WO2022048666A1 - 一种高稳定性短半径造斜钻井工具 - Google Patents

一种高稳定性短半径造斜钻井工具 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022048666A1
WO2022048666A1 PCT/CN2021/116719 CN2021116719W WO2022048666A1 WO 2022048666 A1 WO2022048666 A1 WO 2022048666A1 CN 2021116719 W CN2021116719 W CN 2021116719W WO 2022048666 A1 WO2022048666 A1 WO 2022048666A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
short
transmission
drilling tool
elastic
radius
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PCT/CN2021/116719
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
徐梓辰
万晓跃
杨忠华
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万晓跃
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Publication of WO2022048666A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022048666A1/zh

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
    • E21B7/04—Directional drilling
    • E21B7/06—Deflecting the direction of boreholes
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B17/00—Drilling rods or pipes; Flexible drill strings; Kellies; Drill collars; Sucker rods; Cables; Casings; Tubings
    • E21B17/20—Flexible or articulated drilling pipes, e.g. flexible or articulated rods, pipes or cables
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B17/00—Drilling rods or pipes; Flexible drill strings; Kellies; Drill collars; Sucker rods; Cables; Casings; Tubings
    • E21B17/20—Flexible or articulated drilling pipes, e.g. flexible or articulated rods, pipes or cables
    • E21B17/206—Flexible or articulated drilling pipes, e.g. flexible or articulated rods, pipes or cables with conductors, e.g. electrical, optical
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
    • E21B7/04—Directional drilling
    • E21B7/06—Deflecting the direction of boreholes
    • E21B7/061—Deflecting the direction of boreholes the tool shaft advancing relative to a guide, e.g. a curved tube or a whipstock

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of drilling, in particular to a high-stability short-radius deflection drilling tool.
  • the short-radius directional drilling technology has engineering feasibility and practical value for the development of multi-layer oil and gas fields, the development of thin layers, the development of remaining oil, the development of coalbed methane and the development of other types of minerals.
  • directional wells with a curvature radius of 30° to 90°/30m should be defined as medium and short radius directional wells, and directional wells with a curvature radius of 90° to 300°/30m should be defined as short radius directional wells.
  • directional wells with a radius greater than 300°/30m are defined as ultra-short radius directional wells.
  • the invention provides a high-stability short-radius deflection drilling tool.
  • the steering tool for guiding the short section (200) realizes the highly flexible bending of the self-resetting flexible drill pipe (300) with extremely low guiding force, and correspondingly, the self-resetting drilling
  • the rod provides stable WOB and support for the steered sub, avoiding the buckling of the flexible drill pipe interfering with the precision of the steered sub for steered drilling.
  • the wellbore curvature is controllable during the drilling process, and the control difficulty is greatly reduced.
  • a high-stability short-radius deflection drilling tool comprising a steering sub-section (200) and a drill bit (100) arranged at the front end of the steering sub-section (100), further comprising:
  • a centralizer (400) which is arranged on the outside of the self-resetting flexible drill pipe (300) and the distance from the front end of the drill bit (100) is not more than 3 meters;
  • the self-resetting flexible drill pipe (300) includes a plurality of mutually hinged transmission short joints (310, 320); the hinge mainly refers to the use of spherical hinges or joints;
  • the short transmission joint (310) provides a restoring force for maintaining a coaxial state for the hinge structure (340) at the hinged position through the straightening mechanism (330).
  • the straightening mechanism (330) includes an elastic restoring mechanism and/or an elastic thrust restoring mechanism and/or a hydraulic thrust restoring mechanism.
  • the straightening mechanism (330) provides a restoring force at the hinge point of the transmission sub-section (310, 320) to maintain a coaxial state at least to overcome the radial component force generated at the hinge point by the rated maximum weight on bit; the leveling
  • the straight mechanism (330) is arranged inside the short transmission joints (310, 320); the transmission short joints (310, 320) extend along the axial direction thereof with a through structure (360), and the through structure (360) is provided with a drilling circulation The flow channel through which the medium circulates.
  • a straightening mechanism is provided at the hinge including at least two adjacent transmission sub-sections (310, 320) behind the guide sub-section, and one end of the straightening mechanism (330) is provided at the hinged input end (341), The other end is provided at the hinged output end (342) thereof; the straightening mechanism (330) is arranged along the axial direction of the short transmission joint (310), and at least one end is along the axial direction of the short transmission joint (310) sliding; or the straightening mechanism (330) is an elastic tube, the straightening mechanism (330) runs through a plurality of the short transmission joints (310, 320), and is connected with each short transmission joint (310, 320) A fulcrum structure (350) is provided, and the restoring force of the straightening mechanism (330) maintaining the coaxial state is transmitted to the transmission short joints (310, 320) through the fulcrum structure (350), for every two adjacent The hinged joints of the drive nipples (310, 320) provide a restoring
  • a limit mechanism (370) is provided in the short transmission joints (310, 320), and the limit mechanism (370) limits the deflection angle between adjacent short transmission joints (310, 320) to be no greater than 5° .
  • the straightening mechanism (330) is an elastic recovery mechanism, comprising an elastic tube (331) at least one end of which slides along the axial direction of the transmission sub-section (310); every two adjacent transmission sub-sections (331)
  • One elastic tube (331) is provided at the hinge structure (340) of 310, 320); or one elastic tube (331) penetrates through the through structure (360) of the plurality of short transmission joints (310, 320) ; or a plurality of the elastic tubes (331) penetrate through the through structures (360) of the plurality of transmission short joints (310, 320); the drilling circulating medium circulates in the pipeline of the elastic tubes (331).
  • the fulcrum structure (350) between the elastic tube (331) and the short transmission joints (310, 320) includes several protruding structures provided on the outer side of the elastic tube (331); the elastic tube (331) Each of the short transmission joints (310, 320) is independently supported by the protruding structure, so as to provide a restoring force for maintaining the coaxial state at the hinged joint of two adjacent transmission short joints (310, 320); so A plurality of the fulcrum structures (350) are provided, wherein the axial length between any two fulcrum structures (351, 352) is not less than 15mm, and is not greater than the axial length of the short transmission joint; or, the fulcrum structure (350) is a centralizing support structure, that is, there are at least two support points between the elastic tube and any transmission short joint on the outer side, so as to realize the coaxial state of the elastic tube and the transmission short joint at the corresponding position on the outer side.
  • the transmission sub joint (310, 320) includes a ball head (311, 321), a ball seat (312, 322) and a transmission ball (313), the ball head (311) of the first transmission sub joint (310) and the second transmission ball (311)
  • the ball seat (322) of the short joint (320) is connected to form the hinge structure (340), the ball head (311) of the first transmission short joint (310) and the ball seat of the second transmission short joint (320) (322)
  • the deflection angle in the state where the structure does not reach the dead center is not 0° to 5°; specifically, the front end surface and the rear end surface of the adjacent transmission short joints make the deflection angle between the adjacent transmission joints is limited to 0° to 5°; or, the ball head (311, 321) is provided with a plurality of hemispherical grooves (314) at the largest diameter, corresponding to the hemispherical groove (314), the ball seat (312, 322) is at the largest hole diameter There are several strip-shaped transmission grooves (315
  • the straightening mechanism (330) is an elastic thrust reset mechanism, comprising an elastic member (332) and a force transmission member (333), and the outer side of the force transmission member (333) is provided with a stepped shaft; the ball seat
  • the ball head hole (312) extends in the direction of the ball head (311) and is provided with an elastic member accommodating cavity (316), the elastic member (332) is coaxially connected to the elastic member accommodating cavity (316), and the elastic member (332)
  • One end is positioned at the stepped shaft, and the other end is positioned at the extension end of the elastic member accommodating cavity (316); the large shaft end of the force transmission member (333) is connected to the adjacent second
  • the ball head (321) of the transmission sub joint (320) is in abutting contact, and the force transmission member (333) and the ball head (321) include at least three contact points or line contact or surface contact.
