WO2021169698A1 - 一种连接管理方法及相关设备 - Google Patents

一种连接管理方法及相关设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021169698A1
WO2021169698A1 PCT/CN2021/073579 CN2021073579W WO2021169698A1 WO 2021169698 A1 WO2021169698 A1 WO 2021169698A1 CN 2021073579 W CN2021073579 W CN 2021073579W WO 2021169698 A1 WO2021169698 A1 WO 2021169698A1
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Prior art keywords
data
network
application
pdu session
electronic device
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PCT/CN2021/073579
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English (en)
French (fr)
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窦凤辉
金辉
杨锐
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华为技术有限公司
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Publication of WO2021169698A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021169698A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W36/00—Hand-off or reselection arrangements
    • H04W36/24—Reselection being triggered by specific parameters
    • H04W36/30—Reselection being triggered by specific parameters by measured or perceived connection quality data
    • H04W36/302—Reselection being triggered by specific parameters by measured or perceived connection quality data due to low signal strength
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W36/00—Hand-off or reselection arrangements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W76/00—Connection management
    • H04W76/10—Connection setup

Definitions

  • This application relates to the field of communication technology, and in particular to a connection management method and related equipment.
  • a session is a connection between a user equipment (UE) and a data network (data network, DN), and is used to transmit data between the UE and the data network.
  • UE user equipment
  • DN data network
  • PDU protocol data unit
  • a UE can establish multiple PDU sessions to transmit data of different applications.
  • UEs such as mobile phones
  • the UE can either use Wi-Fi network to transmit data, or use a cellular data network to transmit data.
  • Wi-Fi network and the cellular data network are available at the same time, the UE will preferentially use the Wi-Fi network to transmit data.
  • the cellular data network when the UE detects that the link quality of the Wi-Fi network currently in use has deteriorated, the cellular data network is activated. When the cellular data network is enabled, the cellular data network also needs to be prepared for the sessions needed to transmit data. In the 5G scenario, the UE also needs to prepare a PDU session that meets the requirements of the foreground running application in the UE. In this way, when the UE switches from using the Wi-Fi network to transmit data to using the cellular data network to transmit data, it will take a long time for the UE to receive or send out application data.
  • a user uses a video application in UE to watch a video, or a game application to play a game, they will find that the video screen or game interface freezes, and the smooth video cannot be watched or the game interface cannot be based on User operation refresh. In this way, the user experience is poor.
  • the present application provides a connection management method and related equipment, which can reduce the time when the foreground application in the electronic device is stuck when the network quality of the current network link deteriorates.
  • this application provides a connection management method, which is applied to an electronic device, and the method specifically includes: using a wireless fidelity Wi-Fi network to transmit data of a first application; acquiring first data, where the first data includes Link quality information between the current Wi-Fi network and the electronic device; determine whether the first data meets the switching connection condition, the switching connection condition is determined by the electronic device based on historical data; if the first data meets the switching connection condition, determine the electronic device Whether there is a first PDU session in the current protocol data unit PDU session, the first PDU session meets the data transmission condition of the first application; if the first PDU session does not exist, the first PDU session is established, and the first PDU session is passed Transmit the data of the first application, or transmit the data of the first application through the Wi-Fi network and the first PDU session; if the first PDU session exists, transmit the data of the first application through the first PDU session, or through the Wi-Fi network Conversation with the first PDU to transmit the data of the first application.
  • the electronic device when the electronic device predicts that the network quality of the Wi-Fi network currently in use will deteriorate in a certain period of time, the electronic device starts to activate the 5G network and prepares the foreground application The corresponding PDU session. Then, the electronic device transmits the data of the foreground application through the PDU session, or transmits the data of the foreground application through the PDU session and the Wi-Fi network. Electronic devices can prepare a 5G network in advance before the network quality of the Wi-Fi network deteriorates. In this way, it is possible to prevent the user from feeling that the foreground application is running stuck when using the foreground application in the electronic device, and the user experience is improved.
  • the first PDU session satisfies the data transmission condition of the first application, including: the first application is associated with the first PDU session, or the first PDU session corresponds to the first application
  • the parameter matching in the routing descriptor of the routing descriptor includes at least one of the single network slice selection auxiliary information S-NSSAI, the service and session continuity SSC mode, the data network identifier DNN, and the access type.
  • the method further includes: collecting historical data, and generating switching connection conditions based on the historical data.
  • the historical data includes historical connection data between the Wi-Fi network and the electronic device, and/or information collected by sensors in the electronic device when the electronic device is connected to the Wi-Fi network.
  • the historical connection data may include the MAC address of the electronic device connected to Wi-Fi, SSID (Service Set Identifier), the time of connecting to Wi-Fi, the time of disconnecting the electronic device from Wi-Fi, and the period during which the electronic device is connected to the Wi-Fi network.
  • the information collected by the sensor may include acceleration information collected by an acceleration sensor, information collected by a gyroscope sensor, and information collected by a gravity sensor.
  • the switching connection condition includes that the signal strength of the Wi-Fi network received by the electronic device is lower than the first threshold.
  • the switching connection condition includes the time when the electronic device transmits the data of the first application through the Wi-Fi network. Extension is greater than the second threshold;
  • the switching connection condition includes that the signal quality of the Wi-Fi network received by the electronic device is lower than the third threshold.
  • the switching connection condition includes that the throughput rate of the network link between the electronic device and the Wi-Fi network is lower than The fourth threshold.
  • the switching connection condition is the packet loss when the electronic device transmits the data of the first application through the Wi-Fi network
  • the rate is greater than the fifth threshold.
  • the switching connection condition is that the current time of the electronic device is in the second time period, and the second time period is the first time period.
  • the method of the first aspect further includes: the electronic device collects learning data, and the first time when the electronic device acquires the first data is determined according to the learning data;
  • the electronic device collecting the first data specifically includes: the electronic device acquiring the first data at the first time. In this way, the electronic device only obtains the first data at a fixed time, which can save the power consumption of the electronic device.
  • the electronic device periodically collects the first data.
  • the electronic device can know the network quality of the network to which the electronic device is connected in time, so that the electronic device can switch the network link in time before the network quality of the network link in the electronic device deteriorates.
  • the method before judging whether the first PDU session exists in the current protocol data unit PDU session of the electronic device, the method includes: the electronic device determines the remaining traffic in the 5G data traffic package subscribed by the user If the data exceeds the threshold A, the electronic device determines whether there is a first PDU session among the protocol data unit PDU sessions currently existing in the electronic device. Otherwise, the electronic device does not perform the step of switching the Wi-Fi network link to the 5G network link. In this way, you can avoid adding additional data traffic charges for users.
  • the method before determining whether there is a first PDU session in the current protocol data unit PDU session of the electronic device, the method includes: the electronic device determines that the remaining power exceeds the threshold B, then the electronic device determines that the electronic device Whether there is a first PDU session in the current protocol data unit PDU session of the device. Otherwise, the electronic device does not perform the step of switching the Wi-Fi network link to the 5G network link. In this way, the power consumption of the UE can be saved, and the shutdown of the UE due to the UE switching the Wi-Fi network link to the 5G network link can be avoided.
  • the first application is an application running in the foreground of the electronic device.
  • the present application provides a connection management method, which is applied to an electronic device, and includes: using a first network link to transmit data of a first application; Link quality information; determine whether the first data meets the switching connection condition, the switching connection condition is determined by the electronic device according to the first historical data; if the first data meets the switching connection condition, the second network link is started; through the second network The link transmits the data of the first application, or the data of the first application is transmitted through the second network link and the first network link.
  • the second network link when the first network link is a Wi-Fi network, the second network link may be a cellular data network; when the first network link is a 4G cellular data network, the second network link may be a Wi-Fi network Or a 5G cellular data network; when the first network link is a cellular data network provided by SIM card 1, the second network link can be a Wi-Fi network or a cellular data network provided by SIM card 2.
  • the electronic device can predict that the network link currently used by the electronic device (that is, the first network link) will deteriorate in network quality after a period of time. Before the network quality of the current network link deteriorates, the electronic device prepares the backup network link (ie, the second network link), and transmits the foreground through the backup network link, or through the backup network link and the current network link at the same time Application data. By predicting the network quality of the current network link, the electronic device can take measures in advance before the network quality of the current network link deteriorates, so as to avoid stalling when the foreground application runs after the link quality of the network link deteriorates.
  • this method can reduce the number of times that users experience time delays and freezes during the running of the foreground application. In this way, the user experience can be improved.
  • the method further includes: collecting first historical data, and generating a handover connection condition according to the first historical data.
  • the historical data includes historical connection data between the first network link and the electronic device, and/or information collected by a sensor in the electronic device when the electronic device is connected to the first network link.
  • the historical connection data may include the time when the electronic device is connected to the first network link, the time when the electronic device disconnects the first network link, and the link quality of the first network link while the electronic device is connected to the first network link.
  • the information collected by the sensor may include acceleration information collected by an acceleration sensor, information collected by a gyroscope sensor, and information collected by a gravity sensor.
  • the switching connection condition is that the signal strength of the first network link is lower than the first threshold.
  • the link quality information is the delay information when the electronic device transmits the data of the first application through the first network link
  • the switching connection condition is when the electronic device transmits the data of the first application through the first network link The delay is greater than the second threshold
  • the switching connection condition is that the signal quality of the first network link is lower than the third threshold.
  • the switching connection condition is that the throughput rate of the first network link is lower than the fourth threshold.
  • the switching connection condition is that the electronic device transmits the data of the first application through the first network link.
  • the packet loss rate is greater than the fifth threshold.
  • the switching connection condition is that the current time of the electronic device is in the second time period, and the second time period The period is the time period before the first time period.
  • the switching connection condition is that the acceleration currently acquired by the electronic device is greater than the sixth threshold.
  • the method of the first aspect further includes: the electronic device collects learning data, and according to the learning data, determines the first time when the electronic device acquires the first data;
  • the electronic device collecting the first data specifically includes: the electronic device acquiring the first data at the first time. In this way, the electronic device only collects the first data at a fixed time, which can save the power consumption of the electronic device.
  • the electronic device periodically obtains the first data.
  • the electronic device can know the network quality of the network to which the electronic device is connected in time, so that the electronic device can switch the network link in time before the network quality of the network link in the electronic device deteriorates.
  • the first application is an application running in the foreground of the electronic device.
  • the electronic device activating the second network link includes: acquiring the second data, and determining whether the second data meets the first condition, and if so, the electronic device starts the second network link.
  • the internet wherein, the second data includes link quality information of the current second network link, and the first condition is generated based on the second historical data. In this way, first determine the link quality of the second network link. Only when the link quality of the second network link meets the condition can it be switched to the second network link. It is avoided that the network link after the switch is not good, and the electronic device starts to trigger the process of switching the network link again, which saves the power consumption of the electronic device. It is also avoided that the network link in the electronic device keeps switching during the process of the electronic device by the user, which can improve the user experience.
  • the method further includes: acquiring second historical data, and generating the first condition according to the second historical data.
  • the second historical data includes link quality information of the second network link.
  • the switching connection condition is that the signal strength of the second network link is greater than the seventh threshold.
  • the first condition is that the signal quality of the second network link is greater than the eighth threshold.
  • starting the second network link includes: determining whether the first PDU session exists in the protocol data unit PDU session currently existing in the electronic device, and if not, establishing the first PDU session. A PDU session.
  • the first PDU session satisfies the data transmission condition of the first application, including: the first application is associated with the first PDU session, that is, the first application is associated with the first PDU session
  • the association relationship of transmitting the first application through the first PDU session has been established, and the data of the first application can be directly transmitted through the first PDU session.
  • the first PDU session matches the parameters in the routing descriptor corresponding to the first application, that is, the first PDU session meets the conditions for transmitting the data of the first application, and the first PDU session can be used to transmit the data of the first application, However, the first application and the first PDU session have not established an association relationship.
  • the parameters include at least one of single network slice selection auxiliary information S-NSSAI, service and session continuity SSC mode, data network identification DNN, and access type.
  • connection management device including: a first transmission unit, an acquisition unit, a first judgment unit, a second judgment unit, a second transmission unit, and a third transmission unit, wherein:
  • the first transmission unit is configured to use a Wi-Fi network to transmit data of the first application
  • An obtaining unit configured to obtain first data, where the first data includes link quality information between the current Wi-Fi network and the device;
  • the first judging unit is used to judge whether the first data meets the switching connection condition, and the switching connection condition is determined by the device according to historical data;
  • the second judging unit is used to judge whether there is a first PDU session in the protocol data unit PDU session currently existing in the device when the first data meets the handover connection condition, and the first PDU session meets the data transmission condition of the first application ;
  • the second transmission unit is used to establish a first PDU session when the first PDU session does not exist, and transmit the data of the first application through the first PDU session, or transmit the first application data through the Wi-Fi network and the first PDU session One application data;
  • the third transmission unit is configured to transmit data of the first application through the first PDU session when the first PDU session exists, or transmit data of the first application through the Wi-Fi network and the first PDU session.
  • the connection management device provided by the third aspect can predict that the network link currently used by the device (that is, the first network link) will deteriorate in network quality after a period of time. Before the network quality of the current network link deteriorates, the device prepares the backup network link (that is, the second network link), and transmits the foreground through the backup network link, or through the backup network link and the current network link at the same time Application data. By predicting the network quality of the current network link, the device can take measures in advance before the network quality of the current network link deteriorates, so as to avoid stalling when the foreground application runs after the link quality of the network link deteriorates. In this way, when the user uses the device, the network deterioration of the device can be reduced. That is to say, this method can reduce the number of times that users experience time delays and freezes during the running of the foreground application. In this way, the user experience can be improved.
  • the first PDU session satisfies the data transmission condition of the first application, including: the first application is associated with the first PDU session, or the first PDU session corresponds to the first application
  • the parameter matching in the routing descriptor of the routing descriptor includes at least one of the single network slice selection auxiliary information S-NSSAI, the service and session continuity SSC mode, the data network identifier DNN, and the access type.
  • the device further includes a first activation unit and a second activation unit, wherein:
  • the first activation unit is configured to activate the first PDU session when the first PDU session is associated with the first application
  • the second activation unit is configured to associate the first PDU session with the first application and activate the first PDU session when the first PDU session is not associated with the first application.
  • connection management device further includes a first collection unit, wherein:
  • the first collection unit is used to collect historical data and generate switching connection conditions based on the historical data; the historical data includes historical connection data between the Wi-Fi network and the device, and/or the sensor in the device collects data when the device is connected to the Wi-Fi network Information.
  • connection management device further includes a second collection unit, wherein the second collection unit is configured to collect learning data, and according to the learning data, it is determined that the first data acquisition unit acquires the first data. time;
  • the acquiring unit is specifically configured to acquire the first data at the first time.
  • the link quality information is the signal strength information of the Wi-Fi network received by the device;
  • the switching connection condition is that the signal strength of the Wi-Fi network received by the device is lower than the first threshold. ;or,
  • the link quality information is the delay information when the device transmits the data of the first application through the Wi-Fi network; the switching connection condition is that the delay when the device transmits the data of the first application through the Wi-Fi network is greater than the second threshold.
  • the first application is an application running in the foreground of the device.
  • the present application provides an electronic device including one or more processors and one or more memories.
  • the one or more memories are coupled with one or more processors, and the one or more memories are used to store computer program codes.
  • the computer program codes include computer instructions.
  • the electronic device executes Any one of the possible implementation manners of the first aspect and the connection management method in any one of the possible implementation manners of the second aspect described above.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a computer storage medium, including computer instructions, which when the computer instructions run on an electronic device, cause the communication device to execute any one of the possible implementations of the first aspect and any of the second aspects.
  • the method provided in a possible implementation is not limited to:
  • the embodiments of the present application provide a computer program product, which when the computer program product runs on a computer, causes the computer to execute any of the possible implementations of the first aspect and any of the possible implementations of the second aspect.
  • the method provided in the method is not limited to:
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a user interface of a game application provided by an embodiment of the application
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a user interface of a game application provided by an embodiment of the application
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the architecture of a communication system provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a hardware architecture of a user equipment provided by an embodiment of this application.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic flowchart of a connection management method provided by an embodiment of this application.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic flowchart of a connection management method provided by an embodiment of this application.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of an interface for starting a connection management function provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 8 is a software system architecture diagram of a user equipment provided in the prior art.
  • FIG. 9 is a software system architecture diagram of a user equipment provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of the hardware architecture of another user equipment provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • first and second are only used for descriptive purposes, and cannot be understood as implying or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined with “first” and “second” may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of these features. In the description of the embodiments of the present application, unless otherwise specified, “multiple” The meaning is two or more. In addition, the terms “including” and “having” and any variations thereof mentioned in the description of this application are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions.
  • a process, method, system, product, or device that includes a series of steps or units is not limited to the listed steps or units, but optionally includes other steps or units that are not listed, or optionally also Including other steps or units inherent to these processes, methods, products or equipment.
  • words such as “exemplary” or “for example” are used as examples, illustrations, or illustrations. Any embodiment or design solution described as “exemplary” or “for example” in the embodiments of the present application should not be construed as being more preferable or advantageous than other embodiments or design solutions. To be precise, the use of words such as “exemplary” or “for example” is intended to present relevant concepts in a specific manner.
  • the UE currently transmits data of the first application (for example, a game application) through a Wi-Fi network.
  • the UE can receive the data packet of the first application via Wi-Fi within the delay range required by the service, and thus can receive data packets according to the received
  • the data package refreshes the user interface.
  • the UE receives the first data packet at the first time and the second data packet at the second time.
  • the UE when the quality of the link between the UE and the Wi-Fi network deteriorates, the UE will switch the data transmission link. That is, the UE switches from transmitting data through a Wi-Fi network to transmitting data through a cellular mobile network, or transforms to transmitting data through a Wi-Fi network and a cellular mobile network. Since it takes time for the UE to switch the data transmission link, the delay for the UE to receive the data of the first application increases. In the case of 5G, the UE needs to prepare the PDU meeting corresponding to the first application. Since it takes time for the UE to prepare the PDU session, the data transmission delay of the first application increases. In this way, the user experience is affected.
  • the PDU session establishment mechanism is on-demand establishment, and its user plane activation mechanism is also on-demand mechanism, that is, the PDU session is not established before the application is started. After the PDU session is established, when the PDU session does not transmit data, the PDU session may be in an inactive state.
  • a PDU session in 5G and a PDU session in 4G are two differences between a PDU session in 5G and a PDU session in 4G.
  • the terminal will determine whether to create a specific PDU session for the application to transmit the data of the application according to a specific rule (for example, a user equipment routing policy (UE Route Selection Policy, URSP) rule).
  • a specific rule for example, a user equipment routing policy (UE Route Selection Policy, URSP) rule.
  • the embodiment of the present application proposes a connection management method for the problems in the prior art.
  • the method includes: the UE currently uses a first network link (for example, a Wi-Fi network, a cellular data network) to transmit data of a first application (for example, a communication application, a game application).
  • the UE obtains the first data including the link quality information of the first network link, and determines whether the first data meets the handover connection condition.
  • the UE changes the network link that transmits the data of the first application (for example, the Wi-Fi network is changed to a cellular data network, the cellular data network is changed to a Wi-Fi network, 4G is changed to 5G, 5G is changed to 4G, the cellular data network of card 1 is changed to the data network of card 2, etc.), and the transmission link required to transmit the data of the first application is ready (for example, the PDU session corresponding to the first application in 5G) .
  • the Wi-Fi network is changed to a cellular data network
  • the cellular data network is changed to a Wi-Fi network
  • 4G is changed to 5G
  • 5G is changed to 4G
  • the cellular data network of card 1 is changed to the data network of card 2, etc.
  • the UE In the fourth generation (4G) mobile communication technology, the UE usually only establishes two sessions. Among them, one session is used to transmit voice services, and the other session is used to transmit data services.
  • sessions are collectively referred to as protocol data unit (protocol data unit, PDU) sessions.
  • PDU protocol data unit
  • a UE can establish multiple PDU sessions to transmit data of different applications.
  • the UE transmits the data of the first application through the 5G technology, the UE needs to ensure that the PDU session corresponding to the first application exists.
  • the parameters in the routing descriptor corresponding to the first application include network slice selection assistance information (single network slice selection assistance information, S-NSSAI), service and session continuity (service and session continuity, SSC) mode, and data network identification One or more of (data network name, DNN) and access type.
  • the network slice selection auxiliary information can again become a single network slice selection auxiliary information.
  • the first application is associated with the first PDU session. That is, for the modem in the UE, the first PDU session carries the data of the first application. For the application processor in the UE, the first network connection is bound to the first application.
  • the application program associated with the PDU session may be an application program that satisfies the important level, such as video conferencing, games, and other applications that have certain requirements for data transmission delay and have a higher importance level.
  • each PDU session is a network connection
  • the network connection is bound to the IP address of the PDU session.
  • the "connection for data transmission between the UE and the data network” is usually described as a PDU session
  • the "connection for data transmission between the UE and the data network” is usually described as the network connect.
  • a communication system supporting 5G mobile communication technology is taken as an example to introduce the network architecture of the communication system.
  • the network elements in the 5G network architecture include access network (access network, AN), access and mobility management function (authentication management function, AMF) entities, session management function (session management function, SMF) entities, and policy control functions ( policy control function (PCF) entity, user plane function (UPF) entity, independent data management (unified data management, UDM) entity, authentication server function (authentication server function, AUSF) entity, data network (data network) , DN), application function (AF) entity, network repository function (NRF) entity, network exposure function (NEF) entity, network slice selection function (network slice selection function, NSSF) Entities, etc.
