WO2022179569A1 - 一种柔性导向钻井工具 - Google Patents

一种柔性导向钻井工具 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022179569A1
WO2022179569A1 PCT/CN2022/077722 CN2022077722W WO2022179569A1 WO 2022179569 A1 WO2022179569 A1 WO 2022179569A1 CN 2022077722 W CN2022077722 W CN 2022077722W WO 2022179569 A1 WO2022179569 A1 WO 2022179569A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
flexible
sub
driving
steering
transmission mechanism
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2022/077722
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
徐梓辰
万晓跃
Original Assignee
万晓跃
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from CN202110208694.8A external-priority patent/CN112814568A/zh
Priority claimed from CN202110449207.7A external-priority patent/CN113107365B/zh
Application filed by 万晓跃 filed Critical 万晓跃
Publication of WO2022179569A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022179569A1/zh

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B10/00—Drill bits
    • E21B10/42—Rotary drag type drill bits with teeth, blades or like cutting elements, e.g. fork-type bits, fish tail bits
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B10/00—Drill bits
    • E21B10/60—Drill bits characterised by conduits or nozzles for drilling fluids
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B17/00—Drilling rods or pipes; Flexible drill strings; Kellies; Drill collars; Sucker rods; Cables; Casings; Tubings
    • E21B17/02—Couplings; joints
    • E21B17/04—Couplings; joints between rod or the like and bit or between rod and rod or the like
    • E21B17/05—Swivel joints
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B17/00—Drilling rods or pipes; Flexible drill strings; Kellies; Drill collars; Sucker rods; Cables; Casings; Tubings
    • E21B17/20—Flexible or articulated drilling pipes, e.g. flexible or articulated rods, pipes or cables
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
    • E21B7/04—Directional drilling

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of drilling and drilling, in particular to a flexible steerable drilling tool.
  • the existing steerable drilling technologies mainly include downhole motor steerable drilling technology and rotary steerable drilling technology.
  • the maximum build-up rate that can be achieved by the above technologies generally does not exceed 15°/30 meters, and it is impossible to achieve short-radius steerable drilling with a controllable trajectory of drilling with a curvature radius of less than 60 meters.
  • the existing radial drilling technology or short-radius drilling technology does not have the steering function and cannot control the wellbore trajectory. Due to the inherent inability of the currently used rotary steering system to be bent, it is almost impossible to adapt to the actual needs of short-radius drilling, and it is impossible to achieve short-radius to extremely short-radius directional drilling under rotary drilling conditions. Other related products in the prior art also have the function of being unable to realize the function of wellbore trajectory control under the condition of rotary drilling, which leads to a serious drag-on-bit problem.
  • the above-mentioned short-very short-radius drilling also includes continuing the steerable drilling at the bottom-hole end of the short-very short-radius well section through the short-very short-radius well section.
  • the present invention provides a flexible steering drilling tool, which drives the deflection steering mechanism to move by driving the flexible transmission mechanism, and then drives the drill bit to deflect in a preset direction, so as to change the trajectory of the wellbore and realize short-to-extremely short radius wellbore directional drilling or through A flexible steerable drilling tool for short-very short radius wellbore to achieve directional drilling in its extended well section. And by arranging the electric drive actuator and the hydraulic shunt device on the different sub-section bearing sub-sections, the length of each bearing sub-section is reduced, so as to achieve the purpose of greatly improving the passing performance of the flexible steerable drilling tool.
  • a flexible steerable drilling tool comprising a flexible driving drill string and a steering pup joint; the flexible driving drill string is used to transmit drilling power, and includes a plurality of bearing pup joints connected in sequence from top to bottom, and the adjacent bearing short joints are used to transmit drilling power.
  • the drilling power is transmitted between the joints through a universal transmission mechanism, that is, a universal weight-on-bit torque deflection transmission mechanism, and the interior of the flexible driving drill string is axially penetrated to form a through space; the lower end of the guide short section is fixed with a drill bit and an upper end It is connected to the lower part of the flexible driving drill string; it also includes a deflection steering mechanism arranged inside the flexible steering drilling tool and a deflection control system for driving the deflection and steering mechanism to change the drilling direction of the drill bit, the deflection control system Including a drive control device and a flexible transmission mechanism, the flexible transmission mechanism includes any one or a combination of an articulated joint, a universal joint, a flexible rod or a flexible tube; the power input end of the flexible transmission mechanism is fixed to the The power output end of the flexible transmission mechanism is connected to the deflection guide mechanism; the drive control device realizes motion control of the deflection guide mechanism by controlling the flexible transmission mechanism to reciprocate, rotate or swing.
  • a universal transmission mechanism that
  • the flexible steerable drilling tool further comprises a driving sub, the driving sub is connected between the steering sub and the flexible driving drill string through a universal weight-on-bit torque deflection transmission mechanism, or the driving The short joint is connected to two adjacent bearing short joints in turn through the universal weight-on-bit torque deflection transmission mechanism;
  • the driving control device includes an electric drive actuator fixed inside the driving short joint;
  • the flexible transmission mechanism has a The power input end fixed to the power output end of the electric drive actuator or the power input end of the flexible transmission mechanism is the output end of the electric drive actuator.
  • the deflection guide mechanism includes a hydraulic diversion device and at least one group of hydraulically driven piston assemblies uniformly arranged on the outer wall of the guide sub-joint in the circumferential direction, and each group of the hydraulically-driven piston assemblies is arranged along the diameter of the guide sub-joint.
  • the electric drive actuator drives the hydraulic shunt device to move through the flexible transmission mechanism, so as to periodically communicate the high-pressure drilling fluid guided into the inner flow channel of the sub joint with the hydraulic drive piston assembly to realize the hydraulic pressure.
  • the moving end of the driving piston assembly reciprocates along the radial direction of the guide sub; when the moving end of the hydraulic driving piston assembly reciprocates, at least the moving end of the hydraulic driving piston assembly can protrude out of the guide sub side wall, thereby driving the drill bit to deflect in a preset direction.
  • the hydraulic diverting device includes a rotary valve rotor and a rotary valve stator, the rotary valve stator is fixed in the guide short section, and the rotary valve stator is provided with a plurality of valves respectively corresponding to the hydraulically driven piston assemblies
  • the electric drive actuator drives the rotary valve rotor to rotate relative to the rotary valve stator through the flexible transmission mechanism, so as to realize the reciprocation of the moving ends of several hydraulically driven piston assemblies along the radial direction of the guide short joint sports.
  • the flexible transmission mechanism further comprises a jumper rod, and the jumper rod is arranged between two hinged joints or two universal joints or two flexible rods or two flexible pipes, or the span
  • the connecting rod is arranged between any two of the articulated joint, universal joint, flexible rod or flexible pipe; the jumper rod and/or the flexible rod and/or the flexible pipe are suspended by suspension bearings inside the load sub-section where it is located.
  • the flexible steerable drilling tool further comprises a driving control sub-section provided with a driving control circuit, the driving control sub-section is arranged at least above the driving sub-section, and communicates through a jumper provided in the through space A circuit is electrically connected to the electrically driven actuator.
  • the deflection guide mechanism further includes a swinging cylinder, the lower end of the swinging cylinder is fixed to the drill bit or the swinging cylinder is integrally formed with the drill bit, and the upper end of the swinging cylinder is sleeved on the outside of the short guide section,
  • the swing cylinder is connected to the lower end of the guide short joint through an inner hinged universal joint, and there is a movable gap between the swing cylinder and the guide short joint, so that the moving end of the hydraulically driven piston assembly reciprocates During movement, the swing cylinder can be driven to rotate around the center of the inner hinge universal joint and abut against the well wall, thereby driving the drill bit to deflect.
  • the flexible steerable drilling tool further includes a high-rigidity drill string, which can transmit drilling power to the flexible driving drill string in the main wellbore, and transmit the drilling power through the flexible driving drill string
  • the flexural rigidity of the high-rigidity drill string is at least 10 times the flexural rigidity of the flexible drive drill string
  • the length of the steering sub is less than 1 meter and less than 5 times the outer diameter of the drill bit
  • the average length of the bearing sub-section is less than 0.5 meters and less than 3 times the outer diameter of the drill bit
  • the free deflection angle range of the universal WOB torque deflection transmission mechanism is 2° to 15°
  • the guide sub-section and the The total length of the flexible drive drill string is greater than the axial length of the lateral wellbore.
  • the flexible steerable drilling tool further comprises a strapdown attitude measurement module, which is used to measure the inclination angle and/or the gravity tool face angle and/or the gravitational tool face angle of the flexible steerable drilling tool downhole. or magnetic tool face angle; the strap-down attitude measurement module is arranged inside the guide short joint, and includes an attitude measurement circuit and at least two accelerometers arranged along the radial direction at a preset angle to each other, the attitude measurement circuit It is an attitude measurement circuit manufactured by thick film circuit technology.
  • the present invention has the following advantages:
  • the flexible steerable drilling tool of the present invention drives the deflection and steering mechanism to move by driving the flexible transmission mechanism, thereby greatly shortening the size of the steerable subsection, and improving the ability of the flexible steerable drilling tool in short-radius or extremely short-radius wellbores.
  • the passability of the flexible steerable drilling tool can be realized under the condition of rotary drilling.
  • the deflection steering mechanism can drive the drill bit to deflect in a preset direction to change the wellbore trajectory, so as to realize short-very short radius directional drilling or complete directional drilling of its extended well section through the short-very short radius well section.
  • the drive control circuit since the drive control circuit contains a large number of power devices and requires heat dissipation space, the drive control circuit is arranged in the drive control subsection behind the drive subsection, and is realized by a universal transmission mechanism.
  • the connection between the drive control sub and other adjacent subs can effectively shorten the length of the steering sub, which makes it easier to achieve the orientation function in high-curvature wellbores.
  • the flexible steerable drilling tool of the present invention uses an electric drive actuator to distribute the drilling fluid in the through-flow channel for the hydraulic drive piston assembly, so as to achieve steering in a specific direction, which can save the amount of energy required for the steering process to the greatest extent. It plays a vital role in reducing the size of mechanical structures and circuits.
  • the strapdown attitude measurement module can realize the attitude measurement of the flexible steerable drilling tool without relying on the inertial platform, and eliminates a large amount of space occupied by the inertial platform and the hidden dangers brought by it. It is helpful for miniaturization of the steering sub body or the carrying sub of the flexible steering drilling tool.
  • the flexible steerable drilling tool of the present invention adopts the thick-film circuit process to manufacture circuits or modules with specified functions in the present invention, which can minimize the space occupied, thereby minimizing the shafts that carry the short sections where each circuit is located. To achieve the purpose of maximizing the passability of the flexible steerable drilling tool.
