WO2022036963A1 - 一种立式钢琴中带音梁及音隧的音板 - Google Patents

一种立式钢琴中带音梁及音隧的音板 Download PDF

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WO2022036963A1
WO2022036963A1 PCT/CN2020/136858 CN2020136858W WO2022036963A1 WO 2022036963 A1 WO2022036963 A1 WO 2022036963A1 CN 2020136858 W CN2020136858 W CN 2020136858W WO 2022036963 A1 WO2022036963 A1 WO 2022036963A1
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sound
soundboard
groove
wall
board
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PCT/CN2020/136858
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English (en)
French (fr)
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金海鸥
吴念博
何新喜
朱信智
李碧英
杨萍
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苏州礼乐乐器股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2022036963A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022036963A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10C—PIANOS, HARPSICHORDS, SPINETS OR SIMILAR STRINGED MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS WITH ONE OR MORE KEYBOARDS
    • G10C1/00—General design of pianos, harpsichords, spinets or similar stringed musical instruments with one or more keyboards
    • G10C1/06—General design of pianos, harpsichords, spinets or similar stringed musical instruments with one or more keyboards of harpsichords spinets or similar stringed musical instruments
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10C—PIANOS, HARPSICHORDS, SPINETS OR SIMILAR STRINGED MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS WITH ONE OR MORE KEYBOARDS
    • G10C3/00—Details or accessories
    • G10C3/06—Resonating means, e.g. soundboards or resonant strings; Fastenings thereof

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an upright piano, in particular to a soundboard with a sound beam and a sound tunnel in an upright piano.
  • the piano is a keyboard instrument in Western classical music, and is known as the "king of musical instruments". Consists of 88 keys (52 white keys, 36 black keys) and metal soundboard.
  • the piano has a total of six main structures, including strings, iron row skeleton, soundboard, action system, wooden shell, and pedals.
  • the soundboard (see Figure 1) is composed of a resonance board (also known as a large soundboard), a support wood (also known as a gear), a soundboard frame and a chord code.
  • the resonant plate is like a thin plate, with the help woods arranged at a certain distance below it, and the soundboard frame is pasted around it, and the middle and high-pitched strings and the bass strings are fixed on it.
  • the soundboard is one of the components that plays an important role in the sound quality of the piano.
  • the strings After the strings are struck by the hammers, they vibrate and produce sound. Through the transmission of the string code, the soundboard is subjected to the vibration from the strings to enhance the sound radiation, strengthen its original sound, and maximize the energy it obtains from the vibrating strings as much as possible. broadcast in the air.
  • the sound range of a piano is usually seven octaves, of which the upper range occupies about half an octave, the middle range occupies about four octaves, and the low range occupies about two and a half octaves.
  • the common problem of traditional upright pianos is that when the upright piano is sounding, its soundboard has a natural resonance frequency. After a certain range of the resonance frequency region, the high-pitched area cannot be bright, and the low-pitched area is not rich and round enough. In particular, the sound quality in the bass region has always been a shortcoming of the piano, even limiting the composer's creative width.
  • the main reason is that the soundboard of the current upright piano cannot satisfy the good broadband vibration from the treble region to the bass region, that is, it cannot simultaneously adapt to the resonance and vibration of the wide frequency changes in the treble region, the mid-range region and the bass region. To sum up, the structural design of the soundboard of the traditional upright piano is unreasonable, which is not conducive to the soundboard to exert good sound wave vibration from the treble region to the bass region.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a soundboard with a sound beam and a sound tunnel in an upright piano.
  • the technical scheme adopted in the present invention is:
  • a soundboard with a sound beam and a sound tunnel in an upright piano the soundboard is rectangular, and its inner wall is arranged toward the strings of the piano;
  • the outer wall of the soundboard is provided with a first groove and a second groove, wherein the first groove is arranged transversely in the length direction of the soundboard, and the second groove is arranged longitudinally in the width direction of the soundboard;
  • the first groove and the second groove are crossed on the outer wall of the soundboard and pass through each other, the intersection is located in the center of the soundboard, and then the outer wall of the soundboard is equally divided into four resonance areas;
  • a sound beam assembly is also provided in the center of the outer wall of the soundboard, and the sound beam assembly includes a plurality of strip-shaped sound beam members, and the strip-shaped sound beam members are arranged in pairs on both sides of the first groove and the second groove. both sides of the slot;
  • the first groove forms a transverse sound tunnel on the outer wall of the soundboard
  • the second groove forms a longitudinal sound tunnel on the outer wall of the soundboard
  • the first groove and the second groove are crossed on the outer wall of the soundboard and pass through each other, which helps to pass the vibration of the strings through the cross-shaped sound tunnel (that is, the sound tunnel) formed by the groove. ) rapidly around the soundboard.
  • the intersection of the first groove and the second groove is located in the center of the soundboard, so as to improve the sound quality and timbre of the soundboard.
  • a connecting beam is provided between two adjacent sound beam members, and the connecting beam spans the top of the first groove and the second groove to form the sound beam assembly. and each connecting beam is located in the central area of the surface of the soundboard. With this design, the central area of the soundboard can be reinforced.