  • access network access network
  • AMF access and mobility management function
  • authentication management function authentication management function
  • SMF session management function
  • PCF policy control function
  • PCF policy control function
  • UPF user plane function
  • UDM independent data management
  • authentication server function authentication server function
  • AUSF authentication
  • the access network may also be a radio access network (radio access network, RAN), which is a device deployed on a radio access network to provide wireless communication functions.
  • RAN radio access network
  • the RAN equipment involved in the embodiments of the present application includes, for example, but not limited to, the following various forms of macro base stations, micro base stations (also referred to as small stations), relay stations, transmission reception points (TRP), and First-generation network nodes (gNode B, gNB), evolved Node B (ng-eNB) connected to the next-generation core network, etc., and may also include wireless local area network (WLAN) access equipment, etc.
  • RAN equipment that is not a 3rd generation partnership project (3GPP) system.
  • 3GPP 3rd generation partnership project
  • the AMF entity has the functions of UE mobility management, registration management, connection management, lawful interception, support for the transmission of session management (SM) information between the UE and SMF, access authentication and access authorization.
  • SM session management
  • the SMF entity has functions such as session management and roaming.
  • session management functions such as session establishment, modification, and release.
  • the roaming function may include charging data collection, and supporting signaling transmission for authentication/authorization with an external data network (data network, DN).
  • the PCF entity includes user subscription information management functions, policy control functions, charging policy control functions, quality of service (QoS) control, etc.
  • the UPF entity is a functional network element of the user plane, which is mainly responsible for connecting to external networks and processing user messages, such as forwarding, charging, and lawful monitoring. Optionally, data can also be received.
  • UDM entities have functions such as authentication certificate processing, user identification processing, access authorization, registration and mobility management, subscription management, and SMS management.
  • the AUSF entity has an authentication service function.
  • a DN is a network that provides services for the UE. For example, some DNs provide the UE with Internet access functions, and other DNs provide the UE with short message functions.
  • the AF entity can interact with the 3GPP core network.
  • the AF entity can specifically be an application server, which can be used to interact with the PCF entity to customize policies for applications.
  • the NRF entity is a logical entity used to store and maintain the information of a network function (NF) instance.
  • the NF instance can query the NRF entity to obtain other NFs that can provide the network service requested by the user Instance to determine the next hop route.
  • the network functions that NEF entities can provide include externally providing network element services, capabilities, application functions, and edge computing.
  • the NEF entity also provides an application function for providing information to the 3GPP core network, such as mobile mode and communication mode.
  • the NEF entity can also provide network functions that authenticate, authorize, and restrict the above-mentioned application functions.
  • the NSSF entity is mainly responsible for selecting network slice instances for the UE according to the S-NSSAI.
  • the NSSF entity obtains the network slice selection assistance information (S-NSSAI) sent by the UE, the NSSF entity selects a network slice instance (network slice instance, which serves the UE according to the S-NSSAI).
  • NSI network slice instance
  • NSSI network slice subnet instance
  • the UE communicates with the AMF entity through the N1 interface
  • the RAN communicates with the AMF entity through the N2 interface
  • the RAN communicates with the UPF entity through the N3 interface
  • the UPF entity communicates with the SMF entity through the N4 interface
  • the UPF entity accesses the data network through the N6 interface.
  • the UPF entities communicate through the N9 interface.
  • the AF entity provides services for other entities (such as UDM entities and PCF entities) through the Naf interface.
  • UDM entities provide services for other entities (such as AF entities and PCF entities) through the Nudm interface.
  • the PCF entity provides services for other entities (such as UDM entities and NRF entities) through the Npcf interface.
  • the NRF entity provides services for other entities (such as NEF entities and PCF entities) through the Nnrf interface.
  • NEF entities provide services for other entities (such as NRF entities and NSSF entities) through the Nnef interface.
  • the NSSF entity provides services for other entities (such as NEF entities and NRF entities) through the Nnssf interface.
  • the AUSF entity provides services for other entities (such as AMF entities and NEF entities) through the Nausf interface.
  • the AMF entity provides services for other entities (such as AUSF entities and SMF entities) through the Namf interface.
  • the SMF entity provides services for other entities (such as AUSF entities and AMF entities) through the Nsmf interface.
  • the network elements in the 5G network architecture also include UEs.
  • UEs can be mobile phones, tablets, desktops, laptops, ultra-mobile personal computers (UMPC), handheld computers, netbooks, and personal digital computers.
  • Assistant personal digital assistant, PDA
  • other devices can be mobile phones, tablets, desktops, laptops, ultra-mobile personal computers (UMPC), handheld computers, netbooks, and personal digital computers.
  • PDA personal digital assistant
  • the electronic device is the UE in the embodiment of this application.
  • FIG. 4 shows a schematic diagram of a hardware architecture of a UE according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the UE 100 may include a processor 110, an external memory interface 120, an internal memory 121, a universal serial bus (USB) interface 130, a charging management module 140, a power management module 141, a battery 142, antenna 1, antenna 2, mobile Communication module 150, wireless communication module 160, audio module 170, speaker 170A, receiver 170B, microphone 170C, earphone interface 170D, sensor module 180, buttons 190, motor 191, indicator 192, camera 193, display screen 194, and user identification Module (subscriber identification module, SIM) card interface 195, etc.
  • a processor 110 an external memory interface 120, an internal memory 121, a universal serial bus (USB) interface 130, a charging management module 140, a power management module 141, a battery 142, antenna 1, antenna 2, mobile Communication module 150, wireless communication module 160, audio module 170, speaker 170A, receiver 170B, microphone 170C, earphone interface 170D, sensor module 180, buttons 190, motor 191, indicator 192, camera 193, display screen 19
  • the sensor module 180 may include a pressure sensor 180A, a gyroscope sensor 180B, an air pressure sensor 180C, a magnetic sensor 180D, an acceleration sensor 180E, a distance sensor 180F, a proximity sensor 180G, a fingerprint sensor 180H, a temperature sensor 180J, a touch sensor 180K, and ambient light Sensor 180L, bone conduction sensor 180M, etc.
  • the structure illustrated in the embodiment of the present invention does not constitute a specific limitation to the UE 100.
  • the UE 100 may include more or fewer components than those shown in the figure, or combine certain components, or split certain components, or arrange different components.
  • the illustrated components can be implemented in hardware, software, or a combination of software and hardware.
  • the processor 110 may include one or more processing units.
  • the processor 110 may include an application processor (AP), a modem processor, a graphics processing unit (GPU), and an image signal processor. (image signal processor, ISP), controller, video codec, digital signal processor (digital signal processor, DSP), baseband processor, and/or neural-network processing unit (NPU), etc.
  • AP application processor
  • modem processor modem processor
  • GPU graphics processing unit
  • image signal processor image signal processor
  • ISP image signal processor
  • controller video codec
  • digital signal processor digital signal processor
  • DSP digital signal processor
  • NPU neural-network processing unit
  • the different processing units may be independent devices or integrated in one or more processors.
  • the controller can generate operation control signals according to the instruction operation code and timing signals to complete the control of fetching instructions and executing instructions.
  • a memory may also be provided in the processor 110 to store instructions and data.
  • the memory in the processor 110 is a cache memory.
  • the memory can store instructions or data that have just been used or recycled by the processor 110. If the processor 110 needs to use the instruction or data again, it can be directly called from the memory. Repeated accesses are avoided, the waiting time of the processor 110 is reduced, and the efficiency of the system is improved.
  • the processor 110 may include one or more interfaces.
  • the interface can include an integrated circuit (inter-integrated circuit, I2C) interface, an integrated circuit built-in audio (inter-integrated circuit sound, I2S) interface, a pulse code modulation (pulse code modulation, PCM) interface, and a universal asynchronous transmitter (universal asynchronous) interface.
  • I2C integrated circuit
  • I2S integrated circuit built-in audio
  • PCM pulse code modulation
  • UART universal asynchronous transmitter
  • MIPI mobile industry processor interface
  • GPIO general-purpose input/output
  • SIM subscriber identity module
  • USB Universal Serial Bus
  • the I2C interface is a bidirectional synchronous serial bus, including a serial data line (SDA) and a serial clock line (SCL).
  • the processor 110 may include multiple sets of I2C buses.
  • the processor 110 may be coupled to the touch sensor 180K, charger, flash, camera 193, etc., respectively through different I2C bus interfaces.
  • the processor 110 may couple the touch sensor 180K through an I2C interface, so that the processor 110 and the touch sensor 180K communicate through the I2C bus interface to realize the touch function of the UE 100.
  • the I2S interface can be used for audio communication.
  • the processor 110 may include multiple sets of I2S buses.
  • the processor 110 may be coupled with the audio module 170 through an I2S bus to implement communication between the processor 110 and the audio module 170.
  • the audio module 170 may transmit audio signals to the wireless communication module 160 through an I2S interface, so as to realize the function of answering calls through a Bluetooth headset.
  • the PCM interface can also be used for audio communication to sample, quantize and encode analog signals.
  • the audio module 170 and the wireless communication module 160 may be coupled through a PCM bus interface.
  • the audio module 170 may also transmit audio signals to the wireless communication module 160 through the PCM interface, so as to realize the function of answering calls through the Bluetooth headset. Both the I2S interface and the PCM interface can be used for audio communication.
  • the UART interface is a universal serial data bus used for asynchronous communication.
  • the bus can be a two-way communication bus. It converts the data to be transmitted between serial communication and parallel communication.
  • the UART interface is generally used to connect the processor 110 and the wireless communication module 160.
  • the processor 110 communicates with the Bluetooth module in the wireless communication module 160 through the UART interface to realize the Bluetooth function.
  • the audio module 170 may transmit audio signals to the wireless communication module 160 through a UART interface, so as to realize the function of playing music through a Bluetooth headset.
  • the MIPI interface can be used to connect the processor 110 with the display screen 194, the camera 193 and other peripheral devices.
  • the MIPI interface includes a camera serial interface (camera serial interface, CSI), a display serial interface (display serial interface, DSI), and so on.
  • the processor 110 and the camera 193 communicate through a CSI interface to implement the shooting function of the UE 100.
  • the processor 110 and the display screen 194 communicate through a DSI interface to realize the display function of the UE 100.
  • the GPIO interface can be configured through software.
  • the GPIO interface can be configured as a control signal or as a data signal.
  • the GPIO interface can be used to connect the processor 110 with the camera 193, the display screen 194, the wireless communication module 160, the audio module 170, the sensor module 180, and so on.
  • the GPIO interface can also be configured as an I2C interface, I2S interface, UART interface, MIPI interface, etc.
  • the USB interface 130 is an interface that complies with the USB standard specification, and specifically may be a Mini USB interface, a Micro USB interface, a USB Type C interface, and so on.
  • the USB interface 130 can be used to connect a charger to charge the UE 100, and can also be used to transfer data between the UE 100 and peripheral devices. It can also be used to connect earphones and play audio through earphones. This interface can also be used to connect to other UEs, such as AR devices.
  • the interface connection relationship between the modules illustrated in the embodiment of the present invention is merely illustrative, and does not constitute a structural limitation of the UE 100.
  • the UE 100 may also adopt different interface connection modes in the foregoing embodiments, or a combination of multiple interface connection modes.
  • the charging management module 140 is used to receive charging input from the charger.
  • the charger can be a wireless charger or a wired charger.
  • the charging management module 140 may receive the charging input of the wired charger through the USB interface 130.
  • the charging management module 140 may receive the wireless charging input through the wireless charging coil of the UE 100. While the charging management module 140 charges the battery 142, it can also supply power to the UE through the power management module 141.
  • the power management module 141 is used to connect the battery 142, the charging management module 140 and the processor 110.
  • the power management module 141 receives input from the battery 142 and/or the charging management module 140, and supplies power to the processor 110, the internal memory 121, the display screen 194, the camera 193, and the wireless communication module 160.
  • the power management module 141 can also be used to monitor parameters such as battery capacity, battery cycle times, and battery health status (leakage, impedance).
  • the power management module 141 may also be provided in the processor 110.
  • the power management module 141 and the charging management module 140 may also be provided in the same device.
  • the wireless communication function of the UE 100 can be implemented by the antenna 1, the antenna 2, the mobile communication module 150, the wireless communication module 160, the modem processor, and the baseband processor.
  • the antenna 1 and the antenna 2 are used to transmit and receive electromagnetic wave signals.
  • Each antenna in the UE 100 can be used to cover a single or multiple communication frequency bands. Different antennas can also be reused to improve antenna utilization.
  • Antenna 1 can be multiplexed as a diversity antenna of a wireless local area network.
  • the antenna can be used in combination with a tuning switch.
  • the mobile communication module 150 may provide a solution for wireless communication including 2G/3G/4G/5G and the like applied to the UE 100.
  • the mobile communication module 150 may include at least one filter, a switch, a power amplifier, a low noise amplifier (LNA), and the like.
  • the mobile communication module 150 can receive electromagnetic waves by the antenna 1, and perform processing such as filtering, amplifying and transmitting the received electromagnetic waves to the modem processor for demodulation.
  • the mobile communication module 150 can also amplify the signal modulated by the modem processor, and convert it into electromagnetic waves for radiation via the antenna 1.
  • at least part of the functional modules of the mobile communication module 150 may be provided in the processor 110.
  • at least part of the functional modules of the mobile communication module 150 and at least part of the modules of the processor 110 may be provided in the same device.
  • the modem processor may include a modulator and a demodulator.
  • the modulator is used to modulate the low frequency baseband signal to be sent into a medium and high frequency signal.
  • the demodulator is used to demodulate the received electromagnetic wave signal into a low-frequency baseband signal.
  • the demodulator then transmits the demodulated low-frequency baseband signal to the baseband processor for processing.
  • the application processor outputs a sound signal through an audio device (not limited to the speaker 170A, the receiver 170B, etc.), or displays an image or video through the display screen 194.
  • the modem processor may be an independent device.
  • the modem processor may be independent of the processor 110 and be provided in the same device as the mobile communication module 150 or other functional modules.
  • the wireless communication module 160 can provide applications on the UE 100 including wireless local area networks (WLAN) (such as wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi) networks), Bluetooth (BT), and global navigation satellite systems ( Global navigation satellite system, GNSS), frequency modulation (frequency modulation, FM), near field communication technology (near field communication, NFC), infrared technology (infrared, IR) and other wireless communication solutions.
  • WLAN wireless local area networks
  • BT Bluetooth
  • GNSS global navigation satellite systems
  • frequency modulation frequency modulation, FM
  • NFC near field communication technology
  • infrared technology infrared, IR
  • the wireless communication module 160 may be one or more devices integrating at least one communication processing module.
  • the wireless communication module 160 receives electromagnetic waves via the antenna 2, frequency modulates and filters the electromagnetic wave signals, and sends the processed signals to the processor 110.
  • the wireless communication module 160 may also receive a signal to be sent from the processor 110, perform frequency modulation, amplify it, and convert it into electromagnetic waves through the antenna 2 and radiate
  • the antenna 1 of the UE 100 is coupled with the mobile communication module 150, and the antenna 2 is coupled with the wireless communication module 160, so that the UE 100 can communicate with the network and other devices through wireless communication technology.
  • the wireless communication technology may include global system for mobile communications (GSM), general packet radio service (GPRS), code division multiple access (CDMA), broadband Code division multiple access (wideband code division multiple access, WCDMA), time-division code division multiple access (TD-SCDMA), long term evolution (LTE), BT, GNSS, WLAN, NFC , FM, and/or IR technology, etc.
  • the GNSS may include global positioning system (GPS), global navigation satellite system (GLONASS), Beidou navigation satellite system (BDS), quasi-zenith satellite system (quasi -zenith satellite system, QZSS) and/or satellite-based augmentation systems (SBAS).
  • GPS global positioning system
  • GLONASS global navigation satellite system
  • BDS Beidou navigation satellite system
  • QZSS quasi-zenith satellite system
  • SBAS satellite-based augmentation systems
  • the UE100 realizes the display function through GPU, display screen 194, and application processor.
  • the GPU is an image processing microprocessor, which is connected to the display screen 194 and the application processor.
  • the GPU is used to perform mathematical and geometric calculations and is used for graphics rendering.
  • the processor 110 may include one or more GPUs that execute program instructions to generate or change display information.
  • the display screen 194 is used to display images, videos, and the like.
  • the display screen 194 includes a display panel.
  • the display panel can use liquid crystal display (LCD), organic light-emitting diode (OLED), active matrix organic light-emitting diode or active-matrix organic light-emitting diode (active-matrix organic light-emitting diode).
  • LCD liquid crystal display
  • OLED organic light-emitting diode
  • active matrix organic light-emitting diode active-matrix organic light-emitting diode
  • active-matrix organic light-emitting diode active-matrix organic light-emitting diode
  • emitting diode AMOLED, flexible light-emitting diode (FLED), Miniled, MicroLed, Micro-oLed, quantum dot light-emitting diode (QLED), etc.
  • the UE 100 may include one or N display screens 194, and N is a positive integer greater than one
  • UE100 can realize the shooting function through ISP, camera 193, video codec, GPU, display 194 and application processor.
  • the ISP is used to process the data fed back from the camera 193. For example, when taking a picture, the shutter is opened, the light is transmitted to the photosensitive element of the camera through the lens, the light signal is converted into an electrical signal, and the photosensitive element of the camera transmits the electrical signal to the ISP for processing and is converted into an image visible to the naked eye.
  • ISP can also optimize the image noise, brightness, and skin color. ISP can also optimize the exposure, color temperature and other parameters of the shooting scene.
  • the ISP may be provided in the camera 193.
  • the camera 193 is used to capture still images or videos.
  • the object generates an optical image through the lens and is projected to the photosensitive element.
  • the photosensitive element may be a charge coupled device (CCD) or a complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) phototransistor.
  • CMOS complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor
  • the photosensitive element converts the optical signal into an electrical signal, and then transfers the electrical signal to the ISP to convert it into a digital image signal.
  • ISP outputs digital image signals to DSP for processing.
  • DSP converts digital image signals into standard RGB, YUV and other formats of image signals.
  • the UE 100 may include 1 or N cameras 193, and N is a positive integer greater than 1.
  • Digital signal processors are used to process digital signals. In addition to digital image signals, they can also process other digital signals. For example, when the UE 100 selects the frequency point, the digital signal processor is used to perform Fourier transform on the energy of the frequency point.
  • Video codecs are used to compress or decompress digital video.
  • the UE 100 may support one or more video codecs. In this way, the UE 100 can play or record videos in multiple encoding formats, such as: moving picture experts group (MPEG) 1, MPEG2, MPEG3, MPEG4, and so on.
  • MPEG moving picture experts group
  • NPU is a neural-network (NN) computing processor.
  • NN neural-network
  • applications such as intelligent cognition of the UE100 can be realized, such as image recognition, face recognition, voice recognition, text understanding, etc.
  • the external memory interface 120 may be used to connect an external memory card, such as a Micro SD card, to expand the storage capacity of the UE 100.
  • the external memory card communicates with the processor 110 through the external memory interface 120 to realize the data storage function. For example, save music, video and other files in an external memory card.
  • the internal memory 121 may be used to store computer executable program code, where the executable program code includes instructions.
  • the internal memory 121 may include a storage program area and a storage data area.
  • the storage program area can store an operating system, an application program (such as a sound playback function, an image playback function, etc.) required by at least one function, and the like.
  • the data storage area can store data (such as audio data, phone book, etc.) created during the use of the UE 100.
  • the internal memory 121 may include a high-speed random access memory, and may also include a non-volatile memory, such as at least one magnetic disk storage device, a flash memory device, a universal flash storage (UFS), and the like.
  • the processor 110 executes various functional applications and data processing of the UE 100 by running instructions stored in the internal memory 121 and/or instructions stored in a memory provided in the processor.
  • the UE 100 can implement audio functions through the audio module 170, the speaker 170A, the receiver 170B, the microphone 170C, the earphone interface 170D, and the application processor. For example, music playback, recording, etc.
  • the audio module 170 is used to convert digital audio information into an analog audio signal for output, and is also used to convert an analog audio input into a digital audio signal.
  • the audio module 170 can also be used to encode and decode audio signals.
  • the audio module 170 may be provided in the processor 110, or part of the functional modules of the audio module 170 may be provided in the processor 110.
  • the speaker 170A also called “speaker” is used to convert audio electrical signals into sound signals.
  • the UE 100 can listen to music through the speaker 170A, or listen to a hands-free call.
  • the receiver 170B also called “earpiece” is used to convert audio electrical signals into sound signals.
  • the UE 100 answers a call or voice message, it can receive the voice by bringing the receiver 170B close to the human ear.
  • the microphone 170C also called “microphone”, “microphone”, is used to convert sound signals into electrical signals.
  • the user can make a sound by approaching the microphone 170C through the human mouth, and input the sound signal into the microphone 170C.
  • the UE 100 may be provided with at least one microphone 170C.
  • the UE 100 may be provided with two microphones 170C, in addition to collecting sound signals, it may also implement a noise reduction function.
  • the UE 100 may also be provided with three, four or more microphones 170C to collect sound signals, reduce noise, identify the source of sound, and realize the function of directional recording.
  • the earphone interface 170D is used to connect wired earphones.
  • the earphone interface 170D may be a USB interface 130, or a 3.5mm open mobile terminal platform (OMTP) standard interface, or a cellular telecommunications industry association of the USA (CTIA) standard interface.
  • OMTP open mobile terminal platform
  • CTIA cellular telecommunications industry association of the USA
  • the pressure sensor 180A is used to sense the pressure signal and can convert the pressure signal into an electrical signal.
  • the pressure sensor 180A may be provided on the display screen 194.
  • the capacitive pressure sensor may include at least two parallel plates with conductive materials.
  • When a force is applied to the pressure sensor 180A the capacitance between the electrodes changes.
  • the UE100 determines the strength of the pressure according to the change in capacitance.
  • the UE 100 detects the intensity of the touch operation according to the pressure sensor 180A.
