WO2022199666A1 - 一种带有自适应支撑结构的旋转导向钻井工具 - Google Patents

一种带有自适应支撑结构的旋转导向钻井工具 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022199666A1
WO2022199666A1 PCT/CN2022/082831 CN2022082831W WO2022199666A1 WO 2022199666 A1 WO2022199666 A1 WO 2022199666A1 CN 2022082831 W CN2022082831 W CN 2022082831W WO 2022199666 A1 WO2022199666 A1 WO 2022199666A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
flexible shaft
sleeve
drilling tool
centralizing
guide
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PCT/CN2022/082831
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
万晓跃
徐梓辰
杨忠华
郑凯
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万晓跃
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Publication of WO2022199666A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022199666A1/zh

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B17/00—Drilling rods or pipes; Flexible drill strings; Kellies; Drill collars; Sucker rods; Cables; Casings; Tubings
    • E21B17/10—Wear protectors; Centralising devices, e.g. stabilisers
    • E21B17/1078—Stabilisers or centralisers for casing, tubing or drill pipes
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B17/00—Drilling rods or pipes; Flexible drill strings; Kellies; Drill collars; Sucker rods; Cables; Casings; Tubings
    • E21B17/10—Wear protectors; Centralising devices, e.g. stabilisers
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B41/00—Equipment or details not covered by groups E21B15/00 - E21B40/00
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B44/00—Automatic control systems specially adapted for drilling operations, i.e. self-operating systems which function to carry out or modify a drilling operation without intervention of a human operator, e.g. computer-controlled drilling systems; Systems specially adapted for monitoring a plurality of drilling variables or conditions
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
    • E21B7/04—Directional drilling
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
    • E21B7/04—Directional drilling
    • E21B7/06—Deflecting the direction of boreholes

Definitions

  • FIG. 1 it is a schematic structural diagram of a drilling tool in the prior art, including a drill bit 1 , an offset control mechanism 4 , an outer sleeve 6 , a central shaft 8 , a first centralizing bearing 23 , a second centralizing bearing 24 , and a flexible short joint 25 , fulcrum centralizer 26, electrical connection line 54, bias control mechanism drive circuit 55, control circuit 56, side thrust piston accommodating space 61, side thrust piston 62, side thrust pusher 63, energy receiving end 71, energy output Terminal 72 , connector 73 , power supply circuit 81 , modem 82 , attitude measurement circuit 83 .
  • the technical scheme adopted in the present invention includes:
  • connection between the centralizing sleeve, the guide sub body, and the flexible shaft can be fixedly connected by any means such as threaded connection, welding, integrated machining, and 3D printing integrated manufacturing; the connection between the fulcrum centralizer and the centralizing sleeve
  • the fixed connection can also be achieved by any method such as threaded connection, welding, integrated machining, and 3D printing integrated manufacturing.
  • a seal for preventing the cuttings in the annular space from flowing into the annular space between the centralizing sleeve and the flexible shaft is provided between the rear part of the centralizing sleeve and the flexible shaft.
  • the side wall of the flexible shaft is provided with an ultra-deep hole for realizing the electrical connection between the guide pup and other circuits in the rear drill string.
  • the outer diameter of the flexible shaft in the adaptive support structure is not less than 40% of the diameter of the drill bit, which is used to transmit torque and WOB for the drill bit and bear the bending moment.
  • the hinged sleeve is hingedly arranged at the front of the guide short joint through a universal joint, the drill bit is arranged under the hinged sleeve, a pushing member is provided on the outside of the hinged sleeve, and the side push piston passes through the hinged sleeve And the push member transmits the thrust to the well wall.
  • the pushing member is generally a centralizer.
  • the bias control mechanism drive circuit and/or the guide control circuit are arranged inside the flexible shaft or above the flexible shaft.
  • the second attitude measurement circuit is arranged inside the flexible shaft or above the flexible shaft, and the second attitude measurement circuit at least includes an accelerometer and/or a magnetometer arranged along the radial direction, for measuring the gravitational tool face angle or Gravity tool face angle inversion by magnetic tool face angle.
  • the flexible shaft is arranged through the inside of the centralizing sleeve, and forms a deformable short section with an annular deformation space with the centralizing sleeve.
  • the arm distance during the deformation of the flexible shaft is increased, thereby reducing the working pressure of the offset control mechanism and improving the stability of the tool and the adaptability of the formation.
  • arranging the drive circuit of the bias control mechanism inside the flexible shaft or above the flexible shaft can reduce the length of the guide short section to a greater extent, and can better play the role of the flexible section.
  • the obstruction of the drill string behind the steering sub to the steering sub is greatly reduced, so that the side pusher can push the steering sub to deflect with less force.
  • arranging the drive circuit of the bias control mechanism behind the flexible shaft can sufficiently reduce the damage to the circuit caused by vibration.
  • Fig. 1 is the structural representation of prior art drilling tool
  • Embodiment 1 of the present invention is a schematic structural diagram of Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • Embodiment 2 of the present invention is a schematic structural diagram of Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the partial structure of the sealing tube in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • Embodiment 3 of the present invention is a schematic structural diagram of Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of an improved structure of Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the first embodiment of the drilling tool of the present invention.
  • it also includes a flexible shaft 2 and a centralizing sleeve 29; the front part of the centralizing sleeve 29 is fixed to the front part of the flexible shaft 2 connected, the flexible shaft 2 is deflected under the biasing action of the guide short joint while the flexible shaft 2 performs self-rotating motion along its axis, so that the front part of the flexible shaft 2 is deflected with the fulcrum centralizer 26 as the fulcrum.
