离的情况；牵引力度超过电磁力，会强行脱离；‘机电连接臂’一般安装在‘集电小车’上，有自动收起机构，脱离时自动收起；双方连接处都有电气触点，充电电源用弹簧状电缆连接到接口(202)上。机械连接时，电气同时完成连接。同一电极的集电靴和‘集电轮’可以相并联，减少电气断开机会；并安装电流吸收灭弧电路(204)或交流供电时用电流吸收灭弧电路(206)。还可安装‘机电连接臂’自动寻找对位装置(转接‘集电’小车亦可安装自主自动电驱动行驶装置)，实现自动连接，机电连接臂上有回缩弹簧机构和带发条的回收轮收绳器。小车前后共有四个轮子均能左右转动，转动角度用限位机构限制在15°及以下，接触轨在弯道处与之配合，轮子下方向外倾斜5°～25°，轨道亦作相应的倾斜；(转接)‘集电’小车(308)两端头还安装有碰撞缓冲结构。安装储能超级电容(205)，提高系统供电的稳定；安装电流吸收灭弧电路，减少了电气干扰，及机件磨损。安装网上自动收费器，完成电费的扣缴。
这种移动充电设施能够实现以下技术效果：①中间过渡的(转接)‘集电’小车可以做的很轻，因利用了充电车辆的重量，‘集电轮’、集电靴(依靠弹簧保持适度压紧力度)能够适度压紧导电的触滑轨，保证它们良好接触，电流的通过，而充电车辆又被轻微抬起(由弹簧控制力度)，所以不增加能耗。②‘集电’小车可以平稳地在平滑轨道上行驶，充电车辆和小车的连接由于活动万向节和弹簧的关系，充电车辆的颠簸和左右摆动，对小车影响很小，保证了充电的稳定可靠。③小车和充电车辆的连接靠机电连接臂，机电连接臂和小车的连接是带‘柔性’的，机电连接臂和充电车辆之间靠电磁力连接，接口在充电车辆的尾部，‘机电连接臂’依靠弹簧能自动回缩并卡在安全位置上，另外小车向下的受力点在它的中心，小车向下的受力点在它的中心，好控制，较安全。④前后四轮子能左右转动，使得通过弯道灵活，轮子向外倾斜5°～25°，有一定的限位功能。⑤安装电流吸收灭弧电路，减少了电气干扰，及机件磨损。⑥安装储能超级电容，减少供电的波动。
太阳能发电与移动充电设施相结合则可以产生这样的技术效果：带补偿的光伏发电在充电线路上方，对地面生态光照影响小，支架和空间得到充分利用。光热发电在路边，荒地易找，充电的线路很短，损耗小。
采用太阳能系统供电，具体技术方案如下：在太阳能光伏阵列中，是用多块漫反射板放在前面的光伏电池(或组件)的背面，最前面的光伏电池(或组件)用的漫反射版参照其它部分来布置；它们位置和尺寸等的具体参数是这样的：①这两块漫反射平板的宽度与光伏电池(或组件)的宽度相等，也可以大于或小于，长度不能长到影响太阳光直接照射到光伏电池(或组件)上，一般来说长一些反射到光伏电池(或组件)上的光会多一些；②它们的位置及角度也不能够影响到太阳光直接照射到光伏电池(或组件)上；③一般情况光伏电池(或组件)与漫反射平板是南北布置，正对南或北，光伏电池(或组件)角度、距离这样确定(对于全年使用的系统)，光伏电池(或组件)安装角度是当地纬度加10°～15°，光伏电池(或组件)之间距离为高度的2.5～3.5倍，一般情况取3倍。