  • the straightening mechanism (330) is a hydraulic thrust reset mechanism, comprising a piston (334) provided with an axial through hole, and a shoulder (3341) is provided in the middle of the outer side surface of the piston (334);
  • a piston accommodating hole (317) extends from the ball head hole of the ball seat (312) in the direction of the ball head (311). ) cooperate to form the hydraulic holes of the high pressure chamber (335) and the low pressure chamber (336);
  • the high pressure chamber (335) communicates with the through structure ( 360), the low-pressure chamber (336) communicates with the annular space outside the transmission short joint through the low-pressure hole (3121) provided in the ball seat (312).
  • a measurement and control circuit (210), a guide actuator (220) and an electrical actuator (230) are provided in the guide short joint (200).
  • the self-resetting flexible drill pipe 300 is provided with an electrical circuit (500), the electrical circuit (500) is arranged on the inner wall of the elastic tube (331), and the electrical circuit (500) is connected to the The transmission sub-sections (310, 320) rotate synchronously, and the electrical circuit is electrically connected to the measurement and control circuit (210) and the electrical actuator (230).
  • the minimum distance between the hinge center points of any two hinge structures (340) in the self-reset flexible drill rod (300) is less than 8 times the diameter of the drill bit (100).
  • the advantages of the present invention lie in that: the high stability short-radius deflection drilling tool of the present invention is realized in the short-radius well section by the self-resetting flexible drill pipe (300) formed by the transmission sub-section with limited rotation deflection angle.
  • the WOB torque transmission and rotational power transmission are independently supported by the straightening mechanism (330) to ensure that the WOB can be stably transmitted to the guide pup joints, and will not be excessive due to the articulated transmission pup joints.
  • Oscillation leads to instability of steering control, so as to meet the requirement of wellbore trajectory accuracy in short-radius wellbore drilling; since the self-resetting flexible drill pipe (300) of the high-stability short-radius deflection drilling tool of the present invention can pass through the hinged structure Cooperate with the straightening mechanism to achieve bending within a certain angle range, and the force required to achieve the bending is much lower than the bending of conventional drill pipes or drill collars, so the steering tool can be used with extremely low steering force (lateral force) Realize steering to improve the engineering feasibility and practical value of short-radius directional drilling technology for multi-layer oil and gas field development, thin layer development, remaining oil potential, coalbed methane development and other types of minerals.
  • Fig. 1 is the overall structure schematic diagram of an embodiment of the high-stability short-radius deflection drilling tool according to the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the transmission sub-section 310 in the high-stability short-radius deflection drilling tool according to the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of a self-resetting flexible drill pipe 300 in the high-stability short-radius deflection drilling tool according to the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the straightening mechanism 330 of the transmission sub-section in the high-stability short-radius deflection drilling tool according to the present invention
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the flow channel assembly structure of the high-stability short-radius deflection drilling tool according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the assembly structure of the spring plate of the high-stability short-radius deflection drilling tool according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the power supply and communication system of the high-stability short-radius deflection drilling tool according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of the static offset steering system of the steering tool of the steering pup joint 200 in the high-stability short-radius deflection drilling tool according to the present invention
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of the fulcrum structure 350 of the high-stability short-radius deflection drilling tool according to the present invention.
  • Fig. 10 is a structural diagram of an embodiment of the elastic thrust reset mechanism of the high-stability short-radius deflection drilling tool according to the present invention.
  • Fig. 11 is a partial enlarged structural diagram of the elastic thrust restoring mechanism described in Fig. 10;
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the hydraulic thrust reset mechanism of the high-stability short-radius deflection drilling tool according to the present invention.
  • 200-Guide short joint 210-Measurement and control circuit; 220-Guide actuator; 230-Electrical actuator; 240-Rotary valve; 250-Guide sleeve; 251-Drive mandrel; Electric power rotation transmission receiving end; 271-front composite bearing; 272-rear composite bearing;
  • 330-straightening mechanism 331-elastic tube; 332-elastic part; 333-force transmission part; 334-piston; 3341-shoulder; 3342-radial through hole; 335-high pressure chamber, 336-low pressure chamber; 340- hinge structure; 341- hinge input end; 342- hinge output end; 337- elastic plate; 338- elastic rod; 339- spring;
  • 500-electrical line 600-mud pulser; 700-power supply; 800-inverter nipple.
  • a high-stability short-radius deflection drilling tool as shown in Figures 1-2, comprising a steering sub-section (200), a drill bit (100) provided at the front end of the steering sub-section (100), and a self-resetting flexible drill pipe (300) and a centralizer (400), the front end of the self-resetting flexible drill pipe (300) is fixedly connected with the rear end of the guide short joint (200), and the rear end of the self-resetting flexible drill pipe (300)
  • the overdrive interface (306) is connected to a rotary drive power device or other drill string; to obtain the rotary drilling power required for rotary drilling.
  • connection mode between the self-resetting flexible drill pipe (300) and the guide short joint (200) may be any connection mode that can realize the transmission of drilling pressure and torque, such as threaded connection and coupling connection.
  • the driving interface (306) is preferably a screw thread
  • the rotary driving device can be various types of drilling rigs, drilling machines or downhole power drilling tools, and the rotary driving device can also be a mud motor located in the wellbore, a rotary driving device located at the wellhead.
  • top drive or rotary drive head wherein the rotary drive head mainly refers to the component that drives the rotation of the drill string in a horizontal drilling rig or other types of directional drilling rigs, in addition, the wellhead includes a wellhead located on the surface, or a wellhead located in a roadway or orifice.
  • the high-stability short-radius deflection drilling tool can be connected with other types of drill pipes through the driving interface (306) at its rear end, and the drill pipe is driven by the drilling rig to rotate, and further drives the high-stability short-radius deflection drilling according to the present invention
  • the tool rotates to realize rotary drilling with a controllable trajectory, wherein the steering sub-joint (200) is a steering sub-joint of any principle, and any type of steering sub-joint that can realize the steering function under the condition of rotary drilling is within the protection scope of this patent Inside.
  • the front refers to the pointing end of the drill bit (200), and the rear refers to the end away from the drill bit (200).
  • the self-resetting flexible drill pipe (300) can steerably transmit the drilling pressure and torque to the guide sub-section (200). That is, the axis of the self-reset flexible drill rod (300) can be bent.
  • the centralizer (400) is arranged on the outside of the self-resetting flexible drill pipe (300), and the distance between the centralizer (400) and the front end of the drill bit (100) is not greater than 3 meters, so as to ensure that the drill bit (100) is in the self-resetting flexible drill rod (100). When the rod (300) is bent, it can still drill smoothly.
