WO2022053065A1 - Biomarqueur utilisé pour prédire ou évaluer des patients atteints d'un cancer du poumon, procédé de détection et application - Google Patents

Biomarqueur utilisé pour prédire ou évaluer des patients atteints d'un cancer du poumon, procédé de détection et application Download PDF

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WO2022053065A1
WO2022053065A1 PCT/CN2021/118274 CN2021118274W WO2022053065A1 WO 2022053065 A1 WO2022053065 A1 WO 2022053065A1 CN 2021118274 W CN2021118274 W CN 2021118274W WO 2022053065 A1 WO2022053065 A1 WO 2022053065A1
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lung cancer
immune checkpoint
biomarker
checkpoint inhibitor
patients
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PCT/CN2021/118274
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Chinese (zh)
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孙继亚
彭波
徐伟
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信达生物制药(苏州)有限公司
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
    • C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
    • C12Q1/68—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving nucleic acids
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
    • G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
    • G01N33/53—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor
    • G01N33/574—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor for cancer

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the field of biological diagnosis, in particular to biomarkers and uses thereof, and more particularly to a biomarker that can diagnose PD1/PDL1 pathway immune checkpoint inhibitors combined with chemotherapeutic drugs for predicting or evaluating the prognosis of lung cancer patients.
  • Cancer has always been one of the leading causes of death in the world, and has become a major disease that seriously endangers human life and health and restricts social development.
  • Today, the incidence and death toll of cancer are still rising rapidly.
  • Epidemiological data show that in 2018, there were 18.1 million new cancer cases worldwide and 9.6 million cancer deaths.
  • the number of new cancer cases and deaths in my country were about 4.292 million and 2.814 million, respectively, equivalent to an average of 12,000 new cancer cases and 7,500 cancer deaths every day. It can be seen that cancer has become the main cause of death in China, seriously threatening people's health and life, and causing huge public health problems.
  • lung cancer ranks first in the incidence of malignant tumors in my country.
  • the estimated results show that there were about 787,000 new lung cancer cases in my country in 2015, the incidence rate was 57.26/100,000, and the winning rate was 35.96/100,000.
  • the other high-incidence malignant tumors are gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, liver cancer and breast cancer, etc.
  • the top 10 malignant tumors account for about 76.70% of all malignant tumors.
  • non-small cell lung cancer accounts for about 80% to 85% of all lung cancer cases, and about 70% of NSCLC patients have locally advanced or metastatic disease that is not suitable for surgical resection at the time of diagnosis.
  • NSCLC non-small cell lung cancer
  • EGFR epidermal growth factor
  • First-line EGFR inhibitors are recommended for patients with EGFR-mutated advanced NSCLC.
  • the ALK rearrangement rate is about 3%
  • the ALK inhibitor crizotinib is recommended for first-line patients with ALK-rearranged advanced NSCLC.
  • the standard first-line treatment for advanced non-squamous NSCLC in China without EGFR mutation and ALK rearrangement is platinum-containing double-drug chemotherapy, and the survival time after failure of first-line chemotherapy is only 6-9 months. Therefore, the development of new drugs for recurrent or advanced non-squamous NSCLC still needs A long way to go.
  • Immune checkpoint inhibitors (such as anti-PD-1 antibody or anti-PD-L1 antibody) are used as treatment NSCLC, especially relapsed or metastatic advanced NSCLC, provides a new clinical avenue for first-line treatment.
  • pembrolizumab was approved for non-small cell lung cancer.
  • nivolumab was also approved for marketing in non-small cell lung cancer; in December 2018, sintilimab was launched for the indication of Hodgkin's lymphoma, and immunological clinical trials for various indications are currently underway, including Also first-line non-squamous NSCLC.
  • TMB tumor mutational burden
  • MSI microsatellite instability
  • TMB tumor necrosis factor
  • PD-L1, MSI-H, etc. can predict the efficacy.
  • PD-L1 expression is not a good biomarker.