这样某日正午时分的太阳光会垂直(或接近垂直)射到光伏电池(或组件)上，也可以设计为冬至正午时太阳光垂直直射到太阳能光伏电池板上，多块漫反射板的角度及位置用以下方法确定(并由实验验证修改)：设垂直通过中心点的直线为假定“法线”；冬至正午时，让太阳光射到靠近光伏电池(或组件)的那块漫反射平板中心，并按“法线”反射到光伏电池(或组件)的中心；夏至正午时，让太阳光射到另一块漫反射平板中心，并按“法线”反射到光伏电池(或组件)的中心；这部分共有24块漫反射板，在24节气中用以上方法设定，其实质就是让这些漫反射板在某时反射到光伏电池(或组件)的光线最强；在上午和下午也可以进行这样的太阳光的补偿，这要增加两块漫反射板，并参照上述方法进行，时间选择春分、秋分，时刻可以选择9点和15点；模拟太阳光的角度也一样可以进行确定和实验，还有一块漫反射板在太阳能光伏电池板的顶部；具体的还可看本发明的实施案，如果场地允许，在南偏东40～50，和在南偏西40～50，的位置可再各安装一块这种‘凸’型反射板(根据24块漫反射平板连接起来总的结构性状，可以制成一块圆弧‘凸’型反射板来替代它，反射版(402)见图4)，按太阳高度角较小的情况考虑安装角度，正南向(在北半球)布置的反射板(本申请也称为‘补偿镜’)的安装角度和尺寸(比例)标注在附图4上面(附图4适用北半球北回归线以北地区，以南地区，可在图上适当拖动‘补偿镜’(圆弧)，向下，向太阳能电池方向，在图上模拟并检查是否符合要求；当然附图4和这个办法也适用南半球)。(全套设施包括的太阳能光热发电装置在具体实施方式中详细叙述)。
这个技术方案使本发明具有如下显著特点：在移动充电方面，实现电动汽车在较高的时速条件下，允许一定的颠簸，和小范围的左右机动，实现运动中稳定充电，整个装置比较安全，而且工程经济成本较低。在太阳能移动充电系统供电方面，提高了光伏发电产品总的发电量和光伏发电产品的性价比。本发明让固定不动的太阳能光伏电池或其组件，在某纬度上，一年四季，一天到晚，总体上得到的光照较多。太阳能电池板在得到光照较弱时，我们用廉价的反光材料反光，去补偿光照较弱的情况，使光伏发电产品能较长时间达到或接近额定电量输出。用廉价材料提高了发电量，性价比得到提高。应用上的延伸，提高了本发明的应用价值。显然这种性价比较高的太阳能装置可以使用在其他类似场合。
附图说明
图1太阳能移动充电设施的太阳能发电装置平面布置图，其中光热发电(101)，太阳能电池板(102)，光照补偿镜(103)，高速公路隔离带(104)。图2是机电连接臂的结构及配套器件原理图，其中机电连接臂(201)，带可伸缩保护外壳的连接接口(202)，电动汽车上的连接接口(203)，灭弧 吸收电路(204)，灭弧吸收电路(206)，储能超级电容(205)。图3是电动汽车移动供电、充电工作原理图，其中触滑轨(道)(301)，触滑轨(道)(311)，行驶车轮(可以成为‘集电轮’使用)(302)，集电靴(303)，机电连接臂(304)，(集电)小车(308)，回收轮收绳器(305)万向节(306)，万向节(307)，触滑轨承载用的，‘下空’支架(309)，连接电缆可伸缩保护套筒(312)，它靠机电连接臂(304)连动。图4是太阳能光伏发电板和补偿镜组合的结构、尺寸、效果图，其中光照补偿镜(402)，被补偿光照的太阳能电池板(401)，前方太阳能电池板(403)，光照补偿镜(402)圆弧的圆心(404)。图5是太阳能光热系统结构原理图，其中正南聚光集热板(501)，偏西聚光集热板(502)，偏东聚光集热板(503)，汽包(504)，电磁阀(505)、电磁阀(506)、电磁阀(507)、电磁阀(508)，液态工质入口(509)，汽态工质出口(510)，视图分界(511)，左图为俯视，右图为前视。图6是太阳能光热用聚光镜和‘集热器’原理图，其中聚光镜(601)，‘集热器’(602)，能提高介质温度的‘集热器’(603)。图7是储热装置原理图，其中潜热物质储存罐(701)，‘载热介质’管道(702)，潜热物质(703)，显热物质(704)，‘载热介质’总进管(705)，‘载热介质’总出管(706)，储热池(707)。图8是太阳能移动充电设施结构原理简图。