  • the self-resetting flexible drill pipe (300) includes a plurality of mutually hinged transmission sub-sections (310, 320), and the articulation mainly refers to the use of ball joints or joints; the transmission sub-sections (310) are connected by a straightening mechanism ( 330) provides a restoring force to maintain the coaxial state of the hinge structure (340) at its hinge.
  • the straightening mechanism (330) is preferably an elastic restoring mechanism and/or an elastic thrust restoring mechanism and/or a hydraulic thrust restoring mechanism.
  • At least 20 transmission short joints (310) are arranged to further ensure the stability of the guide short joint (200). Since the high-stability short-radius deflection drilling tool is steered and drilled in a rotating state in the short-radius wellbore, under this condition, the self-resetting flexible drill pipe (300) is generally rotated during the directional drilling process, so its frictional force
  • the main component is the tangential direction of the circumference of the self-resetting flexible drill pipe (300), a plurality of mutually hinged transmission sub-sections (310, 320) form an array, and the centralizer (400) at the front end of the array can greatly reduce the circumference
  • the friction force in the tangential direction enables trajectory control in ultra-short radius wellbore.
  • the high-stability short-radius deflection drilling tool of the present invention can easily realize the highly flexible bending of the self-resetting flexible drill pipe (300) on the basis of realizing the WOB torque transmission, and the straightening mechanism (330) is connected with the straightening mechanism (330).
  • the cooperation of the hinged structure (340) enables the steering tool of the steering sub-section (200) to be steered with an extremely low steering force, so as to improve the development of thin layers, the potential tapping of remaining oil, multi-layer oil and gas commingled production, etc. by the short-radius directional drilling technology.
  • the straightening mechanism (330) is arranged along the axial direction of the short transmission joint (310), and at least one end slides along the axial direction of the short transmission joint (310).
  • the straightening mechanism (330) is prevented from being stretched or compressed when the self-resetting flexible drill pipe (300) is bent. Thus, the size and design difficulty of the straightening mechanism are reduced.
  • the straightening mechanism (330) provides a restoring force at the hinge point of the transmission sub-sections (310, 320) to maintain a coaxial state, at least capable of overcoming the radial component force generated at the hinge point by the rated maximum WOB. That is, when the hinge structure (340) is deflected by any angle, the restoring force of the straightening mechanism (330) to drive the hinge input end (341) and the hinge output end (342) to restore the coaxial state can overcome the rated value of the angle.
  • the radial component force generated by the weight-on-bit that drives the articulation input end (341) and the articulation output end (342) to further deflect, so that the articulation input end (341) and the articulation output end (342) have a restored coaxial state The trend is to ensure that the weight on bit is transmitted forward along the axis with the smallest curvature as much as possible.
  • the straightening mechanism (330) is arranged inside the short transmission joints (310, 320); the short transmission joints (310, 320) extend along the axial direction thereof with a through structure (360), and the through structure (360) is provided with The flow channel for the circulation of drilling circulating medium.
  • At least two transmission sub-sections (310, 320) are included behind the guide sub-section, and a straightening mechanism (330) is provided at the hinge structure (340) of the two transmission sub-sections (310, 320), One end of the straightening mechanism (330) is provided at its hinged input end (341), and the other end is provided at its hinged output end (342); and at least one end slides along the axial direction of the short transmission joint (310); the straightening mechanism (330) is preferably an elastic tube.
  • the straightening mechanism (330) is arranged along the axial direction of the short transmission joint (310), and at least one end slides along the axial direction of the short transmission joint (310).
  • the straightening mechanism (330) is prevented from being stretched or compressed when the self-resetting flexible drill pipe (300) is bent. Thus, the size and design difficulty of the straightening mechanism are reduced. Or the straightening mechanism (330) penetrates through a plurality of the short transmission joints (310, 320), and a fulcrum structure (350) is provided between the short transmission joints (310, 320), and the straightening mechanism (330) )
  • the restoring force for maintaining the coaxial state is transmitted to the transmission sub-sections (310, 320) through the fulcrum structure (350), so as to provide coaxiality for the hinged joint of every two adjacent transmission sub-sections (310, 320) Status responsiveness.
  • the length of the transmission sub-sections (310, 320) is not more than 1.5 meters; the included angle between the axes of every two adjacent transmission sub-sections (310, 320) is not more than 8°.
  • the length of the axis from the front end surface of the drill bit (100) to the rear end surface of the self-resetting flexible drill pipe (300) is greater than the preset axis length of the drilled short-radius lateral well.
  • at least 20 sections of the short transmission joints (310) are arranged next to the short guide joints (200) to ensure the stability of the short guide joints.
  • the hinge structure (340) may be a universal joint. It should be noted that, in any of the short transmission joints (310, 320), one end close to the direction of the drill bit is the hinge input end (341), the other end is the hinge output end (342), and the hinge input end (341) And the hinged output end (342) only indicates the transmission direction of the rotary drilling power, and does not specifically refer to the specific structure.
  • the universal joint of the present invention is preferably a rigid universal joint, that is, a universal joint that can transmit rotational power at a variable angle without generating a bending moment. And the output end of the first transmission sub-section on the front side is coaxially and fixedly connected with the input end of the guide sub-section (200). In order to make full use of the straightening mechanism (330), the coaxial relationship between the guide sub-section (200) and several adjacent transmission sub-sections is maintained.
  • a limiting mechanism (370) is arranged in the short transmission joints (310, 320), and the limiting mechanism (370) limits the deflection (between axes) between adjacent short transmission joints (310, 320).
  • the included angle) angle is not more than 5°.
  • the straightening mechanism (330) is an elastic restoring mechanism, and the restoring force generated by the elastic restoring mechanism should be greater than 20,000 sin ⁇ N, where ⁇ is the deflection between the short transmission joints (310, 320) (between the axes). angle) angle.
  • the elastic recovery mechanism includes at least one end of an elastic tube (331) that slides along the axial direction of the short transmission joint (310); the hinge structure (340) of every two adjacent transmission short joints (310, 320) is One of the elastic tubes (331) is provided; or one of the elastic tubes (331) penetrates through the through structure (360) of the plurality of the short transmission joints (310, 320); or a plurality of the elastic tubes (331) Passing through the through structures (360) of the plurality of transmission sub-sections (310, 320); the drilling circulating medium circulates in the pipeline of the elastic pipe (331).
  • the fulcrum structure (350) between the elastic tube (331) and the short transmission joints (310, 320) includes a A plurality of protruding structures; the elastic tube (331) independently supports each of the transmission sub-sections (310, 320) through the protruding structures, and provides retention for the hinged joint of two adjacent transmission sub-sections (310, 320) Restoring force in a coaxial state; the fulcrum structure (350) is provided with multiple, wherein the axial length between any two fulcrum structures (351, 352) is not less than 15mm, and is not greater than the axis of the transmission sub joint or, the fulcrum structure (350) is a righting support structure, that is, there are at least two supporting points between the elastic tube and any transmission short section on the outer side, for realizing the transmission short section at the corresponding position of the elastic tube and its outer side in the coaxial state.
  • the elastic recovery mechanism can also be elastic members such as elastic plates 337 and/or elastic rods 338 and/or springs 339, which are inserted between the transmission short joints (310, 320).
  • the short transmission joints (310, 320) include ball joints (311, 321), ball seats (312, 322) and transmission balls (313), and the first transmission short joint (310)
  • the ball head (311) of the second transmission short joint (320) is connected with the ball seat (322) of the second transmission short joint (320) to form the hinge structure (340).