  • Fig. 1 is a cross-sectional structural schematic diagram of the first embodiment of the flexible steerable drilling tool according to the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the second embodiment of the flexible steerable drilling tool according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the third embodiment of the flexible steerable drilling tool according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the fourth embodiment of the flexible steerable drilling tool according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a partial cross-sectional structural schematic diagram of the flexible steerable drilling tool based on the pointing principle according to Embodiment 2 of the flexible steerable drilling tool of the present invention
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the overall cross-sectional structure of the flexible steerable drilling tool based on the pointing principle according to Embodiment 2 of the flexible steerable drilling tool of the present invention
  • FIG. 7 is a partial cross-sectional structural schematic diagram of the first embodiment of Embodiment 3 of the flexible steerable drilling tool according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is an overall cross-sectional structural schematic diagram of the first embodiment of Embodiment 3 of the flexible steerable drilling tool according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 is an overall cross-sectional structural schematic diagram of the second embodiment of Embodiment 3 of the flexible steerable drilling tool according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 10 is a partial cross-sectional structural schematic diagram of the second embodiment of the third embodiment of the flexible steerable drilling tool according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 11 is a partial cross-sectional structural schematic diagram of the third embodiment of the third embodiment of the flexible steerable drilling tool according to the present invention.
  • Fig. 12 is an overall cross-sectional structural schematic diagram of the fourth embodiment of the third embodiment of the flexible steerable drilling tool according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 13 is a partial cross-sectional structural schematic diagram of the fourth embodiment of the third embodiment of the flexible steerable drilling tool according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic cross-sectional structural diagram of the hydraulic circuit in FIG. 13;
  • Fig. 15 is a schematic diagram of the application of the flexible steerable drilling tool of the present invention.
  • 140 electric drive actuator; 141, hydraulic shunt device; 1411, rotary valve rotor; 1412, rotary valve stator; 1413, drill nozzle; 1414, communication valve port; 142, motor; 1421, motor rotor; 1422, motor stator; 143, solenoid valve; 144, resolver; 147, motor pump group;
  • 300 main wellbore; 310, branch wellbore; 320, deflector; 330, rigid transmission drill string.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a flexible steerable drilling tool that can realize directional drilling of short-extremely short radius wellbore or realize directional drilling of extended well section through short-extremely short radius wellbore.
  • a very short radius wellbore is not clearly defined in the art, and it mainly refers to a wellbore with a turning radius of less than 10 meters.
  • a flexible steerable drilling tool is shown in Figures 1-4, including a steerable sub 100 and a flexible driving drill string 200; the flexible driving drill string 200 is used to transmit drilling power, and includes a plurality of load-bearing units connected in sequence from top to bottom For the short joints 210, the drilling power is transmitted between the adjacent short bearing joints 210 through the universal weight-on-bit torque deflection transmission mechanism 220.
  • the universal weight-on-bit torque deflection transmission mechanism 220 is also a universal transmission mechanism.
  • the flexible driving drill string 200 penetrates through the interior in the axial direction to form a through space;
  • the flexible steering drilling tool further includes a deflection steering mechanism and a deflection control system for driving the deflection steering mechanism to move so as to change the drilling direction of the drill bit 110 .
  • the deflection guide mechanism is provided on the guide short joint 100 .
  • the deflection control system includes a drive control device and a flexible transmission mechanism 113 .
  • the drive control device controls the deflection guide mechanism by driving the flexible transmission mechanism 113 to reciprocate, rotate or swing; the drive control device can cross the universal weight-on-bit torque deflection transmission mechanism 220 through the flexible transmission mechanism 113 Control the deflection guide mechanism.
  • the "reciprocating motion" of the flexible transmission mechanism 113 refers to the reciprocating motion along the axis of the flexible drive drill string 200, that is, the reciprocating motion upward or downward;
  • the “rotation” of the flexible transmission mechanism 113 refers to the flexible transmission
  • the mechanism 113 rotates with the axis of the flexible driving drill string 200 as the rotation axis;
  • the “swing” of the flexible transmission mechanism 113 refers to swinging with the axis of the flexible driving drill string 200 as the rotation axis.
  • the universal WOB torque deflection transmission mechanism 220 is a universal joint structure formed by a hinged structure and a torque transmission member; or the universal WOB torque deflection transmission mechanism 220 is composed of a hinged structure and an independent universal joint;
  • the weight-to-bit torque deflection transmission mechanism 220 is a hinged universal joint.
  • the specific implementation of the universal WOB torque deflection transmission mechanism 220 in the flexible driving drill string 200 is similar to the connection structure between each short section in the flexible drill pipe.
  • the specific design of the universal WOB torque deflection transmission mechanism 220 The structure is in the prior art and will not be repeated in the present invention.
  • the deflection steering mechanism can be controlled across several universal weight-on-bit torque deflection transmission mechanisms 220 in the through structure of the flexible driving drill string 200, so that the driving control device can be independently arranged behind the steering pup joint 100 to avoid driving.
  • the control device is arranged in the guide sub.
  • the deflection control system minimizes the length of the steering sub 100 and the distance between the deflection centers of the hinge points behind the steering sub 100, so that the flexible driving drill string 200 is easier to pass through the high-curvature wellbore and in the high-curvature wellbore
  • the drilling power is transmitted, and the control of the deflection steering mechanism is realized at the same time.
  • each short bearing section in the flexible driving drill string 200 can transmit axial force and/or bear torque to each other through the universal weight-on-bit torque deflection transmission mechanism 220, the drive control device rotates the flexible transmission mechanism The reaction torque generated by 113 is borne by the flexible driving drill string 200, so that the technical solution of the present invention can be realized.
  • the drill bit 110 in the present invention refers to a structure that mainly realizes rock-soil breaking during the drilling process.
  • the drill bit 110 is fused and arranged at the lower part of the guide short section 100, and the specific method of the fusion arrangement is to be integrally fabricated or connected by a screw thread.
  • the deflection steering mechanism 100 can drive the drill bit 110 to deflect in a preset direction, so as to drive the drill bit 110 to deflect under the condition of rotary drilling, thereby changing the wellbore trajectory, thereby realizing ultra-short radius drilling or continuing through ultra-short radius well sections Conduct steered drilling.
  • the flexible transmission mechanism 113 is provided inside the through space of the short guide section 100 and/or the flexible driving drill string 200, and includes hinge joints, universal joints, flexible rods, flexible tubes, elastic rods, and elastic tubes. Any one or a combination; in the embodiment shown in Figure 1, it is a hinged joint.
  • the drive control device is an electric drive actuator 140 in this embodiment, and the drive control device is disposed above the guide sub-joint 100 and is spaced from the guide sub-joint 100 by at least one set of the universal weight-on-bit torque Deflection transmission mechanism 220 .
  • the power input end of the hinge joint is the output shaft of the electric drive actuator 140 , and the electric drive actuator 140 is fixed in the through space of the lowermost end of the flexible drive drill string 200 carrying the short joint 210 .
  • the power output end of the hinge joint is connected to the deflection guide mechanism.
  • the electric drive actuator 140 realizes the motion control of the deflection guide mechanism by controlling the rotation of the hinge joint.
  • the deflection guide mechanism includes a hydraulic shunt device 141 and a hydraulic drive piston assembly 130 .
  • Three groups of piston assemblies 130 are evenly arranged along the circumferential side wall of the short guide section 100 .
  • Each group of the hydraulically driven piston assemblies 130 is arranged along the radial direction of the short guide joint 100 ;
  • the electric drive actuator 140 drives the hydraulic diversion device 141 to move through the hinge joint, thereby periodically driving the short guide
  • the high-pressure drilling fluid in the flow channel in the section 100 is communicated with the hydraulic drive piston assembly 130, so that the moving end of the hydraulic drive piston assembly 130 (that is, the drive piston 1312) reciprocates along the radial direction of the short guide section 100;
  • the driving piston 1312 reciprocates, it can at least extend out of the side wall of the short guide section 100, and then push against the well wall, thereby driving the drill bit to deflect in a preset direction.
  • the flexible steerable drilling tool further includes a driving sub-section 150, and the driving sub-section 150 is connected between the steering sub-section 100 and the flexible driving drill string 200 through the universal weight-on-bit torque deflection transmission mechanism 220, or the
  • the driving pup joint 150 is sequentially connected with two adjacent bearing pup joints through the universal weight-on-bit torque deflection transmission mechanism 220, or the bearing pup joint provided with the electric drive actuator 140 is the driving pup joint 150;
  • the drive actuator 140 is fixed inside the drive short section 150 .
  • the electric drive actuator 140 is a motor 142 , wherein the motor stator is fixedly connected with the drive sub body 151 .
  • the hydraulic diverting device 141 includes a rotary valve stator 1412 and a rotary valve rotor 1411 , the rotary valve stator 1412 is fixed in the guide short joint 100 , and the rotary valve stator 1412 is provided with several The valve position corresponding to the hydraulically driven piston assembly 130 .
  • the rotary valve rotor 1411 and the motor rotor are coupled to each other through a flexible transmission mechanism 113, which drives the rotary valve rotor 1411 to rotate relative to the rotary valve stator 1412, thereby periodically guiding the through flow channel in the short joint 100
  • the high-pressure drilling fluid in 1211 is communicated with the piston accommodating chamber 1311 to realize the reciprocating movement of the moving ends of the plurality of hydraulically driven piston assemblies 130 along the radial direction of the short guide joint 100;
  • the moving end directly or indirectly provides the drill bit 110 with a lateral cutting force or assists the drill bit 110 to swing in the guiding direction, so as to drive the drill bit 110 to deflect in a preset direction.
  • the motor is preferably a servo motor capable of angular and/or position control.
  • the hydraulic drive piston assembly 130 is a mechanism that expands and contracts under the action of hydraulic pressure and provides thrust, including a drive piston 1312 and a piston accommodating cavity 1311, both of which are connected to the short guide section 100 on the wall of the cylinder.
  • the drive piston 1121 can directly abut the well wall or indirectly by pushing against the rib.
  • the drill bit 110 is driven to deflect in a preset direction by the telescopic movement of the driving piston 1312 .
  • the hydraulically driven piston assembly 130 is a plunger with a circular cross-section, a plunger with a non-circular cross-section, a piston with a non-circular cross-section, or other equivalent alternatives.
  • the method for the drive piston 1312 to indirectly push against the wellbore wall includes transmitting the thrust to the wellbore wall through abutting ribs or abutting blocks.
