WO2022042264A1 - 一种切换接入点的方法、装置及系统 - Google Patents

一种切换接入点的方法、装置及系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022042264A1
WO2022042264A1 PCT/CN2021/111279 CN2021111279W WO2022042264A1 WO 2022042264 A1 WO2022042264 A1 WO 2022042264A1 CN 2021111279 W CN2021111279 W CN 2021111279W WO 2022042264 A1 WO2022042264 A1 WO 2022042264A1
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Prior art keywords
uplink
access point
electronic device
message
frame
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PCT/CN2021/111279
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
梁乾灯
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华为技术有限公司
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Publication of WO2022042264A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022042264A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W36/00—Hand-off or reselection arrangements
    • H04W36/08—Reselecting an access point
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W28/00—Network traffic management; Network resource management
    • H04W28/02—Traffic management, e.g. flow control or congestion control
    • H04W28/0289—Congestion control
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W28/00—Network traffic management; Network resource management
    • H04W28/02—Traffic management, e.g. flow control or congestion control
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W36/00—Hand-off or reselection arrangements
    • H04W36/16—Performing reselection for specific purposes
    • H04W36/22—Performing reselection for specific purposes for handling the traffic
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W36/00—Hand-off or reselection arrangements
    • H04W36/24—Reselection being triggered by specific parameters
    • H04W36/30—Reselection being triggered by specific parameters by measured or perceived connection quality data
    • H04W36/304—Reselection being triggered by specific parameters by measured or perceived connection quality data due to measured or perceived resources with higher communication quality

Definitions

  • the embodiments of the present application relate to the field of communications technologies, and in particular, to a method, an apparatus, and a system for switching an access point.
  • WLAN wireless local area networks
  • Wi-Fi Wireless fidelity
  • IEEE802.11X Standard The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) promulgates various industry specifications related to wireless networking, many of which are specified under the name "IEEE802.11X Standard".
  • IEEE802.11X standard defines a set of media access control (MAC) layers and The specification of the physical (PHY) layer allows frequency bands, channels, carriers, etc. to be adjusted and scheduled more intelligently and dynamically, thereby improving the operation and management efficiency of Wireless-Fidelity (Wi-Fi).
  • MAC media access control
  • PHY physical
  • the station can access the network through the access point (AP).
  • the factors that degrade the station's Internet experience are positioned as: poor air interface signal (such as weak signal strength, interference verification, etc.), so the AP will uplink the chain.
  • the connected (UP)/disconnected (down) state of the channel (for example, the physical WAN interface is down, or the thin AP and the AC are disconnected) is associated with the air interface state. For example, when the uplink of the AP is in the down state, the air interface is closed, the station access is prohibited, and the station that has access to the AP is forced to switch to other APs. When the uplink of the AP is in the up state, the air interface is enabled.
  • the uplink of the AP When the uplink of the AP is in the down state, it means that the uplink of the AP is faulty, so it is necessary to prohibit the station from connecting to the AP. Therefore, the above solution can solve the problem that the uplink is completely unavailable when the uplink fails. experience problems.
  • poor air interface signal is not the only factor that leads to poor station Internet access experience. For example, if the air interface signal quality is greater than or equal to the preset air interface quality, there will still be a problem of poor station Internet access experience. In this case, it is an urgent problem to be solved if the decision-making station quickly switches to access a neighboring AP.
  • Embodiments of the present application provide a method, apparatus, and system for switching access points, so as to enable an electronic device to perceive the congestion level of the uplink of the access point to which it accesses, so as to preferentially select an access point with excellent uplink quality. In point to switch to restore the Internet experience.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a method for switching an access point.
  • the method provided by the embodiment of the present application includes: a first electronic device receives a first message including a first information element from a first access point.
  • the first information element is used to indicate the state of the first uplink of the first access point, and the state of the first uplink includes the congestion level when the first uplink is in a normal state, or an abnormal state, and the first electronic device Access the first access point.
  • the first electronic device has the capability of processing the uplink measurement report of the access point, and the first access point has the capability of measuring the uplink.
  • the first electronic device determines that the congestion level of the first uplink is greater than or equal to the first preset congestion level, or that the state of the first uplink is an abnormal state.
  • the first electronic device preferentially switches from the first access point to the second access point.
  • the state of the second uplink of the second access point is at least better than the state of the first uplink, the first access point and the second access point have the same first service set identifier, the first electronic device
  • the network is accessed through the first service set identification.
  • An embodiment of the present application provides a method for switching an access point.
  • the first electronic device may acquire, from the first access point, a first information element for determining the state of the first uplink, where the state of the first uplink is used to reflect whether the first uplink is in a normal state or abnormal state, and the congestion level in normal state. Therefore, the first electronic device can learn the congestion level or abnormal state of the uplink of the first access point in time.
  • the first electronic device may preferentially switch to an uplink state that is at least better than that of the first uplink In the second access point in the state of the road, problems such as network freezes are avoided, and the user's Internet experience is guaranteed.
  • the first electronic device determines that the congestion level of the first uplink is greater than or equal to the first preset congestion level, and the first electronic device may also choose to continue to access the first access point.
  • the first electronic device also needs to establish a communication link with the second access point, resulting in the first electronic device and the second access point fail to establish a communication link within the time period when the first electronic device fails to establish a communication link.
  • the network cannot be accessed, so although the uplink is congested, the access point switching is not performed to ensure the continuity of the first electronic device using the first access point to access the network.
  • the first information element includes a first field.
  • the first field is used to indicate the state of the first uplink.
  • the state of the second uplink is a normal state; or, the congestion level of the second uplink is lower than the congestion level of the first uplink.
  • the congestion level of the second uplink is the same as the congestion level of the first uplink, but the air interface signal quality of the second access point is higher than the air interface signal quality of the first access point. In this way, it can be ensured that the first electronic device is connected to the access point with excellent uplink quality, thereby ensuring the experience of the first electronic device accessing the network.
  • the provided method also includes the first electronic device receiving a second message from each of the plurality of access points.
  • the second message includes a second field, where the second field is used to indicate the status of the uplink of the access point, and the status of the uplink of any one of the access points includes that the uplink of any one of the access points is in a normal state
  • the first electronic device preferentially selects to access the first access point according to the second message.
  • the first electronic device may, by receiving the second message of each access point, enable the first electronic device to preferentially select an access point with excellent uplink quality when selecting an access point.
  • access point for example, the first access point
  • the first electronic device preferentially selects access to the first access point according to the second message, including: the first electronic device determines that the user instructs to access a third access point among the multiple access points point.
  • the first electronic device sends prompt information, or the first electronic device The electronic device selects to access the first access point.
  • the prompt information it is convenient for the user to know the status of the uplink of the third access point, so that the user can refer to the prompt information provided by the first electronic device when selecting the access point.
  • the second message includes a beacon frame or a probe response frame
  • the second field is located in the beacon frame or the probe response frame.
  • the beacon frame or the probe response frame includes the first information element, and the second field is located in the first information element.
  • the method provided in this embodiment of the present application further includes: the first electronic device receives a third message from the first access point message, the third message carries a third field, and the third field indicates that the first access point has the ability to measure the uplink. This facilitates the first electronic device to determine that the first access point has the capability to measure the uplink.
  • the third message includes the first frame, and the third field is located in the first frame.
  • the first frame includes one or more of the following: a beacon frame, a probe response frame, and an association response frame.
  • the first frame has the second information element, for example, the beacon frame, the probe response frame and the association response frame have the second element information.
  • the third field is located in the second element information.
  • the method before the first electronic device receives the first message from the first access point, in the method provided by the embodiment of the present application, the method further includes: the first electronic device sends a fourth message to the first access point.
  • the fourth message includes a fourth field, and the fourth field is used to indicate that the first electronic device has the capability of processing the uplink measurement report of the access point.
  • the fourth message includes a second element frame, the fourth field is located in the second element frame, and the second element frame includes one of a probe request frame and an association response frame or multiple.
  • the probe request frame and the association response frame have a third information element, and the fourth field is located in the representation of the third information element.
  • the method provided in this embodiment of the present application further includes: the first electronic device sends a fifth message to the first access point message, the fifth message is used to request the status of the first uplink.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a method for switching an access point, including: a first access point detects a packet loss rate of a first uplink of the first access point, and the first access point has the ability to measure the uplink capacity of the link. The first access point determines the congestion level of the first uplink according to the packet loss rate of the uplink of the first access point. The first access point sends a first message including the first information element to the first electronic device.
  • the first information element is used to indicate the state of the first uplink of the first access point, where the state of the first uplink includes a congestion level when the first uplink is in a normal state, or an abnormal state,
  • the first electronic device accesses the first access point, and the first electronic device is capable of processing uplink measurement reports of the access point.
  • the first information element includes a first field, where the first field is used to indicate the state of the first uplink.
  • the method provided by the embodiment of the present application further includes: : The first access point sends a third message carrying a third field to the first electronic device.
  • the third field indicates that the first access point has the capability to measure the first uplink.
  • the third message includes a first frame, the third field is located in the first frame, and the first frame includes one or more of the following: a beacon frame, a probe response frame, and an association response frame.
  • the method provided by the embodiment of the present application further includes: : The first access point receives a fourth message including a fourth field from the first electronic device, where the fourth field is used to indicate that the first electronic device has the capability to handle the uplink of the first access point.
  • the fourth message includes a second element frame, the fourth field is located in the second element frame, and the second element frame includes one or more of a probe request frame and an association request frame.
  • the method provided by the embodiment of the present application further includes: : The first access point receives a fifth message from the first electronic device, where the fifth message is used to request the status of the uplink of the first access point.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a communication device, which can implement the first aspect or the method in any possible implementation manner of the first aspect, and thus can also implement the first aspect or any possible implementation manner of the first aspect.
  • the communication apparatus may be a first electronic device, or may be a device that supports the first electronic device to implement the method in the first aspect or any possible implementation manner of the first aspect, such as a chip applied to the first electronic device.
  • the communication device may implement the above method through software, hardware, or through hardware executing corresponding software.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a communication device
  • the communication device may be a first electronic device, or a chip applied in the first electronic device
  • the communication device includes: a communication unit for receiving data from a first electronic device.
  • the first information element is used to indicate the state of the first uplink of the first access point, and the state of the first uplink includes the congestion level when the first uplink is in a normal state, or an abnormal state, and the first electronic device Access the first access point.
  • the first electronic device has the capability of processing the uplink measurement report of the access point
  • the first access point has the capability of measuring the uplink.
  • a processing unit configured to determine that the congestion level of the first uplink is greater than or equal to the first preset congestion level, or that the state of the first uplink is an abnormal state.
  • the processing unit is further configured to preferentially switch from the first access point to the second access point.
  • the state of the second uplink of the second access point is at least better than the state of the first uplink, the first access point and the second access point have the same first service set identifier, the first electronic device
  • the network is accessed through the first service set identification.
  • the processing unit is further configured to determine that the congestion level of the first uplink is greater than or equal to the first preset congestion level, and select to continue to access the first access point.
  • the first information element includes a first field.
  • the first field is used to indicate the state of the first uplink.
  • the state of the second uplink is a normal state; or, the congestion level of the second uplink is lower than the congestion level of the first uplink.
  • the congestion level of the second uplink is the same as the congestion level of the first uplink, but the air interface signal quality of the second access point is higher than the air interface signal quality of the first access point. In this way, it can be ensured that the first electronic device is connected to the access point with excellent uplink quality, thereby ensuring the experience of the first electronic device accessing the network.
  • the communication unit is further configured to receive the first access point from each of the multiple access points.
  • the second message includes a second field, where the second field is used to indicate the status of the uplink of the access point, and the status of the uplink of any one of the access points includes that the uplink of any one of the access points is in a normal state The congestion level, or the abnormal state, when the multiple access points include the first access point.
  • the processing unit is further configured to preferentially select to access the first access point according to the second message.
  • the processing unit is configured to determine that the user instructs to access a third access point among the multiple access points.
  • the processing unit is configured to send prompt information (for example, processing The unit is configured to display prompt information on the display screen of the first electronic device), or, the processing unit is configured to select access to the first access point.
  • the second message includes a beacon frame or a probe response frame
  • the second field is located in the beacon frame or the probe response frame.
  • the beacon frame or the probe response frame includes the first information element, and the second field is located in the first information element.
  • the communication unit is further configured to receive a third message from the first access point, where the third message carries a third field, and the third field indicates that the first access point has a measurement uplink Ability.
  • the third message includes the first frame, and the third field is located in the first frame.
  • the first frame includes one or more of the following: a beacon frame, a probe response frame, and an association response frame.
  • the first frame has the second information element, for example, the beacon frame, the probe response frame and the association response frame have the second element information.
  • the third field is located in the second element information.
  • the communication unit is further configured to send a fourth message to the first access point, where the fourth message includes a fourth field, and the fourth field is used to indicate that the first electronic device has a processing access point. Ingress point's uplink measurement reporting capability.
  • the fourth message includes a second element frame, the fourth field is located in the second element frame, and the second element frame includes one or more of a probe request frame and an association response frame.
  • the probe request frame and the association response frame have a third information element, and the fourth field is located in the representation third information element.
  • the communication unit is further configured to send a fifth message to the first access point, where the fifth message is used to request the state of the first uplink.
  • the processing unit may be a processor, and the communication unit may be a communication interface.
  • the communication interface may be an input/output interface, a pin or a circuit, or the like.
  • the processing unit executes the instructions stored in the storage unit, so that the first electronic device implements the method for determining sidelink resources described in the first aspect or any possible implementation manner of the first aspect.
  • the storage unit may be a storage unit in the chip (eg, a register, a cache, etc.), or a storage unit (eg, a read-only memory, a random access memory, etc.) located outside the chip in the first electronic device .
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a communication device, which can implement the method in the second aspect or any possible implementation manner of the second aspect, and thus can also implement the second aspect or any possible implementation manner of the second aspect.
  • the communication device may be a first access point, or may be a device that supports the first access point to implement the method in the second aspect or any possible implementation manner of the second aspect, for example, a method applied to the first access point chip.
  • the communication device may implement the above method through software, hardware, or through hardware executing corresponding software.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a communication device.
  • the communication device may be a first access point or a chip applied in the first access point.
  • the communication device includes: a processing unit for detecting The packet loss rate of the first uplink of the first access point, where the first access point has the ability to measure the uplink.
  • the processing unit is further configured to determine the congestion level of the first uplink according to the packet loss rate of the uplink of the first access point.
  • the communication unit is further configured to send the first message including the first information element to the first electronic device.
  • the first information element is used to indicate the state of the first uplink of the first access point, and the state of the first uplink includes the congestion level when the first uplink is in a normal state, or an abnormal state, and the first electronic device Accessing the first access point, the first electronic device is capable of processing uplink measurement reports of the access point.
  • the first information element includes a first field, where the first field is used to indicate the state of the first uplink.
  • the communication unit is further configured to send a third message carrying the third field to the first electronic device.
  • the third field indicates that the first access point has the capability to measure the first uplink.
  • the third message includes a first frame, the third field is located in the first frame, and the first frame includes one or more of the following: a beacon frame, a probe response frame, and an association response frame.
  • the communication unit is further configured to receive a fourth message including a fourth field from the first electronic device, where the fourth field is used to indicate that the first electronic device has uplink processing of the first access point capacity of the link.
  • the fourth message includes a second element frame, the fourth field is located in the second element frame, and the second element frame includes one or more of a probe request frame and an association request frame.
  • the communication unit is further configured to receive a fifth message from the first electronic device, where the fifth message is used to request the status of the uplink of the first access point.
  • the processing unit may be a processor, and the communication unit may be a communication interface.
  • the communication interface may be an input/output interface, a pin or a circuit, or the like.
  • the processing unit executes the instructions stored in the storage unit, so that the first access point implements the method for switching access points described in the second aspect or any possible implementation manner of the second aspect.
  • the storage unit may be a storage unit in the chip (eg, a register, a cache, etc.), or a storage unit (eg, a read-only memory, a random access memory, etc.) located outside the chip in the first access point ).
  • embodiments of the present application provide a computer-readable storage medium, where a computer program or instruction is stored, and when the computer program or instruction is run on a computer, the computer executes the steps from the first aspect to the first aspect.
  • the computer may be the first electronic device.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a computer-readable storage medium, where a computer program or instruction is stored, and when the computer program or instruction is run on a computer, the computer executes the steps from the second aspect to the sixth aspect.
  • the computer may be the first access point.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a computer program product including instructions, which, when the instructions are run on a computer, cause the computer to execute a switching connection described in the first aspect or various possible implementations of the first aspect. method of entry.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a computer program product including instructions, which, when the instructions are run on a computer, cause the computer to execute a switching connection described in the second aspect or various possible implementations of the second aspect. method of entry.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a communication device for implementing various methods in various possible designs of any one of the foregoing first aspect to the second aspect.
  • the communication device may be the above-mentioned first electronic device, or a device including the above-mentioned first electronic device, or a component (eg, a chip) applied in the first electronic device.
  • the communication device may be the above-mentioned first access point, or a device including the above-mentioned first access point, or the communication device may be a component (eg, a chip) applied in the first access point.
  • the communication device includes corresponding modules and units for implementing the above method, and the modules and units may be implemented by hardware, software, or by executing corresponding software in hardware.
  • the hardware or software includes one or more modules or units corresponding to the above functions. It should be understood that the communication device described in the ninth aspect above may further include: a bus and a memory, where the memory is used to store codes and data. Optionally, the at least one processor communication interface and the memory are coupled to each other.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a communication apparatus, where the communication apparatus includes: at least one processor.
  • the communication apparatus includes: at least one processor.
  • at least one processor is coupled to a memory, and when the communication device is running, the processor executes computer-executed instructions or programs stored in the memory, so that the communication device executes the first aspect or any one of the first aspects.
  • the communication apparatus may be a first electronic device, or a chip applied in the first electronic device.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a communication device, where the communication device includes: at least one processor.
  • the communication device includes: at least one processor.
  • at least one processor is coupled to a memory, and when the communication device is running, the processor executes computer-executable instructions or programs stored in the memory, so that the communication device executes the second aspect or any one of the second aspects.
  • the communication device may be the second terminal, or a chip applied in the second terminal.
  • the memory described in any one of the tenth to eleventh aspects may also be replaced by a storage medium, which is not limited in this embodiment of the present application.
  • the communication apparatus described in any one of the tenth to eleventh aspects may further include a communication interface for receiving or sending information.
  • the memory described in any one of the tenth to eleventh aspects may be the memory inside the communication device, of course, the memory may also be located outside the communication device, but at least one processor still Computer-implemented instructions or programs stored in the memory can be executed.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a communication device, where the communication device includes one or more modules for implementing the method of any one of the first aspect and the second aspect, the one or more modules It may correspond to each step in the method of any one of the first aspect and the second aspect.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a chip system, where the chip system includes a processor, and the processor is configured to read and execute a computer program stored in a memory, so as to execute the first aspect and any possible implementation manner thereof.
  • the chip system may be a single chip, or a chip module composed of multiple chips.
  • the chip system further includes a memory, and the memory and the processor are connected to the memory through a circuit or a wire.
  • the chip system further includes a communication interface. The communication interface is used to communicate with other modules outside the chip.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a chip system, where the chip system includes a processor, and the processor is configured to read and execute a computer program stored in a memory, so as to execute the second aspect and any possible implementation manner thereof.
  • the chip system may be a single chip, or a chip module composed of multiple chips.
  • the chip system further includes a memory, and the memory and the processor are connected to the memory through a circuit or a wire.
  • the chip system further includes a communication interface. The communication interface is used to communicate with other modules outside the chip.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a communication system, where the communication system includes: a first electronic device and multiple access points, where the multiple access points include the first access point.
  • the first electronic device is configured to execute the method in the first aspect and any possible implementation manner thereof
  • the first access point is configured to execute the method in the second aspect and any possible implementation manner thereof.
  • any device or computer storage medium or computer program product or chip or communication system provided above is used to execute the corresponding method provided above. Therefore, the beneficial effect that can be achieved can refer to the corresponding provided above. The beneficial effects of the corresponding solutions in the method will not be repeated here.
  • FIG. 1 is an architecture diagram of a communication system provided by an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 2 is a structural diagram of an electronic device provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the architecture of a communication device according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic flowchart of switching an access point according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 5 is another schematic flowchart of switching an access point according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic flowchart of an access point according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 7 and FIG. 8 are schematic diagrams of an access scenario provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a communication device according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of another communication device provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of a chip according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • words such as “first” and “second” are used to distinguish the same or similar items with basically the same function and effect.
  • the first AP and the second AP are only used to distinguish different APs, and the order of the APs is not limited.
  • the words “first”, “second” and the like do not limit the quantity and execution order, and the words “first”, “second” and the like are not necessarily different.
  • the network architecture and service scenarios described in the embodiments of the present application are for the purpose of illustrating the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application more clearly, and do not constitute a limitation on the technical solutions provided by the embodiments of the present application.
  • the evolution of the architecture and the emergence of new business scenarios, the technical solutions provided in the embodiments of the present application are also applicable to similar technical problems.
  • At least one means one or more
  • plural means two or more.
  • And/or which describes the association relationship of the associated objects, indicates that there can be three kinds of relationships, for example, A and/or B, which can indicate: the existence of A alone, the existence of A and B at the same time, and the existence of B alone, where A, B can be singular or plural.
  • the character “/” generally indicates that the associated objects are an “or” relationship.
  • At least one item(s) below” or similar expressions thereof refer to any combination of these items, including any combination of single item(s) or plural items(s).
  • At least one item (a) of a, b, or c may represent: a, b, c, ab, ac, bc, or abc, where a, b, and c may be single or multiple .
  • association can have the same meaning.
  • Access point referred to as AP, commonly known as “hot spot” refers to an important part of wireless local area network (WLAN), which is used to provide wireless network coverage environment and equipment for electronic devices to access the network.
  • WLAN wireless local area network
  • the electronic device connects to the AP wirelessly to access the network.
  • Electronic devices can transmit data through the AP, and can also communicate with the wired network through the "WAN" port of the AP.
  • the AP may include a fat AP (fat AP) or a thin AP (fit AP).
  • fat AP has the centralized control and management function of the AC
  • thin AP does not have the centralized control and management of the AC.
  • the local integrated Web network management or command line network management configuration capabilities, the thin AP is a wireless network node, it cannot be used alone and must cooperate with the AC service. Combined use, play the role of expanding the coverage area of the wireless network.
  • the access point involved in the embodiments of the present application may be a home router with Wi-Fi function or a customer terminal equipment (customer premise equipment, CPE) wireless router, or may be other mobile terminals that can be used as hotspot devices, such as smart phones , notebook computer, tablet computer, etc., which are not specifically limited in the embodiments of the present application.
  • CPE customer premise equipment
  • a station (station, STA), is an electronic device with a wireless connection function that can provide users with voice and/or data connectivity, and can access the network through an AP, also known as an electronic device.
  • Terminal equipment user equipment (user equipment, UE), mobile station (mobile station, MS), mobile terminal (mobile terminal, MT), etc.
  • sites include: mobile phones (mobile phones), tablets, laptops, PDAs, mobile internet devices (MIDs), wearable devices, virtual reality (VR) devices, augmented reality (augmented reality, AR) equipment, wireless terminals in industrial control, wireless terminals in self-driving, wireless terminals in remote medical surgery, smart grid wireless terminal in transportation safety, wireless terminal in smart city, wireless terminal in smart home, in-vehicle equipment, etc.
  • Association response frame when the STA tries to connect to the access point, the access point will reply the association response frame. During the response, the access point assigns an association ID.
  • an association request frame the STA finds a compatible network and passes the authentication, and then sends an association request frame to try to join the network.
  • the capability information field is used to indicate the type of network the mobile station is to join.
  • the access point verifies that fields such as capability information, SSID, and (extended) supported rated match network parameters.
  • the access point also records the Listen Interval used by the station. The monitoring interval is how often the mobile station monitors the beacon frame to monitor the TIM information. Stations that support spectrum management have power and channel performance information elements, and stations that support secure access have RSN information elements.
  • beacon (beacon) frame, which is mainly used to declare the existence of a certain network.
  • the beacons periodically transmitted by the AP allow the STA to know the existence of the network and adjust the parameters necessary to join the network.
  • the access point is responsible for transmitting the beacon frame, and the range covered by the beacon frame is the basic service area of the AP.
  • FIG. 1 shows a communication system to which a method for switching an access point or an access point provided by an embodiment of the present application is applicable.
  • the communication system includes: one or more STAs (for example, STA10 and STA20), one or more APs (eg, AP30 and AP40 in FIG. 1).
  • the one or more STAs can access the wireless network through the AP to access the server.
  • the STAs can access the wireless network through the AP to access the cloud multimedia server server to watch videos or browse pictures or web pages, download videos, audios, documents, etc.
  • the above AP30 and AP40 can serve the same area, that is, both AP30 and AP40 are devices that provide wireless network coverage in the area.
  • Sub-area 2 of the sub-area 2 provides a wireless network coverage environment, and the wireless network coverage environments provided by AP30 and AP40 in this embodiment of the present application may overlap. So that STA can use AP30 or AP40 to access the wireless network to access the server.
  • the AP30 or AP40 in this embodiment of the present application supports monitoring of uplink packet transmission queue congestion and interface status.
  • AP30 or AP40 may be a fat AP (fat AP) or a thin AP (fit AP).
  • fat AP fat AP
  • thin AP fit AP
  • the uplink that the AP30 needs to monitor refers to the physical link of the WAN port of the AP30 or the uplink air interface during mesh networking, or the cellular network as the uplink.
  • the so-called local route forwarding mode means that the AP does not need to forward the data to the AC or AR (access router) through a tunnel (for example, a CAPWAP data tunnel), and then performs route forwarding.
  • the uplink that the AP30 needs to monitor is the data tunnel from the AP30 to the AC or to the gateway device (for example, CAPWAP data tunnel, GRE tunnel, VXLAN tunnel, etc.).
  • the so-called centralized forwarding mode means that the AP forwards to the AC or AR (access router) through a tunnel (for example, a CAPWAP data tunnel), and then performs routing and forwarding.
  • a tunnel for example, a CAPWAP data tunnel
  • one AP may be configured with multiple service set identifiers, and different service set identifiers (service set identifiers, SSIDs) are different.