  • the deflection angle between the ball seats (322) of the two transmission short joints (320) is not 0° to 5° when the structural dead center is not reached;
  • the deflection angle between the adjacent transmission joints is limited to 0° to 5°; or the ball head (311, 321) is provided with a number of hemispherical grooves (314) at the largest diameter, corresponding to the hemispherical grooves (314), so
  • the ball seats (312, 322) are provided with a plurality of strip-shaped transmission grooves (315) at the largest hole diameter, and the transmission balls (313) are located in the hemispherical groove (314) and the corresponding strip-shaped transmission groove (315) formed.
  • the transmission ball (313) moves back and forth along the bar-shaped transmission groove (315) driven by the hemispherical groove (314); the bar-shaped transmission groove (315) moves along the The axial extension of the ball seat, the axial length of the strip-shaped transmission groove (315) connects the ball head (311) of the first transmission sub-joint (310) with the ball seat (311) of the second transmission sub-section (320).
  • the deflection angle between 322) is limited to 0° ⁇ 5°, and at this time, the bar-shaped transmission groove (315) is also a limiting mechanism (370).
  • the straightening mechanism (330) is an elastic thrust reset mechanism, including an elastic member (332) and a force transmission member (333), the force transmission member (333) is outside the A stepped shaft is provided on the side, and an axial through hole is opened inside; the ball head hole of the ball seat (312) extends in the direction of the ball head (311) with an elastic member accommodating cavity (316), and the elastic member (332) and the ball head (312).
  • the elastic member accommodating cavity (316) is coaxially connected, one end of the elastic member (332) is positioned at the stepped shaft, and the other end is positioned at the extension end of the elastic member accommodating cavity (316); the The large shaft end of the force transmission member (333) is in abutting contact with the ball head (321) of the adjacent second transmission short joint (320), and the force transmission member (333) is in contact with the ball head to (321) ) includes at least 3 points of contact or line contact or surface contact.
  • the straightening mechanism (330) is a hydraulic thrust reset mechanism, including a piston (334) with an axial through hole, and a middle position of the outer side of the piston (334) is provided with The shoulder (3341); the ball head hole of the ball seat (312) extends in the direction of the ball head (311) and is provided with a piston accommodating hole (317), and the middle position of the piston accommodating hole (317) is radially extended There are hydraulic holes that cooperate with the piston (334) to form a high pressure chamber (335) and a low pressure chamber (336); the high pressure chamber (335) passes through the high pressure hole (3342) provided in the piston (334).
  • the left end of the piston (334) is in contact with the ball head or through the force transmission member (333). Lateral ribs.
  • a measurement and control circuit ( 210 ), a guide actuator ( 220 ) and an electric actuator ( 230 ) are provided in the guide short joint ( 200 ).
  • the electric actuator (230) rotates by driving the rotary valve 240, so that the guiding actuator (220) can complete the guiding function.
  • FIG. 1 As a preferred technical solution, as shown in FIG. 1 , FIG. 8 and FIG. 10 , a measurement and control circuit ( 210 ), a guide actuator ( 220 ) and an electric actuator ( 230 ) are provided in the guide short joint ( 200 ).
  • the electric actuator (230) rotates by driving the rotary valve 240, so that the guiding actuator (220) can complete the guiding function.
  • the guide tool of the guide short section (200) is a static offset guide, and further includes a guide sleeve (250), a driving mandrel (251), a power rotation transmission sending end (261), a power rotation transmission receiving end (262), a front composite bearing (271), and a rear composite bearing (272).
  • the self-resetting flexible drill pipe 300 is provided with an electrical circuit (500), and the electrical circuit (500) is arranged in the flow channel inside the self-resetting flexible drill pipe (300), preferably in an elastic on the inner wall of the pipe (331), and the electrical circuit (500) rotates synchronously with the transmission sub-sections (310, 320), and the electrical circuit is electrically connected to the measurement and control circuit (210) and the electrical actuator (230), for The measurement and control circuit (210) and the electrical actuator (230) are powered.
  • the electrical circuit (500) is arranged in the flow channel inside the self-resetting flexible drill pipe (300), preferably in an elastic on the inner wall of the pipe (331), and the electrical circuit (500) rotates synchronously with the transmission sub-sections (310, 320), and the electrical circuit is electrically connected to the measurement and control circuit (210) and the electrical actuator (230), for The measurement and control circuit (210) and the electrical actuator (230) are powered.
  • the end of the self-resetting flexible drill pipe (300) can be provided with a power source and a mud pulser, and the power source can be a downhole turbine generator , the downhole turbine generator supplies power to the measurement and control circuit (210) and the electrical actuator (230) through the electrical circuit (500); the mud pulser communicates with the measurement and control circuit (210) through the electrical circuit (500). ) to realize communication, and further transmit the information in the measurement and control circuit (210) to the ground through pressure pulse waves.
  • the power source can be a downhole turbine generator
  • the downhole turbine generator supplies power to the measurement and control circuit (210) and the electrical actuator (230) through the electrical circuit (500)
  • the mud pulser communicates with the measurement and control circuit (210) through the electrical circuit (500).
  • the minimum distance between the hinge centers of any two hinge structures (340) in the self-resetting flexible drill pipe (300) is less than 8 times the diameter of the drill bit (100).
  • a plurality of transmission sub-sections (310, 320) that are hinged to each other and have the same structure form a transmission sub-section array
  • the self-resetting flexible drill pipe (300) may further include a plurality of the transmission sub-section arrays, and Several transmission subs with the same hinge structure but different lengths can be arranged between each transmission sub array.