  • the flexible transmission mechanism 113 includes two built-in universal joints 1131, and the two universal joints are connected together by a jumper rod 1133, that is, the motor rotor
  • the power output end of the rotary valve is connected with the power input end of the rotary valve rotor 1411 by a built-in universal joint 1131 and a jumper rod 1133.
  • the crossover rod 1133 is suspended inside the short bearing joint 210 where it is located by means of a suspension bearing.
  • the crossover rod 1133 drives the hydraulic diverter 141 to divert the high pressure drilling fluid to the hydraulic drive piston assembly 130 through rotational and/or axial movement.
  • the motor rotor and the rotary valve rotor 1411 are connected with the two ends of the crossover rod 1133 through the built-in universal joint 1131 , and the motor rotor can drive the rotary valve rotor 1411 to rotate relative to the rotation through the crossover rod 322 .
  • the valve stator 1412 rotates.
  • each jumper rod 1133 is connected by a built-in universal joint 1131
  • the built-in universal joint 1131 is also used for connection between the crossover rod 1133 adjacent to the rotary valve and the rotary valve rotor 1411
  • the built-in universal joint is used between the crossover rod adjacent to the motor and the motor rotor. section connection.
  • the jumper rod 1133 and the built-in universal joint 1131 can be integrally designed as a universal joint shaft 1134, and the multi-sections of the universal joint shaft 1134 are connected end-to-end and then connected to the electric drive for execution. 140 and hydraulic diverter 141.
  • the outer side of the multi-section universal joint shaft 1134 can be wrapped with a flexible outer tube 1135 , and the universal joint shaft 1134 rotates in the flexible outer tube 1135 .
  • the flexible transmission mechanism 113 includes a flexible rod 1132, that is, the output end of the motor rotor and the power input end of the rotary valve rotor 1411 are connected by a flexible rod 1132, Further, the rotary valve rotor 1411 is driven to rotate.
  • the flexible rod 1132 is preferably suspended inside the load nipple 210 in which it is located by means of suspension bearings.
  • the guide short joint 100 is provided with a through flow channel, the electric motor drives the hydraulic shunt device 141 to periodically communicate with the hydraulic drive piston assembly 1112 through the through flow channel, and the electric motor and the drive control The device is electrically connected.
  • the flexible transmission mechanism 113 includes a built-in universal joint 1131
  • the built-in universal joint 1131 in the flexible transmission mechanism 113 is arranged on the axis of the output end of the electric drive actuator 140 and the hydraulic shunt At the focal point of the extension line of the axis of the input end of the device 141 .
  • the focal point of the extension line of the axis of the output end of the electric drive actuator 140 and the axis of the input end of the hydraulic shunt device 141 is the deflection center of the control shaft, and the deflection center of the control shaft is deflected from the universal transmission mechanism outside it. Points remain concentric.
  • the deflection center of the flexible transmission mechanism 113 Concentric with the deflection point of the gWOB torque deflection transmission mechanism 220 outside it. It should be noted that the deflection center of the control shaft is also the deflection center of the universal WOB torque deflection transmission mechanism 220 between the guide sub-section 100 and the drive sub-section 150 .
  • the flexible steerable drilling tool further includes a driving control sub-section 280 provided with a driving control circuit 230 , and the driving control sub-section 280 is disposed at least on the driving sub-section 150 above, and is electrically connected to the electric drive actuator 140 through a jumper circuit 240 provided in the through space.
  • the electrically driven actuator 140 is preferably an electric motor.
  • the jumper circuit 240 penetrates through the electrical line spanning the inner wall of the universal weight-on-bit torque deflection transmission mechanism 220 or the through space, and can be used to transmit power and/or communication signals and/or control signals. Specifically, it can be used for the control of electric motors and also for power transmission.
  • the motor is a servo motor, and the servo motor includes a resolver 144.
  • the drive control circuit 230 can control the servo motor to rotate to a precise angular position.
  • the electric motor is connected with the hydraulic diverting device 141 through the flexible transmission mechanism 113 .
  • the rotary valve stator 1412 of the hydraulic shunt device 141 is provided with a plurality of communication valve ports 1414, and the communication valve ports 1414 are communicated with the piston accommodating cavity 1311, and the drive control device drives the rotary valve rotor 1411 through a motor to drive the drill relatively flexibly.
  • the string 200 rotates at the same speed in the opposite direction, so that the opening direction of the rotary valve rotor 1411 faces the communication valve port 1414 of a certain sector.
  • the rotary valve rotor 1411 With the rotation of the flexible drive drill string 200, when any piston accommodating cavity 1311 rotates with the guide sub 100 When the rotary valve rotor 1411 opens into the sector, the rotary valve rotor 1411 communicates with the communication valve port 1414 , which can connect the through flow channel 1211 leading to the short joint 100 with the piston accommodating cavity 1311 .
  • the hydraulic diverting device 141 can periodically communicate with the piston assembly 112 through the through flow channel 1211 under the drive of the motor, so that the driving piston 1312 periodically abuts against the well wall as the drill string rotates, so as to obtain the well wall paired steering sub 110
  • the reaction force toward the preset steering direction drives the drill bit 110 to deflect toward the steering direction.
  • the opening direction of the rotary valve can be adjusted by slowly increasing/decreasing the relative speed between the rotary valve rotor 1411 and the flexible driving drill string 200 .
  • the guide control circuit 250 drives the motor through the drive control circuit 230, and further controls the deflection guide mechanism to be within the sector of the preset guide direction according to the above process
  • the piston accommodating cavity 1311 is in contact with the high-pressure drilling circulating medium in the internal through flow channel 1211 of the steering sub 100, so that the driving piston 1312 of the sector pushes against the well wall, so that the steering sub joint obtains the reaction from the well wall
  • the hydraulic shunt device 141 blocks the contact between the piston accommodating cavity 1311 and the through flow channel 1211 in the sector facing away from the preset guiding direction, and the piston accommodating cavity 1311 in the sector facing away from the preset guiding direction.
  • the residual drilling circulating medium in the setting cavity is drained through the throttling device 1212, so as to promote the recovery of the driving piston in the sector where the preset steering direction is located;
  • the resultant force against the guiding direction is applied to further pry the drill bit 110 to swing in the guiding direction, so as to realize the guiding drilling function.
  • the use of long gauge bits can promote and enhance the guiding effect.
  • the guide control circuit 250 makes the piston accommodating cavity in the sector facing away from the guide direction and the guide sub 100 through the above process.
  • the high-pressure fluid in the internal flow channel contacts, so that the driving piston of the sector pushes against the well wall; at the same time, the drilling circulating medium in the piston accommodating cavity in the sector where the preset steering direction is located is drained through the throttling device 1212 , then the drive piston in the sector where the preset steering direction is located is urged to recover; the above-mentioned action causes the well wall to apply a resultant force in the steering direction to the front of the steering sub, further pushing the drill bit to cut the well wall in the steering direction, so as to realize steerable drilling. into the function. Under such conditions, the use of short gauge bits can promote and enhance the guiding effect.
  • the preset method of the preset steering direction may be preset before the tool goes downhole and in the steering control circuit 250 or through the pressure change or flow change of the mud during the drilling process.
  • the down signal is preset.
  • the steering control circuit 250 can The specific process of issuing an instruction to the driving control circuit 230 according to the preset direction is in the prior art, which will not be repeated in the present invention.
  • the drilling fluid from the water hole of the drill string enters the drill bit 110 through the through flow channel 1211 inside the guide sub 100 and then flows into the annulus.
  • the drill bit nozzle 1413 is provided in the drill bit 110 or in the flow channel between the drill bit 110 and the hydraulic diverter 141.
  • the periodic communication means that the communication between the through flow channel 1211 and the hydraulically driven piston assembly 130 changes periodically with the rotation of the flexible steering drilling tool, so as to ensure that the hydraulically driven piston assembly in a specific sector obtains hydraulic pressure , which is used to drive the deflection guide mechanism to drive the drill bit 110 to deflect toward the guide direction.
  • the flexible steerable drilling tool further includes a high-rigidity drill string 330, which transmits drilling power to the flexible driving drill string 200 in the main wellbore 300, and is driven by the flexible driving
  • the drill string 200 transmits the drilling power to the steering sub 100
  • the bending stiffness of the high-rigidity drill string 330 is at least 10 times that of the flexible driving drill string 200 .
  • the length of the guide sub 100 is less than 1 meter and less than 5 times the outer diameter of the drill bit 110 .
  • the average length of the bearing sub 210 is less than 0.5 meters and less than 3 times the outer diameter of the drill bit 110.
  • the free deflection angle range of the universal weight-on-bit torque deflection transmission mechanism 220 is 2° to 15°; the total length of the steering sub 100 and the flexible driving drill string 200 is greater than the axial length of the lateral wellbore.
  • both the steerable sub 100 and the flexible driving drill string 200 can enter the lateral well section with the increase of the drilling footage of the lateral well, that is, enter the space formed by the main wellbore and the lateral wellbore window.
  • the well depth of the main wellbore is greater than the length of the lateral well section. Therefore, in the present invention, the use of the high-rigidity drill string 330 to transmit the drilling power in the main wellbore will help reduce the loss of the drilling power during the transmission process. That is, the rotary drilling device at the wellhead transmits the rotary drilling power to the flexible driving drill string 200 through the high rigidity drill string 330 inside the main wellbore.
  • the high-rigidity drill string 330 is a drill string formed by connecting conventional drill pipes or drill collars in series.
  • the flexible steerable drilling tool further includes a strapdown attitude measurement module 270 and a steering control circuit 250, and the strapdown attitude measurement module 270 is used to measure the inclination angle of the flexible steerable drilling tool downhole and/or the gravitational tool face angle and/or the magnetic tool face angle; the strapdown attitude measurement module 270 is disposed inside the guide short joint 100 for measuring the attitude of the guide short joint 100 .
  • the strapdown attitude measurement module 270 includes an attitude measurement circuit and at least two accelerometers arranged along the radial direction at a preset angle to each other. Reduce the length of the pilot drill sub.
  • the guidance control circuit 250 is electrically connected to the strapdown attitude measurement module 270 and the drive control circuit 230 , and the guidance control circuit 250 can control the electric power according to the detection data of the strapdown attitude measurement module 270 .
  • the drive executor 140 executes the commanded actions.
  • the flexible steerable drilling tool further includes a power supply sub-section 260, and the power supply sub-section 260 is connected in series to any position in the flexible driving drill string 200, or the power supply sub-section 260 is arranged on the Above the drill string 200 is driven flexibly. It should be noted that, when the power sub-section 260 is connected in series to any position in the flexible driving drill string 200 , the length of the power sub-section 260 should not exceed 5 times the outer diameter of the drill bit 110 . When the power sub-section 260 is disposed above the flexible driving drill string 200 , there is no requirement on the length of the power sub-section 260 .