  • TMB the efficacy of immunotherapy can be predicted, different platforms are used for TMB detection in clinical experiments. The detection and analysis accuracy is not enough, and it is not suitable for the prediction of combination therapy, so we need to find a better biomaker To predict or evaluate the efficacy of combination therapy.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an effective lung cancer biomarker for overcoming the defects in the prior art.
  • the present invention solves the above technical problems through the following technical solutions.
  • One of the technical solutions of the present invention is: a biomarker for predicting or evaluating the prognosis and efficacy of lung cancer patients, and the biomarker is CASP8 and/or ADAP2.
  • the biomarkers also include: ITGB2, MPP1, PIK3AP1, GBGT1, RAB27A, CD180, NEK6, RLN3, CD84, DRAM1, HLA-DMB, OTULIN, HELZ, VDR, HLA-DPA1, MX2, FUCA1 , one or more of MKRN1.
  • the inventors unexpectedly found that the above-mentioned genes are the genes most significantly associated with PFS of immune combination therapy in the tumor microenvironment, and their expression in patients who responded to immune combination therapy was higher than that in non-responders.
  • the immune combination can be conventional in the art, for example, a PD1 immune checkpoint inhibitor combined with a second therapeutic agent.
  • the second technical solution of the present invention is: the application of the biomarker according to the one of the technical solutions in the preparation of a diagnostic reagent for predicting or evaluating the prognosis and curative effect of lung cancer patients, and the patients have been administered PD1/PDL1 pathway immune checkpoints Inhibitor; preferably, the patient has been administered a PD1/PDL1 pathway immune checkpoint inhibitor in combination with a second therapeutic agent.
  • the third technical solution of the present invention is as follows: the biomarkers described in one of the technical solutions have a therapeutic effect after screening and administering PD1 or PDL1 pathway immune checkpoint inhibitor or PD1 or PDL1 pathway immune checkpoint inhibitor combined with a second therapeutic agent application in lung cancer patients.
  • the fourth technical solution of the present invention is: a kit for predicting or evaluating the prognosis of a patient after administration of a PD1/PDL1 pathway immune checkpoint inhibitor or a combination of a PD1/PDL1 pathway immune checkpoint inhibitor combined with a second therapeutic agent,
  • the kit contains reagents for detecting the expression level of the biomarkers described in one of the technical solutions.
  • the expression level can be determined by any convenient method, and many suitable techniques are known in the art.
  • suitable techniques include: real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR), digital PCR, microarray analysis, whole transcriptome shotgun sequencing (RNA-SEQ), direct multiplex gene expression analysis, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), protein Chips, flow cytometry (eg, Flow-FISH of RNA, also known as FlowRNA), mass spectrometry, Western blots, and northern blots.
  • the reagents may be reagents suitable for determining the expression of the gene in question using any of the techniques described herein, such as RT-qPCR, digital PCR, microarray analysis, whole transcriptome shotgun sequencing, or direct multiplex gene expression analysis.
  • the kit may include primers suitable for determining the expression of the gene in question using, eg, T-qPCR, digital PCR, microarray analysis, whole transcriptome shotgun sequencing or direct multiplex gene expression analysis. The design of suitable primers is routine and within the skill of the artisan. Kits for direct multiplex gene expression analysis may also or alternatively include fluorescent probes for determining the expression of the gene in question.
  • kits may also include RNA extraction kits and/or reagents for reverse transcription of RNA into cDNA.
  • the kit may also include one or more articles of manufacture and/or reagents for carrying out the method, such as buffers, and/or a device for obtaining the test sample itself, such as a device for obtaining and/or isolating the sample, and Containers for processing samples (these components are usually sterile).
  • one or more articles of manufacture and/or reagents for carrying out the method such as buffers, and/or a device for obtaining the test sample itself, such as a device for obtaining and/or isolating the sample, and Containers for processing samples (these components are usually sterile).
  • the fifth technical solution of the present invention is: a system for predicting or evaluating the prognosis and efficacy of a patient after administration of a PD1/PDL1 pathway immune checkpoint inhibitor or a PD1/PDL1 pathway immune checkpoint inhibitor combined with a second therapeutic agent, said The system includes a tool and a computer for determining the expression level of the biomarker as described in one of the technical solutions.