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Abstract

一种高稳定性短半径造斜钻井工具，其包括钻头（100）、导向短节（200）以及自复位柔性钻杆（300），自复位柔性钻杆（300）包括多个相互铰接的传动短节（310，320），在实现钻压扭矩传递的基础上，可轻易实现钻杆（300）的高柔性的弯曲，各个传动短节（310，320）通过矫直机构（330）为其铰接处的铰接结构（340）提供保持同轴状态的回复力，可使导向短节（200）的导向工具以极低的导向力实现导向，矫直机构（330）沿传动短节（310，320）的轴向布置，且至少有一端沿传动短节（310，320）的轴向产生滑动，使得矫直机构（330）在钻杆（300）整体弯曲时不会发生受拉、或受压的情况，进而降低矫直机构（330）的设计难度。

Description

一种高稳定性短半径造斜钻井工具 技术领域
本发明涉及钻井技术领域，特别是一种高稳定性短半径造斜钻井工具。
背景技术
短半径定向钻井技术对多层的油气田开发、薄层的开发、剩余油挖潜、煤层气开发以及其他种类矿物的开发具有工程可行性和实用价值。
部分学者认为，应将曲率半径在30°～90°/30m的定向井定义为中短半径定向井，将曲率半径在90°～300°/30m的定向井定义为短半径定向井，将曲率半径大于300°/30m以上的定向井定义为超短半径定向井。
目前，在钻井过程中，经常发生井眼曲率太小，导致造斜段太长，处于转弯状态的井段会产生大量的无效进尺，经济效益差且增加了施工井段的作业难度。
发明内容
本发明提供一种高稳定性短半径造斜钻井工具，导向短节(200)的导向工具以极低的导向力实现自复位柔性钻杆(300)高柔性的弯曲，相应的，自复位钻杆为导向短节提供稳定的钻压及支撑，避免柔性钻杆的屈曲干扰导向短节实施导向钻井的精度。使得钻井过程中井眼曲率可控，且控制难度大幅降低。
本发明技术方案如下：
一种高稳定性短半径造斜钻井工具，包括导向短节(200)和设于导向短节(100)前端的钻头(100)，还包括：
自复位柔性钻杆(300)，前端与所述导向短节(200)的后端固定连接、后端通过驱动接口(306)与旋转驱动动力装置或其他钻柱相连；
扶正器(400)，设置于所述自复位柔性钻杆(300)外侧且与钻头(100)的前端之间的距离不大于3米；
所述自复位柔性钻杆(300)包括多个相互铰接的传动短节(310，320)；所述铰接主要指采用球铰或关节连接；
所述传动短节(310)通过矫直机构(330)为其铰接处的铰接结构(340)提供保持同轴状态的回复力。
作为优选，所述矫直机构(330)包括弹性回复机构和/或弹性推力复位机构和/或液压推力复位机构。
作为优选，所述矫直机构(330)为传动短节(310,320)的铰接处提供保持同轴状态的回复力至少能 够克服额定最大钻压在铰接点处产生的径向分力；所述矫直机构(330)设于所述传动短节(310,320)内部；所述传动短节(310,320)沿其轴线方向延伸有贯通结构(360)，所述贯通结构(360)内设有供钻井循环介质流通的流道。
作为优选，在导向短节后方包括至少两个相邻传动短节(310，320)的铰接处设置有矫直机构，所述矫直机构(330)一端设于其铰接输入端(341)、另一端设于其铰接输出端(342)；所述矫直机构(330)沿所述传动短节(310)的轴向布置，且至少有一端沿所述传动短节(310)的轴向产生滑动；或所述矫直机构(330)为弹性管，所述矫直机构(330)贯穿多个所述传动短节(310，320)，并与各个传动短节(310，320)间设置有支点结构(350)，所述矫直机构(330)保持同轴状态的回复力通过所述支点结构(350)传递到所述传动短节(310，320)，为每两个相邻传动短节(310，320)的铰接处提供保持同轴状态的回复力。作为优选，所述传动短节(310，320)的长度不大于1.5米；每两个相邻的所述传动短节(310，320)轴线之间的夹角不大于8°。
作为优选，所述传动短节(310，320)内设置有限位机构(370)，所述限位机构(370)限制相邻传动短节(310，320)之间的偏转角度不大于5°。
作为优选，所述矫直机构(330)为弹性回复机构，包括至少有一端沿所述传动短节(310)的轴向产生滑动的弹性管(331)；每两个相邻传动短节(310，320)的铰接结构(340)处设置一个所述弹性管(331)；或一根所述弹性管(331)贯穿多个所述传动短节(310，320)的贯通结构(360)；或多根所述弹性管(331)贯穿多个所述传动短节(310，320)的贯通结构(360)；所述钻井循环介质在所述弹性管(331)的管道内流通。
作为优选，所述弹性管(331)与所述传动短节(310，320)之间的支点结构(350)包括设于所述弹性管(331)外侧面的若干突出结构；所述弹性管(331)通过所述突出结构对每个所述传动短节(310，320)进行独立支撑，为两个相邻传动短节(310，320)铰接处提供保持同轴状态的回复力；所述支点结构(350)设置有多个，其中任意两个支点结构(351，352)之间的轴向长度不小于15mm，且不大于所述传动短节的轴线长度；或者，所述支点结构(350)为扶正支撑结构，即在所述弹性管与其外侧的任意传动短节间存在至少两个支撑点，用于实现弹性管与其外侧对应位置的传动短节处于同轴状态。
作为优选，所述传动短节(310，320)包括球头(311,321)、球座(312,322)和传动球(313)，第一传动短节(310)的球头(311)与第二传动短节(320)的球座(322)相对接形成所述铰接结构(340)，所述第一传动短节(310)的球头(311)与第二传动短节(320)的球座(322)之间未达到结构死点状态下的偏转角度未0°～5°；具体的，相邻所述传动短节的前端面和后端面将所述相邻传动节之间的偏转角度限定在0°～5°；或者，所述球头(311,321)直径最大处设有若干半球形槽(314)，对应所述半球形槽(314)，所述球座(312,322)孔径最大处设有若干条形传动槽(315)，所述传动球(313)位于所述半球形槽(314)和与之对应的条形传动槽(315)形成的容置腔内，且所述传动球(313)在所述半球形槽 (314)的带动下沿所述条形传动槽(315)来回移动；所述条形传动槽(315)沿所述球座的轴向延伸，所述条形传动槽(315)的轴向长度将所述第一传动短节(310)的球头(311)与第二传动短节(320)的球座(322)之间的偏转角度限定在0°～5°。
作为优选，所述矫直机构(330)为弹性推力复位机构，包括弹性件(332)和传力件(333)，所述传力件(333)外侧面设有台阶轴；所述球座(312)的球头孔向球头(311)方向延伸设有弹性件容置腔(316)，所述弹性件(332)与所述弹性件容置腔(316)同轴连接，所述弹性件(332)一端在所述台阶轴处定位、另一端在所述弹性件容置腔(316)的延伸端定位；所述传力件(333)的大轴端与所述相邻的第二传动短节(320)的球头(321)抵靠接触，所述传力件(333)与所述球头至(321)少包括3个接触点或线接触或面接触。
作为优选，所述矫直机构(330)为液压推力复位机构，包括设有轴向通孔的活塞(334)，所述活塞(334)的外侧面中间位置设有台肩(3341)；所述球座(312)的球头孔向球头(311)方向延伸设有活塞容置孔(317)，所述活塞容置孔(317)的中间位置沿径向延伸设有与所述活塞(334)相配合形成高压腔室(335)和低压腔室(336)的液压孔；所述高压腔室(335)通过设于所述活塞(334)的高压孔(3342)与所述贯通结构(360)相连通，所述低压腔室(336)通过设于所述球座(312)的低压孔(3121)与传动短节外部的环空相连通。