  • the UE 100 may also calculate the touched position based on the detection signal of the pressure sensor 180A.
  • touch operations that act on the same touch position but have different touch operation strengths may correspond to different operation instructions. For example: when a touch operation whose intensity of the touch operation is less than the first pressure threshold is applied to the short message application icon, an instruction to view the short message is executed. When a touch operation with a touch operation intensity greater than or equal to the first pressure threshold acts on the short message application icon, an instruction to create a new short message is executed.
  • the gyro sensor 180B may be used to determine the motion posture of the UE 100.
  • the angular velocity of the UE 100 around three axes ie, x, y, and z axes
  • the gyro sensor 180B can be used for image stabilization.
  • the gyroscope sensor 180B detects the shaking angle of the UE 100, and calculates the distance that the lens module needs to compensate according to the angle, so that the lens can counteract the shaking of the UE 100 through a reverse movement to achieve anti-shake.
  • the gyro sensor 180B can also be used for navigation and somatosensory game scenes.
  • the air pressure sensor 180C is used to measure air pressure. In some embodiments, the UE 100 calculates the altitude based on the air pressure value measured by the air pressure sensor 180C to assist positioning and navigation.
  • the magnetic sensor 180D includes a Hall sensor.
  • the UE 100 can use the magnetic sensor 180D to detect the opening and closing of the flip holster.
  • the UE 100 can detect the opening and closing of the flip according to the magnetic sensor 180D.
  • features such as automatic unlocking of the flip cover are set.
  • the acceleration sensor 180E can detect the magnitude of the acceleration of the UE 100 in various directions (generally three-axis). When the UE 100 is stationary, the magnitude and direction of gravity can be detected. It can also be used to identify the UE posture, apply to horizontal and vertical screen switching, pedometer and other applications.
  • the UE 100 can measure the distance by infrared or laser. In some embodiments, when shooting a scene, the UE 100 may use the distance sensor 180F to measure the distance to achieve fast focusing.
  • the proximity light sensor 180G may include, for example, a light emitting diode (LED) and a light detector such as a photodiode.
  • the light emitting diode may be an infrared light emitting diode.
  • the UE 100 emits infrared light to the outside through the light emitting diode.
  • UE100 uses photodiodes to detect infrared reflected light from nearby objects. When sufficient reflected light is detected, it can be determined that there is an object near the UE 100. When insufficient reflected light is detected, the UE 100 can determine that there is no object near the UE 100.
  • the UE 100 can use the proximity light sensor 180G to detect that the user holds the UE 100 close to the ear to talk, so as to automatically turn off the screen to save power.
  • the proximity light sensor 180G can also be used in leather case mode, and the pocket mode will automatically unlock and lock the screen.
  • the ambient light sensor 180L is used to sense the brightness of the ambient light.
  • the UE 100 can adaptively adjust the brightness of the display screen 194 according to the perceived brightness of the ambient light.
  • the ambient light sensor 180L can also be used to automatically adjust the white balance when taking pictures.
  • the ambient light sensor 180L can also cooperate with the proximity light sensor 180G to detect whether the UE 100 is in the pocket to prevent accidental touch.
  • the fingerprint sensor 180H is used to collect fingerprints.
  • UE100 can use the collected fingerprint characteristics to unlock fingerprints, access application locks, take photos with fingerprints, and answer calls with fingerprints.
  • the temperature sensor 180J is used to detect temperature.
  • the UE 100 uses the temperature detected by the temperature sensor 180J to execute a temperature processing strategy. For example, when the temperature reported by the temperature sensor 180J exceeds a threshold value, the UE 100 executes to reduce the performance of the processor located near the temperature sensor 180J, so as to reduce power consumption and implement thermal protection.
  • the UE 100 when the temperature is lower than another threshold, the UE 100 heats the battery 142 to avoid abnormal shutdown of the UE 100 due to low temperature.
  • the UE 100 boosts the output voltage of the battery 142 to avoid abnormal shutdown caused by low temperature.
  • Touch sensor 180K also called “touch device”.
  • the touch sensor 180K may be disposed on the display screen 194, and the touch screen is composed of the touch sensor 180K and the display screen 194, which is also called a “touch screen”.
  • the touch sensor 180K is used to detect touch operations acting on or near it.
  • the touch sensor can pass the detected touch operation to the application processor to determine the type of touch event.
  • the visual output related to the touch operation can be provided through the display screen 194.
  • the touch sensor 180K may also be disposed on the surface of the UE 100, which is different from the position of the display screen 194.
  • the bone conduction sensor 180M can acquire vibration signals.
  • the bone conduction sensor 180M can obtain the vibration signal of the vibrating bone mass of the human voice.
  • the bone conduction sensor 180M can also contact the human pulse and receive the blood pressure pulse signal.
  • the bone conduction sensor 180M may also be provided in the earphone, combined with the bone conduction earphone.
  • the audio module 170 can parse the voice signal based on the vibration signal of the vibrating bone mass of the voice obtained by the bone conduction sensor 180M, and realize the voice function.
  • the application processor can analyze the heart rate information based on the blood pressure beating signal obtained by the bone conduction sensor 180M, and realize the heart rate detection function.
  • the button 190 includes a power-on button, a volume button, and so on.
  • the button 190 may be a mechanical button. It can also be a touch button.
  • the UE 100 may receive key input, and generate key signal input related to the user settings and function control of the UE 100.
  • the motor 191 can generate vibration prompts.
  • the motor 191 can be used for incoming call vibration notification, and can also be used for touch vibration feedback.
  • touch operations applied to different applications can correspond to different vibration feedback effects.
  • Acting on touch operations in different areas of the display screen 194, the motor 191 can also correspond to different vibration feedback effects.
  • Different application scenarios for example: time reminding, receiving information, alarm clock, games, etc.
  • the touch vibration feedback effect can also support customization.
  • the indicator 192 may be an indicator light, which may be used to indicate the charging status, power change, or to indicate messages, missed calls, notifications, and so on.
  • the SIM card interface 195 is used to connect to the SIM card.
  • the SIM card can be inserted into the SIM card interface 195 or pulled out from the SIM card interface 195 to achieve contact and separation with the UE 100.
  • the UE 100 may support 1 or N SIM card interfaces, and N is a positive integer greater than 1.
  • the SIM card interface 195 can support Nano SIM cards, Micro SIM cards, SIM cards, etc.
  • the same SIM card interface 195 can insert multiple cards at the same time. The types of the multiple cards can be the same or different.
  • the SIM card interface 195 can also be compatible with different types of SIM cards.
  • the SIM card interface 195 may also be compatible with external memory cards.
  • the UE 100 interacts with the network through the SIM card to realize functions such as call and data communication.
  • the UE 100 adopts eSIM, that is, an embedded SIM card.
  • the eSIM card can be embedded in the UE100 and cannot be separated from the UE100.
  • a connection management method provided by an embodiment of the present application is suitable for UEs supporting 5G mobile communication technology.
  • a PDU session in the UE there is a PDU session in the UE.
  • the existence of a PDU session in the UE specifically refers to that the UE establishes a PDU session through a network device, and the context of the PDU session is stored on the UE.
  • the UE can transmit data to the network device through the existing PDU session.
  • the context of the PDU session includes but is not limited to the PDU session identifier, the information of the network slice corresponding to the PDU session, the Internet protocol (IP) address used by the PDU session, the SSC mode of the PDU session, and so on.
  • IP Internet protocol
  • the number of PDU sessions existing in the aforementioned UE may be one or multiple.
  • the PDU sessions existing in the UE there may be a PDU session corresponding to the first application, or there may be no PDU session corresponding to the first application.
  • the PDU session existing in the UE may be in an inactive state. Specifically, when the connection between the UE and the base station and the connection between the base station and the UPF (the N3 interface shown in FIG. 3) are disconnected, the PDU session is in an inactive state. Generally, when there is no data transmission in the PDU session, the connection between the UE and the base station is disconnected, and the N3 interface is disconnected. If the UE needs a PDU session to transmit data, it needs to activate the PDU session. Activating a PDU session means that the UE establishes a connection with the base station and the base station establishes a connection with the UPF.
  • the UE provided in the embodiment of the present application may include a network quality prediction module 100a, a network quality monitoring module 100b, a connection management module 100c, and a modem 100d.
  • the network quality prediction module 100a, the network quality monitoring module 100b, and the connection management module 100c may be integrated in separate chips, or may be coupled in the same chip, which is not limited here.
  • the connection management method provided by the embodiment of the present application may include the following steps:
  • the network quality prediction module 100a predicts, according to historical data, that the link quality of the network link currently used by the UE deteriorates or the UE leaves its coverage area within a certain time range.
  • predicting the deterioration of the link quality of the currently used network link can be understood as predicting that the current link quality is higher than a certain threshold is predicted to be lower than a certain threshold after a certain period of time. It can also be understood that when the current link quality changes from strong to weak within a period of time, it is predicted that the link quality will fall below a certain threshold after a certain period of time. If the UE leaves its coverage area, it can be understood that the UE cannot receive the signal of the network link, or the received signal strength of the network link is below a certain threshold, and effective data transmission cannot be performed. For example, when a user uses Wi-Fi to surf the Internet while at home, this network link is the link corresponding to the Wi-Fi network. When the user leaves the home, the signal strength of the Wi-Fi network gradually weakens until it cannot be received. Therefore, the UE leaving its coverage area here can also be understood as the UE leaving a fixed place, such as leaving home or leaving work.
  • the network quality prediction module 100a can learn and train based on historical data to obtain the switching link condition. Then the network quality prediction module 100a determines whether the currently acquired first data satisfies the handover connection condition. If so, the network quality prediction module 100a can predict that the link quality of the network link currently used by the UE changes within a specific time range. Difference. Or the network quality prediction module 100a predicts that the UE will leave the coverage area currently using the network link within a certain time range.
  • the UE can train the model by inputting historical data through a model, and the model can output handover connection conditions.
  • the model can be a deep neural network, a convolutional neural network, etc., which is not limited here. How to use historical data to train the neural network, and the output connection switching conditions can refer to the training process of the neural network in the prior art, which will not be repeated here.
  • the historical data may include: location data and motion data of the UE when the network link in the UE changes, and time data each time the network link changes in the UE, and the network in the UE
  • the link quality information may include one or more of signal strength, signal quality (signal-to-noise ratio), throughput rate, time delay, packet loss rate, and so on.
  • the user goes to the company from home at 8 o'clock every day, and then turns on the cellular data network in the UE.
  • the UE learns that the UE switches the Wi-Fi network to the cellular data network at 8 o'clock every day, and the connection condition for the switching is that if the time obtained by the UE is 8 o'clock on a working day or 5 minutes before 8 o'clock (that is, 7 o'clock) 55)
  • the UE starts to switch the Wi-Fi network to the cellular data network.
  • the change of the network link in the UE may include: the UE switches from the Wi-Fi network to the cellular data network (4G, 5G, etc.), the UE switches from the cellular data network to the Wi-Fi network, and the UE provides from the SIM card 1.
  • the cellular data network switches to the cellular data network provided by SIM card 2, the UE switches from 4G network to 5G network, the UE changes from transmitting data through Wi-Fi network to transmitting data through Wi-Fi network and cellular data network, and UE switches from transmitting data through cellular network.
  • Data transmission via data network is changed to transmit data via cellular data network and Wi-Fi network and so on.
  • the UE switching from the A network to the B network means that the UE has changed from transmitting data through the A network to transmitting data through the B network.
  • the network quality prediction module 100a can obtain the signal strength, signal quality, and data of the link quality information of the network link from the modem processor 100d and the Wi-Fi module in the UE. Packet loss rate, throughput rate, mobile network serving cell information, mobile network neighboring cell information, connected Wi-Fi network MAC scan and unconnected Wi-Fi MAC and other information.
  • the network quality prediction module 100a can call the interface provided by the modem 100d to obtain the link quality information of the network link.
  • the network quality prediction module 100a may subscribe the required link quality information to the modem processor 100d or the operating system in the UE. After the subscription is successful, the modem processor 100d can periodically report to the network quality prediction module or be triggered by an event (for example, when the modem processor 100d detects that the signal strength is lower than a certain value) the current network link Link quality information.
  • the network quality prediction module 100a may obtain the delay information of the application runtime from the service quality statistics module in the UE.
  • the service quality statistics module is used to count the delay information of the application running in the UE, whether it is stuck or not, and so on.
  • the network quality prediction module 100a may call an interface in the service quality statistics module to obtain the required information.
  • the network quality prediction module 100a may subscribe the required information to the service quality statistics module. After the subscription is successful, the service quality statistics module may periodically report to the network quality prediction module or be triggered by an event (for example, the time delay when the first application is running) Greater than a certain threshold) time delay information when the application is running.
  • the first data may be link quality information of the current network link.
  • the network quality prediction module 100a determines whether the link quality of the network link currently used by the UE has deteriorated according to the obtained link quality information. Specifically, the network quality prediction module 100a determines whether the link quality information meets the handover connection condition. If the handover connection condition is met, the network quality prediction module 100a determines that the link quality of the network link currently used by the UE is within a certain time range ( For example, within 10s, within 15s) become worse. For example, if the condition when the connection management module switches is that if the signal strength is lower than the first threshold, the link quality of the network link is poor. Then the network quality prediction module 100a determines that the acquired signal strength of the network link is less than the first threshold, and the network quality prediction module 100a determines that the link quality of the current network link deteriorates within a specific time range.
  • the first data may also include data collected by a sensor in the UE.
  • the data collected by the sensor may include acceleration data collected by an acceleration sensor, data collected by a gyroscope sensor, gravitational acceleration data collected by a gravity sensor, and so on.
  • the network quality prediction module 100a can obtain the data collected by the sensor to determine whether the UE has left the coverage area of the current network link (for example, a Wi-Fi network). If the data collected by the sensor meets the handover connection condition, the network quality prediction module 100a determines that the UE will leave the coverage area of the current network link within a certain time range.
  • the network quality prediction module 100a can determine that the UE is about to Leaving the coverage area of the current network link (for example, the UE is connected to the Wi-Fi network at home. Generally, after the UE leaves the home, it leaves the coverage area of the Wi-Fi network).
  • other modules in the processor 110 obtain the data collected by the sensor, and determine the motion state of the UE (for example, up and down, continuous motion) according to the motion data of the sensor.
  • the network quality prediction module 100a obtains the motion state, and determines whether the UE has left the network area of the current network link according to the motion state. If the motion state meets the handover connection condition, the network quality prediction module 100a determines that the UE will leave the coverage area of the current network link within a certain time range. If the UE's motion state is to walk continuously for a period of time, or go up and down for a certain period of time, or the number of steps reaches a certain number, it can be judged that the UE has left home or company. Then the UE will leave the coverage area of the home or company's Wi-Fi network.
  • the UE leaves the coverage area of the current network link within a certain time range. Then, when the motion state of the moving UE acquired by the network quality prediction module 100a is that the number of moving steps in the southeast direction is 25, the network quality prediction module 100a can determine that the UE will leave the coverage area of the current network link within a specific time range .
  • the UE can determine that the UE has left the current Wi-Fi coverage area based on the change in link quality and the data collected by the sensor. For example, according to the collected sensor data, the UE judges that the current state of motion is going up and down or going in and out of the elevator. In addition, the signal strength of the Wi-Fi network is weakening, and the UE judges that it will leave the current network within a certain time range. The coverage area of the link or has left the coverage area of the current network link. Further, the UE judges that the UE leaves the current Wi-Fi coverage area based on the time information, combined with the change in link quality and the data collected by the sensor.
  • the UE judges that the current state of motion is going up and down or going in and out of the elevator based on the collected sensor data, and the signal strength of the Wi-Fi network is weakening. The UE determines that it will leave the coverage area of the current network link or has left the coverage area of the current network link within a certain time range.
  • the UE collects learning data, and the UE determines the time when the UE collects the first data according to the learning data.
  • the UE collecting the first data includes: the UE collecting the first data at the first time.
  • the network quality prediction module 100a sends a notification message to the network quality monitoring module 100b.
  • the network quality prediction module 100a After the network quality prediction module 100a predicts that the link quality of the network link currently used by the UE is degraded, or the UE leaves the coverage area of the currently used network link within a certain time range, the network quality prediction module 100a reports to the network quality monitoring module 100b Send a notification message.
  • the notification message may be that the link quality of the network link currently used by the UE has deteriorated (for example, the link quality is lower than a certain threshold, or the link quality cannot meet the requirements of the current foreground application), or the UE is within a certain time range (for example, 10s or 10s to 20s after the current time, that is, if the current time is 8:10:0, it will be at 8:10:10 or 8:10:10 to 8:10:20.
  • the notification message may be a message for the network quality prediction module 100a to make the network quality monitoring module 100b start the backup network link.
  • the network quality prediction module 100a may predict the network quality of the backup network link that the UE can connect to. Specifically, the network quality prediction module 100a may obtain historical data when the UE is connected to the backup network, and predict the network quality of the backup network link based on the historical data.
  • how the network quality prediction module 100a predicts the network quality of the backup network can refer to the description of the network quality prediction module 100a predicting the network quality of the current network link of the UE in step S101, which will not be repeated here.
  • step S102 is not executed. That is, the UE still uses the current network link to transmit data, and the backup network link is not activated. In this way, it can be avoided that after the UE switches to the backup network link, the UE detects that the network quality is not good and then changes the network link for transmitting data again. And can save the power consumption of the UE.
  • the network quality monitoring module 100b determines to enable the backup network link.
  • the network quality monitoring module 100b determines to enable the backup network link. If the currently used network link is a Wi-Fi network, the backup network link may be a cellular data network (for example, a 5G network).
  • the UE determines whether the remaining data traffic in the traffic package subscribed by the user exceeds the threshold A, and if it exceeds, Then the UE activates the backup network link. Otherwise, the UE does not enable the backup network link. In this way, avoid generating excessive data traffic charges for users.
  • the backup network link is a cellular data network (such as a 5G network)
  • the UE determines whether the remaining data traffic in the traffic package subscribed by the user exceeds the threshold A, and if it exceeds, Then the UE activates the backup network link. Otherwise, the UE does not enable the backup network link. In this way, avoid generating excessive data traffic charges for users.
  • the UE before the UE performs step S103, if the UE determines that the remaining power is lower than the threshold B (for example, 10%), the UE does not activate the backup network link. In this way, it is avoided that the power of the UE is consumed due to the activation of the backup network link, thereby affecting the user's use of the UE.
  • the threshold B for example, 10%
  • the network quality monitoring module 100b sends the standby network link start instruction information to the connection management module 100c.
  • the start indication information is used to instruct the connection management module 100c to determine whether a corresponding PDU session needs to be established for the foreground application.
  • connection management module 100c determines whether it is necessary to establish a PDU session corresponding to the foreground application, if so, execute step S106; if not, execute step S107.
  • the PDU session corresponding to the foreground application in the UE there is no need to establish a PDU session for the foreground application.
  • it includes: the foreground application is associated with a certain PDU session, or a certain PDU session matches the parameters in the routing descriptor corresponding to the foreground application,
  • the parameters in the routing descriptor include one or more of S-NSSAI, SSC mode, data network identification, and access type. If the PDU session corresponding to the foreground application is not activated, the PDU session needs to be activated.
  • the time when the UE starts to activate the PDU session is determined according to the time when the network quality prediction module 100a predicts that the current network quality deteriorates and the time required to activate the PDU session. For example, if the network quality prediction module 100a predicts that the network quality of the current network link will deteriorate after 10 seconds. It only takes 5 seconds to activate the PDU session. Then the UE can start to activate the PDU session 5 seconds, 6 seconds, 7 seconds, 8 seconds, 9 seconds, and 10 seconds before the network quality of the current network link deteriorates. The UE only needs to complete the activation of the PDU session before the current network link quality deteriorates.
  • the foreground application is an application running in the foreground in the UE.
  • connection management module 100c and the modem 100d execute a PDU session establishment process.
  • the PDU session establishment process can refer to the PDU session establishment process in the prior art, which will not be repeated here.
  • the time to start the establishment of the PDU session may be determined according to the time when the network quality prediction module 100a predicts the current deterioration of the network quality and the time required to establish the PDU session.
  • connection management module 100c sends response information to the network quality monitoring module 100b.
  • connection management module 100c determines that the PDU session corresponding to the foreground application is ready, the connection management module 100c sends response information to the network quality monitoring module.
  • the response information is used to notify the network quality monitoring module 100b that the PDU corresponding to the foreground application is ready.
  • the network quality monitoring module 100b determines whether the foreground application supports the Multi-Path transmission mode, if yes, execute step S109a; if not, execute step S109b.
  • the network quality monitoring module 100b determines that the foreground application supports the Multi-Path transmission mode. If the foreground application supports the Multi-Path transmission mode, step S109a is executed. If the foreground application does not support the Multi-Path transmission mode, step S109b is executed.
  • MPTCP Multi-Path Transport Control Protocol
  • the network quality monitoring module 100b and the connection management module 100c trigger the activation of the Multi-Path transmission mode, that is, the UE transmits the data of the foreground application through the current network link and the backup network link.
  • the network quality monitoring module 100b and the connection management module 100c trigger the switching of the transmission link.
  • the network quality monitoring module 100b and the connection management module 100c trigger the execution of the switching of the transmission link, that is, the UE transmits the data of the foreground application through the backup network link, and stops using the network link used before switching to the backup network link to transmit the foreground application The data.
  • the UE can predict that the network link currently used by the UE will deteriorate in network quality after a period of time. Before the network quality of the current network link deteriorates, the UE prepares the backup network link, and transmits the data of the foreground application simultaneously through the backup network link, or through the backup network link and the current network link. By predicting the network quality of the current network link, the UE can take measures in advance before the network quality of the current network link deteriorates, so as to avoid stalling when the foreground application runs after the link quality of the network link deteriorates.