  • the bias control mechanism 4 is arranged in front of the front end face of the centralizing sleeve 29, and applies a direction perpendicular to its axis for the guide sub-section. Acting force; the guide sub joint is deflected with the fulcrum centralizer 26 as the fulcrum.
  • a drill bit 1 protruding from the outer sleeve is arranged at the top end of the front part of the guide short joint; an annular deformation space is arranged between the centralizing sleeve 29 and the flexible shaft, and the front end of the annular deformation space terminates at the guiding short joint and the centralizing sleeve 29 Front handover.
  • the flexible shaft 2 is inserted into the sleeve and deformed in the sleeve, so that the flexible deformation section b is greatly approached to the drill bit 1, so the build-up rate or Under the conditions of the same deflection requirement, the necessary thrust is reduced to a minimum.
  • FIGS 3 and 4 are schematic diagrams of the structure of the second embodiment of the drilling tool of the present invention.
  • a sealing tube 7 arranged between the rear of the centralizing sleeve 29 and the flexible shaft 2 is added. 7 is used to prevent cuttings in the annulus from flowing into the annular space between the centering sleeve 29 and the flexible shaft 2 .
  • the sealing tube 7 is in contact with the flexible shaft 2 and the centering sleeve 29 by arc surfaces, allowing the sealing tube 7 to deflect between the flexible shaft 2 and the centering sleeve 29 .
  • the sealing tube 7 can also be replaced with a sealing bag or other sealing member, and the sealing member mainly refers to sealing dirt such as cuttings, and there is no requirement on whether fluid sealing is required.
  • the annular deformation space between the centralizing sleeve 29 and the flexible shaft 2 can be filled with oil or allowed to flow in the drilling fluid. The purpose of the seal is only to prevent debris such as debris from filling the annular deformation space, resulting in obstruction of the flexible segment from deformation.
  • the cross-sectional area of the annular deformation space formed between the centering sleeve 29 and the flexible shaft 2 starts from the force position where the annular deformation space contacts the flexible shaft 2, and gradually expands from front to back to form a conical annular deformation space,
  • the force-bearing position where the annular deformation space is in contact with the flexible shaft is at least in front of the foremost front end of the fulcrum centralizer 26 .
  • the rear part of the guide short joint is provided with a righting sleeve installation position 5, which is used for the fixed connection of the righting sleeve and the rear part of the guide short joint.
  • the fixed connection may be one or more combinations of screw connection, spline connection, and pin connection.
  • the inner diameter of the centralizing sleeve needs to be larger than the outer diameter of any section after the root of the flexible shaft 2 to ensure that the centralizing sleeve 29 can be smoothly sleeved on the outside of the flexible shaft 2 .
  • the short guide joint refers to the section where the biasing mechanism is specifically installed, and the short guide joint is connected to the front of the flexible shaft 2 . Therefore, in the present invention, the front of the flexible shaft and the rear of the guide pup are the same concept.
  • the diameter difference obtained by subtracting the inner diameter of the rear part of the centralizing sleeve 29 from the outer diameter of the flexible shaft 2 at the corresponding position is 1 to 30 mm.
  • the gap between the inner diameter of the rear end of the centralizing sleeve 29 and the outer diameter of the flexible shaft 2 at the corresponding position of the rear end of the centralizing sleeve 29 is less than or equal to the displacement caused by the deflection of the flexible shaft 2 within the elastic deformation range. It should be noted that when the rotation guide works normally, the displacement of the flexible shaft 2 caused by the flexible deformation is smaller than the annular space gap distance at the corresponding position between the righting sleeve 29 and the flexible shaft 2. In order to prevent the tool from vibrating or In other limit states, the flexible shaft 2 breaks. The annular space gap is not larger than the displacement caused by the yielding of the flexible shaft 2 .
  • the drilling tool is a static offset rotary guide
  • the static offset rotary guide includes an outer sleeve 6 and a central shaft 8
  • the offset control mechanism and the pushing member are arranged on the cylinder wall of the outer sleeve 6,
  • the offset control mechanism is a hydraulic system, and the pusher is pushed against the well wall by the piston to generate deflection effect.
  • the hydraulic system relies on the energy transmission member to supply power
  • the energy transmission member includes an energy receiving end 71 arranged on the outer sleeve and an energy output end 72 arranged on the centralizing sleeve 29 and rotating synchronously with the centralizing sleeve; the The energy receiving end 71 and the energy outputting end 72 are connected by contact sliding triboelectric transmission, or, the energy receiving end 71 and the energy outputting end 72 adopt non-contact coupling inductive power transmission.
  • the technical solution adopted in the present invention includes: a rotary steerable drilling tool with an adaptive support structure, which is characterized in that it includes a steering sub, an offset control mechanism, and a drive of the offset control mechanism. circuit, attitude measurement circuit and adaptive support structure;
  • the guide sub-section includes a side pushing device and a drill bit 1, and the drill bit is arranged at the front of the guide sub-section;
  • the adaptive support structure includes a flexible shaft 2, a centralizing sleeve 6 and a fulcrum centralizer 26; the front part of the centralizing sleeve is connected with the front part of the flexible shaft, and the connection part between the front end of the flexible shaft and the centralizing sleeve adopts In the coaxial connection mode, when the flexible shaft performs self-rotating motion along its axis, the deflection deformation occurs under the action of the outward thrust of the guide short side thrust device, and the front part of the flexible shaft follows the front part of the centralizing sleeve as a fulcrum centralizer. Deflection for the fulcrum;
  • the side thrust device includes a side thrust piston accommodating space 61 and a side thrust piston 62, the side thrust device is arranged in front of the front end face of the centralizing sleeve, and the side thrust device is a guide short section driven by the bias control mechanism. Apply a force perpendicular to its axis; the guide sub joint is connected to the front of the flexible shaft, and the guide sub joint is deflected with the fulcrum centralizer 26 as a fulcrum; the side push piston 62 can be directly pushed against the well wall or through Other components transmit the pushing force to the well wall.