  • AP30 is configured with SSID1 and SSID2.
  • AP40 is configured with SSID2 and SSID3.
  • SSID2 is the same service set identifier that AP30 and AP40 can provide for AP for STA10. Therefore, STA10 can access the network through SSID2 of AP30, or switch to AP40 to access the network through SSID2 of AP40.
  • One or more STAs can access the WLAN network through the AP, and the service configuration service set identification mechanism is a basic authentication mechanism.
  • the AP In each WLAN network area, the AP has its own SSID, and the SSID of each AP is set by the owner of the AP.
  • the owner of the AP can be a WLAN operator, a site owner, or an individual user.
  • the STA When a STA wants to access a certain WLAN network area, the STA must know the SSID identifier of the WLAN network. The STA sends an access request carrying the SSID identifier to the AP in the WLAN network area through the WLAN client, and the AP receives the access request. Then, it is judged whether the SSID sent by the STA is the same as its own SSID. If they are the same, the AP allows the STA to access the network. If they are different, the AP rejects the STA from accessing the network.
  • the process of the STA accessing the AP may include four phases: a scanning phase, a link authentication phase, an association phase, and an access authentication phase:
  • the scanning phase refers to a process in which the STA searches for a wireless network. Scanning can be divided into active scanning and passive scanning. Active scanning means that STAs actively detect and search for wireless networks, and passive scanning means that STAs passively receive wireless signals sent by APs.
  • the active scanning may be, for example, that the STA may sequentially send detection signals on the channels supported by the STA to detect wireless networks existing in the surrounding area.
  • the probe signal may be, for example, a probe request frame.
  • the probe request frame may not carry the SSID, so as to detect all available wireless networks around.
  • the AP that receives the probe request frame will respond to the STA and indicate its own SSID.
  • AP30 and AP40 can send a probe response frame carrying the SSID to STA10.
  • the STA10 can determine the SSIDs of all available wireless networks around.
  • Passive scanning may be, for example, that the AP periodically sends wireless network information to STAs within its coverage.
  • AP40 or AP30 may carry the SSID of the wireless network in the beacon, and periodically broadcast beacon frames.
  • the STA 10 can determine the SSIDs of the wireless networks available around it by listening for beacon frames on each of the channels it supports.
  • the STA After the STA determines that there is an available wireless network around, it will perform the next link authentication.
  • the link authentication phase refers to the process in which the AP determines the legitimacy of the STA.
  • link authentication usually adopts the method of open system authentication.
  • the STA sends an authentication request to the AP.
  • the AP receives the STA's authentication request, it allows the STA to authenticate successfully.
  • Open system authentication is an insecure authentication method, so it is usually used in combination with other access authentication methods to improve security.
  • the association phase refers to the process of negotiating the wireless link service between the STA and the AP.
  • the STA will send an association request frame to the AP, which carries various parameters of the STA and various parameters selected by the STA according to the service configuration, such as the rate and channel supported by the STA, the selected access authentication method, and encryption algorithm, etc.
  • the AP receives the association request frame from the STA, it will configure the corresponding wireless link service for the STA according to the parameters carried in the frame, such as determining whether to configure access authentication for the STA, and configuring the STA for the STA. Which access authentication method and encryption algorithm are used.
  • the access authentication stage refers to the process of authenticating the wireless connection and determining whether the STA has the right to access the wireless network.
  • the access authentication may adopt the "four-step handshake" (4-way handshake) in the existing security authentication mechanisms such as Wi-Fi protected access (WPA), WPA2, and WPA3. handshake) access authentication method.
  • the purpose of the "four-step handshake” is to negotiate a pairwise transient key (PTK), which is used to encrypt subsequent frames between the STA and the AP.
  • PTK pairwise transient key
  • the SSID password that is, the password manually entered by the user when connecting to the wireless network corresponding to the SSID in the prior art
  • the STA needs to know the SSID password. .
  • Each of the one or more STAs, the one or more access points may operate in accordance with a standard such as, by way of illustrative, non-limiting example, the IEEE 802.11 standard (e.g., IEEE 802.11k, IEEE 802.11ai, or both) and/or Wi-Fi Alliance standards (eg, Optimized Connectivity Experience (OCE) standard, Multi-Band Operation (MBO) standard, or both).
  • a standard such as, by way of illustrative, non-limiting example, the IEEE 802.11 standard (e.g., IEEE 802.11k, IEEE 802.11ai, or both) and/or Wi-Fi Alliance standards (eg, Optimized Connectivity Experience (OCE) standard, Multi-Band Operation (MBO) standard, or both).
  • OCE Optimized Connectivity Experience
  • MBO Multi-Band Operation
  • 802.11k can be used to provide the application layer to decide whether to implement strategies such as intelligent roaming and load balancing. Then 802.11V (BBS handover management frame): and 802.11R (fast BSS handover) perform the handover action of the STA, and quickly associate and switch to the new AP.
  • BSS handover management frame BSS handover management frame
  • 802.11R fast BSS handover
  • spectrum management frame spectrum management frame
  • action category 0.
  • the frame contains 3 measurement types, as shown in Table 3:
  • the radio resource measurement frame contains 8 measurement types, as shown in Table 4:
  • the commonly used beacon request frame of 802.11k includes the following six types, as shown in Table 5:
  • the electronic device 10 has access to the AP30, and the electronic device 10 accesses the server through the AP30, the electronic device 10 finds that the congestion level of the uplink of the AP30 is greater than or equal to the preset congestion level, and the electronic device 10 determines that the The congestion level of the uplink of AP40 is lower than that of the uplink of AP30, or the congestion level of the uplink of AP30 and the uplink of AP40 are the same, but the air interface signal quality of AP40 is higher than that of AP30. If the signal quality of the air interface is high, the electronic device 10 decides to switch from AP30 to AP40.
  • the electronic device 20 does not currently access the AP30 and AP40 in the network identified by the SSID, when the electronic device 20 is located in the network coverage area identified by the SSID, the AP30 and AP40 actively send information about the wireless network, for example, AP30
  • the SSID of the wireless network can be carried in the beacon, and the beacon frame and the congestion level of the uplink of the AP30 can be broadcast periodically.
  • the AP40 can carry the SSID of the wireless network in the beacon, and periodically broadcast the beacon frame and the congestion level of the uplink of the AP40.
  • the electronic device 20 can be based on the congestion level of the uplink of the AP30 and the uplink of the AP40 The congestion level of the link, select access AP40.
  • the congestion level of the uplink of AP40 is lower than the congestion level of the uplink of AP30.
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic structural diagram of the electronic device 200 .
  • the electronic device 200 may include a processor 210, an external memory interface 220, an internal memory 221, a universal serial bus (USB) interface 230, a charge management module 240, a power management module 241, a battery 242, an antenna 1, an antenna 2 , mobile communication module 250, wireless communication module 260, audio module 270, speaker 270A, receiver 270B, microphone 270C, headphone jack 270D, sensor module 280, buttons 290, motor 291, indicator 292, camera 293, display screen 294, and Subscriber identification module (subscriber identification module, SIM) card interface 295 and so on.
  • SIM Subscriber identification module
  • the sensor module 280 may include a pressure sensor 280A, a gyroscope sensor 280B, an air pressure sensor 280C, a magnetic sensor 280D, an acceleration sensor 280E, a distance sensor 280F, a proximity light sensor 280G, a fingerprint sensor 280H, a temperature sensor 280J, a touch sensor 280K, and ambient light.
  • Sensor 280L Bone Conduction Sensor 280M, etc.
  • the structures illustrated in the embodiments of the present application do not constitute a specific limitation on the electronic device 200 .
  • the electronic device 200 may include more or less components than shown, or combine some components, or separate some components, or arrange different components.
  • the illustrated components may be implemented in hardware, software or a combination of software and hardware.
  • the processor 210 may include one or more processing units, for example, the processor 210 may include an application processor (application processor, AP), a modem processor, a graphics processor (graphics processing unit, GPU), an image signal processor (image signal processor, ISP), controller, memory, video codec, digital signal processor (digital signal processor, DSP), baseband processor, and/or neural-network processing unit (NPU) Wait. Wherein, different processing units may be independent devices, or may be integrated in one or more processors.
  • application processor application processor, AP
  • modem processor graphics processor
  • ISP image signal processor
  • controller memory
  • video codec digital signal processor
  • DSP digital signal processor
  • NPU neural-network processing unit
  • the controller may be the nerve center and command center of the electronic device 200 .
  • the controller can generate an operation control signal according to the instruction operation code and timing signal, and complete the control of fetching and executing instructions.
  • a memory may also be provided in the processor 210 for storing instructions and data.
  • the memory in processor 210 is cache memory.
  • the memory may hold instructions or data that have just been used or recycled by the processor 210 . If the processor 210 needs to use the instruction or data again, it can be called directly from memory. Repeated accesses are avoided, and the waiting time of the processor 210 is reduced, thereby improving the efficiency of the system.
  • the processor 210 may include one or more interfaces.
  • the interface may include an integrated circuit (inter-integrated circuit, I2C) interface, an integrated circuit built-in audio (inter-integrated circuit sound, I2S) interface, a pulse code modulation (pulse code modulation, PCM) interface, a universal asynchronous transceiver (universal asynchronous transmitter) receiver/transmitter, UART) interface, mobile industry processor interface (MIPI), general-purpose input/output (GPIO) interface, subscriber identity module (SIM) interface, and / or universal serial bus (universal serial bus, USB) interface, etc.
  • I2C integrated circuit
  • I2S integrated circuit built-in audio
  • PCM pulse code modulation
  • PCM pulse code modulation
  • UART universal asynchronous transceiver
  • MIPI mobile industry processor interface
  • GPIO general-purpose input/output
  • SIM subscriber identity module
  • USB universal serial bus
  • the I2C interface is a bidirectional synchronous serial bus that includes a serial data line (SDA) and a serial clock line (SCL).
  • the processor 210 may contain multiple sets of I2C buses.
  • the processor 210 can be respectively coupled to the touch sensor 280K, the charger, the flash, the camera 293 and the like through different I2C bus interfaces.
  • the processor 210 can couple the touch sensor 280K through the I2C interface, so that the processor 210 communicates with the touch sensor 280K through the I2C bus interface, so as to realize the touch function of the electronic device 200 .
  • the I2S interface can be used for audio communication.
  • the processor 210 may contain multiple sets of I2S buses.
  • the processor 210 may be coupled with the audio module 270 through an I2S bus to implement communication between the processor 210 and the audio module 270 .
  • the audio module 270 can transmit audio signals to the wireless communication module 260 through the I2S interface, so as to realize the function of answering calls through the Bluetooth headset.
  • the PCM interface can also be used for audio communications, sampling, quantizing and encoding analog signals.
  • the audio module 270 and the wireless communication module 260 may be coupled through a PCM bus interface.
  • the audio module 270 can also transmit audio signals to the wireless communication module 260 through the PCM interface, so as to realize the function of answering calls through the Bluetooth headset. Both the I2S interface and the PCM interface can be used for audio communication.
  • the UART interface is a universal serial data bus used for asynchronous communication.
  • the bus may be a bidirectional communication bus. It converts the data to be transmitted between serial communication and parallel communication.
  • a UART interface is typically used to connect the processor 210 with the wireless communication module 260 .
  • the processor 210 communicates with the Bluetooth module in the wireless communication module 260 through the UART interface to implement the Bluetooth function.
  • the audio module 270 can transmit audio signals to the wireless communication module 260 through the UART interface, so as to realize the function of playing music through the Bluetooth headset.
  • the MIPI interface can be used to connect the processor 210 with peripheral devices such as the display screen 294 and the camera 293 .
  • MIPI interfaces include camera serial interface (CSI), display serial interface (DSI), etc.
  • the processor 210 communicates with the camera 293 through a CSI interface, so as to implement the photographing function of the electronic device 200 .
  • the processor 210 communicates with the display screen 294 through the DSI interface to implement the display function of the electronic device 200 .
  • the GPIO interface can be configured by software.
  • the GPIO interface can be configured as a control signal or as a data signal.
  • the GPIO interface may be used to connect the processor 210 with the camera 293, the display screen 294, the wireless communication module 260, the audio module 270, the sensor module 280, and the like.
  • the GPIO interface can also be configured as I2C interface, I2S interface, UART interface, MIPI interface, etc.
  • the USB interface 230 is an interface that conforms to the USB standard specification, and may specifically be a Mini USB interface, a Micro USB interface, a USB Type C interface, and the like.
  • the USB interface 230 can be used to connect a charger to charge the electronic device 200, and can also be used to transmit data between the electronic device 200 and peripheral devices. It can also be used to connect headphones to play audio through the headphones.
  • the interface can also be used to connect other electronic devices, such as AR devices.
  • the interface connection relationship between the modules illustrated in the embodiments of the present application is only a schematic illustration, and does not constitute a structural limitation of the electronic device 200 .
  • the electronic device 200 may also adopt different interface connection manners in the foregoing embodiments, or a combination of multiple interface connection manners.
  • the charging management module 240 is used to receive charging input from the charger.
  • the charger may be a wireless charger or a wired charger.
  • the charging management module 240 may receive charging input from the wired charger through the USB interface 230 .
  • the charging management module 240 may receive wireless charging input through the wireless charging coil of the electronic device 100 . While the charging management module 240 charges the battery 242 , the power management module 241 can also supply power to the electronic device.
  • the power management module 241 is used to connect the battery 242 , the charging management module 240 and the processor 210 .
  • the power management module 241 receives input from the battery 242 and/or the charging management module 240, and supplies power to the processor 210, the internal memory 221, the external memory, the display screen 294, the camera 293, and the wireless communication module 260.
  • the power management module 241 can also be used to monitor parameters such as battery capacity, battery cycle times, battery health status (leakage, impedance).
  • the power management module 241 may also be provided in the processor 210 . In other embodiments, the power management module 241 and the charging management module 240 may also be provided in the same device.
  • the wireless communication function of the electronic device 200 may be implemented by the antenna 1, the antenna 2, the mobile communication module 250, the wireless communication module 160, the modulation and demodulation processor, the baseband processor, and the like.
  • Antenna 1 and Antenna 2 are used to transmit and receive electromagnetic wave signals.
  • Each antenna in electronic device 200 may be used to cover a single or multiple communication frequency bands. Different antennas can also be reused to improve antenna utilization.
  • the antenna 1 can be multiplexed as a diversity antenna of the wireless local area network. In other embodiments, the antenna may be used in conjunction with a tuning switch.
  • the mobile communication module 250 may provide a wireless communication solution including 2G/3G/4G/5G, etc. applied on the electronic device 200 .
  • the mobile communication module 250 may include at least one filter, switch, power amplifier, low noise amplifier (LNA), and the like.
  • the mobile communication module 250 can receive electromagnetic waves from the antenna 1, filter and amplify the received electromagnetic waves, and transmit them to the modulation and demodulation processor for demodulation.
  • the mobile communication module 250 can also amplify the signal modulated by the modulation and demodulation processor, and then convert it into electromagnetic waves for radiation through the antenna 1 .
  • At least part of the functional modules of the mobile communication module 250 may be provided in the processor 210 . In some embodiments, at least part of the functional modules of the mobile communication module 250 may be provided in the same device as at least part of the modules of the processor 210 .
  • the modem processor may include a modulator and a demodulator.
  • the modulator is used to modulate the low frequency baseband signal to be sent into a medium and high frequency signal.
  • the demodulator is used to demodulate the received electromagnetic wave signal into a low frequency baseband signal. Then the demodulator transmits the demodulated low-frequency baseband signal to the baseband processor for processing.
  • the low frequency baseband signal is processed by the baseband processor and passed to the application processor.
  • the application processor outputs sound signals through audio devices (not limited to the speaker 270A, the receiver 270B, etc.), or displays images or videos through the display screen 294 .
  • the modem processor may be a stand-alone device.
  • the modem processor may be independent of the processor 210, and may be provided in the same device as the mobile communication module 250 or other functional modules.
  • the wireless communication module 260 can provide applications on the electronic device 200 including wireless local area networks (WLAN) (such as wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi) networks), bluetooth (BT), global navigation satellites Wireless communication solutions such as global navigation satellite system (GNSS), frequency modulation (FM), near field communication (NFC), and infrared technology (IR).
  • WLAN wireless local area networks
  • BT Bluetooth
  • GNSS global navigation satellite system
  • FM frequency modulation
  • NFC near field communication
  • IR infrared technology
  • the wireless communication module 260 may be one or more devices integrating at least one communication processing module.
  • the wireless communication module 260 receives electromagnetic waves via the antenna 2 , modulates and filters the electromagnetic wave signals, and sends the processed signals to the processor 210 .
  • the wireless communication module 260 can also receive the signal to be sent from the processor 210 , perform frequency modulation on the signal, amplify the signal, and then convert it into an electromagnetic wave for radiation through the antenna 2 .
  • the antenna 1 of the electronic device 200 is coupled with the mobile communication module 250, and the antenna 2 is coupled with the wireless communication module 260, so that the electronic device 200 can communicate with the network and other devices through wireless communication technology.
  • Wireless communication technologies may include global system for mobile communications (GSM), general packet radio service (GPRS), code division multiple access (CDMA), broadband code division Multiple access (wideband code division multiple access, WCDMA), time division code division multiple access (time-division code division multiple access, TD-SCDMA), long term evolution (long term evolution, LTE), BT, GNSS, WLAN, NFC, FM , and/or IR technology, etc.
  • GNSS may include global positioning system (GPS), global navigation satellite system (GLONASS), Beidou navigation satellite system (BDS), quasi-zenith satellite system (quasi-zenith) satellite system, QZSS) and/or satellite based augmentation systems (SBAS).
  • GPS global positioning system
  • GLONASS global navigation satellite system
  • BDS Beidou navigation satellite system
  • QZSS quasi-zenith satellite system
  • SBAS satellite based augmentation systems
  • the electronic device 200 implements a display function through a GPU, a display screen 294, an application processor, and the like.
  • the GPU is a microprocessor for image processing, and is connected to the display screen 294 and the application processor.
  • the GPU is used to perform mathematical and geometric calculations for graphics rendering.
  • Processor 210 may include one or more GPUs that execute program instructions to generate or alter display information.
  • Display screen 294 is used to display images, videos, and the like.
  • Display screen 294 includes a display panel.
  • the display panel can be a liquid crystal display (LCD), an organic light-emitting diode (OLED), an active-matrix organic light-emitting diode or an active-matrix organic light-emitting diode (active-matrix organic light).
  • LED diode AMOLED
  • flexible light-emitting diode flexible light-emitting diode (flex light-emitting diode, FLED), Miniled, MicroLed, Micro-oLed, quantum dot light-emitting diode (quantum dot light emitting diodes, QLED) and so on.
  • the electronic device 200 may include one or N display screens 294 , where N is a positive integer greater than one.
  • the electronic device 200 can realize the shooting function through the ISP, the camera 293, the video codec, the GPU, the display screen 294 and the application processor.
  • the ISP is used to process the data fed back by the camera 293 .
  • the shutter is opened, the light is transmitted to the camera photosensitive element through the lens, the light signal is converted into an electrical signal, and the camera photosensitive element transmits the electrical signal to the ISP for processing, converting it into an image visible to the naked eye.
  • ISP can also perform algorithm optimization on image noise, brightness, and skin tone.
  • ISP can also optimize the exposure, color temperature and other parameters of the shooting scene.
  • the ISP may be provided in the camera 293 .
  • Camera 293 is used to capture still images or video.
  • the object is projected through the lens to generate an optical image onto the photosensitive element.
  • the photosensitive element may be a charge coupled device (CCD) or a complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) phototransistor.
  • CMOS complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor
  • the photosensitive element converts the optical signal into an electrical signal, and then transmits the electrical signal to the ISP to convert it into a digital image signal.
  • the ISP outputs the digital image signal to the DSP for processing.
  • DSP converts digital image signals into standard RGB, YUV and other formats of image signals.
  • the electronic device 200 may include 1 or N cameras 293 , where N is a positive integer greater than 1.
  • a digital signal processor is used to process digital signals, in addition to processing digital image signals, it can also process other digital signals. For example, when the electronic device 200 selects a frequency point, the digital signal processor is used to perform Fourier transform on the frequency point energy, and the like.
  • Video codecs are used to compress or decompress digital video.
  • the electronic device 200 may support one or more video codecs.
  • the electronic device 200 can play or record videos in various encoding formats, such as: moving picture experts group (moving picture experts group, MPEG) 1, MPEG2, MPEG3, MPEG4, and so on.
  • MPEG moving picture experts group
  • the NPU is a neural-network (NN) computing processor.
  • NN neural-network
  • Applications such as intelligent cognition of the electronic device 200 can be implemented through the NPU, for example: image recognition, face recognition, speech recognition, text understanding, and the like.
  • the NPU or other processors may be used to perform operations such as face detection, face tracking, face feature extraction, and image clustering on the face images in the video stored by the electronic device 200; 200 performs operations such as face detection and face feature extraction on the face images in the pictures stored, and performs clustering on the pictures stored in the electronic device 200 according to the face features of the pictures and the clustering results of the face images in the video.
  • the external memory interface 220 can be used to connect an external memory card, such as a Micro SD card, to expand the storage capacity of the electronic device 200.
  • the external memory card communicates with the processor 210 through the external memory interface 220 to realize the data storage function. For example to save files like music, video etc in external memory card.
  • Internal memory 221 may be used to store computer executable program code, which includes instructions.
  • the processor 210 executes various functional applications and data processing of the electronic device 200 by executing the instructions stored in the internal memory 221 .
  • the internal memory 221 may include a storage program area and a storage data area.
  • the storage program area can store an operating system, an application program required for at least one function (such as a sound playback function, an image playback function, etc.), and the like.
  • the storage data area can store data (such as audio data, phone book, etc.) created during the use of the electronic device 200 and the like.
  • the internal memory 221 may include high-speed random access memory, and may also include non-volatile memory, such as at least one magnetic disk storage device, flash memory device, universal flash storage (UFS), and the like.
  • non-volatile memory such as at least one magnetic disk storage device, flash memory device, universal flash storage (UFS), and the like.
  • the electronic device 200 may implement audio functions through an audio module 270, a speaker 270A, a receiver 270B, a microphone 270C, an earphone interface 270D, and an application processor. Such as music playback, recording, etc.
  • the audio module 270 is used for converting digital audio information into analog audio signal output, and also for converting analog audio input into digital audio signal. Audio module 270 may also be used to encode and decode audio signals. In some embodiments, the audio module 270 may be provided in the processor 210 , or some functional modules of the audio module 270 may be provided in the processor 210 .
  • Speaker 270A also referred to as a "speaker" is used to convert audio electrical signals into sound signals.
  • the electronic device 200 can listen to music through the speaker 270A, or listen to a hands-free call.
  • the receiver 270B also referred to as an "earpiece" is used to convert audio electrical signals into sound signals.
  • the voice can be answered by placing the receiver 270B close to the human ear.
  • the microphone 270C also called “microphone” or “microphone” is used to convert sound signals into electrical signals.
  • the user can make a sound by approaching the microphone 270C through the human mouth, and input the sound signal into the microphone 270C.
  • the electronic device 200 may be provided with at least one microphone 270C. In other embodiments, the electronic device 200 may be provided with two microphones 270C, which may implement a noise reduction function in addition to collecting sound signals. In other embodiments, the electronic device 200 may further be provided with three, four or more microphones 270C to collect sound signals, reduce noise, identify sound sources, and implement directional recording functions.
  • the headphone jack 270D is used to connect wired headphones.
  • the earphone interface 270D can be a USB interface 230, or can be a 3.5mm open mobile terminal platform (OMTP) standard interface, a cellular telecommunications industry association of the USA (CTIA) standard interface.
  • OMTP open mobile terminal platform
  • CTIA cellular telecommunications industry association of the USA
  • the pressure sensor 280A is used to sense pressure signals, and can convert the pressure signals into electrical signals.
  • the pressure sensor 280A may be provided on the display screen 294 .
  • the capacitive pressure sensor may be comprised of at least two parallel plates of conductive material. When a force is applied to pressure sensor 280A, the capacitance between the electrodes changes.
  • the electronic device 200 determines the intensity of the pressure according to the change in capacitance. When a touch operation acts on the display screen 294, the electronic device 200 detects the intensity of the touch operation according to the pressure sensor 280A.
  • the electronic device 200 may also calculate the touched position according to the detection signal of the pressure sensor 280A.
  • touch operations acting on the same touch position but with different touch operation intensities may correspond to different operation instructions. For example, when a touch operation whose intensity is less than the first pressure threshold acts on the short message application icon, the instruction for viewing the short message is executed. When a touch operation whose intensity is greater than or equal to the first pressure threshold acts on the short message application icon, the instruction to create a new short message is executed.
  • the gyro sensor 280B may be used to determine the motion attitude of the electronic device 200 .
  • the angular velocity of electronic device 200 about three axes ie, x, y, and z axes
  • the gyro sensor 280B can be used for image stabilization.
  • the gyro sensor 280B detects the shaking angle of the electronic device 200, calculates the distance that the lens module needs to compensate according to the angle, and allows the lens to counteract the shaking of the electronic device 200 through reverse motion to achieve anti-shake.
  • the gyro sensor 280B can also be used for navigation and somatosensory game scenarios.
  • Air pressure sensor 280C is used to measure air pressure. In some embodiments, the electronic device 200 calculates the altitude through the air pressure value measured by the air pressure sensor 280C to assist in positioning and navigation.
  • Magnetic sensor 280D includes a Hall sensor.
  • the electronic device 200 can detect the opening and closing of the flip holster using the magnetic sensor 280D.
  • the electronic device 200 can detect the opening and closing of the flip according to the magnetic sensor 280D. Further, according to the detected opening and closing state of the leather case or the opening and closing state of the flip cover, characteristics such as automatic unlocking of the flip cover are set.
  • the acceleration sensor 280E can detect the magnitude of the acceleration of the electronic device 200 in various directions (generally three axes).
  • the magnitude and direction of gravity can be detected when the electronic device 200 is stationary. It can also be used to identify the posture of electronic devices, and can be used in applications such as horizontal and vertical screen switching, pedometers, etc.
  • the electronic device 200 can measure the distance through infrared or laser. In some embodiments, when shooting a scene, the electronic device 200 can use the distance sensor 280F to measure the distance to achieve fast focusing.