  • the PDU session required by the foreground application is available when the UE activates the cellular data network, and it can also prevent the foreground application in the UE from stalling when the network quality of the currently used network link deteriorates.
  • this method can reduce the number of times that users experience time delays and freezes during the running of the foreground application. In this way, the user experience can be improved.
  • the network link currently used by the UE is a Wi-Fi network
  • the backup network link is a 5G network.
  • the UE predicts that the network quality of the Wi-Fi network currently in use will deteriorate in a certain period of time
  • the UE starts to start the 5G network and prepares the corresponding PDU session for the foreground application. Then, the UE transmits the data of the foreground application through the PDU session, or transmits the data of the foreground application through the PDU session and the Wi-Fi network.
  • the specific process of the UE from transmitting the data of the foreground application through the Wi-Fi network to transmitting the data of the foreground application through the PDU session, or transmitting the data of the foreground application through the PDU session and the Wi-Fi network can refer to Figure 6.
  • connection management method proposed in this application may specifically include the following steps:
  • the UE uses a wireless fidelity Wi-Fi network to transmit the data of the first application.
  • the first application is an application running in the foreground in the UE, that is, the foreground application described above.
  • the first application may be a communication application, a game application, a video application, etc., and there is no limitation on which application and which application the first application is.
  • the UE currently uses the Wi-Fi network to transmit the data of the first application.
  • the delay value of the UE transmitting the first data through Wi-Fi is different.
  • Different types of applications have different requirements for delay values. For example, game applications require that the delay in data transmission is as small as possible. If the time delay is too large, the game will freeze, which will affect the user experience.
  • the UE obtains first data, where the first data includes link quality information between the current Wi-Fi network and the UE.
  • the UE may obtain the first data.
  • the first data includes link quality information between the current Wi-Fi network and the UE, time information acquired by the UE, location information, motion information, and so on.
  • the first data please refer to the description of the first data in step S101, which will not be repeated here.
  • the UE periodically obtains the first data. In this way, the UE can obtain the link quality between the UE and the Wi-Fi network in time.
  • the method before the data is collected, the method includes: the UE collects learning data, and the UE determines the first time at which the UE collects the first data according to the learning data; the UE collecting the first data specifically includes: the UE is in the first Time to collect the first data. In this way, the UE only collects the first data in a fixed time period every day, and does not need to collect data periodically, which can save the power consumption of the UE.
  • the learning data may be the time point or time period when the link quality between the UE and the first Wi-Fi network (for example, a Wi-Fi network at home, a Wi-Fi network at an office, etc.) is lower than a certain threshold.
  • the learning data may also be the time point or time period when the UE switches from the first Wi-Fi network to the cellular data network every day. Then, according to the time point or time period in the learning data, the UE can determine the first time to collect the first data every day. For example, if a user leaves home at 8 o'clock every day, the user will leave the coverage area of the Wi-Fi network in the home, and the user will switch the Wi-Fi network in the UE to cellular mobile data.
  • the learning data recorded in the UE is that the time when the UE switches from the home Wi-Fi network to the cellular data network is 8 o’clock, then the learning data is carried out according to the learning data, and the UE is 8 o’clock every day or some time before 8 o’clock (for example, 7:50, Or 7:55, etc.) Start collecting the first data.
  • the learning data can also be the time the user opens a specific application that has strict requirements on time delay every day. For example, if a user starts to play a game with UE at 8 o'clock every evening, the game application has strict requirements on the delay value of data transmission. For example, the game application requires the data transmission delay value to be less than 200 milliseconds. In order to prevent the Wi-Fi network from failing to meet the requirements, the user will switch the Wi-Fi connected to the UE to a 5G network. Then the learning data in the UE may be the time that the user opens the game application every day. In this way, the first time for collecting the first data may be a few seconds or a few minutes before the user opens the game application.
  • the UE can complete acquiring the first data before the user opens the game, and just switch the Wi-Fi network to a 5G network.
  • the UE can start collecting the first data 20 seconds before the user opens the game, or collect the first data 40 seconds before the user opens the game application, or collect the first data multiple times before the user opens the game application, etc., which is not limited here. .
  • the UE performs step S202 only after the connection management function in the UE is turned on. If the connection management function in the UE is not enabled, the UE does not perform step S202. After the connection function is turned on, the UE will obtain the link quality information, time information, or movement information of the current network link, and determine whether the current network link (such as Wi-Fi network) needs to be switched to the backup network link based on this information (For example, 5G network). The user is not aware of this process, which can ensure that the UE's network link is of good network quality while the user is using the UE. In other words, when the connection management function is not turned on, the UE will not switch the Wi-Fi network to which the UE is connected to the cellular data network. This can prevent the UE from switching the Wi-Fi network to the cellular data network when the user does not know it, or when the user does not want to use the cellular data network. It can avoid causing the user's data traffic cost to increase.
  • the connection management function in the UE is not
  • the UE may have a control for enabling the connection management function. As shown in the user interface 700 in FIG. 7, the user can turn on the connection management function through the control 701. If there are not many remaining data flows in the data flow package subscribed by the user in the current month, the user may not enable the connection management function in the UE. In this way, the user can choose whether to enable the connection management function by himself, which improves the user experience.
  • the UE judges whether the first data meets the handover connection condition, and the handover connection condition is determined by the UE according to historical data. If yes, proceed to step S204; if not, proceed to step S201.
  • the UE collects historical data, and generates connection switching conditions based on the historical data.
  • the historical data includes historical connection data between the Wi-Fi network and the UE, and/or information collected by sensors in the UE when the UE is connected to the Wi-Fi network.
  • the historical connection data can be the link quality information between the UE and the Wi-Fi network when the UE is connected to the Wi-Fi network, and the time information and location information when the Wi-Fi link quality is lower than a certain threshold.
  • the handover connection condition may be that the signal strength of the Wi-Fi network received by the UE is lower than the first threshold; If the link quality information is the delay information when the UE transmits the data of the first application through the Wi-Fi network, the connection switching condition is that the delay when the UE transmits the data of the first application through the Wi-Fi network is greater than the second threshold.
  • the handover connection conditions reference may be made to the description of the handover connection conditions in step 101, which will not be repeated here.
  • the UE determines that the remaining data traffic in the 5G traffic package subscribed by the user exceeds the threshold A, and the UE performs step S204; otherwise, the UE does not perform step S204.
  • the UE stops performing the step of switching the Wi-Fi network link to the 5G network link. In this way, you can avoid adding additional data traffic charges for users.
  • the UE determines that the remaining power exceeds the threshold B, and the UE performs step S204; otherwise, the UE does not perform step S204.
  • the UE stops performing the step of switching the Wi-Fi network link to the 5G network link. In this way, the power consumption of the UE can be saved, and the shutdown of the UE due to the UE switching the Wi-Fi network link to the 5G network link can be avoided.
  • the UE judges whether there is a first PDU session in the current protocol data unit PDU session of the UE, and the first PDU session meets the data transmission condition of the first application. If yes, go to step S205a; if not, go to step S205b.
  • the first PDU session satisfies the data transmission condition of the first application, including: the first application is associated with the first PDU session, or the first PDU session is associated with the routing descriptor corresponding to the first application
  • the parameters in the routing descriptor match, and the parameters in the routing descriptor include one or more of S-NSSAI, SSC mode, data network identification, and access type.
  • the UE transmits the data of the first application through the first PDU session, or transmits the data of the first application through the Wi-Fi network and the first PDU session.
  • the UE transmits the data of the first application through the Wi-Fi network and the first PDU session. If either the UE or the first application server does not support MPTCP, the UE transmits the data of the first application through the first PDU session.
  • the method before step S205a, includes: if the first PDU session is associated with the first application, the electronic device activates the first PDU session; if the first PDU session is not associated with the first application, the electronic device The device associates the first PDU session with the first application, and activates the first PDU session.
  • the UE establishes a first PDU session, and transmits the data of the first application through the first PDU session, or transmits the data of the first application through the Wi-Fi network and the first PDU session.
  • the UE establishes the first PDU session for the first application.
  • the process of establishing the first PDU session refers to the process of establishing a PDU session in the prior art, which will not be repeated here. If both the UE and the server corresponding to the first application support MPTCP, the UE transmits the data of the first application through the Wi-Fi network and the first PDU session. If either the UE or the first application server does not support MPTCP, the UE transmits the data of the first application through the first PDU session.
  • the network link currently used by the UE is a Wi-Fi network
  • the backup network link is a 5G network.
  • the UE predicts that the network quality of the Wi-Fi network currently in use will deteriorate in a certain period of time
  • the UE starts to start the 5G network and prepares the corresponding PDU session for the foreground application. Then, the UE transmits the data of the foreground application through the PDU session, or transmits the data of the foreground application through the PDU session and the Wi-Fi network.
  • the UE can start the 5G network in advance before the network quality of the Wi-Fi network deteriorates, and prepare the PDU session required by the foreground application, which can avoid the freezing of the foreground application when the network quality of the Wi-Fi network deteriorates. Thereby affecting the user experience.
  • Fig. 8 shows an architecture diagram of a UE software system provided in the prior art.
  • the processor in the UE may include an application processor and a modem.
  • the application processor can include an application layer, a framework layer, and a kernel layer.
  • the kernel layer is used to provide process management, file network management, system security authority management, and the communication basis between the system and hardware devices.
  • the kernel layer may include input/output device drivers, network protocol stacks (such as transmission control protocol (TCP)/user datagram protocol (UDP), internet protocol (IP)), etc. .
  • TCP transmission control protocol
  • UDP user datagram protocol
  • IP internet protocol
  • the framework layer is used to provide various application programming interfaces (application programming interface, API) that may be used when building applications, such as connection management module, communication manager (telephony manager), radio interface layer (RIL) , Service quality statistics module, network quality control module, etc.
  • the connection manager is mainly used to manage operations related to network connections.
  • the communication manager is mainly used to manage information related to UEs, operators, etc., such as device information, SIM card information, network information, and so on.
  • the wireless interface layer is mainly used for reliable transmission of data and sending of commands.
  • the service quality statistics module is used to count the running quality of the application (delay, freeze, etc.) in the application process.
  • the network quality monitoring module is used to trigger the switch between the Wi-Fi network and the cellular data network in the UE, activate the Multi-Path transmission mode, and trigger the switch between the SIM card 1 and the SIM card 2.
  • the application layer includes an application program installed on the UE, where the application program may be referred to as an application for short.
  • the application can be a native application (such as settings, desktop, file management, etc.) or a third-party application (such as WeChat, games, etc.).
  • the application processor in the UE can support the installation of applications (APP) with different functions to meet different needs of users.
  • APP applications
  • the modem performs modulation and demodulation based on the protocol specified by the supported communication technology.
  • the protocol specified by the communication technology in the embodiments of the present application may also be referred to as a communication protocol.
  • the communication protocol stack is the sum of the communication protocols of each layer. Exemplarily, as shown in FIG. 8, the communication protocol stack of the modem may be divided into a control plane and a user plane arranged vertically.
  • control plane is used to transmit control signaling, mainly including non-access (stratum, NAS) layer, radio resource control (radio resource control, RRC) layer, service data adaptation protocol (service data adaptation protocol, SDAP) ) Layer, packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) layer, radio link control (RLC) layer, media access control (MAC) layer, and physical (PHY) layer.
  • the user plane is used to transmit data information and mainly includes the SDAP layer, PDCP layer, RLC layer, MAC layer, and PHY layer. It should be understood that, under different communication technologies, the method of dividing the protocol layer of the control plane and the user plane may be different or the same.
  • the RRC layer, the SDAP layer, the PDCP layer, the RLC layer, the MAC layer, and the PHY layer all belong to the access (access stratum, AS) layer.
  • Fig. 9 shows an architecture diagram of a UE software system provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the processor in the UE may include an application processor and a modem.
  • the application processor can include an application layer, a framework layer, and a kernel layer.
  • the framework layer in the UE software system architecture provided by the embodiment of the present application further includes a network quality prediction module.
  • the network quality prediction module can obtain the link quality information of the cellular data network from the modem modem, the quality link information between the UE and the Wi-Fi network from the Wi-Fi module, and the service quality statistics module. To the running quality of the foreground application. The network quality prediction module predicts that the network quality of the current network link will deteriorate after a period of time and informs the network quality monitoring module.
  • the network quality monitoring module After the network quality monitoring module receives the notification from the network quality prediction module, the network quality monitoring module connects to the management module to switch between the Wi-Fi network and the cellular data network in the UE, activate the Multi-Path transmission mode, and trigger SIM card 1 and SIM Switch between card 2 and so on.
  • connection management module switches between the Wi-Fi network and the cellular data network, activates the Multi-Path transmission mode, and switches between the SIM card 1 and the SIM card 2 according to the instructions of the network quality monitoring module.
  • the connection management module and the non-access layer in the modem jointly perform the establishment of a PDU session corresponding to the foreground application.
  • the UE can predict that the network link currently used by the UE will deteriorate in network quality after a period of time. Before the network quality of the current network link deteriorates, the UE prepares the backup network link, and transmits the data of the foreground application simultaneously through the backup network link, or through the backup network link and the current network link. By predicting the network quality of the current network link, the UE can take measures in advance before the network quality of the current network link deteriorates, so as to avoid stalling when the foreground application runs after the link quality of the network link deteriorates.
  • the PDU session required by the foreground application is available when the UE activates the cellular data network, and it can also prevent the foreground application in the UE from stalling when the network quality of the currently used network link deteriorates.
  • this method can reduce the number of times that users experience time delays and freezes during the running of the foreground application. In this way, the user experience can be improved.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of another hardware architecture of the UE according to an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 10 only shows the main components of the user equipment 1000.
  • the user equipment 1000 may include a processor 1003, a memory 1002, and a transceiver 1001.
  • the processor 1003 is mainly used to run program codes in the user equipment 1000, so that the user equipment 1000 executes the connection management method described in the foregoing method embodiments.
  • the memory 1002 may be a read-only memory (ROM) or other types of static storage communication devices that can store static information and instructions, a random access memory (RAM), or other types that can store information and instructions.
  • ROM read-only memory
  • RAM random access memory
  • dynamic storage communication equipment it can also be electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), compactdisc read-only memory (CD-ROM) or other optical storage, optical discs Storage (including compact discs, laser discs, optical discs, digital versatile discs, Blu-ray discs, etc.), magnetic disk storage media or other magnetic storage communication devices, or can be used to carry or store desired program codes in the form of instructions or data structures and can Any other medium accessed by the computer, but not limited to this.
  • the memory 1002 may exist independently or may be integrated with the processor 1003.
  • the memory 1002 is used to store a software program for executing the solution of the present application, and is controlled by the processor 1003 to execute.
  • the processor 1003 is controlled by the processor 1003 to execute.
  • the transceiver 1001 may be an independently set transmitter, which may be used to send information to other devices, and the transceiver 1001 may also be an independently set receiver, which is used to receive information from other devices.
  • the transceiver may also be a component that integrates the functions of sending and receiving information, and the embodiment of the present application does not limit the specific implementation of the transceiver.
  • the user equipment 1000 may further include a bus 1001.
  • the processor 1003, the memory 1002, and the transceiver 1001 can be connected to each other via a bus 1004;
  • the bus 1004 can be a peripheral component interconnect (PCI) bus or an extended industry standard architecture (extended industry standard architecture, abbreviated as PCI). EISA) bus, etc.
  • the bus 1004 can be divided into an address bus, a data bus, a control bus, and the like. For ease of representation, only one thick line is used to represent in FIG. 10, but it does not mean that there is only one bus or one type of bus.
  • the disclosed system, device, and method can be implemented in other ways.
  • the device embodiments described above are only illustrative.
  • the division of the units is only a logical function division, and there may be other divisions in actual implementation, for example, multiple units or components may be combined or It can be integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored or not implemented.
  • the displayed or discussed mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection may be indirect coupling or communication connection through some interfaces, devices or units, and may be in electrical, mechanical or other forms.
  • the units described as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and the components displayed as units may or may not be physical units, that is, they may be located in one place, or they may be distributed on multiple network units. Some or all of the units may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the objectives of the solutions of the embodiments.
  • the functional units in the various embodiments of the present application may be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit may exist alone physically, or two or more units may be integrated into one unit.
  • the function is implemented in the form of a software functional unit and sold or used as an independent product, it can be stored in a computer readable storage medium.
  • the technical solution of the present application essentially or the part that contributes to the existing technology or the part of the technical solution can be embodied in the form of a software product, and the computer software product is stored in a storage medium, including Several instructions are used to make a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) or a processor (processor) execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in the various embodiments of the present application.
  • the aforementioned storage media include: U disk, mobile hard disk, ROM, RAM, magnetic disk or optical disk and other media that can store program codes.

