WO2022033116A1 - 一种通信方法和通信装置以及系统 - Google Patents

一种通信方法和通信装置以及系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022033116A1
WO2022033116A1 PCT/CN2021/096271 CN2021096271W WO2022033116A1 WO 2022033116 A1 WO2022033116 A1 WO 2022033116A1 CN 2021096271 W CN2021096271 W CN 2021096271W WO 2022033116 A1 WO2022033116 A1 WO 2022033116A1
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Prior art keywords
network element
data analysis
data
delay
function network
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PCT/CN2021/096271
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
辛阳
崇卫微
吴晓波
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华为技术有限公司
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Application filed by 华为技术有限公司 filed Critical 华为技术有限公司
Priority to EP21855172.9A priority Critical patent/EP4192076A4/en
Publication of WO2022033116A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022033116A1/zh
Priority to US18/167,669 priority patent/US20230188445A1/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W24/00—Supervisory, monitoring or testing arrangements
    • H04W24/02—Arrangements for optimising operational condition
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L43/00—Arrangements for monitoring or testing data switching networks
    • H04L43/08—Monitoring or testing based on specific metrics, e.g. QoS, energy consumption or environmental parameters
    • H04L43/0852—Delays
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W28/00—Network traffic management; Network resource management
    • H04W28/16—Central resource management; Negotiation of resources or communication parameters, e.g. negotiating bandwidth or QoS [Quality of Service]
    • H04W28/24—Negotiating SLA [Service Level Agreement]; Negotiating QoS [Quality of Service]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L41/00—Arrangements for maintenance, administration or management of data switching networks, e.g. of packet switching networks
    • H04L41/14—Network analysis or design

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of communication, and in particular, to a communication method, a communication device, and a system.
  • the current data analysis network element can generate data analysis results, and the data analysis results can be used for data analysis in the wireless communication system, so as to realize the intelligence of the wireless communication system.
  • the data analysis network element can analyze the service experience of a certain service.
  • the data analysis network element sends the data analysis result to the policy control function (PCF) network element, and the PCF network element can adjust the quality of service (QoS) parameters corresponding to the service according to the service experience, but if the data analysis network element If the data analysis result is provided to the PCF too late, the service experience of the service may have changed.
  • the PCF adjusts the QoS parameters according to the non-real-time service experience, which obviously does not meet the service requirements.
  • Embodiments of the present application provide a communication method, a communication device, and a system, which are used to enable a data analysis network element to determine a data analysis time delay, so that a network element using the data analysis result can predict in advance the time that the data analysis network element can meet. extension request.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a communication method, including: a data analysis network element sending a first request to a storage function network element, where the first request includes: delay information and/or indication information, the The delay information includes one or more of the following information: the collection delay of the first data, the inference delay of the data analysis result of the first data, the transmission delay of the data analysis result, wherein the indication The information is used to indicate that the data analysis network element supports data analysis within a specified delay; the first request is used to store the delay information and/or the indication information in the storage function network element; the The data analysis network element receives a first response from the storage function network element, where the first response is used to indicate to the data analysis network element that the delay information and/or the indication information is successfully stored.
  • the delay information may include one or more of the following information: The inference delay of the data analysis result, the transmission delay of the data analysis result, or the first request includes indication information, which indicates that the data analysis network element supports data analysis within the specified delay, so the storage function network element can
  • the received first request information stores the delay information and/or the indication information in the storage function network element, so that the data analysis network element determines the delay of the data analysis, so that the network element using the data analysis result predicts the data analysis in advance The delay requirement that the network element can meet.
  • the method further includes: the data analysis network element sends a second request to the first network function network element, where the second request is used to request the first data; the The data analysis network element receives a second response sent by the first network function network element, where the second response includes: the first data and the first transmission start time of the first data, the first transmission
  • the start time is the start time when the first network function network element transmits the first data; the data analysis network element is based on the first transmission start time of the first data and the first data transmission start time of the first data.
  • a transmission end time determines the collection delay of the first data, and the first transmission end time is the time when the data analysis network element completely receives the first data from the first network function network element.
  • the data analysis network element may receive the second response of the first network function network element, obtain the first transmission start time of the first data from the second response, and obtain the first transmission start time of the first data according to the first transmission start time of the first data.
  • the time and the first transmission end time of the first data determine the collection delay of the first data, which solves the problem that the data analysis network element cannot determine the collection delay of the first data.
  • the method further includes: the data analysis network element sends a third request to the first network function network element, where the third request is used to request the first data; the The data analysis network element receives a third response sent by the first network function network element, where the third response includes: the first data, the second transmission start time of the first data, and the first data the first preparation delay of the time occupied by the element to prepare the first data; the data analysis network element determines the first data transmission start time according to the second transmission start time of the first data and the second transmission end time of the first data the first transmission delay, and the second transmission end time is the time when the data analysis network element receives the first data from the first network function network element; the data analysis network element according to the first The first transmission delay of the data and the first preparation delay of the first data determine the collection delay of the first data.
  • the data analysis network element may receive the third response of the first network function network element, and obtain the second transmission start time of the first data and the first preparation delay of the first data from the third response, Determine the first transmission delay of the first data according to the second transmission start time of the first data and the second transmission end time of the first data, and determine the first transmission delay of the first data according to the first transmission delay of the first data and the first preparation of the first data
  • the delay determines the collection delay of the first data, which solves the problem that the data analysis network element cannot determine the collection delay of the first data.
  • the first network function network element is a database device.
  • the first preparation delay of the first data includes the query delay of the first data
  • the first preparation delay includes the query delay of the first data
  • the query delay of a data is the time taken for the first network function network element to query and obtain the first data according to the second request.
  • the method further includes: sending, by the first network function network element, to a second network function network element a fourth request, where the fourth request is used to request the first data; the first network function network element receives a fourth response sent by the second network function network element, where the fourth response includes: the The first data and the third transmission start time of the first data, the third transmission start time is the start time of the second network function network element transmitting the first data; wherein, the third transmission start time A preparation delay is obtained by the first network function network element according to the third transmission start time of the first data and the third transmission end time of the first data, and the third transmission end time is the The time when the first network function network element has received the first data from the second network function network element.
  • the first network function network element may request the first data from the second network function network element, and after the first network function network element obtains the first data, the first network function network element sends the data analysis network element
  • the data analysis network element may receive the third response of the first network function network element, and obtain the second transmission start time of the first data and the first preparation delay of the first data from the third response, according to The second transmission start time of the first data and the second transmission end time of the first data determine the first transmission delay of the first data, according to the first transmission delay of the first data and the first preparation time of the first data
  • the delay in determining the collection delay of the first data solves the problem that the data analysis network element cannot determine the collection delay of the first data. This enables the network element using the data analysis result to predict in advance the delay requirement that the data analysis network element can meet.
  • the method further includes: sending, by the first network function network element, to a second network function network element a fifth request, where the fifth request is used to request the first data; the first network function network element receives a fifth response sent by the second network function network element, where the fifth response includes: the The first data, the fourth transmission start time, and the second preparation delay of the first data, and the fourth transmission start time is the start time of the second network function network element transmitting the first data.
  • the second preparation delay is the time taken by the second network function network element to determine the first data; wherein, the first preparation delay is determined by the first network function network element according to the The fourth transmission start time of the first data, the fourth transmission end time of the first data, and the second preparation delay of the first data are obtained, and the fourth transmission end time is the first The time when the network function network element has received the first data from the second network function network element.
  • the first network function network element may request the first data from the second network function network element, and when the second network function network element prepares the preparation of the first data If the delay is the second preparation delay, the first preparation delay obtained by the first network function network element includes the second preparation delay, and finally the data analysis network element is based on the first transmission delay of the first data and the first data.
  • the first preparation delay of determines the collection delay of the first data. The problem that the data analysis network element cannot determine the collection delay of the first data is solved. This enables the network element using the data analysis result to predict in advance the delay requirement that the data analysis network element can meet.
  • the method further includes: determining, by the data analysis network element, an inference delay of the data analysis result according to the first data.
  • it takes a certain amount of time for the data analysis network element to analyze the first data for example, the data analysis network element analyzes the first data to generate the data analysis result, and the time required for the data analysis network element to generate the data analysis result Inference delay for data analysis results.
  • the method further includes: receiving, by the data analysis network element, a sixth request sent by a third network function network element, where the sixth request is used to request the data analysis result;
  • the data analysis network element sends a sixth response to the third network function network element, where the sixth response includes: the data analysis result; the data analysis network element determines the data analysis result according to the sixth response transmission delay.
  • the data analysis network element receives the sixth request, and then sends the sixth response. Through the transmission of the data analysis result, the data analysis network element can determine the transmission delay of the data analysis result, which solves the problem that the data analysis network element cannot determine the data. The problem of transmission delay of analysis results.
  • the data analysis network element determining the transmission delay of the data analysis result according to the sixth response includes: receiving, by the data analysis network element, sending by the third network function network element
  • the transmission end time of the data analysis result, the transmission end time of the data analysis result is the time when the third network function network element has sent the data analysis result;
  • the data analysis network element is based on the data analysis
  • the transmission start time of the result and the transmission end time of the data analysis result determine the transmission delay of the data analysis result, and the transmission start time of the data analysis result is when the data analysis network element sends the data analysis result start time.
  • the data analysis network element obtains the transmission end time of the data analysis result from the third network function network element, and then the data analysis network element obtains the transmission delay of the data analysis result by itself, for example, the data
  • the transmission delay of the analysis result is equal to the transmission end time of the data analysis result minus the transmission start time of the data analysis network element according to the data analysis result. It solves the problem that the data analysis network element cannot determine the transmission delay of the data analysis result.
  • the data analysis network element determining the transmission delay of the data analysis result according to the sixth response includes: the data analysis network element sending the third network function network element The transmission start time of the data analysis result, the transmission start time of the data analysis result is the start time of the data analysis network element sending the data analysis result; the data analysis network element receives the third The transmission delay of the data analysis result sent by the network function network element, wherein the transmission delay of the data analysis result is determined by the third network function network element according to the transmission start time of the data analysis result and the The transmission end time of the data analysis result is determined, and the transmission end time of the data analysis result is the time when the third network function network element finishes sending the data analysis result.
  • the data analysis network element may send the transmission start time of the data analysis result to the third network function network element, and then the third network function network element obtains the transmission delay of the data analysis result by itself, for example, the data analysis result
  • the transmission delay is equal to the transmission end time of the data analysis result minus the transmission start time of the data analysis network element according to the data analysis result.
  • the transmission delay of the data analysis network element receiving the data analysis result sent by the third network function network element solves the problem that the data analysis network element cannot determine the transmission delay of the data analysis result.
  • the first request further includes: an analysis identifier, where the delay information is delay information corresponding to the analysis identifier; and the indication information is an indication corresponding to the analysis identifier information.
  • the data analysis network element may also carry an analysis identifier in the first request, so that both the delay information and the indication information may correspond to the analysis identifier. Therefore, the data analysis can be determined by the analysis identifier corresponding to the data analysis network element. Delay information and indication information of the network element.
  • the delay information is determined by the area where the data analysis network element is located, the network topology to which the data analysis network element belongs, and the hardware capability supported by the data analysis network element.
  • the delay information of the data analysis network element is related to the parameters of the data analysis network element, such as the region where the data analysis network element is located, the network topology to which the data analysis network element belongs, and the hardware capabilities supported by the data analysis network element. At least one of the parameters can be used to determine the delay information.
  • the delay information corresponding to the data analysis network element can be determined through the data analysis network element's own parameters, so that the data analysis network element can determine the entire data analysis network element. Latency of the analysis process.
  • an embodiment of the present application further provides a communication method, including: a storage function network element receiving a first request from a data analysis network element, wherein the first request includes: delay information and/or indication information,
  • the delay information includes one or more of the following information: the collection delay of the first data, the inference delay of the data analysis result of the first data, and the transmission delay of the data analysis result, wherein the The indication information is used to instruct the data analysis network element to support the analysis of the first data within the specified time delay; the first request is used to store the time delay information and/or the indication information in the specified time delay.
  • the storage function network element the storage function network element sends a first response to the data analysis network element, where the first response is used to indicate the delay information and/or the data analysis network element to the data analysis network element
  • the above indication information is stored successfully.
  • the storage function network element can obtain the delay information of the storage function network element, so that the storage function network element can determine the following information: One or more of: the collection delay of the first data, the inference delay of the data analysis result of the first data, and the transmission delay of the data analysis result. Or the storage function network element can obtain the indication information of the storage function network element, so that the storage function network element can determine that the data analysis network element supports the analysis of the first data within the specified delay, so the storage function network element can obtain the data analysis
  • the data analysis delay of the network element enables the network element using the data analysis result to predict in advance the delay requirement that the data analysis network element can meet.
  • the method further includes: the storage function network element receives a seventh request from a fourth network function network element, where the seventh request is used to request a data analysis network element; the storage function network element receives a seventh request from a fourth network function network element.
  • the functional network element sends a seventh response to the fourth network functional network element, where the seventh response includes: one or more data analysis network elements.
  • the data analysis network element receives the seventh request, and then sends the seventh response.
  • the fourth network function network element can determine the delay information corresponding to one or more data analysis network elements, the fourth network function network element The element determines a target data analysis network element that meets the data analysis delay requirement of the fourth network function network element from one or more data analysis network elements, so that the fourth network function network element can communicate with the target data analysis network element, The communication of the fourth network function network element under the requirement of data analysis delay is realized.
  • the seventh request includes: a data analysis delay requirement of the fourth network function network element; the method further includes: the storage function network element analyzes the corresponding network element according to the data.
  • the delay information determines one or more data analysis network elements that meet the data analysis delay requirement; the storage function network element sends a seventh response to the fourth network function network element, including: the storage function network element Send a seventh response to the fourth network function network element, where the seventh response includes: one or more data analysis network elements that meet the data analysis delay requirement.
  • the storage function network element obtains the data analysis delay requirement of the fourth network function network element, and the storage function network element stores the delay information corresponding to each data analysis network element in advance.
  • the storage function network element can Screen the delay information corresponding to each data analysis network element according to the data analysis delay requirement, determine one or more data analysis network elements that meet the data analysis delay requirement, and send the storage function network element to the fourth network function network element.
  • the seventh response carries one or more data analysis network elements that meet the data analysis delay requirement, so that the fourth network function network element determines one or more data analysis network elements that meet the data analysis delay requirement.
  • the storage function network element sends a seventh response to the fourth network function network element, including: the storage function network element determines one or more functions that support data analysis within a specified time delay. a plurality of data analysis network elements; the storage function network element sends a seventh response to the fourth network function network element, where the seventh response includes: one or more data analyses that support data analysis within a specified time delay network element.
  • the storage function network element acquires one or more data analysis network elements that support data analysis within a specified time delay, and the storage function network element sends a seventh response to the fourth network function network element, where the seventh response includes : one or more data analysis network elements that support data analysis within the specified delay, so that the fourth network function network element determines one or more data analysis network elements that support data analysis within the specified delay, and then the fourth network function network element determines one or more data analysis network elements that support data analysis within the specified delay.
  • Four network function network elements determine the target data analysis network element.
  • an embodiment of the present application further provides a communication method, including: a fourth network function network element sends a seventh request to a storage function network element, where the seventh request is used to request a data analysis network element; the fourth The network function network element receives a seventh response sent by the storage function network element, where the seventh response includes: one or more data analysis network elements, where the one or more data analysis network elements respectively correspond to time delay information; The fourth network function network element determines, from the one or more data analysis network elements, a target data analysis network element that meets the data analysis delay requirement of the fourth network function network element.
  • the fourth network function network element since the fourth network function network element can determine the delay information corresponding to one or more data analysis network elements, the fourth network function network element determines from the one or more data analysis network elements that the The target data analysis network element required by the data analysis delay of the network function network element enables the fourth network function network element to communicate with the target data analysis network element, so that the fourth network function network element can meet the data analysis delay requirements. Communication.
  • the fourth network function network element determines, from the one or more data analysis network elements, a target data analysis network that meets the data analysis delay requirement of the fourth network function network element element, including: the fourth network function network element determines the delay information corresponding to the one or more data analysis network elements from the seventh response; the fourth network function network element is based on the one or more data analysis network elements.
  • the target data analysis network element is determined from the respective delay information corresponding to the multiple data analysis network elements and the data analysis delay requirement.
  • the fourth network function network element can obtain the delay information corresponding to each data analysis network element, and can filter the delay information corresponding to each data analysis network element according to the data analysis delay requirement, and determine The target data analysis network element that meets the data analysis delay requirements.
  • the determining, by the fourth network function network element, a target data analysis network element according to the seventh response includes: the fourth network function network element reporting to the one or more data analysis networks
  • the fourth network function network element receives the delay matching result sent by at least one data analysis network element that meets the data analysis delay requirement; the fourth network function network element
  • the target data analysis network element is determined from at least one data analysis network element that sends the delay matching result.
  • the fourth network function network element may send data analysis delay requirements to each data analysis network element respectively, and each data analysis network element performs matching according to the data analysis delay requirements and its own delay information.
  • At least one data analysis network element that meets the data analysis delay requirement sends the delay matching result to the fourth network function network element
  • the fourth network function network element determines at least one data analysis network element that sends the delay matching result
  • the third network function network element determines the at least one data analysis network element that sends the delay matching result
  • an embodiment of the present application further provides a communication device, including: a sending module configured to send a first request to a storage function network element, where the first request includes: delay information and/or indication information,
  • the delay information includes one or more of the following information: the collection delay of the first data, the inference delay of the data analysis result of the first data, and the transmission delay of the data analysis result, wherein the The indication information is used to instruct the data analysis network element to support data analysis within a specified delay;
  • the first request is used to store the delay information and/or the indication information in the storage function network element a receiving module, configured to receive a first response from the storage function network element, where the first response is used to indicate to the data analysis network element that the delay information and/or the indication information is successfully stored.
  • the modules in the communication device may further perform the steps described in the foregoing first aspect and various possible implementation manners.
  • an embodiment of the present application further provides a communication device, including: a receiving module configured to receive a first request from a data analysis network element, where the first request includes: delay information and/or indication information , the delay information includes one or more of the following information: the collection delay of the first data, the inference delay of the data analysis result of the first data, and the transmission delay of the data analysis result, wherein,
  • the indication information is used to instruct the data analysis network element to support the analysis of the first data within the specified time delay; the first request is used to store the time delay information and/or the indication information in a the storage function network element; a sending module configured to send a first response to the data analysis network element, wherein the first response is used to indicate the delay information and/or the data analysis network element to the data analysis network element
  • the above indication information is stored successfully.
  • the modules in the communication device may also perform the steps described in the foregoing second aspect and various possible implementation manners.
  • an embodiment of the present application further provides a communication device, including: a sending module, configured to send a seventh request to a storage function network element, where the seventh request is used to request a data analysis network element; a receiving module, configured to Receive a seventh response sent by the storage function network element, where the seventh response includes: one or more data analysis network elements, where the one or more data analysis network elements respectively correspond to the time delay information; a processing module for A target data analysis network element that meets the data analysis delay requirement of the fourth network function network element is determined from the one or more data analysis network elements.
  • the modules in the communication device may also perform the steps described in the foregoing third aspect and various possible implementation manners.
  • the data analysis network element may be an NWDAF network element
  • the storage function network element may be an NRF network element
  • the first network function network element may be a database device, such as the first network function network element
  • the element is DCCF
  • the second network function network element is an NF network element with a data provision function
  • the third network function network element is a Consumer NF network element
  • the fourth network function network element may be another Consumer NF network element.
  • the collection delay of the first data is the time taken by the data analysis network element to collect the first data
  • the inference delay of the data analysis result is the data analysis network element.
  • the time taken for the element to infer the first data to obtain the data analysis result, and the transmission delay of the data analysis result is the time taken for the data analysis network element to transmit the data analysis result.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a computer-readable storage medium, where instructions are stored in the computer-readable storage medium, and when the computer-readable storage medium runs on a computer, the computer can execute the first aspect or the second aspect or The method described in the third aspect.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a computer program product containing instructions, which, when run on a computer, causes the computer to execute the method described in the first aspect or the second aspect or the third aspect.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a communication device, the communication device may include a data analysis network element, a storage function network element, or a fourth network function network element or an entity such as a chip, and the communication device includes: a processor , a memory; the memory is used to store instructions; the processor is used to execute the instructions in the memory, so that the communication device executes as described in any one of the first aspect or the second aspect or the third aspect. method described.
  • the present application provides a chip system
  • the chip system includes a processor for supporting a data analysis network element, or a storage function network element, or a fourth network function network element to implement the functions involved in the above aspects, For example, sending or processing data and/or information involved in the above methods.
  • the chip system further includes a memory for storing data analysis network elements, or storage function network elements, or necessary program instructions and data for the fourth network function network element.
  • the chip system may be composed of chips, or may include chips and other discrete devices.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a communication system, including: a data analysis network element configured to execute any one of the methods in the above-mentioned first aspect and its possible implementation manners, and a storage function network element, used for for performing any one of the above-mentioned second aspect and its possible implementation manners.
  • the embodiments of the present application further provide another communication system, including a storage function network element for executing any one of the methods in the second aspect and possible implementations thereof, and a fourth network function network element for executing Any one of the above-mentioned third aspect and its possible implementation manners.
  • FIGS. 1a to 1f are schematic diagrams of the architecture of a communication system provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 2 to FIG. 8 are schematic block flow diagrams of a communication method provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of an NWDAF-based 5G network architecture provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a DCCF-based data collection architecture provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of interaction under an application scenario of the communication method provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of the connection between an NRF and N NWDAFs provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of interaction under another application scenario of the communication method provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 15 is a schematic structural diagram of a data analysis network element according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 16 is a schematic structural diagram of a network element with a storage function provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 17 is a schematic structural diagram of a fourth network function network element according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 18 is a schematic structural diagram of another data analysis network element provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 19 is a schematic structural diagram of another network element with a storage function provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 20 is a schematic structural diagram of another fourth network function network element according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the exemplary system of FIG. 1a is a 5G system based on a service-oriented interface.
  • the 5G system may include: authentication server function (AUSF) network element, access and mobility management function (AMF) network element, data network (DN), unified data management (unified data management, UDM) network element, policy control function (policy control function, PCF) network element, (radio) access network ((radio) access network, (R)AN) network element, user plane function (user plane function) function, UPF) network element, terminal equipment (terminal), application function (application function, AF) network element, session management function (session management function, SMF) network element, binding support function (binding support function, BSF) network element , network data analysis function (NWDAF) network element, network exposure function (NEF) network element, network storage function (network repository function, NRF) network element.
  • AUSF authentication server function
  • AMF access and mobility management function
  • DN data network
  • UDM unified data management
  • policy control function policy control function
  • (R)AN network element AMF network element, SMF network element, UDM network element, UPF network element, PCF network element, BSF network element, NWDAF network element, NRF network element, NEF network element, etc. They are referred to by RAN, AMF, SMF, UDM, UPF, PCF, BSF, NWDAF, NRF, NEF, etc., respectively.
  • the 5G system is divided into two parts: the access network and the core network.
  • the access network is used to implement functions related to wireless access, mainly including the RAN.
  • the core network is used for network service control, data transmission, etc.
  • the core network includes multiple network elements.
  • the core network may mainly include: AMF, SMF, UPF, PCF, UDM, and so on.
  • PCF is responsible for providing policies to AMF and SMF, such as quality of service (QoS) policies, slice selection policies, etc.
  • QoS quality of service
  • UDM for processing 3rd generation partnership project (3GPP) authentication and key agreement (AKA) authentication credentials, user identification processing, access authorization, registration/mobility management, subscription management , SMS management, etc.
  • 3GPP 3rd generation partnership project
  • AKA authentication and key agreement
  • UDM can provide and store information about network elements currently serving terminal equipment (serving NF (serving NF), for example, serving AMF (serving AMF), serving SMF (serving SMF), serving NWDAF (serving NWDAF), etc.) function.
  • serving NF serving NF
  • serving AMF serving AMF
  • serving SMF serving SMF
  • NWDAF serving NWDAF
  • AF which may be an application server, may belong to an operator or a third party. It mainly supports interaction with the 3GPP core network to provide services, such as influencing data routing decisions, policy control functions, or providing some third-party services to the network side.
  • AMF is mainly responsible for the signaling processing part, such as registration management of terminal equipment, connection management of terminal equipment, reachability management of terminal equipment, access authorization and access authentication of terminal equipment, security function of terminal equipment, terminal equipment Device mobility management (such as terminal device location update, terminal device registration network, terminal device switching, etc.), network slice selection, SMF selection, terminal device registration or de-registration and other functions.
  • SMF is mainly responsible for all control plane functions of terminal device session management, including UPF selection, control and redirection, Internet protocol (IP) address allocation and management, session QoS management, and obtaining policies and accounting from PCF.
  • IP Internet protocol
  • PCC Charge control (policy and charging control, PCC) strategy, bearer or session establishment, modification and release, etc.
  • UPF as the anchor point of the protocol data unit (protocol data unit, PDU) session connection, is responsible for data packet filtering, data transmission/forwarding, rate control, generation of billing information, user plane QoS processing, and uplink transmission authentication for terminal equipment , transmission level verification, downlink data packet buffering and downlink data notification triggering, etc.
  • the UPF can also act as a branch point for a multi-homed PDU session.
  • the transmission resources and scheduling functions that provide services to terminal equipment in the UPF are managed and controlled by the SMF.
  • NRF is a network element that stores information such as network element attributes, network element status, and network topology relationships. It has network element discovery functions and network element management functions.
  • BSF with the ability to bind or store the corresponding terminal device address, terminal device identifier, data network name (DNN), single network slice selection assistance information (S-NSSAI) for the PDU session,
  • DNN data network name
  • S-NSSAI single network slice selection assistance information
  • PCF instance For example, the PCF corresponding to the terminal device can be queried from the BSF.
  • NWDAF has at least one of the following functions: data collection function, data analysis function.
  • the data collection function refers to the collection of relevant data from network elements, third-party service servers, terminal equipment or network management systems;
  • the data analysis function refers to the analysis and training based on the relevant input data, and the The third-party service server, terminal equipment, or network management system provides data analysis results.
  • the analysis results can assist the network to select service quality parameters for services, or assist the network to perform traffic routing, or assist the network to select background traffic transmission strategies.
  • NWDAF can only perform relevant training and analysis functions based on the collected data, so its premise is that it can collect and obtain relevant data.
  • the NWDAF may be an independent network element, or may be co-located with other network elements.
  • NWDAF network elements may be co-located with AMF network elements or co-located with SMF network elements.
  • RAN a network composed of one or more access network devices (also referred to as RAN nodes or network devices), implements radio physical layer functions, resource scheduling and radio resource management, radio access control and mobility management functions, services Features such as quality management, data compression and encryption.
  • the access network equipment is connected to the UPF through the user plane interface N3, and is used to transmit the data of the terminal equipment.
  • the access network equipment establishes a control plane signaling connection with the AMF through the control plane interface N2 to implement functions such as radio access bearer control.