  • Proximity light sensor 280G may include, for example, light emitting diodes (LEDs) and light detectors, such as photodiodes.
  • the light emitting diodes may be infrared light emitting diodes.
  • the electronic device 200 emits infrared light to the outside through the light emitting diode.
  • Electronic device 200 uses photodiodes to detect infrared reflected light from nearby objects. When sufficient reflected light is detected, it may be determined that there is an object near the electronic device 200 . When insufficient reflected light is detected, the electronic device 200 may determine that there is no object near the electronic device 200 .
  • the electronic device 200 can use the proximity light sensor 280G to detect that the user holds the electronic device 200 close to the ear to talk, so as to automatically turn off the screen to save power.
  • Proximity light sensor 280G can also be used in holster mode, pocket mode automatically unlocks and locks the screen.
  • the ambient light sensor 280L is used to sense ambient light brightness.
  • the electronic device 200 can adaptively adjust the brightness of the display screen 294 according to the perceived ambient light brightness.
  • the ambient light sensor 280L can also be used to automatically adjust the white balance when taking pictures.
  • the ambient light sensor 280L can also cooperate with the proximity light sensor 280G to detect whether the electronic device 200 is in the pocket, so as to prevent accidental touch.
  • the fingerprint sensor 280H is used to collect fingerprints.
  • the electronic device 200 can use the collected fingerprint characteristics to realize fingerprint unlocking, accessing application locks, taking pictures with fingerprints, answering incoming calls with fingerprints, and the like.
  • the temperature sensor 280J is used to detect the temperature.
  • the electronic device 200 utilizes the temperature detected by the temperature sensor 280J to execute a temperature processing strategy. For example, when the temperature reported by the temperature sensor 280J exceeds a threshold value, the electronic device 200 reduces the performance of the processor located near the temperature sensor 280J in order to reduce power consumption and implement thermal protection.
  • the electronic device 200 heats the battery 242 to avoid abnormal shutdown of the electronic device 200 caused by the low temperature.
  • the electronic device 200 boosts the output voltage of the battery 242 to avoid abnormal shutdown caused by low temperature.
  • Touch sensor 280K also called “touch panel”.
  • the touch sensor 280K may be disposed on the display screen 294, and the touch sensor 280K and the display screen 294 form a touch screen, also called a "touch screen”.
  • the touch sensor 280K is used to detect a touch operation on or near it.
  • the touch sensor can pass the detected touch operation to the application processor to determine the type of touch event.
  • Visual output related to touch operations may be provided through display screen 294 .
  • the touch sensor 280K may also be disposed on the surface of the electronic device 200 , which is different from the location where the display screen 294 is located.
  • the bone conduction sensor 280M can acquire vibration signals.
  • the bone conduction sensor 280M can acquire the vibration signal of the vibrating bone mass of the human voice.
  • the bone conduction sensor 280M can also contact the pulse of the human body and receive the blood pressure beating signal.
  • the bone conduction sensor 280M can also be disposed in the earphone, combined with the bone conduction earphone.
  • the audio module 270 can analyze the voice signal based on the vibration signal of the vocal vibration bone mass obtained by the bone conduction sensor 280M, so as to realize the voice function.
  • the application processor can analyze the heart rate information based on the blood pressure beat signal obtained by the bone conduction sensor 280M, and realize the function of heart rate detection.
  • the keys 290 include a power-on key, a volume key, and the like. Keys 290 may be mechanical keys. It can also be a touch key.
  • the electronic device 200 may receive key inputs and generate key signal inputs related to user settings and function control of the electronic device 200 .
  • Motor 291 can generate vibrating cues.
  • the motor 291 can be used for vibrating alerts for incoming calls, and can also be used for touch vibration feedback.
  • touch operations acting on different applications can correspond to different vibration feedback effects.
  • the motor 291 can also correspond to different vibration feedback effects for touch operations on different areas of the display screen 294 .
  • Different application scenarios for example: time reminder, receiving information, alarm clock, games, etc.
  • the touch vibration feedback effect can also support customization.
  • the indicator 292 can be an indicator light, which can be used to indicate the charging status, the change of power, and can also be used to indicate messages, missed calls, notifications, and the like.
  • the SIM card interface 295 is used to connect a SIM card.
  • the SIM card can be contacted and separated from the electronic device 200 by inserting into the SIM card interface 295 or pulling out from the SIM card interface 295 .
  • the electronic device 200 may support 1 or N SIM card interfaces, where N is a positive integer greater than 1.
  • the SIM card interface 295 can support Nano SIM card, Micro SIM card, SIM card and so on.
  • the same SIM card interface 295 can insert multiple cards at the same time. Multiple cards can be of the same type or different.
  • the SIM card interface 295 can also be compatible with different types of SIM cards.
  • the SIM card interface 295 is also compatible with external memory cards.
  • the electronic device 200 interacts with the network through the SIM card to realize functions such as call and data communication.
  • the electronic device 200 employs an eSIM, ie: an embedded SIM card.
  • the eSIM card can be embedded in the electronic device 200 and cannot be separated from the electronic device 200 .
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic diagram of a hardware structure of a communication device provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the communication device includes a processor 301, a communication line 304 and at least one communication interface (in FIG. 3, the communication interface 303 is used as an example for illustration).
  • the processor 301 can be a general-purpose central processing unit (central processing unit, CPU), a microprocessor, an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), or one or more processors for controlling the execution of the programs of the present application. integrated circuit.
  • CPU central processing unit
  • ASIC application-specific integrated circuit
  • Communication line 304 may include a path to communicate information between the components described above.
  • the communication interface 303 is used for information exchange with other devices, for example, any device such as a transceiver is used for communication with other devices or communication networks, such as Ethernet, radio access network (RAN), wireless Local area network (wireless local area networks, WLAN) and so on.
  • RAN radio access network
  • WLAN wireless Local area network
  • the communication device may further include a memory 302 .
  • the memory 302 may be read-only memory (ROM) or other type of static storage device that can store static information and instructions, random access memory (RAM) or other type of static storage device that can store information and instructions It can also be an electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), a compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM) or other optical disk storage, CD-ROM storage (including compact discs, laser discs, optical discs, digital versatile discs, Blu-ray discs, etc.), magnetic disk storage media or other magnetic storage devices, or capable of carrying or storing desired program code in the form of instructions or data structures and capable of being executed by a computer Access any other medium without limitation.
  • the memory may exist independently and be connected to the processor through communication line 304 .
  • the memory can also be integrated with the processor.
  • the memory 302 is used for storing computer-executed instructions for executing the solution of the present application, and the execution is controlled by the processor 301 .
  • the processor 301 is configured to execute the computer-executable instructions stored in the memory 302, thereby implementing a method for switching an access point or a method for accessing an access point provided by the following embodiments of the present application.
  • the computer-executed instructions in the embodiment of the present application may also be referred to as application code, which is not specifically limited in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the processor 301 may include one or more CPUs, such as CPU0 and CPU1 in FIG. 3 .
  • the communication device may include multiple processors, such as the processor 301 and the processor 305 in FIG. 3 .
  • processors can be a single-core (single-CPU) processor or a multi-core (multi-CPU) processor.
  • a processor herein may refer to one or more devices, circuits, and/or processing cores for processing data (eg, computer program instructions).
  • the specific structure of the execution body of a method for switching access points is not particularly limited in the embodiments of the present application, as long as the method for switching access points according to the embodiments of the present application can be recorded through operation
  • the program of the code can communicate with the method for switching an access point according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the execution body of the method for switching access points provided by the embodiments of the present application may be a functional module in the first electronic device that can call and execute a program, or a communication device applied in the first electronic device, such as , chips, chip systems, integrated circuits, etc.
  • the execution subject of the method for switching access points provided by the embodiment of the present application may be a functional module in the first AP that can call and execute a program, or a communication device applied in the first AP, such as a chip, a chip systems, integrated circuits, etc.
  • These chips, chip systems, and integrated circuits may be disposed inside the first AP, or may be independent from the first AP, which is not limited in this embodiment of the present application.
  • the following embodiments are described by taking a method for switching an access point as an example where the execution subject is the first AP and the first electronic device.
  • the XX frame in this embodiment of the present application may also be referred to as an XX packet.
  • action packets can also be called action frames.
  • FIG. 4 is an embodiment of a method for switching an access point provided by an embodiment of the present application, and the method includes:
  • Step 401 The first AP detects the packet loss rate of the first uplink of the first AP.
  • the first AP has the ability to measure the uplink.
  • the first AP in this embodiment of the present application may periodically determine the packet loss rate of the first uplink of the first AP according to a preset period.
  • the first AP may further determine the packet loss rate of the first uplink of the first AP based on the request of the first electronic device accessing the first AP.
  • the first AP supports monitoring of the congestion of the packet sending queue and the interface status of the first uplink.
  • Step 402 The first AP determines the congestion level of the first uplink according to the packet loss rate of the first uplink of the first AP.
  • the congestion level of the uplink of the AP involved in the embodiment of the present application may be expressed as: no congestion, normal congestion, and severe congestion.
  • the first indicator is used to indicate that there is no congestion.
  • Use the second indicator for general congestion.
  • Use the third indicator to indicate severe congestion.
  • the first indicator is "00".
  • the third indicator is "10", for example, the proportion of lost packet traffic is >5%.
  • the congestion level of the uplink is divided into three levels.
  • the congestion level of the uplink of the AP involved in the embodiment of the present application can be expressed as: no congestion, Light congestion, moderate congestion, severe congestion, etc.
  • steps 401 and 402 in this embodiment of the present application may be implemented in the following manner: the first AP detects the first uplink or physical interface status, the first uplink and the The SSID corresponds to the priority queue bandwidth and packet loss status of the logical interface.
  • Step 403 The first AP sends a first message to the first electronic device that accesses the first AP, and correspondingly, the first electronic device receives the first message from the first AP that the first electronic device accesses.
  • the first electronic device has the capability of processing the uplink measurement report of the access point.
  • the first message includes a first information element, where the first information element is used to indicate the state of the first uplink.
  • the state of the first uplink includes a congestion level of the first uplink in a normal state, or an abnormal state.
  • the first information element includes a first field.
  • the first field is used to indicate the state of the first uplink.
  • the first field in this embodiment of the present application may include field 11 .
  • the field 11 is used to indicate that the state of the first uplink is an abnormal state.
  • the first field in this embodiment of the present application may include field 11 and field 12 .
  • the field 11 is used to indicate that the state of the first uplink is a normal state.
  • Field 12 is used to indicate the congestion level of the first uplink of the first AP.
  • the state of the first uplink in the embodiment of the present application is an abnormal state, which indicates that the first uplink is disconnected, or the first uplink is faulty.
  • field 11 is used to indicate the status of the first uplink. If the state is an abnormal state, then the field 12 in the first information element can be omitted, that is, the first information element does not include the field 12 .
  • the first message is an action frame.
  • the first message is an action request frame or an action response frame.
  • the action request frame or action response frame or beacon frame or probe response frame includes a first information element, and the first information element may be an uplink measurement report element (UpLink measurement report Element).
  • the first field is in the uplink measurement report element.
  • the value of the first field may be represented using one or more indicators.
  • the first field includes: Uplink interface congestion level (ie, field 12) and Uplink status (ie, field 11), and the value of field 11 is an indicator "10", which is used to indicate that the first uplink interface is critical congestion.
  • the value of field 12 is the indicator "0", which means normal.
  • Uplink interface is the field of the uplink interface ID, an ASCII string describing the name of the uplink interface, which can be the name of a physical Ethernet interface, a cellular or Wi-Fi uplink interface such as cellular0 and wlan0, or a virtual interface such as capwap0 and vxlan0. tunnel interface.
  • the first AP in this embodiment of the present application may actively send the first message to the first electronic device accessing the first AP.
  • the first message may be an action request frame.
  • the action request frame includes the UpLink measurement report Element element, and the action response frame of the first electronic device does not include the UpLink measurement report Element element.
  • the first AP configures a periodic uplink detection task, and caches the detection results within a certain period (including the status of the uplink within the period), and the detection results can also be used for WLAN Network operation and maintenance analysis.
  • the first AP discovers the detection results of two adjacent cycles. If the detection results are found to have changed, the first AP actively sends an action request frame of the UpLink measurement type (carrying an uplink measurement report element) to the first electronic device to notify the latest update. Uplink measurement results. At this time, the first electronic device replies an action response frame of the UpLink measurement type to the first AP, indicating that it has received and processed the notification.
  • the first AP finds that the congestion level of the first uplink is higher than the preset congestion level threshold, and actively sends an action request frame of the UpLink measurement type (carrying an uplink measurement report element) to the first electronic device.
  • the first AP may periodically send the uplink status measured in each period to the first electronic device according to a preset period.
  • the first AP in this embodiment of the present application may send the first message to the first electronic device based on a request (for example, an action request frame) of the first electronic device accessing the first AP.
  • the first message is the action response frame. If the first electronic device sends an action request frame, the action request frame does not include the UpLink measurement report Element element, and the AP's action response frame includes the UpLink measurement report Element element.
  • step 403 the method provided by this embodiment of the present application may further include: step 503, the specific process may refer to the following description, which will not be repeated here.
  • Step 404 When the congestion level of the first uplink is greater than or equal to the first preset congestion level, or the state of the first uplink is an abnormal state, the first electronic device preferentially selects to switch from the first AP to the first AP. Two AP.
  • the first AP and the second AP have the same first SSID, the state of the second uplink of the second AP is at least better than the state of the first uplink, and the first electronic device accesses the network through the first SSID.
  • the state of the second uplink of the second AP is at least better than the state of the first uplink, which can be expressed as the descriptions in the following examples 1 to 3:
  • the congestion level of the second uplink of the second AP is lower than the congestion level of the first uplink.
  • the congestion level of the second uplink of the second AP is normal congestion, and the congestion level of the first uplink is moderate congestion or severe congestion.
  • the congestion level of the second uplink of the second AP is moderate congestion, and the congestion level of the first uplink is severe congestion.
  • the congestion level of the second uplink is the same as the congestion level of the first uplink, but the air interface signal quality of the second AP is higher than the air interface signal quality of the first AP.
  • the state of the second uplink when the state of the first uplink is an abnormal state, the state of the second uplink is a normal state. Further, when the state of the first uplink is an abnormal state, the congestion level of the second uplink is normal congestion.
  • the second AP is any one of multiple APs that have the same SSID as the first AP, or the second AP is the one with the lowest congestion level among the multiple APs that have the same SSID as the first AP. .
  • the first electronic device when the first electronic device is connected to the first electronic device, if the first electronic device finds that the uplink of the first AP is in an abnormal state, and the second access to the SSID except the first AP The uplinks of the AP and the third AP are in normal state, and the congestion level of the second AP is normal or no congestion, and the congestion level of the third AP is moderate congestion, then the first electronic device can access the second AP .
  • the first electronic device accesses the first electronic device
  • the first electronic device finds that the congestion level of the uplink of the first AP is severe congestion, and the SSID other than the first AP accesses the SSID
  • the uplinks of the second AP and the third AP are in normal state, and the congestion level of the second AP is normal or no congestion, and the congestion level of the third AP is moderate congestion, then the first electronic device can access the Second AP.
  • the first electronic device may not perform AP switching, that is, Continue to use the first AP to access the network.
  • the first electronic device may switch from the first AP to the second AP to quickly switch to the second AP according to the process described in 802.11r, which is not limited in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the STA10 determines the uplink of the AP30 Although it is in a normal state, but the uplink of AP30 is severely congested, while the uplink of AP40 is in a normal state, and the uplink of AP40 is generally congested or moderately congested or not congested, STA10 decides to switch from AP30 to AP40.
  • the STA10 determines that the status of the uplink of the AP30 is abnormal, the uplink of the AP40 is in a normal status, and the uplink of the AP40 is generally congested or moderately congested or not congested or severely congested, Then STA10 decides to switch from AP30 to AP40.
  • the STA10 determines that the uplink states of AP30 and AP40 are both normal, and the congestion levels of AP30 and AP40 are the same (for example, they are both severely congested), but the air interface signal quality of AP40 is higher than the air interface signal quality of AP30, Then STA10 decides to switch from AP30 to AP40.
  • the STA10 will not only evaluate the air interface signal quality of the first AP and the air interface signal quality of the second AP (for example, the received signal strength ndicator, In addition to RSSI), etc.), other parameters may also be evaluated to determine whether to switch from the first AP to the second AP.
  • the STA10 determines the air interface signal quality of the AP, reference may be made to the description in the prior art, which will not be repeated here.
  • the congestion level of the first AP is a reference index for the first electronic device to determine whether to switch the AP, but it is not the only index.
  • the method provided in this embodiment of the present application may further include: the first electronic device determines the second uplink of the second AP. Congestion level and status.
  • the manner in which the first electronic device determines the congestion level and status of the uplink of the second AP can be implemented with reference to the following manners 1 and 2:
  • the congestion level and status of the uplink of the second AP can be actively sent by the second AP to the first electronic device.
  • the second AP periodically sends a Beacon frame carrying an UpLink measurement report Element.
  • the beacon frame contains the second field.
  • the second field includes a field 21 and a field 22, and the field 21 is used to indicate the congestion level of the second uplink of the second AP.
  • Field 22 is used to indicate the state of the second uplink.
  • the first electronic device decides to switch from the first AP to the second AP, the latest determined congestion level of the second uplink is used as a reference.
  • the congestion level and state of the second uplink of the second AP may be requested by the first electronic device from the second AP. For example, if the first electronic device determines that the network identified by the SSID has a second AP in addition to the first AP, if the first electronic device does not have the congestion level of the uplink of the second AP, then The first electronic device may send a message for querying the congestion level and status of the uplink of the second AP to the second AP, and then the second AP sends the congestion level and status of the uplink of the second AP to the first electronic device .
  • the first electronic device can also decide to switch from the first AP to the second AP to avoid the problem of poor Internet access experience.
  • An embodiment of the present application provides a method for switching an access point.
  • a first electronic device acquires a first information element from a first AP accessed by the first electronic device. Then, the first electronic device determines the state of the first uplink according to the first information element, where the state of the first uplink is used to reflect whether the first uplink is in a normal state or an abnormal state, and congestion in the normal state grade. Therefore, the first electronic device can learn the congestion level or abnormal state of the uplink of the first AP in time.
  • the first electronic device may preferentially switch to an uplink state that is at least better than that of the first uplink In the second AP in the state of the road, problems such as network freezes are avoided, and the user's Internet experience is guaranteed.
  • the method provided by this embodiment of the present application further includes: the first electronic device sends a first response to the first AP, and correspondingly, the first An AP receives the first response from the first electronic device.
  • the first response indicates that the first electronic device receives the first message of the uplink of the first AP.
  • the first response is an action response frame.
  • the Action response frame indicates that the first electronic device receives the first message of the first AP.
  • action response frame packet parsing description is as follows:
  • TBD3 is the value of action Code
  • the current action message is the UpLink Measurement Report Response message (frame).
  • FIG. 5 shows another method for switching an access point according to an embodiment of the present application, and the method includes:
  • Step 501 The first AP sends a third message to the first electronic device.
  • the first electronic device receives the third message from the first AP.
  • the third message carries a third field.
  • the third field indicates that the first AP has the capability to measure the uplink of the first AP.
  • the first AP in this embodiment of the present application may actively send the third message to the first electronic device. For example, when the first AP determines that the first electronic device accesses the first AP, it sends the third message to the first electronic device. For example, the first AP periodically sends wireless network information to electronic devices within its coverage. For example, the first AP may periodically carry the third field in the beacon frame.
  • the first AP in the embodiment of the present application may send the third message to the first electronic device only based on the trigger of the first electronic device. For example, the first AP receives a request message from the first electronic device, where the request message is used to query whether the first AP has the capability of measuring the uplink of the first AP.
  • the third message is a first frame
  • the third field is located in the first frame
  • the first frame includes one or more of the following: a beacon frame, a probe response frame, and an association response frame.
  • the beacon frame, the probe response frame and the association response frame have second element information.
  • the third field is located in the second element information.
  • the second element information is the radio measurement (Radio Measurement, RM) enabling capability element (Enabled Capabilities Element) or the RM Capabilities element
  • the third field is located in the RM Enabled Capabilities Element or the RM Capabilities element.
  • the first AP identifies itself in the RM Enabled Capabilities Element (element ID is 70) of the beacon frame, the probe response frame and the association response frame to support the ability to measure the first uplink.
  • element ID is 70
  • RM Enabled Capabilities Element is used to define the 802.11k capability set supported by AP/STA, including 5 bytes and 40Bits capability flag bits.
  • This embodiment of the present application defines an UpLink Measurement flag in the RM Enabled Capabilities Element, and the setting indicates that the sender of the 802.11 management frame supports the ability to measure the uplink of the AP.
  • the UpLink Measurement flag can also be extended in the RM Capabilities element.
  • the UpLink Measurement flag is in the enabled (Enabled) state, indicating that the first AP has the ability to support the measurement of the first uplink.
  • the third field is UpLink Measurement, and the value of UpLink Measurement is Enabled.
  • the first electronic device in this embodiment of the present application may determine, according to the third field, that the first AP has the ability to measure the first uplink of the first AP.
  • the first electronic device obtains from the first AP that the first AP has the ability to measure the first uplink of the first AP as an example.
  • the first electronic device can also determine the first AP in other ways. Has the ability to measure the first uplink of the first AP.
  • the first electronic device may assume by default that its uplink is generally congested or not congested.
  • Step 502 The first electronic device sends a fourth message to the first AP.
  • the first AP receives the fourth message from the first electronic device.
  • the fourth message includes a fourth field, where the fourth field is used to indicate that the first electronic device has the capability of processing the uplink measurement report of the AP.
  • the first electronic device may actively send the fourth message to the first AP.
  • the first electronic device sends a fourth message to the first AP during the process of accessing the first AP.
  • the first electronic device finds that the first electronic device uses the first AP to access the network and is stuck (for example, the video playback is stuck) or cannot connect to the remote server, the first electronic device sends the first AP to the first electronic device.
  • a fourth message is sent.
  • the first electronic device may send a fourth message to the first AP based on the trigger of the first AP. For example, the first electronic device receives a query message from the first AP, where the query message is used to query whether the first electronic device supports the capability of processing the uplink of the AP. For example, when the first electronic device receives the third message, it may send the fourth message to the first AP.
  • the fourth message is a second element frame
  • the fourth field is located in the second element frame
  • the second element frame includes one or more of a probe request frame and an association request frame.
  • the probe request frame and the association request frame have the RM Enabled Capabilities Element or the RM Capabilities element, and the fourth field is located in the RM Enabled Capabilities Element or the RM Capabilities element.
  • the first electronic device identifies in the RM Enabled Capabilities Element of the probe request frame and the association request frame that the first electronic device supports the ability to process the AP uplink measurement.
  • the “AP” in the capability of the first electronic device to process the uplink of the AP may specifically refer to, that is, the first AP, indicating that the first electronic device has the ability to process the uplink of the first AP ability of the road.
  • the “AP” in the ability of the first electronic device to process the uplink of the AP may refer to a general term. In this case, it means that the first electronic device not only has the ability to process the uplink of the first AP It also has the ability to handle the uplink of other APs except the first AP.
  • step 501 and step 502 in this embodiment of the present application are executed in no particular order.
  • the first electronic device when the first AP determines that the first electronic device has the ability to process the uplink of the first AP, the first electronic device learns that the first AP has the ability to measure the first AP.
  • the method provided by this embodiment of the present application may further include:
  • Step 503 The first electronic device sends a fifth message to the first AP.
  • the first AP receives the fifth message from the first electronic device.
  • the fifth message is used to request the status of the uplink of the first AP.
  • the first electronic device in the embodiment of the present application may, when it is found that the first electronic device uses the first AP to access the network and is stuck (for example, the video playback is stuck) or cannot connect to the remote server, the An electronic device sends a fifth message to the first AP.
  • the first electronic device in the embodiment of the present application may periodically send the fifth message to the first AP according to a preset period.
  • the fifth message includes a fifth field, where the fifth field is used to request the uplink status of the first AP.
  • the fifth message may be an action request frame.
  • a Category Code of UpLink measurement is defined in the action request frame: TBD 1 (for example, 16), a measurement type of UpLink measurement request is extended under the Category of UpLink measurement, and the corresponding Action Code value is TBD2, in other words, the fifth field is TBD2.
  • the fifth message may further carry an element of SSID, indicating that the packet loss rate of the AP's uplink and downlink queues related to the specified SSID on the first AP is to be queried.
  • the fifth message if it does not carry the element of the SSID, it means to query the packet loss rate of the AP's uplink and downlink queues related to the SSID accessed by the first electronic device on the first AP.
  • the APs associated with the SSID include the first AP.
  • Steps 504 to 505 are the same as steps 401 to 402, and are not repeated here.
  • the first AP if the first AP receives the fifth message of the first electronic device, the first AP obtains the detection result of the latest periodic (for example, 1 min) detection task, or the detection result based on the fifth message. Trigger to generate a short-period test task in time, after completing the test, respond to the fifth message from the first electronic device, and feed back the uplink measurement result to the first electronic device by carrying the extended uplink measurement report element in the action response frame Electronic equipment.
  • the latest periodic for example, 1 min
  • TBD 1 for example, 16
  • TBD2 the corresponding request Action value
  • TBD3 the corresponding response Action The value is TBD3.
  • UpLink measurement report Element Element ID is TBD4.
  • Element ID is TBD4.
  • the uplink measurement report element can also be extended in the Vendor specific IE in the specific implementation.
  • the implementation reference is as follows:
  • Step 506 is the same as step 403 and will not be repeated here.
  • Step 507 The first electronic device sends a sixth message to the first AP, and correspondingly, the first AP receives the sixth message from the first electronic device.
  • the sixth message is used to query the information of the neighbor AP accessing the SSID.
  • step 506 when the first electronic device determines, according to the first indication information, that the congestion level of the uplink of the first AP is greater than or equal to the preset congestion level, step 506 is performed. It can be understood that, in the case that the first electronic device has the information of the neighbor APs accessing the SSID, steps 506 and 507 may be omitted.
  • the sixth message may be the action request message of the neighbor report.
  • the action request message of the neighbor report carries the SSID.
  • Step 508 The first AP sends a sixth response message to the first electronic device.