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Abstract

本申请公开了一种连接管理方法和相关设备，该方法包括：UE可以预测到UE当前使用的网络链路在一段时间后网络质量变差。UE在当前网络链路的网络质量变差之前，准备好备用网络链路，并通过备用网络链路，或者通过备用网络链路和当前网络链路同时传输前台应用的数据。这样，UE可在当前网络链路的网络质量变差之前，提前采取措施，避免了网络链路的链路质量变差后前台应用运行时发生卡顿。

Description

一种连接管理方法及相关设备
本申请要求于2020年02月26日提交中国专利局、申请号为202010121230.9、申请名称为“一种连接管理方法及相关设备”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及通信技术领域，尤其涉及一种连接管理方法及相关设备。
背景技术
会话(session)是处于用户设备(user equipment，UE)和数据网络(data network，DN)之间的连接，用于在UE和数据网络之间传输数据。在第五代移动通信技术(5th generation，5G)中，会话统称为协议数据单元(protocol data unit，PDU)会话。根据应用程序对会话的不同需求，一个UE可以建立多个PDU会话来传输不同应用程序的数据。
随着通信技术的发展，UE(例如手机)也在不断的更新换代。UE既可以使用Wi-Fi网络传输数据，也可以使用蜂窝数据网络传输数据。当Wi-Fi网络和蜂窝数据网络同时可用的时候，UE会优先使用Wi-Fi网络传输数据。
现有技术中，当UE检测到当前使用的Wi-Fi网络的链路质量变差时，才会启用蜂窝数据网络。当启用蜂窝数据网络时，蜂窝数据网络还需要准备好传输数据需要的会话。在5G场景下，UE还需要准备好满足UE中前台运行应用程序需求的PDU会话。这样，UE在从使用Wi-Fi网络传输数据切换到使用蜂窝数据网络传输数据的过程中，会导致UE需要在较长时间内才能接收或者发送出应用程序的数据。举例来说，这时，用户若使用UE中的视频类应用程序看视频，或者游戏类的应用程序玩游戏，会发现视频画面或者游戏界面卡顿，无法观看的流畅的视频或者游戏界面无法根据用户操作刷新。这样，用户体验差。
发明内容
本申请提供了一种连接管理方法及相关设备，可以减少电子设备中的前台应用在当前网络链路的网络质量变差时出现卡顿的时间。
第一方面，本申请提供了一种连接管理方法，该方法应用于电子设备，该方法具体包括：使用无线保真Wi-Fi网络传输第一应用的数据；获取第一数据，第一数据包括当前Wi-Fi网络与电子设备之间的链路质量信息；判断第一数据是否满足切换连接条件，切换连接条件是电子设备根据历史数据确定的；若第一数据满足切换连接条件，判断电子设备当前存在的协议数据单元PDU会话中是否存在第一PDU会话，第一PDU会话满足第一应用的数据的传输条件；若第一PDU会话不存在，建立第一PDU会话，并通过第一PDU会话传输第一应用的数据，或者通过Wi-Fi网络和第一PDU会话传输第一应用的数据；若第一PDU会话存在，通过第一PDU会话传输第一应用的数据，或者通过Wi-Fi网络和第一PDU会话传输第一应用的数据。
由此可见，实施本申请第一方面提供的方法，当电子设备预测到当前使用的Wi-Fi网络的网络质量将在一定时间后变差时，电子设备开始启动5G网络，并准备好前台应用对应的PDU会话。然后，电子设备通过该PDU会话传输前台应用的数据，或者通过PDU会话和 Wi-Fi网络传输前台应用的数据。电子设备可以Wi-Fi网络的网络质量变差之前，提前准备5G网络。这样，可以避免用户在使用电子设备中使用前台应用时感受到前台应用运行卡顿，提升了用户体验。
结合第一方面，在一种可能的实现方式中，第一PDU会话满足第一应用的数据的传输条件，包括：第一应用与第一PDU会话关联，或第一PDU会话与第一应用对应的路由选择描述器中的参数匹配，参数包括单一网络切片选择辅助信息S-NSSAI、服务和会话连续性SSC模式、数据网络标识DNN、接入类型中的至少一项。
结合第一方面，在一种可能的实现方式中，该方法还包括：采集历史数据，根据历史数据生成切换连接条件。其中，历史数据包括Wi-Fi网络与电子设备之间的历史连接数据，和/或电子设备连接Wi-Fi网络时电子设备中传感器采集到的信息。
具体地，历史连接数据可以包括电子设备连接Wi-Fi的MAC地址、SSID(Service Set Identifier)、连接Wi-Fi的时间、电子设备断开Wi-Fi的时间、电子设备连接Wi-Fi网络期间Wi-Fi网络与电子设备之间的链路质量。传感器采集到信息可以包括加速度传感器采集到的加速度信息、陀螺仪传感器采集到的信息、重力传感器采集到的信息。
可选地，若链路质量信息为电子设备接收到Wi-Fi网络的信号强度信息，则切换连接条件包括电子设备接收到Wi-Fi网络的信号强度低于第一阈值。
可选地，若链路质量信息为电子设备通过Wi-Fi网络传输第一应用的数据时的时延信息；则切换连接条件包括电子设备通过Wi-Fi网络传输第一应用的数据时的时延大于第二阈值；
可选地，若链路质量信息为电子设备接收到Wi-Fi网络的信号质量信息，则切换连接条件包括电子设备接收到Wi-Fi网络的信号质量低于第三阈值。
可选地，若链路质量信息为电子设备与Wi-Fi网络之间的网络链路的吞吐率，则切换连接条件包括电子设备与Wi-Fi网络之间的网络链路的吞吐率低于第四阈值。
可选地，若链路质量信息为电子设备通过Wi-Fi网络传输第一应用的数据时的丢包率，则切换连接条件为电子设备通过Wi-Fi网络传输第一应用的数据的丢包率大于第五阈值。
可选地，若历史数据为电子设备从Wi-Fi网络切换到蜂窝数据网络的时间为第一时间段，则切换连接条件为电子设备当前的时间在第二时间段，第二时间段为第一时间段之前的时间段。
结合第一方面，在一种可能的实现方式中，在获取第一数据之前，第一方面的方法还包括：电子设备采集学习数据，根据学习数据确定电子设备获取第一数据的第一时间；电子设备采集第一数据具体包括：电子设备在第一时间获取第一数据。这样，电子设备只在固定时间获取第一数据，可以节约电子设备的功耗。
结合第一方面，在一种可能的实现方式中，电子设备周期性地采集第一数据。这样，电子设备可以及时知道电子设备所连接网络的网络质量，以便电子设备能够及时在电子设备中网络链路的网络质量变差之前切换网络链路。
结合第一方面，在一种可能的实现方式中，判断电子设备当前存在的协议数据单元PDU会话中是否存在第一PDU会话之前，包括：电子设备确定用户订阅的5G数据流量套餐中剩余的流量数据超过阈值A，则电子设备判断电子设备当前存在的协议数据单元PDU会话中是否存在第一PDU会话。否则电子设备不执行将Wi-Fi网络链路切换为5G网络链路的步骤。这样，可以避免为用户增加额外的数据流量费用。
结合第一方面，在一种可能的实现方式中，判断电子设备当前存在的协议数据单元PDU 会话中是否存在第一PDU会话之前，包括：电子设备确定剩余电量超过阈值B，则电子设备判断电子设备当前存在的协议数据单元PDU会话中是否存在第一PDU会话。否则电子设备不执行将Wi-Fi网络链路切换为5G网络链路的步骤。这样，可以节约UE的功耗，避免因为UE将Wi-Fi网络链路切换为5G网络链路而导致UE关机。
结合第一方面，在一种可能的实现方式中，第一应用为电子设备前台运行的应用。
第二方面，本申请提供一种连接管理方法，该方法应用于电子设备，包括：使用第一网络链路传输第一应用的数据；获取第一数据，第一数据包括第一网络链路的链路质量信息；判断第一数据是否满足切换连接条件，切换连接条件是电子设备根据第一历史数据确定的；若第一数据满足切换连接条件，则启动第二网络链路；通过第二网络链路传输第一应用的数据，或者，通过第二网络链路和第一网络链路传输第一应用的数据。
其中，当第一网络链路为Wi-Fi网络时，第二网络链路可以为蜂窝数据网络；当第一网络链路为4G蜂窝数据网络时，第二网络链路可以为Wi-Fi网络或5G蜂窝数据网络；当第一网络链路为SIM卡1提供的蜂窝数据网络，第二网络链路可以为Wi-Fi网络或SIM卡2提供的蜂窝数据网络。
实施第二方面提供的方法，电子设备可以预测到电子设备当前使用的网络链路(即第一网络链路)在一段时间后网络质量变差。电子设备在当前网络链路的网络质量变差之前，准备好备用网络链路(即第二网络链路)，并通过备用网络链路，或者通过备用网络链路和当前网络链路同时传输前台应用的数据。电子设备通过预测当前网络链路的网络质量，可在当前网络链路的网络质量变差之前，提前采取措施，避免了网络链路的链路质量变差后前台应用运行时发生卡顿。这样，用户在使用电子设备过程中，可以减少电子设备出现网络变差的情况。即该方法可以减少用户感受到前台应用运行过程中出现时延、卡顿的次数。这样，可以提升用户体验。
结合第二方面，在一种可能的实现方式中，该方法还包括：采集第一历史数据，根据第一历史数据生成切换连接条件。其中，历史数据包括第一网络链路与电子设备之间的历史连接数据，和/或电子设备连接第一网络链路时电子设备中传感器采集到的信息。
具体地，历史连接数据可以包括电子设备连接第一网络链路的时间、电子设备断开第一网络链路的时间、电子设备连接第一网络链路期间第一网络链路的链路质量。传感器采集到信息可以包括加速度传感器采集到的加速度信息、陀螺仪传感器采集到的信息、重力传感器采集到的信息。
可选地，若链路质量信息为第一网络链路的信号强度信息，则切换连接条件为第一网络链路的信号强度低于第一阈值。
可选地，若链路质量信息为电子设备通过第一网络链路传输第一应用的数据时的时延信息；则切换连接条件为电子设备通过第一网络链路传输第一应用的数据时的时延大于第二阈值；
可选地，若链路质量信息为第一网络链路的信号质量信息，则切换连接条件为第一网络链路的信号质量低于第三阈值。
可选地，若链路质量信息为第一网络链路的吞吐率，则切换连接条件为第一网络链路的吞吐率低于第四阈值。
可选地，若链路质量信息为电子设备通过第一网络链路传输第一应用的数据时的丢包率，则切换连接条件为电子设备通过第一网络链路传输第一应用的数据的丢包率大于第五阈值。
可选地，若历史数据为电子设备从第一网络链路切换到第二网络链路的时间为第一时间段，则切换连接条件为电子设备当前的时间在第二时间段，第二时间段为第一时间段之前的时间段。
可选地，传感器采集到的数据为加速度数据，则切换连接条件为电子设备当前获取的加速度大于第六阈值。
结合第二方面，在一种可能的实现方式中，在获取第一数据之前，第一方面的方法还包括：电子设备采集学习数据，根据学习数据确定电子设备获取第一数据的第一时间；电子设备采集第一数据具体包括：电子设备在第一时间获取第一数据。这样，电子设备只在固定时间采集第一数据，可以节约电子设备的功耗。
结合第二方面，电子设备周期性地获取第一数据。这样，电子设备可以及时知道电子设备所连接网络的网络质量，以便电子设备能够及时在电子设备中网络链路的网络质量变差之前切换网络链路。
结合第二方面，在一种可能的实现方式中，第一应用为电子设备前台运行的应用。
结合第二方面，在一种可能的实现方式中，电子设备在启动第二网络链路包括：获取第二数据，并判断第二数据是否满足第一条件，若满足，则电子设备启动第二网络。其中，第二数据包括当前第二网络链路的链路质量信息，第一条件根据第二历史数据生成。这样，先判断第二网络链路的链路质量。第二网络链路的链路质量满足条件才切换成第二网络链路。避免了切换后的网络链路不好，而导致电子设备又开始触发切换网络链路的过程，节约了电子设备的功耗。也避免的用户在电子设备过程中电子设备中的网络链路一直切换，可以提升了用户体验。
结合第二方面，在一种可能的实现方式中，该方法还包括：获取第二历史数据，并根据第二历史数据生成第一条件。其中，第二历史数据包括第二网络链路的链路质量信息。
可选地，若第二历史数据为第二网络链路的信号强度信息，则切换连接条件为第二网络链路的信号强度大于第七阈值。
可选地，若第二历史数据为第二网络链路的信号质量信息，则第一条件为第二网络链路的信号质量大于第八阈值。
结合第二方面，若第二网络链路为5G网络，则启动第二网络链路包括：判断电子设备当前存在的协议数据单元PDU会话中是否存在第一PDU会话，若不存在，则建立第一PDU会话。
结合第二方面，在一种可能的实现方式中，第一PDU会话满足第一应用的数据的传输条件，包括：第一应用与第一PDU会话关联，即第一应用与第一PDU会话之间已经建立了通过第一PDU会话传输第一应用的关联关系，第一应用的数据可以直接通过第一PDU会话传输。或第一PDU会话与第一应用对应的路由选择描述器中的参数匹配，即第一PDU会话满足传输第一应用程序的数据的条件，第一PDU会话可用于传输第一应用程序的数据，但是第一应用与第一PDU会话并未建立关联关系。参数包括单一网络切片选择辅助信息S-NSSAI、服务和会话连续性SSC模式、数据网络标识DNN、接入类型中的至少一项。
第三方面，本申请提供了一种连接管理装置，包括：第一传输单元、获取单元、第一判断单元、第二判断单元、第二传输单元、第三传输单元，其中，
第一传输单元，用于使用无线保真Wi-Fi网络传输第一应用的数据；
获取单元，用于获取第一数据，第一数据包括当前Wi-Fi网络与装置之间的链路质量信 息；
第一判断单元，用于判断第一数据是否满足切换连接条件，切换连接条件是装置根据历史数据确定的；
第二判断单元，用于在第一数据满足切换连接条件的情况下，判断装置当前存在的协议数据单元PDU会话中是否存在第一PDU会话，第一PDU会话满足第一应用的数据的传输条件；
第二传输单元，用于在第一PDU会话不存在的情况下，建立第一PDU会话，并通过第一PDU会话传输第一应用的数据，或者通过Wi-Fi网络和第一PDU会话传输第一应用的数据；
第三传输单元，用于在第一PDU会话存在的情况下，通过第一PDU会话传输第一应用的数据，或者通过Wi-Fi网络和第一PDU会话传输第一应用的数据。
第三方面提供的连接管理装置，该装置可以预测到装置当前使用的网络链路(即第一网络链路)在一段时间后网络质量变差。该装置在当前网络链路的网络质量变差之前，准备好备用网络链路(即第二网络链路)，并通过备用网络链路，或者通过备用网络链路和当前网络链路同时传输前台应用的数据。该装置通过预测当前网络链路的网络质量，可在当前网络链路的网络质量变差之前，提前采取措施，避免了网络链路的链路质量变差后前台应用运行时发生卡顿。这样，用户在使用该装置过程中，可以减少该装置出现网络变差的情况。即该方法可以减少用户感受到前台应用运行过程中出现时延、卡顿的次数。这样，可以提升用户体验。
结合第三方面，在一种可能的实现方式中，第一PDU会话满足第一应用的数据的传输条件，包括：第一应用与第一PDU会话关联，或第一PDU会话与第一应用对应的路由选择描述器中的参数匹配，参数包括单一网络切片选择辅助信息S-NSSAI、服务和会话连续性SSC模式、数据网络标识DNN、接入类型中的至少一项。
结合第三方面，在一种可能的实现方式中，该装置还包括第一激活单元和第二激活单元，其中，
第一激活单元，用于在第一PDU会话与第一应用关联的情况下，激活第一PDU会话；
第二激活单元，用于在第一PDU会话与第一应用不关联的情况下，将第一PDU会话与第一应用关联，并激活第一PDU会话。
结合第三方面，在一种可能的实现方式中，连接管理装置还包括第一采集单元，其中，
第一采集单元，用于采集历史数据，根据历史数据生成切换连接条件；历史数据包括Wi-Fi网络与装置之间的历史连接数据，和/或装置连接Wi-Fi网络时装置中传感器采集到的信息。
结合第三方面，在一种可能的实现方式中，连接管理装置还包括第二采集单元，其中，第二采集单元，用于采集学习数据，根据学习数据确定获取单元获取第一数据的第一时间；
获取单元具体用于在第一时间获取第一数据。
结合第三方面，在一种可能的实现方式中，链路质量信息为装置接收到Wi-Fi网络的信号强度信息；切换连接条件为装置接收到Wi-Fi网络的信号强度低于第一阈值；或，
链路质量信息为装置通过Wi-Fi网络传输第一应用的数据时的时延信息；切换连接条件为装置通过Wi-Fi网络传输第一应用的数据时的时延大于第二阈值。
结合第三方面，在一种可能的实现方式中，第一应用为装置前台运行的应用。
第四方面，本申请提供了一种电子设备，包括一个或多个处理器和一个或多个存储器。 该一个或多个存储器与一个或多个处理器耦合，一个或多个存储器用于存储计算机程序代码，计算机程序代码包括计算机指令，当一个或多个处理器执行计算机指令时，使得电子设备执行上述任第一方面任一项可能的实现方式和第二方面任一项可能的实现方式中的连接管理方法。
第五方面，本申请实施例提供了一种计算机存储介质，包括计算机指令，当计算机指令在电子设备上运行时，使得通信装置执行上述第一方面任一项可能的实现方式和第二方面任一项可能的实现方式中提供的方法。
第六方面，本申请实施例提供了一种计算机程序产品，当计算机程序产品在计算机上运行时，使得计算机执行上述第一方面任一项可能的实现方式和第二方面任一项可能的实现方式中的提供的方法。
附图说明
图1为本申请实施例提供的一种游戏应用的用户界面示意图；
图2为本申请实施例提供的一种游戏应用的用户界面示意图；
图3为本申请实施例提供的一中通信系统的架构示意图；
图4为本申请实施例提供的一种用户设备的硬件构架示意图；
图5为本申请实施例提供的一种连接管理方法的流程示意图；
图6为本申请实施例提供的一种连接管理方法的流程示意图；
图7为本申请实施例提供的一种启动连接管理功能的界面示意图；
图8为现有技术提供的一种用户设备的软件系统架构图；
图9为本申请实施例提供的一种用户设备的软件系统架构图；
图10为本申请实施例提供的另一种用户设备的硬件构架示意图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合附图对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清除、详尽地描述。其中，在本申请实施例的描述中，除非另有说明，“/”表示或的意思，例如，A/B可以表示A或B；文本中的“和/或”仅仅是一种描述关联对象的关联关系，表示可以存在三种关系，例如，A和/或B，可以表示：单独存在A，同时存在A和B，单独存在B这三种情况，另外，在本申请实施例的描述中，“多个”是指两个或多于两个。
以下，术语“第一”、“第二”仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为暗示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。由此，限定有“第一”、“第二”的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括一个或者更多个该特征，在本申请实施例的描述中，除非另有说明，“多个”的含义是两个或两个以上。此外，本申请的描述中所提到的术语“包括”和“具有”以及它们的任何变形，意图在于覆盖不排他的包含。例如包含了一系列步骤或单元的过程、方法、系统、产品或设备没有限定于已列出的步骤或单元，而是可选地还包括其他没有列出的步骤或单元，或可选地还包括对于这些过程、方法、产品或设备固有的其它步骤或单元。需要说明的是，本申请实施例中，“示例性的”或者“例如”等词用于表示作例子、例证或说明。本申请实施例中被描述为“示例性的”或者“例如”的任何实施例或设计方案不应被解释为比其它实施例或设计方案更优选或更具优势。确切而言，使用“示例性的”或者“例如”等词旨在以具体方式呈现相关概 念。
UE当前通过Wi-Fi网络传输第一应用(例如，游戏应用)的数据。如图1所示，当Wi-Fi网络与UE之间链路质量良好的时候，UE可以在业务要求的时延范围内通过Wi-Fi接收到第一应用的数据包，从而可以根据接收到的数据包刷新用户界面。如图2所示，当Wi-Fi网络与UE之间的链路质量差的时候，UE在第一时刻接收到第一个数据包，在第二时刻接收到第二个数据包。第一时刻与第二时刻之间间隔了500毫秒，而业务要求时延需要小于500毫秒则UE在第二时刻接收到的数据无法满足业务时延要求。这样，导致UE无法及时刷新用户界面，用户会感觉到玩游戏时游戏界面卡顿，从而影响用户体验。
现有技术中，当UE与Wi-Fi网络之间的链路质量变差后，UE才会切换传输数据的链路。即，UE从通过Wi-Fi网络传输数据切换到通过蜂窝移动网络传输数据，或者变换为通过Wi-Fi网络和蜂窝移动网络传输数据。由于UE切换传输数据的链路需要时间，从而导致UE接收到第一应用的数据的时延增加。若在5G的情况下，UE需要准备好与第一应用对应的PDU会。由于UE准备PDU会话需要时间，从而会造成第一应用传输数据时延增加。这样，影响用户体验。
5G中，PDU会话建立机制为按需建立，其用户面激活机制也为按需机制，即应用未启动前，PDU会话不被建立。当PDU会话建立后，该PDU会话没有传输数据时，该PDU会话可以处于未激活状态。另外，5G中PDU会话不同于4G中PDU会话的一个区别是：5G中，不是所有应用程序都通过一个PDU会话来传输数据。当应用程序启动时，终端会根据特定规则(例如用户设备路由选择策略(UE Route Selection Policy，URSP)规则)确定是否为应用程序创建特定的PDU会话来传输该应用程序的数据。
本申请实施例针对现有技术中的问题，提出了一种连接管理方法。该方法包括：UE当前使用第一网络链路(例如，Wi-Fi网络、蜂窝数据网络)传输第一应用(例如，通讯类应用、游戏类应用)的数据。UE获取包含第一网络链路的链路质量信息的第一数据，并判断第一数据是否满足切换连接条件。若第一数据满足切换连接条件，则UE改变传输第一应用的数据的网络链路(例如，Wi-Fi网络改变为蜂窝数据网络、蜂窝数据网络改变为Wi-Fi网络、4G改变为5G、5G改变为4G、卡1的蜂窝数据网络改变为卡2的数据网络等等)，并准备好传输第一应用的数据所需的传输链路(例如，5G中第一应用对应的PDU会话)。
在第四代(fourth generation，4G)移动通信技术中，UE通常只建立两个会话。其中，一个会话用于传输语音业务，另一个会话用于传输数据业务。在第五代移动通信技术(5th generation，5G)中，会话统称为协议数据单元(protocol data unit，PDU)会话。根据应用程序对会话的不同需求，一个UE可以建立多个PDU会话来传输不同应用程序的数据。当UE通过5G技术来传输第一应用的数据时，UE需要保证第一应用对应的PDU会话存在。
在本申请中，与第一应用对应的PDU会话有两种：1、与第一应用关联的PDU会话；2、与第一应用未关联，与第一应用对应的路由选择描述器中的参数匹配的PDU会话。其中，第一应用对应的路由选择描述器中参数包括网络切片选择辅助信息(single network slice selection assistance information，S-NSSAI)、业务和会话连续性(service and session continuity，SSC)模式、数据网络标识(data network name，DNN)以及接入类型中的一项或多项。本申请中，网络切片选择辅助信息又可以成为单一网络切片选择辅助信息。
第一应用与第一PDU会话关联。也就是说，对于UE中的调制解调器而言，第一PDU会话中承载了第一应用的数据。对于UE中的应用处理器而言，第一网络连接绑定了第一应 用。与PDU会话关联的应用程序可以是满足重要等级级别的应用程序，如视频会议类、游戏类等对数据传输时延有一定要求的、重要等级较高的应用程序。
这里，每一个PDU会话即为一个网络连接，网络连接绑定PDU会话的IP地址。其中，在调制解调器侧，通常将“在UE和数据网络之间传输数据的连接”描述为PDU会话，在应用处理器侧，通常将“在UE和数据网络之间传输数据的连接”描述为网络连接。
