WO2022036428A1 - Reator atmosférico a plasma para produção de nanotubos de carbono em larga escala e carbono amorfo - Google Patents
Reator atmosférico a plasma para produção de nanotubos de carbono em larga escala e carbono amorfo Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022036428A1 WO2022036428A1 PCT/BR2021/050347 BR2021050347W WO2022036428A1 WO 2022036428 A1 WO2022036428 A1 WO 2022036428A1 BR 2021050347 W BR2021050347 W BR 2021050347W WO 2022036428 A1 WO2022036428 A1 WO 2022036428A1
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- Prior art keywords
- reactor
- plasma
- carbon
- gas
- hydrocarbon
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- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 229910003481 amorphous carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 238000011031 large-scale manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title abstract 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- ZCUFMDLYAMJYST-UHFFFAOYSA-N thorium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Th]=O ZCUFMDLYAMJYST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 abstract description 27
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 26
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 22
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 abstract description 18
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 13
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 abstract description 12
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 abstract 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 9
- 235000019241 carbon black Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- 238000005979 thermal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000002407 reforming Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005262 decarbonization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002803 fossil fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002071 nanotube Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- XMWRBQBLMFGWIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N C60 fullerene Chemical class C12=C3C(C4=C56)=C7C8=C5C5=C9C%10=C6C6=C4C1=C1C4=C6C6=C%10C%10=C9C9=C%11C5=C8C5=C8C7=C3C3=C7C2=C1C1=C2C4=C6C4=C%10C6=C9C9=C%11C5=C5C8=C3C3=C7C1=C1C2=C4C6=C2C9=C5C3=C12 XMWRBQBLMFGWIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000975 Carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002453 autothermal reforming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003738 black carbon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 1
- 239000002717 carbon nanostructure Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010962 carbon steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910003472 fullerene Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000005431 greenhouse gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002086 nanomaterial Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001878 scanning electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- -1 special ones Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000629 steam reforming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012800 visualization Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
- C01B3/22—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by decomposition of gaseous or liquid organic compounds
- C01B3/24—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by decomposition of gaseous or liquid organic compounds of hydrocarbons
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
- H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
- H05H1/24—Generating plasma
- H05H1/26—Plasma torches
- H05H1/32—Plasma torches using an arc
- H05H1/34—Details, e.g. electrodes, nozzles
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/15—Nano-sized carbon materials
- C01B32/158—Carbon nanotubes
- C01B32/16—Preparation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J19/08—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor
- B01J19/087—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor employing electric or magnetic energy
- B01J19/088—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor employing electric or magnetic energy giving rise to electric discharges
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/08—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor
- B01J2219/0803—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor employing electric or magnetic energy
- B01J2219/0805—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor employing electric or magnetic energy giving rise to electric discharges
- B01J2219/0807—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor employing electric or magnetic energy giving rise to electric discharges involving electrodes
- B01J2219/0809—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor employing electric or magnetic energy giving rise to electric discharges involving electrodes employing two or more electrodes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/08—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor
- B01J2219/0803—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor employing electric or magnetic energy
- B01J2219/0805—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor employing electric or magnetic energy giving rise to electric discharges
- B01J2219/0807—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor employing electric or magnetic energy giving rise to electric discharges involving electrodes
- B01J2219/0824—Details relating to the shape of the electrodes
- B01J2219/0826—Details relating to the shape of the electrodes essentially linear
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/08—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor
- B01J2219/0803—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor employing electric or magnetic energy
- B01J2219/0805—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor employing electric or magnetic energy giving rise to electric discharges
- B01J2219/0807—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor employing electric or magnetic energy giving rise to electric discharges involving electrodes
- B01J2219/0824—Details relating to the shape of the electrodes
- B01J2219/0826—Details relating to the shape of the electrodes essentially linear
- B01J2219/083—Details relating to the shape of the electrodes essentially linear cylindrical
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/08—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor
- B01J2219/0803—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor employing electric or magnetic energy
- B01J2219/0805—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor employing electric or magnetic energy giving rise to electric discharges
- B01J2219/0807—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor employing electric or magnetic energy giving rise to electric discharges involving electrodes
- B01J2219/0837—Details relating to the material of the electrodes
- B01J2219/0841—Metal
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/08—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor
- B01J2219/0871—Heating or cooling of the reactor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/08—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor
- B01J2219/0873—Materials to be treated
- B01J2219/0875—Gas
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/08—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor
- B01J2219/0873—Materials to be treated
- B01J2219/0892—Materials to be treated involving catalytically active material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/08—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor
- B01J2219/0894—Processes carried out in the presence of a plasma
- B01J2219/0898—Hot plasma
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/10—Particle morphology extending in one dimension, e.g. needle-like
- C01P2004/13—Nanotubes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/60—Particles characterised by their size
- C01P2004/64—Nanometer sized, i.e. from 1-100 nanometer
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
- H05H2245/00—Applications of plasma devices
- H05H2245/50—Production of nanostructures
Definitions
- the present invention deals with a plasma reactor with application in the area of thermal decomposition of (light) hydrocarbon molecules, aiming at the production of carbon nanotubes on a large scale, as well as amorphous carbon of superior quality in terms of purity.