  • each of the resonance regions of the soundboard is provided with a plurality of radiating sound beams, each of the radiating sound beams in the same resonance region is arranged in parallel, and one end of at least one of the radiating sound beams faces the sound.
  • the geometric center of the board in the horizontal direction thereby enhancing the strength of the soundboard.
  • the soundboard is further provided with a plurality of radiating sound beams, and the radiating sound beams are located in each of the resonance regions and are radially arranged based on the center of the soundboard in the horizontal direction.
  • the soundboard is divided into the peripheral high-pitched area, the mid-range area of the middle section and the low-frequency area of the center from the pronunciation frequency band;
  • the wall thickness is greater than the wall thickness of the mid-range area, and the wall thickness of the mid-range area is greater than the wall thickness of the treble area;
  • the sound beam assembly is located in the low-frequency area.
  • the low-frequency vibration with lower frequency and larger amplitude can produce a richer and more rounded bass in the bass region of the soundboard;
  • the treble area is set away from the center, which can make the high-frequency vibration with higher frequency and smaller amplitude emit a more transparent and bright treble in the treble area of the soundboard, thereby making the upright piano in the whole frequency range.
  • the sound quality has been effectively improved.
  • the strip-shaped sound beam member is composed of a wooden base and a weighted block connected to the wooden base.
  • the central area of the soundboard can be reinforced, which has a positive effect on improving the tone and sound quality of the bass region.
  • the thickness of the inner end of the strip-shaped sound beam member is greater than the thickness of the outer end, and the thickness of the inner end of the radiating sound beam is greater than the thickness of the outer end.
  • the first groove and the second groove are arc-shaped grooves, which can minimize the sudden change in thickness of the soundboard and avoid affecting the resonance and vibration of the soundboard.
  • the lengths of the first groove and the second groove are both smaller than the horizontal width of the soundboard, and the outer ends of the first groove and the second groove are connected to the soundboard.
  • a smooth transition surface is set between the outer walls of the .
  • the present invention is a soundboard with a sound beam and a sound tunnel in an upright piano.
  • the outer wall of the soundboard is provided with a first groove and a second groove, the first groove is arranged laterally in the length direction of the soundboard, and the second groove
  • the board is arranged longitudinally in the width direction; the two grooves are crossed and pass through each other, dividing the outer wall of the soundboard into four resonance areas equally; the center of the outer wall of the soundboard is also provided with a sound beam assembly, including a plurality of strip-shaped sound beam components.
  • the beam members are arranged in pairs on both sides of the first groove and on both sides of the second groove; the first groove forms a transverse sound tunnel on the outer wall of the sound board, and the second groove forms a longitudinal sound tunnel on the outer wall of the sound board.
  • the present invention designs the soundboards in the existing upright pianos, especially the upright pianos. Improvements have been made. It is embodied in the following aspects: first, a sound beam assembly is erected on the outer wall of the sound board; second, a cross-shaped groove is opened on the outer wall of the sound board, thereby forming a cross-shaped sound tunnel on the outer wall of the sound board.
  • the present invention conducts an in-depth discussion and research on the design and sound production mechanism of the upright piano, and finds out the high-pitched area and the sound-producing mechanism of the existing upright piano.
  • the main reason for the poor sound in the low range is due to the unreasonable soundboard design. Accordingly, the inventor broke the shackles of the previous upright piano composition design, and boldly proposed an improved design scheme of the present invention.
  • This improved design scheme changes the soundboard from the previous free vibration mode to the current standard vibration mode, from vibration
  • the angle of resonance and sound production solves the problem that the high-pitched area of the upright piano is not bright, and the low-pitched area is not rich and round enough.
  • Practice has proved that the improved design scheme has outstanding substantive characteristics and significant technical progress, and has obtained obvious technical Effect.
  • the invention improves the soundboard in view of the relatively prominent sound quality problem in the low-frequency range of the existing upright piano, makes up for the short board of the sound range of the piano, and widens the creation width of the composer.
  • the present invention has the following advantages and effects compared with the existing upright piano soundboard: 1.
  • the present invention sets the sound beam assembly on the outer wall of the soundboard, because the bass relative treble amplitude is large and the frequency is low, The bass resonance is concentrated in the central area of the soundboard close to the voice coil, and the treble resonance is concentrated in the surrounding edge area of the soundboard. Because the thickness of the soundboard is thick in the central area and thin in the surrounding area, the thickness of the soundboard is strengthened, and the strength of the central area of the soundboard is strengthened. Relatively speaking, it also changes the thickness difference between the central area of the soundboard and the surrounding edge area, which is also helpful for improving the tone and sound quality of the high-pitched area. can have a beneficial effect.
  • the present invention is provided with a cross-shaped groove on the outer wall of the soundboard, and the cross-shaped groove actually forms a cross-shaped sound tunnel on the outer wall of the soundboard.
  • the tunnel is rapidly transmitted to the surrounding edges of the soundboard, which plays a key role in improving the timbre and sound quality of the high register.
  • the vibration of the strings is first transmitted to the central area where the sound tunnel crosses, and then transmitted to the four resonance areas through the sound tunnel, and resonance and vibration are generated, thereby amplifying the sound of the strings into the resonance sound of the soundboard.