  • the first electronic device receives the sixth response message from the first AP.
  • the sixth response message includes information of the second AP.
  • the information of the second AP may be the MAC address of the second AP.
  • the sixth response message may be the action response message of the neighbor report.
  • Step 509 The first electronic device determines the congestion level and state of the second uplink of the second AP.
  • step 509 For the specific implementation of step 509, reference may be made to the descriptions of the foregoing manners 1 and 2, and details are not repeated here.
  • Step 510 the congestion level of the second uplink is lower than (or smaller than) the congestion level of the first uplink, or, the congestion level of the second uplink is the same as the congestion level of the first uplink, but the second
  • the air interface signal quality of the AP is higher than the air interface signal quality of the first AP, and the first electronic device preferentially switches from the first AP to the second AP.
  • the method provided by the embodiment of the present application may further include: the first electronic device sends prompt information, where the prompt information is used to prompt the first AP The state of the first uplink.
  • the embodiments described in FIGS. 4 and 5 can be applied to the above scenario 1, that is, in conjunction with FIG. 1 , the first electronic device is STA10, the first AP is AP30, and the second AP is AP40, and the AP30 and AP40 are deployed in place A.
  • Wi-Fi overlaps and covers site A.
  • a user uses STA10 to surf the Internet at site A.
  • AP30, AP40, and STA10 all support the AP uplink measurement capability.
  • Both AP30 and AP40 are configured with a periodic uplink detection task of 1 min.
  • the STA10 initially accesses the AP30 and has completed the notification negotiation of the uplink measurement capability with the AP30.
  • the STA10 After that, the STA10 starts to access the cloud multimedia server Server through the AP30 to watch the video.
  • the Internet traffic increases, and the bandwidth of the upstream port of the AP30 is insufficient, and packet loss begins to occur.
  • Video playback on the AP30 freezes. But the AP30's Wi-Fi signal is still good. If at this time, STA10 determines that the uplink of AP30 is congested, but the uplink of AP40 is normal (no congestion), then STA10 switches from AP30 to AP40 to access the cloud multimedia server Server to watch videos.
  • FIG. 6 shows a method for accessing an access point provided by an embodiment of the present application, and the method includes:
  • Step 601 Each AP in the plurality of APs sends a second message.
  • the first electronic device receives the second message from each AP in the plurality of APs.
  • the second message includes a second field, and the second field indicates the information of the AP.
  • Status of the uplink The state of the uplink of the AP includes: a normal state and a congestion level, or the state of the uplink of the AP includes an abnormal state.
  • the plurality of APs include a first AP.
  • the first electronic device is located within the network coverage range served by the multiple APs.
  • the second message may be a beacon frame carrying the UpLink measurement report Element.
  • AP1 can send a beacon frame carrying an UpLink measurement report Element to indicate the status of the uplink of AP1.
  • AP2 may send a beacon frame carrying an UpLink measurement report Element to indicate the status of AP2's uplink.
  • Step 602 The first electronic device preferentially selects the first AP to access according to the second message.
  • the congestion level of the uplink of the first AP is the lowest among the multiple APs.
  • the first electronic device has not yet accessed the first AP and the second AP, and the first AP is AP1 and the second AP is AP2 as an example
  • the first electronic device finds that the uplink of AP2 is congested (for example, the congestion level is severe congestion or general congestion), while the uplink of AP1 is not congested (for example, the congestion level is no congestion), which makes even the Wi-
  • the signal strength of the Fi air interface is slightly higher than that of AP1, and the first electronic device also actively selects the corresponding hotspot to preferentially access AP1, so as to avoid the problem of poor Internet experience after access.
  • the congestion level of the uplink of the first AP is lower than or equal to a preset congestion level.
  • the first electronic device has not yet accessed the first AP and the second AP, and the first AP is AP1 and the second AP is AP2 as an example
  • the first electronic device finds that the uplink of AP2 is congested (for example, the congestion level is severe congestion), while the uplink of AP1 is not congested (for example, the congestion level is normal congestion or no congestion), assuming that the preset congestion level is normal Congestion level, so that even if the Wi-Fi air interface signal strength of AP2 is slightly higher than that of AP1, the first electronic device will actively choose to preferentially access the corresponding hotspot of AP1, thereby avoiding the problem of poor Internet experience after access.
  • the congestion level of the first uplink of the first AP is the lowest among multiple APs, and the air interface quality of the first AP is higher than the preset air interface signal quality.
  • the congestion level of the first uplink of the first AP in the embodiment of the present application is the same as the congestion level of the second uplink of the second AP in the multiple APs, but the air interface quality of the first AP is higher than the preset Air interface signal quality.
  • the congestion level of the first uplink of the first AP in the embodiment of the present application is the same as the congestion level of the second uplink of the second AP in the multiple APs, and the air interface quality of both is higher than the predetermined level. Set the air interface quality, and the number of electronic devices connected to the first AP is lower than the preset number threshold.
  • the user views the first electronic device through the first electronic device In the accessible networks in the first area, if the user finds that network 1 and network 2 exist in the first area, network 1 is the network covered by AP40, and network 2 is the network covered by AP30. If the user selects network 1 to access, the first electronic device can display the information shown in Figure 8 on its display interface to remind the user of the congestion level of the uplink state of the AP 30 corresponding to the network 1, and access is not recommended. Or directly choose to access other non-congested APs corresponding to the SSID. It should be noted that if the user insists on accessing the network 1, the first electronic device may access the AP 30 based on the user's instruction.
  • the first electronic device before the first electronic device accesses the first AP, if the first electronic device receives the status of the uplink of each of the multiple APs, the first electronic device The device can use the uplink status of each AP as a reference for accessing APs, such as preferential access to APs with no uplink congestion or preferential access to APs with lower congestion levels. Not limited.
  • the first electronic device may also choose to access the first AP in a manner other than the embodiment shown in FIG. 6 , for example, when the first electronic device is located in a certain network range, although the first electronic device At this time, the electronic device does not know the uplink status of each AP within the network range, but the first electronic device can randomly access an AP based on the user's selection, then the AP is the first AP.
  • the embodiment shown in FIG. 6 may be applicable to a scenario before the first electronic device is not connected to the first AP.
  • the embodiment shown in FIG. 6 can be combined with the embodiments shown in FIGS. 4 and 5 .
  • steps 601 to 602 may be further included before step 401 and step 501 described in the embodiments shown in FIG. 4 and FIG. 5 .
  • the method provided by the embodiment of the present application also further It may include: the first electronic device sends prompt information, where the prompt information is used to prompt the user that the uplink of the first AP is congested or abnormal, and access is not recommended.
  • each network element such as the first electronic device, the first access point, etc.
  • each network element includes corresponding structures and/or software modules for performing each function.
  • the present application can be implemented in hardware or a combination of hardware and computer software with the units and algorithm steps of each example described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein. Whether a function is performed by hardware or computer software driving hardware depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Skilled artisans may implement the described functionality using different methods for each particular application, but such implementations should not be considered beyond the scope of this application.
  • the first electronic device and the first access point may be classified according to the foregoing method.
  • each functional unit may be divided corresponding to each function, or two or more functions may be integrated into one in the processing unit.
  • the above-mentioned integrated units may be implemented in the form of hardware, or may be implemented in the form of software functional units. It should be noted that the division of units in the embodiments of the present application is illustrative, and is only a logical function division, and other division methods may be used in actual implementation.
  • FIG. 9 shows the communication device involved in the above-mentioned embodiment, and the communication device may include: a communication module 913 and a processing module 912 .
  • the communication device may further include a storage module 911 for storing program codes and data of the communication device.
  • the communication apparatus is a first electronic device, or a chip applied in the first electronic device.
  • the communication module 913 is used to support the communication device to communicate with an external network element (eg, the first access point).
  • the communication module 913 is configured to perform the signal transceiving operation of the first electronic device in the foregoing method embodiment.
  • the processing module 912 is configured to perform the signal processing operation of the first electronic device in the above method embodiments.
  • the communication module 913 is configured to perform the receiving action performed by the first electronic device in step 403 of FIG. 4 in the foregoing embodiment.
  • the processing module 912 is configured to support the communication device to perform steps 404 and 405 in FIG. 4 .
  • the communication module 913 is configured to perform the receiving action performed by the first electronic device in step 501 of FIG.
  • the processing module 912 is configured to support the communication device to perform step 508, step 509 and step 510 in FIG. 5 .
  • the communication module 913 is configured to perform the receiving action performed by the first electronic device in step 601 of FIG. 6 in the foregoing embodiment.
  • the processing module 912 is configured to support the communication device to perform step 602 in FIG. 6 .
  • the communication device is a first access point, or a chip applied in the first access point.
  • the communication module 913 is used to support the communication device to communicate with an external network element (eg, the first electronic device).
  • the communication module 913 is configured to perform the signal transceiving operation of the first access point in the foregoing method embodiment.
  • the processing module 912 is configured to perform the signal processing operation of the first access point in the foregoing method embodiment.
  • the communication module 913 is configured to perform the sending action performed by the first access point in step 403 of FIG. 4 in the foregoing embodiment.
  • the processing module 912 is configured to support the communication device to perform steps 401 and 402 in FIG. 4 .
  • the communication module 913 is configured to perform the sending action performed by the first access point in step 501 and step 507 of FIG. 5 in the foregoing embodiment.
  • the communication module 913 is further configured to perform the receiving actions performed by the first access point in step 502, step 503 and step 506 of FIG. 5 in the above embodiment.
  • the communication module 913 is configured to perform the sending action performed by the first access point in step 601 of FIG. 6 in the foregoing embodiment.
  • the processing module 912 may be a processor or a controller, such as a central processing unit, a general-purpose processor, a digital signal processor, an application-specific integrated circuit, a field programmable gate array, or other programmable logic devices, transistor logic devices, hardware components or any combination thereof. It may implement or execute the various exemplary logical blocks, modules and circuits described in connection with this disclosure.
  • a processor may also be a combination that performs computing functions, such as a combination comprising one or more microprocessors, a combination of a digital signal processor and a microprocessor, and the like.
  • the communication module may be a transceiver, a transceiver circuit, or a communication interface.
  • the storage module may be a memory.
  • FIG. 10 shows the communication apparatus involved in the above embodiment, and the communication apparatus may include: a communication unit 1013 and a processing unit 1012 .
  • the communication device may further include a storage unit 1011 for storing program codes and data of the communication device.
  • the communication apparatus is a first electronic device, or a chip applied in the first electronic device.
  • the communication unit 1013 is used to support the communication device to communicate with an external network element (eg, the first access point).
  • the communication unit 1013 is configured to perform the signal transceiving operation of the first electronic device in the above method embodiment.
  • the processing unit 1012 is configured to perform the signal processing operation of the first electronic device in the above method embodiments.
  • the communication unit 1013 is configured to perform the receiving action performed by the first electronic device in step 403 of FIG. 4 in the foregoing embodiment.
  • the processing unit 1012 is configured to support the communication device to perform steps 404 and 405 in FIG. 4 .
  • the communication unit 1013 is configured to perform the receiving action performed by the first electronic device in step 501 in FIG.
  • the processing unit 1012 is configured to support the communication device to perform step 508, step 509 and step 510 in FIG. 5 .
  • the communication unit 1013 is configured to perform the receiving action performed by the first electronic device in step 601 of FIG. 6 in the above-mentioned embodiment.
  • the processing unit 1012 is configured to support the communication device to perform step 602 in FIG. 6 .
  • the communication device is a first access point, or a chip applied in the first access point.
  • the communication unit 1013 is used to support the communication device to communicate with an external network element (eg, the first electronic device).
  • the communication unit 1013 is configured to perform the signal transceiving operation of the first access point in the foregoing method embodiment.
  • the processing unit 1012 is configured to perform the signal processing operation of the first access point in the foregoing method embodiment.
  • the communication unit 1013 is configured to perform the sending action performed by the first access point in step 403 of FIG. 4 in the foregoing embodiment.
  • the processing unit 1012 is configured to support the communication device to perform steps 401 and 402 in FIG. 4 .
  • the communication unit 1013 is configured to perform the sending action performed by the first access point in step 501 and step 507 of FIG. 5 in the foregoing embodiment.
  • the communication unit 1013 is further configured to perform the receiving operations performed by the first access point in step 502, step 503 and step 506 of FIG. 5 in the above-mentioned embodiment.
  • the communication unit 1013 is configured to perform the sending action performed by the first access point in step 601 of FIG. 6 in the foregoing embodiment.
  • the first access point involved in the present application may be the communication device shown in FIG. 3 .
  • the communication device is a first access point, or a chip applied in the first access point.
  • the communication interface 303 is used to support the communication device to communicate with an external network element (eg, the first electronic device).
  • the communication interface 303 is configured to perform the signal transceiving operation of the first access point in the foregoing method embodiment.
  • the processor 301 and the processor 305 are configured to perform the signal processing operation of the first access point in the foregoing method embodiment.
  • the communication interface 303 is configured to perform the sending action performed by the first access point in step 403 of FIG. 4 in the foregoing embodiment.
  • the processor 301 and the processor 305 are configured to support the communication device to perform step 401 and step 402 in FIG. 4 .
  • the communication interface 303 is configured to perform the sending action performed by the first access point in step 501 and step 507 of FIG. 5 in the foregoing embodiment.
  • the communication interface 303 is further configured to perform the receiving actions performed by the first access point in step 502, step 503 and step 506 of FIG. 5 in the above embodiment.
  • the communication interface 303 is configured to perform the sending action performed by the first access point in step 601 of FIG. 6 in the above-mentioned embodiment.
  • the first electronic device involved in the present application may be the electronic device shown in FIG. 2 .
  • the above-mentioned processing unit 1012 or processing module 912 may be integrated in the processor 210 .
  • the storage unit 1011 or the storage module 913 may be integrated in the internal memory 221 .
  • the communication unit 1013 or the communication module 911 may be integrated in the wireless communication module 260 .
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of a chip 110 provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the chip 110 includes one or more (including two) processors 1110 and a communication interface 1130 .
  • the chip 110 further includes a memory 1140, and the memory 1140 may include read-only memory and random access memory, and provides operation instructions and data to the processor 1110.
  • a portion of memory 1140 may also include non-volatile random access memory (NVRAM).
  • NVRAM non-volatile random access memory
  • the memory 1140 stores the following elements, execution modules or data structures, or a subset thereof, or an extended set thereof.
  • the corresponding operation is performed by calling the operation instruction stored in the memory 1140 (the operation instruction may be stored in the operating system).
  • the structures of the first electronic device and the first access point are similar, and different devices may use different chips to implement their respective functions.
  • the processor 1110 controls the processing operation of any one of the first electronic device and the first access point, and the processor 1110 may also be referred to as a central processing unit (central processing unit, CPU).
  • CPU central processing unit
  • Memory 1140 may include read-only memory and random access memory, and provides instructions and data to processor 1110 .
  • a portion of memory 1140 may also include NVRAM.
  • the memory 1140, the communication interface 1130, and the memory 1140 are coupled together through the bus system 1120, wherein the bus system 1120 may include a power bus, a control bus, a status signal bus, and the like in addition to a data bus.
  • the various buses are labeled as bus system 1120 in FIG. 11 .
  • the methods disclosed in the above embodiments of the present application may be applied to the processor 1110 or implemented by the processor 1110 .
  • the processor 1110 may be an integrated circuit chip with signal processing capability. In the implementation process, each step of the above-mentioned method can be completed by an integrated logic circuit of hardware in the processor 1110 or an instruction in the form of software.
  • the above-mentioned processor 1110 may be a general-purpose processor, a digital signal processing (DSP), an ASIC, an off-the-shelf programmable gate array (field-programmable gate array, FPGA) or other programmable logic devices, discrete gates or transistors Logic devices, discrete hardware components.
  • DSP digital signal processing
  • FPGA field-programmable gate array
  • the methods, steps, and logic block diagrams disclosed in the embodiments of this application can be implemented or executed.
  • a general purpose processor may be a microprocessor or the processor may be any conventional processor or the like.
  • the steps of the method disclosed in conjunction with the embodiments of the present application may be directly embodied as executed by a hardware decoding processor, or executed by a combination of hardware and software modules in the decoding processor.
  • the software modules may be located in random access memory, flash memory, read-only memory, programmable read-only memory or electrically erasable programmable memory, registers and other storage media mature in the art.
  • the storage medium is located in the memory 1140, and the processor 1110 reads the information in the memory 1140, and completes the steps of the above method in combination with its hardware.
  • the communication interface 1130 is configured to perform the steps of receiving and sending the first electronic device in the embodiments shown in FIG. 4 to FIG. 6 .
  • the processor 1110 is configured to execute the processing steps of the first electronic device in the embodiments shown in FIG. 4 to FIG. 6 .
  • the communication interface 1130 is configured to perform the steps of receiving and sending the first access point in the embodiments shown in FIG. 4 to FIG. 6 .
  • the processor 1110 is configured to execute the steps of processing the first access point in the embodiments shown in FIG. 4 to FIG. 6 .
  • the above communication module may be a communication interface of the device for receiving signals from other devices.
  • the communication module is a communication interface used by the chip to receive or transmit signals from other chips or devices.
  • a computer-readable storage medium in which instructions are stored, and when the instructions are executed, the functions performed by the first electronic device as shown in FIG. 4 to FIG. 6 are implemented.
  • a computer program product including instructions.
  • the computer program product includes instructions. When the instructions are executed, the functions performed by the first access point as shown in FIG. 4 to FIG. 6 are implemented.
  • a chip is provided, the chip is applied in the first electronic device, the chip includes at least one processor and a communication interface, the communication interface is coupled with the at least one processor, and the processor is used for running instructions to realize as shown in FIG. 6 by The function performed by the first electronic device.
  • a chip is provided, the chip is applied in the first electronic device, the chip includes at least one processor and a communication interface, the communication interface is coupled with the at least one processor, and the processor is used for running instructions to realize as shown in FIG. 6 by The function performed by the first access point.
  • An embodiment of the present application provides a communication system, where the communication system includes: a first electronic device and a first access point.
  • the first electronic device is configured to perform the functions performed by the first electronic device as shown in FIGS. 4 to 6
  • the first access point is configured to perform the functions performed by the first AP as shown in FIGS. 4 to 6 .
  • the above-mentioned embodiments it may be implemented in whole or in part by software, hardware, firmware or any combination thereof.
  • software it can be implemented in whole or in part in the form of a computer program product.
  • the computer program product includes one or more computer programs or instructions.
  • the processes or functions described in the embodiments of the present application are executed in whole or in part.
  • the computer may be a general purpose computer, a special purpose computer, a computer network, network equipment, user equipment, or other programmable apparatus.
  • the computer program or instructions may be stored in a computer-readable storage medium or transmitted from one computer-readable storage medium to another computer-readable storage medium, for example, the computer program or instructions may be downloaded from a website site, computer, A server or data center transmits by wire or wireless to another website site, computer, server or data center.
  • the computer-readable storage medium may be any available medium that can be accessed by a computer, or a data storage device such as a server, data center, or the like that integrates one or more available media.
  • the usable medium can be a magnetic medium, such as a floppy disk, a hard disk, and a magnetic tape; it can also be an optical medium, such as a digital video disc (DVD); it can also be a semiconductor medium, such as a solid state drive (solid state drive). , SSD).
  • a magnetic medium such as a floppy disk, a hard disk, and a magnetic tape
  • an optical medium such as a digital video disc (DVD)
  • DVD digital video disc
  • it can also be a semiconductor medium, such as a solid state drive (solid state drive). , SSD).