  • the power nipple 260 may be a turbine generator or a battery nipple.
  • the deflection guide mechanism further includes a swinging cylinder 111, the swinging cylinder 111 is a cylindrical structure, and the lower end of the swinging cylinder 111 is fixed to the drill bit 110 or any other device.
  • the swinging cylinder 111 is integrally formed with the drill bit 110 or the swinging cylinder 111 is welded and connected to the upper end of the drill bit 110 .
  • the upper end of the swinging cylinder 111 is sleeved on the outer side of the short guide joint 100 , the swinging cylinder 111 is connected to the lower end of the short guiding joint 100 through the inner hinge joint 112 , and the swinging cylinder 111 is connected to the A radial active gap is provided between the guide short joints 100, so that when the moving end of the hydraulic drive piston assembly 130 reciprocates, the swing cylinder 111 can be driven to rotate around the center of the inner hinged universal joint 102 and abut against the well wall, thereby driving the drill bit 110 to deflect in a preset direction to achieve steering; during drilling, the steering sub 100 transmits the WOB and torque to the drill bit 110 through the built-in universal joint 1131 .
  • This embodiment describes a flexible steerable drilling tool based on the pointing principle.
  • the guide control circuit 250 drives the motor through the drive control circuit 230 to make the piston accommodating cavity in the sector facing away from the guide direction communicate with the through
  • the high-pressure fluid in the flow channel 1211 contacts, so that the driving piston of the sector pushes against the well wall, which can exert a force against the guiding direction on the upper part of the swing cylinder 111, and drive the swing cylinder 111 with the built-in universal joint 1131 as the center
  • the drill bit 110 produces a deflection angle towards the steering direction.
  • the length of the swing barrel 111 is at least 30% of the distance between the built-in universal joint 1131 and the closest universal weight-on-bit torque deflection transmission mechanism 220 above it, so as to make full use of the space of the guide sub-joint 100 to extend the upper force arm so that the drill bit 110 can obtain as much steering force as possible.
  • the flexible steerable drilling tool further includes a hydraulic power sub-joint 150 for accommodating a hydraulic source 160 .
  • the hydraulic power sub-joint 150 is connected to the guide sub-joint 100 through the universal WOB torque deflection transmission mechanism 220 , or the hydraulic power sub-joint 150 is connected in series to the guide sub-joint 100 through the universal WOB torque deflection transmission mechanism 220 .
  • the hydraulic power sub 150 is provided at the upper end of the flexible driving drill string 200;
  • the hydraulic source 160 is a controllable pressure hydraulic source, including a controllable hydraulic source and a hydraulic source driving control Module 230, the hydraulic source drive control module 230 can control the controllable hydraulic source to generate a power fluid with a preset or calculated specific pressure value; each of the hydraulically driven piston assemblies 130 is connected by at least one hydraulic line 241 is connected to the controllable hydraulic source.
  • the power fluid transmits the hydraulic pressure to the hydraulic drive piston assembly 130 through the bridging hydraulic line 241 , and then the hydraulic drive piston assembly 130 performs a guiding function according to a preset instruction.
  • the hydraulic source includes a hydraulic source that generates hydraulic pressure by utilizing the pressure difference between the water eye and the annulus, and a hydraulic source that generates hydraulic pressure by utilizing a motor pump set.
  • the drill bit 110 and the guide short section 100 are connected by a screw thread, connected by a plug-in mechanism, welded or integrally fabricated.
  • the hydraulic source drive control module is arranged in the drive control short section 280;
  • the drive control sub-joint 280 is connected to the hydraulic power sub-joint 150 through the universal WOB torque deflection transmission mechanism 220 , or the drive control sub-joint 280 is connected in series with the hydraulic power sub-section 280 through the universal WOB torque deflection transmission mechanism 220 .
  • the hydraulic source can also be an electric drive actuator 140 and a hydraulic diversion device 141
  • the hydraulic diversion device 141 includes a valve disc 1411 and a valve seat 1412 .
  • the electric drive actuator 140 drives the valve disc 1411 to rotate relative to the valve seat 1412, and dispenses fluid to the hydraulic drive piston assembly 130, so that the high-pressure drilling fluid in the through-flow channel 1211 periodically flows It communicates with the hydraulically driven piston assembly 130 through the bridging hydraulic line 241 so as to perform the guiding function.
  • the bridging hydraulic line 241 between the electric drive actuator 140 and the hydraulic diverting device 141 is a flexible pressure-bearing pipe for conducting high-pressure fluid.
  • the bridging hydraulic line 241 between the electric drive actuator 140 and the hydraulic shunt device 141 may also include an axial through hole provided in the universal joint 1131 . That is to say, this section of the bridging hydraulic line 241 can be built into the guide short joint 100 and/or the flexible transmission mechanism 113, and the guide short joint 100 and/or the flexible transmission mechanism 113 are provided with a through hydraulic flow channel 130, and The guide short joint 100 and/or the through hydraulic flow passages in the flexible transmission mechanism 113 are sealed and connected for guiding high-pressure fluid.
  • the sealing connection mode is small clearance fit or metal sealing between the short guide section 100 and/or the flexible transmission mechanism 113 .
  • the hydraulic source includes a solenoid valve 143 , and the solenoid valve 143 can periodically provide high-pressure fluid to the hydraulically driven piston assembly 130 under the control of the hydraulic source drive control module 230 .
  • the electrically driven actuator 140 includes a plurality of solenoid valves 143 corresponding to the respective piston accommodating chambers 1311 , and also includes a plurality of hydraulic lines corresponding to the solenoid valves 143 , the solenoid valves 143 are connected to the The hydraulic source drive control module 230 is electrically connected, and the solenoid valve 143 can periodically communicate the through flow channel 1211 with the piston accommodating cavity 1311 .
  • the guide short joint 100 includes a driving mandrel 123 and a guide sleeve 122 , and the guide sleeve 122 is sleeved and provided on the upper composite bearing 124 and the lower composite bearing 125 through a socket connection.
  • the upper composite bearing 124 and the lower composite bearing 125 can realize the functions of an axial thrust bearing and/or a radial centralizing bearing.
  • One end of the driving mandrel 123 is provided with the drill bit 110, and the other end is provided with the drill bit 110. fixedly connecting the lower end of the flexible driving drill string 200;
  • the guide short joint 100 further includes a hydraulic slip ring mechanism 126, and the hydraulic slip ring mechanism 126 includes a hydraulic slip ring mandrel end and a hydraulic slip ring sleeve end.
  • the hydraulic slip ring mechanism is arranged in the annular gap between the driving mandrel 123 and the guide sleeve 122, the hydraulic slip ring mandrel end is fixedly connected with the driving mandrel 123, and the hydraulic slip ring sleeve end It is fixedly connected with the guide sleeve 122 and is used to transmit the hydraulic pressure provided by the hydraulic source to the corresponding hydraulic drive mechanism; the hydraulic source includes three sets of motor pump sets, and each hydraulic drive piston assembly 130 is connected to an independently controllable hydraulic drive mechanism.
  • the motor pump group provides controllable hydraulic pressure for each group of hydraulically driven piston assemblies 130 under the control of the hydraulic source drive control module 230, so that the thrust generated by the various groups of hydraulically driven piston assemblies 130 results in a combined force.
  • the size and orientation reach the preset values.
  • the hydraulic source drive control module 230 described in this embodiment is a hydraulic control circuit of the motor-pump group, which at least includes a control circuit of the electric motor included in the motor-pump group.
  • the hydraulic slip ring mechanism 126 includes a first hydraulic slip ring 1261, a second hydraulic slip ring 1262, and a third hydraulic slip ring 1263.
  • the second bridging hydraulic line 1142 and the third bridging hydraulic line 1143 are sealed and connected; wherein the first bridging hydraulic line is in communication with the first hydraulic slip ring, and the second bridging hydraulic line is connected with the second hydraulic slip ring.
  • the hydraulic slip rings are in communication, and the third crossover hydraulic line is in communication with the third hydraulic slip ring; a seal is arranged between the first hydraulic slip ring, the second hydraulic slip ring, and the third hydraulic slip ring, which can
  • the pressure systems between the first hydraulic slip ring, the second hydraulic slip ring, and the third hydraulic slip ring are independent of each other, so that the three groups of hydraulic pressure sources corresponding to the three groups of hydraulic drive piston assemblies 130 can independently transmit hydraulic energy to the corresponding Drive piston 1312; the same effect can also be achieved when the number of the hydraulic drive piston assembly 130 and the hydraulic source is four groups.
  • the specific control method of the hydraulic slip ring mechanism to the hydraulic drive mechanism is not an innovative point of the present invention, which belongs to the prior art, for example, the patent numbers of US 6913095B2 and 60/380646 have been described in detail.
  • the embodiment introduces the situation when the present invention is applied to the drilling of lateral wells, especially the drilling of lateral wells with a turning radius of less than 10 meters and the steerable drilling of extended well sections. That is, in the main wellbore 300 , the flexible steerable drilling tool is lowered into the main wellbore 300 through the high-rigidity drill string 330 , and the drilling operation of the lateral wellbore 310 is completed under the support of the deflector 320 .