作为优选，所述导向短节(200)内设置有测控电路(210)、导向执行机构(220)和电气执行器(230)。
作为优选，所述自复位柔性钻杆300内设有电气线路(500)，所述电气线路(500)设置在所述弹性管(331)的内壁上，并且所述电气线路(500)与所述传动短节(310,320)同步运动旋转，所述电气线路电连接所述测控电路(210)和电气执行器(230)。
作为优选，所述自复位柔性钻杆(300)中任意两个铰接结构(340)的铰接中心点之间的最小距离低于钻头(100)直径的8倍。
本发明相对于现有技术优势在于：本发明所述高稳定性短半径造斜钻井工具，通过有限制转动偏转角度的传动短节形成的自复位柔性钻杆(300)实现短半径井段中的钻压扭矩传递和旋转动力传递，通过矫直机构(330)对每一节传动短节实现独立支撑，以保证钻压可以稳定的向导向短节传递，不会由于铰接传动短节的过度摆动而导致导向控制失稳，以满足短半径井眼钻探对井眼轨迹精度的需求；由于本发明所述高稳定性短半径造斜钻井工具的自复位柔性钻杆(300)可通过铰接结构和矫直机构的配合实现一定角度范围内的弯曲，且实现弯曲所需的力远远低于常规钻杆或钻铤的弯曲，因此可以使导向工具以极低的导向力(侧向力)实现导向，以提高短半径定向钻井技术对多层的油气田开发、薄层的开发、剩余油挖潜、煤层气开发以及其他种类矿物的开发的工程可行性和实用价值。
附图说明
图1是本发明所述高稳定性短半径造斜钻井工具一种实施方式的整体结构示意图；
图2是本发明所述高稳定性短半径造斜钻井工具中传动短节310一种实施方式的结构示意图；
图3是本发明所述高稳定性短半径造斜钻井工具中自复位柔性钻杆300一种实施方式的结构示意图；
图4是本发明所述高稳定性短半径造斜钻井工具中传动短节的矫直机构330一种实施方式的结构示意图；
图5是本发明所述高稳定性短半径造斜钻井工具的流道装配结构示意图；
图6是本发明所述高稳定性短半径造斜钻井工具的弹簧板装配结构示意图；
图7是本发明所述高稳定性短半径造斜钻井工具的供电及通讯系统示意图；
图8是本发明所述高稳定性短半径造斜钻井工具中导向短节200的导向工具之静态偏置式导向系统的结构示意图；
图9是本发明所述高稳定性短半径造斜钻井工具的支点结构350的结构示意图；
图10是本发明所述高稳定性短半径造斜钻井工具的弹性推力复位机构一种实施方式的结构意图；
图11是图10所述弹性推力复位机构局部放大结构意图；
图12是本发明所述高稳定性短半径造斜钻井工具的液压推力复位机构一种实施方式的结构示意图。
图中各标号为：
100-钻头；
200-导向短节；210-测控电路；220-导向执行机构；230-电气执行器；240-转阀；250-导向套筒；251-驱动芯轴；261-电能旋转传递发送端；262-电能旋转传递接收端；271-前复合轴承；272-后复合轴承；
300-自复位柔性钻杆；
310-第一传动短节；320-第二传动短节；311,321-球头；312,322-球座；313-传动球；314-半球形槽；315-条形传动槽；316-弹性件容置腔；317-活塞容置孔；3121-低压孔；
330-矫直机构；331-弹性管；332-弹性件；333-传力件；334-活塞；3341-台肩；3342-径向通孔；335-高压腔室，336-低压腔室；340-铰接结构；341-铰接输入端；342-铰接输出端；337-弹性板；338-弹性杆；339-弹簧；
350-支点结构；360-贯通结构；370-限位机构；
306-驱动接口；400-扶正器；
500-电气线路；600-泥浆脉冲器；700-电源；800-逆变短节。
具体实施方式
为了便于理解本发明，下面结合具体实施例和对比例，对本发明进行更详细的说明。
一种高稳定性短半径造斜钻井工具，如图1-2所示，包括导向短节(200)和设于导向短节(100)前 端的钻头(100)，还包括自复位柔性钻杆(300)和扶正器(400)，所述自复位柔性钻杆(300)的前端与所述导向短节(200)的后端固定连接，所述自复位柔性钻杆(300)的后端用过驱动接口(306)与旋转驱动动力装置或其他钻柱相连；以获取旋转钻井所需的旋转钻井动力。具体的，自复位柔性钻杆(300)与导向短节(200)的连接方式可以是螺纹连接、耦合连接等任意可以实现钻压扭矩传递的连接方式。所述驱动接口(306)优选为为丝扣，所述旋转驱动装置可以是各类型钻机、钻孔机或井下动力钻具，旋转驱动装置还可以是位于井眼中的泥浆马达、位于井口处的转盘、顶部驱动或旋转驱动头，其中，旋转驱动头主要指水平钻机或其他类型的定向钻机中驱动钻柱旋转的部件，此外，所述井口包括位于地面的井口，或者位于巷道中的井口或孔口。或高稳定性短半径造斜钻井工具可通过其后端的驱动接口(306)与其他类型的钻杆连接，由钻机驱动钻杆旋转，并进一步驱动本发明所述高稳定性短半径造斜钻井工具旋转，实现可控轨迹的旋转钻井，其中导向短节(200)为任意原理的导向短节，凡是可在旋转钻井条件下实现导向功能的任意种类的导向短节均在本专利的保护范围内。本发明所述前是指钻头(200)指向端，后是指远离钻头(200)的一端。
所述自复位柔性钻杆(300)能够向所述导向短节(200)可转向的传递钻压和扭矩。也即为所述自复位柔性钻杆(300)的轴线能够产生弯曲。所述扶正器(400)设置于所述自复位柔性钻杆(300)外侧且与钻头(100)的前端之间的距离不大于3米，以保证钻头(100)在所述自复位柔性钻杆(300)发生弯曲时，仍旧能够平稳钻进。
所述自复位柔性钻杆(300)包括多个相互铰接的传动短节(310，320)，所述铰接主要指采用球铰或关节连接；所述传动短节(310)通过矫直机构(330)为其铰接处的铰接结构(340)提供保持同轴状态的回复力。所述矫直机构(330)优选为弹性回复机构和/或弹性推力复位机构和/或液压推力复位机构。
紧挨所述导向短节(200)，设置有至少20节所述传动短节(310)，以进一步保障导向短节(200)的稳定性。由于高稳定性短半径造斜钻井工具在短半径井眼中以旋转状态导向钻进，这种条件下，自复位柔性钻杆(300)在定向钻井过程中大体上是旋转的，因此其摩擦力的主要分量为自复位柔性钻杆(300)的圆周切线方向，多个相互铰接的传动短节(310，320)形成阵列，且在阵列的前端设置扶正器(400)可以大幅度降低该圆周切线方向的摩擦力，使得超短半径井眼中的轨迹控制得以实现。
本发明所述高稳定性短半径造斜钻井工具，在实现钻压扭矩传递的基础上，可轻易实现自复位柔性钻杆(300)高柔性的弯曲，且所述矫直机构(330)与铰接结构(340)的配合可使导向短节(200)的导向工具以极低的导向力实现导向，以提高短半径定向钻井技术对薄层的开发、剩余油挖潜、多层油气合采、煤层气开发以及其他种类矿物的开发的工程可行性和实用价值。
所述矫直机构(330)沿所述传动短节(310)的轴向布置，且至少有一端沿所述传动短节(310)的轴向产生滑动。使得矫直机构(330)在自复位柔性钻杆(300)弯曲时不会发生受拉、或受压的情况。进而降低矫直机构的尺寸和设计难度。
作为优选技术方案，所述矫直机构(330)为传动短节(310,320)的铰接处提供保持同轴状态的回复力至少能够克服额定最大钻压在铰接点处产生的径向分力。也即为，在铰接结构(340)偏转任意角度时，所述矫直机构(330)驱使铰接输入端(341)和铰接输出端(342)恢复同轴状态的回复力可以克服该角度的额定钻压产生的驱使所述铰接输入端(341)和铰接输出端(342)进一步发生偏转的径向分力，使所述铰接输入端(341)和铰接输出端(342)具有恢复同轴状态的趋势，以尽可能的保障钻压沿最小曲率的轴线向前传递。