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Abstract

本申请实施例提供一种切换接入点的方法、装置及系统，涉及通信技术领域，用以使得电子设备能够感知其接入的接入点的上行链路的拥塞等级，以便优先选择上行链路质量优的接入点进行切换，以恢复上网体验的问题。该方案应用于接入第一接入点的第一电子设备中，包括：接收来自第一接入点的包括第一信息元素的第一消息。第一信息元素用于指示第一接入点的第一上行链路的状态，第一上行链路的状态包括第一上行链路处于正常状态时的拥塞等级，或者异常状态；确定第一上行链路的拥塞等级大于或等于第一预设拥塞等级，或者第一上行链路的状态为异常状态；优先从第一接入点切换至第二接入点。

Description

一种切换接入点的方法、装置及系统
本申请要求于2020年08月28日提交国家知识产权局、申请号为202010893246.1、申请名称为“一种切换接入点的方法、装置及系统”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请实施例涉及通信技术领域，尤其涉及一种切换接入点的方法、装置及系统。
背景技术
随着各种移动、固定、手持智能终端的普及，人们对移动数据需求量出现爆发性的增长，导致无论是蜂窝网还是无线局域网(wireless local area network，WLAN)都不断通过采用新技术、新方案等手段进行网络的扩容和升级换代。由于WLAN系统采用非授权(unlicensed)频谱而具有成本低的优势，尽管WLAN系统适用于室内或热点地区场景而具有移动性差及干扰严重的缺点，无线保真(wireless fidelity，Wi-Fi)作为WLAN还是被广大运营商、设备商、企事业单位作为室内、热点、企业、家庭数据分流(Offloading)的重要手段。
电气电子工程师协会(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers，IEEE)颁布了与无线联网有关的各种行业规范，其中的许多行业规范以“IEEE802.11X标准”名称来指定。IEEE802.11X标准为无线局域网如何实现无线信道的无线电频率(radio frequency，RF)测量和无线资源管理(radio resource management，RRM)，定义的一套媒体介入控制层(medium access control，MAC)层和物理(physical，PHY)层的规范，可以让频段、通道、载波等更智能动态地调整、调度，从而提高无线保真(Wireless-Fidelity，Wi-Fi)的运行和管理效能。
目前站点(station)可以通过接入点(access point，AP)访问网络，目前将station上网体验劣化的因素定位为：空口信号差(例如信号强度弱、干扰验证等)，因此AP会将上行链路的连通(UP)/断开(down)状态(例如物理WAN接口down，或瘦AP和AC断链)和空口状态关联。比如，当AP的上行链路处于down状态时关闭空口，禁止station接入，并迫使已经接入该AP的station切换连接其他AP，在AP的上行链路处于UP状态时，开启空口。
由于AP的上行链路处于down状态时，表示该AP的上行链路出现故障，因此需要禁止station连接到该AP，故上述方案可以解决在上行链路出现故障彻底不可用的故障场景下station上网体验问题。但是，空口信号差并非导致station上网体验差的唯一因素，比如，空口信号质量大于或等于预设空口质量的情况下，依然会存在Station上网体验差的问题。在这种情况下，如果决策station快速切换接入一个相邻的AP是亟需解决的问题。
发明内容
本申请实施例提供一种切换接入点的方法、装置及系统，用以使得电子设备能够感知其接入的接入点的上行链路的拥塞等级，以便优先选择上行链路质量优的接入点 进行切换，以恢复上网体验的问题。
为达到上述目的，本申请采用如下技术方案：
第一方面，本申请实施例提供一种切换接入点的方法，本申请实施例提供的方法包括：第一电子设备接收来自第一接入点的包括第一信息元素的第一消息。第一信息元素用于指示第一接入点的第一上行链路的状态，第一上行链路的状态包括第一上行链路处于正常状态时的拥塞等级，或者异常状态，第一电子设备接入第一接入点。其中，第一电子设备具有处理接入点的上行链路测量报告的能力，第一接入点具有测量上行链路的能力。第一电子设备确定第一上行链路的拥塞等级大于或等于第一预设拥塞等级，或者第一上行链路的状态为异常状态。第一电子设备优先从第一接入点切换至第二接入点。其中，第二接入点的第二上行链路的状态至少优于第一上行链路的状态，第一接入点和第二接入点具有相同的第一服务集标识，第一电子设备通过第一服务集标识访问网络。
本申请实施例提供一种切换接入点的方法，该方法中由于第一电子设备具有处理接入点的上行链路测量报告的能力，第一接入点具有测量上行链路的能力，因此第一电子设备可以从第一接入点处获取用于确定第一上行链路的状态的第一信息元素，该第一上行链路的状态用于反映第一上行链路处于正常状态还是异常状态，以及在正常状态时的拥塞等级。因此，第一电子设备能够及时获知第一接入点的上行链路的拥塞等级或者异常状态。在第一上行链路的拥塞等级大于或等于第一预设拥塞等级或者第一上行链路为异常状态时，第一电子设备可以优先选择切换到上行链路的状态至少优于第一上行链路的状态的第二接入点中，从而避免了网络卡顿等问题，保障了用户的上网体验。
在一种可能的实现方式中，第一电子设备确定第一上行链路的拥塞等级大于或等于第一预设拥塞等级，第一电子设备也可以选择继续接入第一接入点。由于切换接入点时，第一电子设备还需要与第二接入点建立通信链路，导致第一电子设备再和第二接入点未成功建立通信链路的时间段内第一电子设备不能访问网络，因此虽然上行链路发生拥塞但是不进行接入点切换可以保证第一电子设备利用第一接入点访问网络的连续性。
在一种可能的实现方式中，第一信息元素中包括第一字段。其中，第一字段用于指示第一上行链路的状态。
在一种可能的实现方式中，第二上行链路的状态为正常状态；或者，第二上行链路的拥塞等级低于第一上行链路的拥塞等级。或者，第二上行链路的拥塞等级与第一上行链路的拥塞等级相同，但是第二接入点的空口信号质量高于第一接入点的空口信号质量。这样可以保证第一电子设备接入上行链路质量优的接入点中，从而保证第一电子设备访问网络的体验。
在一种可能的实现方式中，在第一电子设备还未接入所述第一接入点的情况下，第一电子设备接收来自第一接入点的第一消息之前，本申请实施例提供的方法还包括：第一电子设备接收来自多个接入点中每个接入点的第二消息。第二消息包括第二字段，其中，第二字段用于指示接入点的上行链路的状态，任一个接入点的上行链路的状态 包括任一个接入点的上行链路处于正常状态时的拥塞等级，或者异常状态，多个接入点包括第一接入点。第一电子设备根据第二消息，优先选择接入第一接入点。在第一电子设备未接入第一接入点之前，第一电子设备通过接收每个接入点的第二消息可以使得第一电子设备在选择接入点时优先选择上行链路质量优的接入点(比如第一接入点)，从而保证第一电子设备接入第一接入点之后的上网体验。
在一种可能的实现方式中，第一电子设备根据第二消息，优先选择接入第一接入点，包括：第一电子设备确定用户指示接入多个接入点中的第三接入点。在第三接入点的上行链路的拥塞等级大于或等于预设拥塞等级，或者第三接入点的上行链路处于异常状态的情况下，第一电子设备发送提示信息，或者，第一电子设备选择接入第一接入点。通过发送提示信息便于用户知晓第三接入点的上行链路的状态，从而用户在选择接入点时可以参考第一电子设备提供的提示信息。
在一种可能的实现方式中，第二消息包括信标帧或探测响应帧，第二字段位于信标帧或探测响应帧中。
在一种可能的实现方式中，信标帧或探测响应帧中包括第一信息元素，第二字段位于第一信息元素中。
在一种可能的实现方式中，第一电子设备接收来自第一接入点的第一消息之前，本申请实施例提供的方法还包括：第一电子设备接收来自第一接入点的第三消息，第三消息中携带第三字段，第三字段指示第一接入点具有测量上行链路的能力。这样便于第一电子设备确定第一接入点具有测量上行链路的能力。
在一种可能的实现方式中，第三消息包括第一帧，第三字段位于第一帧中。第一帧包括以下中的一个或多个：信标帧、探测响应帧和关联响应帧。
在一种可能的实现方式中，第一帧中具有第二信息元素，比如，信标帧、探测响应帧和关联响应帧中具有第二元素信息。第三字段位于第二元素信息中。
在一种可能的实现方式中，本申请实施例提供的方法在第一电子设备接收来自第一接入点的第一消息之前，还包括：第一电子设备向第一接入点发送第四消息，第四消息中包括第四字段，第四字段用于指示所述第一电子设备具有处理接入点的上行链路测量报告的能力。
在一种可能的实现方式中，第四消息包括第二元素帧，所述第四字段位于所述第二元素帧中，所述第二元素帧包括探测请求帧和关联响应帧中的一个或多个。
在一种可能的实现方式中，探测请求帧和关联响应帧中具有第三信息元素，所述第四字段位于表示所述第三信息元素中。
在一种可能的实现方式中，在第一电子设备接收来自第一接入点的第一消息之前，本申请实施例提供的方法还包括：第一电子设备向第一接入点发送第五消息，第五消息用于请求第一上行链路的状态。
第二方面，本申请实施例提供一种切换接入点的方法，包括：第一接入点检测第一接入点的第一上行链路的丢包率，第一接入点具有测量上行链路的能力。第一接入点根据第一接入点的上行链路的丢包率确定第一上行链路的拥塞等级。第一接入点向第一电子设备发送包括第一信息元素的第一消息。第一信息元素用于指示第一接入点 的第一上行链路的状态，所述第一上行链路的状态包括所述第一上行链路处于正常状态时的拥塞等级，或者异常状态，所述第一电子设备接入所述第一接入点，所述第一电子设备具有处理接入点的上行链路测量报告的能力。
在一种可能的实现方式中，第一信息元素中包括第一字段，其中，所述第一字段用于指示所述第一上行链路的状态。
在一种可能的实现方式中，第一接入点根据所述第一接入点的上行链路的丢包率确定第一上行链路的拥塞等级之前，本申请实施例提供的方法还包括：第一接入点向第一电子设备发送携带第三字段的第三消息。第三字段指示第一接入点具有测量第一上行链路的能力。
在一种可能的实现方式中，第三消息包括第一帧，第三字段位于所述第一帧中，第一帧包括以下中的一个或多个：信标帧、探测响应帧和关联响应帧。
在一种可能的实现方式中，第一接入点根据所述第一接入点的上行链路的丢包率确定第一上行链路的拥塞等级之前，本申请实施例提供的方法还包括：第一接入点接收来自第一电子设备的包括第四字段的第四消息，第四字段用于指示第一电子设备具有处理第一接入点的上行链路的能力。
在一种可能的实现方式中，第四消息包括第二元素帧，第四字段位于第二元素帧中，第二元素帧包括探测请求帧和关联请求帧中的一个或多个。
在一种可能的实现方式中，第一接入点根据所述第一接入点的上行链路的丢包率确定第一上行链路的拥塞等级之前，本申请实施例提供的方法还包括：第一接入点接收来自第一电子设备的第五消息，所述第五消息用于请求第一接入点的上行链路的状态。
第三方面，本申请实施例提供一种通信装置，该通信装置可以实现第一方面或第一方面的任意可能的实现方式中的方法，因此也能实现第一方面或第一方面任意可能的实现方式中的有益效果。该通信装置可以为第一电子设备，也可以为支持第一电子设备实现第一方面或第一方面的任意可能的实现方式中的方法的装置，例如应用于第一电子设备中的芯片。该通信装置可以通过软件、硬件、或者通过硬件执行相应的软件实现上述方法。
一种示例，本申请实施例提供一种通信装置，该通信装置可以为第一电子设备，也可以为应用于第一电子设备中的芯片，该通信装置包括：通信单元，用于接收来自第一接入点的包括第一信息元素的第一消息。第一信息元素用于指示第一接入点的第一上行链路的状态，第一上行链路的状态包括第一上行链路处于正常状态时的拥塞等级，或者异常状态，第一电子设备接入第一接入点。其中，第一电子设备具有处理接入点的上行链路测量报告的能力，第一接入点具有测量上行链路的能力。处理单元，用于确定第一上行链路的拥塞等级大于或等于第一预设拥塞等级，或者第一上行链路的状态为异常状态。处理单元，还用于优先从第一接入点切换至第二接入点。其中，第二接入点的第二上行链路的状态至少优于第一上行链路的状态，第一接入点和第二接入点具有相同的第一服务集标识，第一电子设备通过第一服务集标识访问网络。
在一种可能的实现方式中，处理单元，还用于确定第一上行链路的拥塞等级大于 或等于第一预设拥塞等级，选择继续接入第一接入点。
在一种可能的实现方式中，第一信息元素中包括第一字段。其中，第一字段用于指示第一上行链路的状态。
在一种可能的实现方式中，第二上行链路的状态为正常状态；或者，第二上行链路的拥塞等级低于第一上行链路的拥塞等级。或者，第二上行链路的拥塞等级与第一上行链路的拥塞等级相同，但是第二接入点的空口信号质量高于第一接入点的空口信号质量。这样可以保证第一电子设备接入上行链路质量优的接入点中，从而保证第一电子设备访问网络的体验。
在一种可能的实现方式中，在第一电子设备还未接入所述第一接入点的情况下，通信单元，还用于接收来自多个接入点中每个接入点的第二消息。第二消息包括第二字段，其中，第二字段用于指示接入点的上行链路的状态，任一个接入点的上行链路的状态包括任一个接入点的上行链路处于正常状态时的拥塞等级，或者异常状态，多个接入点包括第一接入点。处理单元，还用于根据第二消息，优先选择接入第一接入点。
在一种可能的实现方式中，处理单元，用于确定用户指示接入多个接入点中的第三接入点。在第三接入点的上行链路的拥塞等级大于或等于预设拥塞等级，或者第三接入点的上行链路处于异常状态的情况下，处理单元，用于发送提示信息(比如，处理单元用于在第一电子设备的显示屏上显示提示信息)，或者，处理单元，用于选择接入第一接入点。
在一种可能的实现方式中，第二消息包括信标帧或探测响应帧，第二字段位于信标帧或探测响应帧中。
在一种可能的实现方式中，信标帧或探测响应帧中包括第一信息元素，第二字段位于第一信息元素中。
在一种可能的实现方式中，通信单元，还用于接收来自第一接入点的第三消息，第三消息中携带第三字段，第三字段指示第一接入点具有测量上行链路的能力。
在一种可能的实现方式中，第三消息包括第一帧，第三字段位于第一帧中。第一帧包括以下中的一个或多个：信标帧、探测响应帧和关联响应帧。
在一种可能的实现方式中，第一帧中具有第二信息元素，比如，信标帧、探测响应帧和关联响应帧中具有第二元素信息。第三字段位于第二元素信息中。
在一种可能的实现方式中，通信单元，还用于向第一接入点发送第四消息，第四消息中包括第四字段，第四字段用于指示所述第一电子设备具有处理接入点的上行链路测量报告的能力。
在一种可能的实现方式中，第四消息包括第二元素帧，第四字段位于第二元素帧中，所述第二元素帧包括探测请求帧和关联响应帧中的一个或多个。
在一种可能的实现方式中，探测请求帧和关联响应帧中具有第三信息元素，第四字段位于表示第三信息元素中。
在一种可能的实现方式中，通信单元，还用于向第一接入点发送第五消息，第五消息用于请求第一上行链路的状态。
示例性的，当该通信装置是第一电子设备内的芯片或者芯片系统时，该处理单元可以是处理器，该通信单元可以是通信接口。例如通信接口可以为输入/输出接口、管脚或电路等。该处理单元执行存储单元所存储的指令，以使该第一电子设备实现第一方面或第一方面的任意一种可能的实现方式中描述的一种确定侧行链路资源的方法。该存储单元可以是该芯片内的存储单元(例如，寄存器、缓存等)，也可以是该第一电子设备内的位于该芯片外部的存储单元(例如，只读存储器、随机存取存储器等)。
第四方面，本申请实施例提供一种通信装置，该通信装置可以实现第二方面或第二方面的任意可能的实现方式中的方法，因此也能实现第二方面或第二方面任意可能的实现方式中的有益效果。该通信装置可以为第一接入点，也可以为支持第一接入点实现第二方面或第二方面的任意可能的实现方式中的方法的装置，例如应用于第一接入点中的芯片。该通信装置可以通过软件、硬件、或者通过硬件执行相应的软件实现上述方法。
一种示例，本申请实施例提供一种通信装置，该通信装置可以为第一接入点，也可以为应用于第一接入点中的芯片，该通信装置包括：处理单元，用于检测第一接入点的第一上行链路的丢包率，第一接入点具有测量上行链路的能力。处理单元，还用于根据第一接入点的上行链路的丢包率确定第一上行链路的拥塞等级。通信单元，还用于向第一电子设备发送包括第一信息元素的第一消息。第一信息元素用于指示第一接入点的第一上行链路的状态，第一上行链路的状态包括第一上行链路处于正常状态时的拥塞等级，或者异常状态，第一电子设备接入第一接入点，第一电子设备具有处理接入点的上行链路测量报告的能力。
在一种可能的实现方式中，第一信息元素中包括第一字段，其中，第一字段用于指示所述第一上行链路的状态。
在一种可能的实现方式中，通信单元，还用于向第一电子设备发送携带第三字段的第三消息。第三字段指示第一接入点具有测量第一上行链路的能力。
在一种可能的实现方式中，第三消息包括第一帧，第三字段位于所述第一帧中，第一帧包括以下中的一个或多个：信标帧、探测响应帧和关联响应帧。
在一种可能的实现方式中，通信单元，还用于接收来自第一电子设备的包括第四字段的第四消息，第四字段用于指示第一电子设备具有处理第一接入点的上行链路的能力。
在一种可能的实现方式中，第四消息包括第二元素帧，第四字段位于第二元素帧中，第二元素帧包括探测请求帧和关联请求帧中的一个或多个。
在一种可能的实现方式中，通信单元，还用于接收来自第一电子设备的第五消息，第五消息用于请求第一接入点的上行链路的状态。
示例性的，当该通信装置是第一接入点内的芯片或者芯片系统时，该处理单元可以是处理器，该通信单元可以是通信接口。例如通信接口可以为输入/输出接口、管脚或电路等。该处理单元执行存储单元所存储的指令，以使该第一接入点实现第二方面或第二方面的任意一种可能的实现方式中描述的一种切换接入点的方法。该存储单元可以是该芯片内的存储单元(例如，寄存器、缓存等)，也可以是该第一接入点内的位 于该芯片外部的存储单元(例如，只读存储器、随机存取存储器等)。
第五方面，本申请实施例提供一种计算机可读存储介质，计算机可读存储介质中存储有计算机程序或指令，当计算机程序或指令在计算机上运行时，使得计算机执行如第一方面至第一方面的任意一种可能的实现方式中描述的一种切换接入点的方法。该计算机可以为第一电子设备。
第六方面，本申请实施例提供一种计算机可读存储介质，计算机可读存储介质中存储有计算机程序或指令，当计算机程序或指令在计算机上运行时，使得计算机执行如第二方面至第二方面的任意一种可能的实现方式中描述的一种切换接入点的方法。该计算机可以为第一接入点。
第七方面，本申请实施例提供一种包括指令的计算机程序产品，当指令在计算机上运行时，使得计算机执行第一方面或第一方面的各种可能的实现方式中描述的一种切换接入点的方法。
第八方面，本申请实施例提供一种包括指令的计算机程序产品，当指令在计算机上运行时，使得计算机执行第二方面或第二方面的各种可能的实现方式中描述的一种切换接入点的方法。
第九方面，本申请实施例提供一种通信装置用于实现上述第一方面至第二方面中任一方面的各种可能的设计中的各种方法。该通信装置可以为上述第一电子设备，或者包含上述第一电子设备的装置，或者应用于第一电子设备中的部件(例如，芯片)。或者，该通信装置可以为上述第一接入点，或者包含上述第一接入点的装置，或者通信装置可以为应用于第一接入点中的部件(例如，芯片)。该通信装置包括实现上述方法相应的模块、单元、该模块、单元可以通过硬件实现，软件实现，或者通过硬件执行相应的软件实现。该硬件或软件包括一个或多个与上述功能相对应的模块或单元。应理解，上述第九方面中描述的通信装置中还可以包括：总线和存储器，存储器用于存储代码和数据。可选的，至少一个处理器通信接口和存储器相互耦合。
第十方面，本申请实施例提供了一种通信装置，该通信装置包括：至少一个处理器。其中，至少一个处理器和存储器耦合，当该通信装置运行时，该处理器执行该存储器中存储的计算机执行指令或程序，以使该通信装置执行如上述第一方面或第一方面的任一方面的各种可能的设计中的任一项的方法。例如，该通信装置可以为第一电子设备，或者为应用于第一电子设备中的芯片。
第十一方面，本申请实施例提供了一种通信装置，该通信装置包括：至少一个处理器。其中，至少一个处理器和存储器耦合，当该通信装置运行时，该处理器执行该存储器中存储的计算机执行指令或程序，以使该通信装置执行如上述第二方面或第二方面的任一方面的各种可能的设计中的任一项的方法。例如，该通信装置可以为第二终端，或者为应用于第二终端中的芯片。应理解，第十方面至第十一方面任一方面描述的存储器还可以使用存储介质替换，本申请实施例对此不作限定。应理解，第十方面至第十一方面任一方面描述的通信装置还可以包括通信接口，用于接收或发送信息。
在一种可能的实现方式中，第十方面至第十一方面任一方面描述的存储器可以为该通信装置内部的存储器，当然，该存储器也可以位于该通信装置外部，但是至少一 个处理器仍然可以执行该存储器中存储的计算机执行指令或程序。
第十二方面，本申请实施例提供了一种通信装置，该通信装置包括一个或者多个模块，用于实现上述第一方面、第二方面中任一个方面的方法，该一个或者多个模块可以与上述第一方面、第二方面中任一个方面的方法中的各个步骤相对应。
第十三方面，本申请实施例提供一种芯片系统，该芯片系统包括处理器，处理器用于读取并执行存储器中存储的计算机程序，以执行第一方面及其任意可能的实现方式中的方法。可选地，芯片系统可以为单个芯片，或者多个芯片组成的芯片模组。可选地，芯片系统还包括存储器，存储器与处理器通过电路或电线与存储器连接。进一步可选地，芯片系统还包括通信接口。通信接口用于与芯片之外的其它模块进行通信。
第十四方面，本申请实施例提供一种芯片系统，该芯片系统包括处理器，处理器用于读取并执行存储器中存储的计算机程序，以执行第二方面及其任意可能的实现方式中的方法。可选地，芯片系统可以为单个芯片，或者多个芯片组成的芯片模组。可选地，芯片系统还包括存储器，存储器与处理器通过电路或电线与存储器连接。进一步可选地，芯片系统还包括通信接口。通信接口用于与芯片之外的其它模块进行通信。
第十五方面，本申请实施例提供一种通信系统，该通信系统包括：第一电子设备和多个接入点，该多个接入点包括第一接入点。其中，第一电子设备用于执行第一方面及其任意可能的实现方式中的方法，第一接入点用于执行第二方面及其任意可能的实现方式中的方法。
上述提供的任一种装置或计算机存储介质或计算机程序产品或芯片或通信系统均用于执行上文所提供的对应的方法，因此，其所能达到的有益效果可参考上文提供的对应的方法中对应方案的有益效果，此处不再赘述。
附图说明
图1为本申请实施例提供的一种通信系统架构图；
图2为本申请实施例提供的一种电子设备的结构图；
图3为本申请实施例提供的一种通信设备的架构示意图；
图4为本申请实施例提供的一种切换接入点的流程示意图；
图5为本申请实施例提供的另一种切换接入点的流程示意图；
图6为本申请实施例提供的一种接入接入点的流程示意图；
图7和图8为本申请实施例提供的一种接入场景示意图；
图9为本申请实施例提供的一种通信装置的结构示意图；
图10为本申请实施例提供的另一种通信装置的结构示意图；
图11为本申请实施例提供的一种芯片的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
为了便于清楚描述本申请实施例的技术方案，在本申请的实施例中，采用了“第一”、“第二”等字样对功能和作用基本相同的相同项或相似项进行区分。例如，第一AP和第二AP仅仅是为了区分不同的AP，并不对其先后顺序进行限定。本领域技术人员可以理解“第一”、“第二”等字样并不对数量和执行次序进行限定，并且“第一”、“第二”等字样也并不限定一定不同。
需要说明的是，本申请中，“示例性的”或者“例如”等词用于表示作例子、例证或说明。本申请中被描述为“示例性的”或者“例如”的任何实施例或设计方案不应被解释为比其他实施例或设计方案更优选或更具优势。确切而言，使用“示例性的”或者“例如”等词旨在以具体方式呈现相关概念。
本申请实施例描述的网络架构以及业务场景是为了更加清楚的说明本申请实施例的技术方案，并不构成对于本申请实施例提供的技术方案的限定，本领域普通技术人员可知，随着网络架构的演变和新业务场景的出现，本申请实施例提供的技术方案对于类似的技术问题，同样适用。
本申请中，“至少一个”是指一个或者多个，“多个”是指两个或两个以上。“和/或”，描述关联对象的关联关系，表示可以存在三种关系，例如，A和/或B，可以表示：单独存在A，同时存在A和B，单独存在B的情况，其中A，B可以是单数或者复数。字符“/”一般表示前后关联对象是一种“或”的关系。“以下至少一项(个)”或其类似表达，是指的这些项中的任意组合，包括单项(个)或复数项(个)的任意组合。例如，a，b，或c中的至少一项(个)，可以表示：a，b，c，a-b，a-c，b-c，或a-b-c，其中a，b，c可以是单个，也可以是多个。本文中的映射，关联可以具有相同的含义。
在介绍本申请实施例之前，首先对本申请实施例中的名词做如下释义：
1)、接入点，简称AP，俗称“热点”，是指无线局域网(wireless local area network，WLAN)的重要组成部分，用于提供无线网络覆盖环境、供电子设备接入网络的设备。在AP提供的无线网络覆盖范围内，电子设备以通过无线方式连接AP接入网络。电子设备之间可以通过AP进行数据传输，也可以通过AP的"WAN"口与有线网络互通。
其中，AP可以包括胖AP(fat AP)或瘦AP(fit AP)。其中，胖AP有AC集中控制和管理功能，而瘦AP没有AC集中控制和管理，本地集成Web网管或命令行网管配置能力，瘦AP就是一个无线网络节点，它不能单独使用必须配合AC服务等结合使用，起到拓展无线网络覆盖面积的作用。
本申请实施例中涉及到的接入点可以是带Wi-Fi功能的家用路由器或客户终端设备(customer premise equipment、CPE)无线路由器，也可以是其他可以作为热点设备的移动终端，例如智能手机、笔记本电脑、平板电脑等，本申请实施例对此不作具体限定。
2)、站点，(station，STA)，是一种具有无线连接功能，能够向用户提供语音和/或数据连通性的电子设备，且能够通过AP接入网络的电子设备，又可以称之为终端设备、用户设备(user equipment，UE)、移动台(mobile station，MS)、移动终端(mobile terminal，MT)等。目前，一些站点的举例包括：手机(mobile phone)、平板电脑、笔记本电脑、掌上电脑、移动互联网设备(mobile internet device，MID)、可穿戴设备、虚拟现实(virtual reality，VR)设备、增强现实(augmented reality，A R)设备、工业控制(industrial control)中的无线终端、无人驾驶(self driving)中的无线终端、远程手术(remote medical surgery)中的无线终端、智能电网(smart grid)中的无线终端、运输安全(transportation safety)中的无线终端、智慧城市(smart city)中的无线终端、智慧家庭(smart home)中的无线终端、车载设备等。
3)、关联响应(association response)帧，当STA试图连接接入点时，接入点会回复association response帧。在响应的过程中，接入点会指定一个关联标识符(association ID)。
4)、关联请求(association request)帧，STA找到兼容网络并且通过身份验证，便会发送association request帧以试图加入网络。capability information(性能信息)字段用来指出移动式工作站所要加入的网络类型。在接受关联请求之前，接入点会验证capability information、SSID以及(扩展的(extended))支持速率(supported rated)等字段是否匹配网络参数。此外，接入点也会记录工作站所使用的监听间隔(Listen Interval)。其中，监听间隔即移动式工作站每隔多久监听一次beacon帧以监视TIM信息。支持频谱管理的工作站有功率(power)与信道(channel)性能信息元素，支持安全访问的工作站则由RSN信息元素。
5)、信标(beacon)帧，主要用来声明某个网络的存在。AP定期传送的信标可让STA得知该网络的存在，从而调整加入该网络所必需的参数。接入点负责传送beacon帧，beacon帧所及范围即为AP的基本服务区域。
如图1所示，图1示出了本申请实施例提供的一种切换接入点或接入接入点的方法适用的通信系统，该通信系统，包括：一个或多个STA(比如，STA10和STA20)，一个或多个AP(比如，图1中的AP30和AP40)。该一个或多个STA可以通过AP接入无线网络以访问服务器，比如，STA可以通过AP接入无线网络以访问云端多媒体服务器server看视频或者浏览图片或者网页、下载视频、音频、文档等。
上述AP30和AP40可以服务于同一个区域，即AP30和AP40均为该区域提供无线网络覆盖环境的设备，例如，AP30为该区域中的子区域1提供无线网络覆盖环境，而AP30为该区域中的子区域2提供无线网络覆盖环境，本申请实施例中的AP30和AP40提供的无线网络覆盖环境可以重叠。以便于STA可以使用AP30或AP40接入无线网络以访问服务器。