Abstract

一种柔性导向钻井工具，包括柔性驱动钻柱(200)和导向短节(100)；柔性驱动钻柱包括多个由上至下依次连接的承载短节(210)，相邻的承载短节之间通过万向钻压扭矩偏转传递机构(220)传递钻井动力；还包括设于柔性导向钻井工具内部的偏转导向机构和驱动偏转导向机构运动以使钻头(110)钻进方向发生改变的偏转控制系统，偏转控制系统包括驱动控制装置和柔性传动机构(113)；驱动控制装置通过控制柔性传动机构往复运动、转动或摆动实现对偏转导向机构的运动控制。该柔性导向钻井工具能实现钻探短半径-极短半径井眼或通过短半径-极短半径井眼继续进行导向钻探。

Description

一种柔性导向钻井工具 技术领域
本发明涉及钻井、钻孔技术领域，特别是一种柔性导向钻井工具。
背景技术
目前，对地下物质资源和空间资源进行勘探开发需要大量应用钻井技术。现有的导向钻井技术主要有井下马达导向钻井技术和旋转导向钻井技术。上述技术可达到的最大造斜率一般不超过15°/30米，均无法实现曲率半径小于60米的钻井可控轨迹短半径导向钻井。现有技术中还存在诸多无法有效控制井眼轨迹的径向或短半径钻井技术，此类技术对地下资源开发利用效果不佳。然而针对转弯半径小于10米的极短半径钻井领域，现有径向钻井技术或短半径钻井技术不具备导向功能，无法实现井眼轨迹的控制。由于目前使用的旋转导向系统先天性的无法被弯折，几乎不可能适应短半径钻井实际需求，并且无法在旋转钻井条件下实现短半径至极短半径定向钻井。现有技术中的其他有关产品也均存在无法在旋转钻井条件下实现井眼轨迹控制的功能，导致严重的拖钻压问题。上述短-极短半径钻井也包含通过所述短-极短半径井段，在短-极短半径井段的井底端继续进行导向钻井。
发明内容
本发明的提供一种柔性导向钻井工具，通过驱动柔性传动机构驱动偏转导向机构运动，进而驱动钻头按预设方向偏转，以改变井眼轨迹，实现短-极短半径井眼定向钻进或通过短-极短半径井眼实现其延伸井段定向钻进的柔性导向钻井工具。并通过将电驱动执行器、液压分流装置设置于不同短节承载短节的方式减小各个承载短节的长度，以达到大幅度提高柔性导向钻井工具通过性能的目的。
本发明技术方案如下：
一种柔性导向钻井工具，包括柔性驱动钻柱和导向短节；所述柔性驱动钻柱用于传递钻井动力，包括多个由上至下依次连接的承载短节，相邻的所述承载短节之间通过万向传动机构也即为万向钻压扭矩偏转传递机构传递钻井动力，所述柔性驱动钻柱内部沿轴向贯通形成贯通空间；所述导向短节下端固定设有钻头、上端连接于所述柔性驱动钻柱的下部；还包括设于柔性导向钻井工具内部的偏转导向机构和驱动所述偏转导向机构运动以使钻头钻进方向发生改变的偏转控制系统，所述偏转控制系统包括驱动控制装置和柔性传动机构，所述柔性传动机构包括铰接接头、万向节、挠性杆或挠性管中的任意一种或其组合；所述柔性传动机 构的动力输入端固定于所述贯通空间，所述柔性传动机构的动力输出端与所述偏转导向机构相连；所述驱动控制装置通过控制所述柔性传动机构往复运动、转动或摆动实现对所述偏转导向机构的运动控制。
作为优选，所述柔性导向钻井工具还包括驱动短节，所述驱动短节通过万向钻压扭矩偏转传递机构连接于所述导向短节与所述柔性驱动钻柱之间，或所述驱动短节通过所述万向钻压扭矩偏转传递机构与相邻两个承载短节依次相连；所述驱动控制装置包括固定于所述驱动短节内部的电驱动执行器；所述柔性传动机构的动力输入端固定于所述电驱动执行器的动力输出端或所述柔性传动机构的动力输入端即为所述电驱动执行器的输出端。
作为优选，所述偏转导向机构包括液压分流装置和沿周向均匀设于所述导向短节外壁的至少一组液压驱动活塞组件，每组所述液压驱动活塞组件沿所述导向短节的径向布置；所述电驱动执行器通过所述柔性传动机构驱动所述液压分流装置运动，从而周期性地将导向短节内流道中的高压钻井流体与液压驱动活塞组件相连通，实现所述液压驱动活塞组件的移动端沿所述导向短节的径向往复运动；所述液压驱动活塞组件的移动端往复运动时至少能够使所述液压驱动活塞组件的移动端伸出所述导向短节的侧壁，进而驱动所述钻头按预设方向偏转。
作为优选，所述液压分流装置包括转阀转子和转阀定子，所述转阀定子固定于所述导向短节内，所述转阀定子设置有若干分别与所述液压驱动活塞组件对应的阀位，所述电驱动执行器通过所述柔性传动机构驱动所述转阀转子相对所述转阀定子旋转，实现若干个所述液压驱动活塞组件的移动端沿所述导向短节的径向往复运动。
作为优选，所述柔性传动机构还包括跨接杆，所述跨接杆设于两个铰接接头或两个万向节或两个挠性杆或两个挠性管之间，或所述跨接杆设于铰接接头、万向节、挠性杆或挠性管中任两个之间；所述跨接杆和/或所述挠性杆和/或所述挠性管通过悬挂轴承悬挂于其所在的承载短节内部。
作为优选，所述柔性导向钻井工具还包括设有驱动控制电路的驱动控制短节，所述驱动控制短节至少设置于所述驱动短节上方，并通过设于所述贯通空间的跨接通讯电路与所述电驱动执行器电连接。
作为优选，所述偏转导向机构还包括摆动筒，所述摆动筒下端固定于所述钻头或所述摆动筒与所述钻头一体成型，所述摆动筒上端套接于所述导向短节外侧，所述摆动筒通过内铰接万向节与所述导向短节的下端相接，且所述摆动筒与所述导向短节之间设有活动间隙，使得所述液压驱动活塞组件的移动端往复运动时能够驱动所述摆动筒绕所述内铰接万向节的中心转动并抵靠井壁，从而带动所述钻头偏转。
作为优选，所述柔性导向钻井工具还包括高刚性钻柱，所述高刚性钻柱能在主井眼中为 所述柔性驱动钻柱传递钻井动力，并通过所述柔性驱动钻柱将钻井动力传递给所述导向短节，所述高刚性钻柱的抗弯刚度至少为所述柔性驱动钻柱抗弯刚度的10倍；所述导向短节的长度小于1米且小于钻头外直径的5倍，所述承载短节的平均长度小于0.5米且小于钻头外直径的3倍；所述万向钻压扭矩偏转传递机构可自由偏转的角度范围为2°到15°；所述导向短节与所述柔性驱动钻柱的总长度大于分支井眼的轴向长度。
作为优选，所述柔性导向钻井工具还包括捷联式姿态测量模块，所述捷联式姿态测量模块用于在井下测量所述柔性导向钻井工具的井斜角和/或重力工具面角和/或磁工具面角；所述捷联式姿态测量模块设置于所述导向短节内部，包括姿态测量电路和至少两支沿径向设置的相互成预设角度的加速度计，所述姿态测量电路为采用厚膜电路工艺制造的姿态测量电路。
本发明相对于现有技术优势在于：
1、本发明所述的柔性导向钻井工具，通过驱动柔性传动机构驱动偏转导向机构运动，大幅度缩短导向短节的尺寸，提高所述柔性导向钻井工具在短半径井眼或极短半径井眼中的通过性，并使柔性导向钻井工具在旋转钻井条件下实现导向功能。偏转导向机构能驱动钻头按预设方向偏转，以改变井眼轨迹，从而实现短-极短半径定向钻井或通过所述短-极短半径井段完成其延伸井段的定向钻探。尤其是，在通过极短半径井段继续进行延伸井段钻探的应用中，导向短节和柔性驱动钻柱需要通过所述极短半径井段，因此，通过将偏转导向机构设置于导向短节内，将驱动控制装置(如电驱动执行器以及与电驱动执行器相连的柔性传动机构的动力输入端)设置于柔性驱动钻柱的贯通空间内，并用万向钻压扭矩偏转传递机构实现导向短节和柔性驱动钻柱的连接，使导向钻井工具具有很强的柔，实现钻探短半径-极短半径井眼或通过所述短半径-极短半径井眼继续进行导向钻探。
2、本发明所述的柔性导向钻井工具，由于驱动控制电路含有大量功率器件且需要散热空间，因此将驱动控制电路设置于驱动短节后方的驱动控制短节内，并通过万向传动机构实现驱动控制短节与邻近其他短节的连接，从而有效缩短导向短节的长度，进而更容易在高曲率井眼里实现定向功能。
3、本发明所述的柔性导向钻井工具，选用电驱动执行器为液压驱动活塞组件分配贯通流道中的钻井流体，以实现向特定方向的导向，可以最大限度的节约导向过程所需额能量，对缩小机械结构和电路的体积起到至关重要的作用。
4、本发明所述的柔性导向钻井工具，所述捷联式姿态测量模块可以不依赖惯性平台实现所述柔性导向钻井工具的姿态测量，消除惯性平台占用的大量空间和带来的隐患，有助于所述柔性导向钻井工具导向短节本体或承载短节的小型化。
5、本发明所述的柔性导向钻井工具，采用厚膜电路工艺制造本发明中指定功能的电路或 模块，可以最大限度减小占用的空间，从而最大限度的缩小各个电路所在承载短节的轴向长度，达到最大限度提高所述柔性导向钻井工具通过性的目的。
附图说明
图1是本发明所述柔性导向钻井工具的实施例1所述的第一种实施方式的剖视结构示意图；
图2是本发明所述柔性导向钻井工具的实施例1所述的第二种实施方式的结构示意图；
图3是本发明所述柔性导向钻井工具的实施例1所述的第三种实施方式的结构示意图；
图4是本发明所述柔性导向钻井工具的实施例1所述的第四种实施方式的结构示意图；
图5是本发明所述柔性导向钻井工具的实施例2所述的基于指向原理的柔性导向钻井工具的局部剖视结构示意图；
图6是本发明所述柔性导向钻井工具的实施例2所述的基于指向原理的柔性导向钻井工具的整体剖视结构示意图；
图7是本发明所述柔性导向钻井工具的实施例3的第一种实施方式的局部剖视结构示意图；
图8是本发明所述柔性导向钻井工具的实施例3的第一种实施方式的整体剖视结构示意图；
图9是本发明所述柔性导向钻井工具的实施例3的第二种实施方式的整体剖视结构示意图；
图10是本发明所述柔性导向钻井工具的实施例3的第二种实施方式的局部剖视结构示意图；
图11是本发明所述柔性导向钻井工具的实施例3的第三种实施方式的局部剖视结构示意图；
图12是本发明所述柔性导向钻井工具的实施例3的第四种实施方式的整体剖视结构示意图；
图13是本发明所述柔性导向钻井工具的实施例3的第四种实施方式的局部剖视结构示意图；
图14为图13中跨接液压线路横截面结构示意图；
图15为本发明所述柔性导向钻井工具的应用示意图。
附图标记列示如下：
100、导向钻进短节；
110、钻头；111、摆动筒；112、内铰接万向节；113、柔性传动机构；1131、内置万向节；1132、弹性杆；1133、跨接杆；1134、万向转动轴；1135、柔性外管；114、跨接液压线路；1141、第一跨接液压线路；1142、第二跨接液压线路；1143、第三跨接液压线路；115、悬挂轴承；120、导向短节；121、导向短节本体；1211、贯通流道；1212、节流装置；