所述矫直机构(330)设于所述传动短节(310,320)内部；所述传动短节(310,320)沿其轴线方向延伸有贯通结构(360)，所述贯通结构(360)内设有供钻井循环介质流通的流道。
作为优选技术方案，在导向短节后方包括至少两个传动短节(310，320)，且两个传动短节(310，320)的铰接结构(340)处设置有矫直机构(330)，所述矫直机构(330)一端设于其铰接输入端(341)、另一端设于其铰接输出端(342)；所述矫直机构(330)沿所述传动短节(310)的轴向布置，且至少有一端沿所述传动短节(310)的轴向产生滑动；所述矫直机构(330)优选为为弹性管。所述矫直机构(330)沿所述传动短节(310)的轴向布置，且至少有一端沿所述传动短节(310)的轴向产生滑动。使得矫直机构(330)在自复位柔性钻杆(300)弯曲时不会发生受拉、或受压的情况。进而降低矫直机构的尺寸和设计难度。或所述矫直机构(330)贯穿多个所述传动短节(310，320)，并与各个传动短节(310，320)间设置有支点结构(350)，所述矫直机构(330)保持同轴状态的回复力通过所述支点结构(350)传递到所述传动短节(310，320)，为每两个相邻传动短节(310，320)的铰接处提供保持同轴状态的回复力。
作为优选技术方案，所述传动短节(310，320)的长度不大于1.5米；每两个相邻的所述传动短节(310，320)轴线之间的夹角不大于8°。当钻探短半径分支井时，所述钻头(100)前端面到所述自复位柔性钻杆(300)后端面的轴线长度大于所钻探短半径分支井的预设轴线长度。优选地，紧挨所述导向短节(200)，设置有至少20节所述传动短节(310)，用于保障导向短节的稳定性。
作为优选技术方案，所述铰接结构(340)可以是万向节。需要说明的是，在任意所述传动短节(310，320)中，靠近钻头方向的一端为铰接输入端(341)、另一端为铰接输出端(342)，所述铰接输入端(341)和铰接输出端(342)仅指示旋转钻井动力的传递方向，不特指具体结构。本发明所述的万向节优选为刚性万向节，即可在不产生弯矩条件下实现变角度传递旋转动力的万向节。且位于前侧第一个所述传动短节的输出端与所述导向短节(200)的输入端同轴固定连接。以充分利用所述矫直机构(330)保持导向短节(200)与邻近的若干传动短节之间的同轴关系。
作为优选技术方案，所述传动短节(310，320)内设置有限位机构(370)，所述限位机构(370)限制相邻传动短节(310，320)之间的偏转(轴线间的夹角)角度不大于5°。
作为优选技术方案，所述矫直机构(330)为弹性回复机构，所述弹性回复机构产生的回复力应大于20000sinαN，其中α为传动短节(310，320)之间的偏转(轴线间的夹角)角。
所述弹性回复机构包括至少有一端沿所述传动短节(310)的轴向产生滑动的弹性管(331)；每两个相邻传动短节(310，320)的铰接结构(340)处设置一个所述弹性管(331)；或一根所述弹性管(331)贯穿多个所述传动短节(310，320)的贯通结构(360)；或多根所述弹性管(331)贯穿多个所述传动短节(310，320)的贯通结构(360)；所述钻井循环介质在所述弹性管(331)的管道内流通。
作为优选技术方案，如图9所示，所述弹性管(331)与所述传动短节(310，320)之间的支点结构(350)包括设于所述弹性管(331)外侧面的若干突出结构；所述弹性管(331)通过所述突出结构对每个所述传动短节(310，320)进行独立支撑，为两个相邻传动短节(310，320)铰接处提供保持同轴状态的回复力；所述支点结构(350)设置有多个，其中任意两个支点结构(351，352)之间的轴向长度不小于15mm，且不大于所述传动短节的轴线长度；或者，所述支点结构(350)为扶正支撑结构，即在所述弹性管与其外侧的任意传动短节间存在至少两个支撑点，用于实现弹性管与其外侧对应位置的传动短节处于同轴状态。
作为优选技术方案，如图3-6所述弹性回复机构也可为穿设在传动短节(310，320)之间的弹性板337和/或弹性杆338和/或弹簧339等弹性构件。
作为优选技术方案，如图10-11所示，所述传动短节(310，320)包括球头(311,321)、球座(312,322)和传动球(313)，第一传动短节(310)的球头(311)与第二传动短节(320)的球座(322)相对接形成所述铰接结构(340)，所述第一传动短节(310)的球头(311)与第二传动短节(320)的球座(322)之间未达到结构死点状态下的偏转角度未0°～5°；具体的，相邻所述传动短节的前端面和后端面将所述相邻传动节之间的偏转角度限定在0°～5°；或者所述球头(311,321)直径最大处设有若干半球形槽(314)，对应所述半球形槽(314)，所述球座(312,322)孔径最大处设有若干条形传动槽(315)，所述传动球(313)位于所述半球形槽(314)和与之对应的条形传动槽(315)形成的容置腔内，且所述传动球(313)在所述半球形槽(314)的带动下沿所述条形传动槽(315)来回移动；所述条形传动槽(315)沿所述球座的轴向延伸，所述条形传动槽(315)的轴向长度将所述第一传动短节(310)的球头(311)与第二传动短节(320)的球座(322)之间的偏转角度限定在0°～5°，此时所述条形传动槽(315)同时也是限位机构(370)。
作为优选技术方案，如图10-11所示，所述矫直机构(330)为弹性推力复位机构，包括弹性件(332)和传力件(333)，所述传力件(333)外侧面设有台阶轴，内部开有轴向通孔；所述球座(312)的球头孔向球头(311)方向延伸设有弹性件容置腔(316)，所述弹性件(332)与所述弹性件容置腔(316)同轴连接，所述弹性件(332)一端在所述台阶轴处定位、另一端在所述弹性件容置腔(316)的延伸端定位；所述传力件(333)的大轴端与所述相邻的第二传动短节(320)的球头(321)抵靠接触，所述传力件(333)与所述球头至(321)少包括3个接触点或线接触或面接触。
作为优选技术方案，如图12所示所述矫直机构(330)为液压推力复位机构，包括设有轴向通孔的活塞(334)，所述活塞(334)的外侧面中间位置设有台肩(3341)；所述球座(312)的球头孔向球头(311) 方向延伸设有活塞容置孔(317)，所述活塞容置孔(317)的中间位置沿径向延伸设有与所述活塞(334)相配合形成高压腔室(335)和低压腔室(336)的液压孔；所述高压腔室(335)通过设于所述活塞(334)的高压孔(3342)与所述贯通结构(360)相连通，所述低压腔室(336)通过设于所述球座(312)的低压孔(3121)与传动短节外部的环空相连通。优选地，所述活塞(334)的左端与所述球头相接触或通过传力件(333)相接触，此时，传力件(333)包括设于所述活塞(334)左端圆周外侧面的翼肋。
作为优选技术方案，如图1、图8和图10所示，所述导向短节(200)内设置有测控电路(210)、导向执行机构(220)和电气执行器(230)。作为优选技术方案，如图1所示，所述电气执行器(230)通过驱动转阀240转动，进而使得导向执行机构(220)完成导向功能。作为优选技术方案，如图8所示，所述导向短节(200)的导向工具为静态偏置式导向，还包括导向套筒(250)、驱动芯轴(251)、电能旋转传递发送端(261)、电能旋转传递接收端(262)、前复合轴承(271)和后复合轴承(272)。