  • An annular deformation space is provided between the centralizing sleeve 6 and the flexible shaft, and the front end of the annular deformation space terminates at the interface between the guide short joint and the front part of the centralizing sleeve.
  • the annular deformation space formed between the righting sleeve and the flexible shaft starts from the stress position where the annular deformation space contacts the flexible shaft, and gradually expands from front to back to form a conical annular deformation space.
  • the force-bearing position in contact with the flexible shaft is at least in front of the front end of the fulcrum centralizer.
  • the side wall of the flexible shaft is provided with an ultra-deep hole for realizing electrical connection between the guide short section and other circuits in the rear drill string, and an electrical connection line 54 is passed through the hole, and the electrical connection line is used to realize the electric motor 41 .
  • the power and/or communication connection with the bias control mechanism drive circuit 55 enables the bias control mechanism drive circuit 55 to control the rotation of the motor.
  • the deflection control mechanism includes a motor 41, a rotary transformer 44, a rotary valve rotor 42, and a rotary valve valve seat 43.
  • the motor can drive the rotary valve rotor 42 to rotate relative to the rotary valve valve seat 43, and can circulate the high-pressure drilling inside the drilling tool.
  • the medium is periodically distributed to the lateral thrust device, and is pushed against the well wall to achieve the purpose of steering.
  • the rotary valve seat 43 is fixedly connected with the guide sub body, and the rotary valve seat 43 is provided with a plurality of valve positions corresponding to the side-push piston accommodating spaces 61 one-to-one, and the valve positions pass through the flow channel and its corresponding side-push
  • the piston accommodating space 61 is communicated, the motor 41 is fixedly connected with the guide nipple body, and the output end of the motor drive shaft is coupled with the rotary valve rotor 42, which can drive the rotary valve rotor 42 to rotate relative to the rotary valve seat 43, and can make the side push piston
  • the accommodating space 61 is periodically communicated with the water hole inside the drilling tool to obtain high-pressure drilling fluid, so that the driving thrust piston 62 periodically generates thrust.
  • a preset steering direction is stored in the control circuit 56, and the bias control mechanism drive circuit 55 can control the motor to rotate in the opposite direction of the drilling tool, and control the drive side thrust piston 62 to push against the well wall in the opposite direction of the steering direction, which is The specific control method is not an innovative point of the present invention, and will not be repeated here.
  • the control circuit 56 and the bias control mechanism driving circuit 55 can be realized by one PCB board or by two PCB boards.
  • the preset steering direction can be preset before the tool goes downhole or through the pressure change of the mud or the downlink signal during the drilling process; the drilling fluid from the water hole of the drill string passes through the nozzle or throttling structure. When the pressure drop occurs, the pressure drop is the working pressure difference of the side push piston 62.
  • the periodic communication means that the communication between the through flow passage and the driving hydraulic cylinder changes periodically with the rotation of the drilling tool, so as to ensure that the thrust piston 62 in a specific sector obtains hydraulic pressure.
  • the mutual coupling refers to a connection method that can ensure the synchronous rotation of the rotor of the driving motor and the rotor of the rotary valve, including but not limited to plugging.
  • Both the bias control mechanism drive circuit and the guide control circuit are arranged in the sealed pressure-bearing chamber, and the sealed pressure-bearing chamber is arranged inside the drill collar above the flexible shaft.
  • the second attitude measurement circuit is arranged inside the flexible shaft or above the flexible shaft, and the second attitude measurement circuit includes at least an accelerometer and a magnetometer arranged along the radial direction, for measuring the gravitational tool face angle or the magnetic tool face angle Reverse gravity tool face angle.
  • a second fulcrum centralizer 27 is provided at the rear of the flexible shaft, or a second fulcrum centralizer 27 is provided on the outside of other drill strings above the flexible shaft.
  • FIG. 6 is a lift of the embodiment shown in FIG. 5 , and further includes an articulating sleeve 3 and a universal joint 32 , and the articulating sleeve is hingedly arranged through the universal joint 32 .
  • the drill bit 1 and the hinged sleeve 3 are coaxially arranged, and the drill bit 1 is provided with the lower end of the hinged sleeve.
  • the universal joint 32 is responsible for transmitting drilling pressure and torque, and the outside of the hinged sleeve is A pusher 63 is provided, the pusher is a centralizer integrated with the hinged sleeve, and the side push piston 62 transmits the thrust to the well wall through the hinged sleeve 3 and the pusher 63 .
  • the above-mentioned embodiments can all correspond to a cylindrical annular deformation space or a conical annular deformation space in the specific implementation process.
  • the contact force position between the annular deformation space and the flexible shaft is preferably curved surface contact rather than point contact, and the specific curved surface radian of the curved surface contact is designed to match the force of the flexible shaft to generate flexibility
  • the bending radian generated during deformation can increase the force-bearing area as much as possible and reduce the excessive local pressure when the flexible shaft is subjected to force and deformation.
  • This patent does not limit the type of rotation guide, whether it is a static offset rotation guide with an outer sleeve or a dynamic offset rotation guide without an outer sleeve, both are within the scope of protection of this patent;
  • the torque and bending moment required in the working process are conducted by the flexible shaft, and the required weight on bit is transmitted by the flexible shaft and/or the centralizing sleeve and outer casing with a thrust structure.
  • the barrel conducts through a spin-torsion linkage.