  • the computer is programmed to predict the patient's treatment effect based on the patient's gene expression data.
  • the sixth technical solution of the present invention is: a method for predicting or evaluating the response of a patient diagnosed with cancer after administration of a PD1/PDL1 pathway immune checkpoint inhibitor or a PD1/PDL1 pathway immune checkpoint inhibitor combined with a second therapeutic agent , including the following steps:
  • the biomarkers described in one of the technical solutions are provided, based on the expression of each gene, and according to whether the gene is higher than the median of the expression level, the patients are divided into a high gene expression group and a low gene expression group, and the comparison The PFS of the two groups of patients, of which the patients in the high expression group had curative effect response.
  • biomarker described in one of the technical solutions of the present invention the application described in the second or third technical solution, the kit described in the fourth technical solution, the system described in the fifth technical solution, or the sixth technical solution. in the method:
  • the PD1/PDL1 pathway immune checkpoint inhibitor is preferably PD1 antigen binding protein or PDL1 antigen binding protein; wherein the PD1 antigen binding protein or PDL1 antigen binding protein is preferably a monoclonal antibody or a bispecific antibody, Multispecific antibodies; for example, nivolumab, pembrolizumab, silimumab, toripalizumab, camrelizumab, tislelizumab, sintilimab; atezolizumab, avelumab, durvalumab, adebrelimab, pacmilimab, envafolimab;
  • the PD1/PDL1 pathway immune checkpoint inhibitor is sintilimab.
  • the second therapeutic agent is a chemotherapeutic drug
  • the chemotherapeutic drug preferably includes pemetrexed, gemcitabine or paclitaxel, and platinum; wherein, the platinum is preferably cisplatin and/or carboplatin .
  • biomarker described in one of the technical solutions of the present invention the application described in the second or third technical solution, the kit described in the fourth technical solution, the system described in the fifth technical solution, or the sixth technical solution. in the method:
  • the lung cancer is preferably non-small cell lung cancer, more preferably advanced or recurrent non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer.
  • biomarker described in one of the technical solutions of the present invention the application described in the second or third technical solution, the kit described in the fourth technical solution, the system described in the fifth technical solution, or the sixth technical solution. in the method:
  • the marker CASP8 is used to predict or evaluate the prognostic efficacy of lung cancer patients with high CD8-T cell infiltration in the tumor environment
  • the marker ADAP2 is used to predict or evaluate the prognostic efficacy of lung cancer patients with low CD8-T cell infiltration in the tumor environment.
  • biomarkers of the present invention can be used for effective disease prediction or prognostic diagnosis, especially in the treatment of lung cancer with PD1/PDL1 pathway immune checkpoint inhibitor combined with chemotherapeutic drugs.
  • the term “efficacy” refers to the effect of a drug or medical method for treating a disease.
  • prognosis refers to a prediction of the likely outcome of a clinical condition or disease.
  • a patient's prognosis is generally determined by evaluating factors or symptoms indicative of a favorable or unfavorable disease process or outcome.
  • prognosis refers to an increased probability that a particular process or outcome will occur; that is, that process or outcome is more likely to exhibit a given disorder than individuals who do not exhibit the disorder occurred in patients.
  • Prognosis can be expressed as the amount of time a patient is expected to survive.
  • prognosis can refer to the likelihood of disease remission or the amount of time the disease is expected to remain in remission.
  • Prognosis can be expressed in different ways; for example, prognosis can be expressed as a percentage probability that a patient will survive after one year, five years, ten years, etc.
  • prognosis can be expressed as the average number of months that a patient can be expected to survive due to the condition or disease.
  • a patient's prognosis can be considered a relative performance, with many factors influencing the final outcome.
  • the prognosis may appropriately be expressed as the likelihood that the condition will be treatable or curable, or the likelihood that the disease will be in remission, while the prognosis of a patient with a more severe condition may be more appropriately expressed as survival specific possibility of time.
  • good prognosis is a relative term for predicting the likely outcome of a condition or disease.
  • a "good prognosis” in the general sense is a relatively good outcome compared to other possible prognosis associated with a particular condition.