参见图3，以支持5G移动通信技术的通信系统为例，对该通信系统的网络架构进行介绍。该5G网络架构中的网元包括接入网络(access network，AN)、接入与移动管理功能(authentication management function，AMF)实体、会话管理功能(session management function，SMF)实体、策略控制功能(policy control function，PCF)实体、用户面功能(user plane function，UPF)实体、独立数据管理(unified data management，UDM)实体、鉴权服务功能(authentication server function，AUSF)实体、数据网络(data network，DN)、应用功能(application function，AF)实体、网络仓储功能(network repository function，NRF)实体、网络暴露功能(network exposure function，NEF)实体、网络切片选择功能(network slice selection function，NSSF)实体等。
其中，接入网络也可以为无线接入网络(radio access network，RAN)，其是一种部署在无线接入网用以提供无线通信功能的装置。可选的，本申请实施例所涉及的RAN设备包括例如但不限于如下各种形式的宏基站，微基站(也称为小站)，中继站，发送接收点(transmission reception point，TRP)，下一代网络节点(g Node B，gNB)、连接下一代核心网的演进型节点B(ng evolved Node B，ng-eNB)等，还可以包括无线局域网(wireless local area network，WLAN)接入设备等非第三代合作伙伴计划(3rd generation partnership project，3GPP)系统的RAN设备。
AMF实体具有UE的移动性管理、注册管理、连接管理、合法监听、支持传输UE和SMF之间的会话管理(session management，SM)信息、接入认证和接入授权等功能。
SMF实体具有会话管理、漫游等功能。其中，会话管理功能，例如，会话建立、修改和释放。漫游功能可以包括计费数据收集、支持与外部(external)数据网络(data network，DN)进行认证/授权的信令传输。
PCF实体包含用户签约信息管理功能、策略控制功能、计费策略控制功能、服务质量(quality of service，QoS)控制等。
UPF实体是用户面的功能网元，主要负责连接外部网络，以及对用户报文进行处理，如转发、计费、合法监听等。可选的，还可以接收数据。
UDM实体具有认证证书的处理，用户识别处理，访问授权，注册和移动性管理，订阅管理以及短信管理等功能。
AUSF实体具有鉴权服务功能。
DN是为UE提供服务的网络，如一些DN为UE提供上网功能，另一些DN为UE提供短信功能等。
AF实体可以与3GPP核心网络进行交互。AF实体具体可以为应用服务器，可用于与PCF实体交互，为应用定制策略。
NRF实体用于保存和维护网络功能(network function，NF)实例的信息的逻辑实体，当收到用户的业务请求时，NF实例可以通过向NRF实体查询获取能够提供用户请求的网络业务的其他NF实例，从而确定下一跳路由。
NEF实体能够提供的网络功能包括对外提供网元的服务、能力以及应用功能和边缘计算。可选的，NEF实体还提供了一种向3GPP核心网络提供信息的应用功能，例如，移动模式和通信模式。在这种情况下，NEF实体还可以提供认证、授权和限制上述应用功能的网络功能。
NSSF实体主要负责根据S-NSSAI来为UE选择网络切片实例。当NSSF实体获取到UE发送的网络切片选择辅助信息(single network slice selection assistance information，S-NSSAI)时，NSSF实体根据该S-NSSAI来选择一个为该UE服务的网络切片实例(network slice instance，NSI)和/或网络切片子网实例(network slice subnet instance，NSSI)。
其中，UE通过N1接口与AMF实体通信，RAN通过N2接口与AMF实体通信，RAN通过N3接口与UPF实体通信，UPF实体通过N4接口与SMF实体通信，UPF实体通过N6接口接入数据网络，不同UPF实体之间通过N9接口通信。AF实体通过Naf接口为其他实体(如UDM实体、PCF实体)提供服务。UDM实体通过Nudm接口为其他实体(如AF实体、PCF实体)提供服务。PCF实体通过Npcf接口为其他实体(如UDM实体、NRF实体)提供服务。NRF实体通过Nnrf接口为其他实体(如NEF实体、PCF实体)提供服务。NEF实体通过Nnef接口为其他实体(如NRF实体、NSSF实体)提供服务。NSSF实体通过Nnssf接口为其他实体(如NEF实体、NRF实体)提供服务。AUSF实体通过Nausf接口为其他实体(如AMF实体、NEF实体)提供服务。AMF实体通过Namf接口为其他实体(如AUSF实体、SMF实体)提供服务。SMF实体通过Nsmf接口为其他实体(如AUSF实体、AMF实体)提供服务。
该5G网络架构中的网元还包括UE，UE可以为手机、平板电脑、桌面型、膝上型笔记本电脑、超级移动个人计算机(ultra-mobile personal computer，UMPC)、手持计算机、上网本、个人数字助理(personal digital assistant，PDA)等设备。
在本申请中，电子设备即为本申请实施例中的UE。
图4示出了本申请实施例的UE的一种硬件架构示意图。
UE100可以包括处理器110，外部存储器接口120，内部存储器121，通用串行总线(universal serial bus，USB)接口130，充电管理模块140，电源管理模块141，电池142，天线1，天线2，移动通信模块150，无线通信模块160，音频模块170，扬声器170A，受话器170B，麦克风170C，耳机接口170D，传感器模块180，按键190，马达191，指示器192，摄像头193，显示屏194，以及用户标识模块(subscriber identification module，SIM)卡接口195等。其中传感器模块180可以包括压力传感器180A，陀螺仪传感器180B，气压传感器180C，磁传感器180D，加速度传感器180E，距离传感器180F，接近光传感器180G，指纹传感器180H，温度传感器180J，触摸传感器180K，环境光传感器180L，骨传导传感器180M等。
可以理解的是，本发明实施例示意的结构并不构成对UE100的具体限定。在本申请另一些实施例中，UE100可以包括比图示更多或更少的部件，或者组合某些部件，或者拆分某些部件，或者不同的部件布置。图示的部件可以以硬件，软件或软件和硬件的组合实现。
处理器110可以包括一个或多个处理单元，例如：处理器110可以包括应用处理器(application processor，AP)，调制解调处理器，图形处理器(graphics processing unit，GPU)，图像信号处理器(image signal processor，ISP)，控制器，视频编解码器，数字信号处理器(digital signal processor，DSP)，基带处理器，和/或神经网络处理器(neural-network processing unit，NPU)等。其中，不同的处理单元可以是独立的器件，也可以集成在一个或多个处理器中。
控制器可以根据指令操作码和时序信号，产生操作控制信号，完成取指令和执行指令的控制。
处理器110中还可以设置存储器，用于存储指令和数据。在一些实施例中，处理器110中的存储器为高速缓冲存储器。该存储器可以保存处理器110刚用过或循环使用的指令或数据。如果处理器110需要再次使用该指令或数据，可从所述存储器中直接调用。避免了重复存取，减少了处理器110的等待时间，因而提高了系统的效率。
在一些实施例中，处理器110可以包括一个或多个接口。接口可以包括集成电路(inter-integrated circuit，I2C)接口，集成电路内置音频(inter-integrated circuit sound，I2S)接口，脉冲编码调制(pulse code modulation，PCM)接口，通用异步收发传输器(universal asynchronous receiver/transmitter，UART)接口，移动产业处理器接口(mobile industry processor interface，MIPI)，通用输入输出(general-purpose input/output，GPIO)接口，用户标识模块(subscriber identity module，SIM)接口，和/或通用串行总线(universal serial bus，USB)接口等。
I2C接口是一种双向同步串行总线，包括一根串行数据线(serial data line，SDA)和一根串行时钟线(derail clock line，SCL)。在一些实施例中，处理器110可以包含多组I2C总线。处理器110可以通过不同的I2C总线接口分别耦合触摸传感器180K，充电器，闪光灯，摄像头193等。例如：处理器110可以通过I2C接口耦合触摸传感器180K，使处理器110与触摸传感器180K通过I2C总线接口通信，实现UE100的触摸功能。
I2S接口可以用于音频通信。在一些实施例中，处理器110可以包含多组I2S总线。处理器110可以通过I2S总线与音频模块170耦合，实现处理器110与音频模块170之间的通信。在一些实施例中，音频模块170可以通过I2S接口向无线通信模块160传递音频信号，实现通过蓝牙耳机接听电话的功能。
PCM接口也可以用于音频通信，将模拟信号抽样，量化和编码。在一些实施例中，音频模块170与无线通信模块160可以通过PCM总线接口耦合。在一些实施例中，音频模块170也可以通过PCM接口向无线通信模块160传递音频信号，实现通过蓝牙耳机接听电话的功能。所述I2S接口和所述PCM接口都可以用于音频通信。
UART接口是一种通用串行数据总线，用于异步通信。该总线可以为双向通信总线。它将要传输的数据在串行通信与并行通信之间转换。在一些实施例中，UART接口通常被用于连接处理器110与无线通信模块160。例如：处理器110通过UART接口与无线通信模块160中的蓝牙模块通信，实现蓝牙功能。在一些实施例中，音频模块170可以通过UART接口向无线通信模块160传递音频信号，实现通过蓝牙耳机播放音乐的功能。
MIPI接口可以被用于连接处理器110与显示屏194，摄像头193等外围器件。MIPI接口包括摄像头串行接口(camera serial interface，CSI)，显示屏串行接口(display serial interface，DSI)等。在一些实施例中，处理器110和摄像头193通过CSI接口通信，实现UE100的拍摄功能。处理器110和显示屏194通过DSI接口通信，实现UE100的显示功能。
GPIO接口可以通过软件配置。GPIO接口可以被配置为控制信号，也可被配置为数据信号。在一些实施例中，GPIO接口可以用于连接处理器110与摄像头193，显示屏194，无线通信模块160，音频模块170，传感器模块180等。GPIO接口还可以被配置为I2C接口，I2S接口，UART接口，MIPI接口等。
USB接口130是符合USB标准规范的接口，具体可以是Mini USB接口，Micro USB接口，USB Type C接口等。USB接口130可以用于连接充电器为UE100充电，也可以用于UE100与外围设备之间传输数据。也可以用于连接耳机，通过耳机播放音频。该接口还可以用于连接其他UE，例如AR设备等。
可以理解的是，本发明实施例示意的各模块间的接口连接关系，只是示意性说明，并不构成对UE100的结构限定。在本申请另一些实施例中，UE100也可以采用上述实施例中不同的接口连接方式，或多种接口连接方式的组合。
充电管理模块140用于从充电器接收充电输入。其中，充电器可以是无线充电器，也可以是有线充电器。在一些有线充电的实施例中，充电管理模块140可以通过USB接口130接收有线充电器的充电输入。在一些无线充电的实施例中，充电管理模块140可以通过UE100的无线充电线圈接收无线充电输入。充电管理模块140为电池142充电的同时，还可以通过电源管理模块141为UE供电。
电源管理模块141用于连接电池142，充电管理模块140与处理器110。电源管理模块141接收电池142和/或充电管理模块140的输入，为处理器110，内部存储器121，显示屏194，摄像头193，和无线通信模块160等供电。电源管理模块141还可以用于监测电池容量，电池循环次数，电池健康状态(漏电，阻抗)等参数。在其他一些实施例中，电源管理模块141也可以设置于处理器110中。在另一些实施例中，电源管理模块141和充电管理模块140也可以设置于同一个器件中。
UE100的无线通信功能可以通过天线1，天线2，移动通信模块150，无线通信模块160，调制解调处理器以及基带处理器等实现。
天线1和天线2用于发射和接收电磁波信号。UE100中的每个天线可用于覆盖单个或多个通信频带。不同的天线还可以复用，以提高天线的利用率。例如：可以将天线1复用为无线局域网的分集天线。在另外一些实施例中，天线可以和调谐开关结合使用。
移动通信模块150可以提供应用在UE100上的包括2G/3G/4G/5G等无线通信的解决方案。移动通信模块150可以包括至少一个滤波器，开关，功率放大器，低噪声放大器(low noise amplifier，LNA)等。移动通信模块150可以由天线1接收电磁波，并对接收的电磁波进行滤波，放大等处理，传送至调制解调处理器进行解调。移动通信模块150还可以对经调制解调处理器调制后的信号放大，经天线1转为电磁波辐射出去。在一些实施例中，移动通信模块150的至少部分功能模块可以被设置于处理器110中。在一些实施例中，移动通信模块150的至少部分功能模块可以与处理器110的至少部分模块被设置在同一个器件中。
调制解调处理器可以包括调制器和解调器。其中，调制器用于将待发送的低频基带信号调制成中高频信号。解调器用于将接收的电磁波信号解调为低频基带信号。随后解调器将解调得到的低频基带信号传送至基带处理器处理。低频基带信号经基带处理器处理后，被传递给应用处理器。应用处理器通过音频设备(不限于扬声器170A，受话器170B等)输出声音信号，或通过显示屏194显示图像或视频。在一些实施例中，调制解调处理器可以是独立的器件。在另一些实施例中，调制解调处理器可以独立于处理器110，与移动通信模块150或其他功能模块设置在同一个器件中。
无线通信模块160可以提供应用在UE100上的包括无线局域网(wireless local area networks，WLAN)(如无线保真(wireless fidelity，Wi-Fi)网络)，蓝牙(bluetooth，BT)，全球导航卫星系统(global navigation satellite system，GNSS)，调频(frequency modulation，FM)，近距离无线通信技术(near field communication，NFC)，红外技术(infrared，IR)等无线通信的解决方案。无线通信模块160可以是集成至少一个通信处理模块的一个或多个器件。无线通信模块160经由天线2接收电磁波，将电磁波信号调频以及滤波处理，将处理后的信号发送到处理器110。无线通信模块160还可以从处理器110接收待发送的信号，对其进行调频，放大， 经天线2转为电磁波辐射出去。
在一些实施例中，UE100的天线1和移动通信模块150耦合，天线2和无线通信模块160耦合，使得UE100可以通过无线通信技术与网络以及其他设备通信。所述无线通信技术可以包括全球移动通讯系统(global system for mobile communications，GSM)，通用分组无线服务(general packet radio service，GPRS)，码分多址接入(code division multiple access，CDMA)，宽带码分多址(wideband code division multiple access，WCDMA)，时分码分多址(time-division code division multiple access，TD-SCDMA)，长期演进(long term evolution，LTE)，BT，GNSS，WLAN，NFC，FM，和/或IR技术等。所述GNSS可以包括全球卫星定位系统(global positioning system，GPS)，全球导航卫星系统(global navigation satellite system，GLONASS)，北斗卫星导航系统(beidou navigation satellite system，BDS)，准天顶卫星系统(quasi-zenith satellite system，QZSS)和/或星基增强系统(satellite based augmentation systems，SBAS)。
UE100通过GPU，显示屏194，以及应用处理器等实现显示功能。GPU为图像处理的微处理器，连接显示屏194和应用处理器。GPU用于执行数学和几何计算，用于图形渲染。处理器110可包括一个或多个GPU，其执行程序指令以生成或改变显示信息。
显示屏194用于显示图像，视频等。显示屏194包括显示面板。显示面板可以采用液晶显示屏(liquid crystal display，LCD)，有机发光二极管(organic light-emitting diode，OLED)，有源矩阵有机发光二极体或主动矩阵有机发光二极体(active-matrix organic light emitting diode，AMOLED)，柔性发光二极管(flex light-emitting diode，FLED)，Miniled，MicroLed，Micro-oLed，量子点发光二极管(quantum dot light emitting diodes，QLED)等。在一些实施例中，UE100可以包括1个或N个显示屏194，N为大于1的正整数。
UE100可以通过ISP，摄像头193，视频编解码器，GPU，显示屏194以及应用处理器等实现拍摄功能。
ISP用于处理摄像头193反馈的数据。例如，拍照时，打开快门，光线通过镜头被传递到摄像头感光元件上，光信号转换为电信号，摄像头感光元件将所述电信号传递给ISP处理，转化为肉眼可见的图像。ISP还可以对图像的噪点，亮度，肤色进行算法优化。ISP还可以对拍摄场景的曝光，色温等参数优化。在一些实施例中，ISP可以设置在摄像头193中。
摄像头193用于捕获静态图像或视频。物体通过镜头生成光学图像投射到感光元件。感光元件可以是电荷耦合器件(charge coupled device，CCD)或互补金属氧化物半导体(complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor，CMOS)光电晶体管。感光元件把光信号转换成电信号，之后将电信号传递给ISP转换成数字图像信号。ISP将数字图像信号输出到DSP加工处理。DSP将数字图像信号转换成标准的RGB，YUV等格式的图像信号。在一些实施例中，UE100可以包括1个或N个摄像头193，N为大于1的正整数。
数字信号处理器用于处理数字信号，除了可以处理数字图像信号，还可以处理其他数字信号。例如，当UE100在频点选择时，数字信号处理器用于对频点能量进行傅里叶变换等。
视频编解码器用于对数字视频压缩或解压缩。UE100可以支持一种或多种视频编解码器。这样，UE100可以播放或录制多种编码格式的视频，例如：动态图像专家组(moving picture experts group，MPEG)1，MPEG2，MPEG3，MPEG4等。
NPU为神经网络(neural-network，NN)计算处理器，通过借鉴生物神经网络结构，例如借鉴人脑神经元之间传递模式，对输入信息快速处理，还可以不断的自学习。通过NPU可以实现UE100的智能认知等应用，例如：图像识别，人脸识别，语音识别，文本理解等。
外部存储器接口120可以用于连接外部存储卡，例如Micro SD卡，实现扩展UE100的存储能力。外部存储卡通过外部存储器接口120与处理器110通信，实现数据存储功能。例如将音乐，视频等文件保存在外部存储卡中。
内部存储器121可以用于存储计算机可执行程序代码，所述可执行程序代码包括指令。内部存储器121可以包括存储程序区和存储数据区。其中，存储程序区可存储操作系统，至少一个功能所需的应用程序(比如声音播放功能，图像播放功能等)等。存储数据区可存储UE100使用过程中所创建的数据(比如音频数据，电话本等)等。此外，内部存储器121可以包括高速随机存取存储器，还可以包括非易失性存储器，例如至少一个磁盘存储器件，闪存器件，通用闪存存储器(universal flash storage，UFS)等。处理器110通过运行存储在内部存储器121的指令，和/或存储在设置于处理器中的存储器的指令，执行UE100的各种功能应用以及数据处理。
UE100可以通过音频模块170，扬声器170A，受话器170B，麦克风170C，耳机接口170D，以及应用处理器等实现音频功能。例如音乐播放，录音等。
音频模块170用于将数字音频信息转换成模拟音频信号输出，也用于将模拟音频输入转换为数字音频信号。音频模块170还可以用于对音频信号编码和解码。在一些实施例中，音频模块170可以设置于处理器110中，或将音频模块170的部分功能模块设置于处理器110中。
扬声器170A，也称“喇叭”，用于将音频电信号转换为声音信号。UE100可以通过扬声器170A收听音乐，或收听免提通话。
受话器170B，也称“听筒”，用于将音频电信号转换成声音信号。当UE100接听电话或语音信息时，可以通过将受话器170B靠近人耳接听语音。
麦克风170C，也称“话筒”，“传声器”，用于将声音信号转换为电信号。当拨打电话或发送语音信息时，用户可以通过人嘴靠近麦克风170C发声，将声音信号输入到麦克风170C。UE100可以设置至少一个麦克风170C。在另一些实施例中，UE100可以设置两个麦克风170C，除了采集声音信号，还可以实现降噪功能。在另一些实施例中，UE100还可以设置三个，四个或更多麦克风170C，实现采集声音信号，降噪，还可以识别声音来源，实现定向录音功能等。
耳机接口170D用于连接有线耳机。耳机接口170D可以是USB接口130，也可以是3.5mm的开放移动UE平台(open mobile terminal platform，OMTP)标准接口，美国蜂窝电信工业协会(cellular telecommunications industry association of the USA，CTIA)标准接口。
压力传感器180A用于感受压力信号，可以将压力信号转换成电信号。在一些实施例中，压力传感器180A可以设置于显示屏194。压力传感器180A的种类很多，如电阻式压力传感器，电感式压力传感器，电容式压力传感器等。电容式压力传感器可以是包括至少两个具有导电材料的平行板。当有力作用于压力传感器180A，电极之间的电容改变。UE100根据电容的变化确定压力的强度。当有触摸操作作用于显示屏194，UE100根据压力传感器180A检测所述触摸操作强度。UE100也可以根据压力传感器180A的检测信号计算触摸的位置。在一些实施例中，作用于相同触摸位置，但不同触摸操作强度的触摸操作，可以对应不同的操作指令。例如：当有触摸操作强度小于第一压力阈值的触摸操作作用于短消息应用图标时，执行查看短消息的指令。当有触摸操作强度大于或等于第一压力阈值的触摸操作作用于短消息应用图标时，执行新建短消息的指令。