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Abstract

一种带有自适应支撑结构的旋转导向钻井工具，通过添加扶正套筒（29）和在扶正套筒内部穿设柔性轴（2）的方法将原本中心轴（8）尾部与外套筒（6）之间直接连接变为经扶正套筒的间接连接，在不对柔性节做明显加长的基础上增加柔性轴形变过程中的力臂距离，进而减小了偏置控制机构（4）的工作压力，提升工具使用稳定性和地层适应性。

Description

一种带有自适应支撑结构的旋转导向钻井工具 技术领域
本发明涉及钻井勘探工程技术领域，尤其涉及一种带有自适应支撑结构的旋转导向钻井工具。
背景技术
伴随着石油工业的发展，在油气田开发过程中越来越多的出现深井、超深井、大位移井等对钻井井眼轨迹有非常高要求的情况。针对这种需求，目前普遍采用旋转导向钻井工具进行定向钻井，尤其是采用柔性轴作用力形变改变钻头方向的旋转导向钻井工具，由于其井眼平滑、规则，更加有利于提高钻井质量、保证钻井安全，具有更广的适用范围和应用前景。
如图1所示，为现有技术钻井工具结构示意图，包括钻头1、偏置控制机构4、外套筒6、中心轴8、第一扶正轴承23、第二扶正轴承24、柔性短节25、支点扶正器26、电连接线54、偏置控制机构驱动电路55、控制电路56、侧推活塞容置空间61、侧推活塞62、侧推推靠件63、能量接收端71、能量输出端72、插接件73、供电电路81、调制解调器82、姿态测量电路83。其中侧推活塞容置空间61、侧推活塞62以及偏置控制机构4构成了导向短节，通过产生侧向推力实现导向，该导向可为动态推靠式旋转导向、动态混合式旋转导向、静态推靠式旋转导向、静态混合式旋转导向，即不限制旋转导向的类型，既可以是通过外套筒6实现导向的静态偏置旋转导向也可以是动态偏置旋转导向。在现有技术中，柔性短节的挠性形变应力点位于支点扶正器26后方位置，柔性短节即柔性变形段b相对较短且远离钻井工具端部钻头，当需要改变a段导向时，需要使用较大的作用力。
现有技术使用旋转导向钻井工具的过程中，需要通过偏置控制机构4以支点扶正器26为支点对柔性短节施加作用力产生合适的侧推力，使柔性短节受力矩影响产生形变进而允许钻头1朝向导向方向偏离井眼的中心线；由于在钻头1偏转的同时还要保持钻头1旋转掘进。由于支点扶正器26与钻头1间需要保持较强的刚度和适当的距离，因此，现有技术中支点扶正器26设置于柔性短节前方。这就造成柔性短节设置位置过于靠后，故必须在导向短节上施加较大的反力，才可使旋转导向达到工程需求的造斜率。即在柔性短节形变过程中实际起作用的力臂距离为偏置控制机构4的施力点至支点扶正器的距离。对于柔性短节一般采用金属制作，想要其产生足够的形变以使导向短节偏转希望的角度达到合格的造斜率，往往需要非常大的作用力施加才能产生足够力矩，而力臂距离的限制进一步加重了对旋转导向侧推力的 需求；同时为了钻井工具整体稳定性及安全性的考虑，不能随意通过加长柔性短节长度，只能依靠偏置控制机构4输出更强作用力实现需要的效果，一方面使工具在软地层钻进过程中破坏井壁，另一方面造成偏置控制机构故障率上升，降低了工具整体可靠性。
发明内容
为解决现有技术的不足，本发明提出一种带有自适应支撑结构的旋转导向钻井工具。
本发明所采用的技术方案包括：
一种带有自适应支撑结构的旋转导向钻井工具，其特征在于包括导向短节、偏置控制机构、偏置控制机构驱动电路、姿态测量电路和自适应支撑结构；
所述导向短节包括侧推装置、钻头，钻头设置在所述导向短节前部；
所述自适应支撑结构包括柔性轴、扶正套筒和支点扶正器；所述扶正套筒前部与柔性轴前部连接，所述柔性轴前端与所述扶正套筒的连接部采用同轴连接的方式，所述柔性轴沿其轴线做自旋转运动时在导向短节侧推装置向外的推力作用下发生挠曲形变同时柔性轴前部随扶正套筒前部以支点扶正器为支点发生偏转；
所述侧推装置包括侧推活塞容置空间和侧推活塞，所述侧推装置设置在扶正套筒前端面之前，所述侧推装置在偏置控制机构的驱动下为导向短节施加垂直于其轴线的作用力；所述导向短节连接于柔性轴前部，所述导向短节以扶正器为支点发生偏转；
所述扶正套筒与柔性轴间设置有环形形变空间，所述环形形变空间的前端终止于导向短节与扶正套筒前部的交接面。
所述扶正套筒、导向短节本体、柔性轴之间的连接可采用螺纹连接、焊接、一体化机加工制造、3D打印一体制造等任意方式实现固定连接；支点扶正器和扶正套筒的连接也可采用螺纹连接、焊接、一体化机加工制造、3D打印一体制造等任意方式实现固定连接。
优选的所述扶正套筒与柔性轴间所形成的环形形变空间由所述环形形变空间与柔性轴相接触的受力位置起，由前向后渐变扩大形成圆锥形环形形变空间，所述环形形变空间与柔性轴相接触的受力位置至少位于支点扶正器最前端的前方。
优选的，所述导向短节后部设置有用于将所述扶正套筒与导向短节后部固定连接的扶正套筒安装位；所述固定连接包括螺纹连接、花键连接、销钉连接中的一种或多种组合；所述扶正套筒的内直径大于柔性轴根部以后位置任意区段的外直径。