  • the piano can only generate three sound waves, that is, in the resonance chamber, the corresponding area of the soundboard is a resonance area, and the resonance area generates a sound wave, plus a sine wave, plus a percussion wave. A total of three sound waves.
  • the piano of the present invention can generate six sound waves, wherein, four resonance regions generate four sound waves, plus one sine wave, and one firing wave, for a total of six sound waves.
  • the volume of sound waves is the number of sound waves.
  • each resonance area of the instrument produces one resonance area during performance.
  • the amount of sound waves, how many resonance areas there are will generate how many sound waves.
  • the amount of sound waves directly affects the timbre, penetration, and volume of the instrument. Therefore, the design of the present invention can obviously improve the timbre of the high-pitched region and the low-pitched region, and increase the penetrating power of the high-pitched region and the low-pitched region.
  • Each groove of the present invention adopts arc-shaped grooves, which can minimize the sudden change in thickness of the soundboard and avoid affecting the resonance and vibration of the soundboard.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic side view of a soundboard according to an embodiment of the present invention (without connecting beams);
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic side view of a soundboard according to an embodiment of the present invention (with connecting beams);
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a sound board body according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a sound beam assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention (with connecting beams);
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic side view of a sound beam assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention (with connecting beams);
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a radiating sound beam according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic side view of a radiating sound beam according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • connection or “arrangement” used in this document, it can mean that two or more components or devices are in direct physical contact with each other, or they are in indirect physical contact with each other, or they can also refer to the mutual operation of two or more components or devices. or action.
  • a soundboard with sound beams and sound tunnels in an upright piano the soundboard 1 is rectangular, and its inner wall is arranged toward the strings of the piano.
  • the outer wall of the sound board 1 is provided with a first groove 2 and a second groove 3.
  • the first groove 2 and the second groove 3 are crossed on the outer wall of the sound board 1 and pass through each other.
  • the center of the soundboard 1 further divides the outer wall of the soundboard 1 into four resonance areas 6 equally.
  • the first groove 2 is located on the center line of the length direction of the sound board 1, and a transverse sound tunnel is formed on the outer wall of the sound board 1;
  • the second groove 3 is located on the center line of the sound board 1 in the width direction, and is formed on the outer wall of the sound board 1. Longitudinal sound tunnel.
  • the cross-shaped groove By opening a cross-shaped groove on the outer wall of the soundboard 1, the cross-shaped groove actually forms a cross-shaped sound tunnel on the outer wall of the soundboard 1, and the area close to the center collects the vibration of the strings, and then passes the cross-shaped sound.
  • the tunnel is quickly transmitted to the surrounding edges of the soundboard 1, which plays a key role in improving the timbre and sound quality of the treble region.
  • the vibration can be transmitted to the four resonant regions 6 through the sound tunnel, and resonance is generated, which can significantly improve the timbre of the high-pitched and low-pitched regions.
  • the center of the outer wall of the soundboard 1 is also provided with a sound beam assembly 4 , and the sound beam assembly 4 includes a plurality of strip-shaped sound beam members 4 a, and the strip-shaped sound beam members 4 a are arranged in pairs on the first groove 2 . both sides and both sides of the second groove 3 .
  • the bass resonance is concentrated in the central area of the soundboard 1, and the treble resonance is concentrated in the surrounding edge area of the soundboard 1, which strengthens the soundboard. 1
  • the intensity of the central area plays an important role in improving the tone and sound quality of the bass area. Since the thickness of the soundboard 1 is a thickness gradient structure in which the central area is thick and the surrounding areas are thin (ie, the design is thin on the outside and thick on the inside), the strength of the central area of the soundboard 1 is strengthened, and the central area and the surrounding edges of the soundboard 1 are relatively changed. The difference in the thickness of the area can also play a beneficial role in improving the tone and sound quality of the high-pitched area.
  • a connecting beam 4b is provided between two adjacent sound beam members 4a, and the connecting beam 4b spans the first groove 2 and the second groove
  • the sound beam assembly is formed in a well-shaped shape; and each of the connecting beams 4 b is located in the central area of the surface of the sound board 1 .
  • a "mouth"-shaped reinforcing structure is formed by four connecting beams 4b, which further strengthens the bass region in the center of the soundboard 1, so as to further improve the sound quality of the piano bass region.
  • the soundboard 1 is divided into a peripheral high-pitched region, a mid-range mid-range and a central low-pitched region from the sound frequency band; wherein, the wall thickness of the soundboard 1 gradually increases from the outside to the inside, which constitutes the low-pitched region.
  • the wall thickness is larger than the wall thickness of the mid-range area, and the wall thickness of the mid-range area is larger than the wall thickness of the treble area; by this design, by setting the thicker bass area near the center, the frequency can be lower and the amplitude can be larger.
  • the low-frequency vibration of the soundboard 1 emits a thicker and rounder bass in the low-frequency region of the soundboard 1; by setting the thinner treble region away from the center, the high-frequency vibration with higher frequency and smaller amplitude can be made in the soundboard 1.