- the material produced by the partial combustion of the load does not have a level of purity as high as the invention, which performs the pyrolysis of the hydrocarbon by means of thermal plasma or the heat coming from it.
- the plasma pyrolysis of hydrocarbons in addition to generating two products (hydrogen and carbon), is an alternative for decarbonizing fossil fuels.
- the objective is to evaluate its potential in reducing the emission of greenhouse gases.
- Plasma decarbonization can assist in the development of cleaner processes in the carbon production industry, in hydrogen generation or even in electrical generation.
- the carbon black, or carbon black, as it is known commercially, has high added value and great worldwide demand; in addition, plasma pyrolysis of light hydrocarbons such as methane provides superior quality carbonaceous materials not available in today's carbon black market.
- An innovative alternative is the breakage of molecules via plasma, capable of causing the decomposition of methane gas without burning the gas.
- Document PI0305309-1 discloses a plasma pyrolysis process aiming at the production of gaseous hydrogen and solid carbonaceous material from the decomposition of hydrocarbons and alcohols, exemplified herein for the decomposition of methane gas and its use.
- the process consists of supplying thermal energy to the hydrocarbon stream in sufficient quantity for its decomposition reaction.
- a stream of hydrogen gas is used which is ionized (the plasma gas) and serves as a vehicle for the decomposition of the hydrocarbon.
- This flow is initially from an external source of hydrogen and later composed of hydrogen generated by the hydrocarbon pyrolysis process itself.
- a source of direct current electrical energy it supplies the energy necessary for the electrical discharges inside the reactor, in a region called plasma-arc.
- the document discloses a process and method that use plasma for the decomposition of hydrocarbon (methane gas), producing carbon material, however, the invention uses argon gas as plasma gas and with electrical currents in the order of 5 at 20% of that used in the document (PI0305309-1) it is possible to obtain the same test conditions inside the chamber in the present invention. This is due to the different way of injecting the process gases, and also to the new design of the electrodes.
- the useful life of the electrodes of the present invention is longer, as a function of the electrical contact of the arc (arc root) on the cathode occurring entirely on the surface of the tungsten piece with 2% thoria.
- US5997837 discloses a method for the decomposition of hydrocarbons for the production of hydrogen and carbon black, in which the feed material is passed through a plasma torch, which causes a pyrolytic decomposition of the feed material.
- the feed material is transported through the plasma torch in a cooled inlet tube and is first heated in an area in the immediate vicinity of the plasma flame.
- the material thus produced is passed on to one or more subsequent stages, where the final and complete decomposition of the hydrocarbons to carbon black and hydrogen takes place. In this area, additional raw material can be added to quench and react with the black carbon already produced.
- the electrodes of the present invention are made of different materials, being more resistant and presenting geometric differences. Furthermore, the present invention makes use of different plasma gas, aimed at the production of carbon nanomaterials.
- the present invention deals with a plasma reactor aimed at the production of carbon nanotubes on a large scale and amorphous carbon, different from what is disclosed by the documents of the state of the art.
- the present invention deals with a plasma reactor for the thermal decomposition of light hydrocarbon molecules aiming at the production of carbon nanotubes on a large scale, as well as amorphous carbon of superior quality in terms of purity. As it is obtained at pressures close to atmospheric, said reactor has a superior capacity for the production of nanotubes than methods that operate at low pressure.
- the pyrolysis of the hydrocarbon by means of thermal plasma or the heat from it presents a carbonaceous material with a higher purity content than those obtained by the methods most used in the production of solid carbon (Carbon Black), which are based on in the burning of part of the hydrocarbon in the cargo.
- Carbon Black solid carbon
- the useful life of the electrodes because they are metallic and due to the electrical contact of the arc on the cathode occurring entirely in the tungsten piece with 2% thory, is at least three times longer than conventional carbon ones.
- Yet another objective of the present invention is to provide an alternative for the decarbonization of fossil fuels.
- Additional objectives of the present invention relate to reducing torch assembly and disassembly difficulties, eliminating leaks in the cooling system, eliminating the problem of low thermal dissipation due to the large size of the anode that made it difficult to cool, among others that will be apparent to those versed in the subject.