121、导向节本体；1211、贯通流道；1212、节流装置；122、导向套筒；123、驱动芯轴；124、上复合轴承；125、下复合轴承；126、液压滑环机构；1261、第一液压滑环；1262、第二液压滑环；1263、第三液压滑环；
131、液压驱动活塞组件；1311、活塞容置腔；1312、驱动活塞；1313、推靠件；
140、电驱动执行器；141、液压分流装置；1411、转阀转子；1412、转阀定子；1413、钻头喷嘴；1414、沟通阀口；142、电动机；1421、电动机转子；1422、电动机定子；143、电磁阀；144、旋转变压器；147、电机泵组；
150、驱动短节；151、驱动短节本体；
160、液压源；
200、柔性驱动钻柱；
210、承载短节；
220、万向钻压扭矩偏转传递机构；221、铰接式万向节；223、流管；224、球头；225、球座；226、传动销；
230、驱动控制电路；
240、跨接电路；241、跨接液压线路；
250、导向控制电路；
260、电源短节；
270、捷联式姿态测量模块；
280、驱动控制短节；
290、导向控制短节；
300、主井眼；310、分支井眼；320、斜向器；330、刚性传动钻柱。
具体实施方式
为了便于理解本发明，下面结合附图和具体实施例，对本发明进行更详细的说明。其中，形容词性或副词性修饰语“上”和“下”、“内”和“外”、“前”和“后”的使用仅是为了便于多组术语之间的相对参考，且并非描述对经修饰术语的任何特定的方向限制。在文中描述的“前方”和“后方”指的是沿钻进方向的前方和后方。另外，术语“第一”、“第二”等仅 用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量，由此，限定有“第一”、“第二”等的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括一个或者更多个该特征。在本发明的描述中，除非另有说明，“多个”的含义是两个或两个以上。
本发明的目的是提供一种能实现短-极短半径井眼定向钻进或通过短-极短半径井眼实现其延伸井段定向钻进的柔性导向钻井工具。本发明中，极短半径井眼在本领域中尚无明确定义，其主要指转弯半径小于10米的井眼。
实施例1
一种柔性导向钻井工具如图1-4所示，包括导向短节100和柔性驱动钻柱200；所述柔性驱动钻柱200用于传递钻井动力，包括多个由上至下依次连接的承载短节210，相邻的所述承载短节210之间通过万向钻压扭矩偏转传递机构220传递钻井动力。万向钻压扭矩偏转传递机构220也即为万向传动机构。所述柔性驱动钻柱200内部沿轴向贯通形成贯通空间；所述导向短节100下端固定设有钻头110、上端连接于所述柔性驱动钻柱200的下部。所述柔性导向钻井工具还包括偏转导向机构和驱动所述偏转导向机构运动以使钻头110钻进方向发生改变的偏转控制系统。所述偏转导向机构设于所述导向短节100。
所述偏转控制系统包括驱动控制装置和柔性传动机构113。所述驱动控制装置通过驱动所述柔性传动机构113往复运动、旋转或摆动实现对偏转导向机构的控制；所述驱动控制装置能通过所述柔性传动机构113跨越万向钻压扭矩偏转传递机构220对偏转导向机构实施控制。具体的，所述柔性传动机构113“往复运动”是指沿柔性驱动钻柱200的轴线方向往复运动，即向上方或下方往复运动；所述柔性传动机构113“旋转”是指所述柔性传动机构113以柔性驱动钻柱200的轴线为旋转轴旋转；所述柔性传动机构113“摆动”是指以柔性驱动钻柱200的轴线为旋转轴摆动。所述万向钻压扭矩偏转传递机构220为铰接结构和扭矩传递件形成的万向节结构；或所万向钻压扭矩偏转传递机构220由铰接结构和独立万向节构成；或所述万向钻压扭矩偏转传递机构220为铰链式万向节。所述柔性驱动钻柱200中的万向钻压扭矩偏转传递机构220的具体实现方式类似于柔性钻杆中各个短节间的连接结构，所述万向钻压扭矩偏转传递机构220的具体设计结构为现有技术，本发明不再赘述。其作用在于，可以在柔性驱动钻柱200的贯通结构内跨越若干个万向钻压扭矩偏转传递机构220对偏转导向机构实施控制，使驱动控制装置可以独立设置于导向短节100后方，避免驱动控制装置设置于导向短节中。偏转控制系统最大限度的缩短了导向短节100的长度以及导向短节100后方各个铰接点的偏转中心间的距离，使柔性驱动钻柱200更容易通过高曲率井眼，并在高曲率井眼中传递钻井动力，并同时实现对偏转导向机构的控制。
具体实施过程中，由于柔性驱动钻柱200中的各个承载短节间可以通过万向钻压扭矩偏 转传递机构220相互传递轴向力和/或承担扭矩，故驱动控制装置旋转所述柔性传动机构113产生的反扭矩由柔性驱动钻柱200承担，使本发明的技术方案得以实现。
本发明中的钻头110指在钻进过程中主要实现岩土破岩的结构，其保径段或侧向切削齿可设置于导向短节100外侧任意位置。所述钻头110融合设置于所述导向短节100下部，融合设置的具体方法为一体化制作或者通过丝扣连接，导向短节100呈筒状，导向短节100上设置有用于执行导向功能的偏转导向机构，偏转导向机构100能驱动钻头110按预设方向偏转，以实现在旋转钻井条件下驱动钻头110偏转，从而改变井眼轨迹，进而实现超短半径钻井或通过超短半径井段继续进行导向钻井。
所述柔性传动机构113设于所述导向短节100和/或柔性驱动钻柱200的贯通空间内部，包括铰接接头、万向节、挠性杆、挠性管、弹性杆、弹性管中的任意一种或组合；在图1所示实施例中为铰接接头。
所述驱动控制装置在本实施例中为电驱动执行器140，所述驱动控制装置设置于所述导向短节100上方且与所述导向短节100至少间隔一套所述万向钻压扭矩偏转传递机构220。
所述铰接接头的动力输入端即为电驱动执行器140的输出轴，电驱动执行器140固定于所述柔性驱动钻柱200的最下端承载短节210的贯通空间中。
所述铰接接头的动力输出端连接所述偏转导向机构。所述电驱动执行器140通过控制所述铰接接头转动，实现对所述偏转导向机构的运动控制。
具体地，如图1所示，所述偏转导向机构包括液压分流装置141和液压驱动活塞组件130，一组液压驱动活塞组件130设置在所述导向短节100的侧壁，或者所述液压驱动活塞组件130沿所述导向短节100的周向侧壁，均匀设有三组。每组所述液压驱动活塞组件130均沿所述导向短节100的径向布置；所述电驱动执行器140通过所述铰接接头驱动所述液压分流装置141运动，从而周期性地将导向短节100内流道中的高压钻井流体与液压驱动活塞组件130相连通，实现所述液压驱动活塞组件130的移动端(也即为驱动活塞1312)沿所述导向短节100的径向往复运动；所述驱动活塞1312往复运动时，至少能够伸出所述导向短节100的侧壁，然后推靠井壁，进而驱动所述钻头按预设方向偏转。
所述柔性导向钻井工具还包括驱动短节150，所述驱动短节150通过万向钻压扭矩偏转传递机构220连接于所述导向短节100与所述柔性驱动钻柱200之间，或所述驱动短节150通过所述万向钻压扭矩偏转传递机构220与相邻两个承载短节依次相连，或设置有电驱动执行器140的承载短节即为驱动短节150；所述电驱动执行器140固定于所述驱动短节150内部。所述电驱动执行器140为电动机142，其中所述电动机定子与驱动短节本体固定151连接。
如图1所示，所述液压分流装置141包括转阀定子1412和转阀转子1411，所述转阀定子1412固定于所述导向短节100内，所述转阀定子1412设置有若干分别与所述液压驱动活塞组件130对应的阀位。所述转阀转子1411与所述电动机转子通过柔性传动机构113相互耦接，驱动所述转阀转子1411相对所述转阀定子1412旋转，从而周期性地将导向短节100内的贯通流道1211中的高压钻井流体与活塞容置腔1311连通，实现若干个所述液压驱动活塞组件130的移动端沿所述导向短节100的径向往复运动；进而通过所述液压驱动活塞组件130的移动端直接或间接的为钻头110提供侧向切削力或者辅助钻头110向导向方向摆动，从而驱使所述钻头110按预设方向偏转。所述电动机优选为为可实现角度和/或位置控制的伺服电机。
所述液压驱动活塞组件130为在液压作用下伸缩并提供推力的机构，包括驱动活塞1312和活塞容置腔1311，所述驱动活塞1312和活塞容置腔1311均连接于所述导向短节100的筒壁上。所述驱活塞1121能直接抵靠井壁或通过推靠肋翼间接抵靠井壁。通过所述驱动活塞1312的伸缩驱动所述钻头110按预设方向偏转。所述液压驱动活塞组件130为圆形截面柱塞、非圆形截面的柱塞、非圆形截面的活塞或其他同等替代均属于本发明的保护范围。所述驱动活塞1312间接推靠井壁的方法包括通过抵推肋翼或推靠块向井壁传递推力。
作为优选实施方式，如图2所示，所述柔性传动机构113包括两个内置万向节1131，两个万向节之间通过跨接杆1133连接到一起，也即为，所述电动机转子的动力输出端与所述转阀转子1411的动力输入端采用内置万向节1131和跨接杆1133连接。所述跨接杆1133通过悬挂轴承悬挂于其所在的承载短节210内部。所述跨接杆1133通过转动和/或轴向运动驱动所述液压分流装置141向液压驱动活塞组件130分流高压钻井流体。所述电动机转子和转阀转子1411通过内置万向节1131与所述跨接杆1133的两端连接，所述电动机转子能通过所述跨接杆322驱动所述转阀转子1411相对所述转阀定子1412旋转。
当导向短节100与驱动短节150间隔两个或多个万向钻压扭矩偏转传递机构220时，则设置有多个跨接杆1133，各个跨接杆1133间通过内置万向节1131连接，邻近所述转阀的跨接杆1133与所述转阀转子1411之间也采用所述内置万向节1131连接，邻近所述电动机的跨接杆与所述电动机转子采用所述内置万向节连接。优选地，如图4所示，所述跨接杆1133和所述内置万向节1131可以一体设计为万向传动轴1134，多段所述万向传动轴1134首尾相接后分别连接电驱动执行器140和液压分流装置141。作为优选，多段所述万向传动轴1134的外侧可包裹有柔性外管1135，所述万向传动轴1134在柔性外管1135内转动。
作为优选实施方式，如图3所示，所述柔性传动机构113包括挠性杆1132，也即为所述电动机转子输出端与所述转阀转子1411的动力输入端采用挠性杆1132连接，进而驱动转阀 转子1411旋转。所述挠性杆1132优选通过悬挂轴承悬挂于其所在的承载短节210内部。所述导向短节100上设有贯通流道，所述电动机驱动所述液压分流装置141通过所述贯通流道与所述液压驱动活塞组件1112周期性相连通，所述电动机与所述驱动控制装置电连接。