陀螺仪传感器180B可以用于确定UE100的运动姿态。在一些实施例中，可以通过陀螺仪传感器180B确定UE100围绕三个轴(即，x，y和z轴)的角速度。陀螺仪传感器180B可以用于拍摄防抖。示例性的，当按下快门，陀螺仪传感器180B检测UE100抖动的角度，根据角度计算出镜头模组需要补偿的距离，让镜头通过反向运动抵消UE100的抖动，实现防抖。陀螺仪传感器180B还可以用于导航，体感游戏场景。
气压传感器180C用于测量气压。在一些实施例中，UE100通过气压传感器180C测得的气压值计算海拔高度，辅助定位和导航。
磁传感器180D包括霍尔传感器。UE100可以利用磁传感器180D检测翻盖皮套的开合。在一些实施例中，当UE100是翻盖机时，UE100可以根据磁传感器180D检测翻盖的开合。进而根据检测到的皮套的开合状态或翻盖的开合状态，设置翻盖自动解锁等特性。
加速度传感器180E可检测UE100在各个方向上(一般为三轴)加速度的大小。当UE100静止时可检测出重力的大小及方向。还可以用于识别UE姿态，应用于横竖屏切换，计步器等应用。
距离传感器180F，用于测量距离。UE100可以通过红外或激光测量距离。在一些实施例中，拍摄场景，UE100可以利用距离传感器180F测距以实现快速对焦。
接近光传感器180G可以包括例如发光二极管(LED)和光检测器，例如光电二极管。发光二极管可以是红外发光二极管。UE100通过发光二极管向外发射红外光。UE100使用光电二极管检测来自附近物体的红外反射光。当检测到充分的反射光时，可以确定UE100附近有物体。当检测到不充分的反射光时，UE100可以确定UE100附近没有物体。UE100可以利用接近光传感器180G检测用户手持UE100贴近耳朵通话，以便自动熄灭屏幕达到省电的目的。接近光传感器180G也可用于皮套模式，口袋模式自动解锁与锁屏。
环境光传感器180L用于感知环境光亮度。UE100可以根据感知的环境光亮度自适应调节显示屏194亮度。环境光传感器180L也可用于拍照时自动调节白平衡。环境光传感器180L还可以与接近光传感器180G配合，检测UE100是否在口袋里，以防误触。
指纹传感器180H用于采集指纹。UE100可以利用采集的指纹特性实现指纹解锁，访问应用锁，指纹拍照，指纹接听来电等。
温度传感器180J用于检测温度。在一些实施例中，UE100利用温度传感器180J检测的温度，执行温度处理策略。例如，当温度传感器180J上报的温度超过阈值，UE100执行降低位于温度传感器180J附近的处理器的性能，以便降低功耗实施热保护。在另一些实施例中，当温度低于另一阈值时，UE100对电池142加热，以避免低温导致UE100异常关机。在其他一些实施例中，当温度低于又一阈值时，UE100对电池142的输出电压执行升压，以避免低温导致的异常关机。
触摸传感器180K，也称“触控器件”。触摸传感器180K可以设置于显示屏194，由触摸传感器180K与显示屏194组成触摸屏，也称“触控屏”。触摸传感器180K用于检测作用于其上或附近的触摸操作。触摸传感器可以将检测到的触摸操作传递给应用处理器，以确定触摸事件类型。可以通过显示屏194提供与触摸操作相关的视觉输出。在另一些实施例中，触摸传感器180K也可以设置于UE100的表面，与显示屏194所处的位置不同。
骨传导传感器180M可以获取振动信号。在一些实施例中，骨传导传感器180M可以获取人体声部振动骨块的振动信号。骨传导传感器180M也可以接触人体脉搏，接收血压跳动信号。在一些实施例中，骨传导传感器180M也可以设置于耳机中，结合成骨传导耳机。音 频模块170可以基于所述骨传导传感器180M获取的声部振动骨块的振动信号，解析出语音信号，实现语音功能。应用处理器可以基于所述骨传导传感器180M获取的血压跳动信号解析心率信息，实现心率检测功能。
按键190包括开机键，音量键等。按键190可以是机械按键。也可以是触摸式按键。UE100可以接收按键输入，产生与UE100的用户设置以及功能控制有关的键信号输入。
马达191可以产生振动提示。马达191可以用于来电振动提示，也可以用于触摸振动反馈。例如，作用于不同应用(例如拍照，音频播放等)的触摸操作，可以对应不同的振动反馈效果。作用于显示屏194不同区域的触摸操作，马达191也可对应不同的振动反馈效果。不同的应用场景(例如：时间提醒，接收信息，闹钟，游戏等)也可以对应不同的振动反馈效果。触摸振动反馈效果还可以支持自定义。
指示器192可以是指示灯，可以用于指示充电状态，电量变化，也可以用于指示消息，未接来电，通知等。
SIM卡接口195用于连接SIM卡。SIM卡可以通过插入SIM卡接口195，或从SIM卡接口195拔出，实现和UE100的接触和分离。UE100可以支持1个或N个SIM卡接口，N为大于1的正整数。SIM卡接口195可以支持Nano SIM卡，Micro SIM卡，SIM卡等。同一个SIM卡接口195可以同时插入多张卡。所述多张卡的类型可以相同，也可以不同。SIM卡接口195也可以兼容不同类型的SIM卡。SIM卡接口195也可以兼容外部存储卡。UE100通过SIM卡和网络交互，实现通话以及数据通信等功能。在一些实施例中，UE100采用eSIM，即：嵌入式SIM卡。eSIM卡可以嵌在UE100中，不能和UE100分离。
为了便于理解，以下结合附图对本申请实施例提供的连接管理方法进行具体介绍。
结合图5，本申请实施例提供的一种连接管理方法适用于支持5G移动通信技术的UE。其中，UE中存在PDU会话。UE中存在PDU会话具体是指：UE通过网络设备建立有PDU会话，该UE上保存有PDU会话的上下文。该UE能够通过存在的PDU会话向网络设备传输数据。其中，PDU会话的上下文包括但不限于PDU会话标识、PDU会话对应的网络切片的信息、PDU会话所使用的互联网协议(Internet protocol，IP)地址、PDU会话的SSC模式等等。上述UE中存在的PDU会话的数目可以是一个，也可以是多个。UE中存在的PDU会话中可以有与第一应用对应的PDU会话，也可以没有与第一应用对应的PDU会话。
这里UE中存在的PDU会话可以处于未激活的状态。具体来说，当UE与基站的连接，以及基站与UPF之间的连接(图3中示出的N3接口)断开时，PDU会话处于未激活状态。一般，当PDU会话无数据传输时，UE与基站之间的连接断开，以及N3接口断开。若UE需要PDU会话传输数据时，需要激活PDU会话。激活PDU会话是指UE建立与基站之间的连接，以及基站建立与UPF之间的连接。
参见图5，本申请实施例提供的UE中可以包含网络质量预测模块100a、网络质量监控模块100b、连接管理模块100c以及调制解调器100d。其中，网络质量预测模块100a、网络质量监控模块100b、连接管理模块100c可以分别集成在单独的芯片中，也可以耦合在同一芯片中，此处不做限定。本申请实施例提供的连接管理方法可以包括如下步骤：
S101、网络质量预测模块100a根据历史数据预测特定时间范围内UE当前使用网络链路的链路质量变差或者UE离开其覆盖区域。
可以理解的是，预测当前使用网络链路的链路质量变差，可以理解为在当前链路质量高于一定门限是预测一定时间后会低于一定门限。也可理解为一段时间内，当前链路质量的变化趋势由强变弱时，预测一定时间后链路质量会低于一定门限。UE离开其覆盖区域，可以理解为UE不能接收到此网络链路的信号，或者接收到的此网络链路的信号强度低于一定门限，无法进行有效的数据传输。例如，用户在家时使用Wi-Fi上网，此网络链路为Wi-Fi网络对应的链路，当用户离开家时，Wi-Fi网络的信号强度逐渐变弱，直至接收不到。因此，此处的UE离开其覆盖区域也可以理解为UE离开一个固定场所，例如离开家或者离开工作单位等。
网络质量预测模块100a可以根据历史数据学习训练得到切换链接条件。然后网络质量预测模块100a判断当前获取到的第一数据是否满足切换连接条件，若满足，则网络质量预测模块100a可以预测出在特定时间范围内，UE当前使用的网络链路的链路质量变差。或者网络质量预测模块100a预测出UE在特定时间范围内离开当前使用网络链路的覆盖区域。
这里，UE可以通过一个模型，输入历史数据进行训练该模型，该模型可以输出切换连接条件。该模型可以是深度神经网络、卷积神经网路等等，此处不做限定。如何利用历史数据训练神经网络，输出连接切换条件可以参考现有技术中对神经网络的训练过程，此处不再赘述。
在一种可能的实现方式中，历史数据可以包括：UE中网络链路发生改变时的UE的位置数据、运动数据、以及UE中每一次网络链路发生改变时的时间数据、以及UE中网络链路即将发生改变时的前一段时间或后一段时间内当前网络链路的链路质量信息等等。链路质量信息可以包括信号强度、信号质量(信噪比)、吞吐率、时延、丢包率等等中的一项或多项。这样，训练得到的切换连接条件可以是若满足时间限定或位置限定或者链路质量要求，则UE中的网络链路发生改变。例如，用户每天8点从家里去公司，然后将UE中的蜂窝数据网络打开。UE根据历史记录学习到UE在每天8点钟将Wi-Fi网络切换为蜂窝数据网络，那么切换连接条件为若UE获取到的时间为工作日的8点或者8点前5分钟(即7点55)，UE开始将Wi-Fi网络切换为蜂窝数据网络。
其中，UE中网络链路发生改变可以包括：UE从Wi-Fi网络切换到蜂窝数据网络(4G、5G等等)、UE从蜂窝数据网络切换到Wi-Fi网络、UE从SIM卡1提供的蜂窝数据网络切换到SIM卡2提供的蜂窝数据网络、UE从4G网络切换到5G网络、UE从通过Wi-Fi网络传输数据改变为通过Wi-Fi网络和蜂窝数据网络传输数据、UE从通过蜂窝数据网络传输数据改变为通过蜂窝数据网络和Wi-Fi网络传输数据等等。这里UE从A网络切换为B网络是指UE从当前通过A网络传输数据变为通过B网络传输数据。
在一种可能的实现方式中，网络质量预测模块100a可以从调制解调处理器100d和UE中的Wi-Fi模块处获取到网络链路的链路质量信息中信号强度、信号质量、数据的丢包率、吞吐率、移动网络服务小区信息、移动网络邻小区小信息、连接的Wi-Fi网络MAC扫描到的未连接的Wi-Fi MAC等等信息。这里网络质量预测模块100a可以调用调制解调器100d提供的接口获取到网络链路的链路质量信息。或者，网络质量预测模块100a可以向调制解调处理器100d或者UE中的操作系统订阅所需的链路质量信息。订阅成功后，调制解调处理器100d可以向网络质量预测模块周期性的上报或者由事件触发上报(例如，当调制解调处理器100d检测到信号强度低于某一个值)当前网络链路的链路质量信息。
在一种可能的实现方式中，网络质量预测模块100a可以从UE中的业务质量统计模块中获取到应用运行时的时延信息。业务质量统计模块用于统计UE中应用运行的时延信息、是 否卡顿等等信息。这里，网络质量预测模块100a可以调用业务质量统计模块中的接口获取所需信息。或者，网络质量预测模块100a可以向业务质量统计模块订阅所需信息，订阅成功后业务质量统计模块可以向网络质量预测模块周期性的上报或者由事件触发上报(例如第一应用运行时的时延大于某一个阈值)应用运行时的时延信息。
在一种可能的实现方式中，第一数据可以是当前网络链路的链路质量信息。网络质量预测模块100a根据获取到的链路质量信息判断UE当前使用的网络链路的链路质量是否变差。具体地说，网络质量预测模块100a判断链路质量信息是否满足切换连接条件，若满足切换连接条件，则网络质量预测模块100a确定UE当前使用的网络链路的链路质量在特定时间范围内(例如，10s内、15s内)变差。举例来说，若连接管理模块切换时条件为若信号强度低于第一阈值，则网络链路的链路质量差。那么网络质量预测模块100a判断出获取到的网络链路的信号强度小于第一阈值，则网络质量预测模块100a判断出当前网络链路的链路质量在特定时间范围内变差。
在一种可能的实现方式中，第一数据还可以包括UE中传感器采集到的数据。传感器采集到的数据可以包括加速度传感器采集到的加速度数据、陀螺仪传感器采集到数据，重力传感器采集到的重力加速度数据等等。网络质量预测模块100a可以获取传感器采集到的数据来判断UE是否离开当前网络链路(例如Wi-Fi网络)的覆盖区域。若传感器采集到的数据满足切换连接条件，则网络质量预测模块100a确定UE在特定时间范围内将离开当前网络链路的覆盖区域。举例来说，若切换连接条件为X轴方向的加速度大于ax(ax的绝对值大于0，例如ax＝+1米/秒)，且Y轴方向加速度大于ay(ay的绝对值大于0，例如ay＝+1米/秒)，以及Z轴方向的加速度大于az(az的绝对值大于0，例如az＝+1米/秒)时，UE在特定时间范围内离开当前网络链路的覆盖区域。则当网络质量预测模块100a获取到的X轴方向的加速度大于ax，Y轴方向加速度大于ay，且Z轴方向的加速度大于az时，网络质量预测模块100a可以判断出UE在特定时间范围内即将离开当前网络链路的覆盖区域(例如，UE连接了家里的Wi-Fi网络，一般地，UE离开家后，便离开了该Wi-Fi网络的覆盖区域)。或者，处理器110中的其他模块获取传感器采集到的数据，并根据传感器的运动数据确定出UE的运动状态(例如上下楼,连续运动)。然后，网络质量预测模块100a获取到运动状态，并根据运动状态判断UE是否离开当前网络链路的网络区域。若运动状态满足切换连接条件，则网络质量预测模块100a确定UE在特定时间范围内将离开当前网络链路的覆盖区域。若UE的运动状态为连续步行一段时间、或者上下楼一定时间、或者步数达到一定数量，则可以判断UE离开家或公司。那么UE也就离开家里或者公司的Wi-Fi网络的覆盖区域。举例来说，若连接切换条件为超东南方向的运动步数超过20步，或者超东南方向的连续运动时间超过5分钟时，UE在特定时间范围内离开当前网络链路的覆盖区域。则当网络质量预测模块100a获取到的运动UE的运动状态为朝东南方向的运动步数为25时，网络质量预测模块100a可以判断出UE在特定时间范围内将离开当前网络链路的覆盖区域。
可理解的，UE可以结合链路质量的变化以及传感器采集到数据判断UE离开当前Wi-Fi的覆盖区域。举例来说，UE根据采集到的传感器数据判断出当前的运动状态为上下楼或进出电梯，再加上Wi-Fi网络的信号强度正在变弱，UE判断出在特定时间范围内将离开当前网络链路的覆盖区域或者已经离开当前网络链路的覆盖区域。进一步地，UE根据时间信息，结合链路质量的变化以及传感器采集的数据判断UE离开当前Wi-Fi的覆盖区域。举例来说，每天早上7点30至8点30之间，UE根据采集到的传感器数据判断出当前的运动状态为上 下楼或进出电梯，再加上Wi-Fi网络的信号强度正在变弱，UE判断出在特定时间范围内将离开当前网络链路的覆盖区域或者已经离开当前网络链路的覆盖区域。
在一种可能的实现方式中，在UE获取第一数据之前，UE采集学习数据，UE根据学习数据确定UE采集第一数据的时间。UE采集第一数据包括：UE在第一时间采集第一数据。
S102、网络质量预测模块100a向网络质量监控模块100b发送通知消息。
网络质量预测模块100a预测出UE当前使用的网络链路的链路质量变差，或者UE在特定时间范围内离开当前使用网络链路的覆盖区域后，网络质量预测模块100a向网络质量监控模块100b发送通知消息。该通知消息可以是UE当前使用的网络链路的链路质量变差(例如链路质量低于一定门限，或者链路质量不能满足当前前台应用的要求)，或者UE在特定时间范围内(例如从当前时刻开始后的10s时或者10s至20s内，即当前时刻如果是8点10分0秒，则在8点10分10秒时或者8点10分10秒至8点10分20秒期间)离开当前使用网络链路的覆盖区域等消息，或者UE在特定时间范围内当前使用的网络链路的链路质量变差。或者，通知消息可以是网络质量预测模块100a让网络质量监控模块100b启动备用网络链路的消息。
在一种可能的实现方式中，在网络质量预测模块100a在向网络质量监控模块100b发送通知消息之前，网络质量预测模块100a可以预测UE可以连接的备用网络链路的网络质量。具体地，网络质量预测模块100a可以获取UE连接该备用网络时的历史数据，根据该历史数据来预测备用网络链路的网络质量。此处网络质量预测模块100a如何预测备用网络的网络质量可以参考步骤S101中对网络质量预测模块100a预测UE当前网络链路的网络质量的描述，此处不再赘述。
进一步地，若网络质量预测模块100a预测备用网络链路的网络质量低于阈值，则不执行步骤S102。即UE仍然使用当前网络链路传输数据，不启用备用网络链路。这样，可以避免UE切换到备用网络链路后，UE检测到网络质量不好又再次改变传输数据的网络链路。并且可以节约UE的功耗。
S103、网络质量监控模块100b确定启用备用网络链路。
网络质量监控模块100b收到通知消息后，确定启用备用网络链路。若当前使用网络链路为Wi-Fi网络，那么备用网络链路可以是蜂窝数据网络(例如5G网络)。
在一种可能的实现方式中，UE在执行步骤S103之前，若备用网络链路是蜂窝数据网络(例如5G网络)，UE确定用户订阅的流量套餐中剩余数据流量是否超过阈值A，若超过，则UE启用备用网络链路。否则，UE不启用备用网络链路。这样，避免给用户产生超额的数据流量费用。
在一种可能的实现方式中，UE在执行步骤S103之前，UE若确定剩余电量低于阈值B(例如10％)，则UE不启用备用网络链路。这样，避免由于启用备用网络链路而耗费UE的电量，从而影响了用户使用UE。
S104、网络质量监控模块100b向连接管理模块100c发送备用网络链路启动指示信息。
启动指示信息用于指示连接管理模块100c确定是否需为前台应用建立对应的PDU会话。
S105、连接管理模块100c确定是否需要建立前台应用对应的PDU会话，若是，则执行步骤S106；若否，则执行步骤S107。
UE中若存在前台应用对应的PDU会话，则不需要为前台应用建立的PDU对话。在一种可能的实现方式中，UE中若存在前台应用对应的PDU会话，包括：前台应用与某一PDU会 话关联，或者某一PDU会话与前台应用对应的路由选择描述器中的参数匹配，路由选择描述器中的参数包括S-NSSAI、SSC模式、数据网络标识、接入类型中的一项或多项。若前台应用对应的PDU会话未激活，则需要激活该PDU会话。这里UE开始激活PDU会话的时间根据网络质量预测模块100a预测出当前网络质量变差的时间和激活PDU会话需要的时间确定。举例来说，若网络质量预测模块100a预测出当前网络链路的网络质量在10秒后变差。激活PDU会话只需要5秒。那么UE可以在当前网络链路的网络质量变差前5秒、前6秒、前7秒、前8秒、前9秒以及前10秒开始激活PDU会话。UE只需要在当前网络链路质量变差之前完成激活PDU会话。
这里，前台应用为UE中前台运行的应用程序。
S106、连接管理模块100c和调制解调器100d执行PDU会话建立流程。
PDU会话建立流程可参考现有技术中PDU会话建立流程，此处不再赘述。
这里，开始建立PDU会话的时间可以根据网络质量预测模块100a预测出当前网络质量变差的时间和建立PDU会话需要的时间确定。此处可参考步骤S105中对开始激活PDU会话的描述，此处不再赘述。
S107、连接管理模块100c向网络质量监控模块100b发送响应信息。
当连接管理模块100c确定前台应用对应的PDU会话已准备好时，连接管理模块100c向网络质量监控模块发送响应信息。该响应信息用于通知网络质量监控模块100b前台应用对应的PDU已准备好。
S108、网络质量监控模块100b确定前台应用是否支持Multi-Path传输模式，若是，则执行步骤S109a；若否，则执行步骤S109b。
若UE和前台应用对应的服务器都支持多路传输控制协议(Multi-Path Transport Control Protocol，MPTCP)，则网络质量监控模块100b确定前台应用支持Multi-Path传输模式。若前台应用支持Multi-Path传输模式，则执行步骤S109a。若前台应用不支持Multi-Path传输模式，则执行步骤S109b。
S109a、网络质量监控模块100b和连接管理模块100c触发激活Multi-Path传输模式。
网络质量监控模块100b和连接管理模块100c触发激活Multi-Path传输模式，即UE通过当前网络链路和备用网络链路传输前台应用的数据。
S109b、网络质量监控模块100b和连接管理模块100c触发执行传输链路的切换。
网络质量监控模块100b和连接管理模块100c触发执行传输链路的切换，即UE通过备用网络链路传输前台应用的数据，并停止使用切换到备用网路链路之前使用的网络链路传输前台应用的数据。
本申请实施例提供的一种连接管理方法中，UE可以预测到UE当前使用的网络链路在一段时间后网络质量变差。UE在当前网络链路的网络质量变差之前，准备好备用网络链路，并通过备用网络链路，或者通过备用网络链路和当前网络链路同时传输前台应用的数据。UE通过预测当前网络链路的网络质量，可在当前网络链路的网络质量变差之前，提前采取措施，避免了网络链路的链路质量变差后前台应用运行时发生卡顿。并且，可以确保UE在启用蜂窝数据网络时，前台应用所需的PDU会话处于可用状态，也可以避免UE中前台应用在当前使用的网络链路的网络质量变差时发生卡顿。这样，用户在使用UE过程中，可以减少UE出现网络变差的情况。即该方法可以减少用户感受到前台应用运行过程中出现时延、卡顿的次数。这样，可以提升用户体验。
在本申请实施例的一个具体的场景中，UE当前使用的网络链路为Wi-Fi网络，备用网络链路为5G网络。当UE预测到当前使用的Wi-Fi网络的网络质量在一定时间变差后，UE开始启动5G网络，并准备好前台应用对应的PDU会话。然后，UE通过该PDU会话传输前台应用的数据，或者通过PDU会话和Wi-Fi网络传输前台应用的数据。该场景下UE从通过Wi-Fi网络传输前台应用的数据到变换为通过PDU会话传输前台应用的数据，或者通过PDU会话和Wi-Fi网络传输前台应用的数据的具体过程可参考图6。
如图6所示，本申请提出的连接管理方法中，具体可以包括如下步骤：
S201.UE使用无线保真Wi-Fi网络传输第一应用的数据。
这里，第一应用为UE中前台运行的应用，即为上文中描述的前台应用。第一应用可以是通讯类应用、游戏类应用、视频类应用等等，此处对第一应用具体为哪一种应用以及哪一个应用不做限定。
UE当前使用Wi-Fi网络传输第一应用的数据。在传输过程中，由于UE与Wi-Fi网络之间的链路质量的原因，UE通过Wi-Fi传输第一数据的时延值不同。不同类型的应用对时延值的要求不同。例如，游戏类的应用要求在数据传输过程中时延越小越好。若时延过大，造成游戏卡顿，从而影响了用户体验。
S202.UE获取第一数据，第一数据包括当前Wi-Fi网络与UE之间的链路质量信息。
UE在通过Wi-Fi网络传输第一应用的数据的过程中，UE可以获取到第一数据。第一数据包括当前Wi-Fi网络与UE之间的链路质量信息、UE获取到的时间信息、位置信息、运动信息等等。关于第一数据的详细描述可参考步骤S101中对第一数据的描述，此处不再赘述。
在一种可能的实现方式中，UE周期性的获取第一数据。这样，UE可以及时获取到UE与Wi-Fi网络之间的链路质量。
在一种可能的实现方式中，在采集数据之前，该方法包括：UE采集学习数据，UE根据学习数据确定UE采集第一数据的第一时间；UE采集第一数据具体包括：UE在第一时间采集第一数据。这样，UE每天只在固定时间段采集第一数据，不用周期性的采集数据，可以节约UE的功耗。