  • the high-pitched range of the device emits clearer, brighter highs.
  • the sound beam assembly 4 is located in the low-frequency region, which can further increase the load in the middle region of the sound board 1 .
  • the strip-shaped sound beam member 4 a is composed of a wooden base 7 and a weighted block 8 connected to the wooden base 7 .
  • the central area of the soundboard 1 can be further strengthened, which has a positive effect on improving the sound and sound quality of the low-frequency region.
  • each of the resonance regions 6 of the soundboard 1 is respectively provided with a plurality of radiating sound beams 5 of the same number, the radiating sound beams 5 in the same resonance region are arranged in parallel, and at least one of the radiating sound beams One end of 5 faces the geometric center of soundboard 1 .
  • the radiating sound beams 5 can also be radially arranged based on the center of the horizontal direction of the sound board 1 .
  • the thickness of the inner end of the strip-shaped sound beam member 4a is greater than the thickness of the outer end, and the thickness of the inner end of the radiating sound beam 5 is greater than the thickness of the outer end.
  • the central area of the soundboard 1 can be reinforced.
  • the first grooves 2 and the second grooves 3 are arc-shaped grooves, which can minimize the sudden change in thickness of the soundboard 1 and avoid affecting the resonance and vibration of the soundboard 1 .
  • the lengths of the first groove 2 and the second groove 3 are both smaller than the horizontal width of the soundboard 1 ; Smooth transition surface, so that the vibration is transmitted to the circumference of the soundboard 1 more evenly.
  • the number of the sound beam components 4 is not limited to one group, and can also be multiple groups of parallel or other designs that help to strengthen the load in the middle of the sound board 1, which is easily understood by those skilled in the art. and accepted.
  • the strip-shaped sound beam member 4a may have a radian and include a long side and a short side as shown in the figure, and the long sides of the adjacent two-shaped sound beam members 4a are arranged in pairs on the first
  • the two sides of a groove 2 are arranged in pairs on both sides of the second groove 3 through the short sides of two adjacent sound beam members 4a;
  • the strip-shaped sound beam members 4 a may also be straight strips, which are combined at a 90-degree angle, and are arranged in pairs on both sides of the first groove 2 and both sides of the second groove 3 .
  • first groove 2 and the second groove 3 are arc grooves.
  • the present invention is not limited to this, and the grooves can be designed into other shapes, such as concave structures such as V-shape, U-shape, and W-shape. This is easily understood and accepted by those skilled in the art.
  • the present invention designs the soundboards in the existing upright pianos, especially the upright pianos. Improvements have been made. It is embodied in the following aspects: first, a sound beam assembly is erected on the outer wall of the sound board; second, a cross-shaped groove is opened on the outer wall of the sound board, thereby forming a cross-shaped sound tunnel on the outer wall of the sound board.
  • the present invention conducts an in-depth discussion and research on the design and sound production mechanism of the upright piano, and finds out the high-pitched area and the sound-producing mechanism of the existing upright piano.
  • the main reason for the poor sound in the low range is due to the unreasonable soundboard design. Accordingly, the inventor broke the shackles of the previous upright piano composition design, and boldly proposed an improved design scheme of the present invention.
  • This improved design scheme changes the soundboard from the previous free vibration mode to the current standard vibration mode, from vibration
  • the angle of resonance and sound production solves the problem that the high-pitched area of the upright piano is not bright, and the low-pitched area is not rich and round enough.
  • Practice has proved that the improved design scheme has outstanding substantive characteristics and significant technical progress, and has obtained obvious technical Effect.
  • the invention improves the soundboard in view of the relatively prominent sound quality problem in the low-frequency range of the existing upright piano, makes up for the short board of the sound range of the piano, and widens the creation width of the composer.