- the plasma reactor (T+C) for the thermal decomposition of hydrocarbon molecules aiming at the production of large-scale carbon nanotubes (E) and amorphous carbon of superior quality in terms of purity, has a reaction chamber (C) made of stainless steel, as shown in Figure 1.
- the chamber (C) is composed of two sections, called the upper section (A) and the lower section (B).
- the fixing structure of the plasma pyrolysis equipment ( Figure 2) was built in carbon steel. Its base was designed to ensure the stability of the structure, preventing it from tipping over with the weight of the electrode set ( Figure 3) and the reaction chamber (C). The base also has enough space to accommodate the electrical source and the thermostatic bath for cooling the electrodes. [0024]
- the upper section (A) of the reaction chamber (C) has a window to allow the visualization of the electric arc and visual monitoring of the process throughout the reaction tests.
- the lower section of the chamber (B) is composed of only one temperature sensor input (i) and two larger diameter inputs (ii,iii) that can be used for “QUENCHING” if necessary or input for sensor pressure sensor or even temperature sensor.
- the upper flange (F) was designed to ensure the coupling of the electrode system for plasma torch generation (T).
- This section of the chamber (A) also contains two inputs for temperature sensors (1,11), equidistant from each other, and a third input of larger diameter that can be used for “QUENCHING” (III) or for inserting a sensor to measure the temperature at the boundary point between the two sections or to monitor the pressure downstream of the reaction zone.
- the plasma torch (T) is equipped with an induced magnetic field, responsible for rotating the arc at a predetermined speed, which is an important factor to ensure a homogeneous temperature for the plasma gas at a low consumption of the electrode.
- the plasma torch (T) provides the energy necessary for the decomposition of the hydrocarbon charge.
- the radiation from it, as well as the convection of heat from the plasma gas provides enough energy for the hydrocarbons, existing in the load, to reach the temperature of complete pyrolysis of the methane molecules (-1000 °C).
- the process should preferably take place at temperatures above 2500 °C.
- FIG. 3 plasma torch
- Said injector (1) carries out the injection of the gas in the axial direction.
- Figure 4 represents a cathode (19) and Figure 5 the anodes (D1, D2 and D3) which, because they are metallic and due to the electrical contact of the cathode arc, occur entirely in the tungsten piece with 2% of thoria, the electrodes have a useful life at least three times longer than conventional carbon electrodes (US5997837) or another pair of metallic electrodes (PI0305309-1 ), even with temperatures inside the chamber of the same magnitude.
- the new torch (T) has a superior design in terms of coupling between parts, more refined, where some parts are coupled through threads; the tungsten insert with 2% thoria with forced fit in a copper piece forming what can be called a decathode (19), in addition to well-fitting sleeves for safe cooling of the electrodes.
- the new torch (T) also features an improved design of the electrodes, which have a longer life due to the precise tungsten thoriated nocathode insert (19) (which forces the electrical arc root to be located on the external surface of the tungsten insert with 2% thoria, which works as a cathode - 19) and new geometries for three different types of anode.
- the reaction chamber (C) was tested with the new plasma torch (T), obtaining temperatures inside the chamber (C) of the same magnitude, despite a lower energy consumption compared to PI0305309-1 , and producing carbon in solid state.
- the upper cabin (AC) will be used to support the electrode set and for the installation of pressure and temperature indicators, mass flow controllers, switches in general, start buttons, electrical supply stop and current control device provided to the system.
- the carbonaceous material to be obtained may have a high content of carbon nanostructures, such as carbon nanotubes (E), depending mainly on the temperature in the zone of the bed containing catalysts. It is possible to manufacture carbon nanotubes (E) when using catalysts inside the reaction chamber (C) and to manufacture amorphous carbon when catalysts are not used.
- Argon gas was used as plasma gas, being maintained at an electrical discharge of about 5 to 50 A and 22 to 32 V.
- the cathode (19) was cooled with water at a temperature of about 22 - 26°C.
- helium gas can be used as plasma gas.