具体实施方式
首先分析借鉴现有技术并提出改进措施(城市有轨、无轨电车，地铁、电气化铁路、高铁，工厂移动供电技术等)；考虑到这个技术领域已经公开多个电动汽车移动充电方案，但没能大面积推广；考虑这些情况，故提出这些技术要点和注意事项：
⑴两线供电，为安全，一线要可靠接地。可以采用直流供电，或交流供电，安置电流吸收电路，在汽车跳动时，以及受电弓和导电索它们接触和脱离时(正常情况下，要先断开负荷)，可以大幅度减少受电弓和导电索它们之间可能出现的电火花，以减少电力的无益消耗，和受电弓与导电索的无谓损耗，以及减少电火花的无线电干扰。
⑵采用较高电压(如1500伏，试验期可以采用较低电压)，以减少两者间通过的电流。
⑶电动交通工具上如有两个受电弓，每个受电弓的长度要小于两供电线的线距，并保证有足够的安全间隙。
⑷受电弓的两端头为圆弧型，以减少非正常横向进出的冲击；供电线的端头也为圆弧型，以减少非正常纵向进出的冲击。接地线的位置要保证，受电弓先进后出接地线。
⑸电动交通工具上安装有光扫描或电感应传感器，用传感器给出的位置相对信号来决定受电弓的状态：待命或接触。受电弓不用时则完全收起。
⑹用先接触后接通电；先断电后脱离接触方式。
⑺压缩空气分大孔和微孔进入“弓架”气缸，大孔保证受电弓适时升起，微孔保持汽缸气压并保证异常时迅速放气，受电弓迅速放下。
⑻供电线路和受电弓材料、结构参照现有的有轨电动交通工具，比如“线”用导电良好并耐磨的钛合金；“弓”采用石墨滑板，石墨滑板磨损严重到寿命使用终点、或破损及断裂时，支撑的压缩空气能迅速逸出，“弓架”迅速放下。
⑼线路走向为“之”字形，“之”字形的幅度要小一些，给电动汽车左右机动留有一定的余地。并保证线路在正常直行时在石墨滑板中间滑动，距离为石墨滑板长度的三分之一，剩余三分之二为机动。
⑽在行驶路线上安置线路行驶标记，保证行驶中供电导线在受电弓石墨滑板中间滑动，在使用自动驾驶装置时，滑动距离放宽增加到石墨滑板长度的三分之二，机动为三分之一。自动驾驶时，是依靠传感器扫描线路上的标志来识别的。
⑾可用移动充电桩方式：在道路一侧有横向超薄形作为移动充电桩的小车，该小车悬挂在轨道上，并可在轨道上行走，接触网线走向亦为“之”字形，取电也用受电弓；这个可充电的道路入口有摄像装置，以取得要充电车辆的车牌等信息，充电和用电量的计量器具安装在该小车上，电量数据通过互联网上传；万向臂上阴型插座以手动或自动方式连接到被充电设备(电动交通工具)上。另一方案是该小车的全部机构安装在要充电的车辆上，在停车或行驶状态时均可自动将小车悬挂到轨道上完成充电过程，或脱离轨道收起。细节见图分析。受电弓为塑料绝缘底版，一字排列两 块石墨滑板，注意绝缘间隙，和雨水短路问题。
⑿为解决太阳能发电的不均衡问题，可使用储能设施，储备和提供电力。这里提供一种储热储能设施：它有紧密排列形状规则的钢制容器状的储热单元，储热单元是中空的，并在里面放入纯水，排掉其他气体。陡峭的山坡上安置铁链，装有廉价石材的箱体放置在铁链上，铁链和驱动发电系统连接，实现储能和补充供电；这个系统，也可以用蓄电池，有条件可联接电网。充电线路沿途采用应适镜防眩LED灯智能控制对充电的车辆照明，车辆在充电路线上只需开启信号灯，前后车辆应有距离控制。