优选的，所述环形形变空间的轴向长度e至少为钻头下端面至第一支点扶正器距离f的30％。
进一步优选的，所述扶正套筒后部内径与扶正套筒后部对应位置柔性轴外径的间隙小于 或等于柔性轴在弹性形变范围内发生挠曲形变产生的位移，或，所述扶正套筒后部内径与对应位置柔性轴外径相减所得直径差为1至30毫米。
优选的，所述导向短节为静态偏置导向短节，所述导向短节包括外套筒和中心轴，钻头设置在所述中心轴前部顶端，中心轴穿设于外套同内部用于连接钻头并传递钻井动力；
所述偏置控制机构和侧推装置均设置与外套筒的筒壁中，且随外套同设置于扶正套筒前端面之前，所述偏置控制机构为液压系统，侧推装置包括侧推活塞、侧推活塞容置空间，通过活塞推动推靠件抵推井壁产生造斜效果；所述液压系统依靠能量传输件供应电力，所述能量传输件包括设置在外套筒上的能量接收端以及设置在扶正套筒上并随扶正套筒同步转动的能量输出端；所述能量接收端与所述能量输出端之间为接触式滑动摩擦电传输连接，或，所述能量接收端与所述能量输出端之间采用非接触式耦合感应电能传输。
优选的，所述扶正套筒后部与柔性轴间设置有用于阻止环空中的岩屑流入扶正套筒与柔性轴间环形空间的密封件。
进一步优选的，所述密封件为密封管；所述密封管与柔性轴和扶正套筒间均采用弧面接触，且所述密封管与柔性轴和扶正套筒间能够发生偏转。
优选的，所述柔性轴侧壁中设置有用于实现导向短节与后方钻柱内其他电路电连接的超深孔。
优选的，所述自适应支撑结构中的柔性轴外直径不低于钻头直径的40％，用于为钻头传输扭矩和钻压，并承担弯矩。
优选的，所述偏转控制机构包括电动机、转阀转子、转阀阀座，所述电动机能驱动转阀转子相对转阀阀座旋转，能将钻井工具内部的高压钻井循环介质周期性分配给侧推装置，推靠井壁实现导向的目的。
优选的，铰接套筒通过万向节铰接设置于导向短节前部，所述钻头设置于铰接套筒下方，所述铰接套筒外侧设置有推靠件，所述侧推活塞通过铰接套筒和推靠件将推力传递至井壁。需要说明的是，所述推靠件一般为扶正器。
优选的，所述柔性轴后部设置有第二支点扶正器，或，所述柔性轴上方其他钻柱外侧设置有第二支点扶正器，第二支点扶正器至支点扶正器的距离g小于钻头下端面至第一支点扶正器距离f的300％。
优选的，所述偏置控制机构驱动电路和/或导向控制电路设置于柔性轴内部或柔性轴上方。
优选的，所述第二姿态测量电路设置于柔性轴内部或柔性轴上方，所述第二姿态测量电路至少包括沿径向设置的加速度计和/或磁力计，用于测量重力工具面角或通过磁工具面角反演重力工具面角。
本发明的有益效果为：
采用本发明带有自适应支撑结构的旋转导向钻井工具，通过增加由扶正套筒、支点扶正器、柔性轴构成的自适应支撑结构，延伸了扶正器与钻头的距离，在扶正套筒内穿设柔性轴的方法将柔性轴的挠性形变应力点由原本的扶正器后方位置后移至扶正器前部，在不需要明显延长钻井工具整体长度、不需要缩小柔性短节的直径和长度的前提下增大了旋转导向系统的柔性，将旋转导向系统的可变形区段向下延伸，从而减小了钻井工具导向过程中所需要的推力或者在同等推力条件下增加了旋转导向系统的造斜力，降低了钻井工具使用维护成本和改善了钻井工具整体可靠性；可根据实际需要设置扶正器至井底的距离，实现灵活的配置方式，能够适应多种类型的钻井工具设计，并兼容多种不同的钻井工具偏置控制机构。
通过添加扶正套筒和在扶正套筒内部穿设柔性轴的方法将原本设置于柔性节前部的支点扶正器设置于扶正套筒外侧，扶正套筒的前部与导向短节的后部同轴连接，导向节的后部通过所述柔性轴与后方钻柱连接，使支点扶正器与导向短节之间直接连接变为经扶正套筒的间接连接，为体现更好的效果，可保留现有技术中的柔性短节，即所述柔性轴后方通过柔性短节进一步的连接后方钻柱。本发明中把柔性轴穿越设置于扶正套筒内部，并与扶正套筒形成环形形变空间的可变形短节。在不对柔性节做明显加长的基础上增加柔性轴形变过程中的力臂距离，进而减小了偏置控制机构的工作压力，提升工具使用稳定性和地层适应性。
对于优选方案而言，将所述偏置控制机构驱动电路设置于柔性轴内部或柔性轴上方，可以更大限度的减小了导向短节的长度，能够更好的发挥柔性节的作用，更大幅度的减小导向短节后方的钻柱对导向短节的阻碍，使得侧推装置能够以更小的力推动导向短节发生偏转。此外，将所述偏置控制机构驱动电路设置于柔性轴后方，可以充分的减少振动对电路的损害。
附图说明
图1为现有技术钻井工具结构示意图；
图2为本发明实施例1结构示意图；
图3为本发明实施例2结构示意图；
图4为本发明实施例2密封管局部结构示意图；
图5为本发明实施例3结构示意图；
图6为本发明实施例3改进结构示意图。
附图编号说明：