  • the access network equipment may be a base station, a wireless fidelity (WiFi) access point (AP), a worldwide interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX) site, and the like.
  • the base station may include various forms of base stations, such as: a macro base station, a micro base station (also called a small station), a relay station, an access point, and the like.
  • an AP in a wireless local area network WLAN
  • a base station in the global system for mobile communications (GSM) or code division multiple access (CDMA) base transceiver station, BTS
  • a base station NodeB, NB
  • WCDMA wideband code division multiple access
  • evolved node B, eNB or eNodeB in LTE
  • relay stations or access points or in-vehicle devices, wearable devices, and the next generation node B (gNB) in the future 5G system or the public land mobile network (PLMN) evolved in the future ) base stations in the network, etc.
  • gNB next generation node B
  • PLMN public land mobile network
  • the terminal device may be a wireless terminal device, or may also be a wired terminal device.
  • a wireless end device may be a device that provides voice and/or data connectivity to a user, a handheld device with wireless connectivity, or other processing device connected to a wireless modem.
  • a certain air interface technology (such as NR technology or LTE technology) is used to communicate with each other between the terminal device and the access network device.
  • a certain air interface technology (such as NR technology or LTE technology) can also be used to communicate with each other between terminal devices.
  • the wireless terminal device may communicate with one or more core network devices via access network devices, such as with AMF, SMF, and the like.
  • the wireless terminal device may be a mobile terminal device, such as a mobile phone (or "cellular" phone), smart phone, satellite wireless device, wireless modem card, and a computer with a mobile terminal device, for example, may be a laptop, portable, Pocket, handheld, computer built-in or vehicle mounted mobile devices that exchange voice and/or data with access network equipment.
  • the wireless terminal device may be a personal communication service (PCS) phone, a cordless phone, a session initiation protocol (SIP) phone, a wireless local loop (WLL) station, a personal Digital assistant (personal digital assistant, PDA), virtual reality (virtual reality, VR) glasses, augmented reality (augmented reality, AR) glasses, machine type communication terminal equipment, Internet of things terminal equipment and other equipment.
  • PCS personal communication service
  • SIP session initiation protocol
  • WLL wireless local loop
  • PDA personal digital assistant
  • VR virtual reality
  • AR augmented reality
  • the communication device loaded on the vehicle is a terminal device, and the roadside unit (RSU) can also be used as a terminal device.
  • the communication equipment loaded on the UAV can also be regarded as a kind of terminal equipment.
  • Wireless terminal equipment may also be referred to as user equipment (UE), terminal, subscriber unit (subscriber unit), subscriber station (subscriber station), mobile station (mobile station), mobile station (mobile), remote station (remote station) ), access point, access terminal, user terminal, user agent, etc.
  • DN is an operator network that provides data transmission services for users, such as IP multi-media service (IMS), Internet and so on.
  • the terminal device accesses the DN by establishing a PDU session (session) between the terminal device and the access network device and the UPF and the DN.
  • PDU session session
  • the communication system 100 may include: a data analysis network element 101 and a storage function network element 102, wherein,
  • a data analysis network element configured to send a first request to a storage function network element, where the first request includes: delay information and/or indication information, and the delay information includes one or more of the following information: Collection delay, inference delay of the data analysis result of the first data, and transmission delay of the data analysis result, wherein the indication information is used to instruct the data analysis network element to support data analysis within the specified delay; the first request is used for Store the delay information and/or the indication information in the storage function network element;
  • a storage function network element configured to receive a first request from a data analysis network element, where the first request includes: delay information and/or indication information, and the delay information includes one or more of the following information: the first data The collection delay of the first data, the inference delay of the data analysis result of the first data, and the transmission delay of the data analysis result, wherein the collection delay of the first data is the time taken by the data analysis network element to collect the first data, and the data analysis
  • the inference delay of the result is the time taken by the data analysis network element to infer the first data to obtain the data analysis result
  • the transmission delay of the data analysis result is the time taken by the data analysis network element to transmit the data analysis result; indication information used to instruct the data analysis network element to support the analysis of the first data within the specified delay; the first request is used to store the delay information and/or the indication information in the storage function network element;
  • the storage function network element is configured to send a first response to the data analysis network element, where the first response is used to indicate to the data analysis network element the delay information and/or the successful storage of the information.
  • the data analysis network element is configured to receive a first response from the storage function network element, where the first response is used to indicate the delay information and/or the successful storage of the information to the data analysis network element.
  • the collection delay of the first data is the time taken for the data analysis network element to collect the first data
  • the inference delay of the data analysis result is that the data analysis network element obtains data by inferring the first data
  • the time occupied by the analysis result, and the transmission delay of the data analysis result is the time occupied by the data analysis network element to transmit the data analysis result.
  • the data analysis network element refers to a network element that has data analysis capabilities and can provide data analysis results.
  • the data analysis network elements may include: NWDAF network elements, which may perform data analysis on the first data to generate data analysis results.
  • NWDAF network elements may perform data analysis on the first data to generate data analysis results.
  • the data analysis may be implemented in various manners, for example, the analysis may be based on the size of the traffic, or the analysis based on the data type, and the like.
  • the storage function network element refers to a network element with a data storage function, for example, the storage function network element may be an NRF network element.
  • the NWDAF network element determines that a real-time data analysis capability is supported for a certain analysis identifier (Analytics ID), and then registers the real-time communication capability information (Real-time communication capability information) and the corresponding Analytics ID to the NRF network element.
  • the storage function network element receives the delay information and/or the indication information of the data analysis network element, and can store the delay information and/or the indication information.
  • NWDAF NWDAF
  • NRF NRF
  • the storage function network element can receive the first request from the data analysis network element, so the storage function network element can obtain the delay information of the storage function network element, so that the storage function network element can obtain the delay information of the storage function network element.
  • the element may determine one or more of the following information: the collection delay of the first data, the inference delay of the data analysis result of the first data, and the transmission delay of the data analysis result.
  • the storage function network element can obtain the indication information of the storage function network element, so that the storage function network element can determine that the data analysis network element supports the analysis of the first data within the specified delay, so the storage function network element can obtain the data analysis Delay in data analysis of network elements. This enables the network element using the data analysis result to predict in advance the delay requirement that the data analysis network element can meet.
  • the communication system 100 may include: a data analysis network element 101, a storage function network element 102, and a first network function network element 103, wherein,
  • a data analysis network element configured to send a second request to the first network function network element, where the second request is used to request the first data
  • the first network function network element is configured to receive the second request from the data analysis network element.
  • the first network function network element is configured to send a second response to the data analysis network element.
  • a data analysis network element configured to receive a second response sent by the first network function network element, where the second response includes: the first data and the first transmission start time of the first data, and the first transmission start time is the first network the start time for the functional network element to transmit the first data;
  • the data analysis network element is used to determine the collection delay of the first data according to the first transmission start time of the first data and the first transmission end time of the first data, and the first transmission end time is the data analysis network element from the first transmission end time. The time when the network function network element has received the first data.
  • the first network function network element refers to a network element with a data providing function, for example, the first network function network element may be an NF network element with a data provider function.
  • the data analysis network element may receive the second response of the first network function network element, and obtain the first transmission start time of the first data from the second response, according to the first The first transmission start time of the data and the first transmission end time of the first data determine the collection delay of the first data, which solves the problem that the data analysis network element cannot determine the collection delay of the first data.
  • the communication system 100 may include: a data analysis network element 101, a storage function network element 102, and a first network function network element 103, wherein,
  • a data analysis network element configured to send a third request to the first network function network element, where the third request is used to request the first data
  • the first network function network element is configured to receive a third request from the data analysis network element.
  • the first network function network element is configured to send a third response to the data analysis network element.
  • a data analysis network element configured to receive a third response sent by the first network function network element, where the third response includes: the first data, the second transmission start time of the first data, and the first preparation delay of the first data,
  • the second transmission start time is the start time for the first network function network element to transmit the first data
  • the first preparation delay is the time occupied by the first network function network element to prepare the first data
  • the data analysis network element is used to determine the first transmission delay of the first data according to the second transmission start time of the first data and the second transmission end time of the first data, and the second transmission end time is the time from which the data analysis network element starts. the time when the first network function network element has finished receiving the first data;
  • the data analysis network element is configured to determine the collection delay of the first data according to the first transmission delay of the first data and the first preparation delay of the first data.
  • the first preparation delay is the time taken for the first network function network element to prepare the first data
  • the third response includes the first preparation time.
  • the data analysis network element determines the collection delay of the first data according to the first transmission delay of the first data and the first preparation delay of the first data, so that the data analysis network element can accurately obtain the first data collection delay. This enables the network element using the data analysis result to predict in advance the delay requirement that the data analysis network element can meet.
  • the first network function network element may be a database device
  • the database device refers to a device with a database function
  • the database device has a data storage function.
  • a database device may include one or more network elements, such as The database device may be a data collection coordinator function (DCCF) network element.
  • DCCF data collection coordinator function
  • the data analysis network element may receive the third response of the first network function network element, and obtain the second transmission start time of the first data and the first data from the third response.
  • the first preparation delay of the first data is determined according to the second transmission start time of the first data and the second transmission end time of the first data.
  • the first transmission delay of the first data is determined according to the The first preparation delay of the first data determines the collection delay of the first data, which solves the problem that the data analysis network element cannot determine the collection delay of the first data.
  • the communication system 100 may include: a data analysis network element 101, a storage function network element 102, a first network function network element 103 and a second network function network element 104, wherein,
  • a data analysis network element configured to send a third request to the first network function network element, where the third request is used to request the first data
  • the first network function network element is configured to receive a third request from the data analysis network element.
  • the first network function network element is configured to send a fourth request to the second network function network element, where the fourth request is used to request the first data.
  • the second network function network element is configured to receive the fourth request from the first network function network element.
  • the second network function network element is configured to send a fourth response to the first network function network element, where the fourth response includes: the first data and the third transmission start time.
  • the first network function network element is configured to receive the fourth response.
  • the first network function network element is configured to send a third response to the data analysis network element.
  • a data analysis network element configured to receive a third response sent by the first network function network element, where the third response includes: the first data, the second transmission start time of the first data, and the first preparation delay of the first data,
  • the second transmission start time is the start time for the first network function network element to transmit the first data
  • the first preparation delay is the time occupied by the first network function network element to prepare the first data
  • the data analysis network element is used to determine the first transmission delay of the first data according to the second transmission start time of the first data and the second transmission end time of the first data, and the second transmission end time is the time from which the data analysis network element starts. the time when the first network function network element has finished receiving the first data;
  • the data analysis network element is configured to determine the collection delay of the first data according to the first transmission delay of the first data and the first preparation delay of the first data.
  • the first network function network element may be a database device, and when the first data is not stored in the database device, the first network function network element may request the first data from the second network function network element, wherein the second network function network element
  • An element refers to a network element with a data providing function, for example, the second network function network element may be an NF with a data providing function.
  • the first preparation delay is the time occupied by the first network function network element to prepare the first data, then the first preparation delay is included in the third response, and the data analysis network element is based on the first transmission delay of the first data and the first preparation delay.
  • the first data preparation delay determines the first data collection delay, so that the data analysis network element can accurately obtain the first data collection delay. This enables the network element using the data analysis result to predict in advance the delay requirement that the data analysis network element can meet.
  • the first network function network element may request the first data from the second network function network element, and after the first network function network element obtains the first data, the first network function network element The element sends a third response to the data analysis network element, and the data analysis network element may receive the third response of the first network function network element, and obtain the second transmission start time of the first data and the first data from the third response.
  • the first preparation delay determine the first transmission delay of the first data according to the second transmission start time of the first data and the second transmission end time of the first data, and determine the first transmission delay of the first data according to the first transmission delay of the first data and the first transmission delay of the first data.
  • the first data preparation delay determines the first data collection delay, which solves the problem that the data analysis network element cannot determine the first data collection delay. This enables the network element using the data analysis result to predict in advance the delay requirement that the data analysis network element can meet.
  • the communication system 100 may include: a data analysis network element 101, a storage function network element 102, a first network function network element 103 and a second network function network element 104, wherein,
  • the data analysis network element is configured to send a third request to the first network function network element, where the third request is used to request the first data.
  • the first network function network element is configured to receive a third request from the data analysis network element.
  • the first network function network element is used to send a fifth request to the second network function network element, and the fourth request is used to request the first data.
  • the second network function network element is configured to receive the fifth request from the first network function network element.
  • the second network function network element is configured to send a fifth response to the first network function network element, where the fifth response includes: the first data, the fourth transmission start time, and the second preparation delay of the first data.
  • the first network function network element is configured to receive the fifth response.
  • the first network function network element is the first network function network element.
  • the first preparation delay is obtained by the first network function network element according to the fourth transmission start time of the first data, the fourth transmission end time of the first data, and the second preparation delay of the first data;
  • the first preparation delay is equal to the fourth transmission end time of the first data minus the fourth transmission start time of the first data, plus the second preparation delay of the first data.
  • the first network function network element is used to send a fifth request to the second network function network element, and the fifth request is used to request the first data;
  • the second network function network element is configured to send a fifth response to the first network function network element, where the fifth response includes: the first data, the fourth transmission start time, and the second preparation delay of the first data;
  • the fourth transmission start time is the start time for the second network function network element to transmit the first data
  • the fourth transmission end time is the time when the first network function network element receives the first data from the second network function network element
  • the second preparation delay is the time period occupied by the second network function network element to determine the first data.
  • the first network function network element is configured to send a third response to the data analysis network element.
  • a data analysis network element configured to receive a third response sent by the first network function network element, where the third response includes: the first data, the second transmission start time of the first data, and the first preparation delay of the first data,
  • the second transmission start time is the start time at which the first network function network element transmits the first data.
  • the first preparation delay is obtained by the first network function network element according to the fourth transmission start time of the first data, the fourth transmission end time of the first data, and the second preparation delay of the first data.
  • the data analysis network element is used to determine the first transmission delay of the first data according to the second transmission start time of the first data and the second transmission end time of the first data, and the second transmission end time is the time from which the data analysis network element starts. The time when the first network function network element has received the first data.
  • the first transmission delay of the first data is equal to the second transmission end time of the first data minus the second transmission start time of the first data.
  • the data analysis network element is configured to determine the collection delay of the first data according to the first transmission delay of the first data and the first preparation delay of the first data.
  • the collection delay of the first data is equal to the first preparation delay of the first data plus the first transmission delay of the first data.
  • the first network function network element when the first network function network element does not store the first data, the first network function network element may request the first data from the second network function network element, and the second network function network element may request the first data.
  • the preparation delay for preparing the first data is the second preparation delay, then the first preparation delay obtained by the first network function network element includes the second preparation delay, and finally the data analysis network element is based on the first preparation delay of the first data.
  • the transmission delay and the first preparation delay of the first data determine the collection delay of the first data.
  • the problem that the data analysis network element cannot determine the collection delay of the first data is solved. This enables the network element using the data analysis result to predict in advance the delay requirement that the data analysis network element can meet.
  • the communication system 100 may include: a data analysis network element 101, a storage function network element 102, and a third network function network element 105, wherein,
  • the third network function network element is configured to send the sixth request to the data analysis network element.
  • a data analysis network element configured to receive a sixth request sent by a third network function network element, where the sixth request is used to request a data analysis result
  • a data analysis network element configured to send a sixth response to the third network function network element, where the sixth response includes: a data analysis result;
  • the data analysis network element is configured to determine the transmission delay of the data analysis result according to the sixth response.
  • the third network function network element requests the data analysis network element to obtain the data analysis result
  • the third network function network element may be a consumer network function (Consumer NF) network element.
  • the third network function network element sends the sixth request to the data analysis network element.
  • the data analysis network element receives the sixth request, and then sends the sixth response, and through the transmission of the data analysis result, the data analysis network element can determine the transmission delay of the data analysis result, which solves the problem.
  • the communication system 100 may include: a data analysis network element 101, a storage function network element 102, and a fourth network function network element 106, wherein,
  • a fourth network function network element configured to send a seventh request to the storage function network element, and the seventh request is used to request the data analysis network element;
  • a storage function network element configured to receive a seventh request from a fourth network function network element, where the seventh request is used to request a data analysis network element;
  • the storage function network element is configured to send a seventh response to the fourth network function network element, where the seventh response includes: one or more data analysis network elements.
  • the fourth network function network element is configured to receive a seventh response sent by the storage function network element, where the seventh response includes: one or more data analysis network elements, and the one or more data analysis network elements respectively correspond to the time delay information;
  • the fourth network function network element is configured to determine, from one or more data analysis network elements, a target data analysis network element that meets the data analysis delay requirement of the fourth network function network element.
  • the fourth network function network element is the network element requesting the data analysis result, for example, the fourth network function network element is the Consumer NF network element.
  • the fourth network function network element sends a seventh request to the data analysis network element.
  • the data analysis network element receives the seventh request and then sends the seventh response, because the fourth network function network element can determine the delay information corresponding to one or more data analysis network elements respectively , so the fourth network function network element determines the target data analysis network element that meets the data analysis delay requirement of the fourth network function network element from one or more data analysis network elements, so that the fourth network function network element can communicate with the target data analysis network element.
  • the data analysis network element communicates to realize the communication of the fourth network function network element under the requirement of data analysis time delay.
  • the communication method provided by the embodiment of the present application may include:
  • the data analysis network element sends a first request to the storage function network element.
  • the first request includes: delay information and/or indication information, and the delay information includes one or more of the following information: the collection delay of the first data, the inference delay of the data analysis result of the first data, the data The transmission delay of the analysis result, and the indication information is used to instruct the data analysis network element to support data analysis within the specified time delay; the first request is used to store the delay information and/or the indication information in the storage function network element.
  • the data analysis network element first confirms the delay information, or determines the indication information, or determines the delay information and the indication information.
  • the delay information may also be called data analysis delay, and the delay information includes one or more of the following information: the collection delay of the first data, the inference delay of the data analysis result of the first data, the transmission of the data analysis result Delay, where the first data is the data analyzed by the data analysis network element, the collection delay of the first data is the time taken by the data analysis network element to collect the first data, and the inference delay of the data analysis result is the data analysis network element.
  • the time taken by the data analysis network element to obtain the data analysis result by inferring the first data, the transmission delay of the data analysis result is the time taken for the data analysis network element to transmit the data analysis result, and the data analysis network element passes the first data collection time.
  • the delay, the inference delay of the data analysis result of the first data, and the transmission delay of the data analysis result can determine the delay occupied by the entire data analysis process.
  • the first request sent by the data analysis network element in the embodiment of the present application may be a registration request, that is, the data analysis network element requests to register with the storage function network element.
  • the first request further includes: an analysis identifier, where the delay information is delay information corresponding to the analysis identifier; and the indication information is indication information corresponding to the analysis identifier.
  • the data analysis network element may also carry an analysis identifier in the first request, so that both the delay information and the indication information may correspond to the analysis identifier. Therefore, the data analysis network element can be determined by the analysis identifier corresponding to the data analysis network element. Delay information and indication information.
  • the delay information is determined by the region where the data analysis network element is located, the network topology to which the data analysis network element belongs, and the hardware capability supported by the data analysis network element.
  • the delay information of the data analysis network element is related to its own parameters, such as the area where the data analysis network element is located, the network topology to which the data analysis network element belongs, and at least one of the hardware capabilities supported by the data analysis network element.
  • a parameter can be used to determine the delay information.
  • the delay information corresponding to the data analysis network element can be determined by using its own parameters of the data analysis network element, so that the data analysis network element can determine the duration of the entire data analysis process. time delay.
  • the communication method performed by the data analysis network element further includes:
  • the data analysis network element determines the inference delay of the data analysis result according to the first data.
  • the data analysis network element needs to take a certain amount of time to analyze the first data, for example, the data analysis network element analyzes the first data to generate the data analysis result, and the time required for the data analysis network element to generate the data analysis result is the data analysis result.
  • the inference latency of the result is the data analysis result.
  • the data analysis network element first determines the inference delay, that is, the data analysis network element generates the inference result according to the inference data input into the model, and generates the delay of the data analysis result.
  • the delay is mainly related to the hardware capability of the data analysis network element itself.
  • the storage function network element receives a first request from the data analysis network element.
  • the first request includes: delay information and/or indication information, and the delay information includes one or more of the following information: the collection delay of the first data, the inference delay of the data analysis result of the first data, the data The transmission delay of the analysis result, the indication information is used to instruct the data analysis network element to support analyzing the first data within the specified time delay; the first request is used to store the delay information and/or the indication information in the storage function network element.
  • the storage function network element can obtain the delay information of the data analysis network element through the first request, for example, the storage function network element obtains the collection delay of the first data of the data analysis network element, and the data analysis result of the first data.
  • the inference delay, the transmission delay of the data analysis result, and the storage function network element can determine the data analysis network through the collection delay of the first data, the inference delay of the data analysis result of the first data, and the transmission delay of the data analysis result.
  • the storage function network element obtains the indication information of the data analysis network element, the indication information is used to instruct the data analysis network element to support the analysis of the first data within the specified delay, for example, the indication information indicates that the data analysis network element supports real-time data analysis, or the indication information indicates that the data analysis network element supports semi-real-time data analysis.
  • the storage function network element determines that each data analysis network element supports data analysis within the specified delay through the indication information provided by each data analysis network element, so that when the consumer network function network element requests the data analysis network element, it can be sent to the data analysis network element.
  • the consumer network function network element returns the data analysis network element that meets the specific delay requirement.
  • the storage function network element stores the delay information and/or indication information of the data analysis network element. For example, the storage function network element registers the data analysis network element in the storage function network element.
  • the storage function network element sends a first response to the data analysis network element, where the first response is used to indicate to the data analysis network element the delay information and/or the successful storage of the information.
  • the data analysis network element receives a first response from the storage function network element, where the first response is used to indicate to the data analysis network element the delay information and/or the successful storage of the information.
  • the storage function network element sends a first response to the data analysis network element after storing the first data, so that the data analysis network element can determine the delay information and/or indicate that the information is successfully stored to the storage function according to the first response. in the network element.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a communication method, and the communication method has the same parts as the embodiment of FIG. 2 .
  • the method can include:
  • the data analysis network element sends a second request to the first network function network element, where the second request is used to request the first data.
  • the data analysis network element may send a second request to the first network function network element to request the first network function network element to send the first data.
  • the first network function network element receives a second request from the data analysis network element.
  • the first data is stored in the first network function network element.
  • the first network function network element sends a second response to the data analysis network element.
  • the data analysis network element receives a second response sent by the first network function network element, where the second response includes: the first data and the first transmission start time of the first data, and the first transmission start time is the first network function The start time for the network element to transmit the first data.
  • the data analysis network element determines the collection delay of the first data according to the first transmission start time of the first data and the first transmission end time of the first data, and the first transmission end time is when the data analysis network element sends the data from the first network The time when the functional network element receives the first data.
  • the collection delay of the first data may be equal to the first transmission end time of the first data minus the first transmission start time of the first data.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a communication method.
  • the communication method is the same as that of the embodiment in FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 .
  • the method can include:
  • the data analysis network element sends a third request to the first network function network element, where the third request is used to request the first data.
  • the data analysis network element may send a third request to the first network function network element to request the first network function network element to send the first data.
  • the first network function network element receives a third request from the data analysis network element.
  • the first network function network element sends a third response to the data analysis network element.
  • the data analysis network element receives a third response sent by the first network function network element, where the third response includes: the first data, the second transmission start time of the first data, and the first preparation delay of the first data; 2.
  • the transmission start time is the start time for the first network function network element to transmit the first data
  • the first preparation delay is the time taken for the first network function network element to prepare the first data.
  • the first preparation delay is the time taken for the first network function network element to prepare the first data
  • the third response includes the first preparation time. time delay.
  • the first network function network element may be a database device.
  • the first preparation delay of the first data includes the query delay of the first data
  • the query delay of the first data is the first network function network element according to the second request. The time taken to query to obtain the first data.
  • the database device takes a certain time for the database device to query the database device according to the second request, and the first preparation delay of the first data is equal to the query delay of the first data.
  • the data analysis network element determines the first transmission delay of the first data according to the second transmission start time of the first data and the second transmission end time of the first data, and the second transmission end time is the data analysis network element from the second transmission end time. The time when a network function network element has received the first data.
  • the transmission delay of the first data is equal to the first transmission end time of the first data minus the first transmission start time of the first data.
  • the data analysis network element determines the collection delay of the first data according to the first transmission delay of the first data and the first preparation delay of the first data.
  • the data analysis network element determines the collection delay of the first data according to the first transmission delay of the first data and the first preparation delay of the first data. For example, the collection delay of the first data is equal to the first delay of the first data. The transmission delay is added to the first preparation delay of the first data. Therefore, the data analysis network element can accurately obtain the collection delay of the first data.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a communication method.
  • the communication method is the same as that of the embodiment in FIG. 2-FIG. 4.
  • the method can include:
  • the data analysis network element sends a third request to the first network function network element, where the third request is used to request the first data;
  • the first network function network element receives a third request from the data analysis network element.
  • the first network function network element sends a fourth request to the second network function network element, where the fourth request is used to request the first data.
  • the second network function network element receives a fourth request from the first network function network element.
  • the second network function network element sends a fourth response to the first network function network element, where the fourth response includes: the first data and the third transmission start time.
  • the first network function network element receives a fourth response.
  • the first network function network element is the first network function network element.
  • the first preparation delay is obtained by the first network function network element according to the third transmission start time of the first data and the third transmission end time of the first data;
  • the first network function network element is used to send a fourth request to the second network function network element, and the fourth request is used to request the first data;
  • the second network function network element is configured to send a fourth response to the first network function network element, where the fourth response includes: the first data and the third transmission start time;
  • the third transmission start time is the start time of the second network function network element transmitting the first data
  • the third transmission end time is the time when the first network function network element completely receives the first data from the second network function network element.
  • the first network function network element sends a third response to the data analysis network element.
  • the data analysis network element receives a third response sent by the first network function network element, where the third response includes: the first data, the second transmission start time of the first data, and the first preparation delay of the first data; 2.
  • the transmission start time is the start time for the first network function network element to transmit the first data
  • the first preparation delay is the time taken for the first network function network element to prepare the first data.
  • the data analysis network element determines the first transmission delay of the first data according to the second transmission start time of the first data and the second transmission end time of the first data, and the second transmission end time is the data analysis network element from the second transmission end time. The time when a network function network element has received the first data.
  • the first transmission delay of the first data is equal to the second transmission end time of the first data minus the second transmission start time of the first data.
  • the data analysis network element determines the collection delay of the first data according to the first transmission delay of the first data and the first preparation delay of the first data.
  • the collection delay of the first data is equal to the first preparation delay of the first data plus the first transmission delay of the first data.
  • the first preparation delay is the time taken for the first network function network element to prepare the first data
  • the third response includes the first preparation delay
  • the data analysis network element according to the first data A transmission delay and a first preparation delay of the first data determine the collection delay of the first data, so that the data analysis network element can accurately obtain the collection delay of the first data.
  • the communication method provided by the embodiment of the present application has the same parts as the embodiment of FIG. 2 to FIG. 5 .