Abstract

一种立式钢琴中带音梁及音隧的音板（1），音板（1）外壁上开设有第一沟槽（2）和第二沟槽（3），第一沟槽（2）在音板（1）长度方向横向设置，第二沟槽（3）在音板（1）宽度方向纵向设置；两沟槽呈十字交叉并且相互贯通，将音板（1）外壁等分成四块共鸣区域（6）；音板（1）外壁中央还设有音梁组件（4），包括多根条状音梁构件（4a），条状音梁构件（4a）成对设置于第一沟槽（2）的两侧以及第二沟槽（3）的两侧；第一沟槽（2）在音板（1）外壁上形成横向音隧，第二沟槽（3）在音板（1）外壁上形成纵向音隧。通过将音板（1）由以往的自由振动模式改变为现在的规范振动模式，从振动、共鸣、发声的角度解决了立式钢琴高音区亮不出来，而低音区浑厚圆润不够的问题。

Description

一种立式钢琴中带音梁及音隧的音板 技术领域
本发明涉及立式钢琴，具体涉及一种立式钢琴中带音梁及音隧的音板。
背景技术
钢琴是西洋古典音乐中的一种键盘乐器，有“乐器之王”的美称。由88个琴键(52个白键，36个黑键)和金属弦音板组成。
钢琴一共六个主体结构，包括琴弦、铁排骨架、音板、击弦机系统、木质外壳、踏板。其中音板(见图1)是由共振板(又称音板大板)、助木(又称排档)、音板框和弦码组成。共振板像一个薄板片，下面粘贴着一定距离排列开的助木，周边粘贴着音板框，上面固定中、高音弦码和低音弦码。琴弦振动时，通过紧附在音板上弦码的传递，振动音板，音板开始工作。音板是对钢琴的音响优劣起着重要作用的部件之一。琴弦经弦槌敲击后振动发音，通过弦码的传递，音板承受来自琴弦的振动而增强音幅射，加强其原有音响，把它从振动的琴弦获得的能量尽量多地播运空气中。
钢琴的音域通常为七个八度，其中，高音区约占半个八度，中音区约占四个八度，低音区约占两个半八度。
传统的立式钢琴普遍存在的问题是：立式钢琴发音时，其音板有一个固有的谐振频率，超出谐振频率区域的一定范围后，高音区亮不出来，低音区浑厚圆润不够。尤其是低音区的音质一直以来都是钢琴的短板，甚至限制了作曲人的创作宽度。究其原因主要是目前的立式钢琴的音板无法满足从高音区到低音区之间良好的宽频振动，即不能同时适应高音区、中音区和低音区较宽频率变化共鸣和振动。总结，传统的立式钢琴其音板的结构设计不合理，不利于音板发挥从高音区到低音区之间良好声波振动。
因此，如何解决上述现有技术存在的不足，便成为本发明所要研究解决的课题。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种立式钢琴中带音梁及音隧的音板。
为达到上述目的，本发明采用的技术方案是：
一种立式钢琴中带音梁及音隧的音板，所述音板呈矩形，其内壁朝向钢琴的琴弦设置；
所述音板的外壁上开设有第一沟槽和第二沟槽，其中第一沟槽在音板的长度方向横向设置，第二沟槽在音板的宽度方向纵向设置；
所述第一沟槽与所述第二沟槽在音板的外壁上呈十字交叉并且相互贯通，交叉点位于音板的中心，进而将音板的外壁等分成四块共鸣区域；
所述音板的外壁中央还设有音梁组件，所述音梁组件包括多根条状音梁构件，所述条状音梁构件成对设置于第一沟槽的两侧以及第二沟槽的两侧；
所述第一沟槽在音板的外壁上形成横向音隧，所述第二沟槽在音板的外壁上形成纵向音隧。
上述技术方案中的有关内容解释如下：
1.上述方案中，第一沟槽与第二沟槽在音板的外壁上呈十字交叉并且相互贯通，有助于将琴弦的振动通过沟槽形成的十字形音隧(即声音的隧道)迅速向音板的四周传递。
2.上述方案中，第一沟槽与第二沟槽的交叉点位于音板的中心，以提升音板的音质、音色。
3.上述方案中，相邻两条状音梁构件之间设有连接梁，所述连接梁横跨于所述第一沟槽、所述第二沟槽的上方，构成所述音梁组件呈井字形；且各所述连接梁均位于所述音板表面的中心区域。借此设计，可实现对音板的中央区域进行加强。
4.上述方案中，所述音板的各所述共鸣区域中分别设有多条辐射音梁，同一共鸣区域中的各辐射音梁平行设置，且至少一所述辐射音梁的一端朝向音板水平方向的几何中心，从而加强音板的强度。
5.上述方案中，所述音板上还设有多条辐射音梁，所述辐射音梁位于各所述共鸣区域中，并以音板水平方向的中心为基准呈放射状排布。
6.上述方案中，所述音板从发音频段区分为外围的高音区、中段的中音区以及中心的低音区；其中，所述音板壁厚由外至内逐渐增厚，构成低音区的壁厚大于中音区的壁厚，中音区的壁厚大于高音区的壁厚；所述音梁组件位于所述低音区。
借此设计，通过将较厚的低音区设置于接近中心的位置，可使得频率较低、振幅较大的低频振动在音板的低音区发出更为浑厚、圆润的低音；通过将较薄的高音区设置于远离中心的位置，可使得频率较高、振幅较小的高频振动在音板的高音区发出更为通透、明亮的高音，进而令立式钢琴在全频段产生的音色、音质均得到有效提升。
7.上述方案中，所述条状音梁构件由木制基座以及连设于该木制基座上的增重块构成。借此设计，可对音板中央区域进行加强，对改善低音区音色和音质起到积极作用。
8.上述方案中，所述条状音梁构件的内端厚度大于外端厚度，所述辐射音梁的内端厚度大于外端厚度，借此设计，可实现对音板的中央区域进行加强。