进一步，作为优选，所述柔性传动机构113包括内置的万向节1131时，所述柔性传动机构113中的内置万向节1131设置于所述电驱动执行器140输出端轴线与所述液压分流装置141输入端的轴线的延伸线的焦点处。具体的，所述电驱动执行器140输出端轴线与所述液压分流装置141输入端的轴线的延伸线的焦点为控制轴的偏转中心，所述控制轴的偏转中心与其外侧的万向传动机构偏转点保持同心。其作用在于，由于所述电驱动执行器140输出端轴线与所述液压分流装置141输入端的轴线的延伸线的焦点为所述柔性传动机构113的偏转中心，所述柔性传动机构113的偏转中心与其外侧的万向钻压扭矩偏转传递机构220的偏转点保持同心。需要说明的是，所述控制轴偏转中心也即为导向短节100和驱动短节150之间的万向钻压扭矩偏转传递机构220的偏转中心。
作为优选实施方式，如图1-3所示，所述柔性导向钻井工具还包括设有驱动控制电路230的驱动控制短节280，所述驱动控制短节280至少设置于所述驱动短节150上方，并通过设于所述贯通空间的跨接电路240与所述电驱动执行器140电连接。所述电驱动执行器140优选为电动机。需要说明的是，所述跨接电路240穿设于跨越万向钻压扭矩偏转传递机构220内壁或所述贯通空间的电气线路，可用于传递电力和/或通讯信号和/或控制信号。具体的，可用于对电动机的控制，也可用于电力传输。所述电动机为伺服电机，所述伺服电机包括旋转变压器144，所述驱动控制电路230能控制所述伺服电机旋转至精确的角度位置。
电动机通过柔性传动机构113与液压分流装置141连接。所述液压分流装置141的转阀定子1412设置有若干沟通阀口1414，所述沟通阀口1414与活塞容置腔1311相连通，所述驱动控制装置通过电动机驱动转阀转子1411相对柔性驱动钻柱200反向等速旋转，使转阀转子1411的开口方向朝向某一扇区的沟通阀口1414，随着柔性驱动钻柱200的旋转，当任意活塞容置腔1311随导向短节100旋转至转阀转子1411开口朝向的扇区内时，所述转阀转子1411与沟通阀口1414相连通，能将导向短节100的贯通流道1211与所述活塞容置腔1311连通。液压分流装置141能在电动机的驱动下通过贯通流道1211与活塞组件112周期性相连通，以使驱动活塞1312随钻柱旋转周期性的抵靠井壁，从而获得井壁对导向短节110的朝向预设导向方向的反作用力，进而驱使钻头110向导向方向偏转。当需要调节导向方向时，通过缓慢增/减转阀转子1411与柔性驱动钻柱200的相对速度，即可调节转阀的开口方向。
当液压驱动活塞组件130设置于导向短节100的中部或上部时，导向控制电路250通过驱动控制电路230驱动电动机，并进一步的控制偏转导向机构按照上述流程使处于预设导向 方向的扇区内的活塞容置腔1311与导向短节100的内部贯通流道1211中的高压钻井循环介质接触，使该扇区的驱动活塞1312抵推井壁，使导向钻进短节获得来自井壁的反作用力；于此同时，液压分流装置141阻断了背对预设导向方向所在扇区内的活塞容置腔1311与贯通流道1211的接触，背对预设导向方向所在扇区内的活塞容置腔中的残余钻井循环介质经过节流装置1212泄流，则促使处于预设导向方向所在扇区内的驱动活塞回收；在上述作用下，井壁会对导向短节100的中部或后部施加背对导向方向的合力，进一步的撬动钻头110向导向方向摆动，实现导向钻进功能。这种条件下，采用长保径钻头可以促进和加强导向效果。
反之，如图2所示，当液压驱动活塞组件130设置靠近钻头110下端面设置时，导向控制电路250通过上述流程使背对导向方向的扇区内的活塞容置腔与导向短节100的内部流道中的高压流体接触，使该扇区的驱动活塞抵推井壁；于此同时，处于预设导向方向所在扇区内的活塞容置腔中的钻井循环介质经过节流装置1212泄流，则促使处于预设导向方向所在扇区内的驱动活塞回收；上述作用使井壁向导向短节的前部施加朝向导向方向的合力，进一步的推动钻头向导向方向切削井壁，实现导向钻进功能。这种条件下，采用短保径钻头可以促进和加强导向效果。
需要说明的是，预设导向方向的预设方式可以是工具下井前预设与导向控制电路250中或钻井过程中通过泥浆的压力变化或者流量变化下传信号进行预设，导向控制电路250能根据所述预设方向向驱动控制电路230下达指令，其具体流程为现有技术，本发明不再赘述。来自于钻柱水眼中的钻井流体经过导向短节100内部的贯通流道1211进入钻头110内部继而流入环空，钻头110内部或钻头110与液压分流装置141之间的流道中设置有钻头喷嘴1413，钻井流体流经钻头喷嘴1413或节流装置1212时，会产生压降，压降即为液压驱动活塞组件130的工作压差，其产生压差的具体过程和原理为本领域常识，此处不在赘述。所述周期性连通指所述贯通流道1211与所述液压驱动活塞组件130的连通性随所述柔性导向钻井工具的旋转而周期改变，以保证处于特定扇区的液压驱动活塞组件得到液压力，用于驱动偏转导向机构带动钻头110向导向方向偏转。
作为优选实施方式，所述柔性导向钻井工具还包括高刚性钻柱330，所述高刚性钻柱330在主井眼300中为所述柔性驱动钻柱200传递钻井动力，并通过所述柔性驱动钻柱200将钻井动力传递给所述导向短节100，所述高刚性钻柱330的抗弯刚度至少为所述柔性驱动钻柱200抗弯刚度的10倍。所述导向短节100的长度小于1米且小于钻头110外直径的5倍。所述承载短节210的平均长度小于0.5米且小于钻头110外直径的3倍，通过减小每一铰接点之间的距离，使得在万向钻压扭矩偏转传递机构220组成的串列发生振动时，每个铰接点两端都不会形成过长的力臂，进而避免铰接处折断。所述万向钻压扭矩偏转传递机构220可自 由偏转的角度范围为2°到15°；所述导向短节100与所述柔性驱动钻柱200的总长度大于分支井眼的轴向长度。
当所述柔性导向钻井工具用于分支钻井时，导向短节100和柔性驱动钻柱200均可以随着分支井钻井进尺的增加而进入分支井段，即进入主井眼与分支井眼形成的窗口。在深井中进行分支井侧钻时，主井眼的井深远大于分支井段的长度。因此，本发明采用高刚性钻柱330在主井眼内传递钻井动力将有利于减小钻井动力在传递过程中的损耗。即井口处的旋转钻井装置通过高刚性钻柱330在主井眼内部将旋转钻井动力传递给柔性驱动钻柱200。作为性价比最优的选择，所述高刚性钻柱330为常规钻杆或钻铤串接而成的钻柱。
作为优选实施方式，所述柔性导向钻井工具还包括捷联式姿态测量模块270和导向控制电路250，所述捷联式姿态测量模块270用于在井下测量所述柔性导向钻井工具的井斜角和/或重力工具面角和/或磁工具面角；所述捷联式姿态测量模块270设置于所述导向短节100内部，用于测量导向短节100的姿态。所述捷联式姿态测量模块270包括姿态测量电路和至少两支沿径向设置的相互成预设角度的加速度计，所述姿态测量电路为采用厚膜电路工艺制造的姿态测量电路，可以进一步缩减导向钻进短节的长度。所述导向控制电路250与所述捷联式姿态测量模块270和所述驱动控制电路230电连接，所述导向控制电路250能根据所述捷联式姿态测量模块270的检测数据控制所述电驱动执行器140执行指令动作。
本实施例中，所述柔性导向钻井工具还包括电源短节260，所述电源短节260串接于所述柔性驱动钻柱200中任意位置，或者，所述电源短节260设置于所述柔性驱动钻柱200的上方。需要说明的是，当所述电源短节260串接于所述柔性驱动钻柱200中任意位置时，所述电源短节260的长度不得超过钻头110外直径的5倍。当所述电源短节260设置于所述柔性驱动钻柱200的上方时，则对所述电源短节260的长度没有要求。所述电源短节260可以是涡轮发电机或电池短节。
实施例2
与上述实施例不同的是，如图5-6所示，所述偏转导向机构还包括摆动筒111，摆动筒111为圆筒状结构，所述摆动筒111下端固定于所述钻头110或所述摆动筒111与所述钻头110一体成型或摆动筒111焊接连接于钻头110的上端。所述摆动筒111上端套接于所述导向短节100外侧，所述摆动筒111通过内铰接万向节112与所述导向短节100的下端相接，且所述摆动筒111与所述导向短节100之间设有径向活动间隙，使得所述液压驱动活塞组件130的移动端往复运动时能够驱动所述摆动筒111绕所述内铰接万向节102的中心转动并抵靠井壁，从而带动所述钻头110按预设方向偏转，以实现导向；钻井过程中，所述导向短节100通过内置的万向节1131将钻压和扭矩传递给钻头110。该实施例描述的是一种基于指向 原理的柔性导向钻井工具。
由于电驱动执行器140通过跨接杆1133与液压分流装置141通过铰接的方式连接，导向控制电路250通过驱动控制电路230驱动电动机使处于背对导向方向的扇区内的活塞容置腔与贯通流道1211中的高压流体接触，使该扇区的驱动活塞抵推井壁，可对摆动筒111的上部施加背对导向方向的力，通过摆动筒111以内置的万向节1131为中心驱动钻头110产生朝向导向方向的偏转角度。
作为优选，摆动筒111的长度至少为内置的万向节1131到其上方最接近的万向钻压扭矩偏转传递机构220之间间距的30％，以充分利用导向短节100的空间延长上力臂，使钻头110可以获得尽可能多的导向力。
实施例3
与上述实施例不同地是，如图7-15所示，所述柔性导向钻井工具还包括液压动力短节150，所述液压动力短节150用于容纳液压源160。所述液压动力短节150通过万向钻压扭矩偏转传递机构220与所述导向短节100连接，或者，所述液压动力短节150通过万向钻压扭矩偏转传递机构220串接于所述柔性驱动钻柱200中，或者，所述液压动力短节150设于所述柔性驱动钻柱200的上端；所述液压源160为可控压力液压源，包括可控液压源和液压源驱动控制模块230，所述液压源驱动控制模块230能控制所述可控液压源产生预设的或运算获得的特定压力值的动力液；每个所述液压驱动活塞组件130通过至少一条跨接液压线路241与所述可控液压源连接。所述动力液通过所述跨接液压线路241将液压力传递给所述液压驱动活塞组件130，进而所述液压驱动活塞组件130按照预设指令执行导向功能。