  • the method can include:
  • the data analysis network element sends a third request to the first network function network element, where the third request is used to request the first data.
  • the first network function network element receives a third request from the data analysis network element.
  • the first network function network element sends a fifth request to the second network function network element, and the fourth request is used to request the first data.
  • the second network function network element receives the fifth request from the first network function network element.
  • the second network function network element sends a fifth response to the first network function network element, where the fifth response includes the first data, the fourth transmission start time, and the second preparation delay of the first data.
  • the first network function network element receives a fifth response.
  • the first network function network element may be a database device.
  • the first preparation delay is determined by the first network function network element according to the fourth transmission start time of the first data, the fourth transmission end time of the first data, and the The second preparation delay is obtained.
  • the first preparation delay is equal to the fourth transmission end time of the first data minus the fourth transmission start time of the first data, plus the second preparation delay of the first data.
  • the first network function network element is used to send a fifth request to the second network function network element, and the fifth request is used to request the first data;
  • the second network function network element is configured to send a fifth response to the first network function network element, where the fifth response includes: the first data, the fourth transmission start time, and the second preparation delay of the first data;
  • the fourth transmission start time is the start time for the second network function network element to transmit the first data
  • the fourth transmission end time is the time when the first network function network element receives the first data from the second network function network element
  • the second preparation delay is the time period occupied by the second network function network element to determine the first data.
  • the first network function network element sends a third response to the data analysis network element.
  • the data analysis network element receives a third response sent by the first network function network element, where the third response includes: the first data, the second transmission start time of the first data, and the first preparation delay of the first data; 2.
  • the transmission start time is the start time for the first network function network element to transmit the first data, and the first preparation delay is determined by the first network function network element according to the fourth transmission start time of the first data, the first data
  • the fourth transmission end time of , and the second preparation delay of the first data are obtained.
  • the data analysis network element determines the first transmission delay of the first data according to the second transmission start time of the first data and the second transmission end time of the first data, and the second transmission end time is the data analysis network element from the second transmission end time. The time when a network function network element has received the first data.
  • the first transmission delay of the first data is equal to the second transmission end time of the first data minus the second transmission start time of the first data.
  • the data analysis network element determines the collection delay of the first data according to the first transmission delay of the first data and the first preparation delay of the first data.
  • the collection delay of the first data is equal to the first preparation delay of the first data plus the first transmission delay of the first data.
  • the first network function network element may request the first data from the second network function network element, and when the second network function network element prepares the preparation of the first data If the delay is the second preparation delay, the first preparation delay obtained by the first network function network element includes the second preparation delay, and finally the data analysis network element is based on the first transmission delay of the first data and the first data.
  • the first preparation delay of determines the collection delay of the first data. The problem that the data analysis network element cannot determine the collection delay of the first data is solved. This enables the network element using the data analysis result to predict in advance the delay requirement that the data analysis network element can meet.
  • the communication method provided by the embodiment of the present application has the same parts as the embodiment of FIG. 2 to FIG. 6 .
  • the method can include:
  • the third network function network element sends a sixth request to the data analysis network element.
  • the data analysis network element receives a sixth request sent by the third network function network element, where the sixth request is used to request a data analysis result;
  • the data analysis network element sends a sixth response to the third network function network element, where the sixth response includes: a data analysis result;
  • the data analysis network element determines the transmission delay of the data analysis result according to the sixth response.
  • the third network function network element is the network element requesting the data analysis result, for example, the third network function network element is the Consumer NF network element. For example, when the third network function network element needs to obtain the data analysis result, the third network function network element sends the sixth request to the data analysis network element.
  • the data analysis network element determines the transmission delay of the data analysis result according to the sixth response, including:
  • the data analysis network element receives the transmission end time of the data analysis result sent by the third network function network element, and the transmission end time of the data analysis result is the time when the third network function network element finishes sending the data analysis result;
  • the data analysis network element determines the transmission delay of the data analysis result according to the transmission start time of the data analysis result and the transmission end time of the data analysis result.
  • the transmission start time of the data analysis result is the start time when the data analysis network element sends the data analysis result. time.
  • the data analysis network element obtains the transmission end time of the data analysis result from the third network function network element, and then the data analysis network element obtains the transmission delay of the data analysis result by itself. For example, the transmission delay of the data analysis result is equal to the data analysis result.
  • the transmission end time of the analysis result is subtracted from the transmission start time of the data analysis network element according to the data analysis result. It solves the problem that the data analysis network element cannot determine the transmission delay of the data analysis result.
  • the data analysis network element determines the transmission delay of the data analysis result according to the sixth response, including:
  • the transmission delay of the data analysis network element receiving the data analysis result sent by the third network function network element wherein the transmission delay of the data analysis result is determined by the third network function network element according to the transmission start time of the data analysis result and the data analysis result.
  • the transmission end time of the data analysis result is determined, and the transmission end time of the data analysis result is the time when the third network function network element finishes sending the data analysis result.
  • the data analysis network element may send the transmission start time of the data analysis result to the third network function network element, and then the third network function network element obtains the transmission delay of the data analysis result by itself, for example, the transmission time of the data analysis result
  • the delay is equal to the transmission end time of the data analysis result minus the transmission start time of the data analysis network element according to the data analysis result.
  • the transmission delay of the data analysis network element receiving the data analysis result sent by the third network function network element solves the problem that the data analysis network element cannot determine the transmission delay of the data analysis result.
  • the communication method has the same parts as the embodiment of FIG. 2 to FIG. 7 .
  • the method can include:
  • the fourth network function network element sends a seventh request to the storage function network element, where the seventh request is used to request the data analysis network element.
  • the fourth network function network element needs to determine which data analysis network element to request for the data analysis result, and the fourth network function network element sends a seventh request to the storage function network element.
  • the storage function network element receives a seventh request from the fourth network function network element, where the seventh request is used to request the data analysis network element.
  • the storage function network element sends a seventh response to the fourth network function network element, where the seventh response includes: one or more data analysis network elements.
  • the storage function network element is pre-registered with multiple data analysis network elements. After the storage function network element receives the seventh request, the storage function network element may generate a seventh response, and the seventh response includes one or more data analysis network elements.
  • the data analysis network element in the seventh response is the data analysis network element returned by the storage function network element to the fourth network function network element.
  • the fourth network function network element receives a seventh response sent by the storage function network element, where the seventh response includes: one or more data analysis network elements, and the one or more data analysis network elements respectively correspond to the delay information.
  • the fourth network function network element receives the seventh response, and the fourth network function network element obtains one or more data analysis network elements in the seventh response, and the one or more data analysis network elements respectively correspond to the time delay information
  • the seventh response may include time delay information corresponding to one or more data analysis network elements respectively, or the seventh response may include one or more data analysis network elements that support data analysis within a specified time delay.
  • the seventh request includes: a data analysis delay requirement of the fourth network function network element
  • the storage function network element sends a seventh response to the fourth network function network element, including:
  • the storage function network element determines one or more data analysis network elements that meet the data analysis delay requirement according to the delay information corresponding to the data analysis network element;
  • the storage function network element sends a seventh response to the fourth network function network element, where the seventh response includes: one or more data analysis network elements that meet the data analysis delay requirement.
  • the storage function network element obtains the data analysis delay requirement of the fourth network function network element, and the storage function network element stores the delay information corresponding to each data analysis network element in advance. Therefore, the storage function network element can analyze the data according to the data analysis network element.
  • the delay requirement is to filter the delay information corresponding to each data analysis network element to determine one or more data analysis network elements that meet the data analysis delay requirement, and the storage function network element sends a seventh response to the fourth network function network element , the seventh response carries one or more data analysis network elements that meet the data analysis delay requirement, so that the fourth network function network element determines one or more data analysis network elements that meet the data analysis delay requirement.
  • the storage function network element sends a seventh response to the fourth network function network element, including:
  • the storage function network element determines one or more data analysis network elements that support data analysis within the specified time delay
  • the storage function network element sends a seventh response to the fourth network function network element, where the seventh response includes: one or more data analysis network elements that support data analysis within a specified time delay.
  • the storage function network element obtains one or more data analysis network elements that support data analysis within the specified time delay, and the storage function network element sends a seventh response to the fourth network function network element, where the seventh response includes: One or more data analysis network elements that perform data analysis within the specified delay, so that the fourth network function network element determines one or more data analysis network elements that support data analysis within the specified delay time, and then the fourth network function network element determines one or more data analysis network elements that support data analysis within the specified delay The network element determines the target data analysis network element.
  • the fourth network function network element determines, from one or more data analysis network elements, a target data analysis network element that meets the data analysis delay requirement of the fourth network function network element.
  • the fourth network function network element may preset a data analysis delay requirement of the fourth network function network element, and then determine the target from one or more data analysis network elements in the seventh response according to the data analysis delay requirement
  • the data analysis network element, the target data analysis network element is the data analysis network element that requests the data analysis result from the fourth network function network element, and then the fourth network function network element can communicate with the target data analysis network element, and the target data analysis network element
  • the delay information of the network element meets the data analysis delay requirement of the network element of the fourth network function.
  • the fourth network function network element determines, from one or more data analysis network elements, a target data analysis network element that meets the data analysis delay requirement of the fourth network function network element, including:
  • the fourth network function network element determines delay information corresponding to one or more data analysis network elements from the seventh response
  • the fourth network function network element determines the target data analysis network element according to the delay information corresponding to the one or more data analysis network elements and the data analysis delay requirement respectively.
  • the fourth network function network element can obtain the delay information corresponding to each data analysis network element, and can filter the delay information corresponding to each data analysis network element according to the data analysis delay requirements, and determine the data analysis The target data analysis network element required by the delay.
  • the fourth network function network element determines the target data analysis network element according to the seventh response, including:
  • the fourth network function network element sends data analysis delay requirements to one or more data analysis network elements respectively;
  • the fourth network function network element receives a delay matching result sent by at least one data analysis network element that meets the data analysis delay requirement;
  • the fourth network function network element determines the target data analysis network element from the at least one data analysis network element that sends the delay matching result.
  • the fourth network function network element can send data analysis delay requirements to each data analysis network element respectively, and each data analysis network element can match the data analysis delay requirements and its own delay information to meet the data analysis delay requirements. At least one data analysis network element required to analyze the delay sends the delay matching result to the fourth network function network element, the fourth network function network element determines at least one data analysis network element that sends the delay matching result, and then the fourth network function network element determines the at least one data analysis network element that sends the delay matching result. The network element determines the target data analysis network element.
  • a schematic diagram of a system architecture used in the communication method provided by the embodiment of the present application may include: a user database (user data repository, UDR), a NEF network element, an NWDAF network element, AF network element, PCF network element, NRF network element, operation, administration and maintenance (OAM), AMF network element, SMF network element, UPF network element, RAN equipment and UE.
  • the NWDAF may be the aforementioned data analysis network element, and the NWDAF is used to determine the delay information.
  • the delay information may also be called the analysis delay.
  • the analysis delay includes one or more of the following delays: data preparation delay, Data transmission delay, inference delay, and analysis result transmission delay.
  • the NWDAF is used to send a request 1 to the NRF, and the request 1 is used to register the NWDAF with the NRF.
  • the NWDAF registers the capability information (for example, the information included in request 1) supported by the NWDAF on the NRF, and the request 1 includes one or more of the following information: analysis delay, identification of analysis results, support for real-time or semi- Instructions for real-time data analysis.
  • real-time or semi-real-time is related to delay.
  • real-time data analysis means that a request can be analyzed immediately and a response can be obtained
  • semi-real-time data analysis means that after a request is made, a response will be made after a period of time (such as five minutes).
  • the NRF stores the analysis delay in request 1, or the indication information that supports real-time or semi-real-time data analysis, and then NRF sends response 1 to NWDAF, which is used to receive response 1 from NRF, and response 1 is used to instruct NWDAF to register the analysis delay information success.
  • the NRF can be the aforementioned storage function network element.
  • the NRF is used to receive request 1 from the NWDAF, and the request 1 is used to register with the NWDAF.
  • the request 1 includes analysis delay, identification of the analysis result, and indication information supporting real-time or semi-real-time data analysis.
  • the NRF is used to send a response 1 to the NWDAF, and the response 1 is used to indicate that the NWDAF has successfully registered the analysis delay information.
  • the NRF is also used to receive request 2 from the Consumer NF.
  • Request 2 is used to request NWDAF.
  • Request 2 includes analysis delay requirements and an analysis result identifier (Analytics ID).
  • the analysis result identifier can also be called an analysis identifier, which is used to indicate NRF returns data analysis results that support this Analytics ID type.
  • the NRF is used to send response 2 to the Consumer NF, and the response 2 includes one or more NWDAFs.
  • the Consumer NF may be the aforementioned fourth network function network element, for example, the Consumer NF directly negotiates with the NRF to determine an NWDAF that meets the delay requirement.
  • Consumer NF is used to send request 2 to NRF, request 2 is used to request NWDAF, and request 2 includes analysis delay requirements and the identification of the analysis result;
  • Consumer NF is used to receive response 2 from NRF, and response 2 includes one or more NWDAFs;
  • the Consumer NF is used to select an NWDAF that meets the requirements from one or more NWDAFs. For example, if one or more NWDAFs included in response 2 meet the conditions, the Consumer NF can randomly select an NWDAF, and then request the data analysis result from the selected NWDAF.
  • the Consumer NF first queries the NRF to obtain an NWDAF that supports real-time data analysis, and then negotiates with the NWDAF for a sufficient delay.
  • Consumer NF sends request 3 to NRF, and request 3 is used to request one or more NWDAFs.
  • Request 3 includes indication information that supports real-time data analysis and the identification of the analysis result;
  • Consumer NF receives response 3 from NRF, and response 3 includes one or Multiple NWDAFs;
  • Consumer NF sends analysis delay requirements to each NWDAF, confirms whether the analysis delay requirements are met from the NWDAF, and finally selects a suitable NWDAF from the NWDAFs that meet the requirements, and requests the NWDAF for data analysis results.
  • NWDAF can directly collect data from NF (for example, NF can be AMF, SMF, UPF, or AF), but in the case of multiple NWDAF deployments, if different NWDAFs request the same data, then NF needs to These NWDAF branches provide the same piece of data, causing the problem of data transmission pressure on NF.
  • NF can be AMF, SMF, UPF, or AF
  • NWDAF1 and NWDAF2 can request data from DCCF, and when the data is not stored in DCCF, DCCF can request data from NF-A and NFB.
  • NF-A may include NF-A instance 1, NF-A instance 2
  • NF-B may include NF-B instance 1 and NF-B instance 2
  • NWDAF1 may include NWDAF1 instance 1
  • NWDAF1 instance 2 NWDAF2 may include NWDAF instance 1 and NWDAF instance 2.
  • the DCCF network element may be the aforementioned first network function network element.
  • the NWDAF first requests data from the DCCF. If the data to be requested by the NWDAF is not stored in the DCCF local database, the DCCF will further Request the data from the NF, and then the DCCF sends the data to the NWDAF; if it is determined through the database query that the data to be requested by the NWDAF has been saved in the DCCF local database, the DCCF copies a copy of the data and directly returns the data to the NWDAF. For example, suppose NWDAF 1 is the first to request a piece of data from DCCF.
  • DCCF After DCCF obtains this part of data, in addition to sending this data to NWDAF1, this data will also exist in the local database; then NWDAF 2 also requests the same from DCCF. data, then the DCCF local database has already stored this data, so the DCCF does not need to request the NF, and can directly retrieve it from the DCCF local database and send it to NWDAF 2. If one or more other NWDAFs request the data from the DCCF at this time, the DCCF only needs to copy the data and send the data to one or more NWDAFs without collecting the data from the NF. In this way, it can be ensured that the NF only needs to provide one piece of data to the DCCF, and the data transmission pressure of the NF is greatly reduced.
  • NWDAF that supports real-time data analysis triggers data analysis for the analysis ID (Analytics ID).
  • the triggering condition for triggering data analysis can be that NWDAF obtains the model from the training platform and deploys the model locally.
  • the model refers to a machine learning model, such as a service experience model (service experience model or service mean opinion score (MOS) model), which can characterize service experience and network parameters (QoS flow bit rate or QoS flow latency)
  • service experience model service experience model or service mean opinion score (MOS) model
  • NWDAF uses the above model and knows the network parameter value of a certain service flow, so that the service experience can be evaluated.
  • NWDAFs there can be one or more NWDAFs that support the analysis of the same Analytics ID.
  • Different NWDAFs support different hardware capabilities and NWDAF deployment locations, so the delay from data collection to inference data analysis results for the Analytics ID is different. Therefore, there is a subsequent problem of NWDAF selection based on data analysis delay requirements.
  • the hardware capabilities supported by NWDAF mainly affect the inference delay of data analysis results, and the deployment location of NWDAF can affect the inference data collection delay.
  • NWDAF determines the training data or inference data collection delay corresponding to the Analytics ID.
  • S01a.NWDAF triggers the NF event capability open subscription service Nnf_EventExposure_Subscribe to the NF, and initiates a data subscription to the NF, wherein the service includes an event ID (Event ID) to indicate the type of data to be subscribed to.
  • Event ID an event ID
  • NF records the preparation delay of sample data (data preparation time), and determines the start time of sending sample data to NWDAF, that is, the start time for data transfer.
  • NF triggers the NF event capability exposure notification service Nnf_EventExposure_Notify to NWDAF, and sends the collected data to NWDAF.
  • the service includes collected data, data preparation delay and data transmission start time.
  • S02.NWDAF determines the data analysis delay supported by Analytics ID.
  • NWDAF first determines the inference delay, that is, the delay in which NWDAF generates inference results according to the inference data input into the model, and generates data analysis results.
  • NWDAF triggers the NRF network element registration request/response service Nnrf_NFManagement_NFRegister_Request/Rsp to the NRF, and registers the data analysis delay supported by the Analytics ID to the NRF.
  • the service includes the address of NWDAF, the data analysis identifier Analytics ID, and the corresponding data analysis delay (supported analytics delay).
  • the data analysis delay may be included in a Real-time communication capability information (Real-time communication capability information) element.
  • NRF can connect N NWDAFs, namely NWDAF1 located in area 1, NWDAF2 located in area 2, ..., NWDAFN located in area N, and the Analytics ID of each NWDAF is equal to the service (service) ) mean opinion score (MOS).
  • Each NWDAF includes a certain number of GPUs, and each NWDAF is connected to NFs in the 5G core network.
  • NWDAF1 is connected to 5GC NF1
  • NWDAF2 is connected to 5GC NF2
  • NWDAF N is connected to 5GC NFN.
  • NWDAF data analysis delays that support the analysis of the same Analytics ID can be the same or different, depending on the region where the NWDAF is located, the network topology, and the hardware capabilities supported by the NWDAF.
  • the area of NWDAF 1 is tracking area (TA) 1-TA 10
  • the number of GPUs of NWDAF 1 is 3
  • the area of NWDAF 2 is TA5-
  • the number of GPUs for NWDAF 2 is 5
  • the area for NWDAF 3 is TA1-TA 10
  • the number of GPUs for NWDAF 3 is 5.
  • NWDAF 1 and NWDAF 2 have overlapping areas (tracking area (TA) 5-TA 10), which means that in this overlapping area, both NWDAF 1 and NWDAF 2 can provide service MOS, and 5 GPUs are better than 3 GPUs.
  • NWDAF 2 There are more and more parallel computing capabilities, so the hardware capability in NWDAF 2 is stronger, and the delay in inference generating service MOS is shorter. Therefore, assuming that the UE needs to request service MOS in this overlapping area, it is more appropriate to select NWDAF 2.
  • the NWDAF closest to the location where the UE requests the service MOS can be selected for data analysis, because the delay for the NWDAF to collect data is shortened.
  • the Consumer NF wants to obtain the data analysis result corresponding to the Analytics ID, it first determines the delay requirement for generating the data analysis result (expected analytics delay (or analytics delay Requirement or Desired analytics delay)), and then the Consumer NF triggers the NRF network of the NRF.
  • the meta discovery request/response service Nnrf_NFDiscovery_Request/Rsp requests the NRF to obtain one or more NWDAF addresses that meet the delay requirement.
  • the Consumer NF selects an NWDAF among them as the target NWDAF for subsequent requests for data analysis results.
  • the Consumer NF triggers the NWDAF data analysis result subscription service Nnwdaf_AnalyticsSubscription_Subscribe to NWDAF, and subscribes the data analysis result corresponding to the Analytics ID to NWDAF.
  • the Consumer NF indicates the NWDAF data analysis delay requirement in the service, so that the NWDAF timely feeds back the data analysis result according to the data analysis delay requirement.
  • S06a.NWDAF triggers the NF network element event capability open subscription service Nnf_EventExposure_Subscribe to the NF, which is used to collect inference data. NWDAF may indicate the NF data collection delay requirement (expected data collection delay) in the service.
  • NF triggers the NF network element event capability opening notification service Nnf_EventExposure_Notify(Collected data) to NWDAF. NF collects the data in time according to the data collection delay requirements, and reports the inference data.
  • NWDAF triggers the NWDAF data analysis result subscription notification service Nnwdaf_AnalyticsSubscription_Notify to the Consumer NF, and provides the Consumer NF with the data analysis result corresponding to the Analytics ID.
  • NWDAF determines the Real-time communication capability information, and clarifies the interaction between the Consumer NF and the NRF, so as to find a suitable solution that supports real-time data analysis. NWDAF.
  • the NF needs to record the sample data preparation delay and the start time of the data transmission.
  • the NWDAF needs to record the end time of the data transmission, calculate the data transmission delay, and then determine the supported data analysis delay.
  • the NWDAF is registered with the NRF, and the Consumer NF searches for the NWDAF that meets the requirements through the NRF according to the requirements of the data analysis delay.
  • the NWDAF triggers the NRF network element registration request/response service Nnrf_NFManagement_NFRegister_Request/Rsp to the NRF.
  • the NWDAF in the process of registering with the NRF, the NWDAF only instructs the NRF that the NWDAF supports data analysis within the specified delay for a certain Analytics ID, but does not inform the NRF of the specific analysis delay (supported analytics delay) .
  • the specified delay can be a delay threshold or a delay interval configured inside NWDAF, such as greater than or equal to the data analysis delay X, or less than or equal to the data analysis delay Y, only when the delay threshold or delay interval is met, Only the NWDAF will send the indication information to the NRF.
  • the Consumer NF triggers the NRF network element discovery request/response service Nnrf_NFDiscovery_Request/Rsp to the NRF.
  • Consumer NF instructs NRF to return one or more NWDAFs that support real-time data analysis for Analytics ID through indication information (Support of real-time communication capability indicator).
  • the Consumer NF sends the Analytics delay negotiation Request to the NWDAF, and receives the negotiation result sent by the NWDAF.
  • the Consumer NF negotiates with one or more NWDAFs from the NRF through the data analysis delay requirement (expected analytics delay) whether the data analysis delay requirement can be met, and the NWDAF determines whether the NWDAF can meet the data analysis delay requirement by comparing the supported analytics delay and the expected analytics delay. Meet the delay requirements of Consumer NF. If the supported analytics delay is less than or equal to the expected analytics delay, the delay requirements of Consumer NF are met; otherwise, the delay requirements of Consumer NF are not met, and Consumer NF is notified. The Consumer NF selects an NWDAF from among the NWDAFs that can meet the delay requirement, as the target NWDAF for subsequent requests for data analysis results.
  • expected analytics delay expected analytics delay
  • the Consumer NF can request the supported analytics delay corresponding to the Analytics ID in step S15, and then compare the supported analytics delay with the expected analytics delay to determine whether the NWDAF can meet the delay requirement, and if so , as the target NWDAF from which data analysis results are subsequently requested.
  • the Consumer NF may continue to negotiate with the NWDAF to analyze whether the delay requirement is met, so that the Consumer NF may determine the target NWDAF that meets the delay requirement.
  • Embodiments 1 and 2 are integrated within the NWDAF based on data management.
  • Embodiment 3 for the deployment of multiple NWDAFs, DCCF is introduced to assist in efficiently collecting data.
  • S21.NWDA conducts training data collection, mainly including:
  • NWDAF triggers the DCCF event capability exposure subscription service Ndccf_EventExposure_Subscribe to the DCCF, and requests data from the DCCF.
  • the DCCF triggers the NF event capability opening subscription/notification service Nnf_EventExposure_Subscribe/Nnf_EventExposure_Notify to the NF, and requests data from the NF. Then, the NF triggers the NF event capability opening notification service Nnf_EventExposure_Notify of the DCCF, and sends data to the DCCF, where the service includes the collected data (collected data), the data preparation delay on the NF (data preparation delay), the data from Start time for data transfer from NF to DCCF.
  • S21c.DCCF triggers the Ndccf event capability exposure notification service Ndccf_EventExposure_Notify to the NWDAF, and sends the collected data to the NWDAF.
  • the service includes collected data (collected data), DCCF local data query delay (query delay), start time for data transfer from DCCF to NWDAF (start time for data transfer from DCCF), data preparation on NF Delay (data preparation delay), data transfer delay between NF and DCCF (data transfer delay between NF and DCCF).
  • S21d.NWDAF determines the data collection delay, which includes data preparation delay, data transmission delay (NF->DCCF, DCCF->NWDAF), and database query delay.
  • NF->DCCF represents the transmission delay from NF to DCCF
  • DCCF->NWDAF represents the transmission delay from DCCF to NWDAF.
  • S22.NWDAF determines the data analysis delay, and the data analysis delay includes the data collection delay and the inference delay.
  • DCCF DCCF to store data
  • the requested data can be directly returned by querying the local database.
  • the DCCF will first trigger a data collection request to the NF (data provider), and after the requested data is obtained, it will be sent to the NWDAF.
  • the third embodiment mainly introduces the DCCF and the database mechanism between the NWDAF and the data provider NF, but the database is not reflected in the network. It can be considered that the database and the DCCF are jointly established, so the data query delay will be introduced. , if the NWDAF requests the data corresponding to the Event ID from the DCCF. If the database on the DCCF side already has data, then the DCCF only needs to copy and respond to the data, only the newly introduced DCCF local data query delay plus the transmission delay between DCCF and NWDAF, but there will be no data preparation delay. At this time, the data collection delay is: ⁇ data query delay + data transmission delay between DCCF and NWDAF ⁇ , where the data query delay is the delay caused by DCCF local database query.
  • the data preparation delay of the NF and the data transmission delay between the DCCF and the NF will also be introduced.
  • the data collection delay is:
  • the data preparation delay is the delay of collecting data locally by NF.
  • the reasoning delay and other steps for determining the analysis result are the same as those in the first embodiment.
  • DCCF including local database
  • the training platform publishes the model on NWDAF, and NWDAF determines the analysis delay supported by the Analytics ID.
  • the analysis delay includes data preparation delay, data transmission delay, and inference time generated by data analysis results. extension.
  • NWDAF registers the analysis delays it supports with NRF for the Analytics ID.
  • the Consumer NF queries the NRF for the NWDAF that meets the analysis delay requirements according to the Analytics ID and analysis delay requirements, and requests the data analysis result corresponding to the Analytics ID.