本申请实施例中的AP30或AP40支持针对上行链路的发包队列拥塞、接口状态的进行监测。AP30或AP40可以是胖AP(fat AP)或瘦AP(fit AP)。下述以AP30为胖AP或瘦AP为例，描述该AP30的上行链路。
若AP30为胖AP或瘦AP的本地路由转发模式时，该AP30所需要监测的上行链路指的是该AP30的WAN口物理链路或Mesh组网时的上行空口或作为蜂窝网络作为上行链路的上行空口。所谓本地路由转发模式，指AP不需要通过隧道(例如CAPWAP数据隧道)将数据转发到AC或AR(接入路由器)再进行路由转发。
若AP40是瘦AP的集中转发模式时，该AP30所需要监测的上行链路是该AP30到AC或到网关设备数据隧道(例如CAPWAP数据隧道、GRE隧道、VXLAN隧道等)。所谓集中转发模式是指：AP通过隧道(例如CAPWAP数据隧道)转发到AC或AR(接入路由器)再进行路由转发。一般fit AP才有转发模式选择，fat AP只有本地路由转发模式。
本申请实施例中一个AP可以配置多个服务集标识，不同服务集标识(service set identifier，SSID)不同。比如AP30配置有SSID1和SSID2。AP40配置有SSID2和 SSID3，SSID2为AP30和AP40可以为AP为STA10提供的相同服务集标识，因此，STA10可以通过AP30的SSID2访问网络，也可以切换至AP40以通过AP40的SSID2访问网络。
一个或多个STA可以通过AP接入WLAN网络中，服务配置服务集标识机制是一种最基本的认证机制。在每个WLAN网络区域内，AP拥有自己的SSID标识，每个AP的SSID标识由AP的拥有者设定，AP的拥有者可以是WLAN运营商、场所业主或个体用户等。
当STA要接入某个WLAN网络区域时，STA必须知道该WLAN网络的SSID标识，STA通过WLAN客户端向该WLAN网络区域内的AP发送携带SSID标识的接入请求，AP接收到接入请求后，判断STA发送来的SSID标识与其本身的SSID标识是否相同，如果相同，那么AP允许该STA接入网络，如果不同，那么AP将拒绝该STA接入网络。
在一种可能的实现方式中，STA接入AP的过程可以包括扫描阶段、链路认证阶段、关联阶段以及接入认证阶段四个阶段：
(1)、扫描阶段，指的是STA搜索无线网络的过程。扫描可以分为主动扫描和被动扫描，主动扫描是指STA主动探测搜索无线网络，被动扫描是指STA被动的接收AP发送的无线信号。
其中，主动扫描例如可以是：STA可以在其所支持的信道上依次发送探测信号，探测周围存在的无线网络。探测信号例如可以是探测请求(probe request)帧。
一种可能的实现方式中，探测请求帧中可以不携带SSID，以探测周围所有可用的无线网络。接收到该探测请求帧的AP都会响应STA，并表明自身的SSID，例如，AP30和AP40可以向STA10发送携带SSID的探测响应(probe response)帧。这样，STA10接收到各AP发送的探测响应帧后，即可确定周围所有可用的无线网络的SSID。
被动扫描例如可以是：AP周期性的向其覆盖范围内的STA发送无线网络的信息，例如，AP40或AP30可以在beacon中携带无线网络的SSID，并周期性的广播信标帧。STA10可以通过在其所支持的每个信道上侦听信标帧，确定周围可用的无线网络的SSID。
STA确定周围存在可用的无线网络后，即会进行下一步的链路认证。
(2)、链路认证阶段，指的是AP确定STA的合法性的过程。目前，链路认证通常采用开放系统认证的方式。开放系统认证方式中，STA向AP发送认证请求，AP接收到STA的认证请求后，即允许STA认证成功。开放系统认证是一种不安全的认证方式，所以实际使用中通常会和其它的接入认证方式结合使用，以提高安全性。
链路认证成功后，会继续下一步的关联。
(3)、关联阶段，指的是STA和AP之间进行无线链路服务协商的过程。在关联阶段，STA会向AP发送关联请求帧，并在其中携带STA的各种参数以及STA根据服务配置选择的各种参数，例如可以包括STA支持的速率和信道、选择的接入认证方式以及加密算法等。以扩展型AP为例，当AP接收到来自STA的关联请求帧后，会根据其中携带的参数为STA配置相应的无线链路服务，比如确定是否需要为STA 配置接入认证，以及为STA配置哪种接入认证方式和加密算法等。
(4)、接入认证阶段，指的是对无线连接进行认证，确定STA是否有权限接入无线网络的过程。在一种可能的实现方式中，接入认证可以采用现有Wi-Fi网络安全接入(Wi-Fiprotected access，WPA)、WPA2、WPA3等安全认证机制中的“四步握手”(4-way handshake)接入认证方式。简单来说，“四步握手”的目的在于协商临时传输密钥(pairwise transientkey，PTK)，其中PTK被用于加密后续STA和AP之间的传播帧。在“四步握手”过程中会用到SSID的密码(即现有技术中用户连接SSID对应的无线网络时手动输入的密码)，因此在“四步握手”开始之前，STA需获知SSID的密码。
一个或多个STA、一个或多个接入点中的每一个可遵循标准来操作，作为解说性、非限定性示例，该标准诸如是IEEE 802.11标准(例如，IEEE 802.11k、IEEE 802.11ai、或两者)和/或Wi-Fi联盟标准(例如，优化连通性体验(OCE)标准、多带操作(MBO)标准、或两者)。
通过802.11k获取的这些测量数据，可用于提供给应用层，以便决策是否执行智能漫游、负载均衡等策略。然后由802.11V(BBS切换管理帧):和802.11R(快速BSS切换)执行STA的切换动作，快速关联切换到新AP。
如表1所示，802.11k的主要协议流程基于两类Action帧实现：
表1
Figure PCTCN2021111279-appb-000001
Figure PCTCN2021111279-appb-000002
表2 分类值(category)
Figure PCTCN2021111279-appb-000003
Figure PCTCN2021111279-appb-000004
其中，spectrum management frame，频谱管理帧，action category＝0。该帧包含3种测量类型，如表3所示：
表3
Figure PCTCN2021111279-appb-000005
无线资源测量帧(radio resource measurement frame)，action category＝5。该无线资源测量帧包含8种测量类型，如表4所示：
表4
Figure PCTCN2021111279-appb-000006
Figure PCTCN2021111279-appb-000007
802.11k常用的beacon request帧，又包含如下6种类型，如表5所示：
表5
Figure PCTCN2021111279-appb-000008
Figure PCTCN2021111279-appb-000009
本申请实施例提供的方法可以适用于如下场景：
场景1)、电子设备10已接入AP30，电子设备10通过AP30访问服务器过程中，电子设备10发现AP30的上行链路的拥塞等级大于或等于预设拥塞等级，且电子设备10确定该区域中AP40的上行链路的拥塞等级低于AP30的上行链路的拥塞等级，或者AP30的上行链路的拥塞等级和AP40的上行链路的拥塞等级虽然相同，但是AP40的空口信号质量高于AP30的空口信号质量，则电子设备10决定从AP30切换至AP40。
场景2)、电子设备20当前未接入该SSID标识的网络中的AP30和AP40，当电子设备20位于该SSID标识的网络覆盖区域内时，AP30和AP40主动发送无线网络的信息，例如，AP30可以在beacon中携带无线网络的SSID，并周期性的广播信标帧和AP30的上行链路的拥塞等级。AP40可以在beacon中携带无线网络的SSID，并周期性的广播信标帧和AP40的上行链路的拥塞等级，这时，电子设备20便可以根据AP30的上行链路的拥塞等级和AP40的上行链路的拥塞等级，选择接入AP40。在场景2中AP40的上行链路的拥塞等级低于AP30的上行链路的拥塞等级。
示例性的，图2示出了电子设备200的一种结构示意图。电子设备200可以包括处理器210，外部存储器接口220，内部存储器221，通用串行总线(universal serial bus，USB)接口230，充电管理模块240，电源管理模块241，电池242，天线1，天线2，移动通信模块250，无线通信模块260，音频模块270，扬声器270A，受话器270B，麦克风270C，耳机接口270D，传感器模块280，按键290，马达291，指示器292，摄像头293，显示屏294，以及用户标识模块(subscriber identification module，SIM)卡接口295等。其中传感器模块280可以包括压力传感器280A，陀螺仪传感器280B，气压传感器280C，磁传感器280D，加速度传感器280E，距离传感器280F，接近光传感器280G，指纹传感器280H，温度传感器280J，触摸传感器280K，环境光传感器280L，骨传导传感器280M等。
可以理解的是，本申请实施例示意的结构并不构成对电子设备200的具体限定。在本申请另一些实施例中，电子设备200可以包括比图示更多或更少的部件，或者组合某些部件，或者拆分某些部件，或者不同的部件布置。图示的部件可以以硬件，软 件或软件和硬件的组合实现。
处理器210可以包括一个或多个处理单元，例如：处理器210可以包括应用处理器(application processor，AP)，调制解调处理器，图形处理器(graphics processing unit，GPU)，图像信号处理器(image signal processor，ISP)，控制器，存储器，视频编解码器，数字信号处理器(digital signal processor，DSP)，基带处理器，和/或神经网络处理器(neural-network processing unit，NPU)等。其中，不同的处理单元可以是独立的器件，也可以集成在一个或多个处理器中。
其中，控制器可以是电子设备200的神经中枢和指挥中心。控制器可以根据指令操作码和时序信号，产生操作控制信号，完成取指令和执行指令的控制。
处理器210中还可以设置存储器，用于存储指令和数据。在一些实施例中，处理器210中的存储器为高速缓冲存储器。该存储器可以保存处理器210刚用过或循环使用的指令或数据。如果处理器210需要再次使用该指令或数据，可从存储器中直接调用。避免了重复存取，减少了处理器210的等待时间，因而提高了系统的效率。
在一些实施例中，处理器210可以包括一个或多个接口。接口可以包括集成电路(inter-integrated circuit，I2C)接口，集成电路内置音频(inter-integrated circuit sound，I2S)接口，脉冲编码调制(pulse code modulation，PCM)接口，通用异步收发传输器(universal asynchronous receiver/transmitter，UART)接口，移动产业处理器接口(mobile industry processor interface，MIPI)，通用输入输出(general-purpose input/output，GPIO)接口，用户标识模块(subscriber identity module，SIM)接口，和/或通用串行总线(universal serial bus，USB)接口等。
I2C接口是一种双向同步串行总线，包括一根串行数据线(serial data line，SDA)和一根串行时钟线(derail clock line，SCL)。在一些实施例中，处理器210可以包含多组I2C总线。处理器210可以通过不同的I2C总线接口分别耦合触摸传感器280K，充电器，闪光灯，摄像头293等。例如：处理器210可以通过I2C接口耦合触摸传感器280K，使处理器210与触摸传感器280K通过I2C总线接口通信，实现电子设备200的触摸功能。
I2S接口可以用于音频通信。在一些实施例中，处理器210可以包含多组I2S总线。处理器210可以通过I2S总线与音频模块270耦合，实现处理器210与音频模块270之间的通信。在一些实施例中，音频模块270可以通过I2S接口向无线通信模块260传递音频信号，实现通过蓝牙耳机接听电话的功能。
PCM接口也可以用于音频通信，将模拟信号抽样，量化和编码。在一些实施例中，音频模块270与无线通信模块260可以通过PCM总线接口耦合。
在一些实施例中，音频模块270也可以通过PCM接口向无线通信模块260传递音频信号，实现通过蓝牙耳机接听电话的功能。I2S接口和PCM接口都可以用于音频通信。
UART接口是一种通用串行数据总线，用于异步通信。该总线可以为双向通信总线。它将要传输的数据在串行通信与并行通信之间转换。
在一些实施例中，UART接口通常被用于连接处理器210与无线通信模块260。 例如：处理器210通过UART接口与无线通信模块260中的蓝牙模块通信，实现蓝牙功能。在一些实施例中，音频模块270可以通过UART接口向无线通信模块260传递音频信号，实现通过蓝牙耳机播放音乐的功能。
MIPI接口可以被用于连接处理器210与显示屏294，摄像头293等外围器件。MIPI接口包括摄像头串行接口(camera serial interface，CSI)，显示屏串行接口(display serial interface，DSI)等。在一些实施例中，处理器210和摄像头293通过CSI接口通信，实现电子设备200的拍摄功能。处理器210和显示屏294通过DSI接口通信，实现电子设备200的显示功能。
GPIO接口可以通过软件配置。GPIO接口可以被配置为控制信号，也可被配置为数据信号。在一些实施例中，GPIO接口可以用于连接处理器210与摄像头293，显示屏294，无线通信模块260，音频模块270，传感器模块280等。GPIO接口还可以被配置为I2C接口，I2S接口，UART接口，MIPI接口等。
USB接口230是符合USB标准规范的接口，具体可以是Mini USB接口，Micro USB接口，USB Type C接口等。USB接口230可以用于连接充电器为电子设备200充电，也可以用于电子设备200与外围设备之间传输数据。也可以用于连接耳机，通过耳机播放音频。该接口还可以用于连接其他电子设备，例如AR设备等。
可以理解的是，本申请实施例示意的各模块间的接口连接关系，只是示意性说明，并不构成对电子设备200的结构限定。在本申请另一些实施例中，电子设备200也可以采用上述实施例中不同的接口连接方式，或多种接口连接方式的组合。
充电管理模块240用于从充电器接收充电输入。其中，充电器可以是无线充电器，也可以是有线充电器。在一些有线充电的实施例中，充电管理模块240可以通过USB接口230接收有线充电器的充电输入。在一些无线充电的实施例中，充电管理模块240可以通过电子设备100的无线充电线圈接收无线充电输入。充电管理模块240为电池242充电的同时，还可以通过电源管理模块241为电子设备供电。
电源管理模块241用于连接电池242，充电管理模块240与处理器210。电源管理模块241接收电池242和/或充电管理模块240的输入，为处理器210，内部存储器221，外部存储器，显示屏294，摄像头293，和无线通信模块260等供电。电源管理模块241还可以用于监测电池容量，电池循环次数，电池健康状态(漏电，阻抗)等参数。
在其他一些实施例中，电源管理模块241也可以设置于处理器210中。在另一些实施例中，电源管理模块241和充电管理模块240也可以设置于同一个器件中。
电子设备200的无线通信功能可以通过天线1，天线2，移动通信模块250，无线通信模块160，调制解调处理器以及基带处理器等实现。
天线1和天线2用于发射和接收电磁波信号。电子设备200中的每个天线可用于覆盖单个或多个通信频带。不同的天线还可以复用，以提高天线的利用率。例如：可以将天线1复用为无线局域网的分集天线。在另外一些实施例中，天线可以和调谐开关结合使用。
移动通信模块250可以提供应用在电子设备200上的包括2G/3G/4G/5G等无线通信的解决方案。移动通信模块250可以包括至少一个滤波器，开关，功率放大器，低 噪声放大器(low noise amplifier，LNA)等。移动通信模块250可以由天线1接收电磁波，并对接收的电磁波进行滤波，放大等处理，传送至调制解调处理器进行解调。移动通信模块250还可以对经调制解调处理器调制后的信号放大，经天线1转为电磁波辐射出去。
在一些实施例中，移动通信模块250的至少部分功能模块可以被设置于处理器210中。在一些实施例中，移动通信模块250的至少部分功能模块可以与处理器210的至少部分模块被设置在同一个器件中。
调制解调处理器可以包括调制器和解调器。其中，调制器用于将待发送的低频基带信号调制成中高频信号。解调器用于将接收的电磁波信号解调为低频基带信号。随后解调器将解调得到的低频基带信号传送至基带处理器处理。低频基带信号经基带处理器处理后，被传递给应用处理器。应用处理器通过音频设备(不限于扬声器270A，受话器270B等)输出声音信号，或通过显示屏294显示图像或视频。在一些实施例中，调制解调处理器可以是独立的器件。在另一些实施例中，调制解调处理器可以独立于处理器210，与移动通信模块250或其他功能模块设置在同一个器件中。
无线通信模块260可以提供应用在电子设备200上的包括无线局域网(wireless local area networks，WLAN)(如无线保真(wireless fidelity，Wi-Fi)网络)，蓝牙(bluetooth，BT)，全球导航卫星系统(global navigation satellite system，GNSS)，调频(frequency modulation，FM)，近距离无线通信技术(near field communication，NFC)，红外技术(infrared，IR)等无线通信的解决方案。无线通信模块260可以是集成至少一个通信处理模块的一个或多个器件。无线通信模块260经由天线2接收电磁波，将电磁波信号调频以及滤波处理，将处理后的信号发送到处理器210。无线通信模块260还可以从处理器210接收待发送的信号，对其进行调频，放大，经天线2转为电磁波辐射出去。
在一些实施例中，电子设备200的天线1和移动通信模块250耦合，天线2和无线通信模块260耦合，使得电子设备200可以通过无线通信技术与网络以及其他设备通信。无线通信技术可以包括全球移动通讯系统(global system for mobile communications，GSM)，通用分组无线服务(general packet radio service，GPRS)，码分多址接入(code division multiple access，CDMA)，宽带码分多址(wideband code division multiple access，WCDMA)，时分码分多址(time-division code division multiple access，TD-SCDMA)，长期演进(long term evolution，LTE)，BT，GNSS，WLAN，NFC，FM，和/或IR技术等。GNSS可以包括全球卫星定位系统(global positioning system，GPS)，全球导航卫星系统(global navigation satellite system，GLONASS)，北斗卫星导航系统(beidou navigation satellite system，BDS)，准天顶卫星系统(quasi-zenith satellite system，QZSS)和/或星基增强系统(satellite based augmentation systems，SBAS)。
电子设备200通过GPU，显示屏294，以及应用处理器等实现显示功能。GPU为图像处理的微处理器，连接显示屏294和应用处理器。GPU用于执行数学和几何计算，用于图形渲染。处理器210可包括一个或多个GPU，其执行程序指令以生成或改变显示信息。
显示屏294用于显示图像，视频等。显示屏294包括显示面板。显示面板可以采 用液晶显示屏(liquid crystal display，LCD)，有机发光二极管(organic light-emitting diode，OLED)，有源矩阵有机发光二极体或主动矩阵有机发光二极体(active-matrix organic light emitting diode的，AMOLED)，柔性发光二极管(flex light-emitting diode，FLED)，Miniled，MicroLed，Micro-oLed，量子点发光二极管(quantum dot light emitting diodes，QLED)等。在一些实施例中，电子设备200可以包括1个或N个显示屏294，N为大于1的正整数。
电子设备200可以通过ISP，摄像头293，视频编解码器，GPU，显示屏294以及应用处理器等实现拍摄功能。
ISP用于处理摄像头293反馈的数据。例如，拍照时，打开快门，光线通过镜头被传递到摄像头感光元件上，光信号转换为电信号，摄像头感光元件将电信号传递给ISP处理，转化为肉眼可见的图像。ISP还可以对图像的噪点，亮度，肤色进行算法优化。ISP还可以对拍摄场景的曝光，色温等参数优化。在一些实施例中，ISP可以设置在摄像头293中。
摄像头293用于捕获静态图像或视频。物体通过镜头生成光学图像投射到感光元件。感光元件可以是电荷耦合器件(charge coupled device，CCD)或互补金属氧化物半导体(complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor，CMOS)光电晶体管。感光元件把光信号转换成电信号，之后将电信号传递给ISP转换成数字图像信号。ISP将数字图像信号输出到DSP加工处理。DSP将数字图像信号转换成标准的RGB，YUV等格式的图像信号。在一些实施例中，电子设备200可以包括1个或N个摄像头293，N为大于1的正整数。
数字信号处理器用于处理数字信号，除了可以处理数字图像信号，还可以处理其他数字信号。例如，当电子设备200在频点选择时，数字信号处理器用于对频点能量进行傅里叶变换等。
视频编解码器用于对数字视频压缩或解压缩。电子设备200可以支持一种或多种视频编解码器。这样，电子设备200可以播放或录制多种编码格式的视频，例如：动态图像专家组(moving picture experts group，MPEG)1，MPEG2，MPEG3，MPEG4等。
NPU为神经网络(neural-network，NN)计算处理器，通过借鉴生物神经网络结构，例如借鉴人脑神经元之间传递模式，对输入信息快速处理，还可以不断的自学习。通过NPU可以实现电子设备200的智能认知等应用，例如：图像识别，人脸识别，语音识别，文本理解等。
在本申请实施例中，NPU或其他处理器可以用于对电子设备200存储的视频中的人脸图像进行人脸检测、人脸跟踪、人脸特征提取和图像聚类等操作；对电子设备200存储的图片中的人脸图像进行人脸检测、人脸特征提取等操作，并根据图片的人脸特征以及视频中人脸图像的聚类结果，对电子设备200存储的图片进行聚类。
外部存储器接口220可以用于连接外部存储卡，例如Micro SD卡，实现扩展电子设备200的存储能力。外部存储卡通过外部存储器接口220与处理器210通信，实现数据存储功能。例如将音乐，视频等文件保存在外部存储卡中。
内部存储器221可以用于存储计算机可执行程序代码，可执行程序代码包括指令。 处理器210通过运行存储在内部存储器221的指令，从而执行电子设备200的各种功能应用以及数据处理。内部存储器221可以包括存储程序区和存储数据区。其中，存储程序区可存储操作系统，至少一个功能所需的应用程序(比如声音播放功能，图像播放功能等)等。存储数据区可存储电子设备200使用过程中所创建的数据(比如音频数据，电话本等)等。
此外，内部存储器221可以包括高速随机存取存储器，还可以包括非易失性存储器，例如至少一个磁盘存储器件，闪存器件，通用闪存存储器(universal flash storage，UFS)等。
电子设备200可以通过音频模块270，扬声器270A，受话器270B，麦克风270C，耳机接口270D，以及应用处理器等实现音频功能。例如音乐播放，录音等。
音频模块270用于将数字音频信息转换成模拟音频信号输出，也用于将模拟音频输入转换为数字音频信号。音频模块270还可以用于对音频信号编码和解码。在一些实施例中，音频模块270可以设置于处理器210中，或将音频模块270的部分功能模块设置于处理器210中。
扬声器270A，也称“喇叭”，用于将音频电信号转换为声音信号。电子设备200可以通过扬声器270A收听音乐，或收听免提通话。
受话器270B，也称“听筒”，用于将音频电信号转换成声音信号。当电子设备200接听电话或语音信息时，可以通过将受话器270B靠近人耳接听语音。
麦克风270C，也称“话筒”，“传声器”，用于将声音信号转换为电信号。当拨打电话或发送语音信息时，用户可以通过人嘴靠近麦克风270C发声，将声音信号输入到麦克风270C。电子设备200可以设置至少一个麦克风270C。在另一些实施例中，电子设备200可以设置两个麦克风270C，除了采集声音信号，还可以实现降噪功能。在另一些实施例中，电子设备200还可以设置三个，四个或更多麦克风270C，实现采集声音信号，降噪，还可以识别声音来源，实现定向录音功能等。
耳机接口270D用于连接有线耳机。耳机接口270D可以是USB接口230，也可以是3.5mm的开放移动电子设备平台(open mobile terminal platform，OMTP)标准接口，美国蜂窝电信工业协会(cellular telecommunications industry association of the USA，CTIA)标准接口。
压力传感器280A用于感受压力信号，可以将压力信号转换成电信号。在一些实施例中，压力传感器280A可以设置于显示屏294。压力传感器280A的种类很多，如电阻式压力传感器，电感式压力传感器，电容式压力传感器等。电容式压力传感器可以是包括至少两个具有导电材料的平行板。当有力作用于压力传感器280A，电极之间的电容改变。电子设备200根据电容的变化确定压力的强度。当有触摸操作作用于显示屏294，电子设备200根据压力传感器280A检测触摸操作强度。电子设备200也可以根据压力传感器280A的检测信号计算触摸的位置。
在一些实施例中，作用于相同触摸位置，但不同触摸操作强度的触摸操作，可以对应不同的操作指令。例如：当有触摸操作强度小于第一压力阈值的触摸操作作用于短消息应用图标时，执行查看短消息的指令。当有触摸操作强度大于或等于第一压力 阈值的触摸操作作用于短消息应用图标时，执行新建短消息的指令。
陀螺仪传感器280B可以用于确定电子设备200的运动姿态。在一些实施例中，可以通过陀螺仪传感器280B确定电子设备200围绕三个轴(即，x，y和z轴)的角速度。陀螺仪传感器280B可以用于拍摄防抖。示例性的，当按下快门，陀螺仪传感器280B检测电子设备200抖动的角度，根据角度计算出镜头模组需要补偿的距离，让镜头通过反向运动抵消电子设备200的抖动，实现防抖。陀螺仪传感器280B还可以用于导航，体感游戏场景。
气压传感器280C用于测量气压。在一些实施例中，电子设备200通过气压传感器280C测得的气压值计算海拔高度，辅助定位和导航。
磁传感器280D包括霍尔传感器。电子设备200可以利用磁传感器280D检测翻盖皮套的开合。在一些实施例中，当电子设备200是翻盖机时，电子设备200可以根据磁传感器280D检测翻盖的开合。进而根据检测到的皮套的开合状态或翻盖的开合状态，设置翻盖自动解锁等特性。
加速度传感器280E可检测电子设备200在各个方向上(一般为三轴)加速度的大小。当电子设备200静止时可检测出重力的大小及方向。还可以用于识别电子设备姿态，应用于横竖屏切换，计步器等应用。
距离传感器280F，用于测量距离。电子设备200可以通过红外或激光测量距离。在一些实施例中，拍摄场景，电子设备200可以利用距离传感器280F测距以实现快速对焦。
接近光传感器280G可以包括例如发光二极管(LED)和光检测器，例如光电二极管。发光二极管可以是红外发光二极管。电子设备200通过发光二极管向外发射红外光。电子设备200使用光电二极管检测来自附近物体的红外反射光。当检测到充分的反射光时，可以确定电子设备200附近有物体。当检测到不充分的反射光时，电子设备200可以确定电子设备200附近没有物体。电子设备200可以利用接近光传感器280G检测用户手持电子设备200贴近耳朵通话，以便自动熄灭屏幕达到省电的目的。接近光传感器280G也可用于皮套模式，口袋模式自动解锁与锁屏。
环境光传感器280L用于感知环境光亮度。电子设备200可以根据感知的环境光亮度自适应调节显示屏294亮度。环境光传感器280L也可用于拍照时自动调节白平衡。环境光传感器280L还可以与接近光传感器280G配合，检测电子设备200是否在口袋里，以防误触。
指纹传感器280H用于采集指纹。电子设备200可以利用采集的指纹特性实现指纹解锁，访问应用锁，指纹拍照，指纹接听来电等。
温度传感器280J用于检测温度。在一些实施例中，电子设备200利用温度传感器280J检测的温度，执行温度处理策略。例如，当温度传感器280J上报的温度超过阈值，电子设备200执行降低位于温度传感器280J附近的处理器的性能，以便降低功耗实施热保护。在另一些实施例中，当温度低于另一阈值时，电子设备200对电池242加热，以避免低温导致电子设备200异常关机。在其他一些实施例中，当温度低于又一阈值时，电子设备200对电池242的输出电压执行升压，以避免低温导致的异常关机。