这种电动汽车的充电供电可以用一种移动充电供电模块来完成。该模块运行在空中弹性尼龙空心单轨上，限位为左右，导电索在单轨两旁，钛合金导电索走双之字，石墨尼龙中空受电弓授电；模块与充电汽车为弓臂柔性机电连接，压缩空气和弓的张力迫使弓臂张开，使受电弓上抬工作，牵引和充电连接，在汽车顶部后面的中间；压缩空气用微型气泵产生，双回路供电，气包和汽缸用微管道连接，石墨破裂或泄露即失压；紧急时采用限力“熔断”脱离，“熔断器”用“泡抹海绵铝”材料，缆绳迅速收回，并保证绳头柔软轻盈，避免新的损害；模块行走为被动主动式，被动时由充电汽车拖行，模块行走电机发电返网，主动方式采用选通变频、限流供电，靠异步滑动进行主被动转换。智能网络移动计费。智能控制移动中模块间的距离。智能车找模块。脱离分为：正常自动脱离、激光定位脱离、机械限位紧急脱离，收回。
这种移动充电模块，我们也可以称它为一种移动充电桩，也可以行走在两根用钢管连接成的线路上；一根管线承重，一根管线限位；电动车辆与移动充电模块之间用磁性插头座，实现之间的电气连接；磁性插头座的磁性是依靠电流实现的，可以通过电流来控制；移动充电模块的行走有两种方式：电动车辆的拖行，和电动自行；臂的张度限位，断电消磁，脱离；臂的张度设有限制，并分离后迅速折叠缩回收藏。
总的看来这种移动充电模块技术方案的关键点在于本方案的重要思路：“受电弓、集电靴要安装在平稳运动的载体上”，其中在轨道上移动装置是可用的，该载体要适度压紧轨道，要适度限制左右移动范围，它跳动小，不论是导电索还是接触轨的供电和移动中的受电弓或集电靴接触都比较良好，当然还包括吸收电路等其他技术措施，它们协同保证了电动汽车的供电和充电工作正常。
为此对上述技术进行对比、浓缩、集成、提升，提出本发明太阳能移动充电设施具体技术方案(本申请认为的最佳方案，该技术方案用于电动汽车行驶速度在每小时160公里以下的情况)：
电动汽车在较高时速下实现移动供电、充电，具体的设施和措施如下：①它是一种移动供电、充电设施。②采用(供电的)触滑轨(道)(301)、(311)和转接‘集电’小车，利用接触轨(301)、(311)、集电靴(303)、(行驶)‘集电’轮(302)、机电连接臂(304)等完成移动供电、充电的方案。③若干技术措施：关键技术之一是机电连接臂(304)，它的功能是完成‘集电小车’(308)和电动汽车的电气和机械的连接，其连接用电磁力；单方给电是力度较弱的机械连接，在停车时用；双方同时给电，并形成异性磁极是力度较强的机械连接，在行车牵引(‘集电小车’)时用；双方同时给电，并形成同性磁极，为脱离；牵引力度超过电磁力，是强行脱离；‘机电连接臂’一般固定在‘集电小车’上，它有自动收起机构，脱离时收起；双方连接处都有电气触点，机械连接时，电气同时完成连接。同一电极的集电靴和‘集电轮’相并联，减少电气断开机会；并安装完善的灭弧电路。如果需要，还可安装‘机电连接臂’自动寻找对位装置，实现自动连接。已及安装无线网络自动收费、缴费的器件，完成电费的扣缴。小车行驶时始终在触滑轨的上方，该线路在道路两侧，两触滑轨也可高低平行布置，处在低位的触滑轨接地。
安装小车进出装置：线路上方有索道，不用的小车被挂到索道上，要使用的小车放到线路上。
太阳能光伏发电设施安置在道路一侧的上方，太阳能光热发电设施安置在道路边上。