  • NWDAF can evaluate the analysis delay that can be satisfied for a certain Analytics ID, and assist the Consumer NF to find an appropriate NWDAF to obtain data analysis results in real-time or semi-real-time as needed.
  • a data analysis network element 1500 provided in this embodiment of the present application may include: a sending module 1501 and a receiving module 1502, wherein:
  • a sending module configured to send a first request to the storage function network element, wherein the first request includes: delay information and/or indication information, and the delay information includes one or more of the following information: first The data collection delay, the inference delay of the data analysis result of the first data, and the transmission delay of the data analysis result, wherein the indication information is used to indicate that the data analysis network element supports the specified delay perform data analysis in the storage; the first request is used to store the delay information and/or the indication information in the storage function network element;
  • a receiving module configured to receive a first response from the storage function network element, where the first response is used to indicate to the data analysis network element that the delay information and/or the indication information is successfully stored.
  • the data analysis network element 1500 may further include: a processing module 1503, the processing module 1503 can control the sending module 1501 to perform a sending action, and the processing module 1503 can control the receiving module 1502 to perform a receiving action.
  • the processing module 1503 is configured to perform the data processing operation of the data analysis network element in the above method embodiments.
  • the sending module 1501 is configured to perform the data sending operation of the data analysis network element in the above method embodiments
  • the receiving module 1502 is configured to perform the data receiving operation of the data analysis network element in the above method embodiments.
  • the data analysis network element sends the first request to the storage function network element, where the first request includes: delay information and/or indication information, and the delay information includes one or more of the following information A: the collection delay of the first data, the inference delay of the data analysis result of the first data, the transmission delay of the data analysis result; the indication information is used to instruct the data analysis network element to support data analysis within the specified delay; A request is used to store the delay information and/or indication information in the storage function network element, the data analysis network element receives the first response from the storage function network element, and the first response is used to indicate the delay information and/or the data analysis network element to the data analysis network element. / or indicates that the information was stored successfully.
  • the delay information may include one or more of the following information: the collection delay of the first data, the reasoning of the data analysis result of the first data The delay, the transmission delay of the data analysis result, or the first request includes indication information, which indicates that the data analysis network element supports data analysis within the specified delay, so the storage function network element can
  • the request information stores the delay information and/or the indication information in the storage function network element, so that the data analysis network element determines the delay of the data analysis, so that the network element using the data analysis result can predict in advance that the data analysis network element can meet the requirements. delay requirements.
  • a storage function network element 1600 provided by an embodiment of the present application may include: a sending module 1601 and a receiving module 1602, wherein:
  • a receiving module configured to receive a first request from a data analysis network element, wherein the first request includes: delay information and/or indication information, and the delay information includes one or more of the following information: A data collection delay, an inference delay of the data analysis result of the first data, and a transmission delay of the data analysis result, wherein the indication information is used to indicate that the data analysis network element supports the specified time analyzing the first data within the delay; the first request is used to store the delay information and/or the indication information in the storage function network element;
  • a sending module configured to send a first response to the data analysis network element, where the first response is used to indicate to the data analysis network element that the delay information and/or the indication information is successfully stored.
  • the storage function network element 1600 may further include: a processing module 1603, the processing module 1603 can control the sending module 1601 to perform a sending action, and the processing module 1603 can control the receiving module 1602 to perform a receiving action.
  • the processing module 1603 is configured to perform the data processing operation of the storage function network element 1600 in the above method embodiments.
  • the sending module 1601 is configured to perform the data sending operation of the storage function network element 1600 in the above method embodiments
  • the receiving module 1602 is configured to perform the data receiving operation of the storage function network element in the above method embodiments.
  • the storage function network element receives the first request from the data analysis network element, where the first request includes: delay information and/or indication information, and the delay information includes one of the following information or Multiple: the collection delay of the first data, the inference delay of the data analysis result of the first data, the transmission delay of the data analysis result; the indication information is used to instruct the data analysis network element to support the analysis of the first data within the specified delay Perform analysis; the first request is used to store the delay information and/or indication information in the storage function network element; the storage function network element sends a first response to the data analysis network element according to the first request, wherein the first response is used for Indicates the delay information and/or indicates that the information is stored successfully to the data analysis network element.
  • the storage function network element can receive the first request from the data analysis network element, the storage function network element can obtain the delay information of the storage function network element, so that the storage function network element can determine one or more of the following information : the collection delay of the first data, the inference delay of the data analysis result of the first data, and the transmission delay of the data analysis result. Or the storage function network element can obtain the indication information of the storage function network element, so that the storage function network element can determine that the data analysis network element supports the analysis of the first data within the specified delay, so the storage function network element can obtain the data analysis
  • the data analysis delay of the network element enables the network element using the data analysis result to predict in advance the delay requirement that the data analysis network element can meet.
  • a fourth network function network element 1700 provided by an embodiment of the present application may include: a sending module 1701, a receiving module 1702, and a processing module 1703, wherein:
  • a processing module configured to send a seventh request to the storage function network element, where the seventh request is used to request the data analysis network element;
  • the processing module is configured to receive a seventh response sent by the storage function network element, where the seventh response includes: one or more data analysis network elements, and the one or more data analysis network elements respectively correspond to time delays information;
  • the processing module is configured to determine, from the one or more data analysis network elements, a target data analysis network element that meets the data analysis delay requirement of the fourth network function network element.
  • the processing module 1703 can control the sending module 1701 to perform a sending action, and the processing module 1703 can control the receiving module 1702 to perform a receiving action.
  • the processing module 1703 is configured to perform the data processing operation of the fourth network function network element 1700 in the above method embodiments.
  • the sending module 1701 is configured to perform the data sending operation of the fourth network function network element 1700 in the above method embodiments
  • the receiving module 1702 is configured to perform the data receiving operation of the fourth network function network element in the above method embodiments.
  • the fourth network function network element sends the seventh request to the storage function network element, and the seventh request is used to request the data analysis network element; the fourth network function network element receives the first request sent by the storage function network element.
  • the seventh response includes: one or more data analysis network elements, one or more data analysis network elements respectively correspond to the time delay information; the fourth network function network element determines from the one or more data analysis network elements that the The target data analysis network element required by the data analysis delay of four network function network elements. Since the fourth network function network element can determine the delay information corresponding to one or more data analysis network elements, the fourth network function network element determines from the one or more data analysis network elements the time delay information that conforms to the fourth network function network element.
  • the target data analysis network element required by the data analysis delay enables the fourth network function network element to communicate with the target data analysis network element, so as to realize the communication of the fourth network function network element under the requirement of data analysis delay.
  • An embodiment of the present application further provides a computer storage medium, wherein the computer storage medium stores a program, and the program executes some or all of the steps described in the foregoing method embodiments.
  • the data analysis network element 1800 includes:
  • the receiver 1801, the transmitter 1802, the processor 1803 and the memory 1804 (wherein the number of the processors 1803 in the data analysis network element 1800 may be one or more, and one processor is taken as an example in FIG. 18).
  • the receiver 1801 , the transmitter 1802 , the processor 1803 and the memory 1804 may be connected by a bus or in other ways, wherein the connection by a bus is taken as an example in FIG. 18 .
  • the receiver 1801 may specifically be a communication interface or an interface circuit sending module 1501
  • the transmitter 1802 may specifically be a communication interface or an interface circuit receiving module 1502.
  • the receiver 1801 and the transmitter 1802 are used for The data analysis network element exchanges information with external network elements.
  • Memory 1804 may include read-only memory and random access memory, and provides instructions and data to processor 1803 .
  • a portion of memory 1804 may also include non-volatile random access memory (NVRAM).
  • NVRAM non-volatile random access memory
  • the memory 1804 stores operating system and operation instructions, executable modules or data structures, or a subset thereof, or an extended set thereof, wherein the operation instructions may include various operation instructions for implementing various operations.
  • the operating system may include various system programs for implementing various basic services and handling hardware-based tasks.
  • the processor 1803 controls the operation of the data analysis network element, and the processor 1803 may also be referred to as a central processing unit (central processing unit, CPU).
  • CPU central processing unit
  • the various components of the data analysis network element are coupled together through a bus system, where the bus system may include a power bus, a control bus, a status signal bus, and the like in addition to the data bus.
  • the bus system may include a power bus, a control bus, a status signal bus, and the like in addition to the data bus.
  • the various buses are referred to as bus systems in the figures.
  • the methods disclosed in the above embodiments of the present application may be applied to the processor 1803 or implemented by the processor 1803 .
  • the processor 1803 may be an integrated circuit chip, which has signal processing capability. In the implementation process, each step of the above-mentioned method can be completed by an integrated logic circuit of hardware in the processor 1803 or an instruction in the form of software.
  • the above-mentioned processor 1803 may be a general-purpose processor, a digital signal processing (DSP), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) or Other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components.
  • DSP digital signal processing
  • ASIC application specific integrated circuit
  • FPGA field-programmable gate array
  • the methods, steps, and logic block diagrams disclosed in the embodiments of this application can be implemented or executed.
  • a general purpose processor may be a microprocessor or the processor may be any conventional processor or the like.
  • the steps of the methods disclosed in conjunction with the embodiments of the present application may be directly embodied as executed by a hardware decoding processor, or executed by a combination of hardware and software modules in the decoding processor.
  • the software module may be located in random access memory, flash memory, read-only memory, programmable read-only memory or electrically erasable programmable memory, registers and other storage media mature in the art.
  • the storage medium is located in the memory 1804, and the processor 1803 reads the information in the memory 1804, and completes the steps of the above method in combination with its hardware.
  • the receiver 1801 can be used to receive input digital or character information, and generate signal input related to the relevant settings and function control of the data analysis network element.
  • the transmitter 1802 can include a display device such as a display screen. Output numeric or character information.
  • the processor 1803 is configured to execute the foregoing communication method performed by the data analysis network element.
  • the processor 1803 may be the processing module 1503 described above.
  • the processor 1803 executes the data in the memory 1804, so that the data analysis network element executes the aforementioned communication method.
  • the storage function network element 1900 includes:
  • the receiver 1901, the transmitter 1902, the processor 1903 and the memory 1904 (wherein the number of the processors 1903 in the storage function network element 1900 can be one or more, and one processor is taken as an example in FIG. 19).