9.上述方案中，所述第一沟槽和所述第二沟槽均为弧形槽，可以使得音板在厚度上尽量减少厚薄突变，避免影响音板的共鸣和振动。
10.上述方案中，所述第一沟槽及所述第二沟槽的长度均小于所述音板的水平宽度，所述第一沟槽和所述第二沟槽的外端与音板的外壁之间均设置有圆滑过渡面。
本发明的工作原理及优点如下：
本发明一种立式钢琴中带音梁及音隧的音板，音板外壁上开设有第一沟槽和第二沟槽，第一沟槽在音板长度方向横向设置，第二沟槽在音板宽度方向纵向设置；两沟槽呈十字交叉 并且相互贯通，将音板外壁等分成四块共鸣区域；音板外壁中央还设有音梁组件，包括多根条状音梁构件，条状音梁构件成对设置于第一沟槽的两侧以及第二沟槽的两侧；第一沟槽在音板外壁上形成横向音隧，第二沟槽在音板外壁上形成纵向音隧。
相比现有技术而言，为了解决现有立式钢琴无法兼顾高、中、低音区同时具备良好共鸣音色的问题，本发明对现有立式钢琴，特别是立式钢琴内的音板设计进行了改进。具体体现在以下几个方面：第一，在音板外壁上架设音梁组件；第二，在音板外壁上开设十字形沟槽，从而在音板外壁上形成十字形音隧。
本发明针对现有立式钢琴高音区亮不出来，而低音区浑厚圆润不够的问题，对立式钢琴的设计及发声机理进行了深入探讨和研究，找出了现有立式钢琴高音区和低音区的音色不佳的主要原因是由于音板设计不合理所致。据此，发明人打破了以往立式钢琴组成设计的束缚，大胆提出了本发明的改进设计方案，这种改进设计方案将音板由以往的自由振动模式改变为现在的规范振动模式，从振动、共鸣、发声的角度解决了立式钢琴高音区亮不出来，而低音区浑厚圆润不够的问题，实践证明该改进设计方案具有突出的实质性特点和显著的技术进步，并且获得了明显的技术效果。
本发明尤其针对现有立式钢琴较为突出的低音区音质问题对音板进行了改进，弥补了钢琴的音域短板，拓宽了作曲人的创作宽度。
由于上述技术方案的运用，本发明与现有立式钢琴音板相比具有以下优点和效果：1.本发明在音板的外壁上设置音梁组件，由于低音相对高音振幅大、频率低，低音共鸣集中在音板靠近音圈的中央区域，高音共鸣集中在音板的四周边缘区域，加强音板中央区域强度，对改善低音区音色和音质起到了重要作用。由于音板的厚度为中央区域厚而四周薄的厚度渐变构造，加强了音板中央区域强度，相对而言也改变了音板中央区域与四周边缘区域厚薄差，对改善高音区音色和音质也可起到有益作用。
2.本发明在音板外壁上开设有十字形沟槽，该十字形沟槽在音板的外壁上实际形成十字形音隧，振动由音板中心收集，并通过十字形音隧(即声音的隧道)迅速向音板的四周边缘传递，这对改善高音区的音色和音质起到了关键作用。
3.本发明通过音梁组件及十字形沟槽的设计，在音板上等分出四块共鸣区域。当钢琴演奏时琴弦振动先传递到音隧交叉的中心区域，然后通过音隧传递至这四个共鸣区域，并产生共鸣和振动，以此将弦声放大为音板的共鸣声。改进前钢琴演奏时只能产生三个声波量，即在共鸣腔内，音板对应区域为一个共鸣区域，共鸣区域产生一个声波量，加上一个弦波量，再加上一个击发波量，共计三个声波量。而改进后本发明钢琴演奏时可以产生六个声波量，其中，四个共鸣区域产生四个声波量，加上一个弦波量，再加上一个击发波量，共计六个声波量。声波量即声波的数量，对于具体击弦乐器来说，除了一个弦波量和一个 击发波量而外，主要取决于音板的共鸣区域数量，通常情况下乐器在演奏时每个共鸣区域产生一个声波量，有多少个共鸣区域就会产生多少个声波量。另外，声波量直接影响乐器的音色、穿透力和音量。因此本发明设计能够明显改善高音区和低音区的音色，增加高音区和低音区的穿透力。
4.本发明各沟槽均采用弧形槽，可以使得音板在厚度上尽量减少厚薄突变，避免影响音板的共鸣和振动。
附图说明
附图1为传统立式钢琴音板的结构示意图；
附图2为本发明实施例音板的结构示意图(无连接梁)；
附图3为本发明实施例音板的结构示意图(有连接梁)；
附图4为本发明实施例音板的侧视示意图(无连接梁)；
附图5为本发明实施例音板的侧视示意图(有连接梁)；
附图6为本发明实施例音板板体的剖面示意图；
附图7为本发明实施例音梁组件的结构示意图(有连接梁)；
附图8为本发明实施例音梁组件的侧视示意图(有连接梁)；
附图9为本发明实施例辐射音梁的结构示意图；
附图10为本发明实施例辐射音梁的侧视示意图。
以上附图中：1.音板；2.第一沟槽；3.第二沟槽；4.音梁组件；4a.条状音梁构件；4b.连接梁；5.辐射音梁；6.共鸣区域；7.木制基座；8.增重块。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图及实施例对本发明作进一步描述：
实施例：以下将以图式及详细叙述对本发明进行清楚说明，任何本领域技术人员在了解本发明的实施例后，当可由本发明所教示的技术，加以改变及修饰，其并不脱离本发明的精神与范围。
关于本文中所使用的“连接”或“设置”，均可指二或多个组件或装置相互直接作实体接触，或是相互间接作实体接触，亦可指二或多个组件或装置相互操作或动作。