  • Typical examples of good prognosis include better-than-average cure rates, lower propensity to metastasize, longer life expectancy, benign processes other than cancer processes, etc.
  • prediction refers to judging the post-administration response based on certain parameters of the patient prior to administration.
  • the patient is administered a PD1/PDL1 pathway immune checkpoint inhibitor combined with a second therapeutic agent (eg, a chemotherapeutic drug) to determine the therapeutic effect of the patient according to the gene expression level of the patient.
  • a second therapeutic agent eg, a chemotherapeutic drug
  • assessing refers to judging the effect of treatment in a patient after administration.
  • the therapeutic effect of a patient is determined after administration of a PD1/PDL1 pathway immune checkpoint inhibitor combined with a second therapeutic agent (eg, a chemotherapeutic drug).
  • a second therapeutic agent eg, a chemotherapeutic drug
  • Figure 1 is a comparison of the PFS curves of unanalyzed sample patients (226 cases) and analyzed sample patients (171 cases) in Combo and Chemo.
  • Figure 2 shows the correlation analysis between the expression levels of 20 genes and the PFS of patients in the Combo and Chemo groups, respectively.
  • the line segment shown is the HR 95% confidence interval.
  • FIG 3 shows the Combo group was divided into high-infiltration and low-infiltration groups of CD8-T cells according to the median CD8A expression, and the HR and PValue values of the 20 genes in the two groups were investigated for the correlation analysis with PFS.
  • the line segments shown are the HR 95% confidence intervals.
  • Figure 4(A, D) shows the association analysis of CASP8 and ADAP2 genes and PFS in all samples in Combo group and Chemo group
  • (B, C) shows that in Combo group, CASP8 is highly infiltrated and low in CD8-T cells, respectively Association analysis with PFS in the infiltration group
  • (E, F) In the Combo group, the association analysis of ADAP2 with PFS in the CD8-T cell high infiltration and low infiltration groups, respectively.
  • the present invention is a combination of sintilimab combined with chemotherapy drugs pemetrexed and platinum or placebo combined with chemotherapy drugs pemetrexed and platinum in Chinese subjects with advanced or recurrent non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer.
  • placebo combined with pemetrexed, cisplatin or carboplatin was used as a parallel control, and the patients received sintilimab or placebo combined with pemetrexed, cisplatin or carboplatin for 4 cycles, and then received sintilimab or placebo combined with pemetrexed, cisplatin or carboplatin.
  • Limumab or placebo monotherapy plus pemetrexed maintenance therapy, and the maximum duration of sintilimab treatment was 24 months.
  • Placebo including 140mmol/L mannitol, 25mmol/L histidine, 20mmol/L sodium citrate dihydrate, 50mmol/L sodium chloride, 0.02mmol/L disodium edetate (EDTA) sodium), 0.2 mg/mL polysorbate 80, pH 6.0.
  • Example 1 Multicenter, multicenter, first-line treatment of sintilimab combined with pemetrexed and platinum-based chemotherapy or placebo combined with pemetrexed and platinum-based chemotherapy in subjects with advanced or recurrent non-squamous NSCLC Randomized, double-blind phase III study
  • Sintilimab (Pemetrexed for injection) and platinum, this group is called the treatment group (Combo), 266 patients.
  • Carboplatin AUC5 (calculated using Calvert formula), the dose of carboplatin should not exceed 750mg.
  • AUC area under the curve, area under the plasma concentration-time curve
  • the estimated CrCl used in the Calvert formula must not exceed 125ml/min
  • FFPE Paraffin-Embedded, paraffin-embedded RNA sequence samples
  • Example 1 The 171 patients in Example 1 were subjected to correlation analysis between the expression levels of protein-coding genes and PFS before treatment (113 Combo and 58 Chemo).
  • the above 20 genes can be used as significant biomarkers for predicting or evaluating the treatment effect of the Combo group, indicating that lung cancer patients, especially advanced or recurrent non-squamous NSCLC patients can benefit from PD1 inhibitor sintilimab combined with chemotherapy drug pemetrexed Trexed, platinum (cisplatin or carboplatin) therapy; and NEK6 can also be used as a biomarker for predicting or evaluating the prognosis of traditional chemotherapy drugs.