  • the receiver 1901 , the transmitter 1902 , the processor 1903 and the memory 1904 may be connected by a bus or in other ways, wherein the connection by a bus is taken as an example in FIG. 19 .
  • the receiver 1901 may specifically be a communication interface or an interface circuit sending module 1601
  • the transmitter 1902 may specifically be a communication interface or an interface circuit receiving module 1602.
  • the receiver 1901 and the transmitter 1902 are used for The storage function network element exchanges information with external network elements.
  • Memory 1904 may include read-only memory and random access memory, and provides instructions and data to processor 1903 .
  • a portion of memory 1904 may also include NVRAM.
  • the memory 1904 stores operating system and operation instructions, executable modules or data structures, or a subset thereof, or an extended set thereof, wherein the operation instructions may include various operation instructions for implementing various operations.
  • the operating system may include various system programs for implementing various basic services and handling hardware-based tasks.
  • the processor 1903 controls the operation of the storage function network element, and the processor 1903 may also be referred to as a CPU.
  • various components of the storage function network element are coupled together through a bus system, where the bus system may include a power bus, a control bus, a status signal bus, and the like in addition to a data bus.
  • the various buses are referred to as bus systems in the figures.
  • the methods disclosed in the above embodiments of the present application may be applied to the processor 1903 or implemented by the processor 1903 .
  • the processor 1903 may be an integrated circuit chip with signal processing capability. In the implementation process, each step of the above-mentioned method can be completed by an integrated logic circuit of hardware in the processor 1903 or an instruction in the form of software.
  • the above-mentioned processor 1903 may be a general-purpose processor, DSP, ASIC, FPGA or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, and discrete hardware components.
  • the methods, steps, and logic block diagrams disclosed in the embodiments of this application can be implemented or executed.
  • a general purpose processor may be a microprocessor or the processor may be any conventional processor or the like.
  • the steps of the method disclosed in conjunction with the embodiments of the present application may be directly embodied as executed by a hardware decoding processor, or executed by a combination of hardware and software modules in the decoding processor.
  • the software modules may be located in random access memory, flash memory, read-only memory, programmable read-only memory or electrically erasable programmable memory, registers and other storage media mature in the art.
  • the storage medium is located in the memory 1904, and the processor 1903 reads the information in the memory 1904, and completes the steps of the above method in combination with its hardware.
  • the processor 1903 is configured to execute the communication method executed by the storage function network element.
  • the processor 1903 may be the processing module 1603 described above.
  • the processor 1903 executes the data in the memory 1904, so that the storage function network element executes the aforementioned communication method.
  • the fourth network function network element 2000 includes:
  • the receiver 2001, the transmitter 2002, the processor 2003 and the memory 2004 (wherein the number of the processors 2003 in the fourth network function network element 2000 may be one or more, and one processor is taken as an example in FIG. 20).
  • the receiver 2001 , the transmitter 2002 , the processor 2003 and the memory 2004 may be connected by a bus or in other ways, wherein the connection by a bus is taken as an example in FIG. 20 .
  • the receiver 2001 may specifically be a communication interface or an interface circuit sending module 1701
  • the transmitter 2002 may specifically be a communication interface or an interface circuit receiving module 1702.
  • the receiver 2001 and the transmitter 2002 are used for The fourth network function network element exchanges information with external network elements.
  • Memory 2004 may include read-only memory and random access memory, and provides instructions and data to processor 2003 .
  • a portion of memory 2004 may also include NVRAM.
  • the memory 2004 stores an operating system and operation instructions, executable modules or data structures, or a subset thereof, or an extended set thereof, wherein the operation instructions may include various operation instructions for implementing various operations.
  • the operating system may include various system programs for implementing various basic services and handling hardware-based tasks.
  • the processor 2003 controls the operation of the fourth network function network element, and the processor 2003 may also be referred to as a CPU.
  • each component of the fourth network function network element is coupled together through a bus system, where the bus system may include a power bus, a control bus, a status signal bus, and the like in addition to a data bus.
  • the various buses are referred to as bus systems in the figures.
  • the methods disclosed in the above embodiments of the present application may be applied to the processor 2003 or implemented by the processor 2003 .
  • the processor 2003 may be an integrated circuit chip, which has signal processing capability. In the implementation process, each step of the above method can be completed by the hardware integrated logic circuit in the processor 2003 or the instructions in the form of software.
  • the above-mentioned processor 2003 may be a general-purpose processor, DSP, ASIC, FPGA or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, and discrete hardware components.
  • the methods, steps, and logic block diagrams disclosed in the embodiments of this application can be implemented or executed.
  • a general purpose processor may be a microprocessor or the processor may be any conventional processor or the like.
  • the steps of the method disclosed in conjunction with the embodiments of the present application may be directly embodied as executed by a hardware decoding processor, or executed by a combination of hardware and software modules in the decoding processor.
  • the software modules may be located in random access memory, flash memory, read-only memory, programmable read-only memory or electrically erasable programmable memory, registers and other storage media mature in the art.
  • the storage medium is located in the memory 2004, and the processor 2003 reads the information in the memory 2004, and completes the steps of the above method in combination with its hardware.
  • the processor 2003 is configured to execute the communication method executed by the fourth network function network element.
  • the processor 2003 may be the processing module 1703 described above.
  • the processor 2003 executes the data in the memory 2004, so that the fourth network function network element executes the aforementioned communication method.
  • the chip when the data analysis network element, the storage function network element, and the fourth network function network element are chips, the chip includes: a processing unit and a communication unit, and the processing unit may be, for example, a processor, so The communication unit may be, for example, an input/output interface, a pin or a circuit, or the like.
  • the processing unit can execute the computer execution instructions stored in the storage unit, so that the chip in the data analysis network element executes the communication method of any one of the above first aspect, and the chip in the storage function network element executes any one of the above second aspect.
  • a communication method so that the chip in the fourth network function network element executes the communication method according to any one of the above third aspects.
  • the storage unit is a storage unit in the chip, such as a register, a cache, etc.
  • the storage unit may also be a storage unit in the terminal located outside the chip, such as a read-only memory (read only memory).
  • -only memory read only memory
  • ROM read only memory
  • RAM random access memory
  • the processor mentioned in any one of the above may be a general-purpose central processing unit, a microprocessor, an ASIC, or one or more integrated circuits for controlling the execution of the program of the above method.
  • the device embodiments described above are only schematic, wherein the units described as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and the components displayed as units may or may not be A physical unit, which can be located in one place or distributed over multiple network units. Some or all of the modules may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution in this embodiment.
  • the connection relationship between the modules indicates that there is a communication connection between them, which may be specifically implemented as one or more communication buses or signal lines.
  • U disk mobile hard disk
  • ROM read-only memory
  • RAM magnetic disk or optical disk
  • a computer device which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.
  • the computer program product includes one or more computer instructions.
  • the computer may be a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, computer network, or other programmable device.
  • the computer instructions may be stored in or transmitted from one computer-readable storage medium to another computer-readable storage medium, for example, the computer instructions may be downloaded from a website site, computer, server, or data center Transmission to another website site, computer, server, or data center is by wire (eg, coaxial cable, fiber optic, digital subscriber line (DSL)) or wireless (eg, infrared, wireless, microwave, etc.).
  • wire eg, coaxial cable, fiber optic, digital subscriber line (DSL)
  • wireless eg, infrared, wireless, microwave, etc.
  • the computer-readable storage medium may be any available medium that can be stored by a computer, or a data storage device such as a server, data center, etc., which includes one or more available media integrated.
  • the usable media may be magnetic media (eg, floppy disks, hard disks, magnetic tapes), optical media (eg, DVD), or semiconductor media (eg, Solid State Disk (SSD)), and the like.

Abstract

本申请实施例公开一种通信方法和通信装置以及系统，用于使得数据分析网元确定数据分析的时延，使得使用数据分析结果的网元提前预判该数据分析网元能够满足的时延要求。该通信方法，包括：数据分析网元向存储功能网元发送第一请求，其中，第一请求包括：时延信息和/或指示信息，时延信息包括以下信息中的一个或者多个：第一数据的收集时延、第一数据的数据分析结果的推理时延、数据分析结果的传输时延，其中，指示信息用于指示数据分析网元支持在指定时延内进行数据分析；第一请求用于将时延信息和/或指示信息存储到存储功能网元；数据分析网元接收来自存储功能网元的第一响应，第一响应用于向数据分析网元指示时延信息和/或指示信息存储成功。

Description

一种通信方法和通信装置以及系统
本申请要求于2020年8月13日提交中国专利局、申请号为202010814326.3、发明名称为“一种通信方法和通信装置以及系统”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及通信领域，尤其涉及一种通信方法和通信装置以及系统。
背景技术
在第五代(fifth generation，5G)通信网络中，引入了数据分析网元。当前的数据分析网元可以生成数据分析结果，该数据分析结果可用于无线通信系统中的数据分析，以实现无线通信系统的智能化。
若数据分析网元产生数据分析结果不及时，会影响到无线通信系统中的网络设备根据该数据分析结果做出正确的决策，比如数据分析网元可以分析某个业务的业务体验(service experience)，数据分析网元向策略控制(policy control function，PCF)网元发送数据分析结果，PCF网元可以根据业务体验调整业务对应的服务质量(quality of service，QoS)参数，但是如果数据分析网元太晚提供数据分析结果给PCF，可能该业务的业务体验已经发生了改变，此时PCF再按照非实时的业务体验调整QoS参数，显然不符合业务的要求。
发明内容
本申请实施例提供了一种通信方法和通信装置以及系统，用于使得数据分析网元确定数据分析的时延，使得使用数据分析结果的网元提前预判该数据分析网元能够满足的时延要求。
为解决上述技术问题，本申请实施例提供以下技术方案：
第一方面，本申请实施例提供一种通信方法，包括：数据分析网元向存储功能网元发送第一请求，其中，所述第一请求包括：时延信息和/或指示信息，所述时延信息包括以下信息中的一个或者多个：第一数据的收集时延、所述第一数据的数据分析结果的推理时延、所述数据分析结果的传输时延，其中，所述指示信息用于指示所述数据分析网元支持在指定时延内进行数据分析；所述第一请求用于将所述时延信息和/或所述指示信息存储到所述存储功能网元；所述数据分析网元接收来自所述存储功能网元的第一响应，所述第一响应用于向所述数据分析网元指示所述时延信息和/或所述指示信息存储成功。
在上述方案中，由于数据分析网元发送的第一请求中可以包括时延信息，而该时延信息可以包括以下信息中的一个或者多个：第一数据的收集时延、第一数据的数据分析结果的推理时延、数据分析结果的传输时延，或者第一请求中包括指示信息，该指示信息指示数据分析网元支持在指定时延内进行数据分析，因此存储功能网元可以根据接收到的第一请求信息将时延信息和/或指示信息存储到存储功能网元中，使得数据分析网元确定数据分析的时延，使得使用数据分析结果的网元提前预判该数据分析网元能够满足的时延要求。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述方法，还包括：所述数据分析网元向第一网络功能网元发送第二请求，所述第二请求用于请求所述第一数据；所述数据分析网元接收所述第一网络功能网元发送的第二响应，所述第二响应包括：所述第一数据和所述第一数据的第一传输起始时间，所述第一传输起始时间为所述第一网络功能网元传输所述第一数据的起始时间；所述数据分析网元根据所述第一数据的第一传输起始时间和所述第一数据的第一传输结束时间确定所述第一数据的收集时延，所述第一传输结束时间为所述数据分析网元从所述第一网络功能网元接收完所述第一数据的时间。在上述方案中，数据分析网元可以接收第一网络功能网元的第二响应，从第二响应中获取到第一数据的第一传输起始时间，根据第一数据的第一传输起始时间和第一数据的第一传输结束时间确定第一数据的收集时延，解决了数据分析网元无法确定第一数据的收集时延的问题。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述方法，还包括：所述数据分析网元向第一网络功能网元发送第三请求，所述第三请求用于请求所述第一数据；所述数据分析网元接收所述第一网络功能网元发送的第三响应，所述第三响应包括：所述第一数据、所述第一数据的第二传输起始时间和所述第一数据的第一准备时延，所述第二传输起始时间为所述第一网络功能网元传输所述第一数据的起始时间，所述第一准备时延为所述第一网络功能网元准备所述第一数据所占用的时长；所述数据分析网元根据所述第一数据的第二传输起始时间和所述第一数据的第二传输结束时间确定所述第一数据的第一传输时延，所述第二传输结束时间为所述数据分析网元从所述第一网络功能网元接收完所述第一数据的时间；所述数据分析网元根据所述第一数据的第一传输时延和所述第一数据的第一准备时延确定所述第一数据的收集时延。在上述方案中，数据分析网元可以接收第一网络功能网元的第三响应，从第三响应中获取到第一数据的第二传输起始时间和第一数据的第一准备时延，根据第一数据的第二传输起始时间和第一数据的第二传输结束时间确定第一数据的第一传输时延，根据第一数据的第一传输时延和第一数据的第一准备时延确定第一数据的收集时延，解决了数据分析网元无法确定第一数据的收集时延的问题。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述第一网络功能网元为数据库设备。
在一种可能的实现方式中，当所述第一数据存储于第一网络功能网元时，所述第一数据的第一准备时延包括所述第一数据的查询时延，所述第一数据的查询时延为所述第一网络功能网元根据所述第二请求查询得到所述第一数据所占用的时长。在上述方案中，
在一种可能的实现方式中，当所述第一数据没有存储于所述第一网络功能网元时，所述方法还包括：所述第一网络功能网元向第二网络功能网元发送第四请求，所述第四请求用于请求所述第一数据；所述第一网络功能网元接收所述第二网络功能网元发送的第四响应，所述第四响应包括：所述第一数据和所述第一数据的第三传输起始时间，所述第三传输起始时间为所述第二网络功能网元传输所述第一数据的起始时间；其中,所述第一准备时延由所述第一网络功能网元根据所述第一数据的第三传输起始时间和所述第一数据的第三传输结束时间得到，所述第三传输结束时间为所述第一网络功能网元从所述第二网络功能网元接收完所述第一数据的时间。在上述方案中，第一网络功能网元可以向第二网络功能网元请求第一数据，第一网络功能网元在获取到第一数据之后，第一网络功能网元向数据分析网元发送第三响应，数据分析网元可以接收第一网络功能网元的第三响应，从第三响 应中获取到第一数据的第二传输起始时间和第一数据的第一准备时延，根据第一数据的第二传输起始时间和第一数据的第二传输结束时间确定第一数据的第一传输时延，根据第一数据的第一传输时延和第一数据的第一准备时延确定第一数据的收集时延，解决了数据分析网元无法确定第一数据的收集时延的问题。使得使用数据分析结果的网元提前预判该数据分析网元能够满足的时延要求。
在一种可能的实现方式中，当所述第一数据没有存储于所述第一网络功能网元时，所述方法还包括：所述第一网络功能网元向第二网络功能网元发送第五请求，所述第五请求用于请求所述第一数据；所述第一网络功能网元接收所述第二网络功能网元发送的第五响应，所述第五响应包括：所述第一数据、所述第四传输起始时间和所述第一数据的第二准备时延，所述第四传输起始时间为所述第二网络功能网元传输所述第一数据的起始时间，所述第二准备时延为所述第二网络功能网元确定所述第一数据所占用的时长；其中，所述第一准备时延由所述第一网络功能网元根据所述第一数据的第四传输起始时间、所述第一数据的第四传输结束时间、和所述第一数据的第二准备时延得到，所述第四传输结束时间为所述第一网络功能网元从所述第二网络功能网元接收完所述第一数据的时间。
在上述方案中，第一网络功能网元没有存储第一数据时，第一网络功能网元可以向第二网络功能网元请求第一数据，第二网络功能网元准备第一数据的准备时延为第二准备时延，则第一网络功能网元得到的第一准备时延中包括该第二准备时延，最后数据分析网元根据第一数据的第一传输时延和第一数据的第一准备时延确定第一数据的收集时延。解决了数据分析网元无法确定第一数据的收集时延的问题。使得使用数据分析结果的网元提前预判该数据分析网元能够满足的时延要求。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述方法，还包括：所述数据分析网元根据所述第一数据确定所述数据分析结果的推理时延。在上述方案中，数据分析网元对第一数据进行分析时需要占用一定的时长，例如数据分析网元分析第一数据，以生成数据分析结果，数据分析网元生成数据分析结果所需要的时长为数据分析结果的推理时延。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述方法，还包括：所述数据分析网元接收第三网络功能网元发送的第六请求，所述第六请求用于请求所述数据分析结果；所述数据分析网元向所述第三网络功能网元发送第六响应，所述第六响应包括：所述数据分析结果；所述数据分析网元根据所述第六响应确定所述数据分析结果的传输时延。在上述方案中，数据分析网元接收第六请求，然后发送第六响应，通过数据分析结果的传输，数据分析网元可以确定数据分析结果的传输时延，解决了数据分析网元无法确定数据分析结果的传输时延的问题。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述数据分析网元根据所述第六响应确定所述数据分析结果的传输时延，包括：所述数据分析网元接收所述第三网络功能网元发送的所述数据分析结果的传输结束时间，所述数据分析结果的传输结束时间为所述第三网络功能网元发送完所述数据分析结果的时间；所述数据分析网元根据所述数据分析结果的传输起始时间和所述数据分析结果的传输结束时间确定所述数据分析结果的传输时延，所述数据分析结果的传输起始时间为所述数据分析网元发送所述数据分析结果的起始时间。在上述方案中，在上述方案中，数据分析网元从第三网络功能网元获取到数据分析结果的传输结束时间，然后数据分析网元自行获取到数据分析结果的传输时延，例如，数据分析结果的传输时延等 于数据分析结果的传输结束时间减去数据分析网元根据数据分析结果的传输起始时间。解决了数据分析网元无法确定数据分析结果的传输时延的问题。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述数据分析网元根据所述第六响应确定所述数据分析结果的传输时延，包括：所述数据分析网元向所述第三网络功能网元发送所述数据分析结果的传输起始时间，所述数据分析结果的传输起始时间为所述数据分析网元发送所述数据分析结果的起始时间；所述数据分析网元接收所述第三网络功能网元发送的所述数据分析结果的传输时延，其中，所述数据分析结果的传输时延由所述第三网络功能网元根据所述数据分析结果的传输起始时间和所述数据分析结果的传输结束时间确定，所述数据分析结果的传输结束时间为所述第三网络功能网元发送完所述数据分析结果的时间。在上述方案中，数据分析网元可以向第三网络功能网元发送数据分析结果的传输起始时间，然后第三网络功能网元自行获取到数据分析结果的传输时延，例如，数据分析结果的传输时延等于数据分析结果的传输结束时间减去数据分析网元根据数据分析结果的传输起始时间。数据分析网元接收第三网络功能网元发送的数据分析结果的传输时延，解决了数据分析网元无法确定数据分析结果的传输时延的问题。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述第一请求还包括：分析标识，其中，所述时延信息为所述分析标识对应的时延信息；所述指示信息为所述分析标识对应的指示信息。在上述方案中，数据分析网元还可以在第一请求中携带分析标识，从而时延信息和指示信息都可以对应于该分析标识，因此可以通过数据分析网元对应的分析标识确定该数据分析网元的时延信息以及指示信息。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述时延信息由所述数据分析网元所在的区域、所述数据分析网元所属的网络拓扑、所述数据分析网元支持的硬件能力确定。在上述方案中，数据分析网元的时延信息与该数据分析网元的自身参数有关，例如数据分析网元所在的区域、数据分析网元所属的网络拓扑、数据分析网元支持的硬件能力中的至少一种参数可以用于确定时延信息，本申请实施例中通过数据分析网元的自身参数可以确定与该数据分析网元相应的时延信息，使得数据分析网元能够确定整个数据分析过程的时延。