关于本文中所使用的“包含”、“包括”、“具有”等，均为开放性的用语，即意指包含但不限于。
关于本文中所使用的用词(terms)，除有特别注明外，通常具有每个用词使用在此领域中、在本案内容中与特殊内容中的平常意义。某些用以描述本案的用词将于下或在此说明书的别处讨论，以提供本领域技术人员在有关本案描述上额外的引导。
参见附图2～10所示，一种立式钢琴中带音梁及音隧的音板，所述音板1呈矩形，其 内壁朝向钢琴的琴弦设置。
所述音板1的外壁上开设有第一沟槽2和第二沟槽3，第一沟槽2与第二沟槽3在音板1的外壁上呈十字交叉并且相互贯通，交叉点位于音板1的中心，进而将音板1的外壁等分成四块共鸣区域6。
第一沟槽2位于音板1长度方向的中心线，在音板1的外壁上形成横向音隧；第二沟槽3位于音板1宽度方向的中心线，在音板1的外壁上形成纵向音隧。
通过在音板1的外壁上开设十字形沟槽，该十字形沟槽在音板1外壁上实际形成十字形音隧，且接近中心的区域对琴弦的振动进行汇集，再通过十字形音隧迅速向音板1的四周边缘传递，这对改善高音区的音色和音质起到了关键作用。同时通过在音板1上等分出四块共鸣区域6，振动可通过音隧传递至这四个共鸣区域6，并产生谐振，可明显改善高音区和低音区的音色。
所述音板1的外壁中央还设有音梁组件4，所述音梁组件4包括多根条状音梁构件4a，所述条状音梁构件4a成对设置于第一沟槽2的两侧以及第二沟槽3的两侧。
通过在音板1的外壁上设置音梁组件4，由于低音相对高音振幅大、频率低，低音共鸣集中在音板1的中央区域，高音共鸣集中在音板1的四周边缘区域，加强音板1中央区域强度，对改善低音区音色和音质起到了重要作用。由于音板1的厚度为中央区域厚而四周薄的厚度渐变构造(即外薄内厚的设计)，加强了音板1中央区域强度，相对而言也改变了音板1中央区域与四周边缘区域厚薄差，对改善高音区音色和音质也可起到有益作用。
优选的，如图3、5所示，相邻两条状音梁构件4a之间设有连接梁4b，所述连接梁4b横跨于所述第一沟槽2、所述第二沟槽3的上方，构成所述音梁组件呈井字形；且各所述连接梁4b均位于所述音板1表面的中心区域。通过四根连接梁4b构成一“口”字形加强结构，对音板1中心的低音区进一步加强，以达到对钢琴低音区音质的进一步提升。
优选的，所述音板1从发音频段区分为外围的高音区、中段的中音区以及中心的低音区；其中，所述音板1壁厚由外至内逐渐增厚，构成低音区的壁厚大于中音区的壁厚，中音区的壁厚大于高音区的壁厚；借此设计，通过将较厚的低音区设置于接近中心的位置，可使得频率较低、振幅较大的低频振动在音板1的低音区发出更为浑厚、圆润的低音；通过将较薄的高音区设置于远离中心的位置，可使得频率较高、振幅较小的高频振动在音板1的高音区发出更为通透、明亮的高音。所述音梁组件4位于所述低音区，可进一步提升音板1的中部区域载荷。
优选的，如图7、8所示，所述条状音梁构件4a由木制基座7以及连设于该木制基座7上的增重块8构成。借此设计，可对音板1中央区域进行进一步加强，对改善低音区音色和音质起到积极作用。
优选的，所述音板1的各所述共鸣区域6中分别设有等数量的多条辐射音梁5，同一共鸣区域中的各辐射音梁5平行设置，且至少一所述辐射音梁5的一端朝向音板1的几何中心。除此而外，所述辐射音梁5还可以音板1水平方向的中心为基准呈放射状排布。
优选的，所述条状音梁构件4a的内端厚度大于外端厚度，所述辐射音梁5的内端厚度大于外端厚度。借此设计，可实现对音板1的中央区域进行加强。
优选的，所述第一沟槽2及第二沟槽3均为弧形槽，可以使得音板1在厚度上尽量减少厚薄突变，避免影响音板1的共鸣和振动。所述第一沟槽2及所述第二沟槽3的长度均小于所述音板1的水平宽度；两所述沟槽2、3的外端与音板1的外壁之间均设置有圆滑过渡面，以便振动更为均匀地传递至音板1的周部。
下面针对本发明的其他实施情况以及结构变化作如下说明：
1.以上实施例中，图示的音板仅作为举例说明之用，其结构并非用以限定本发明的保护范围，其它类似结构的音板若采用了本发明的技术特征都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。
2.以上实施例中，所述音梁组件4的数量并不局限于一组，也可以是多组并列或其他有助于加强音板1中部载荷的设计，这是本领域技术人员容易理解和接受的。
3.以上实施例中，所述条状音梁构件4a可以如图中所示具有一弧度并包括长边和短边，通过相邻两条状音梁构件4a的长边成对设置于第一沟槽2的两侧，并通过相邻两条状音梁构件4a的短边成对设置于第二沟槽3的两侧；
或者，所述条状音梁构件4a也可以是直条状，两两呈90度组合，并成对设置于第一沟槽2的两侧以及第二沟槽3的两侧。
4.以上实施例中，所述第一沟槽2、所述第二沟槽3为弧形槽。但本发明不局限于此，可以将沟槽设计成其它形状，比如V形、U形、W形等凹形结构。这是本领域技术人员容易理解和接受的。