需要说明的是，所述液压源包括利用水眼内和环空之间的压差产生液压力的液压源和利用电机泵组产生液压力的液压源。所述钻头110与导向短节100通过丝扣连接、插接机构连接、焊接或一体化制作。
所述液压源驱动控制模块设置于驱动控制短节280中；
所述驱动控制短节280通过万向钻压扭矩偏转传递机构220与所述液压动力短节150连接，或，所述驱动控制短节280通过万向钻压扭矩偏转传递机构220串接于所述柔性驱动钻柱200中。
如图7和8所示，所述液压源也可以为电驱动执行器140和液压分流装置141，所述液压分流装置141包括阀盘1411和阀座1412。在液压源驱动控制模块230的驱动下，所述电驱动执行器140驱动阀盘1411相对阀座1412旋转，并为液压驱动活塞组件130配液，使得贯通流道1211中的高压钻井液周期性地通过所述跨接液压线路241与液压驱动活塞组件130连通，从而执行导向功能。
在电驱动执行器140和液压分流装置141之间的所述跨接液压线路241为柔性承压管，用于导流高压流体。
作为优选方案，如图9-10所示，在电驱动执行器140和液压分流装置141之间的所述跨接液压线路241也可包括设于万向节1131内的轴向通孔。也即为此段跨接液压线路241可内置于导向短节100和/或柔性传动机构113中，所述导向短节100和/或柔性传动机构113内均开设有贯通液压流道130，且所述导向短节100和/或柔性传动机构113内的贯通液压流道之间密封连接，用于导流高压流体。所述密封连接方式为所述导向短节100和/或柔性传动机构113之间的小间隙配合或金属密封。
作为优选方案，如图11所示，所述液压源包括电磁阀143，所述电磁阀143能在液压源驱动控制模块230的控制下周期性的为液压驱动活塞组件130提供高压流体。具体的，所述电驱动执行器140包括若干分别与各所述活塞容置腔1311对应的电磁阀143，还包括多条与电磁阀143对应的跨接液压线路，所述电磁阀143与所述液压源驱动控制模块230电连接，所述电磁阀143能将所述贯通流道1211与所述活塞容置腔1311周期性连通。
作为优选实施方式，如图12和13所示，所述导向短节100包括驱动芯轴123和导向套筒122，所述导向套筒122通过上复合轴承124和下复合轴承125套接设置于所述驱动芯轴123外部，上复合轴承124与下复合轴承125能实现轴向止推轴承和/或径向扶正轴承的功能，所述驱动芯轴123一端设置有所述钻头110，另一端固定连接所述柔性驱动钻柱200的下端；
作为优选方案，如图12-14所示，所述导向短节100还包括液压滑环机构126，所述液压滑环机构126包括液压滑环芯轴端和液压滑环套筒端，所述液压滑环机构设于所述驱动芯轴123和所述导向套筒122之间的环形间隙内，所述液压滑环芯轴端与驱动芯轴123固定连接，所述液压滑环套筒端与所述导向套筒122固定连接，用于将液压源提供的液压力传递给对应的液压驱动机构；所述液压源包括三组电机泵组，所述各液压驱动活塞组件130与独立可控压力电机泵组对应；所述电机泵组在液压源驱动控制模块230的控制下为各组液压驱动活塞组件130提供可控的液压力，使所述各组液压驱动活塞组件130产生的推力合力的大小和方向达到预设值。本实施例中所述的液压源驱动控制模块230为电机泵组的液压控制电路，其中至少包括电机泵组中所包含电动机的控制电路。
具体的，所述液压滑环机构126包括第一液压滑环1261、第二液压滑环1262、第三液压滑环1263，所述液压滑环芯轴端与第一跨接液压线路1141、第二跨接液压线路1142、第三跨接液压线路1143路密封连接；其中所述第一跨接液压线路与所述第一液压滑环连通，所述第二跨接液压线路与所述第二液压滑环连通，所述第三跨接液压线与所述第三液压滑环连通；所述第一液压滑环、第二液压滑环、第三液压滑环之间设置有密封件，能使所述第一液压滑 环、第二液压滑环、第三液压滑环之间的压力系统相互独立，使三组液压驱动活塞组件130对应的三组液压源可以独立传送液压能给对应的驱动活塞1312；上述液压驱动活塞组件130和液压源的数量为四组时也可取得同等效果。所述液压滑环机构对液压驱动机构的具体控制方式并非本发明的创新点，其属于现有技术，例如专利号为US 6913095B2和60/380646的专利中已经做出详细阐述。
如图15中所示，实施例中介绍了本发明应用于分支井钻井时的情形，尤其是转弯半径小于10米的分支井钻井及其延伸井段的导向钻井。即在主井眼300内通过高刚性钻柱330将所述柔性导向钻井工具下到如主井眼300内，在斜向器320的支撑作用下完成分支井眼310的钻探作业。
以上所述仅为本发明较佳的具体实施方式，但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到的变化或替换等都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。因此，本发明的保护范围应该以权利要求书的保护范围为准。

Claims (9)

  1. 一种柔性导向钻井工具，包括柔性驱动钻柱和导向短节；所述柔性驱动钻柱用于传递钻井动力，包括多个由上至下依次连接的承载短节，相邻的所述承载短节之间通过万向钻压扭矩偏转传递机构传递钻井动力，所述柔性驱动钻柱内部沿轴向贯通形成贯通空间；所述导向短节下端固定设有钻头、上端连接于所述柔性驱动钻柱的下部，其特征在于，还包括设于柔性导向钻井工具内部的偏转导向机构和驱动所述偏转导向机构运动以使钻头钻进方向发生改变的偏转控制系统，所述偏转控制系统包括驱动控制装置和柔性传动机构，所述柔性传动机构包括铰接接头、万向节、挠性杆或挠性管中的任意一种或其组合；所述柔性传动机构的动力输入端与驱动控制装置相连，所述柔性传动机构的动力输出端与所述偏转导向机构相连；所述驱动控制装置通过控制所述柔性传动机构往复运动、转动或摆动实现对所述偏转导向机构的运动控制。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述柔性导向钻井工具，其特征在于，还包括驱动短节，所述驱动短节通过万向钻压扭矩偏转传递机构连接于所述导向短节与所述柔性驱动钻柱之间，或所述驱动短节通过所述万向钻压扭矩偏转传递机构与相邻两个承载短节依次相连；所述驱动控制装置包括固定于所述驱动短节内部的电驱动执行器；所述柔性传动机构的动力输入端固定于所述电驱动执行器的动力输出端或所述柔性传动机构的动力输入端即为所述电驱动执行器的输出端。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述柔性导向钻井工具，其特征在于，所述偏转导向机构包括液压分流装置和设于所述导向短节外壁的至少一组液压驱动活塞组件，所述液压驱动活塞组件沿所述导向短节的径向布置；所述电驱动执行器通过所述柔性传动机构驱动所述液压分流装置运动，从而周期性地将导向短节内流道中的高压钻井流体与液压驱动活塞组件相连通，实现所述液压驱动活塞组件的移动端沿所述导向短节的径向往复运动；所述液压驱动活塞组件的移动端往复运动时至少能够使所述液压驱动活塞组件的移动端伸出所述导向短节的侧壁，进而驱动所述钻头按预设方向偏转。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述柔性导向钻井工具，其特征在于，所述液压分流装置包括转阀转子和转阀定子，所述转阀定子固定于所述导向短节内，所述转阀定子设置有若干分别与所述液压驱动活塞组件对应的阀位，所述电驱动执行器通过所述柔性传动机构驱动所述转阀转子相对所述转阀定子旋转，实现若干个所述液压驱动活塞组件的移动端沿所述导向短节的径向往复运动。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述柔性导向钻井工具，其特征在于，所述柔性传动机构还包括跨接杆，所述跨接杆设于两个铰接接头或两个万向节或两个挠性杆或两个挠性管之间，或所述跨 接杆设于铰接接头、万向节、挠性杆或挠性管中任两个之间；所述跨接杆和/或所述挠性杆和/或所述挠性管通过悬挂轴承悬挂于其所在的承载短节内部。
  6. 根据权利要求2所述柔性导向钻井工具，其特征在于，还包括设有驱动控制电路的驱动控制短节，所述驱动控制短节至少设置于所述驱动短节上方，并通过设于所述贯通空间的跨接通讯电路与所述电驱动执行器电连接。
  7. 根据权利要求3或4所述柔性导向钻井工具，其特征在于，所述偏转导向机构还包括摆动筒，所述摆动筒下端固定于所述钻头或所述摆动筒与所述钻头一体成型，所述摆动筒上端套接于所述导向短节外侧，所述摆动筒通过内铰接万向节与所述导向短节的下端相接，且所述摆动筒与所述导向短节之间设有活动间隙，使得所述液压驱动活塞组件的移动端往复运动时能够驱动所述摆动筒绕所述内铰接万向节的中心转动并抵靠井壁，从而带动所述钻头偏转。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的柔性导向钻井工具，其特征在于，还包括高刚性钻柱，所述高刚性钻柱能在主井眼中为所述柔性驱动钻柱传递钻井动力，并通过所述柔性驱动钻柱将钻井动力传递给所述导向短节，所述高刚性钻柱的抗弯刚度至少为所述柔性驱动钻柱抗弯刚度的10倍；所述导向短节的长度小于1米且小于钻头外直径的5倍，所述承载短节的平均长度小于0.5米且小于钻头外直径的3倍；所述万向钻压扭矩偏转传递机构可自由偏转的角度至少为2°；所述导向短节与所述柔性驱动钻柱的总长度大于分支井眼的轴向长度。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的柔性导向钻井工具，其特征在于，还包括捷联式姿态测量模块，所述捷联式姿态测量模块用于在井下测量所述柔性导向钻井工具的井斜角和/或重力工具面角和/或磁工具面角；所述捷联式姿态测量模块设置于所述导向短节内部，包括姿态测量电路和至少两支沿径向设置的相互成预设角度的加速度计，所述姿态测量电路为采用厚膜电路工艺制造的姿态测量电路。
PCT/CN2022/077722 2021-02-24 2022-02-24 一种柔性导向钻井工具 WO2022179569A1 (zh)

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