第二方面，本申请实施例还提供一种通信方法，包括：存储功能网元接收来自数据分析网元的第一请求，其中，所述第一请求包括：时延信息和/或指示信息，所述时延信息包括以下信息中的一个或者多个：第一数据的收集时延、所述第一数据的数据分析结果的推理时延、所述数据分析结果的传输时延，其中，所述指示信息用于指示所述数据分析网元支持在指定时延内对所述第一数据进行分析；所述第一请求用于将所述时延信息和/或所述指示信息存储到所述存储功能网元；所述存储功能网元向所述数据分析网元发送第一响应，其中，所述第一响应用于向所述数据分析网元指示所述时延信息和/或所述指示信息存储成功。
在上述方案中，由于存储功能网元可以接收到来自数据分析网元的第一请求，因此存储功能网元可以获取到存储功能网元的时延信息，从而存储功能网元可以确定以下信息中的一个或者多个：第一数据的收集时延、第一数据的数据分析结果的推理时延、数据分析结果的传输时延。或者存储功能网元可以获取到存储功能网元的指示信息，从而存储功能网元可以确定数据分析网元支持在指定时延内对第一数据进行分析，因此存储功能网元可 以获取到数据分析网元的数据分析的时延，使得使用数据分析结果的网元提前预判该数据分析网元能够满足的时延要求。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述方法还包括：所述存储功能网元接收来自第四网络功能网元的第七请求，所述第七请求用于请求数据分析网元；所述存储功能网元向所述第四网络功能网元发送第七响应，所述第七响应包括：一个或多个数据分析网元。在上述方案中，数据分析网元接收第七请求，然后发送第七响应，由于第四网络功能网元可以确定一个或多个数据分析网元分别对应的时延信息，因此第四网络功能网元从一个或多个数据分析网元中确定符合第四网络功能网元的数据分析时延要求的目标数据分析网元，使得第四网络功能网元能够与该目标数据分析网元进行通信，实现第四网络功能网元在符合数据分析时延要求下的通信。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述第七请求包括：所述第四网络功能网元的数据分析时延要求；所述方法还包括：所述存储功能网元根据数据分析网元对应的时延信息确定符合所述数据分析时延要求的一个或多个数据分析网元；所述存储功能网元向所述第四网络功能网元发送第七响应，包括：所述存储功能网元向所述第四网络功能网元发送第七响应，所述第七响应包括：符合所述数据分析时延要求的一个或多个数据分析网元。在上述方案中，存储功能网元获取到第四网络功能网元的数据分析时延要求，存储功能网元中预先存储有每个数据分析网元对应的时延信息，因此存储功能网元可以按照数据分析时延要求对每个数据分析网元对应的时延信息进行筛选，确定符合数据分析时延要求的一个或多个数据分析网元，存储功能网元向第四网络功能网元发送第七响应，第七响应携带符合数据分析时延要求的一个或多个数据分析网元，使得第四网络功能网元确定符合数据分析时延要求的一个或多个数据分析网元。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述存储功能网元向所述第四网络功能网元发送第七响应，包括：所述存储功能网元确定支持在指定时延内进行数据分析的一个或多个数据分析网元；所述存储功能网元向所述第四网络功能网元发送第七响应，所述第七响应包括：支持在指定时延内进行数据分析的一个或多个数据分析网元。在上述方案中，存储功能网元获取到支持在指定时延内进行数据分析的一个或多个数据分析网元，存储功能网元向第四网络功能网元发送第七响应，第七响应包括：支持在指定时延内进行数据分析的一个或多个数据分析网元，使得第四网络功能网元确定支持在指定时延内进行数据分析的一个或多个数据分析网元，再由第四网络功能网元确定出目标数据分析网元。
第三方面，本申请实施例还提供一种通信方法，包括：第四网络功能网元向存储功能网元发送第七请求，所述第七请求用于请求数据分析网元；所述第四网络功能网元接收所述存储功能网元发送的第七响应，所述第七响应包括：一个或多个数据分析网元，所述一个或多个数据分析网元分别对应有时延信息；所述第四网络功能网元从所述一个或多个数据分析网元中确定符合所述第四网络功能网元的数据分析时延要求的目标数据分析网元。
在上述方案中，由于第四网络功能网元可以确定一个或多个数据分析网元分别对应的时延信息，因此第四网络功能网元从一个或多个数据分析网元中确定符合第四网络功能网元的数据分析时延要求的目标数据分析网元，使得第四网络功能网元能够与该目标数据分析网元进行通信，实现第四网络功能网元在符合数据分析时延要求下的通信。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述第四网络功能网元从所述一个或多个数据分析网元中确定符合所述第四网络功能网元的数据分析时延要求的目标数据分析网元，包括：所述第四网络功能网元从所述第七响应中确定所述一个或多个数据分析网元分别对应的时延信息；所述第四网络功能网元根据所述一个或多个数据分析网元分别对应的时延信息以及所述数据分析时延要求中确定出所述目标数据分析网元。在上述方案中，第四网络功能网元可以获取到每个数据分析网元分别对应的时延信息，可以按照数据分析时延要求对每个数据分析网元对应的时延信息进行筛选，确定符合数据分析时延要求的目标数据分析网元。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述第四网络功能网元根据所述第七响应确定目标数据分析网元，包括：所述第四网络功能网元向所述一个或多个数据分析网元分别发送所述数据分析时延要求；所述第四网络功能网元接收符合所述数据分析时延要求的至少一个数据分析网元发送的时延匹配结果；所述第四网络功能网元从发送所述时延匹配结果的至少一个数据分析网元中确定出所述目标数据分析网元。在上述方案中，第四网络功能网元可以向每个数据分析网元分别发送数据分析时延要求，由每个数据分析网元自行根据符合数据分析时延要求和自己的时延信息进行匹配，符合数据分析时延要求的至少一个数据分析网元向第四网络功能网元发送时延匹配结果，第四网络功能网元确定发送时延匹配结果的至少一个数据分析网元，再由第四网络功能网元确定出目标数据分析网元。
第四方面，本申请实施例还提供一种通信装置，包括：发送模块，用于向存储功能网元发送第一请求，其中，所述第一请求包括：时延信息和/或指示信息，所述时延信息包括以下信息中的一个或者多个：第一数据的收集时延、所述第一数据的数据分析结果的推理时延、所述数据分析结果的传输时延，其中，所述指示信息用于指示所述数据分析网元支持在指定时延内进行数据分析；所述第一请求用于将所述时延信息和/或所述指示信息存储到所述存储功能网元；接收模块，用于接收来自所述存储功能网元的第一响应，所述第一响应用于向所述数据分析网元指示所述时延信息和/或所述指示信息存储成功。
在本申请的第四方面中，通信装置中的模块还可以执行前述第一方面以及各种可能的实现方式中所描述的步骤，详见前述对第一方面以及各种可能的实现方式中的说明。
第五方面，本申请实施例还提供一种通信装置，包括：接收模块，用于接收来自数据分析网元的第一请求，其中，所述第一请求包括：时延信息和/或指示信息，所述时延信息包括以下信息中的一个或者多个：第一数据的收集时延、所述第一数据的数据分析结果的推理时延、所述数据分析结果的传输时延，其中，所述指示信息用于指示所述数据分析网元支持在指定时延内对所述第一数据进行分析；所述第一请求用于将所述时延信息和/或所述指示信息存储到所述存储功能网元；发送模块，用于向所述数据分析网元发送第一响应，其中，所述第一响应用于向所述数据分析网元指示所述时延信息和/或所述指示信息存储成功。
在本申请的第五方面中，通信装置中的模块还可以执行前述第二方面以及各种可能的实现方式中所描述的步骤，详见前述对第二方面以及各种可能的实现方式中的说明。
第六方面，本申请实施例还提供一种通信装置，包括：发送模块，用于向存储功能网元发送第七请求，所述第七请求用于请求数据分析网元；接收模块，用于接收所述存储功能网元发送的第七响应，所述第七响应包括：一个或多个数据分析网元，所述一个或多个 数据分析网元分别对应有时延信息；处理模块，用于从所述一个或多个数据分析网元中确定符合所述第四网络功能网元的数据分析时延要求的目标数据分析网元。
在本申请的第六方面中，通信装置中的模块还可以执行前述第三方面以及各种可能的实现方式中所描述的步骤，详见前述对第三方面以及各种可能的实现方式中的说明。
在本申请的第一方面至第六方面中，数据分析网元可以是NWDAF网元，存储功能网元可以是NRF网元，第一网络功能网元可以为数据库设备，例如第一网络功能网元是DCCF，第二网络功能网元是具有数据提供功能的NF网元，第三网络功能网元是一个Consumer NF网元，第四网络功能网元可以是另一个Consumer NF网元。
在本申请的实施例中，所述第一数据的收集时延为所述数据分析网元收集所述第一数据所占用的时长，所述数据分析结果的推理时延为所述数据分析网元对所述第一数据进行推理得到所述数据分析结果所占用的时长，所述数据分析结果的传输时延为所述数据分析网元对所述数据分析结果进行传输所占用的时长。
第七方面，本申请实施例提供了一种计算机可读存储介质，所述计算机可读存储介质中存储有指令，当其在计算机上运行时，使得计算机执行上述第一方面或第二方面或第三方面所述的方法。
第八方面，本申请实施例提供了一种包含指令的计算机程序产品，当其在计算机上运行时，使得计算机执行上述第一方面或第二方面或第三方面所述的方法。
第九方面，本申请实施例提供一种通信装置，该通信装置可以包括数据分析网元、或者存储功能网元、或者第四网络功能网元或者芯片等实体，所述通信装置包括：处理器、存储器；所述存储器用于存储指令；所述处理器用于执行所述存储器中的所述指令，使得所述通信装置执行如前述第一方面或第二方面或第三方面中任一项所述的方法。
第十方面，本申请提供了一种芯片系统，该芯片系统包括处理器，用于支持数据分析网元、或者存储功能网元、或者第四网络功能网元实现上述方面中所涉及的功能，例如，发送或处理上述方法中所涉及的数据和/或信息。在一种可能的设计中，所述芯片系统还包括存储器，所述存储器，用于保存数据分析网元、或者存储功能网元、或者第四网络功能网元必要的程序指令和数据。该芯片系统，可以由芯片构成，也可以包括芯片和其他分立器件。
第十一方面，本申请实施例提供一种通信系统，包括：数据分析网元，用于执行如上述第一方面以及其可能的实现方式中的任意一种方法，以及存储功能网元，用于执行如上述第二方面以及其可能的实现方式中的任意一种方法。本申请实施例还提供另一种通信系统，包括存储功能网元，用于执行如上述第二方面以及其可能的实现方式中的任意一种方法，以及第四网络功能网元，用于执行如上述第三方面以及其可能的实现方式中的任意一种方法。
附图说明
图1a至图1f为本申请实施例提供的一种通信系统的架构示意图；
图2至图8为本申请实施例提供的一种通信方法的流程方框示意图；
图9为本申请实施例提供的基于NWDAF的5G网络架构示意图；
图10为本申请实施例提供的基于DCCF的数据收集架构示意图；
图11为本申请实施例提供的通信方法的一种应用场景下的交互示意图；
图12为本申请实施例提供的NRF和N个NWDAF连接的示意图；
图13为本申请实施例提供的通信方法的另一种应用场景下的交互示意图；
图14为本申请实施例提供的通信方法的另一种应用场景下的交互示意图；
图15为本申请实施例提供的一种数据分析网元的结构示意图；
图16为本申请实施例提供的一种存储功能网元的结构示意图；
图17为本申请实施例提供的一种第四网络功能网元的结构示意图；
图18为本申请实施例提供的另一种数据分析网元的结构示意图；
图19为本申请实施例提供的另一种存储功能网元的结构示意图；
图20为本申请实施例提供的另一种第四网络功能网元的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图，对本申请的实施例进行描述。
本申请实施例的说明书和权利要求书及上述附图中的术语“第一”、“第二”等是用于区别类似的对象，而不必用于描述特定的顺序或先后次序。应该理解这样使用的术语在适当情况下可以互换，这仅仅是描述本申请实施例的实施例中对相同属性的对象在描述时所采用的区分方式。此外，术语“包括”和“具有”以及他们的任何变形，意图在于覆盖不排他的包含，以便包含一系列单元的过程、方法、系统、产品或设备不必限于那些单元，而是可包括没有清楚地列出的或对于这些过程、方法、产品或设备固有的其它单元。
在本申请的实施例中，“和/或”仅仅是一种描述关联对象的关联关系，表示可以存在三种关系。例如，A和/或B，可以表示：单独存在A，同时存在A和B，单独存在B这三种情况。另外，在本申请的描述中，“多个”是指两个或多于两个。另外本申请实施例中,“/”可以指的是和/或的关系。
图1a示例性的系统为基于服务化接口的5G系统。5G系统可以包括：鉴权服务器功能(authentication server function，AUSF)网元、接入和移动性管理功能(access and mobility management function，AMF)网元、数据网络(data network，DN)、统一数据管理(unified data management，UDM)网元、策略控制功能(policy control function，PCF)网元、(无线)接入网((radio)access network，(R)AN)网元、用户面功能(user plane function，UPF)网元、终端设备(terminal)、应用功能(application function，AF)网元、会话管理功能(session management function，SMF)网元、绑定支持功能(binding support function，BSF)网元、网络数据分析功能(network data analytics function，NWDAF)网元、网络开放功能(network exposure function，NEF)网元、网络存储功能(network repository function,NRF)网元。
为方便描述，在下文中将(R)AN网元、AMF网元、SMF网元、UDM网元、UPF网元、PCF网元、BSF网元、NWDAF网元、NRF网元、NEF网元等分别通过RAN、AMF、SMF、UDM、UPF、PCF、BSF、NWDAF、NRF、NEF等指代。
5G系统分为接入网和核心网两部分。接入网用于实现无线接入有关的功能，主要包括 RAN。核心网用于网络业务的控制、数据的传输等，核心网包括多个网元，例如核心网可以主要包括：AMF、SMF、UPF、PCF、UDM等。
图1a中部分网元的功能如下：
PCF，负责向AMF、SMF提供策略，如服务质量(quality of service，QoS)策略、切片选择策略等。
UDM，用于处理第三代合作伙伴计划(3rd generation partnership project，3GPP)认证和密钥协商(authentication and key agreement，AKA)认证凭据，用户识别处理，访问授权，注册/移动性管理，订购管理，短信管理等。在本申请中，UDM可提供存储当前为终端设备服务的网元(服务NF(serving NF)，例如，服务AMF(serving AMF)、服务SMF(serving SMF)、服务NWDAF(serving NWDAF)等)信息的功能。
AF，可以是应用服务器，其可以属于运营商，也可以属于第三方。主要支持与3GPP核心网交互来提供服务，例如影响数据路由决策，策略控制功能或者向网络侧提供第三方的一些服务。
AMF，主要负责信令处理部分，例如，终端设备的注册管理、终端设备的连接管理、终端设备的可达性管理、终端设备的接入授权和接入鉴权、终端设备的安全功能，终端设备的移动性管理(如终端设备位置更新、终端设备注册网络、终端设备切换等)，网络切片(network slice)选择，SMF选择，终端设备的注册或去注册等功能。
SMF，主要负责终端设备会话管理的所有控制面功能，包括UPF的选择、控制以及重定向，网络互连协议(internet protocol，IP)地址分配及管理，会话的QoS管理，从PCF获取策略与计费控制(policy and charging control，PCC)策略，承载或会话的建立、修改以及释放等。
UPF，作为协议数据单元(protocol data unit，PDU)会话连接的锚定点，负责对终端设备的数据报文过滤、数据传输/转发、速率控制、生成计费信息、用户面QoS处理、上行传输认证、传输等级验证、下行数据包缓存及下行数据通知触发等。UPF还可以作为多宿主(multi-homed)PDU会话的分支点。UPF中为终端设备提供服务的传输资源和调度功能由SMF进行管理控制。
NRF，一种网元属性、网元状态、网络拓扑关系等信息的存储网元，其具备网元发现功能、网元管理功能。
BSF，具备为PDU会话绑定或存储对应的终端设备地址、终端设备标识、数据网络名称(data network name，DNN)、单一网络切片选择辅助信息(single network slice selection assistance information，S-NSSAI)、PCF实例、PCF集标识的功能。例如，可以从BSF中查询出终端设备对应的PCF。
NWDAF，具备以下至少一种功能：数据收集功能、数据分析功能。其中，数据收集功能是指用于收集来自网络网元、第三方业务服务器、终端设备或网管系统中的相关数据；数据分析功能是指基于相关输入数据做分析训练，并向网络网元、第三方业务服务器、提供终端设备或网管系统提供数据分析结果，该分析结果可协助网络选择业务的服务质量参数，或协助网络执行流量路由，或协助网络选择背景流量传输策略等。本申请中主要涉及的是NWDAF的数据收集功能，因NWDAF只有基于收集的数据才能做相关的训练、分析功能，所 以其前提是能够收集和获取相关的数据。
在本申请的实施例中，NWDAF可以是一个单独的网元，也可以与其他网元合设。例如，NWDAF网元可以与AMF网元合设或者与SMF网元合设。
RAN，由一个或多个接入网设备(也可以称为RAN节点或网络设备)组成的网络，实现无线物理层功能、资源调度和无线资源管理、无线接入控制以及移动性管理功能，服务质量管理，数据压缩和加密等功能。接入网设备通过用户面接口N3和UPF相连，用于传送终端设备的数据。接入网设备通过控制面接口N2和AMF建立控制面信令连接，用于实现无线接入承载控制等功能。
接入网设备，可以为基站、无线保真(wireless fidelity，WiFi)接入点(access point，AP)、全球微波接入互操作性(worldwide interoperability for microwave access，WiMAX)站点等。基站可以包括各种形式的基站，例如：宏基站，微基站(也称为小站)，中继站，接入点等。具体可以为：无线局域网(wireless local area network，WLAN)中的AP，全球移动通信系统(global system for mobile communications，GSM)或码分多址接入(code division multiple access，CDMA)中的基站(base transceiver station，BTS)，也可以是宽带码分多址(wideband code division multiple access，WCDMA)中的基站(NodeB，NB)，还可以是LTE中的演进型基站(evolved node B，eNB或eNodeB)，或者中继站或接入点，或者车载设备、可穿戴设备以及未来5G系统中的下一代节点B(the next generation node B，gNB)或者未来演进的公用陆地移动网(public land mobile network，PLMN)网络中的基站等。
终端设备可以是无线终端设备，或者，也可以是有线终端设备。无线终端设备可以是指向用户提供语音和/或数据连通性的设备，具有无线连接功能的手持式设备或连接到无线调制解调器的其他处理设备。终端设备与接入网设备之间采用某种空口技术(如NR技术或LTE技术)相互通信。终端设备与终端设备之间也可以采用某种空口技术(如NR技术或LTE技术)相互通信。无线终端设备可以经接入网设备与一个或多个核心网设备通信，如与AMF、SMF等进行通信。无线终端设备可以是移动终端设备，如移动电话(或称为“蜂窝”电话)、智能电话、卫星无线设备、无线调制解调器卡以及具有移动终端设备的计算机，例如，可以是膝上型、便携式、袖珍式、手持式、计算机内置的或者车载的移动装置，它们与接入网设备交换语音和/或数据。示例性的，无线终端设备可以为个人通信业务(personal communication service，PCS)电话、无绳电话、会话发起协议(session initiation protocol，SIP)话机、无线本地环路(wireless local loop，WLL)站、个人数字助理(personal digital assistant，PDA)、虚拟现实(virtual reality，VR)眼镜、增强现实(augmented reality，AR)眼镜、机器类型通信终端设备、物联网终端设备等设备。在车联网通信中，车辆上装载的通信设备是一种终端设备，路边单元(road side unit，RSU)也可以作为一种终端设备。无人机上装载的通信设备，也可以看做是一种终端设备。无线终端设备也可以称为用户设备(user equipment，UE)、终端、订户单元(subscriber unit)、订户站(subscriber station)，移动站(mobile station)、移动台(mobile)、远程站(remote station)、接入点(access point)、接入终端(access terminal)、用户终端(user terminal)、用户代理(user agent)等。
DN是为用户提供数据传输服务的运营商网络，如网络互连协议多媒体业务(IP multi-media service，IMS)、互联网(internet)等。终端设备通过建立终端设备到接入网设备到UPF到DN之间的PDU会话(session)，访问DN。
本申请实施例提供的通信方法应用于通信系统，如图1b所示，通信系统100可以包括：数据分析网元101、存储功能网元102，其中，
数据分析网元，用于向存储功能网元发送第一请求，其中，第一请求包括：时延信息和/或指示信息，时延信息包括以下信息中的一个或者多个：第一数据的收集时延、第一数据的数据分析结果的推理时延、数据分析结果的传输时延，其中，指示信息用于指示数据分析网元支持在指定时延内进行数据分析；第一请求用于将时延信息和/或指示信息存储到存储功能网元；
存储功能网元，用于接收来自数据分析网元的第一请求，其中，第一请求包括：时延信息和/或指示信息，时延信息包括以下信息中的一个或者多个：第一数据的收集时延、第一数据的数据分析结果的推理时延、数据分析结果的传输时延，其中，第一数据的收集时延为数据分析网元收集第一数据所占用的时长，数据分析结果的推理时延为数据分析网元对第一数据进行推理得到数据分析结果所占用的时长，数据分析结果的传输时延为数据分析网元对数据分析结果进行传输所占用的时长；指示信息用于指示数据分析网元支持在指定时延内对第一数据进行分析；第一请求用于将时延信息和/或指示信息存储到存储功能网元；
存储功能网元，用于向数据分析网元发送第一响应，其中，第一响应用于向数据分析网元指示时延信息和/或指示信息存储成功。
数据分析网元，用于接收来自存储功能网元的第一响应，第一响应用于向数据分析网元指示时延信息和/或指示信息存储成功。
在本申请的一些实施例中,第一数据的收集时延为数据分析网元收集第一数据所占用的时长，数据分析结果的推理时延为数据分析网元对第一数据进行推理得到数据分析结果所占用的时长，数据分析结果的传输时延为数据分析网元对数据分析结果进行传输所占用的时长。
其中，数据分析网元指具有数据分析能力，可以提供数据分析结果的网元，例如数据分析网元可以包括：NWDAF网元，NWDAF网元可以对第一数据进行数据分析，以生成数据分析结果。其中，数据分析可以有多种实现方式，例如可以是针对流量大小的分析，或者针对数据类型的分析等。
存储功能网元是指具有数据存储功能的网元，例如存储功能网元可以是NRF网元。例如，NWDAF网元确定针对某个分析标识(Analytics ID)支持实时数据分析能力，然后将这种实时交互能力信息(Real-time communication capability information)以及对应的Analytics ID注册到NRF网元。例如，存储功能网元接收到数据分析网元的时延信息和/或指示信息，并可以存储该时延信息和/或指示信息。
需要说明的是，本申请实施例中，可以将NWDAF网元简写为NWDAF，NRF网元简写为NRF等等，不再逐一示意说明。
在本申请实施例提供的上述通信系统中，存储功能网元可以接收到来自数据分析网元 的第一请求，因此存储功能网元可以获取到存储功能网元的时延信息，从而存储功能网元可以确定以下信息中的一个或者多个：第一数据的收集时延、第一数据的数据分析结果的推理时延、数据分析结果的传输时延。或者存储功能网元可以获取到存储功能网元的指示信息，从而存储功能网元可以确定数据分析网元支持在指定时延内对第一数据进行分析，因此存储功能网元可以获取到数据分析网元的数据分析的时延。使得使用数据分析结果的网元提前预判该数据分析网元能够满足的时延要求。
如图1c所示，通信系统100可以包括：数据分析网元101、存储功能网元102和第一网络功能网元103，其中，
数据分析网元，用于向第一网络功能网元发送第二请求，第二请求用于请求第一数据；
第一网络功能网元，用于接收来自数据分析网元的第二请求。
第一网络功能网元，用于向数据分析网元发送第二响应。
数据分析网元，用于接收第一网络功能网元发送的第二响应，第二响应包括：第一数据和第一数据的第一传输起始时间，第一传输起始时间为第一网络功能网元传输第一数据的起始时间；
数据分析网元，用于根据第一数据的第一传输起始时间和第一数据的第一传输结束时间确定第一数据的收集时延，第一传输结束时间为数据分析网元从第一网络功能网元接收完第一数据的时间。
其中，第一网络功能网元是指具有数据提供功能的网元，例如第一网络功能网元可以是具有数据提供(data provider)功能的NF网元。
在本申请实施例提供的上述通信系统中，数据分析网元可以接收第一网络功能网元的第二响应，从第二响应中获取到第一数据的第一传输起始时间，根据第一数据的第一传输起始时间和第一数据的第一传输结束时间确定第一数据的收集时延，解决了数据分析网元无法确定第一数据的收集时延的问题。
如图1c所示，通信系统100可以包括：数据分析网元101、存储功能网元102和第一网络功能网元103，其中，
数据分析网元，用于向第一网络功能网元发送第三请求，第三请求用于请求第一数据；
第一网络功能网元，用于接收来自数据分析网元的第三请求。
第一网络功能网元，用于向数据分析网元发送第三响应。
数据分析网元，用于接收第一网络功能网元发送的第三响应，第三响应包括：第一数据、第一数据的第二传输起始时间和第一数据的第一准备时延，第二传输起始时间为第一网络功能网元传输第一数据的起始时间，第一准备时延为第一网络功能网元准备第一数据所占用的时长；
数据分析网元，用于根据第一数据的第二传输起始时间和第一数据的第二传输结束时间确定第一数据的第一传输时延，第二传输结束时间为数据分析网元从第一网络功能网元接收完第一数据的时间；
数据分析网元，用于根据第一数据的第一传输时延和第一数据的第一准备时延确定第一数据的收集时延。
其中，第一网络功能网元准备第一数据需要占用一定的时长，例如第一准备时延为第 一网络功能网元准备第一数据所占用的时长，则在第三响应中包括第一准备时延，数据分析网元根据第一数据的第一传输时延和第一数据的第一准备时延确定第一数据的收集时延，从而使得数据分析网元能够准确的获取到第一数据的收集时延。使得使用数据分析结果的网元提前预判该数据分析网元能够满足的时延要求。
在本申请的一些实施例中，第一网络功能网元可以为数据库设备，数据库设备是指具有数据库功能的设备，数据库设备具有数据存储功能，例如数据库设备可以包括一个或多个网元，例如数据库设备可以是数据收集协调功能(data collection coordinator function，DCCF)网元。
在本申请实施例提供的上述通信系统中，数据分析网元可以接收第一网络功能网元的第三响应，从第三响应中获取到第一数据的第二传输起始时间和第一数据的第一准备时延，根据第一数据的第二传输起始时间和第一数据的第二传输结束时间确定第一数据的第一传输时延，根据第一数据的第一传输时延和第一数据的第一准备时延确定第一数据的收集时延，解决了数据分析网元无法确定第一数据的收集时延的问题。
如图1d所示，通信系统100可以包括：数据分析网元101、存储功能网元102、第一网络功能网元103和第二网络功能网元104，其中，
数据分析网元，用于向第一网络功能网元发送第三请求，第三请求用于请求第一数据；
第一网络功能网元，用于接收来自数据分析网元的第三请求。
当第一数据没有存储于数据库设备时，第一网络功能网元，用于向第二网络功能网元发送第四请求，第四请求用于请求第一数据。
第二网络功能网元，用于接收来自第一网络功能网元的第四请求。
第二网络功能网元，用于向第一网络功能网元发送第四响应，第四响应包括：第一数据和第三传输起始时间。
第一网络功能网元，用于接收第四响应。
第一网络功能网元，用于向数据分析网元发送第三响应。
数据分析网元，用于接收第一网络功能网元发送的第三响应，第三响应包括：第一数据、第一数据的第二传输起始时间和第一数据的第一准备时延，第二传输起始时间为第一网络功能网元传输第一数据的起始时间，第一准备时延为第一网络功能网元准备第一数据所占用的时长；
数据分析网元，用于根据第一数据的第二传输起始时间和第一数据的第二传输结束时间确定第一数据的第一传输时延，第二传输结束时间为数据分析网元从第一网络功能网元接收完第一数据的时间；
数据分析网元，用于根据第一数据的第一传输时延和第一数据的第一准备时延确定第一数据的收集时延。
其中，第一网络功能网元可以为数据库设备，当第一数据没有存储于数据库设备时，第一网络功能网元可以向第二网络功能网元请求第一数据，其中，第二网络功能网元是指具有数据提供功能的网元，例如第二网络功能网元可以是具有数据提供功能的NF。第一准备时延为第一网络功能网元准备第一数据所占用的时长，则在第三响应中包括第一准备时延，数据分析网元根据第一数据的第一传输时延和第一数据的第一准备时延确定第一数据 的收集时延，从而使得数据分析网元能够准确的获取到第一数据的收集时延。使得使用数据分析结果的网元提前预判该数据分析网元能够满足的时延要求。
在本申请实施例提供的上述通信系统中，第一网络功能网元可以向第二网络功能网元请求第一数据，第一网络功能网元在获取到第一数据之后，第一网络功能网元向数据分析网元发送第三响应，数据分析网元可以接收第一网络功能网元的第三响应，从第三响应中获取到第一数据的第二传输起始时间和第一数据的第一准备时延，根据第一数据的第二传输起始时间和第一数据的第二传输结束时间确定第一数据的第一传输时延，根据第一数据的第一传输时延和第一数据的第一准备时延确定第一数据的收集时延，解决了数据分析网元无法确定第一数据的收集时延的问题。使得使用数据分析结果的网元提前预判该数据分析网元能够满足的时延要求。
如图1d所示，通信系统100可以包括：数据分析网元101、存储功能网元102、第一网络功能网元103和第二网络功能网元104，其中，
数据分析网元，用于向第一网络功能网元发送第三请求，第三请求用于请求第一数据。
第一网络功能网元，用于接收来自数据分析网元的第三请求。
当第一数据没有存储于第一网络功能网元时，第一网络功能网元，用于向第二网络功能网元发送第五请求，第四请求用于请求第一数据。
第二网络功能网元，用于接收来自第一网络功能网元的第五请求。
第二网络功能网元，用于向第一网络功能网元发送第五响应，第五响应包括：第一数据、第四传输起始时间和第一数据的第二准备时延。
第一网络功能网元，用于接收第五响应。
其中，第一网络功能网元为第一网络功能网元。
当第一数据没有存储于第一网络功能网元时，
第一准备时延由第一网络功能网元根据第一数据的第四传输起始时间、第一数据的第四传输结束时间、和第一数据的第二准备时延得到；
例如，第一准备时延等于第一数据的第四传输结束时间减去第一数据的第四传输起始时间，再加上第一数据的第二准备时延。
其中，第一网络功能网元用于向第二网络功能网元发送第五请求，第五请求用于请求第一数据；
第二网络功能网元用于向第一网络功能网元发送第五响应，第五响应包括：第一数据、第四传输起始时间和第一数据的第二准备时延；
第四传输起始时间为第二网络功能网元传输第一数据的起始时间；
第四传输结束时间为第一网络功能网元从第二网络功能网元接收完第一数据的时间；
第二准备时延为第二网络功能网元确定第一数据所占用的时长。
第一网络功能网元，用于向数据分析网元发送第三响应。
数据分析网元，用于接收第一网络功能网元发送的第三响应，第三响应包括：第一数据、第一数据的第二传输起始时间和第一数据的第一准备时延，第二传输起始时间为第一网络功能网元传输第一数据的起始时间。第一准备时延由所述第一网络功能网元根据第一数据的第四传输起始时间、第一数据的第四传输结束时间、和第一数据的第二准备时延得 到。
数据分析网元，用于根据第一数据的第二传输起始时间和第一数据的第二传输结束时间确定第一数据的第一传输时延，第二传输结束时间为数据分析网元从第一网络功能网元接收完第一数据的时间。
例如，第一数据的第一传输时延等于第一数据的第二传输结束时间减去第一数据的第二传输起始时间。
数据分析网元，用于根据第一数据的第一传输时延和第一数据的第一准备时延确定第一数据的收集时延。
例如，第一数据的收集时延等于第一数据的第一准备时延加上第一数据的第一传输时延。
在本申请实施例提供的上述通信系统中，第一网络功能网元没有存储第一数据时，第一网络功能网元可以向第二网络功能网元请求第一数据，第二网络功能网元准备第一数据的准备时延为第二准备时延，则第一网络功能网元得到的第一准备时延中包括该第二准备时延，最后数据分析网元根据第一数据的第一传输时延和第一数据的第一准备时延确定第一数据的收集时延。解决了数据分析网元无法确定第一数据的收集时延的问题。使得使用数据分析结果的网元提前预判该数据分析网元能够满足的时延要求。
如图1e所示，通信系统100可以包括：数据分析网元101、存储功能网元102和第三网络功能网元105，其中，
第三网络功能网元，用于向数据分析网元发送第六请求。
数据分析网元，用于接收第三网络功能网元发送的第六请求，第六请求用于请求数据分析结果；
数据分析网元，用于向第三网络功能网元发送第六响应，第六响应包括：数据分析结果；
数据分析网元，用于根据第六响应确定数据分析结果的传输时延。
其中，第三网络功能网元向数据分析网元请求获取数据分析结果，例如第三网络功能网元可以是消费者网络功能(Consumer NF)网元。例如，第三网络功能网元需要获取数据分析结果时，第三网络功能网元向数据分析网元发送第六请求。
在本申请实施例提供的上述通信系统中，数据分析网元接收第六请求，然后发送第六响应，通过数据分析结果的传输，数据分析网元可以确定数据分析结果的传输时延，解决了数据分析网元无法确定数据分析结果的传输时延的问题。
如图1f所示，通信系统100可以包括：数据分析网元101、存储功能网元102和第四网络功能网元106，其中，
第四网络功能网元，用于向存储功能网元发送第七请求，第七请求用于请求数据分析网元；
存储功能网元，用于接收来自第四网络功能网元的第七请求，第七请求用于请求数据分析网元；
存储功能网元，用于向第四网络功能网元发送第七响应，第七响应包括：一个或多个数据分析网元。
第四网络功能网元，用于接收存储功能网元发送的第七响应，第七响应包括：一个或多个数据分析网元，一个或多个数据分析网元分别对应有时延信息；