相比现有技术而言，为了解决现有立式钢琴无法兼顾高、中、低音区同时具备良好共鸣音色的问题，本发明对现有立式钢琴，特别是立式钢琴内的音板设计进行了改进。具体体现在以下几个方面：第一，在音板外壁上架设音梁组件；第二，在音板外壁上开设十字形沟槽，从而在音板外壁上形成十字形音隧。
本发明针对现有立式钢琴高音区亮不出来，而低音区浑厚圆润不够的问题，对立式钢琴的设计及发声机理进行了深入探讨和研究，找出了现有立式钢琴高音区和低音区的音色不佳的主要原因是由于音板设计不合理所致。据此，发明人打破了以往立式钢琴组成设计的束缚，大胆提出了本发明的改进设计方案，这种改进设计方案将音板由以往的自由振动模式改变为现在的规范振动模式，从振动、共鸣、发声的角度解决了立式钢琴高音区亮不出来，而低音区浑厚圆润不够的问题，实践证明该改进设计方案具有突出的实质性特点 和显著的技术进步，并且获得了明显的技术效果。
本发明尤其针对现有立式钢琴较为突出的低音区音质问题对音板进行了改进，弥补了钢琴的音域短板，拓宽了作曲人的创作宽度。
上述实施例只为说明本发明的技术构思及特点，其目的在于让熟悉此项技术的人士能够了解本发明的内容并据以实施，并不能以此限制本发明的保护范围。凡根据本发明精神实质所作的等效变化或修饰，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种立式钢琴中带音梁及音隧的音板，其特征在于：
    所述音板(1)呈矩形，其内壁朝向钢琴的琴弦设置；
    所述音板(1)的外壁上开设有第一沟槽(2)和第二沟槽(3)，其中第一沟槽(2)在音板(1)的长度方向横向设置，第二沟槽(3)在音板(1)的宽度方向纵向设置；
    所述第一沟槽(2)与所述第二沟槽(3)在音板(1)的外壁上呈十字交叉并且相互贯通，交叉点位于音板(1)的中心，进而将音板(1)的外壁等分成四块共鸣区域(6)；
    所述音板(1)的外壁中央还设有音梁组件(4)，所述音梁组件(4)包括多根条状音梁构件(4a)，所述条状音梁构件(4a)成对设置于第一沟槽(2)的两侧以及第二沟槽(3)的两侧；
    所述第一沟槽(2)在音板(1)的外壁上形成横向音隧，所述第二沟槽(3)在音板(1)的外壁上形成纵向音隧。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的音板，其特征在于：所述音板(1)从发音频段区分为外围的高音区、中段的中音区以及中心的低音区；
    其中，所述音板(1)壁厚由外至内逐渐增厚，构成低音区的壁厚大于中音区的壁厚，中音区的壁厚大于高音区的壁厚；
    所述音梁组件(4)位于所述低音区。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的音板，其特征在于：所述条状音梁构件(4a)由木制基座(7)以及连设于该木制基座(7)上的增重块(8)构成。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的音板，其特征在于：相邻两所述条状音梁构件(4a)之间设有连接梁(4b)，所述连接梁(4b)横跨于所述第一沟槽(2)、所述第二沟槽(3)的上方，构成所述音梁组件(4)呈井字形；且各所述连接梁(4b)均位于所述音板(1)表面的中心区域。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的音板，其特征在于：所述音板(1)的各所述共鸣区域(6)中分别设有多条辐射音梁(5)，同一共鸣区域中的各辐射音梁(5)平行设置，且至少一所述辐射音梁(5)的一端朝向音板(1)水平方向的几何中心。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的音板，其特征在于：所述音板(1)上还设有多条辐射音梁(5)，所述辐射音梁(5)位于各所述共鸣区域(6)中，并以音板(1)水平方向的中心为基准呈放射状排布。
  7. 根据权利要求5或6所述的音板，其特征在于：所述辐射音梁(5)的内端厚度大于外端厚度。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的音板，其特征在于：所述条状音梁构件(4a)的内端厚度大于外端厚度。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的音板，其特征在于：所述第一沟槽(2)及第二沟槽(3)均为弧形槽。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的音板，其特征在于：所述第一沟槽(2)及所述第二沟槽(3)的长度均小于所述音板(1)的水平宽度；所述第一沟槽(2)及所述第二沟槽(3)的外端与音板(1)的外壁之间均设置有圆滑过渡面。
PCT/CN2020/136858 2020-08-19 2020-12-16 一种立式钢琴中带音梁及音隧的音板 WO2022036963A1 (zh)

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