  • CD8-T cells are an important indicator for observing immune cell infiltration in cancer tissues
  • CD8A is a marker gene in CD8-T cells.
  • the median expression of CD8A gene in 171 patients divided the patients in Combo group into high CD8-T cell infiltration group and CD8-T cell low infiltration group, and further screened 20 genes for better biomarkers.
  • the associations between these 20 genes and PFS were investigated respectively.
  • ADAP2 had the smallest HR value in the CD8-T cell low infiltration group and The PValue value was the smallest and most significant; the HR value of CASP8 in the CD8-T cell high infiltration group was the smallest and the PValue value was the smallest and most significant.
  • the Combo group was divided into a high CD8-T cell infiltration group and a CD8-T cell low infiltration group, and the relationship between the high and low expression of CASP8 and PFS was investigated, as shown in Figure 4(B)
  • Figure 4(C) in the CD8-T cell high infiltration group, the CASP8 high expression group and the low expression group had significant differences in PFS; as shown in Figure 4(C), in the CD8-T cell low infiltration group, the CASP8 high expression group There was no significant difference between the PFS of the low expression group.
  • the HR of CASP8 in the Combo group was 0.26 (Fig. 4A).
  • the relationship between the CASP8 high-expression group and the low-expression group and PFS was investigated in the high T cell infiltration group and the CD8-T cell low infiltration group. It can be found that the HR in the CD8-T cell high infiltration group in the Combo group increased to 0.09 (Fig. 4B).
  • CASP8 and ADAP2 can be used as predictive biomarkers to select patients with better response to tumor immune combination therapy (especially anti-PD1 antibody combined with chemotherapy drugs).
  • CASP8 was more able to predict the treatment effect of the high CD8-T cell infiltration group
  • ADAP2 was the best predictor of CD8-T cell infiltration. Treatment effect in the low infiltration group.
  • CASP8 and/or ADAP2 gene that can predict or evaluate the therapeutic effect of PD1/PDL1 pathway immune checkpoint inhibitors combined with chemotherapy drugs in the treatment of lung cancer patients, especially sintilimab combined with pemetrexed, platinum (Cisplatin or carboplatin) plays a significant role in predicting or evaluating the therapeutic effect in the treatment of patients with advanced or recurrent non-squamous NSCLC, that is, when the expression of these genes is higher than the median expression level, it means that these patients will be treated with subsequent treatment.

Abstract

L'invention concerne un biomarqueur du cancer du poumon, un procédé de détection et une application associée. Le biomarqueur du cancer du poumon comprend les gènes suivants : CASP8 et/ou ADAP2, ou comprend en outre un ou plusieurs des gènes suivants : ITGB2, MPP1, PI3K3AP1, GBGT1, RAB27A, CD180, RLN3, CD84, DRAM1, HLA-DMB, OTULIN, HELZ, VDR, HLA-DPA1, MX2, FUCA1, MKRN1 et NEK6, lesdits gènes étant les gènes les plus significativement associés à la PFS de l'immunothérapie combinée dans le micro-environnement tumoral. L'utilisation du biomarqueur du cancer du poumon peut jouer un bon rôle dans la prédiction ou l'évaluation de l'efficacité pronostique du traitement avec des inhibiteurs de points de contrôle immunitaire de la voie PD1/PDL1 associés à des médicaments de chimiothérapie.
PCT/CN2021/118274 2020-09-14 2021-09-14 Biomarqueur utilisé pour prédire ou évaluer des patients atteints d'un cancer du poumon, procédé de détection et application WO2022053065A1 (fr)

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CN116287253A (zh) * 2023-02-22 2023-06-23 武汉科技大学 一种肺癌分子标志物及其应用
CN116386903A (zh) * 2023-06-06 2023-07-04 中国医学科学院肿瘤医院 一种小细胞肺癌肿瘤间和肿瘤内异质性解读方法

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CN116386903B (zh) * 2023-06-06 2023-11-10 中国医学科学院肿瘤医院 一种小细胞肺癌肿瘤间和肿瘤内异质性解读方法

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