第四网络功能网元，用于从一个或多个数据分析网元中确定符合第四网络功能网元的数据分析时延要求的目标数据分析网元。
其中，第四网络功能网元是请求数据分析结果的网元，例如第四网络功能网元是Consumer NF网元。例如，第四网络功能网元需要获取数据分析结果时，第四网络功能网元向数据分析网元发送第七请求。
在本申请实施例提供的上述通信系统中，数据分析网元接收第七请求，然后发送第七响应，由于第四网络功能网元可以确定一个或多个数据分析网元分别对应的时延信息，因此第四网络功能网元从一个或多个数据分析网元中确定符合第四网络功能网元的数据分析时延要求的目标数据分析网元，使得第四网络功能网元能够与该目标数据分析网元进行通信，实现第四网络功能网元在符合数据分析时延要求下的通信。
接下来以不同网元之间执行的通信方法为例进行详细说明，请参阅图2所示，本申请实施例提供的通信方法，可以包括：
201、数据分析网元向存储功能网元发送第一请求。
其中，第一请求包括：时延信息和/或指示信息，时延信息包括以下信息中的一个或者多个：第一数据的收集时延、第一数据的数据分析结果的推理时延、数据分析结果的传输时延，指示信息用于指示数据分析网元支持在指定时延内进行数据分析；第一请求用于将时延信息和/或指示信息存储到存储功能网元。
其中，数据分析网元首先确实时延信息，或者确定指示信息，或者确定时延信息和指示信息。时延信息又可以称为数据分析时延，时延信息包括以下信息中的一个或者多个：第一数据的收集时延、第一数据的数据分析结果的推理时延、数据分析结果的传输时延，其中，第一数据是数据分析网元进行分析的数据，第一数据的收集时延为数据分析网元收集第一数据所占用的时长，数据分析结果的推理时延为数据分析网元对第一数据进行推理得到数据分析结果所占用的时长，数据分析结果的传输时延为数据分析网元对数据分析结果进行传输所占用的时长，数据分析网元通过第一数据的收集时延、第一数据的数据分析结果的推理时延、数据分析结果的传输时延可以确定出整个数据分析过程所占用的时延。
例如，本申请实施例中数据分析网元发送的第一请求可以是注册请求，即数据分析网元请求注册到存储功能网元。
本申请的一些实施例中，第一请求还包括：分析标识，其中，时延信息为分析标识对应的时延信息；指示信息为分析标识对应的指示信息。
其中，数据分析网元还可以在第一请求中携带分析标识，从而时延信息和指示信息都可以对应于该分析标识，因此可以通过数据分析网元对应的分析标识确定该数据分析网元的时延信息以及指示信息。
在本申请的一些实施例中，时延信息由数据分析网元所在的区域、数据分析网元所属的网络拓扑、数据分析网元支持的硬件能力确定。
其中，数据分析网元的时延信息与该数据分析网元的自身参数有关，例如数据分析网元所在的区域、数据分析网元所属的网络拓扑、数据分析网元支持的硬件能力中的至少一 种参数可以用于确定时延信息，本申请实施例中通过数据分析网元的自身参数可以确定与该数据分析网元相应的时延信息，使得数据分析网元能够确定整个数据分析过程的时延。
本申请的一些实施例中，数据分析网元执行的通信方法还包括：
数据分析网元根据第一数据确定数据分析结果的推理时延。
其中，数据分析网元对第一数据进行分析时需要占用一定的时长，例如数据分析网元分析第一数据，以生成数据分析结果，数据分析网元生成数据分析结果所需要的时长为数据分析结果的推理时延。
举例说明如下，数据分析网元根据训练好的模型，首先确定推理时延(inference delay)，也就是数据分析网元根据推理数据输入到模型中产生推理结果，并生成数据分析结果的时延，该时延主要与数据分析网元的自身的硬件能力有关系。
202、存储功能网元接收来自数据分析网元的第一请求。
其中，第一请求包括：时延信息和/或指示信息，时延信息包括以下信息中的一个或者多个：第一数据的收集时延、第一数据的数据分析结果的推理时延、数据分析结果的传输时延，指示信息用于指示数据分析网元支持在指定时延内对第一数据进行分析；第一请求用于将时延信息和/或指示信息存储到存储功能网元。
其中，存储功能网元可以通过第一请求获取到数据分析网元的时延信息，例如存储功能网元获取到数据分析网元的第一数据的收集时延、第一数据的数据分析结果的推理时延、数据分析结果的传输时延，存储功能网元通过第一数据的收集时延、第一数据的数据分析结果的推理时延、数据分析结果的传输时延可以确定出数据分析网元的整个数据分析过程所占用的时延。或者存储功能网元获取到数据分析网元的指示信息，该指示信息用于指示数据分析网元支持在指定时延内对第一数据进行分析，例如该指示信息指示数据分析网元支持实时数据分析，或者该指示信息指示数据分析网元支持半实时数据分析。存储功能网元通过每个数据分析网元提供的指示信息，确定每个数据分析网元支持在指定时延内的数据分析，从而可以在消费者网络功能网元请求数据分析网元时，向该消费者网络功能网元返回符合特定时延要求的数据分析网元。
203、存储功能网元存储数据分析网元的时延信息和/或指示信息。例如存储功能网元将数据分析网元注册到存储功能网元中。
204、存储功能网元向数据分析网元发送第一响应，其中，第一响应用于向数据分析网元指示时延信息和/或指示信息存储成功。
205、数据分析网元接收来自存储功能网元的第一响应，第一响应用于向数据分析网元指示时延信息和/或指示信息存储成功。
其中，存储功能网元在存储了第一数据之后，向数据分析网元发送第一响应，从而使得数据分析网元可以根据该第一响应确定时延信息和/或指示信息存储成功到存储功能网元中。
请参阅图3所示，本申请实施例提供一种通信方法，该通信方法与图2实施例相同的部分，具体参见图2实施例的描述。该方法可以包括：
301、数据分析网元向第一网络功能网元发送第二请求，第二请求用于请求第一数据。
其中，数据分析网元需要分析第一数据时，数据分析网元可以向第一网络功能网元发 送第二请求，以请求第一网络功能网元发送第一数据。
302、第一网络功能网元接收来自数据分析网元的第二请求。
其中，第一网络功能网元中存储有第一数据。
303、第一网络功能网元向数据分析网元发送第二响应。
304、数据分析网元接收第一网络功能网元发送的第二响应，第二响应包括：第一数据和第一数据的第一传输起始时间，第一传输起始时间为第一网络功能网元传输第一数据的起始时间。
305、数据分析网元根据第一数据的第一传输起始时间和第一数据的第一传输结束时间确定第一数据的收集时延，第一传输结束时间为数据分析网元从第一网络功能网元接收完第一数据的时间。
例如，第一数据的收集时延可以等于第一数据的第一传输结束时间减去第一数据的第一传输起始时间。
请参阅图4所示，本申请实施例提供一种通信方法。该通信方法与图2、图3实施例相同的部分，具体参见图2、图3实施例的描述。该方法可以包括：
401、数据分析网元向第一网络功能网元发送第三请求，第三请求用于请求第一数据。
其中，数据分析网元需要分析第一数据时，数据分析网元可以向第一网络功能网元发送第三请求，以请求第一网络功能网元发送第一数据。
402、第一网络功能网元接收来自数据分析网元的第三请求。
403、第一网络功能网元向数据分析网元发送第三响应。
404、数据分析网元接收第一网络功能网元发送的第三响应，第三响应包括：第一数据、第一数据的第二传输起始时间和第一数据的第一准备时延，第二传输起始时间为第一网络功能网元传输第一数据的起始时间，第一准备时延为第一网络功能网元准备第一数据所占用的时长。
其中，第一网络功能网元准备第一数据需要占用一定的时长，例如第一准备时延为第一网络功能网元准备第一数据所占用的时长，则在第三响应中包括第一准备时延。
其中，第一网络功能网元可以为数据库设备。
当第一数据存储于第一网络功能网元时，第一数据的第一准备时延包括第一数据的查询时延，第一数据的查询时延为第一网络功能网元根据第二请求查询得到第一数据所占用的时长。
例如，数据库设备根据第二请求查询数据库设备需要占用一定的时长，第一数据的第一准备时延等于第一数据的查询时延。
405、数据分析网元根据第一数据的第二传输起始时间和第一数据的第二传输结束时间确定第一数据的第一传输时延，第二传输结束时间为数据分析网元从第一网络功能网元接收完第一数据的时间。
例如，第一数据的传输时延等于第一数据的第一传输结束时间减去第一数据的第一传输起始时间。
406、数据分析网元根据第一数据的第一传输时延和第一数据的第一准备时延确定第 一数据的收集时延。
其中，数据分析网元根据第一数据的第一传输时延和第一数据的第一准备时延确定第一数据的收集时延，例如第一数据的收集时延等于第一数据的第一传输时延加上第一数据的第一准备时延。从而使得数据分析网元能够准确的获取到第一数据的收集时延。
请参阅图5所示，本申请实施例提供一种通信方法。该通信方法与图2-图4实施例相同的部分，具体参见图2-图4实施例的描述。该方法可以包括：
501、数据分析网元向第一网络功能网元发送第三请求，第三请求用于请求第一数据；
502、第一网络功能网元接收来自数据分析网元的第三请求。
503、当第一数据没有存储于第一网络功能网元时，第一网络功能网元向第二网络功能网元发送第四请求，第四请求用于请求第一数据。
504、第二网络功能网元接收来自第一网络功能网元的第四请求。
505、第二网络功能网元向第一网络功能网元发送第四响应，第四响应包括：第一数据和第三传输起始时间。
506、第一网络功能网元接收第四响应。
其中，第一网络功能网元为第一网络功能网元。
当第一数据没有存储于第一网络功能网元时，第一准备时延由第一网络功能网元根据第一数据的第三传输起始时间和第一数据的第三传输结束时间得到；
其中，第一网络功能网元用于向第二网络功能网元发送第四请求，第四请求用于请求第一数据；
第二网络功能网元用于向第一网络功能网元发送第四响应，第四响应包括：第一数据和第三传输起始时间；
第三传输起始时间为第二网络功能网元传输第一数据的起始时间；
第三传输结束时间为第一网络功能网元从第二网络功能网元接收完第一数据的时间。
507、第一网络功能网元向数据分析网元发送第三响应。
508、数据分析网元接收第一网络功能网元发送的第三响应，第三响应包括：第一数据、第一数据的第二传输起始时间和第一数据的第一准备时延，第二传输起始时间为第一网络功能网元传输第一数据的起始时间，第一准备时延为第一网络功能网元准备第一数据所占用的时长。
509、数据分析网元根据第一数据的第二传输起始时间和第一数据的第二传输结束时间确定第一数据的第一传输时延，第二传输结束时间为数据分析网元从第一网络功能网元接收完第一数据的时间。
例如，第一数据的第一传输时延等于第一数据的第二传输结束时间减去第一数据的第二传输起始时间。
510、数据分析网元根据第一数据的第一传输时延和第一数据的第一准备时延确定第一数据的收集时延。
例如，第一数据的收集时延等于第一数据的第一准备时延，加上第一数据的第一传输时延。
本申请实施例中，第一准备时延为第一网络功能网元准备第一数据所占用的时长，则 在第三响应中包括第一准备时延，数据分析网元根据第一数据的第一传输时延和第一数据的第一准备时延确定第一数据的收集时延，从而使得数据分析网元能够准确的获取到第一数据的收集时延。
请参阅图6所示，本申请实施例提供的通信方法，该通信方法与图2-图5实施例相同的部分，具体参见图2-图5实施例的描述。该方法可以包括：
601、数据分析网元向第一网络功能网元发送第三请求，第三请求用于请求第一数据。
602、第一网络功能网元接收来自数据分析网元的第三请求。
603、当第一数据没有存储于数据库设备时，第一网络功能网元向第二网络功能网元发送第五请求，第四请求用于请求第一数据。
604、第二网络功能网元接收来自第一网络功能网元的第五请求。
605、第二网络功能网元向第一网络功能网元发送第五响应，第五响应包括：第一数据、第四传输起始时间和第一数据的第二准备时延。
606、第一网络功能网元接收第五响应。
其中，第一网络功能网元可以为数据库设备。
当第一数据没有存储于数据库设备时，第一准备时延由第一网络功能网元根据第一数据的第四传输起始时间、第一数据的第四传输结束时间、和第一数据的第二准备时延得到。
例如，第一准备时延等于第一数据的第四传输结束时间减去第一数据的第四传输起始时间，再加上第一数据的第二准备时延。
其中，第一网络功能网元用于向第二网络功能网元发送第五请求，第五请求用于请求第一数据；
第二网络功能网元用于向第一网络功能网元发送第五响应，第五响应包括：第一数据、第四传输起始时间和第一数据的第二准备时延；
第四传输起始时间为第二网络功能网元传输第一数据的起始时间；
第四传输结束时间为第一网络功能网元从第二网络功能网元接收完第一数据的时间；
第二准备时延为第二网络功能网元确定第一数据所占用的时长。
607、第一网络功能网元向数据分析网元发送第三响应。
608、数据分析网元接收第一网络功能网元发送的第三响应，第三响应包括：第一数据、第一数据的第二传输起始时间和第一数据的第一准备时延，第二传输起始时间为第一网络功能网元传输第一数据的起始时间，第一准备时延由所述第一网络功能网元根据第一数据的第四传输起始时间、第一数据的第四传输结束时间、和第一数据的第二准备时延得到。
609、数据分析网元根据第一数据的第二传输起始时间和第一数据的第二传输结束时间确定第一数据的第一传输时延，第二传输结束时间为数据分析网元从第一网络功能网元接收完第一数据的时间。
例如，第一数据的第一传输时延等于第一数据的第二传输结束时间减去第一数据的第二传输起始时间。
610、数据分析网元根据第一数据的第一传输时延和第一数据的第一准备时延确定第一数据的收集时延。
例如，第一数据的收集时延等于第一数据的第一准备时延加上第一数据的第一传输时 延。
在上述方案中，第一网络功能网元没有存储第一数据时，第一网络功能网元可以向第二网络功能网元请求第一数据，第二网络功能网元准备第一数据的准备时延为第二准备时延，则第一网络功能网元得到的第一准备时延中包括该第二准备时延，最后数据分析网元根据第一数据的第一传输时延和第一数据的第一准备时延确定第一数据的收集时延。解决了数据分析网元无法确定第一数据的收集时延的问题。使得使用数据分析结果的网元提前预判该数据分析网元能够满足的时延要求。
请参阅图7所示，本申请实施例提供的通信方法，该通信方法与图2-图6实施例相同的部分，具体参见图2-图6实施例的描述。该方法可以包括：
701、第三网络功能网元向数据分析网元发送第六请求。
702、数据分析网元接收第三网络功能网元发送的第六请求，第六请求用于请求数据分析结果；
703、数据分析网元向第三网络功能网元发送第六响应，第六响应包括：数据分析结果；
704、数据分析网元根据第六响应确定数据分析结果的传输时延。
其中，第三网络功能网元是请求数据分析结果的网元，例如第三网络功能网元是Consumer NF网元。例如，第三网络功能网元需要获取数据分析结果时，第三网络功能网元向数据分析网元发送第六请求。
进一步的，在本申请的一些实施例中，数据分析网元根据第六响应确定数据分析结果的传输时延，包括：
数据分析网元接收第三网络功能网元发送的数据分析结果的传输结束时间，数据分析结果的传输结束时间为第三网络功能网元发送完数据分析结果的时间；
数据分析网元根据数据分析结果的传输起始时间和数据分析结果的传输结束时间确定数据分析结果的传输时延，数据分析结果的传输起始时间为数据分析网元发送数据分析结果的起始时间。
其中，数据分析网元从第三网络功能网元获取到数据分析结果的传输结束时间，然后数据分析网元自行获取到数据分析结果的传输时延，例如，数据分析结果的传输时延等于数据分析结果的传输结束时间减去数据分析网元根据数据分析结果的传输起始时间。解决了数据分析网元无法确定数据分析结果的传输时延的问题。
进一步的，在本申请的一些实施例中，数据分析网元根据第六响应确定数据分析结果的传输时延，包括：
数据分析网元向第三网络功能网元发送数据分析结果的传输起始时间，数据分析结果的传输起始时间为数据分析网元发送数据分析结果的起始时间；
数据分析网元接收第三网络功能网元发送的数据分析结果的传输时延，其中，数据分析结果的传输时延由第三网络功能网元根据数据分析结果的传输起始时间和数据分析结果的传输结束时间确定，数据分析结果的传输结束时间为第三网络功能网元发送完数据分析结果的时间。
其中，数据分析网元可以向第三网络功能网元发送数据分析结果的传输起始时间，然后第三网络功能网元自行获取到数据分析结果的传输时延，例如，数据分析结果的传输时 延等于数据分析结果的传输结束时间减去数据分析网元根据数据分析结果的传输起始时间。数据分析网元接收第三网络功能网元发送的数据分析结果的传输时延，解决了数据分析网元无法确定数据分析结果的传输时延的问题。
请参阅图8所示，本申请实施例提供的通信方法，该通信方法与图2-图7实施例相同的部分，具体参见图2-图7实施例的描述。该方法可以包括：
801、第四网络功能网元向存储功能网元发送第七请求，第七请求用于请求数据分析网元。
其中，第四网络功能网元需要确定向哪个数据分析网元请求数据分析结果，第四网络功能网元向存储功能网元发送第七请求。
802、存储功能网元接收来自第四网络功能网元的第七请求，第七请求用于请求数据分析网元。
803、存储功能网元向第四网络功能网元发送第七响应，第七响应包括：一个或多个数据分析网元。
其中，存储功能网元中预先注册有多个数据分析网元，存储功能网元收到第七请求之后，存储功能网元可以生成第七响应，第七响应中包括一个或多个数据分析网元，第七响应中的数据分析网元是存储功能网元返回给第四网络功能网元的数据分析网元。
804、第四网络功能网元接收存储功能网元发送的第七响应，第七响应包括：一个或多个数据分析网元，一个或多个数据分析网元分别对应有时延信息。
其中，第四网络功能网元接收到第七响应，第四网络功能网元获取到第七响应中的一个或多个数据分析网元，该一个或多个数据分析网元分别对应有时延信息，例如第七响应中可以包括一个或多个数据分析网元分别对应有时延信息，或者第七响应中包括支持在指定时延内进行数据分析的一个或多个数据分析网元。
在本申请的一些实施例中，第七请求包括：第四网络功能网元的数据分析时延要求；
存储功能网元向第四网络功能网元发送第七响应，包括：
存储功能网元根据数据分析网元对应的时延信息确定符合数据分析时延要求的一个或多个数据分析网元；
存储功能网元向第四网络功能网元发送第七响应，第七响应包括：符合数据分析时延要求的一个或多个数据分析网元。
其中，存储功能网元获取到第四网络功能网元的数据分析时延要求，存储功能网元中预先存储有每个数据分析网元对应的时延信息，因此存储功能网元可以按照数据分析时延要求对每个数据分析网元对应的时延信息进行筛选，确定符合数据分析时延要求的一个或多个数据分析网元，存储功能网元向第四网络功能网元发送第七响应，第七响应携带符合数据分析时延要求的一个或多个数据分析网元，使得第四网络功能网元确定符合数据分析时延要求的一个或多个数据分析网元。
在本申请的一些实施例中，存储功能网元向第四网络功能网元发送第七响应，包括：
存储功能网元确定支持在指定时延内进行数据分析的一个或多个数据分析网元；
存储功能网元向第四网络功能网元发送第七响应，第七响应包括：支持在指定时延内进行数据分析的一个或多个数据分析网元。
其中，存储功能网元获取到支持在指定时延内进行数据分析的一个或多个数据分析网元，存储功能网元向第四网络功能网元发送第七响应，第七响应包括：支持在指定时延内进行数据分析的一个或多个数据分析网元，使得第四网络功能网元确定支持在指定时延内进行数据分析的一个或多个数据分析网元，再由第四网络功能网元确定出目标数据分析网元。
805、第四网络功能网元从一个或多个数据分析网元中确定符合第四网络功能网元的数据分析时延要求的目标数据分析网元。
其中，第四网络功能网元可以预先设定该第四网络功能网元的数据分析时延要求，然后按照数据分析时延要求从第七响应中的一个或多个数据分析网元确定出目标数据分析网元，该目标数据分析网元是第四网络功能网元请求数据分析结果的数据分析网元，接下来第四网络功能网元可以和目标数据分析网元进行通信，该目标数据分析网元的时延信息符合第四网络功能网元的数据分析时延要求。
在本申请的一些实施例中，第四网络功能网元从一个或多个数据分析网元中确定符合第四网络功能网元的数据分析时延要求的目标数据分析网元，包括：
第四网络功能网元从第七响应中确定一个或多个数据分析网元分别对应的时延信息；
第四网络功能网元根据一个或多个数据分析网元分别对应的时延信息以及数据分析时延要求中确定出目标数据分析网元。
其中，第四网络功能网元可以获取到每个数据分析网元分别对应的时延信息，可以按照数据分析时延要求对每个数据分析网元对应的时延信息进行筛选，确定符合数据分析时延要求的目标数据分析网元。
在本申请的一些实施例中，第四网络功能网元根据第七响应确定目标数据分析网元，包括：
第四网络功能网元向一个或多个数据分析网元分别发送数据分析时延要求；
第四网络功能网元接收符合数据分析时延要求的至少一个数据分析网元发送的时延匹配结果；
第四网络功能网元从发送时延匹配结果的至少一个数据分析网元中确定出目标数据分析网元。
其中，第四网络功能网元可以向每个数据分析网元分别发送数据分析时延要求，由每个数据分析网元自行根据符合数据分析时延要求和自己的时延信息进行匹配，符合数据分析时延要求的至少一个数据分析网元向第四网络功能网元发送时延匹配结果，第四网络功能网元确定发送时延匹配结果的至少一个数据分析网元，再由第四网络功能网元确定出目标数据分析网元。
为便于更好的理解和实施本申请实施例的上述方案，下面举例相应的应用场景来进行具体说明。
如图9所示，为本申请实施例提供的通信方法所使用的一种系统架构示意图，在该系统架构中可以包括：用户数据库(user data repository，UDR)、NEF网元、NWDAF网元、AF网元、PCF网元、NRF网元、操作管理和维护(operation，administration and maintenance，OAM)、AMF网元、SMF网元、UPF网元、RAN设备和UE。
其中，NWDAF可以是前述的数据分析网元，NWDAF用于确定时延信息，例如时延信息也可以称为分析时延，分析时延包括以下时延的一个或者多个：数据准备时延、数据传输时延、推理时延、分析结果传输时延。
NWDAF用于向NRF发送请求1，请求1用于将NWDAF注册到NRF。例如，NWDAF将该NWDAF支持的能力信息(例如是请求1中包括的信息)注册到NRF上，请求1包括以下信息中的一个或者多个：分析时延、分析结果的标识、支持实时或者半实时数据分析的指示信息。其中，实时或者半实时跟时延相关，例如实时数据分析是指请求进行分析就能立刻得到响应，半实时数据分析是指请求了之后，过一段时间(如五分钟)再响应。NRF存储请求1中的分析时延，或者支持实时或者半实时数据分析的指示信息，然后NRF向NWDAF发送响应1，NWDAF用于从NRF接收响应1，响应1用于指示NWDAF分析时延信息注册成功。
NRF可以是前述的存储功能网元，NRF用于从NWDAF接收请求1，请求1用于注册NWDAF，请求1包括分析时延、分析结果的标识和支持实时或者半实时数据分析的指示信息。NRF用于向NWDAF发送响应1，响应1用于指示NWDAF分析时延信息注册成功。NRF还用于从Consumer NF接收请求2，请求2用于请求NWDAF，请求2包括分析时延要求以及分析结果的标识(Analytics ID)，该分析结果的标识也可以称为分析标识，用于指示NRF返回支持该Analytics ID类型的数据分析结果。NRF用于向Consumer NF发送响应2，响应2中包括一个或者多个NWDAF。
Consumer NF可以是前述的第四网络功能网元，例如Consumer NF直接与NRF协商确定满足时延要求的NWDAF。Consumer NF用于向NRF发送请求2，请求2用于请求NWDAF，请求2中包括分析时延要求以及分析结果的标识；Consumer NF用于从NRF接收响应2，响应2包括一个或者多个NWDAF；Consumer NF用于从一个或者多个NWDAF中选择一个满足要求的NWDAF。例如，响应2包括的一个或者多个NWDAF都满足条件，Consumer NF可以随机挑选一个NWDAF，然后向挑选的NWDAF请求数据分析结果。又如，Consumer NF先与NRF查询得到支持实时数据分析的NWDAF，然后与NWDAF协商可以满足的时延。Consumer NF向NRF发送请求3，请求3用于请求一个或者多个NWDAF，请求3中包括支持实时数据分析的指示信息以及分析结果的标识；Consumer NF从NRF接受响应3，响应3中包括一个或者多个NWDAF；Consumer NF向每个NWDAF发送分析时延要求，从NWDAF确认是否满足分析时延要求，最终从满足要求的NWDAF中选择一个合适的NWDAF，向该NWDAF请求数据分析结果。
在图9中，NWDAF可以直接向NF(如NF可以是AMF、SMF、UPF、或者AF)收集数据，但是在多个NWDAF部署情况下，如果不同的NWDAF请求同一份数据，那么NF就需要向这些NWDAF分部提供相同的一份数据，造成NF的数据传输压力的问题。
如图10所示，为基于DCCF的数据收集架构，NWDAF1和NWDAF2可以向DCCF请求数据，在DCCF中没有存储该数据时，DCCF可以向NF-A和NFB请求数据。其中，NF-A可以包括NF-A实例(instance)1、NF-A实例2，NF-B可以包括NF-B实例1和NF-B实例2，NWDAF1可以包括NWDAF1实例1、NWDAF1实例2，NWDAF2可以包括NWDAF实例1和NWDAF实例2。
DCCF网元可以是前述的第一网络功能网元，DCCF网元在多NWDAF部署情况下，NWDAF首先向DCCF请求数据，如果DCCF本地数据库中没有保存该NWDAF要请求的数据，则DCCF才会进一步向NF请求数据，然后DCCF将数据发送给该NWDAF；如果通过数据库查询确定 DCCF本地数据库中已经保存了该NWDAF要请求的数据，则DCCF复制一份该数据，直接向该NWDAF返回数据。例如，假设NWDAF 1第一个向DCCF请求了一份数据，DCCF获得这部分数据后，除了要向NWDAF1发送这份数据，这份数据也会存在本地数据库；随后NWDAF 2也向DCCF请求同样的数据，那么DCCF本地数据库因为已经存储了这份数据，所以DCCF无需再向NF请求，可以直接从DCCF的本地数据库中取出发给NWDAF 2。如果此时有其他一个或者多个NWDAF向该DCCF请求该数据，DCCF只需要复制该数据，并向一个或多个NWDAF发送该数据，无需再向NF收集该数据。这样就可以保证NF只用向DCCF提供一份数据即可，NF的数据传输压力大大降低。
接下来以三个实施例进行详细说明。如下实施例是对前述实施例的举例描述。与前述实施例相同的内容具体参见前述方法实施例的描述。前述实施例中的网元，消息交互具体可以参见如下三个实施例的描述。
实施例一
如图11所示，主要包括如下流程：
S00.支持实时数据分析的NWDAF针对分析标识(Analytics ID)触发数据分析，比如，触发数据分析的触发条件可以是NWDAF从训练平台获取并本地部署好了模型。例如该模型是指机器学习模型，如业务体验模型(service experience model或者service平均意见分(mean opinion score，MOS)model)，可以表征业务体验与网络参数(QoS flow bit rate或者QoS flow latency)的对应关系，NWDAF使用上述模型，并且知道某个业务流的网络参数值，就可以评估得到业务体验。
需要说明的是，支持同一个Analytics ID分析的NWDAF可以是一个或者多个。不同的NWDAF支持的硬件能力、NWDAF的部署位置不同，那么针对该Analytics ID从数据收集到推理数据分析结果所产生的时延就不同，因此存在后续根据数据分析时延要求进行NWDAF选择的问题。其中，NWDAF支持的硬件能力主要影响数据分析结果的推理时延，NWDAF的部署位置可以影响推理数据的收集时延。
S01.离线数据收集过程中，NWDAF确定Analytics ID对应的训练数据或者推理数据收集时延。
S01a.NWDAF触发到NF的NF事件能力开放订阅服务Nnf_EventExposure_Subscribe，向NF发起数据订阅，其中，服务中包括事件标识(Event ID)，用于指示要订阅的数据类型。
NF在收集数据过程中，NF记录样本数据的准备时延(data preparation time)，并且确定向NWDAF发送样本数据的起始时间，也就是数据传输开始时间(start time for data transfer)。
S01b.NF触发到NWDAF的NF事件能力开放通知服务Nnf_EventExposure_Notify，将收集到的数据发送给NWDAF。其中，服务中包括收集到的数据、数据准备时延以及数据传输的起始时间。
S01c.NWDAF接收到数据后，记录从NF接收到数据的时间，也就是数据传输结束时间(end time for data transfer)，进而确定数据传输时延(data transfer delay)，也就是数据传输时延＝end time for data transfer-start time for data transfer；最后确 定数据收集时延(data collection delay)，data collection delay＝data transfer delay+data preparation delay。
S02.NWDAF确定Analytics ID支持的数据分析时延。根据训练好的模型，NWDAF首先确定推理时延(inference delay)，也就是NWDAF根据推理数据输入到模型中产生推理结果，并生成数据分析结果的时延，这个时延主要与NWDAF自身的硬件能力(如NWDAF的内存大小、图形处理器(graphics processing unit，GPU)个数等)有关系；最终确定数据分析时延(supported analytics delay)＝inference Delay+data collection delay。
S03.NWDAF触发到NRF的NRF网元注册请求/响应服务Nnrf_NFManagement_NFRegister_Request/Rsp，将Analytics ID支持的数据分析时延注册到NRF。这其中，服务中包括NWDAF的地址、数据分析标识Analytics ID以及对应的数据分析时延(supported analytics delay)。可选的，数据分析时延可以被包括在实时通信能力信息(Real-time communication capability information)信元中。
如图12所示，NRF可以连接N个NWDAF，分别为位于区域1中的NWDAF1、位于区域2中的NWDAF2、...、位于区域N中的NWDAFN，每个NWDAF的Analytics ID等于服务(service)平均意见分(mean opinion score，MOS)。每个NWDAF包括一定个数的GPU，每个NWDAF连接5G核心网(core network)中的NF，例如NWDAF1连接5GC NF1，NWDAF2连接5GC NF2，...，NWDAF N连接5GC NFN。支持同一个Analytics ID分析的一个或者多个NWDAF数据分析时延可以相同，也可以不同，跟NWDAF所在的区域、网络拓扑、NWDAF所支持的硬件能力有关系。
每个NWDAF都可以支持Analytics ID＝service MOS的数据分析，例如NWDAF 1的区域为追踪区域(tracking area，TA)1-TA 10，NWDAF 1的GPU个数为3，NWDAF 2的区域为TA5-TA 20，NWDAF 2的GPU个数为5，NWDAF 3的区域为TA1-TA 10，NWDAF 3的GPU个数为5。NWDAF 1跟NWDAF 2有区域重叠(追踪区域(tracking area，TA)5-TA 10)，也就是说在这个重叠区域，NWDAF 1和NWDAF 2都可以提供service MOS，5个GPU要比3个GPU要多，并行计算能力强，因此NWDAF 2中硬件能力更强，推理产生service MOS的时延更短，因此假设UE需要在该重叠区域内请求service MOS，选NWDAF 2比较合适。
相应地，如果NWDAF的硬件能力相同，可以选择离UE请求service MOS位置最近的NWDAF进行数据分析，因为该NWDAF收集数据的时延变短。
S04.Consumer NF想要获取Analytics ID对应的数据分析结果，首先确定产生数据分析结果的时延要求(expected analytics delay(或者analytics delay Requirement或者Desired analytics delay))，然后Consumer NF触发到NRF的NRF网元发现请求/响应服务Nnrf_NFDiscovery_Request/Rsp，根据expected analytics delay向NRF请求得到满足该时延要求的一个或者多个NWDAF地址。Consumer NF从中选择一个NWDAF，作为后续向其请求数据分析结果的目标NWDAF。
S05.Consumer NF触发到NWDAF的NWDAF数据分析结果订阅服务Nnwdaf_AnalyticsSubscription_Subscribe，向NWDAF订阅Analytics ID对应的数据分析结果。可选的，Consumer NF在服务中指示NWDAF数据分析时延要求，使得NWDAF按照数据分析时延要求及时反馈数据分析结果。
S06.NWDAF进行推理数据收集。
S06a.NWDAF触发到NF的NF网元事件能力开放订阅服务Nnf_EventExposure_Subscribe，用于收集推理数据。NWDAF可以在服务中指示NF数据收集的时延要求(expected data collection delay)。
S06b.NF触发到NWDAF的NF网元事件能力开放通知服务Nnf_EventExposure_Notify(Collected data)。NF按照数据收集时延要求及时收集，并上报推理数据。
S07.NWDAF触发到Consumer NF的NWDAF数据分析结果订阅通知服务Nnwdaf_AnalyticsSubscription_Notify，向Consumer NF提供Analytics ID对应的数据分析结果。
通过前述举例说明可知，本申请实施例中说明了Real-time communication capability information中需要包括的信息，NWDAF确定Real-time communication capability information，明确Consumer NF与NRF交互，以找到合适的支持实时数据分析的NWDAF。本申请实施例中NF作为数据提供方，需要记录样本数据准备时延以及数据传输的起始时间，NWDAF需要记录数据传输的结束时间，计算数据传输时延，进而确定支持的数据分析时延，并将NWDAF注册到NRF，Consumer NF根据数据分析时延的要求通过NRF寻找符合要求的NWDAF。
实施例二
如图13所示，主要包括如下流程：
S10-S12.同实施例一中的S00-S02。
S13.NWDAF触发到NRF的NRF网元注册请求/响应服务Nnrf_NFManagement_NFRegister_Request/Rsp。
相对于实施例一，NWDAF在注册到NRF过程中，仅指示NRF该NWDAF针对某个Analytics ID支持在指定时延内进行数据分析，但并不告知NRF具体支持的分析时延(supported analytics delay)。其中，该指定时延可以是NWDAF内部配置的时延阈值或者时延区间，比如大于等于数据分析时延X，小于等于数据分析时延Y，只有满足时延阈值或者时延区间的情况下，NWDAF才会向NRF发送指示信息。
S14.Consumer NF触发到NRF的NRF网元发现请求/响应服务Nnrf_NFDiscovery_Request/Rsp。
相对于实施例一，Consumer NF在通过NRF查找NWDAF过程中，通过指示信息(Support of real-time communication capability indicator)，指示NRF返回针对Analytics ID支持实时数据分析的一个或者多个NWDAF。
S15.Consumer NF向NWDAF发送分析延迟协商请求Analytics delay negotiation Request，并接收NWDAF发送的协商结果。
Consumer NF通过数据分析时延要求(expected analytics delay)与来自NRF的一个或者多个NWDAF一一协商是否可以满足数据分析时延要求，NWDAF通过比较supported analytics delay与expected analytics delay确定该NWDAF自己是否可以满足Consumer NF的时延要求，若supported analytics delay小于等于expected analytics delay，则满足Consumer NF的时延要求；否则不满足Consumer NF的时延要求，并告知Consumer NF。 Consumer NF从能满足时延要求的NWDAF中选择一个NWDAF，作为后续向其请求数据分析结果的目标NWDAF。