- the heat from the plasma arc is low in the radial direction and the highest temperatures are possible in the region (A) of the chamber (C) downstream of the plasma arc, preferably in the axial axis of the chamber (C). Therefore, the thermal decomposition of methane will occur mainly due to the heat coming from the plasma torch (T) in the axial direction.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Nanotechnology (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)
- Plasma Technology (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2023512302A JP2023538103A (ja) | 2020-08-20 | 2021-08-17 | カーボンナノチューブの大量生産及びアモルファスカーボンの生産のための大気圧プラズマ反応器 |
CA3189872A CA3189872A1 (en) | 2020-08-20 | 2021-08-17 | Atmospheric plasma reactor for the large-scale production of carbon nanotubes and amorphous carbon |
CN202180070226.7A CN116349412A (zh) | 2020-08-20 | 2021-08-17 | 用于大规模碳纳米管生产和无定形碳生产的大气等离子体反应器 |
DE112021004387.0T DE112021004387T5 (de) | 2020-08-20 | 2021-08-17 | ATMOSPHÄRISCHER PLASMAREAKTOR ZUR HERSTELLUNG VON KOHLENSTOFF-NANORÖHREN IN GROßEM MAßSTAB UND AMORPHEM KOHLENSTOFF |
US18/042,021 US20240010496A1 (en) | 2020-08-20 | 2021-08-17 | Atmospheric plasma reactor for the large-scale production of carbon nanotubes and amorphous carbon |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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BRBR1020200170341 | 2020-08-20 | ||
BR102020017034-1A BR102020017034A2 (pt) | 2020-08-20 | 2020-08-20 | Reator atmosférico a plasma para produção de nanotubos de carbono em larga escala e carbono amorfo |
Publications (1)
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JP (1) | JP2023538103A (pt) |
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BR9206894A (pt) * | 1991-12-12 | 1995-11-28 | Kvaerner Eng | Método e dispositivo para decomposição de hidrocarbonos |
US6068827A (en) * | 1992-04-07 | 2000-05-30 | Kvaerner Engineering As | Decomposition of hydrocarbon to carbon black |
FR2813158A1 (fr) * | 2000-08-18 | 2002-02-22 | Air Liquide | Electrode pour torche a plasma a insert emissif de duree de vie amelioree |
US20130039838A1 (en) * | 2007-06-15 | 2013-02-14 | Nanocomp Technologies, Inc. | Systems and methods for production of nanostructures using a plasma generator |
CN108675282A (zh) * | 2018-04-19 | 2018-10-19 | 华北电力大学 | 等离子体加强火焰法制备碳纳米管工业量产装置 |
WO2020153685A1 (ko) * | 2019-01-21 | 2020-07-30 | 엘지전자 주식회사 | 열플라즈마 처리장치 |
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2020
- 2020-08-20 BR BR102020017034-1A patent/BR102020017034A2/pt unknown
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2021
- 2021-08-17 DE DE112021004387.0T patent/DE112021004387T5/de active Pending
- 2021-08-17 CN CN202180070226.7A patent/CN116349412A/zh active Pending
- 2021-08-17 JP JP2023512302A patent/JP2023538103A/ja active Pending
- 2021-08-17 WO PCT/BR2021/050347 patent/WO2022036428A1/pt active Application Filing
- 2021-08-17 US US18/042,021 patent/US20240010496A1/en active Pending
- 2021-08-17 CA CA3189872A patent/CA3189872A1/en active Pending
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BR9206894A (pt) * | 1991-12-12 | 1995-11-28 | Kvaerner Eng | Método e dispositivo para decomposição de hidrocarbonos |
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FR2813158A1 (fr) * | 2000-08-18 | 2002-02-22 | Air Liquide | Electrode pour torche a plasma a insert emissif de duree de vie amelioree |
US20130039838A1 (en) * | 2007-06-15 | 2013-02-14 | Nanocomp Technologies, Inc. | Systems and methods for production of nanostructures using a plasma generator |
CN108675282A (zh) * | 2018-04-19 | 2018-10-19 | 华北电力大学 | 等离子体加强火焰法制备碳纳米管工业量产装置 |
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LI, T., REHMET ET AL.: "Experimental comparison of methane pyrolysis in thermal plasma", PLASMA CHEMISTRY AND PLASMA PROCESSING, vol. 37, 25 February 2017 (2017-02-25), pages 1033 - 1049, XP036262484, DOI: 10.1007/s11090-017-9806-x * |
SHAVELKINA, M.B. ET AL.: "Effect of the substrate material on the structure of carbon nanomaterials upon synthesis in a plasma jet reactor", JOURNAL OF SURFACE INVESTIGATION: X-RAY, SYNCHROTRON AND NEUTRON TECHNIQUES, vol. 10, no. 4, 31 July 2016 (2016-07-31), pages 849 - 854, XP036031342, DOI: 10.1134/S1027451016030344 * |
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JP2023538103A (ja) | 2023-09-06 |
DE112021004387T5 (de) | 2023-06-01 |
BR102020017034A2 (pt) | 2022-03-03 |
US20240010496A1 (en) | 2024-01-11 |
CN116349412A (zh) | 2023-06-27 |
CA3189872A1 (en) | 2022-02-24 |
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