1钻头、2柔性轴、4偏置控制机构、41电动机、42转阀转子、43转阀阀座、44旋转变压器、5扶正套筒安装位、6外套筒、7密封管、8中心轴、23第一扶正轴承、24第二扶正轴承、25柔性短节、26支点扶正器、29扶正套筒、54电连接线、55偏置控制机构驱动电路、56控制电路、61侧推活塞容置空间、62侧推活塞、63侧推推靠件、71能量接收端、72能量输出端、73插接件、81供电电路、82调制解调器、83姿态测量电路、84第二姿态测量电路。
具体实施方式
为了更清楚的理解本发明的内容，将结合附图和实施例详细说明。
实施例1
如图2所示为本发明钻井工具实施例1结构示意图，除部分图1中结构外，还包括柔性轴2、扶正套筒29；所述扶正套筒29前部与柔性轴2前部固定连接，柔性轴2沿其轴线做自旋转运动的同时在导向短节的偏置作用下发生挠曲，使柔性轴2前部以支点扶正器26为支点发生偏转，柔性轴2侧壁中设置有超深孔，用于实现旋转导向短节与后方钻柱内其他电路的电连接；所述偏置控制机构4设置在扶正套筒29前端面之前，为导向短节施加垂直于其轴线的作用力；导向短节以支点扶正器26为支点发生偏转。所述导向短节前部顶端设置有突出外套筒的钻头1；所述扶正套筒29与柔性轴间设置有环形形变空间，所述环形形变空间的前端终止于导向短节与扶正套筒29前部的交接。需要说明的是，本发明中使柔性轴2插入套筒并在套筒内发生变形的设计，使得柔性变形段b大幅度的向钻头1靠近，因此可以在同等推力条件下可以提高造斜率或者在同等造斜需求的条件下，将所必须的推力降至最低。
实施例2
如图3和图4所示为本发明钻井工具实施例2结构示意图，在实施例1的基础上，添加了扶正套筒29后部与柔性轴2间设置的密封管7，所述密封管7用于阻止环空中的岩屑流入扶正套筒29与柔性轴2间的环形空间。所述密封管7与柔性轴2和扶正套筒29间均采用弧面接触，允许所述密封管7与柔性轴2和扶正套筒29间发生偏转。需要说明的是，所述密封管7还可以替换为密封用皮囊或其他密封件，所述密封件主要指密封岩屑类的污物，对是否需要进行流体密封不做要求。在具体实施过程中，所述扶正套筒29和柔性轴2间的环形形变空间中即可以充填油类也可放任钻井液通流入。所述密封件的目的仅仅在于防止岩屑类污物填充所述环形形变空间，导致柔性节形变受阻。
所述扶正套筒29与柔性轴2间所形成的环形形变空间截面积由所述环形形变空间与柔性轴2相接触的受力位置起，由前向后渐变扩大形成圆锥形环形形变空间，所述环形形变空间与柔性轴相接触的受力位置至少位于支点扶正器26最前端的前方。需要说明的是，由于旋转 导向造斜时，所述柔性轴2的根部所受到的应力最大，所述锥形的环形形变空间仅仅存在于接近柔性轴2的根部，即如图3所示c位置，其主要作用是为了预防柔性轴2根部的应力集中。
所述导向短节后部设置有扶正套筒安装位5，用于使所述扶正套筒与导向短节后部固定连接。所述固定连接方式可以是通过螺纹连接、花键连接、销钉连接中的一种或多种组合。需要说明的是，所述扶正套筒的内直径需要大于柔性轴2根部以后位置任意区段的外直径，以保证所述扶正套筒29可顺利套在柔性轴2外侧。另外需要说明的是，本发明中，导向短节指的是具体安装偏置机构的区段，所述导向短节连接于柔性轴2前方。因此，在本发明中，所述柔性轴前方与导向短节后方为同一概念。
所述扶正套筒29后部内径与对应位置柔性轴2外径相减所得直径差为1至30毫米。
所述扶正套筒29后端部内径与扶正套筒29后端部对应位置柔性轴2外径的间隙小于或等于柔性轴2在弹性形变范围内发生挠曲产生的位移。需要说明的是，旋转导向正常造斜工作时，柔性轴2挠性变形所发生的位移均小于所述扶正套筒29与柔性轴2间对应位置处的环形空间间隙距离，为了防止工具振动或其他极限状态下，柔性轴2发生断裂。所述环形空间间隙不大于柔性轴2发生屈服所产生的位移。
所述钻井工具为静态偏置旋转导向，所述静态偏执旋转导向包括外套筒6和中心轴8，所述偏置控制机构和推靠件设置于外套筒6的筒壁上，所述偏置控制机构为液压系统，通过活塞推动推靠件抵推井壁产生造斜效果。所述液压系统依靠能量传输件供应电力，所述能量传输件包括设置在外套筒上的能量接收端71以及设置在扶正套筒29上并随扶正套筒同步转动的能量输出端72；所述能量接收端71与所述能量输出端72之间为接触式滑动摩擦电传输连接，或，所述能量接收端71与所述能量输出端72之间采用非接触式耦合感应电能传输。
实施例3
如图5、图6所示，本发明所采用的技术方案包括：一种带有自适应支撑结构的旋转导向钻井工具，其特征在于包括导向短节、偏置控制机构、偏置控制机构驱动电路、姿态测量电路和自适应支撑结构；
所述导向短节包括侧推装置、钻头1，钻头设置在所述导向短节前部；
所述自适应支撑结构包括柔性轴2、扶正套筒6和支点扶正器26；所述扶正套筒前部与柔性轴前部连接，所述柔性轴前端与所述扶正套筒的连接部采用同轴连接的方式，所述柔性轴沿其轴线做自旋转运动时在导向短节侧推装置向外的推力作用下发生挠曲形变同时柔性轴前部随扶正套筒前部以支点扶正器为支点发生偏转；