作为优选技术方案，所述自复位柔性钻杆300内设有电气线路(500)，所述电气线路(500)设置在所述自复位柔性钻杆(300)内部的流道中，优选设置在弹性管(331)的内壁上，并且所述电气线路(500)与所述传动短节(310,320)同步旋转，所述电气线路电连接所述测控电路(210)和电气执行器(230)，为所述测控电路(210)和电气执行器(230)供电。
作为系统的必要组成部分，如图7(省略了扶正器400)所示，所述自复位柔性钻杆(300)的末端可设置有电源和泥浆脉冲器，所述电源可以是井下涡轮发电机，所述井下涡轮发电机通过所述电气线路(500)为所述测控电路(210)和电气执行器(230)供电；所述泥浆脉冲器通过电气线路(500)与所述测控电路(210)实现通讯，并进一步的将所述测控电路(210)中的信息通过压力脉冲波传递至地面。
作为优选技术方案，所述自复位柔性钻杆(300)中任意两个铰接结构(340)的铰接中心点之间的最小距离低于钻头(100)直径的8倍。
作为优选技术方案，多个相互铰接且结构相同的传动短节(310，320)形成传动短节阵列，所述自复位柔性钻杆(300)还可包括多个所述传动短节阵列，且各个传动短节阵列之间可设置若干个铰接结构相同、但是长度不同的传动短节。
应当指出，以上所述具体实施方式可以使本领域的技术人员更全面地理解本发明，但不以任何方式限制本发明。因此，尽管本说明书参照附图和实施例对本发明已进行了详细的说明，但是，本领域技术人员应当理解，仍然可以对本发明进行修改或者等同替换，总之，一切不脱离本发明的精神和范围的技术方案及其改变，其均应涵盖在本发明专利的保护范围当中。

Claims (14)

  1. 一种高稳定性短半径造斜钻井工具，包括导向短节(200)和设于导向短节(100)前端的钻头(100)，其特征在于，还包括：
    自复位柔性钻杆(300)，前端与所述导向短节(200)的后端固定连接、后端通过驱动接口(306)与旋转驱动动力装置或其他钻柱相连；
    扶正器(400)，设置于所述自复位柔性钻杆(300)外侧且与钻头(100)的前端之间的距离不大于3米；
    所述自复位柔性钻杆(300)包括多个相互铰接的传动短节(310，320)，所述传动短节(310)通过矫直机构(330)为其铰接处的铰接结构(340)提供保持同轴状态的回复力。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述高稳定性短半径造斜钻井工具，其特征在于，所述矫直机构(330)包括弹性回复机构和/或弹性推力复位机构和/或液压推力复位机构。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述高稳定性短半径造斜钻井工具，其特征在于，所述矫直机构(330)设于所述传动短节(310,320)内部；所述传动短节(310,320)沿其轴线方向延伸有贯通结构(360)，所述贯通结构(360)内设有供钻井循环介质流通的流道。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述高稳定性短半径造斜钻井工具，其特征在于，在导向短节后方至少包括两个相邻传动短节(310，320)的铰接处设置有矫直机构，所述矫直机构(330)一端设于其铰接输入端(341)、另一端设于其铰接输出端(342)；或所述矫直机构(330)贯穿多个所述传动短节(310，320)，并与各个传动短节(310，320)间设置有支点结构(350)，所述矫直机构(330)保持同轴状态的回复力通过所述支点结构(350)传递到所述传动短节(310，320)，为每两个相邻传动短节(310，320)的铰接处提供保持同轴状态的回复力。
  5. 根据权利要求3所述的一种高稳定性短半径造斜钻井工具，其特征在于，所述传动短节(310，320)的长度不大于1.5米；每两个相邻的所述传动短节(310，320)轴线之间的夹角不大于8°。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述高稳定性短半径造斜钻井工具，其特征在于，所述传动短节(310，320)内设置有限位机构(370)，所述限位机构(370)限制相邻传动短节(310，320)之间的偏转角度不大于5°。
  7. 根据权利要求4或6所述高稳定性短半径造斜钻井工具，其特征在于，所述矫直机构(330)为弹性回复机构，包括至少有一端沿所述传动短节(310)的轴向产生滑动的弹性管(331)；每两个相邻传动短节(310，320)的铰接结构(340)处设置一个所述弹性管(331)；或一根所述弹性管(331)贯穿多个所述传动短节(310，320)的贯通结构(360)；或多根所述弹性管(331)贯穿多个所述传动短节(310，320)的贯通结构(360)；所述钻井循环介质在所述弹性管(331)的管道内流通。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述高稳定性短半径造斜钻井工具，其特征在于，所述弹性管(331)与所述传动短节(310，320)之间的支点结构(350)包括设于所述弹性管(331)外侧面的若干突出结构；所述弹性管(331)通过所述突出结构对每个所述传动短节(310，320)进行独立支撑，为两个相邻传动短节(310， 320)铰接处提供保持同轴状态的回复力；所述支点结构(350)设置有多个，其中任意两个支点结构(351，352)之间的轴向长度不小于15mm，且不大于所述传动短节的长度。
  9. 根据权利要求6所述高稳定性短半径造斜钻井工具，其特征在于，所述第一传动短节(310)的球头(311)与第二传动短节(320)的球座(322)之间未达到结构死点状态下的偏转角度为0°～5°。
  10. 根据权利要求1或9所述高稳定性短半径造斜钻井工具，其特征在于，所述矫直机构(330)为弹性推力复位机构，包括弹性件(332)和传力件(333)；所述球座(312)的球头孔向球头(311)方向延伸设有弹性件容置腔(316)，所述弹性件(332)与所述弹性件溶置腔同轴连接；所述传力件(333)的端面与所述相邻的第二传动短节(320)的球头(321)抵靠接触。
  11. 根据权利要求1或9所述高稳定性短半径造斜钻井工具，其特征在于，所述矫直机构(330)为液压推力复位机构，包括设有轴向通孔的活塞(334)，所述活塞(334)的外侧面中间位置设有台肩(3341)；所述球座(312)的球头孔向球头(311)方向延伸设有活塞容置孔(317)，所述活塞容置孔(317)的中间位置沿径向延伸设有与所述活塞(334)相配合形成高压腔室(335)和低压腔室(336)的液压孔；所述高压腔室(335)通过设于所述活塞(334)的高压孔(3342)与所述贯通结构(360)相连通，所述低压腔室(336)通过设于所述球座(312)的低压孔(3121)与传动短节外部的环空相连通。
  12. 根据权利要求1或6所述高稳定性短半径造斜钻井工具，其特征在于，所述导向短节(200)内设置有测控电路(210)、导向执行机构(220)和电气执行器(230)。
  13. 根据权利要求6所述高稳定性短半径造斜钻井工具，其特征在于，所述自复位柔性钻杆300内设有电气线路(500)，所述电气线路(500)设置在所述弹性管(331)的内壁上，并且所述电气线路(500)与所述传动短节(310,320)同步运动旋转，所述电气线路电连接所述测控电路(210)和电气执行器(230)。
  14. 根据权利要求6所述高稳定性短半径造斜钻井工具，其特征在于，所述自复位柔性钻杆(300)中任意两个铰接结构(340)的铰接中心点之间的最小距离低于钻头(100)直径的8倍。
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