触摸传感器280K，也称“触控面板”。触摸传感器280K可以设置于显示屏294，由触摸传感器280K与显示屏294组成触摸屏，也称“触控屏”。触摸传感器280K用于检测作用于其上或附近的触摸操作。触摸传感器可以将检测到的触摸操作传递给应用处理器，以确定触摸事件类型。可以通过显示屏294提供与触摸操作相关的视觉输出。在另一些实施例中，触摸传感器280K也可以设置于电子设备200的表面，与显示屏294所处的位置不同。
骨传导传感器280M可以获取振动信号。在一些实施例中，骨传导传感器280M可以获取人体声部振动骨块的振动信号。骨传导传感器280M也可以接触人体脉搏，接收血压跳动信号。
在一些实施例中，骨传导传感器280M也可以设置于耳机中，结合成骨传导耳机。音频模块270可以基于骨传导传感器280M获取的声部振动骨块的振动信号，解析出语音信号，实现语音功能。应用处理器可以基于骨传导传感器280M获取的血压跳动信号解析心率信息，实现心率检测功能。
按键290包括开机键，音量键等。按键290可以是机械按键。也可以是触摸式按键。电子设备200可以接收按键输入，产生与电子设备200的用户设置以及功能控制有关的键信号输入。
马达291可以产生振动提示。马达291可以用于来电振动提示，也可以用于触摸振动反馈。例如，作用于不同应用(例如拍照，音频播放等)的触摸操作，可以对应不同的振动反馈效果。作用于显示屏294不同区域的触摸操作，马达291也可对应不同的振动反馈效果。不同的应用场景(例如：时间提醒，接收信息，闹钟，游戏等)也可以对应不同的振动反馈效果。触摸振动反馈效果还可以支持自定义。
指示器292可以是指示灯，可以用于指示充电状态，电量变化，也可以用于指示消息，未接来电，通知等。
SIM卡接口295用于连接SIM卡。SIM卡可以通过插入SIM卡接口295，或从SIM卡接口295拔出，实现和电子设备200的接触和分离。电子设备200可以支持1个或N个SIM卡接口，N为大于1的正整数。SIM卡接口295可以支持Nano SIM卡，Micro SIM卡，SIM卡等。同一个SIM卡接口295可以同时插入多张卡。多张卡的类型可以相同，也可以不同。SIM卡接口295也可以兼容不同类型的SIM卡。SIM卡接口295也可以兼容外部存储卡。电子设备200通过SIM卡和网络交互，实现通话以及数据通信等功能。在一些实施例中，电子设备200采用eSIM，即：嵌入式SIM卡。eSIM卡可以嵌在电子设备200中，不能和电子设备200分离。
如图3所示，图3示出了本申请实施例提供的一种通信设备的硬件结构示意图。本申请实施例中的AP的结构可以参考如图3所示的通信设备的结构示意图。该通信设备包括处理器301，通信线路304以及至少一个通信接口(图3中示例性的以通信接口303为例进行说明)。
处理器301可以是一个通用中央处理器(central processing unit，CPU)，微处理器，特定应用集成电路(application-specific integrated circuit，ASIC)，或一个或多个用于控制本申请方案程序执行的集成电路。
通信线路304可包括一通路，在上述组件之间传送信息。
通信接口303，用于与其他装置进行信息交互，例如使用任何收发器一类的装置，用于与其他设备或通信网络通信，如以太网，无线接入网(radio access network，RAN)，无线局域网(wireless local area networks，WLAN)等。
可选的，该通信设备还可以包括存储器302。
存储器302可以是只读存储器(read-only memory，ROM)或可存储静态信息和指令的其他类型的静态存储设备，随机存取存储器(random access memory，RAM)或者可存储信息和指令的其他类型的动态存储设备，也可以是电可擦可编程只读存储器(electrically erasable programmable read-only memory，EEPROM)、只读光盘(compact disc read-only memory，CD-ROM)或其他光盘存储、光碟存储(包括压缩光碟、激光碟、光碟、数字通用光碟、蓝光光碟等)、磁盘存储介质或者其他磁存储设备、或者能够用于携带或存储具有指令或数据结构形式的期望的程序代码并能够由计算机存取的任何其他介质，但不限于此。存储器可以是独立存在，通过通信线路304与处理器相连接。存储器也可以和处理器集成在一起。
其中，存储器302用于存储执行本申请方案的计算机执行指令，并由处理器301来控制执行。处理器301用于执行存储器302中存储的计算机执行指令，从而实现本申请下述实施例提供的一种切换接入点的方法或接入接入点的方法。
可选的，本申请实施例中的计算机执行指令也可以称之为应用程序代码，本申请实施例对此不作具体限定。
在具体实现中，作为一种实施例，处理器301可以包括一个或多个CPU，例如图3中的CPU0和CPU1。
在具体实现中，作为一种实施例，通信设备可以包括多个处理器，例如图3中的处理器301和处理器305。这些处理器中的每一个可以是一个单核(single-CPU)处理器，也可以是一个多核(multi-CPU)处理器。这里的处理器可以指一个或多个设备、电路、和/或用于处理数据(例如计算机程序指令)的处理核。
在本申请实施例中，一种切换接入点的方法的执行主体的具体结构，本申请实施例并未特别限定，只要可以通过运行记录有本申请实施例的一种切换接入点的方法的代码的程序，以根据本申请实施例的一种切换接入点的方法进行通信即可。例如，本申请实施例提供的一种切换接入点的方法的执行主体可以是第一电子设备中能够调用程序并执行程序的功能模块，或者为应用于第一电子设备中的通信装置，例如，芯片、芯片系统、集成电路等等。这些芯片、芯片系统、集成电路可以设置于电子设备内部，也可以相对于第一电子设备独立，本申请实施例不做限制。本申请实施例提供的一种切换接入点的方法的执行主体可以是第一AP中能够调用程序并执行程序的功能模块，或者为应用于第一AP中的通信装置，例如，芯片、芯片系统、集成电路等等，这些芯片、芯片系统、集成电路可以设置于第一AP内部，也可以相对于第一AP独立，本申请实施例不做限制。下述实施例以一种切换接入点的方法的执行主体为第一AP、第一电子设备为例进行描述。
本申请实施例中的XX帧，也可以称为XX报文。比如，action报文也可以称为 action帧。
如图4所示，图4为本申请实施例提供的一种切换接入点的方法的实施例，该方法包括：
步骤401、第一AP检测第一AP的第一上行链路的丢包率。
其中，第一AP具有测量上行链路的能力。
本申请实施例中的第一AP可以按照预设周期，周期性确定该第一AP的第一上行链路的丢包率。或者，该第一AP可以基于接入该第一AP的第一电子设备的请求，再确定第一AP的第一上行链路的丢包率。比如，第一AP支持针对第一上行链路的发包队列拥塞、接口状态的进行监测。
步骤402、第一AP根据第一AP的第一上行链路的丢包率确定第一上行链路的拥塞等级。
本申请实施例中涉及到的AP的上行链路的拥塞等级可以表示为：无拥塞、一般拥塞、严重拥塞。比如本申请实施例中使用第一指示符表示无拥塞。使用第二指示符表示一般拥塞。使用第三指示符表示严重拥塞。例如，第一指示符为“00”。第二指示符为“01”，例如丢包流量占比(也可以称为：丢包率)<＝5％。第三指示符为“10”，例如丢包流量占比＞5％。
值得说明的是，上述仅是以上行链路的拥塞等级分为三级为例，在实际过程中，本申请实施例中涉及到的AP的上行链路的拥塞等级可以表示为：无拥塞、轻度拥塞、中度拥塞、严重拥塞等。
作为一种可能的实现方式，本申请实施例中的步骤401和步骤402可以通过以下方式实现：第一AP定时或按需检测第一上行链路或物理接口状态、该第一上行链路和SSID对应逻辑接口的优先级队列带宽和丢包情况，在检测任务对应的检测周期内统计相关队列丢包计数，计算的丢包流量占比来判断该队列的拥塞情况，例如定义用0丢包表示无拥塞，<＝5％的丢包流量占比表示一般拥塞，>5％的丢包流量占比表示严重拥塞。
步骤403、第一AP向接入该第一AP的第一电子设备发送第一消息，相应的，第一电子设备接收来自该第一电子设备接入的第一AP的第一消息。
其中，第一电子设备具有处理接入点的上行链路测量报告的能力。
其中，第一消息包括第一消息包括第一信息元素，该第一信息元素用于指示第一上行链路的状态。第一上行链路的状态包括正常状态下第一上行链路的拥塞等级，或者异常状态。
作为一种示例，该第一信息元素中包括第一字段。该第一字段用于指示第一上行链路的状态。
本申请实施例中的第一字段可以包括字段11。其中，字段11用于指示第一上行链路的状态为异常状态。或者，本申请实施例中的第一字段可以包括字段11和字段12。其中，字段11用于指示第一上行链路的状态为正常状态。字段12用于指示第一AP的第一上行链路的拥塞等级。
其中，本申请实施例中的第一上行链路的状态为异常状态，表示该第一上行链路 断开，或者第一上行链路故障，这时字段11用于指示第一上行链路的状态为异常状态，那么第一信息元素中的字段12则可以省略，即第一信息元素中不包括字段12。
示例性的，第一消息为action帧。比如，第一消息为action request帧或action response帧。其中，action request帧或action response帧或beacon帧或probe response帧中包括第一信息元素，该第一信息元素可以为上行链路测量报告元素(UpLink measurement report Element)。第一字段位于上行链路测量报告元素中。
下述以第一消息为action request帧为例，描述action request帧报文解析描述示例如下示例1所示：
示例1
Figure PCTCN2021111279-appb-000010
比如，第一字段的值可以为使用一个或多个指示符表示。在上述示例1中，第一字段包括：Uplink interface congestion level(即字段12)和Uplink status(即字段11)，字段11的值为指示符“10”，用于表示第一上行链路接口严重拥塞。字段12的值为指示符“0”，表示正常。Uplink interface为上行接口ID的字段，ASCII字符串，描述上行接口名称，可以是物理以太接口名称，也可以是cellular0、wlan0这样的蜂窝或Wi-Fi上行接口，也可以是capwap0，vxlan0这种虚拟的隧道接口。
情况1，本申请实施例中的第一AP可以主动向接入该第一AP的第一电子设备发送第一消息。此时，第一消息可以为action request帧。
如果AP发送action request帧，action request帧包括UpLink measurement report Element这个元素，第一电子设备的action response帧不包括UpLink measurement report Element这个元素。
比如，本申请实施例中第一AP配置周期性的上行链路的检测任务，并缓存一定周期内的检测结果(包括该周期内的上行链路的状态)，该检测结果也可以用于WLAN网络的运维分析。第一AP发现相邻两个周期的检测结果，如果发现检测结果出现变更，第一AP主动发送UpLink measurement类型的action request帧(携带上行链路测 量报告元素)给第一电子设备，通知最新的上行链路测量结果。这时第一电子设备回复UpLink measurement类型的action response帧给第一AP，表示自己已经收到该通知并处理。
或者，第一AP发现第一上行链路的拥塞等级高于预设拥塞等级阈值，则主动发送UpLink measurement类型的action request帧(携带上行链路测量报告元素)给第一电子设备。又比如，本申请实施例中第一AP可以按照预设周期周期性的将各个周期测量到的上行链路的状态发送给第一电子设备。
情况2，本申请实施例中的第一AP可以基于接入该第一AP的第一电子设备的请求(比如，action request帧)，向第一电子设备发送第一消息。此时第一消息为action response帧。如果第一电子设备发送action request帧，action request帧不包括UpLink measurement report Element这个元素，AP的action response帧包括UpLink measurement report Element这个元素。
即在步骤403之前，本申请实施例提供的方法还可以包括：步骤503，具体过程可以参考下述的描述，此处不再赘述。
步骤404、在第一上行链路的拥塞等级大于或等于第一预设拥塞等级，或者第一上行链路的状态为异常状态的情况下，第一电子设备优先选择从第一AP切换至第二AP。
其中，第一AP和第二AP具有相同的第一SSID，第二AP的第二上行链路的状态至少优于第一上行链路的状态，第一电子设备通过第一SSID访问网络。
本申请实施例中第二AP的第二上行链路的状态至少优于第一上行链路的状态可以表示为如下示例1～示例3中的描述：
作为一种示例1，第二AP的第二上行链路的拥塞等级小于第一上行链路的拥塞等级。
举例说明，第二AP的第二上行链路的拥塞等级为一般拥塞，而第一上行链路的拥塞等级为中等拥塞或者严重拥塞。或者又例如，第二AP的第二上行链路的拥塞等级为中等拥塞，而第一上行链路的拥塞等级为严重拥塞。
作为另一种示例2，第二上行链路的拥塞等级与第一上行链路的拥塞等级相同，但第二AP的空口信号质量高于第一AP的空口信号质量。
作为再一种示例3，当第一上行链路的状态为异常状态时，第二上行链路的状态为正常状态。进一步的，当第一上行链路的状态为异常状态时，第二上行链路的拥塞等级为一般拥塞。
本申请实施例中的第二AP为与第一AP具有相同的SSID的多个AP中的任一个，或者第二AP为与第一AP具有相同的SSID的多个AP中拥塞等级最低的一个。
举例说明，在第一电子设备接入第一电子设备的情况下，如果第一电子设备发现第一AP的上行链路处于异常状态，而除第一AP之外的接入该SSID的第二AP、第三AP的上行链路处于正常状态，且第二AP的拥塞等级为一般拥塞或者不拥塞，而第三AP的拥塞等级为中度拥塞，那么第一电子设备可以接入第二AP。
举例说明，在第一电子设备接入第一电子设备的情况下，如果第一电子设备发现 第一AP的上行链路的拥塞等级为严重拥塞，而除第一AP之外的接入该SSID的第二AP、第三AP的上行链路处于正常状态，且第二AP的拥塞等级为一般拥塞或者不拥塞，而第三AP的拥塞等级为中度拥塞，那么第一电子设备可以接入第二AP。
值得说明的是，在第一上行链路的拥塞等级大于或等于第一预设拥塞等级的情况下，若第一AP的上行链路处于正常状态，第一电子设备可以不进行AP切换，即继续使用第一AP访问网络。
本申请实施例中第一电子设备从第一AP切换至第二AP可以按照802.11r描述的流程快速切换接入第二AP，本申请实施例对此不做限定。
举例说明，以第一AP为上述图1所示的AP30，第二AP为图1所述的AP40，第一电子设备为已接入该AP30的STA10为例，如果STA10确定AP30的上行链路虽然处于正常状态，但是AP30的上行链路发生严重拥塞，而AP40的上行链路处于正常状态，且AP40的上行链路一般拥塞或者中度拥塞或无拥塞的情况下，STA10决定从AP30切换至AP40。又例如，如果STA10确定AP30的上行链路的状态为异常状态，而AP40的上行链路处于正常状态，且AP40的上行链路为一般拥塞或者中度拥塞或无拥塞或者严重拥塞的情况下，则STA10决定从AP30切换至AP40。又例如，如果STA10确定AP30和AP40的上行链路的状态均为正常状态，且AP30和AP40的拥塞等级相同(比如均为严重拥塞)，但是AP40的空口信号质量高于AP30的空口信号质量，那么STA10决定从AP30切换至AP40。
值得说明的是，当第一AP和第二AP的拥塞等级相同的情况下，STA10除了评估第一AP的空口信号质量和第二AP的空口信号质量(例如信号接收强度(received signal strength ndicator，RSSI)等)外，还可以评估其他参数，以确定是否从第一AP切换至第二AP。关于STA10如何确定AP的空口信号质量的方式可以参考现有技术中的描述，此处不再赘述。
可以理解的是，在第一上行链路的状态为正常状态的情况下，第一AP的拥塞等级为第一电子设备确定是否切换AP的参考指标，但是并非为唯一的指标。
关于步骤404中第一AP如何确定第二AP的方式可以参考下述步骤507和步骤508的描述，此处不再赘述。
作为一种可能的实施例，在第一电子设备从第一AP切换至第二AP之前，本申请实施例提供的方法还可以包括：第一电子设备确定第二AP的第二上行链路的拥塞等级和状态。关于第一电子设备确定第二AP的上行链路的拥塞等级和状态的方式可以参考下述方式1和方式2实现：
方式1、该第二AP的上行链路的拥塞等级和状态可以是第二AP主动发送给第一电子设备的，比如，第二AP周期性发送携带UpLink measurement report Element的Beacon帧，该beacon帧中包括第二字段。比如，第二字段包括字段21和字段22，字段21用于指示该第二AP的第二上行链路的拥塞等级。字段22用于指示第二上行链路的状态。这样一旦第一电子设备位于该网络覆盖范围内便可以根据收到的beacon帧中的字段21确定第二AP的第二上行链路的拥塞等级，以及根据字段22确定第二上行链路的状态。
需要说明的是，第一电子设备决定从第一AP切换至第二AP时，以最新确定的第二上行链路的拥塞等级为基准。
方式2、该第二AP的第二上行链路的拥塞等级和状态可以是第一电子设备向第二AP请求到的。比如，在第一电子设备确定该SSID标识的网络中除了第一AP还外具有第二AP的情况下，此时若第一电子设备处不具有第二AP的上行链路的拥塞等级，那么第一电子设备可以向第二AP发送用于查询第二AP的上行链路的拥塞等级和状态的消息，之后第二AP向第一电子设备发送第二AP的上行链路的拥塞等级和状态。
可以理解的是，本申请实施例中当第二AP的第二上行链路的拥塞等级低于第一AP的第一上行链路的拥塞等级时，即使第一AP的Wi-fi空口信号强度略高于第二AP的空口信号强度，第一电子设备也可以决定从第一AP切换至第二AP，以避免上网体验差的问题。
本申请实施例提供一种切换接入点的方法，该方法中第一电子设备从第一电子设备接入的第一AP处获取第一信息元素。然后，第一电子设备根据第一信息元素确定第一上行链路的状态，该第一上行链路的状态用于反映第一上行链路处于正常状态还是异常状态，以及在正常状态时的拥塞等级。因此，第一电子设备能够及时获知第一AP的上行链路的拥塞等级或者异常状态。在第一上行链路的拥塞等级大于或等于第一预设拥塞等级或者第一上行链路为异常状态时，第一电子设备可以优先选择切换到上行链路的状态至少优于第一上行链路的状态的第二AP中，从而避免了网络卡顿等问题，保障了用户的上网体验。
在一种可能的实施例中，在第一电子设备接收到第一消息的情况下，本申请实施例提供的方法还包括：第一电子设备向第一AP发送第一响应，相应的，第一AP接收来自第一电子设备的第一响应。该第一响应表示第一电子设备接收到第一AP的上行链路的第一消息。
示例性的，第一响应为action response帧。Action response帧表示第一电子设备接收到第一AP的第一消息。
例如，action response帧报文解析描述示例如下：
Figure PCTCN2021111279-appb-000011
比如，TBD3是action Code的值，当前action报文是UpLink Measurement Report Response报文(帧)。
如图5所示，图5示出了本申请实施例的另一种切换接入点的方法，该方法包括：
步骤501、第一AP向第一电子设备发送第三消息。相应的，第一电子设备接收来自第一AP的第三消息。该第三消息中携带第三字段。第三字段指示第一AP具有测量第一AP的上行链路的能力。
一种示例，本申请实施例中的第一AP可以主动向第一电子设备发送第三消息。比如，第一AP确定第一电子设备接入该第一AP的情况下，便向第一电子设备发送第 三消息。比如，第一AP周期性的向其覆盖范围内的电子设备发送无线网络的信息，例如，第一AP周期性可以在beacon帧中携带第三字段。
另一种示例，本申请实施例中的第一AP可以基于第一电子设备的触发才向第一电子设备发送第三消息。比如，第一AP接收来自第一电子设备的请求消息，该请求消息用于查询第一AP是否具有测量第一AP的上行链路的能力。
在一种可能的实现方式中，第三消息为第一帧，该第三字段位于第一帧中，第一帧包括以下中的一个或多个：beacon帧、probe response帧和association response帧。
作为一种可能的实现方式中，beacon帧、probe response帧和association response帧中具有第二元素信息。第三字段位于第二元素信息中。比如第二元素信息为无线测量(Radio Measurement，RM)使能能力元素(Enabled Capabilities Element)或RM Capabilities元素，第三字段位于RM Enabled Capabilities Element或RM Capabilities元素中。
举例说明，第一AP在beacon帧、probe response帧和association response帧的RM Enabled Capabilities Element(元素ID为70)中标识自身支持测量第一上行链路的能力。
其中，RM Enabled Capabilities Element用于定义AP/STA所支持的802.11k的能力集，包含5个字节，40Bits的能力标志位。本申请实施例在RM Enabled Capabilities Element中定义一个UpLink Measurement标志，置位就表示该802.11管理帧的发送方支持测量AP上行链路的能力。
扩展RM Enabled Capabilities的定义参考如下示例2：
示例2
Figure PCTCN2021111279-appb-000012
当然，UpLink Measurement标志也可以在RM Capabilities元素中扩展。
结合上述示例2，则UpLink Measurement标志处于使能(Enabled)状态，表示第一AP具有支持测量第一上行链路的能力，换言之，第三字段为UpLink Measurement，且UpLink Measurement的值为Enabled。
可以理解的是，在步骤501之后，本申请实施例中的第一电子设备便可以根据第三字段确定第一AP具有测量第一AP的第一上行链路的能力。
值得说明的是，上述第一电子设备从第一AP处获取第一AP具有测量第一AP的第一上行链路的能力为例，当然，第一电子设备也可以通过其他方式确定第一AP具有测量第一AP的第一上行链路的能力。
值得说明的是，在AP不支持上行链路拥塞等级测量的情况下，第一电子设备可以默认假设其上行链路一般拥塞或无拥塞。
步骤502、第一电子设备向第一AP发送第四消息。相应的，第一AP接收来自第 一电子设备的第四消息。该第四消息中包括第四字段，该第四字段用于指示第一电子设备具有处理AP的上行链路测量报告的能力。
一种示例，第一电子设备可以主动向第一AP发送第四消息。比如，第一电子设备在接入第一AP的过程中向第一AP发送第四消息。或者比如，第一电子设备在发现第一电子设备使用第一AP访问网络出现卡顿(比如，播放视频出现卡顿)或者连接不上远端服务器的情况下，第一电子设备向第一AP发送第四消息。
另一种示例，第一电子设备可以基于第一AP的触发再向第一AP发送第四消息。比如，第一电子设备接收来自第一AP的查询消息，该查询消息用于查询第一电子设备是否支持处理AP的上行链路的能力。比如，第一电子设备接收到第三消息的情况下，可以向第一AP发送第四消息。
示例性的，第四消息为第二元素帧，该第四字段位于第二元素帧中，第二元素帧包括probe request帧和association request帧中的一个或多个。
示例性的，probe request帧和association request帧中具有RM Enabled Capabilities Element或RM Capabilities元素，第四字段位于RM Enabled Capabilities Element或RM Capabilities元素中。换言之，第一电子设备在probe request帧和association request帧的RM Enabled Capabilities Element中标识第一电子设备支持处理AP上行链路测量的能力。
一方面，本申请实施例中第一电子设备具有处理AP的上行链路的能力中的“AP”可以是特指，即第一AP，表示该第一电子设备具有处理第一AP的上行链路的能力。另一方面，本申请实施例中第一电子设备具有处理AP的上行链路的能力中的“AP”可以是泛指，此时，表示第一电子设备不仅具有处理第一AP的上行链路的能力，还具有处理除第一AP外的其余AP的上行链路的能力。
通常情况下，本申请实施例中的步骤501和步骤502不分执行的先后顺序。
在一种可能的实施例中，如图5所示，在第一AP确定第一电子设备具有处理第一AP的上行链路的能力，第一电子设备获知第一AP具有测量第一AP的上行链路的能力的情况下，本申请实施例提供的方法还可以包括：
步骤503、第一电子设备向第一AP发送第五消息。相应的，第一AP接收来自第一电子设备的第五消息。该第五消息用于请求第一AP的上行链路的状态。
一方面，本申请实施例中的第一电子设备可以在发现第一电子设备使用第一AP访问网络出现卡顿(比如，播放视频出现卡顿)或者连接不上远端服务器的情况下，第一电子设备向第一AP发送第五消息。
另一方面，本申请实施例中的第一电子设备可以按照预设周期定期向第一AP发送第五消息。
作为一种可能的实现方式，第五消息中包括第五字段，该第五字段用于请求第一AP的上行链路的状态。
比如说，第五消息可以为action request帧。该action request帧中定义一个UpLink measurement的Category Code：TBD 1(例如16)，在UpLink measurement的Category下扩展一个UpLink measurement request的测量类型，对应的Action Code值为TBD2， 换言之，第五字段即为TBD2。
在一种可能的实现方式中，该第五消息中还可以携带SSID的元素，表示要查询该第一AP上指定SSID相关的AP上下行队列的丢包率。
在一种可能的实现方式中，该第五消息中若不携带SSID的元素，表示查询第一AP上该第一电子设备接入的SSID相关的AP上下行队列的丢包率。该SSID相关的AP包括第一AP。
步骤504～步骤505、同步骤401～步骤402，此处不再赘述。
在图5所示的实施例中，如果第一AP接收到第一电子设备的第五消息，那么第一AP获取最近一次周期性(例如1min)检测任务的检测结果，或基于第五消息的触发及时生成一个短周期的测试任务，完成测试后，回应来自第一电子设备的第五消息，将上行链路测量结果通过在action response帧中携带扩展的上行链路测量报告元素反馈给第一电子设备。
针对action request/response帧，扩展定义一个UpLink measurement的Category Code：TBD 1(例如16)，在UpLink measurement的Category下扩展一个UpLink measurement request的测量类型，对应的request Action值为TBD2，对应的response Action值为TBD3。
第一AP回应的UpLink measurement类型的Action response帧中必须携带扩展的上行链路测量报告元素(UpLink measurement report Element，Element ID为TBD4)。上行链路测量报告元素定义参考如下：
示例3
Figure PCTCN2021111279-appb-000013
上行链路测量报告元素在具体实现中也可以在厂商规格元素Vendor specific IE做 扩展，实现参考如下：
示例4
Figure PCTCN2021111279-appb-000014
步骤506、同步骤403，此处不再赘述。
步骤507、第一电子设备向第一AP发送第六消息，相应的，第一AP接收来自第一电子设备的第六消息。该第六消息用于查询接入SSID的邻居AP的信息。
作为一种可能的实现方式中，第一电子设备根据第一指示信息确定第一AP的上行链路的拥塞等级大于或等于预设拥塞等级的情况下，执行步骤506。可以理解的是，在第一电子设备处具有接入SSID的邻居AP的信息的情况下，步骤506和步骤507可以省略。
比如，第六消息可以为neighbor report的action request报文。其中，neighbor report的action request报文中携带SSID。
步骤508、第一AP向第一电子设备发送第六响应消息。相应的，第一电子设备接收来自第一AP的第六响应消息。该第六响应消息中包括第二AP的信息。
比如，第二AP的信息可以为第二AP的MAC地址。
比如，第六响应消息可以为neighbor report的action response报文。
步骤509、第一电子设备确定第二AP的第二上行链路的拥塞等级和状态。