所述侧推装置包括侧推活塞容置空间61和侧推活塞62，所述侧推装置设置在扶正套筒前端面之前，所述侧推装置在偏置控制机构的驱动下为导向短节施加垂直于其轴线的作用力；所述导向短节连接于柔性轴前部，所述导向短节以支点扶正器26为支点发生偏转；所述侧推活塞62可直接推靠井壁或通过其他零部件将推靠力传递给井壁。
所述扶正套筒6与柔性轴间设置有环形形变空间，所述环形形变空间的前端终止于导向短节与扶正套筒前部的交接面。
所述扶正套筒与柔性轴间所形成的环形形变空间由所述环形形变空间与柔性轴相接触的受力位置起，由前向后渐变扩大形成圆锥形环形形变空间，所述环形形变空间与柔性轴相接触的受力位置至少位于支点扶正器最前端的前方。
所述柔性轴侧壁中设置有用于实现导向短节与后方钻柱内其他电路电连接的超深孔，所述孔中穿设有电连接线54，所述电连接线用于实现电动机41和偏置控制机构驱动电路55之间的电力和/或通讯连接，使偏置控制机构驱动电路55可以控制电动机旋转。所述偏转控制机构包括电动机41、旋转变压器44、转阀转子42、转阀阀座43，所述电动机能驱动转阀转子42相对转阀阀座43旋转，能将钻井工具内部的高压钻井循环介质周期性分配给侧推装置，推靠井壁实现导向的目的。转阀阀座43与导向短节本体固定连接，转阀阀座43设置有多个分别与侧推活塞容置空间61一一对应的阀位，所述阀位通过流道与其对应的侧推活塞容置空间61连通，电动机41与导向短节本体固定连接，电动机驱动轴输出端与转阀转子42相互耦接，能驱动转阀转子42相对转阀阀座43旋转，能够使侧推活塞容置空间61周期性的与钻井工具内部的水眼连通，获得高压钻井液，以使驱动侧推活塞62周期性产生推力。
控制电路56中存储有预设导向方向，能通过偏置控制机构驱动电路55控制电机沿着与钻井工具相反的方向旋转，控制驱动侧推活塞62朝向导向方向的反方向推靠井壁，其具体控制方法并非本发明的创新点，此处不再赘述。所述控制电路56和偏置控制机构驱动电路55可以用一块PCB板实现或分两块PCB板制作实现。预设导向方向的预设方式可以是工具下井前预设或钻井过程中通过泥浆的压力变化或者流量变化下传信号进行预设；来自于钻柱水眼中的钻井液经过经喷嘴或节流结构时，会产生压降，压降即为侧推活塞62的工作压差，其产生压差的具体过程和原理为本领域常识，此处不在赘述。所述周期性联通指所述贯通流道与所述驱动液压缸的联通性随所述钻井工具的旋转而周期改变，以保证处于特定扇区的侧推活塞62得到液压力。所述相互耦接是指能保证驱动电机转子和转阀转子同步旋转的连接方式，包括但不限于插接。
所述偏置控制机构驱动电路和导向控制电路均设置于密封承压仓内，所述密封承压仓设置于柔性轴上方的钻铤内部。
所述第二姿态测量电路设置于柔性轴内部或柔性轴上方，所述第二姿态测量电路至少包括沿径向设置的加速度计和磁力计，用于测量重力工具面角或通过磁工具面角反演重力工具面角。
所述柔性轴后部设置有第二支点扶正器27，或，所述柔性轴上方其他钻柱外侧设置有第二支点扶正器27。
图6和图5的区别在于，图6所述的实施例是图5所示实施例的一种提升，还包括铰接套筒3和万向节32，铰接套筒通过万向节32铰接设置于导向短节前部，所述钻头1与铰接套筒3同轴设置，且所述钻头1设置铰接套筒下端，所述万向节32负责传递钻压和扭矩，所述铰接套筒外侧设置有推靠件63，所述推靠件是与铰接套筒一体化制作的扶正器，所述侧推活塞62通过铰接套筒3和推靠件63将推力传递至井壁。
以上所述实施例在具体实施过程中均可以对应圆筒形环形形变空间或圆锥形环形形变空间。当采用圆锥形环形形变空间方案时，环形形变空间与柔性轴之间的接触受力位置优选为曲面接触而非点接触，所述曲面接触的具体曲面弧度设计为匹配柔性轴受力发生挠性形变时产生的弯曲弧度，以尽可能增加受力面积，减少柔性轴受力形变时的局部压强过大。
本专利不限制旋转导向的类型，无论是通过外套筒实现导向的静态偏置旋转导向还是没有外套筒的动态偏置旋转导向，均在本专利的保护范围；
使用本发明所述钻井工具进行钻井作业时，工作过程中所需的扭矩与弯矩由柔性轴传导，所需的钻压由柔性轴和/或带有止推结构的扶正套筒、外套筒经自旋扭转连接机构传导。应注意的是，本发明所要求保护的技术创新在于钻井工具内环形形变空间的结构形成及其作用，对于钻井工具工作状态中扭矩、弯矩与钻压的传导方式以及相对应的钻井工具结构改变不影响本发明所要求保护的技术方案，不应以此限定本发明的保护范围。
以上所述仅为本发明较佳的具体实施方式，但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到的变化或替换等都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。因此，本发明的保护范围应该以权利要求书的保护范围为准。

Claims (15)

  1. 一种带有自适应支撑结构的旋转导向钻井工具，其特征在于包括导向短节、偏置控制机构、偏置控制机构驱动电路、姿态测量电路和自适应支撑结构；