这些技术及其结合产生如下显著特点：⒈带补偿的光伏发电在充电线路上方，对地面生态光照影响小，支架和空间得到充分利用。光热发电在路边，荒地易找，充电的线路很短，损耗小。⒉中间过渡的集电、充电小车可以做的很轻，因利用了充电车辆的重量，受电轮、集电靴能够压紧导电的触滑轨，保证它们良好接触，电流的通过，而充电车辆又被轻微抬起(由弹簧控制力度)，所以不增加能耗。⒊ ‘集电小车’在平滑轨道上能够平稳行驶，充电车辆和小车的连接由于有限万向节和弹簧的关系，充电车辆的颠簸和左右摆动，对小车影响很小，保证了充电的可靠。⒋小车和充电车辆的连接靠连接臂，连接臂和小车的连接是柔性的，连接臂和充电车辆之间靠电磁力连接，接口在充电车辆的尾部，连接臂的走向向前且能自动回缩并卡在安全位置，另外小车向下的受力点在它的中心，小车向下的受力点在它的中心，好控制，较安全。⒌前后四轮能左右转动，其角度被限制在15°及以下，使得通过弯道灵活，轮子向外倾斜5°～25°，对左右适当限位。⒍安装的电流吸收电路，减少了电气干扰，及机件磨损。
在本案中实现对太阳能光伏发电补偿的‘凸’面反射镜最佳参数是通过实验寻找的；在本案中实现对太阳能光热发电的‘复合’反射镜最佳参数也是通过实验寻找的。
这种太阳能光伏补偿组合装置亦适合公路的太阳能发电。所发的电可用于电动汽车的移动供电和充电。本案太阳能光伏补偿的工作原理也可在太阳能光热装置中运用。在本案中实现对太阳能光热补偿的最佳参数也是通过实验寻找的，亦可以使用反射板(402)(补偿镜)来提高光照。
在现有技术中，聚光太阳能中、高温光热装置带有机电跟踪装置。本实施例是一种聚光太阳能中高温光热装置，使用复合抛物面聚光(PCP)(本申请简称‘复合镜’)，没有机电跟踪装置。本发明实施具体方案如下：它由‘复合镜’光热组件(501)、‘复合镜’光热组件(502)、‘复合镜’光热组件(503)构成光热单元；‘复合镜’光热组件则由‘复合镜’和光热元件组成；‘复合镜’光热元件由槽型‘复合镜’(601)和与其性能相配合的光热接受器(602)装配而成，所有光热元件的结构和参数相同，只是安装位置和角度不同；光热单元再与相适应的管路(图1中的管路)、汽包(504)及储热池(707)、控制用的电磁阀(505)电磁阀(506)电磁阀(507)电磁阀(508)相联组成光热系统；光热接受器可带有提高实际聚光比的光热隔离器，亦可用带选择性涂层的真空管形式。‘复合镜’光热组件前方有‘光照补偿镜’(402)。
储热装置由能够很好隔热、耐压的外罐体和储热效能极高的储热单元组成；储热单元内部是中空的，里面没有其他气体，30％～50％左右的空间是纯水，主要是利用水的蒸发潜热很高的特点来高效储热；这样的储热单元每单位重量(或每单位体积)的储热能力很强，储热能力与成本价格的比值也比较高。储热单元外型设计为正六边形柱，可进行紧凑布置；用圆形钢管则成本比较低。储热单元有外热式和内热式；内热式流动的工质不容易受到污染，但流动工质进出的管路的布置要复杂一些，成本也要高一些。其他储热填充物可以是固体加流体，或全部用流体，流体应淹没储热单元和其他储热填充物。他们各有优缺点，用外热式还是用内热式，要因地制宜。
储热罐内放置储热体，储热罐要抽真空，放入可蒸发沸腾的液体，其蒸发热尽可能高，用价格低廉的材料，比如水；亦可放入其他不产气(汽)的潜热材料，安全性会更好些，比如PE、PG混合材料、混合溶盐、氢氧化物、金属氢化物等。
本实施例的积极效果和显著特点还有：不需要跟踪太阳光的机电控制装置，经济(投资与管理)成本低；与已公开的太阳能免跟踪聚光技术方案比，因为有‘补偿镜’光照要强一些，受热介质温度更高。可用于太阳能光热发电，亦可应用于空调、制冷、介质加热。