关于步骤509的具体实现可以参考上述方式1和方式2的描述，此处不再赘述。
步骤510、第二上行链路的拥塞等级低于(或小于)第一上行链路的拥塞等级， 或者，第二上行链路的拥塞等级与第一上行链路的拥塞等级相同，但第二AP的空口信号质量高于第一AP的空口信号质量，第一电子设备优先从第一AP切换至第二AP。
在图5所示的实施例中，作为本申请的另一种可能的实施例，本申请实施例提供的方法还可以包括：第一电子设备发送提示信息，该提示信息用于提示第一AP的第一上行链路的状态。
上述图4和图5所描述的实施例可以适用于上述场景1，即结合图1以第一电子设备为STA10、第一AP为AP30，第二AP为AP40，该AP30和AP40部署在A场所，Wi-Fi重叠覆盖A场所，用户使用STA10在A场所上网为例，AP30和AP40以及STA10均支持AP上行链路的测量能力。AP30和AP40都配置了1min的周期性上行链路的检测任务。STA10初始接入AP30，已完成与AP30上行链路的测量能力的通告协商。之后STA10通过AP30开始访问云端多媒体服务器Server看视频。随着A场所上网用户的增加，上网流量增大，AP30的上行口带宽不足，开始出现丢包。AP30上播放视频出现卡顿。但是AP30的Wi-Fi的信号仍然很好。如果此时，STA10确定AP30的上行链路发生拥塞，而AP40的上行链路正常(未发生拥塞)，则STA10从AP30切换至AP40以访问云端多媒体服务器Server看视频。
如图6所示，图6示出了本申请实施例提供的一种接入接入点的方法，该方法包括：
步骤601、多个AP中每个AP发送第二消息，相应的，第一电子设备接收来自多个AP中每个AP的第二消息，第二消息包括第二字段，第二字段指示AP的上行链路的状态。其中，AP的上行链路的状态包括：正常状态以及拥塞等级，或者AP的上行链路的状态包括异常状态。该多个AP包括第一AP。
可以理解的是，第一电子设备位于该多个AP服务的网络覆盖范围内。
比如，第二消息可以为携带UpLink measurement report Element的beacon帧。以多个AP包括AP1和AP2为例，那么AP1可以发送携带UpLink measurement report Element的beacon帧以指示AP1的上行链路的状态。AP2可以发送携带UpLink measurement report Element的beacon帧以指示AP2的上行链路的状态。
步骤602、第一电子设备根据第二消息，优先选择第一AP接入。
一种可能的实现方式，第一AP的上行链路的拥塞等级在多个AP中最低。
比如，以多个AP包括第一AP，第二AP为例，此时第一电子设备还未接入第一AP和第二AP，以第一AP为AP1，第二AP为AP2为例，第一电子设备发现AP2的上行链路发生拥塞(比如拥塞等级为严重拥塞或者一般拥塞)，而AP1的上行链路未发生拥塞(比如，拥塞等级为无拥塞)，这使即使AP2的Wi-Fi空口信号强度略高于AP1，第一电子设备也主动选择优先接入AP1的对应热点，从而避免接入后上网体验差的问题。
另一种可能的实现方式，第一AP的上行链路的拥塞等级低于或等于预设拥塞等级。
比如，以多个AP包括第一AP，第二AP为例，此时第一电子设备还未接入第一AP和第二AP，以第一AP为AP1，第二AP为AP2为例，第一电子设备发现AP2的 上行链路发生拥塞(比如拥塞等级为严重拥塞)，而AP1的上行链路未发生拥塞(比如，拥塞等级为一般拥塞或无拥塞)，假设预设拥塞等级为一般拥塞等级，这使即使AP2的Wi-Fi空口信号强度略高于AP1，第一电子设备也主动选择优先接入AP1的对应热点，从而避免接入后上网体验差的问题。
作为再一种可能的实现方式，本申请实施例中的第一AP的第一上行链路的拥塞等级在多个AP中最低，且第一AP的空口质量高于预设空口信号质量。
或者，本申请实施例中的第一AP的第一上行链路的拥塞等级和多个AP中第二AP的第二上行链路的拥塞等级相同，但是第一AP的空口质量高于预设空口信号质量。或者，本申请实施例中的第一AP的第一上行链路的拥塞等级和多个AP中第二AP的第二上行链路的拥塞等级相同，且，二者的空口质量均高于预设空口质量，接入第一AP的电子设备数量低于预设数量阈值。
举例说明，在第一电子设备位于第一区域，且未接入为该第一区域服务的多个AP覆盖的网络之前，如图7所示，用户通过第一电子设备查看该第一电子设备在该第一区域中可接入的网络，如果用户发现该第一区域中存在网络1和网络2，其中，网络1为AP40覆盖的网络，而网络2为AP30覆盖的网络。假如用户选择网络1接入，则第一电子设备可以在其显示界面显示如图8所示的信息，以提示用户该网络1对应的AP30的上行链路状态的拥塞等级，不推荐接入，或直接选择接入该SSID对应的其他不拥塞的AP接入。值得说明的是，如果用户执意接入网络1，那么第一电子设备可以基于用户的指示，接入AP30。
值得说明的是，在图6中，在第一电子设备还未接入第一AP之前，如果第一电子设备接收到的多个AP中每个AP的上行链路的状态，那么第一电子设备可以将每个AP的上行链路的状态作为接入AP的一个参考依据，比如优先接入上行链路未发生拥塞的AP或者优先接入拥塞等级较低的AP，本申请实施例对此不做限定。
在另一种可能的实施例中，第一电子设备还可以采用图6所示的实施例以外的方式选择接入第一AP，比如第一电子设备位于某个网络范围内时，虽然第一电子设备此时并不知道该网络范围内的各个AP的上行链路的状态，但是第一电子设备可以基于用户的选择随机接入一个AP，那么该AP即为第一AP。
图6所示的实施例可以适用于第一电子设备未接入第一AP之前的场景。该图6所示的实施例可以和图4和图5所示的实施例相结合。比如，图4和图5所示的实施例描述的步骤401和步骤501之前还可以包括步骤601～步骤602。
值得说明的是，当第一AP的上行链路的拥塞等级高于或等于预设拥塞等级的情况下，如果用户期望接入该第一AP对应的SSID时，本申请实施例提供的方法还可以包括：第一电子设备发送提示信息，提示信息用于提示用户第一AP的上行链路有拥塞或异常，不推荐接入。
上述主要从各个网元之间交互的角度对本申请实施例的方案进行了介绍。可以理解的是，各个网元，例如第一电子设备、第一接入点等为了实现上述功能，其包括了执行各个功能相应的结构和/或软件模块。本领域技术人员应该很容易意识到，结合本文中所公开的实施例描述的各示例的单元及算法步骤，本申请能够以硬件或硬件和计 算机软件的结合形式来实现。某个功能究竟以硬件还是计算机软件驱动硬件的方式来执行，取决于技术方案的特定应用和设计约束条件。专业技术人员可以对每个特定的应用来使用不同方法来实现所描述的功能，但是这种实现不应认为超出本申请的范围。
本申请实施例可以根据上述方法示例第一电子设备、第一接入点进行功能单元的划分，例如，可以对应各个功能划分各个功能单元，也可以将两个或两个以上的功能集成在一个处理单元中。上述集成的单元既可以采用硬件的形式实现，也可以采用软件功能单元的形式实现。需要说明的是，本申请实施例中对单元的划分是示意性的，仅仅为一种逻辑功能划分，实际实现时可以有另外的划分方式。
上面结合图4至图8，对本申请实施例的方法进行了说明，下面对本申请实施例提供的执行上述方法的通信装置进行描述。本领域技术人员可以理解，方法和装置可以相互结合和引用，本申请实施例提供的通信装置可以执行上述分析方法中由第一电子设备、第一接入点执行的步骤。
在采用集成单元的情况下，图9示出了上述实施例中所涉及的通信装置，该通信装置可以包括：通信模块913和处理模块912。
在一种可选的实现方式中，该通信装置还可以包括存储模块911，用于存储通信装置的程序代码和数据。
一种示例，该通信装置为第一电子设备，或者为应用于第一电子设备中的芯片。在这种情况下，通信模块913用于支持该通信装置与外部网元(例如，第一接入点)通信。例如，通信模块913用于执行上述方法实施例中第一电子设备的信号收发操作。处理模块912用于执行上述方法实施例中第一电子设备的信号处理操作。
一方面，在本申请的一个实施例中，通信模块913用于执行上述实施例的图4的步骤403中由第一电子设备执行的接收动作。处理模块912，用于支持该通信装置执行图4的步骤404和步骤405。
又例如，在本申请的另一个实施例中，通信模块913用于执行上述实施例的图5的步骤501中由第一电子设备执行的接收动作，以及步骤502和步骤503中由第一电子设备执行的发送动作。处理模块912，用于支持该通信装置执行图5的步骤508和步骤509以及步骤510。
另一方面，在本申请的一个实施例中，通信模块913用于执行上述实施例的图6的步骤601中由第一电子设备执行的接收动作。处理模块912，用于支持该通信装置执行图6的步骤602。
再一种示例，该通信装置为第一接入点，或者为应用于第一接入点中的芯片。在这种情况下，通信模块913用于支持该通信装置与外部网元(例如，第一电子设备)通信。例如，通信模块913用于执行上述方法实施例中第一接入点的信号收发操作。处理模块912用于执行上述方法实施例中第一接入点的信号处理操作。
一方面，在本申请的一个实施例中，通信模块913用于执行上述实施例的图4的步骤403中由第一接入点执行的发送动作。处理模块912，用于支持该通信装置执行图4的步骤401和步骤402。
又例如，在本申请的另一个实施例中，通信模块913用于执行上述实施例的图5 的步骤501以及步骤507中由第一接入点执行的发送动作。通信模块913，还用于执行上述实施例的图5的步骤502、步骤503以及步骤506中由第一接入点执行的接收动作。
另一方面，在本申请的一个实施例中，通信模块913用于执行上述实施例的图6的步骤601中由第一接入点执行的发送动作。
其中，处理模块912可以是处理器或控制器，例如可以是中央处理器单元，通用处理器，数字信号处理器，专用集成电路，现场可编程门阵列或者其他可编程逻辑器件、晶体管逻辑器件、硬件部件或者其任意组合。其可以实现或执行结合本申请公开内容所描述的各种示例性的逻辑方框，模块和电路。处理器也可以是实现计算功能的组合，例如包含一个或多个微处理器组合，数字信号处理器和微处理器的组合等等。通信模块可以是收发器、收发电路或通信接口等。存储模块可以是存储器。
图10示出了上述实施例中所涉及的通信装置，该通信装置可以包括：通信单元1013和处理单元1012。
在一种可选的实现方式中，该通信装置还可以包括存储单元1011，用于存储通信装置的程序代码和数据。
一种示例，该通信装置为第一电子设备，或者为应用于第一电子设备中的芯片。在这种情况下，通信单元1013用于支持该通信装置与外部网元(例如，第一接入点)通信。例如，通信单元1013用于执行上述方法实施例中第一电子设备的信号收发操作。处理单元1012用于执行上述方法实施例中第一电子设备的信号处理操作。
一方面，在本申请的一个实施例中，通信单元1013用于执行上述实施例的图4的步骤403中由第一电子设备执行的接收动作。处理单元1012，用于支持该通信装置执行图4的步骤404和步骤405。
又例如，在本申请的另一个实施例中，通信单元1013用于执行上述实施例的图5的步骤501中由第一电子设备执行的接收动作，以及步骤502和步骤503中由第一电子设备执行的发送动作。处理单元1012，用于支持该通信装置执行图5的步骤508和步骤509以及步骤510。
另一方面，在本申请的一个实施例中，通信单元1013用于执行上述实施例的图6的步骤601中由第一电子设备执行的接收动作。处理单元1012，用于支持该通信装置执行图6的步骤602。
再一种示例，该通信装置为第一接入点，或者为应用于第一接入点中的芯片。在这种情况下，通信单元1013用于支持该通信装置与外部网元(例如，第一电子设备)通信。例如，通信单元1013用于执行上述方法实施例中第一接入点的信号收发操作。处理单元1012用于执行上述方法实施例中第一接入点的信号处理操作。
一方面，在本申请的一个实施例中，通信单元1013用于执行上述实施例的图4的步骤403中由第一接入点执行的发送动作。处理单元1012，用于支持该通信装置执行图4的步骤401和步骤402。
又例如，在本申请的另一个实施例中，通信单元1013用于执行上述实施例的图5的步骤501以及步骤507中由第一接入点执行的发送动作。通信单元1013，还用于执 行上述实施例的图5的步骤502、步骤503以及步骤506中由第一接入点执行的接收动作。
另一方面，在本申请的一个实施例中，通信单元1013用于执行上述实施例的图6的步骤601中由第一接入点执行的发送动作。
当第一接入点采用硬件实现时，本申请所涉及的第一接入点可以为图3所示的通信设备。
示例1，该通信设备为第一接入点，或者为应用于第一接入点中的芯片。在这种情况下，通信接口303用于支持该通信装置与外部网元(例如，第一电子设备)通信。例如，通信接口303用于执行上述方法实施例中第一接入点的信号收发操作。处理器301和处理器305用于执行上述方法实施例中第一接入点的信号处理操作。
一方面，在本申请的一个实施例中，通信接口303用于执行上述实施例的图4的步骤403中由第一接入点执行的发送动作。处理器301和处理器305，用于支持该通信装置执行图4的步骤401和步骤402。
又例如，在本申请的另一个实施例中，通信接口303用于执行上述实施例的图5的步骤501以及步骤507中由第一接入点执行的发送动作。通信接口303，还用于执行上述实施例的图5的步骤502、步骤503以及步骤506中由第一接入点执行的接收动作。
另一方面，在本申请的一个实施例中，通信接口303用于执行上述实施例的图6的步骤601中由第一接入点执行的发送动作。
当第一电子设备采用硬件实现时，本申请所涉及的第一电子设备可以为图2所示的电子设备。
上述处理单元1012或处理模块912可以集成在处理器210中。存储单元1011或存储模块913可以集成在内部存储器221中。通信单元1013或通信模块911可以集成在无线通信模块260中。
关于处理器210所执行的步骤可以参考处理单元1012或处理模块912执行的动作。无线通信模块260执行的动作可以参考通信单元1013或通信模块911执行的动作，此处不再赘述。
图11是本申请实施例提供的芯片110的结构示意图。芯片110包括一个或两个以上(包括两个)处理器1110和通信接口1130。
可选的，该芯片110还包括存储器1140，存储器1140可以包括只读存储器和随机存取存储器，并向处理器1110提供操作指令和数据。存储器1140的一部分还可以包括非易失性随机存取存储器(non-volatile random access memory，NVRAM)。
在一些实施方式中，存储器1140存储了如下的元素，执行模块或者数据结构，或者他们的子集，或者他们的扩展集。
在本申请实施例中，通过调用存储器1140存储的操作指令(该操作指令可存储在操作系统中)，执行相应的操作。
一种可能的实现方式中为：第一电子设备、第一接入点的结构类似，不同的装置可以使用不同的芯片以实现各自的功能。
处理器1110控制第一电子设备、第一接入点中任一个的处理操作，处理器1110还可以称为中央处理单元(central processing unit，CPU)。
存储器1140可以包括只读存储器和随机存取存储器，并向处理器1110提供指令和数据。存储器1140的一部分还可以包括NVRAM。例如应用中存储器1140、通信接口1130以及存储器1140通过总线系统1120耦合在一起，其中总线系统1120除包括数据总线之外，还可以包括电源总线、控制总线和状态信号总线等。但是为了清楚说明起见，在图11中将各种总线都标为总线系统1120。
上述本申请实施例揭示的方法可以应用于处理器1110中，或者由处理器1110实现。处理器1110可能是一种集成电路芯片，具有信号的处理能力。在实现过程中，上述方法的各步骤可以通过处理器1110中的硬件的集成逻辑电路或者软件形式的指令完成。上述的处理器1110可以是通用处理器、数字信号处理器(digital signal processing，DSP)、ASIC、现成可编程门阵列(field-programmable gate array，FPGA)或者其他可编程逻辑器件、分立门或者晶体管逻辑器件、分立硬件组件。可以实现或者执行本申请实施例中的公开的各方法、步骤及逻辑框图。通用处理器可以是微处理器或者该处理器也可以是任何常规的处理器等。结合本申请实施例所公开的方法的步骤可以直接体现为硬件译码处理器执行完成，或者用译码处理器中的硬件及软件模块组合执行完成。软件模块可以位于随机存储器，闪存、只读存储器，可编程只读存储器或者电可擦写可编程存储器、寄存器等本领域成熟的存储介质中。该存储介质位于存储器1140，处理器1110读取存储器1140中的信息，结合其硬件完成上述方法的步骤。
一种可能的实现方式中，通信接口1130用于执行图4～图6所示的实施例中的第一电子设备的接收和发送的步骤。处理器1110用于执行图4～图6所示的实施例中的第一电子设备的处理的步骤。
一种可能的实现方式中，通信接口1130用于执行图4～图6所示的实施例中的第一接入点的接收和发送的步骤。处理器1110用于执行图4～图6所示的实施例中的第一接入点处理的步骤。
以上通信模块可以是该装置的一种通信接口，用于从其它装置接收信号。例如，当该装置以芯片的方式实现时，该通信模块是该芯片用于从其它芯片或装置接收信号或发送信号的通信接口。
一方面，提供一种计算机可读存储介质，计算机可读存储介质中存储有指令，当指令被运行时，实现如图4～图6中由第一电子设备执行的功能。
一方面，提供一种包括指令的计算机程序产品，计算机程序产品中包括指令，当指令被运行时，实现如图4～图6中由第一接入点执行的功能。
一方面，提供一种芯片，该芯片应用于第一电子设备中，芯片包括至少一个处理器和通信接口，通信接口和至少一个处理器耦合，处理器用于运行指令，以实现如图6中由第一电子设备执行的功能。
一方面，提供一种芯片，该芯片应用于第一电子设备中，芯片包括至少一个处理器和通信接口，通信接口和至少一个处理器耦合，处理器用于运行指令，以实现如图6中由第一接入点执行的功能。
本申请实施例提供一种通信系统，该通信系统包括：第一电子设备和第一接入点。其中，第一电子设备用于执行如图4～图6中由第一电子设备执行的功能，第一接入点用于执行图4～图6中由第一AP执行的功能。
在上述实施例中，可以全部或部分地通过软件、硬件、固件或者其任意组合来实现。当使用软件实现时，可以全部或部分地以计算机程序产品的形式实现。所述计算机程序产品包括一个或多个计算机程序或指令。在计算机上加载和执行所述计算机程序或指令时，全部或部分地执行本申请实施例所述的流程或功能。所述计算机可以是通用计算机、专用计算机、计算机网络、网络设备、用户设备或者其它可编程装置。所述计算机程序或指令可以存储在计算机可读存储介质中，或者从一个计算机可读存储介质向另一个计算机可读存储介质传输，例如，所述计算机程序或指令可以从一个网站站点、计算机、服务器或数据中心通过有线或无线方式向另一个网站站点、计算机、服务器或数据中心进行传输。所述计算机可读存储介质可以是计算机能够存取的任何可用介质或者是集成一个或多个可用介质的服务器、数据中心等数据存储设备。所述可用介质可以是磁性介质，例如，软盘、硬盘、磁带；也可以是光介质，例如，数字视频光盘(digital video disc，DVD)；还可以是半导体介质，例如，固态硬盘(solid state drive，SSD)。
尽管在此结合各实施例对本申请进行了描述，然而，在实施所要求保护的本申请过程中，本领域技术人员通过查看附图、公开内容、以及所附权利要求书，可理解并实现公开实施例的其他变化。在权利要求中，“包括”(comprising)一词不排除其他组成部分或步骤，“一”或“一个”不排除多个的情况。单个处理器或其他单元可以实现权利要求中列举的若干项功能。相互不同的从属权利要求中记载了某些措施，但这并不表示这些措施不能组合起来产生良好的效果。
尽管结合具体特征及其实施例对本申请进行了描述，显而易见的，在不脱离本申请的精神和范围的情况下，可对其进行各种修改和组合。相应地，本说明书和附图仅仅是所附权利要求所界定的本申请的示例性说明，且视为已覆盖本申请范围内的任意和所有修改、变化、组合或等同物。显然，本领域的技术人员可以对本申请进行各种改动和变型而不脱离本申请的精神和范围。这样，倘若本申请的这些修改和变型属于本申请权利要求及其等同技术的范围之内，则本申请也意图包括这些改动和变型在内。

Claims (25)

  1. 一种切换接入点的方法，其特征在于，所述方法包括：
    第一电子设备接收来自第一接入点的第一消息，所述第一消息包括第一信息元素，所述第一信息元素用于指示所述第一接入点的第一上行链路的状态，所述第一上行链路的状态包括所述第一上行链路处于正常状态时的拥塞等级，或者异常状态，所述第一电子设备接入所述第一接入点，其中，所述第一电子设备具有处理接入点的上行链路测量报告的能力，所述第一接入点具有测量上行链路的能力；
    所述第一电子设备确定所述第一上行链路的拥塞等级大于或等于第一预设拥塞等级，或者所述第一上行链路的状态为异常状态；
    所述第一电子设备优先从所述第一接入点切换至第二接入点；
    其中，所述第二接入点的第二上行链路的状态至少优于所述第一上行链路的状态，所述第一接入点和所述第二接入点具有相同的第一服务集标识，所述第一电子设备通过所述第一服务集标识访问网络。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一信息元素中包括第一字段，其中，所述第一字段用于指示所述第一上行链路的状态。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第二上行链路的状态为正常状态；或者，
    所述第二上行链路的拥塞等级低于所述第一上行链路的拥塞等级；或者，
    所述第二上行链路的拥塞等级与所述第一上行链路的拥塞等级相同，但是所述第二接入点的空口信号质量高于所述第一接入点的空口信号质量。
  4. 根据权利要求1～3任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，在所述第一电子设备还未接入所述第一接入点的情况下，所述第一电子设备接收来自第一接入点的第一消息之前，所述方法还包括：
    所述第一电子设备接收来自多个接入点中每个接入点的第二消息，所述第二消息包括第二字段，其中，所述第二字段用于指示所述接入点的上行链路的状态，任一个接入点的上行链路的状态包括所述任一个接入点的上行链路处于正常状态时的拥塞等级，或者异常状态，所述多个接入点包括所述第一接入点；
    所述第一电子设备根据所述第二消息，优先选择接入所述第一接入点。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一电子设备根据所述第二消息，优先选择接入所述第一接入点，包括：
    所述第一电子设备确定用户指示接入所述多个接入点中的第三接入点；
    在所述第三接入点的上行链路的拥塞等级大于或等于预设拥塞等级，或者所述第三接入点的上行链路处于异常状态的情况下，所述第一电子设备发送提示信息，或者，所述第一电子设备选择接入所述第一接入点。
  6. 根据权利要求4或5所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第二消息包括信标帧或探测响应帧，所述第二字段位于所述信标帧或所述探测响应帧中。
  7. 根据权利要求1～6任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一电子设备接收来自第一接入点的第一消息之前，所述方法还包括：
    所述第一电子设备接收来自所述第一接入点的第三消息，所述第三消息中携带第 三字段，所述第三字段指示所述第一接入点具有测量上行链路的能力。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第三消息包括第一帧，所述第三字段位于所述第一帧中，所述第一帧包括以下中的一个或多个：信标帧、探测响应帧和关联响应帧。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的方法，其特征在于，所述信标帧、探测响应帧和关联响应帧中具有第二信息元素，所述第三字段位于所述第二信息元素中。
  10. 根据权利要求1～9任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一电子设备接收来自第一接入点的第一消息之前，所述方法还包括：
    所述第一电子设备向所述第一接入点发送第四消息，所述第四消息中包括第四字段，所述第四字段用于指示所述第一电子设备具有处理接入点的上行链路测量报告的能力。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第四消息包括第二元素帧，所述第四字段位于所述第二元素帧中，所述第二元素帧包括探测请求帧和关联响应帧中的一个或多个。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的方法，其特征在于，所述探测请求帧和关联响应帧中具有第三信息元素，所述第四字段位于表示所述第三信息元素中。
  13. 根据权利要求1～12任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一电子设备接收来自第一接入点的第一消息之前，所述方法还包括：
    所述第一电子设备向所述第一接入点发送第五消息，所述第五消息用于请求所述第一上行链路的状态。
  14. 切换接入点的方法，其特征在于，包括：
    第一接入点检测所述第一接入点的第一上行链路的丢包率，所述第一接入点具有测量上行链路的能力；
    所述第一接入点根据所述第一接入点的上行链路的丢包率确定所述第一上行链路的拥塞等级；
    所述第一接入点向第一电子设备发送第一消息，所述第一消息包括第一信息元素，所述第一信息元素用于指示所述第一接入点的第一上行链路的状态，所述第一上行链路的状态包括所述第一上行链路处于正常状态时的拥塞等级，或者异常状态，所述第一电子设备接入所述第一接入点，所述第一电子设备具有处理接入点的上行链路测量报告的能力。
  15. 根据权利要求14所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一信息元素中包括第一字段，其中，所述第一字段用于指示所述第一上行链路的状态。
  16. 根据权利要求14或15所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一接入点根据所述第一接入点的上行链路的丢包率确定所述第一上行链路的拥塞等级之前，所述方法还包括：
    所述第一接入点向所述第一电子设备发送第三消息，所述第三消息中携带第三字段，所述第三字段指示所述第一接入点具有测量所述第一上行链路的能力。
  17. 根据权利要求16所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第三消息包括第一帧，所述第三字段位于所述第一帧中，所述第一帧包括以下中的一个或多个：信标帧、探测响 应帧和关联响应帧。
  18. 根据权利要求14～17任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一接入点根据所述第一接入点的上行链路的丢包率确定所述第一上行链路的拥塞等级之前，所述方法还包括：
    所述第一接入点接收来自所述第一电子设备的第四消息，所述第四消息中包括第四字段，所述第四字段用于指示所述第一电子设备具有处理所述第一接入点的上行链路的能力。
  19. 根据权利要求18所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第四消息包括第二元素帧，所述第四字段位于所述第二元素帧中，所述第二元素帧包括探测请求帧和关联请求帧中的一个或多个。
  20. 根据权利要求14～19任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一接入点根据所述第一接入点的上行链路的丢包率确定所述第一上行链路的拥塞等级之前，所述方法还包括：
    所述第一接入点接收来自所述第一电子设备的第五消息，所述第五消息用于请求所述第一接入点的上行链路的状态。
  21. 一种计算机可读存储介质，其特征在于，所述可读存储介质中存储有指令，当所述指令被执行时，实现如权利要求1～13或14～20任一项所述的方法。
  22. 一种芯片，其特征在于，所述芯片包括处理器，所述处理器和通信接口耦合，所述处理器用于运行计算机程序或指令，以实现如权利要求1～13或14～20任一项所述的方法，所述通信接口用于与所述芯片之外的其它模块进行通信。
  23. 一种电子设备，其特征在于，包括：至少一个处理器，所述至少一个处理器与通信接口连接，所述通信接口用于接收或发送信息，所述至少一个处理器用于运行存储器中存储的指令以执行如权利要求1～13任一项所述的方法。
  24. 一种接入点，其特征在于，包括：至少一个处理器，所述至少一个处理器与通信接口连接，所述通信接口用于接收或发送信息，所述至少一个处理器用于运行存储器中存储的指令以执行如权利要求14～19任一项所述的方法。
  25. 一种通信系统，其特征在于，包括：第一电子设备和多个接入点，所述接入点用于执行权利要求14～19任一项所述的方法，所述第一电子设备用于实现如权利要求1～13或14～20任一项所述的方法。
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