具体地，学习数据可以是UE与第一Wi-Fi网络(例如，家中Wi-Fi网络、办公室中的Wi-Fi网络等等)链路质量低于某个阈值的时间点或者时间段。学习数据还可以是UE每天从第一Wi-Fi网络切换到蜂窝数据网络的时间点或者时间段。那么根据学习数据中的时间点或时间段，UE可以确定出每天采集第一数据的第一时间。举例来说，若用户每天8点离开家，那么用户就会离开家庭中Wi-Fi网络的覆盖区域，用户会将UE中的Wi-Fi网络切换到蜂窝移动数据。那么UE中记录的学习数据就是UE从家庭Wi-Fi网络切换到蜂窝数据网络的时间点是8点，那么根据学习数据进行学习，UE每天8点或者8点前一段时间(例如7点50、或者7点55等等)开始采集第一数据。
学习数据还可以是用户每天开启对时延有严格要求的特定应用的时间。举例来说，例如，用户每天晚上8点开始使用UE玩游戏，该游戏应用对数据传输的时延值有严格要求，例如该游戏应用要求数据传输时延值小于200毫秒。为了防止Wi-Fi网络不能满足要求，用户会将UE连接的Wi-Fi切换成5G网络。那么UE中的学习数据可以是用户每天打开该游戏应用的时间。这样，采集第一数据的第一时间可以是用户打开该游戏应用前几秒或前几分钟。若UE采集第一数据需要5秒，那么UE从Wi-Fi网络切换到蜂窝数据网络需要15秒。那么UE可以在用户打开游戏的前完成获取第一数据，将Wi-Fi网络切换成5G网络即可。UE可以在 用户打开游戏前20秒开始采集第一数据，也可以在前40秒采集第一数据，或者在用户打开游戏应用的前半个小时多次采集第一数据等等，此处不做限定。
在一种可能的实现方式中，UE中的连接管理功能开启后，UE才执行步骤S202。若UE中的连接管理功能未开启，UE不执行步骤S202。连接功能开启后，UE会获取当前网络链路的链路质量信息、时间信息或者运动信息等等，根据这些信息判断是否需要将当前网络链路(例如Wi-Fi网络)切换为备用网络链路(例如，5G网络)。这个过程用户不感知，这样可以确保用户在使用UE的过程UE的网络链路的网络质量好。也就是说，连接管理功能未开启时，UE不会将UE连接的Wi-Fi网络切换到蜂窝数据网络。这样可以避免在用户不知道的情况，或者在用户不想使用蜂窝数据网络的情况下，UE将Wi-Fi网络切换到了蜂窝数据网络。可以避免导致用户的数据流量费用增加。
进一步地，UE中可以有开启连接管理功能的控件。如图7所示的用户界面700，用户可以通过控件701开启连接管理功能。若用户当月所订的数据流量套餐中剩余数据流程不多，用户可以不开启UE中的连接管理功能。这样，用户可以自己选择是否开启连接管理功能，提高了用户体验。
S203.UE判断第一数据是否满足切换连接条件，切换连接条件是UE根据历史数据确定的。若是，则执行步骤S204；若否，则继续执行S201。
在一种可能的实现方式中，UE采集历史数据，根据历史数据生成连接切换条件。其中，历史数据包括Wi-Fi网络与UE之间的历史连接数据，和/或UE连接Wi-Fi网络时UE中传感器采集到的信息。这里，历史连接数据可以是UE连接Wi-Fi网络时，UE与Wi-Fi网络之间的链路质量信息、以及Wi-Fi链路质量低于某一个阈值时的时间信息、位置信息等等。此处可参考步骤S101中对历史数据的描述，此处不再赘述。
在一种可能的实现方式中，若链路质量信息为UE接收到Wi-Fi网路的信号强度信息，那么切换连接条件可以是UE接收到Wi-Fi网络的信号强度低于第一阈值；若链路质量信息为UE通过Wi-Fi网络传输第一应用的数据时的时延信息，那么连接切换条件为UE通过Wi-Fi网络传输第一应用的数据时的时延大于第二阈值。关于切换连接条件可以参考步骤101中对切换连接条件的描述，此处不再赘述。
在一种可能的实现方式中，UE判断第一数据满足切换连接条件之后，UE确定用户订阅的5G流量套餐中剩余的数据流量超过阈值A，UE执行步骤S204，否则，UE不执行步骤S204。也即是说，若用户订阅的5G流量套餐中剩余的数据流量不足时，UE停止执行将Wi-Fi网络链路切换为5G网络链路的步骤。这样，可以避免为用户增加额外的数据流量费用。
在一种可能的实现方式中，UE判断第一数据满足切换连接条件之后，UE确定剩余电量超过阈值B，UE执行步骤S204，否则，UE不执行步骤S204。也即是说，UE中的剩余电量不足时，UE停止执行将Wi-Fi网络链路切换为5G网络链路的步骤。这样，可以节约UE的功耗，避免因为UE将Wi-Fi网络链路切换为5G网络链路而导致UE关机。
S204.UE判断UE当前存在的协议数据单元PDU会话中是否存在第一PDU会话，第一PDU会话满足第一应用的数据的传输条件。若是，则执行步骤S205a；若否，则执行步骤S205b。
在一种可能的实现方式中，第一PDU会话满足第一应用的数据的传输条件，包括：第一应用与第一PDU会话关联，或者第一PDU会话与第一应用对应的路由选择描述器中的参数匹配，路由选择描述器中的参数包括S-NSSAI、SSC模式、数据网络标识、接入类型中的一 项或多项。
S205a.UE通过第一PDU会话传输第一应用的数据，或者通过Wi-Fi网络和第一PDU会话传输第一应用的数据。
若UE和第一应用对应的服务器都支持MPTCP，则UE通过Wi-Fi网络和第一PDU会话传输第一应用的数据。若UE或者第一应用服务器中其中一个或者都不支持MPTCP，则UE通过第一PDU会话传输第一应用的数据。
在一种可能的实现方式中，在步骤S205a之前，该方法包括：若第一PDU会话与第一应用关联，电子设备激活第一PDU会话；若第一PDU会话与第一应用不关联，电子设备将第一PDU会话与第一应用关联，并激活第一PDU会话。
S205b.UE建立第一PDU会话，并通过第一PDU会话传输第一应用的数据，或者通过Wi-Fi网络和第一PDU会话传输第一应用的数据。
若第一PDU会话不存在，则UE为第一应用建立第一PDU会话。第一PDU会话的建立过程课参考现有技术中PDU会话的建立过程，此处不再赘述。若UE和第一应用对应的服务器都支持MPTCP，则UE通过Wi-Fi网络和第一PDU会话传输第一应用的数据。若UE或者第一应用服务器中其中一个或者都不支持MPTCP，则UE通过第一PDU会话传输第一应用的数据。
本申请实施例提供的一种连接管理方法中，UE当前使用的网络链路为Wi-Fi网络，备用网络链路为5G网络。当UE预测到当前使用的Wi-Fi网络的网络质量在一定时间变差后，UE开始启动5G网络，并准备好前台应用对应的PDU会话。然后，UE通过该PDU会话传输前台应用的数据，或者通过PDU会话和Wi-Fi网络传输前台应用的数据。UE可以在Wi-Fi网络的网络质量变差之前，提前启动5G网络，并准备好前台应用需要的PDU会话，可以避免Wi-Fi网络的网络质量变差时，前台应用运行时发生卡顿，从而影响用户体验。
图8示出了现有技术中提供的UE软件系统架构图。具体地，UE中的处理器可以包括应用处理器和调制解调器。应用处理器中可以包括应用层、框架层和内核层。
其中，内核层用于提供进程管理、文件网络管理、系统安全权限管理，以及系统与硬件设备通讯基础等。例如，内核层可以包含输入/输出设备驱动、网络协议栈(例如传输控制协议(transmission control protocol，TCP)/用户数据报协议(user datagram protocol，UDP)、互联网协议(internet protocol，IP))等。
框架层用于提供构建应用程序时可能用到的各种应用程序编程接口(application programming interface，API)，例如连接管理模块、通讯管理器(telephony manager)、无线接口层(radio interface layer，RIL)、业务质量统计模块、网络质量控制模块等。其中，连接管理器主要用于管理与网络连接相关的操作。通讯管理器主要用于管理与UE、运营商等的相关信息，例如设备信息、SIM卡信息、网络信息等。无线接口层主要用于数据的可靠传输、命令的发送等。业务质量统计模块用于统计应用使用过程应用的运行质量(时延和卡顿等等)。网络质量监控模块用于触发UE中Wi-Fi网络和蜂窝数据网络之间切换、激活Multi-Path传输模式、触发SIM卡1和SIM卡2之间的切换。
应用层包括安装在UE上的应用程序，其中，应用程序可以简称为应用。应用可以为原生应用(native application)(例如设置、桌面、文件管理等)，也可以为第三方应用(例如微信、游戏等)。
通常情况下，UE中的应用处理器可以支持安装不同功能的应用(application，APP)，以满 足用户的不同需求。比如绘图、演示、字处理、游戏、电话、视频播放器、音乐播放器、电子邮件、即时消息收发、照片管理、相机、浏览器、日历、时钟、支付、应用市场、桌面和健康管理等应用。
调制解调器是基于支持的通信技术规定的协议进行调制解调的。本申请实施例中通信技术规定的协议又可以称之为通信协议。通信协议栈是各层通信协议的总和。示例性的，如图8所示，调制解调器的通信协议栈可以被划分成垂直排列的控制面和用户面。其中，控制面用于传输控制信令，主要包括非接入(non-access stratum，NAS)层、无线资源控制(radio resource control，RRC)层、业务数据适配协议(service data adaptation protocol，SDAP)层、分组数据汇聚协议(packet data convergence protocol，PDCP)层、无线链路控制(radio link control，RLC)层、媒体访问控制(media access control，MAC)层和物理(physical，PHY)层。用户面用于传输数据信息，主要包括SDAP层、PDCP层、RLC层、MAC层和PHY层。应理解，不同的通信技术下，控制面和用户面的协议层的划分方式可以不同，也可以相同。其中，RRC层、SDAP层、PDCP层、RLC层、MAC层和PHY层均属于接入(access stratum，AS)层。
图9示出了本申请实施例提供的UE软件系统架构图。UE中的处理器可以包括应用处理器和调制解调器。应用处理器中可以包括应用层、框架层和内核层。
其中应用层和内核层可参考上述对图8中示出的应用层和内核层的描述，此处不再赘述。
与图8中示出的框架层相比，本申请实施例提供的UE软件系统架构中的框架层中还包括网络质量预测模块。
网络质量预测模块可以从调制解调器modem处获取到蜂窝数据网络的链路质量信息、从Wi-Fi模块处获取到UE与Wi-Fi网络之间的质量链路信息、以及从业务质量统计模块中获取到前台应用的运行质量。网络质量预测模块预测出当前网络链路的网络质量在一段时间变差后并通知给网络质量监控模块。
网络质量监控模块接收到网络质量预测模块的通知后，网络质量监控模块并连接管理模块进行UE中Wi-Fi网络和蜂窝数据网络之间切换、激活Multi-Path传输模式、触发SIM卡1和SIM卡2之间的切换等等。
连接管理模块根据网络质量监控模块的指令进行Wi-Fi网络和蜂窝数据网络之间切换、激活Multi-Path传输模式、SIM卡1和SIM卡2之间的切换。在5G场景中，连接管理模块和modem中的非接入层共同执行建立前台应用对应的PDU会话。
本申请实施例提供的一种连接管理方法中，UE可以预测到UE当前使用的网络链路在一段时间后网络质量变差。UE在当前网络链路的网络质量变差之前，准备好备用网络链路，并通过备用网络链路，或者通过备用网络链路和当前网络链路同时传输前台应用的数据。UE通过预测当前网络链路的网络质量，可在当前网络链路的网络质量变差之前，提前采取措施，避免了网络链路的链路质量变差后前台应用运行时发生卡顿。并且，可以确保UE在启用蜂窝数据网络时，前台应用所需的PDU会话处于可用状态，也可以避免UE中前台应用在当前使用的网络链路的网络质量变差时发生卡顿。这样，用户在使用UE过程中，可以减少UE出现网络变差的情况。即该方法可以减少用户感受到前台应用运行过程中出现时延、卡顿的次数。这样，可以提升用户体验。
如图10所示为本申请实施例的UE的另一种硬件架构示意图。为了便于说明，图10仅示出了用户设备1000的主要部件。如图10所示，用户设备1000可以包括处理器1003、存储器1002和收发器1001。
处理器1003主要用于运行用户设备1000中的程序代码，以使得用户设备1000执行上述方法实施例中描述的连接管理方法。
存储器1002可以是只读存储器(read-only memory，ROM)或可存储静态信息和指令的其他类型的静态存储通信设备，随机存取存储器(random access memory，RAM)或者可存储信息和指令的其他类型的动态存储通信设备，也可以是电可擦可编程只读存储器(electrically erasable programmable read-only memory，EEPROM)、只读光盘(compactdisc read-only memory，CD-ROM)或其他光盘存储、光碟存储(包括压缩光碟、激光碟、光碟、数字通用光碟、蓝光光碟等)、磁盘存储介质或者其他磁存储通信设备、或者能够用于携带或存储具有指令或数据结构形式的期望的程序代码并能够由计算机存取的任何其他介质，但不限于此。存储器1002可以独立存在，也可以和处理器1003集成在一起。
其中，所述存储器1002用于存储执行本申请方案的软件程序，并由处理器1003来控制执行。上述具体实现方式可以参考上述方法实施例，此处不再赘述。
收发器1001可以为独立设置的发送器，该发送器可用于向其他设备发送信息，该收发器也可以为独立设置的接收器，用于从其他设备接收信息。该收发器也可以是将发送、接收信息功能集成在一起的部件，本申请实施例对收发器的具体实现不做限制。
可选的，用户设备1000还可以包括总线1001。其中，处理器1003、存储器1002以及收发器1001可以通过总线1004相互连接；总线1004可以是外设部件互连标准(peripheral component interconnect，简称PCI)总线或扩展工业标准结构(extended industry standard architecture，简称EISA)总线等。所述总线1004可以分为地址总线、数据总线、控制总线等。为了便于表示，图10中仅用一条粗线表示，但并不表示仅有一根总线或一种类型的总线。
所属领域的技术人员可以清楚地了解到，为描述的方便和简洁，上述描述的系统、装置和单元的具体工作过程，可以参考前述方法实施例中的对应过程，在此不再赘述。
在本申请所提供的几个实施例中，应该理解到，所揭露的系统、装置和方法，可以通过其它的方式实现。例如，以上所描述的装置实施例仅仅是示意性的，例如，所述单元的划分，仅仅为一种逻辑功能划分，实际实现时可以有另外的划分方式，例如多个单元或组件可以结合或者可以集成到另一个系统，或一些特征可以忽略，或不执行。另一点，所显示或讨论的相互之间的耦合或直接耦合或通信连接可以是通过一些接口，装置或单元的间接耦合或通信连接，可以是电性，机械或其它的形式。
所述作为分离部件说明的单元可以是或者也可以不是物理上分开的，作为单元显示的部件可以是或者也可以不是物理单元，即可以位于一个地方，或者也可以分布到多个网络单元上。可以根据实际的需要选择其中的部分或者全部单元来实现本实施例方案的目的。
另外，在本申请各个实施例中的各功能单元可以集成在一个处理单元中，也可以是各个单元单独物理存在，也可以两个或两个以上单元集成在一个单元中。
所述功能如果以软件功能单元的形式实现并作为独立的产品销售或使用时，可以存储在一个计算机可读取存储介质中。基于这样的理解，本申请的技术方案本质上或者说对现有技 术做出贡献的部分或者该技术方案的部分可以以软件产品的形式体现出来，该计算机软件产品存储在一个存储介质中，包括若干指令用以使得一台计算机设备(可以是个人计算机，服务器，或者网络设备等)或处理器(processor)执行本申请各个实施例所述方法的全部或部分步骤。而前述的存储介质包括：U盘、移动硬盘、ROM、RAM、磁碟或者光盘等各种可以存储程序代码的介质。
以上所述，以上实施例仅用以说明本申请的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述实施例对本申请进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本申请各实施例技术方案的范围。

Claims (16)

  1. 一种连接管理方法，所述方法应用于电子设备，其特征在于，包括：
    使用无线保真Wi-Fi网络传输第一应用的数据；
    获取第一数据，所述第一数据包括当前所述Wi-Fi网络与所述电子设备之间的链路质量信息；
    判断所述第一数据是否满足切换连接条件，所述切换连接条件是所述电子设备根据历史数据确定的；
    若所述第一数据满足所述切换连接条件，判断所述电子设备当前存在的协议数据单元PDU会话中是否存在第一PDU会话，所述第一PDU会话满足所述第一应用的数据的传输条件；
    若所述第一PDU会话不存在，建立所述第一PDU会话，并通过所述第一PDU会话传输所述第一应用的数据，或者通过所述Wi-Fi网络和所述第一PDU会话传输所述第一应用的数据；
    若所述第一PDU会话存在，通过所述第一PDU会话传输所述第一应用的数据，或者通过所述Wi-Fi网络和所述第一PDU会话传输所述第一应用的数据。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一PDU会话满足所述第一应用的数据的传输条件，包括：
    所述第一应用与所述第一PDU会话关联，或所述第一PDU会话与所述第一应用对应的路由选择描述器中的参数匹配，所述参数包括单一网络切片选择辅助信息S-NSSAI、服务和会话连续性SSC模式、数据网络标识DNN、接入类型中的至少一项。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，若所述第一PDU会话存在，通过所述第一PDU会话传输所述第一应用的数据之前，所述方法还包括：
    若所述第一PDU会话与所述第一应用关联，则所述电子设备激活所述第一PDU会话；
    若所述第一PDU会话与所述第一应用不关联，所述电子设备将所述第一PDU会话与所述第一应用关联，并激活所述第一PDU会话。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    采集所述历史数据，根据所述历史数据生成所述切换连接条件；
    其中，所述历史数据包括所述Wi-Fi网络与所述电子设备之间的历史连接数据，和/或所述电子设备连接所述Wi-Fi网络时所述电子设备中传感器采集到的信息。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，在所述获取第一数据之前，所述方法还包括：
    所述电子设备采集学习数据，所述电子设备根据所述学习数据确定所述电子设备获取所述第一数据的第一时间；
    所述电子设备采集所述第一数据具体包括：
    所述电子设备在所述第一时间获取所述第一数据。
  6. 根据权利要求1-5任一项所述的方法，所述链路质量信息为所述电子设备接收到所述Wi-Fi网络的信号强度信息；所述切换连接条件为所述电子设备接收到所述Wi-Fi网络的信号强度低于第一阈值；或，
    所述链路质量信息为所述电子设备通过所述Wi-Fi网络传输所述第一应用的数据时的时延信息；所述切换连接条件为所述电子设备通过所述Wi-Fi网络传输所述第一应用的数据时的时延大于第二阈值。
  7. 根据权利要求1-6任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一应用为所述电子设备前台运行的应用。
  8. 一种连接管理装置，其特征在于，包括：第一传输单元、获取单元、第一判断单元、第二判断单元、第二传输单元、第三传输单元，其中，
    所述第一传输单元，用于使用无线保真Wi-Fi网络传输第一应用的数据；
    所述获取单元，用于获取第一数据，所述第一数据包括当前所述Wi-Fi网络与所述装置之间的链路质量信息；
    所述第一判断单元，用于判断所述第一数据是否满足切换连接条件，所述切换连接条件是所述装置根据历史数据确定的；
    所述第二判断单元，用于在所述第一数据满足所述切换连接条件的情况下，判断所述装置当前存在的协议数据单元PDU会话中是否存在第一PDU会话，所述第一PDU会话满足所述第一应用的数据的传输条件；
    所述第二传输单元，用于在所述第一PDU会话不存在的情况下，建立所述第一PDU会话，并通过所述第一PDU会话传输所述第一应用的数据，或者通过所述Wi-Fi网络和所述第一PDU会话传输所述第一应用的数据；
    所述第三传输单元，用于在所述第一PDU会话存在的情况下，通过所述第一PDU会话传输所述第一应用的数据，或者通过所述Wi-Fi网络和所述第一PDU会话传输所述第一应用的数据。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的装置，其特征在于，所述第一PDU会话满足所述第一应用的数据的传输条件，包括：
    所述第一应用与所述第一PDU会话关联，或所述第一PDU会话与所述第一应用对应的路由选择描述器中的参数匹配，所述参数包括单一网络切片选择辅助信息S-NSSAI、服务和会话连续性SSC模式、数据网络标识DNN、接入类型中的至少一项。
  10. 根据权利要求8或9任一项所述的装置，其特征在于，所述装置还包括第一激活单元和第二激活单元，其中，
    所述第一激活单元，用于在所述第一PDU会话与所述第一应用关联的情况下，激活所述第一PDU会话；
    所述第二激活单元，用于在所述第一PDU会话与所述第一应用不关联的情况下，将所述第一PDU会话与所述第一应用关联，并激活所述第一PDU会话。
  11. 根据权利要求8-10任一项所述的装置，其特征在于，所述装置还包括第一采集单元，其中，
    所述第一采集单元，用于采集所述历史数据，根据所述历史数据生成所述切换连接条件；所述历史数据包括所述Wi-Fi网络与所述装置之间的历史连接数据，和/或所述装置连接所述Wi-Fi网络时所述装置中传感器采集到的信息。
  12. 根据权利要求8-11任一项所述的装置，其特征在于，所述装置还包括第二采集单元，其中，
    所述第二采集单元，用于采集学习数据，根据所述学习数据确定所述获取单元获取所述第一数据的第一时间；
    所述获取单元具体用于在所述第一时间获取所述第一数据。
  13. 根据权利要求8-12任一项所述的装置，其特征在于，所述链路质量信息为所述装置接收到所述Wi-Fi网络的信号强度信息；所述切换连接条件为所述装置接收到所述Wi-Fi网络的信号强度低于第一阈值；或，
    所述链路质量信息为所述装置通过所述Wi-Fi网络传输所述第一应用的数据时的时延信息；所述切换连接条件为所述装置通过所述Wi-Fi网络传输所述第一应用的数据时的时延大于第二阈值。
  14. 根据权利要求8-13任一项所述的装置，其特征在于，所述第一应用为所述装置前台运行的应用。
  15. 一种电子设备，其特征在于，包括：存储器、一个或多个处理器，所述存储器中存储有程序代码，所述存储器和所述一个或多个处理器通信，所述一个或多个处理器运行所述代码以指令所述电子设备执行如权利要求1-7任一项所述的方法。
  16. 一种计算机存储介质，其特征在于，包括计算机指令，当所述计算机指令在电子设备上运行时，使得所述电子设备执行如权利要求1-7任一项所述的方法。
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CN114222360B (zh) * 2021-12-21 2023-09-12 南京欧珀软件科技有限公司 时间同步方法、系统及相关装置

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