除‘复合镜’、‘补偿镜’的工作反射面、光热接受器外；‘复合镜’、‘补偿镜’的其他外表面，以及其他所有装置外表面，以及支架等均可涂上反射能力很强的漫反射涂料，以增加本装置接受的光线；和增加周围其他物体接受的光线，以利于太阳能的互补利用(如光热光伏互补及生物互补)。为进一步提高本光热装置下方植物的光照，复合镜、补偿镜的反射材料或涂层可以采用光谱选择性材料，实现相应的透光，反光。
本案中的有关技术：在不同要求的条件下，可简化及替换，只要技术特征总体或部分与本案相同，即在本专利申请要求的保护范围内。

Claims (6)

  1. 一种电动汽车太阳能移动供电、充电设施，其技术特征是：为行驶车辆供电、充电的设施采用直流或交流供电，电送在触滑轨(301)和触滑轨(311)上，其中易暴露一侧的线(轨)接地，承载触滑轨的支架(309)和非接地轨(线)有良好的绝缘；该设施设有(行驶)‘集电’轮(302)和集电靴(303)的(转接)‘集电’小车(308)在触滑轨(301)和触滑轨(311)上行驶；小车(308)中间下方有能自动缩回，并能与充电车辆保持电气和机械连接，有电磁力机构的机电连接臂(304)；机电连接臂(304)和小车(308)的机械连接用万向节(306)，机电连接臂(304)有回缩弹簧机构和带发条的回收轮收绳器(305)，还有供电、充电用的接口(202)；该轨道线路在道路两侧上方；小车被牵引的受力点在它下方的中心，前后共有四个轮子均能左右转动，转动角度用限位机构限制在15°及以下，接触轨在弯道处与之作相应配合，轮子下方向外倾斜5°～25°，轨道亦作相应的倾斜；这样就能成为较好稳定完成电动汽车太阳能移动供电、充电的设施。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述而构建的电动汽车太阳能移动供电、充电设施，其技术特征是它还带有电路灭弧装置(204)或电路灭弧装置(206)和‘超级电容’储电装置(205)；(转接)‘集电’小车(308)两端头还安装有防碰撞缓冲装置；两触滑轨也可以高低平行布置。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述而构建的电动汽车太阳能移动供电、充电设施，其技术特征是所述的太阳能光伏发电设施安置在道路一侧充电线路的上方，太阳能光伏电池板(401)带有补偿反射镜(402)，用来增加太阳能发电量。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述而构建的电动汽车太阳能移动供电、充电设施，其技术特征是所述的太阳能光热发电设施安置在道路边上，它有聚光不用机电跟踪的复合(抛物线)聚光镜(601)，以及‘凸’型的补偿反射镜(402)，和能提高介质温度的集热器(603)，还带有热能储备装置。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述而构建的电动汽车太阳能移动供电、充电设施，其技术特征是与其配套的有电磁力控制和带保护装置的机械、电气接口(203)安装在被供电、充电的汽车尾部，该电动汽车还安装有灭弧吸收电路(204)或(206)。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述而构建的电动汽车太阳能移动供电、充电设施，其技术特征是线路上(转接)‘集电’小车有这样的进出装置：线路上方有索道，不用的小车被挂到索道上，要使用的小车放到线路上。
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