    所述导向短节包括侧推装置、钻头，钻头设置在所述导向短节前部；
    所述自适应支撑结构包括柔性轴、扶正套筒和支点扶正器；所述扶正套筒前部与柔性轴前部连接，所述柔性轴前端与所述扶正套筒的连接部采用同轴连接的方式，所述柔性轴沿其轴线做自旋转运动时在导向短节侧推装置向外的推力作用下发生挠曲形变同时柔性轴前部随扶正套筒前部以支点扶正器为支点发生偏转；
    所述侧推装置包括侧推活塞容置空间和侧推活塞，所述侧推装置设置在扶正套筒前端面之前，所述偏置控制机构为导向短节施加垂直于其轴线的作用力；所述导向短节连接于柔性轴前部，所述导向短节以扶正器为支点发生偏转；
    所述扶正套筒与柔性轴间设置有环形形变空间，所述环形形变空间的前端终止于导向短节与扶正套筒前部的交接面。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的钻井工具，其特征在于，所述扶正套筒与柔性轴间所形成的环形形变空间由所述环形形变空间与柔性轴相接触的受力位置起，由前向后渐变扩大形成圆锥形环形形变空间，所述环形形变空间与柔性轴相接触的受力位置至少位于支点扶正器最前端的前方。
  3. 如权利要求1或2所述的钻井工具，其特征在于，所述导向短节后部设置有用于将所述扶正套筒与导向短节后部固定连接的扶正套筒安装位；所述固定连接包括螺纹连接、花键连接、销钉连接中的一种或多种组合；所述扶正套筒的内直径大于柔性轴根部以后位置任意区段的外直径。
  4. 如权利要求1或2所述的钻井工具，其特征在于，所述环形形变空间的轴向长度至少为钻头下端面至第一支点扶正器距离的30％。
  5. 如权利要求1或4所述的钻井工具，其特征在于，所述扶正套筒后部内径与扶正套筒后部对应位置柔性轴外径的间隙小于或等于柔性轴在弹性形变范围内发生挠曲形变产生的位移，或，所述扶正套筒后部内径与对应位置柔性轴外径相减所得直径差为1至30毫米。
  6. 如权利要求1或2所述的钻井工具，其特征在于，所述导向短节为静态偏置导向短节，所述导向短节包括外套筒和中心轴，钻头设置在所述中心轴前部顶端，中心轴穿设于外套同内部用于连接钻头并传递钻井动力；
    所述偏置控制机构和侧推装置均设置与外套筒的筒壁中，且随外套同设置于扶正套筒前端面之前，所述偏置控制机构为液压系统，侧推装置包括侧推活塞、侧推活塞容置空间，通过活塞推动推靠件抵推井壁产生造斜效果；所述液压系统依靠能量传输件供应电力，所述能 量传输件包括设置在外套筒上的能量接收端以及设置在扶正套筒上并随扶正套筒同步转动的能量输出端；所述能量接收端与所述能量输出端之间为接触式滑动摩擦电传输连接，或，所述能量接收端与所述能量输出端之间采用非接触式耦合感应电能传输。
  7. 如权利要求1或2所述的钻井工具，其特征在于，所述扶正套筒后部与柔性轴间设置有用于阻止环空中的岩屑流入扶正套筒与柔性轴间环形空间的密封件。
  8. 如权利要求7所述的钻井工具，其特征在于，所述密封件为密封管；所述密封管与柔性轴和扶正套筒间均采用弧面接触，且所述密封管与柔性轴和扶正套筒间能够发生偏转。
  9. 如权利要求1或2所述的钻井工具，其特征在于，所述柔性轴侧壁中设置有用于实现导向短节与后方钻柱内其他电路电连接的超深孔。
  10. 如权利要求1或2所述的钻井工具，其特征在于，所述自适应支撑结构中的柔性轴外直径不低于钻头直径的40％，用于为钻头传输扭矩和钻压，并承担弯矩。
  11. 如权利要求1所述的钻井工具，其特征在于，所述偏转控制机构包括电动机、转阀转子、转阀阀座，所述电动机能驱动转阀转子相对转阀阀座旋转，能将钻井工具内部的高压钻井循环介质周期性分配给侧推装置，推靠井壁实现导向的目的。
  12. 如权利要求1所述的钻井工具，其特征在于，铰接套筒通过万向节铰接设置于导向短节前部，所述钻头设置于铰接套筒前部，所述铰接套筒外侧设置有推靠件，所述侧推活塞通过铰接套筒和推靠件将推力传递至井壁。
  13. 如权利要求1所述的钻井工具，其特征在于，所述柔性轴后部设置有第二支点扶正器27，或，所述柔性轴上方其他钻柱外侧设置有第二支点扶正器27。
  14. 如权利要求1、11或12任一所述的钻井工具，其特征在于，所述偏置控制机构驱动电路和/或导向控制电路设置于柔性轴内部或柔性轴上方；当所述偏置控制机构驱动电路设置于柔性轴上方时所述偏置控制机构驱动电路通过电连接线与电动机电连接，所述电连接线设置于柔性轴内部或柔性轴的管壁中。
  15. 如权利要求1、11或12任一所述的钻井工具，其特征在于，所述第一姿态测量电路设置于导向短节中，所述第二姿态测量电路设置于柔性轴内部或柔性轴上方，所述第二姿态测量电路至少包括沿径向设置的加速度计和/或磁力计，用于测量重力工具面角或通过磁工具面角反演重力工具面角，所述控制电路通过电连接线与所述第一姿态测量电路电连接。
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