另一种可能的实现方式中，Consumer NF可以在步骤S15请求Analytics ID对应的supported analytics delay，然后将supported analytics delay与expected analytics delay之间进行比较，确定该NWDAF能否满足时延要求，如果满足，就作为后续向其请求数据分析结果的目标NWDAF。
S16-S18.同实施例一步骤S05-S07。
本申请实施例中，Consumer NF可以持续与NWDAF协商分析时延要求是否满足，使得Consumer NF可以确定出满足时延要求的目标NWDAF。
实施例三
实施例一和实施例二都是基于数据管理集成在NWDAF内部，在实施例三中，针对多个NWDAF部署情况下，引入了DCCF辅助高效收集数据。
如图14所示，主要包括如下流程：
S20.同实施例一中的S00。
S21.NWDA进行训练数据收集，主要包括：
S21a.NWDAF触发到DCCF的DCCF事件能力开放订阅服务Ndccf_EventExposure_Subscribe，向DCCF请求数据。
S21b.DCCF触发到NF的NF事件能力开放订阅/通知服务Nnf_EventExposure_Subscribe/Nnf_EventExposure_Notify，向NF请求数据。然后，NF触发到DCCF的NF事件能力开放通知服务Nnf_EventExposure_Notify，向DCCF发送数据，其中，该服务中包括收集到的数据(collected data)、NF上的数据准备时延(data preparation delay)、从NF到DCCF的数据传输开始时间(start time for data transfer from NF)。
S21c.DCCF触发到NWDAF的DCCF事件能力开放通知服务Ndccf_EventExposure_Notify，向NWDAF发送收集到的数据。其中，该服务中包括收集到的数据(collected data)、DCCF本地数据查询时延(query delay)、从DCCF到NWDAF的数据传输开始时间(start time for data transfer from DCCF)、NF上的数据准备时延(data preparation delay)、NF与DCCF之间的数据传输时延(data transfer delay between NF and DCCF)。
S21d.NWDAF确定数据收集时延，该数据收集时延包括数据准备时延、数据传输时延(NF->DCCF,DCCF->NWDAF)、数据库查询时延。其中，NF->DCCF表示从NF到DCCF的传输时延，DCCF->NWDAF表示从DCCF到NWDAF的传输时延。
S22.NWDAF确定数据分析时延，数据分析时延包括数据收集时延和推理时延。
在采用DCCF存储数据的情况下，如果DCCF本地数据库中已经保存了NWDAF要请求的数据，则通过本地数据库查询直接可以返回请求的数据。如果本地数据库中没有保存NWDAF要请求的数据，则DCCF首先会触发到NF(数据提供者)的数据收集请求，请求得到数据之后，发送给NWDAF。通过这种机制，在多个NWDAF请求同一份数据时，避免重复从NF(数据提供者)收集数据。
相对于实施例一，实施例三中主要是在NWDAF与数据提供方NF之间引入了DCCF以及数据库机制，但是数据库不在网络中体现，可以认为数据库跟DCCF合设，于是会引入数据查询时延，若NWDAF向DCCF请求Event ID对应的数据。若DCCF侧数据库已经有了数据，此时DCCF只需要复制和响应数据即可，只有新引入DCCF本地数据查询时延加上DCCF与NWDAF之间传输时延，但是不会有数据准备时延，此时数据收集时延为：{数据查询时延+DCCF与NWDAF之间的数据传输时延}，其中数据查询时延为DCCF本地数据库查询带来的时延。
若DCCF侧数据库没有数据，则除了引入查询时延，还会引入NF的数据准备时延以及DCCF与NF之间数据传输时延，此时数据收集时延为：
{数据查询时延+数据准备时延+NF与DCCF之间的数据传输时延(即NF->DCCF数据传输时延)+DCCF与NWDAF之间的数据传输时延(即DCCF->NWDAF数据传输时延)}。
其中，虽然DCCF的数据库中没有数据，但是同样会引入数据查询时延，数据准备时延为NF本地收集数据的时延，
S23-S27.同实施例一步骤S03-S07。
对于确定分析结果推理时延以及其他步骤同实施例一。
在NWDAF数据收集时，引入了DCCF(包括本地数据库)，数据收集的过程发生了变化，数据库中没有所请求的数据时，导致数据收集时延增加，数据库中包括请求数据时，减少数据收集时延，因此会对数据分析时延产生影响。
本申请实施例中，在训练阶段，训练平台将模型发布在NWDAF上，NWDAF确定Analytics ID支持的分析时延，分析时延包括数据准备时延和数据传输时延和数据分析结果产生的推理时延。NWDAF针对Analytics ID将其支持的分析时延注册到NRF上。Consumer NF根据Analytics ID、分析时延要求向NRF查询符合分析时延要求的NWDAF，并向其请求Analytics ID对应的数据分析结果。
本申请实施例提出了支持实时数据分析的网元，NWDAF可以评估针对某个Analytics ID能够满足的分析时延，辅助Consumer NF按需查找合适的NWDAF实时或者半实时获取数据分析结果。
需要说明的是，对于前述的各方法实施例，为了简单描述，故将其都表述为一系列的动作组合，但是本领域技术人员应该知悉，本申请并不受所描述的动作顺序的限制，因为依据本申请，某些步骤可以采用其他顺序或者同时进行。其次，本领域技术人员也应该知悉，说明书中所描述的实施例均属于优选实施例，所涉及的动作和模块并不一定是本申请所必须的。
为便于更好的实施本申请实施例的上述方案，下面还提供用于实施上述方案的相关装置。
请参阅图15所示，本申请实施例提供的一种数据分析网元1500，可以包括：发送模块1501、接收模块1502，其中，
发送模块，用于向存储功能网元发送第一请求，其中，所述第一请求包括：时延信息和/或指示信息，所述时延信息包括以下信息中的一个或者多个：第一数据的收集时延、所述第一数据的数据分析结果的推理时延、所述数据分析结果的传输时延，其中，所述指示 信息用于指示所述数据分析网元支持在指定时延内进行数据分析；所述第一请求用于将所述时延信息和/或指示信息存储到所述存储功能网元；
接收模块，用于接收来自所述存储功能网元的第一响应，所述第一响应用于向所述数据分析网元指示所述时延信息和/或指示信息存储成功。
进一步的，数据分析网元1500还可以包括：处理模块1503，处理模块1503可以控制发送模块1501执行发送动作，处理模块1503可以控制接收模块1502执行接收动作。处理模块1503用于执行上述方法实施例中数据分析网元的数据处理操作。发送模块1501用于执行上述方法实施例中数据分析网元的数据发送操作，接收模块1502用于执行上述方法实施例中数据分析网元的数据接收操作。
在本申请的上述实施例中，数据分析网元向存储功能网元发送第一请求，其中，第一请求包括：时延信息和/或指示信息，时延信息包括以下信息中的一个或者多个：第一数据的收集时延、第一数据的数据分析结果的推理时延、数据分析结果的传输时延；指示信息用于指示数据分析网元支持在指定时延内进行数据分析；第一请求用于将时延信息和/或指示信息存储到存储功能网元，数据分析网元接收来自存储功能网元的第一响应，第一响应用于向数据分析网元指示时延信息和/或指示信息存储成功。由于数据分析网元发送的第一请求中可以包括时延信息，而该时延信息可以包括以下信息中的一个或者多个：第一数据的收集时延、第一数据的数据分析结果的推理时延、数据分析结果的传输时延，或者第一请求中包括指示信息，该指示信息指示数据分析网元支持在指定时延内进行数据分析，因此存储功能网元可以根据接收到的第一请求信息将时延信息和/或指示信息存储到存储功能网元中，使得数据分析网元确定数据分析的时延，使得使用数据分析结果的网元提前预判该数据分析网元能够满足的时延要求。
请参阅图16所示，本申请实施例提供的一种存储功能网元1600，可以包括：发送模块1601、接收模块1602，其中，
接收模块，用于接收来自数据分析网元的第一请求，其中，所述第一请求包括：时延信息和/或指示信息，所述时延信息包括以下信息中的一个或者多个：第一数据的收集时延、所述第一数据的数据分析结果的推理时延、所述数据分析结果的传输时延，其中，所述指示信息用于指示所述数据分析网元支持在指定时延内对所述第一数据进行分析；所述第一请求用于将所述时延信息和/或指示信息存储到所述存储功能网元；
发送模块，用于向所述数据分析网元发送第一响应，其中，所述第一响应用于向所述数据分析网元指示所述时延信息和/或所述指示信息存储成功。
进一步的，存储功能网元1600还可以包括：处理模块1603，处理模块1603可以控制发送模块1601执行发送动作，处理模块1603可以控制接收模块1602执行接收动作。处理模块1603用于执行上述方法实施例中存储功能网元1600的数据处理操作。发送模块1601用于执行上述方法实施例中存储功能网元1600的数据发送操作，接收模块1602用于执行上述方法实施例中存储功能网元的数据接收操作。
在本申请的上述实施例中，存储功能网元接收来自数据分析网元的第一请求，其中，第一请求包括：时延信息和/或指示信息，时延信息包括以下信息中的一个或者多个：第一数据的收集时延、第一数据的数据分析结果的推理时延、数据分析结果的传输时延；指 示信息用于指示数据分析网元支持在指定时延内对第一数据进行分析；第一请求用于将时延信息和/或指示信息存储到存储功能网元；存储功能网元根据该第一请求向数据分析网元发送第一响应，其中，第一响应用于向数据分析网元指示时延信息和/或指示信息存储成功。由于存储功能网元可以接收到来自数据分析网元的第一请求，因此存储功能网元可以获取到存储功能网元的时延信息，从而存储功能网元可以确定以下信息中的一个或者多个：第一数据的收集时延、第一数据的数据分析结果的推理时延、数据分析结果的传输时延。或者存储功能网元可以获取到存储功能网元的指示信息，从而存储功能网元可以确定数据分析网元支持在指定时延内对第一数据进行分析，因此存储功能网元可以获取到数据分析网元的数据分析的时延，使得使用数据分析结果的网元提前预判该数据分析网元能够满足的时延要求。
请参阅图17所示，本申请实施例提供的一种第四网络功能网元1700，可以包括：发送模块1701、接收模块1702和处理模块1703，其中，
处理模块，用于向存储功能网元发送第七请求，所述第七请求用于请求数据分析网元；
所述处理模块，用于接收所述存储功能网元发送的第七响应，所述第七响应包括：一个或多个数据分析网元，所述一个或多个数据分析网元分别对应有时延信息；
所述处理模块，用于从所述一个或多个数据分析网元中确定符合所述第四网络功能网元的数据分析时延要求的目标数据分析网元。
处理模块1703可以控制发送模块1701执行发送动作，处理模块1703可以控制接收模块1702执行接收动作。处理模块1703用于执行上述方法实施例中第四网络功能网元1700的数据处理操作。发送模块1701用于执行上述方法实施例中第四网络功能网元1700的数据发送操作，接收模块1702用于执行上述方法实施例中第四网络功能网元的数据接收操作。
在本申请的上述实施例中，第四网络功能网元向存储功能网元发送第七请求，第七请求用于请求数据分析网元；第四网络功能网元接收存储功能网元发送的第七响应，第七响应包括：一个或多个数据分析网元，一个或多个数据分析网元分别对应有时延信息；第四网络功能网元从一个或多个数据分析网元中确定符合第四网络功能网元的数据分析时延要求的目标数据分析网元。由于第四网络功能网元可以确定一个或多个数据分析网元分别对应的时延信息，因此第四网络功能网元从一个或多个数据分析网元中确定符合第四网络功能网元的数据分析时延要求的目标数据分析网元，使得第四网络功能网元能够与该目标数据分析网元进行通信，实现第四网络功能网元在符合数据分析时延要求下的通信。
需要说明的是，上述装置各模块/单元之间的信息交互、执行过程等内容，由于与本申请方法实施例基于同一构思，其带来的技术效果与本申请方法实施例相同，具体内容可参见本申请前述所示的方法实施例中的叙述，此处不再赘述。
本申请实施例还提供一种计算机存储介质，其中，该计算机存储介质存储有程序，该程序执行包括上述方法实施例中记载的部分或全部步骤。
接下来介绍本申请实施例提供的另一种数据分析网元，请参阅图18所示，数据分析网元1800包括：
接收器1801、发射器1802、处理器1803和存储器1804(其中数据分析网元1800中 的处理器1803的数量可以一个或多个，图18中以一个处理器为例)。在本申请的一些实施例中，接收器1801、发射器1802、处理器1803和存储器1804可通过总线或其它方式连接，其中，图18中以通过总线连接为例。在一种可能的实现方式中，接收器1801可以具体的是通信接口或者接口电路发送模块1501，发射器1802可以具体的是通信接口或者接口电路接收模块1502，接收器1801和发射器1802用于数据分析网元与外部网元进行信息交互。
存储器1804可以包括只读存储器和随机存取存储器，并向处理器1803提供指令和数据。存储器1804的一部分还可以包括非易失性随机存取存储器(non-volatile random access memory，NVRAM)。存储器1804存储有操作系统和操作指令、可执行模块或者数据结构，或者它们的子集，或者它们的扩展集，其中，操作指令可包括各种操作指令，用于实现各种操作。操作系统可包括各种系统程序，用于实现各种基础业务以及处理基于硬件的任务。
处理器1803控制数据分析网元的操作，处理器1803还可以称为中央处理单元(central processing unit，CPU)。具体的应用中，数据分析网元的各个组件通过总线系统耦合在一起，其中总线系统除包括数据总线之外，还可以包括电源总线、控制总线和状态信号总线等。但是为了清楚说明起见，在图中将各种总线都称为总线系统。
上述本申请实施例揭示的方法可以应用于处理器1803中，或者由处理器1803实现。处理器1803可以是一种集成电路芯片，具有信号的处理能力。在实现过程中，上述方法的各步骤可以通过处理器1803中的硬件的集成逻辑电路或者软件形式的指令完成。上述的处理器1803可以是通用处理器、数字信号处理器(digital signal processing，DSP)、专用集成电路(application specific integrated circuit，ASIC)、现场可编程门阵列(field-programmable gate array，FPGA)或者其他可编程逻辑器件、分立门或者晶体管逻辑器件、分立硬件组件。可以实现或者执行本申请实施例中的公开的各方法、步骤及逻辑框图。通用处理器可以是微处理器或者该处理器也可以是任何常规的处理器等。结合本申请实施例所公开的方法的步骤可以直接体现为硬件译码处理器执行完成，或者用译码处理器中的硬件及软件模块组合执行完成。软件模块可以位于随机存储器，闪存、只读存储器，可编程只读存储器或者电可擦写可编程存储器、寄存器等本领域成熟的存储介质中。该存储介质位于存储器1804，处理器1803读取存储器1804中的信息，结合其硬件完成上述方法的步骤。
接收器1801可用于接收输入的数字或字符信息，以及产生与数据分析网元的相关设置以及功能控制有关的信号输入，发射器1802可包括显示屏等显示设备，发射器1802可用于通过外接接口输出数字或字符信息。
本申请实施例中，处理器1803，用于执行前述数据分析网元执行的通信方法。
处理器1803可以是上述处理模块1503。
处理器1803执行存储器1804中的数据，使得数据分析网元执行前述的通信方法。
接下来介绍本申请实施例提供的另一种存储功能网元，请参阅图19所示，存储功能网元1900包括：
接收器1901、发射器1902、处理器1903和存储器1904(其中存储功能网元1900中 的处理器1903的数量可以一个或多个，图19中以一个处理器为例)。在本申请的一些实施例中，接收器1901、发射器1902、处理器1903和存储器1904可通过总线或其它方式连接，其中，图19中以通过总线连接为例。在一种可能的实现方式中，接收器1901可以具体的是通信接口或者接口电路发送模块1601，发射器1902可以具体的是通信接口或者接口电路接收模块1602，接收器1901和发射器1902用于存储功能网元与外部网元进行信息交互。
存储器1904可以包括只读存储器和随机存取存储器，并向处理器1903提供指令和数据。存储器1904的一部分还可以包括NVRAM。存储器1904存储有操作系统和操作指令、可执行模块或者数据结构，或者它们的子集，或者它们的扩展集，其中，操作指令可包括各种操作指令，用于实现各种操作。操作系统可包括各种系统程序，用于实现各种基础业务以及处理基于硬件的任务。
处理器1903控制存储功能网元的操作，处理器1903还可以称为CPU。具体的应用中，存储功能网元的各个组件通过总线系统耦合在一起，其中总线系统除包括数据总线之外，还可以包括电源总线、控制总线和状态信号总线等。但是为了清楚说明起见，在图中将各种总线都称为总线系统。
上述本申请实施例揭示的方法可以应用于处理器1903中，或者由处理器1903实现。处理器1903可以是一种集成电路芯片，具有信号的处理能力。在实现过程中，上述方法的各步骤可以通过处理器1903中的硬件的集成逻辑电路或者软件形式的指令完成。上述的处理器1903可以是通用处理器、DSP、ASIC、FPGA或者其他可编程逻辑器件、分立门或者晶体管逻辑器件、分立硬件组件。可以实现或者执行本申请实施例中的公开的各方法、步骤及逻辑框图。通用处理器可以是微处理器或者该处理器也可以是任何常规的处理器等。结合本申请实施例所公开的方法的步骤可以直接体现为硬件译码处理器执行完成，或者用译码处理器中的硬件及软件模块组合执行完成。软件模块可以位于随机存储器，闪存、只读存储器，可编程只读存储器或者电可擦写可编程存储器、寄存器等本领域成熟的存储介质中。该存储介质位于存储器1904，处理器1903读取存储器1904中的信息，结合其硬件完成上述方法的步骤。
本申请实施例中，处理器1903，用于执行存储功能网元执行的通信方法。
处理器1903可以是上述处理模块1603。
处理器1903执行存储器1904中的数据，使得存储功能网元执行前述的通信方法。
接下来介绍本申请实施例提供的另一种第四网络功能网元，请参阅图20所示，第四网络功能网元2000包括：
接收器2001、发射器2002、处理器2003和存储器2004(其中第四网络功能网元2000中的处理器2003的数量可以一个或多个，图20中以一个处理器为例)。在本申请的一些实施例中，接收器2001、发射器2002、处理器2003和存储器2004可通过总线或其它方式连接，其中，图20中以通过总线连接为例。在一种可能的实现方式中，接收器2001可以具体的是通信接口或者接口电路发送模块1701，发射器2002可以具体的是通信接口或者接口电路接收模块1702，接收器2001和发射器2002用于第四网络功能网元与外部网元进行信息交互。
存储器2004可以包括只读存储器和随机存取存储器，并向处理器2003提供指令和数据。存储器2004的一部分还可以包括NVRAM。存储器2004存储有操作系统和操作指令、可执行模块或者数据结构，或者它们的子集，或者它们的扩展集，其中，操作指令可包括各种操作指令，用于实现各种操作。操作系统可包括各种系统程序，用于实现各种基础业务以及处理基于硬件的任务。
处理器2003控制第四网络功能网元的操作，处理器2003还可以称为CPU。具体的应用中，第四网络功能网元的各个组件通过总线系统耦合在一起，其中总线系统除包括数据总线之外，还可以包括电源总线、控制总线和状态信号总线等。但是为了清楚说明起见，在图中将各种总线都称为总线系统。
上述本申请实施例揭示的方法可以应用于处理器2003中，或者由处理器2003实现。处理器2003可以是一种集成电路芯片，具有信号的处理能力。在实现过程中，上述方法的各步骤可以通过处理器2003中的硬件的集成逻辑电路或者软件形式的指令完成。上述的处理器2003可以是通用处理器、DSP、ASIC、FPGA或者其他可编程逻辑器件、分立门或者晶体管逻辑器件、分立硬件组件。可以实现或者执行本申请实施例中的公开的各方法、步骤及逻辑框图。通用处理器可以是微处理器或者该处理器也可以是任何常规的处理器等。结合本申请实施例所公开的方法的步骤可以直接体现为硬件译码处理器执行完成，或者用译码处理器中的硬件及软件模块组合执行完成。软件模块可以位于随机存储器，闪存、只读存储器，可编程只读存储器或者电可擦写可编程存储器、寄存器等本领域成熟的存储介质中。该存储介质位于存储器2004，处理器2003读取存储器2004中的信息，结合其硬件完成上述方法的步骤。
本申请实施例中，处理器2003，用于执行第四网络功能网元执行的通信方法。
处理器2003可以是上述处理模块1703。
处理器2003执行存储器2004中的数据，使得第四网络功能网元执行前述的通信方法。
在另一种可能的设计中，当数据分析网元、存储功能网元、第四网络功能网元为芯片时，芯片包括：处理单元和通信单元，所述处理单元例如可以是处理器，所述通信单元例如可以是输入/输出接口、管脚或电路等。该处理单元可执行存储单元存储的计算机执行指令，以使数据分析网元内的芯片执行上述第一方面任意一项的通信方法，存储功能网元内的芯片执行上述第二方面任意一项的通信方法，以使第四网络功能网元内的芯片执行上述第三方面任意一项的通信方法。可选地，所述存储单元为所述芯片内的存储单元，如寄存器、缓存等，所述存储单元还可以是所述终端内的位于所述芯片外部的存储单元，如只读存储器(read-only memory，ROM)或可存储静态信息和指令的其他类型的静态存储设备，随机存取存储器(random access memory，RAM)等。
其中，上述任一处提到的处理器，可以是一个通用中央处理器，微处理器，ASIC，或一个或多个用于控制上述方法的程序执行的集成电路。
另外需说明的是，以上所描述的装置实施例仅仅是示意性的，其中所述作为分离部件说明的单元可以是或者也可以不是物理上分开的，作为单元显示的部件可以是或者也可以不是物理单元，即可以位于一个地方，或者也可以分布到多个网络单元上。可以根据实际 的需要选择其中的部分或者全部模块来实现本实施例方案的目的。另外，本申请提供的装置实施例附图中，模块之间的连接关系表示它们之间具有通信连接，具体可以实现为一条或多条通信总线或信号线。
通过以上的实施方式的描述，所属领域的技术人员可以清楚地了解到本申请可借助软件加必需的通用硬件的方式来实现，当然也可以通过专用硬件包括专用集成电路、专用CPU、专用存储器、专用元器件等来实现。一般情况下，凡由计算机程序完成的功能都可以很容易地用相应的硬件来实现，而且，用来实现同一功能的具体硬件结构也可以是多种多样的，例如模拟电路、数字电路或专用电路等。但是，对本申请而言更多情况下软件程序实现是更佳的实施方式。基于这样的理解，本申请的技术方案本质上或者说对现有技术做出贡献的部分可以以软件产品的形式体现出来，该计算机软件产品存储在可读取的存储介质中，如计算机的软盘、U盘、移动硬盘、ROM、RAM、磁碟或者光盘等，包括若干指令用以使得一台计算机设备(可以是个人计算机，服务器，或者网络设备等)执行本申请各个实施例所述的方法。
在上述实施例中，可以全部或部分地通过软件、硬件、固件或者其任意组合来实现。当使用软件实现时，可以全部或部分地以计算机程序产品的形式实现。
所述计算机程序产品包括一个或多个计算机指令。在计算机上加载和执行所述计算机程序指令时，全部或部分地产生按照本申请实施例所述的流程或功能。所述计算机可以是通用计算机、专用计算机、计算机网络、或者其他可编程装置。所述计算机指令可以存储在计算机可读存储介质中，或者从一个计算机可读存储介质向另一计算机可读存储介质传输，例如，所述计算机指令可以从一个网站站点、计算机、服务器或数据中心通过有线(例如同轴电缆、光纤、数字用户线(DSL))或无线(例如红外、无线、微波等)方式向另一个网站站点、计算机、服务器或数据中心进行传输。所述计算机可读存储介质可以是计算机能够存储的任何可用介质或者是包含一个或多个可用介质集成的服务器、数据中心等数据存储设备。所述可用介质可以是磁性介质，(例如，软盘、硬盘、磁带)、光介质(例如，DVD)、或者半导体介质(例如固态硬盘(Solid State Disk，SSD))等。

Claims (29)

  1. 一种通信方法，其特征在于，包括：
    数据分析网元向存储功能网元发送第一请求，其中，所述第一请求包括：时延信息和/或指示信息，所述时延信息包括以下信息中的一个或者多个：第一数据的收集时延、所述第一数据的数据分析结果的推理时延、所述数据分析结果的传输时延，所述指示信息用于指示所述数据分析网元支持在指定时延内进行数据分析；所述第一请求用于将所述时延信息和/或所述指示信息存储到所述存储功能网元；
    所述数据分析网元接收来自所述存储功能网元的第一响应，所述第一响应用于向所述数据分析网元指示所述时延信息和/或所述指示信息存储成功。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法，还包括：
    所述数据分析网元向第一网络功能网元发送第二请求，所述第二请求用于请求所述第一数据；
    所述数据分析网元接收所述第一网络功能网元发送的第二响应，所述第二响应包括：所述第一数据和所述第一数据的第一传输起始时间，所述第一传输起始时间为所述第一网络功能网元传输所述第一数据的起始时间；
    所述数据分析网元根据所述第一数据的第一传输起始时间和所述第一数据的第一传输结束时间确定所述第一数据的收集时延，所述第一传输结束时间为所述数据分析网元从所述第一网络功能网元接收完所述第一数据的时间。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法，还包括：
    所述数据分析网元向第一网络功能网元发送第三请求，所述第三请求用于请求所述第一数据；
    所述数据分析网元接收所述第一网络功能网元发送的第三响应，所述第三响应包括：所述第一数据、所述第一数据的第二传输起始时间和所述第一数据的第一准备时延，所述第二传输起始时间为所述第一网络功能网元传输所述第一数据的起始时间，所述第一准备时延为所述第一网络功能网元准备所述第一数据所占用的时长；
    所述数据分析网元根据所述第一数据的第二传输起始时间和所述第一数据的第二传输结束时间确定所述第一数据的第一传输时延，所述第二传输结束时间为所述数据分析网元从所述第一网络功能网元接收完所述第一数据的时间；
    所述数据分析网元根据所述第一数据的第一传输时延和所述第一数据的第一准备时延确定所述第一数据的收集时延。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一网络功能网元为数据库设备。
  5. 根据权利要求3或4所述的方法，其特征在于，当所述第一数据存储于第一网络功能网元时，所述第一数据的第一准备时延包括所述第一数据的查询时延，所述第一数据的查询时延为所述第一网络功能网元根据所述第二请求查询得到所述第一数据所占用的时长。
  6. 根据权利要求3或4所述的方法，其特征在于，当所述第一数据没有存储于所述第一网络功能网元时，所述方法还包括：
    所述第一网络功能网元向第二网络功能网元发送第四请求，所述第四请求用于请求所述第一数据；
    所述第一网络功能网元接收所述第二网络功能网元发送的第四响应，所述第四响应包括：所述第一数据和所述第一数据的第三传输起始时间，所述第三传输起始时间为所述第二网络功能网元传输所述第一数据的起始时间；
    其中,所述第一准备时延由所述第一网络功能网元根据所述第一数据的第三传输起始时间和所述第一数据的第三传输结束时间得到，所述第三传输结束时间为所述第一网络功能网元从所述第二网络功能网元接收完所述第一数据的时间。
  7. 根据权利要求3或4所述的方法，其特征在于，当所述第一数据没有存储于所述第一网络功能网元时，所述方法还包括：
    所述第一网络功能网元向第二网络功能网元发送第五请求，所述第五请求用于请求所述第一数据；
    所述第一网络功能网元接收所述第二网络功能网元发送的第五响应，所述第五响应包括：所述第一数据、所述第四传输起始时间和所述第一数据的第二准备时延，所述第四传输起始时间为所述第二网络功能网元传输所述第一数据的起始时间，所述第二准备时延为所述第二网络功能网元确定所述第一数据所占用的时长；
    其中，所述第一准备时延由所述第一网络功能网元根据所述第一数据的第四传输起始时间、所述第一数据的第四传输结束时间、和所述第一数据的第二准备时延得到，所述第四传输结束时间为所述第一网络功能网元从所述第二网络功能网元接收完所述第一数据的时间。
  8. 根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法，还包括：
    所述数据分析网元根据所述第一数据确定所述数据分析结果的推理时延。
  9. 根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法，还包括：
    所述数据分析网元接收第三网络功能网元发送的第六请求，所述第六请求用于请求所述数据分析结果；
    所述数据分析网元向所述第三网络功能网元发送第六响应，所述第六响应包括：所述数据分析结果；
    所述数据分析网元根据所述第六响应确定所述数据分析结果的传输时延。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的方法，其特征在于，所述数据分析网元根据所述第六响应确定所述数据分析结果的传输时延，包括：
    所述数据分析网元接收所述第三网络功能网元发送的所述数据分析结果的传输结束时间，所述数据分析结果的传输结束时间为所述第三网络功能网元发送完所述数据分析结果的时间；
    所述数据分析网元根据所述数据分析结果的传输起始时间和所述数据分析结果的传输结束时间确定所述数据分析结果的传输时延，所述数据分析结果的传输起始时间为所述数据分析网元发送所述数据分析结果的起始时间。
  11. 根据权利要求9所述的方法，其特征在于，所述数据分析网元根据所述第六响应确定所述数据分析结果的传输时延，包括：
    所述数据分析网元向所述第三网络功能网元发送所述数据分析结果的传输起始时间，所述数据分析结果的传输起始时间为所述数据分析网元发送所述数据分析结果的起始时间；
    所述数据分析网元接收所述第三网络功能网元发送的所述数据分析结果的传输时延，其中，所述数据分析结果的传输时延由所述第三网络功能网元根据所述数据分析结果的传输起始时间和所述数据分析结果的传输结束时间确定，所述数据分析结果的传输结束时间为所述第三网络功能网元发送完所述数据分析结果的时间。
  12. 根据权利要求1至11中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一请求还包括：分析标识，其中，所述时延信息为所述分析标识对应的时延信息；所述指示信息为所述分析标识对应的指示信息。
  13. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述时延信息由所述数据分析网元所在的区域、所述数据分析网元所属的网络拓扑、所述数据分析网元支持的硬件能力确定。
  14. 一种通信方法，其特征在于，包括：
    存储功能网元接收来自数据分析网元的第一请求，其中，所述第一请求包括：时延信息和/或指示信息，所述时延信息包括以下信息中的一个或者多个：第一数据的收集时延、所述第一数据的数据分析结果的推理时延、所述数据分析结果的传输时延，其中，所述指示信息用于指示所述数据分析网元支持在指定时延内对所述第一数据进行分析；所述第一请求用于将所述时延信息和/或所述指示信息存储到所述存储功能网元；
    所述存储功能网元向所述数据分析网元发送第一响应，其中，所述第一响应用于向所述数据分析网元指示所述时延信息和/或所述指示信息存储成功。
  15. 根据权利要求14所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    所述存储功能网元接收来自第四网络功能网元的第七请求，所述第七请求用于请求数据分析网元；
    所述存储功能网元向所述第四网络功能网元发送第七响应，所述第七响应包括：一个或多个数据分析网元。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第七请求包括：所述第四网络功能网元的数据分析时延要求；所述方法还包括：
    所述存储功能网元根据数据分析网元对应的时延信息确定符合所述数据分析时延要求的一个或多个数据分析网元；
    所述存储功能网元向所述第四网络功能网元发送第七响应，包括：
    所述存储功能网元向所述第四网络功能网元发送第七响应，所述第七响应包括：符合所述数据分析时延要求的一个或多个数据分析网元。
  17. 根据权利要求15所述的方法，其特征在于，所述存储功能网元向所述第四网络功能网元发送第七响应，包括：
    所述存储功能网元确定支持在指定时延内进行数据分析的一个或多个数据分析网元；
    所述存储功能网元向所述第四网络功能网元发送第七响应，所述第七响应包括：支持在指定时延内进行数据分析的一个或多个数据分析网元。
  18. 一种通信方法，其特征在于，包括：
    第四网络功能网元向存储功能网元发送第七请求，所述第七请求用于请求数据分析网元；
    所述第四网络功能网元接收所述存储功能网元发送的第七响应，所述第七响应包括：一个或多个数据分析网元，所述一个或多个数据分析网元分别对应有时延信息；
    所述第四网络功能网元从所述一个或多个数据分析网元中确定符合所述第四网络功能网元的数据分析时延要求的目标数据分析网元。
  19. 根据权利要求18所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第四网络功能网元从所述一个或多个数据分析网元中确定符合所述第四网络功能网元的数据分析时延要求的目标数据分析网元，包括：
    所述第四网络功能网元从所述第七响应中确定所述一个或多个数据分析网元分别对应的时延信息；
    所述第四网络功能网元根据所述一个或多个数据分析网元分别对应的时延信息以及所述数据分析时延要求中确定出所述目标数据分析网元。
  20. 根据权利要求18所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第四网络功能网元根据所述第七响应确定目标数据分析网元，包括：
    所述第四网络功能网元向所述一个或多个数据分析网元分别发送所述数据分析时延要求；
    所述第四网络功能网元接收符合所述数据分析时延要求的至少一个数据分析网元发送的时延匹配结果；
    所述第四网络功能网元从发送所述时延匹配结果的至少一个数据分析网元中确定出所述目标数据分析网元。
  21. 一种通信装置，其特征在于，包括：
    发送模块，用于向存储功能网元发送第一请求，其中，所述第一请求包括：时延信息和/或指示信息，所述时延信息包括以下信息中的一个或者多个：第一数据的收集时延、所述第一数据的数据分析结果的推理时延、所述数据分析结果的传输时延，其中，所述指示信息用于指示所述数据分析网元支持在指定时延内进行数据分析；所述第一请求用于将所述时延信息和/或所述指示信息存储到所述存储功能网元；
    接收模块，用于接收来自所述存储功能网元的第一响应，所述第一响应用于向所述数据分析网元指示所述时延信息和/或所述指示信息存储成功。
  22. 一种通信装置，其特征在于，包括：
    接收模块，用于接收来自数据分析网元的第一请求，其中，所述第一请求包括：时延信息和/或指示信息，所述时延信息包括以下信息中的一个或者多个：第一数据的收集时延、所述第一数据的数据分析结果的推理时延、所述数据分析结果的传输时延，其中，所述指示信息用于指示所述数据分析网元支持在指定时延内对所述第一数据进行分析；所述第一请求用于将所述时延信息和/或所述指示信息存储到所述存储功能网元；
    发送模块，用于向所述数据分析网元发送第一响应，其中，所述第一响应用于向所述数据分析网元指示所述时延信息和/或所述指示信息存储成功。
  23. 一种通信装置，其特征在于，包括：
    发送模块，用于向存储功能网元发送第七请求，所述第七请求用于请求数据分析网元；
    接收模块，用于接收所述存储功能网元发送的第七响应，所述第七响应包括：一个或多个数据分析网元，所述一个或多个数据分析网元分别对应有时延信息；
    处理模块，用于从所述一个或多个数据分析网元中确定符合所述第四网络功能网元的数据分析时延要求的目标数据分析网元。
  24. 一种通信装置，其特征在于，包括：处理器，存储器；所述处理器、所述存储器之间进行相互的通信；
    所述存储器用于存储指令；
    所述处理器用于执行所述存储器中的所述指令，执行如权利要求1至13中任一项所述的方法。
  25. 一种通信装置，其特征在于，包括：处理器，存储器；所述处理器、所述存储器之间进行相互的通信；
    所述存储器用于存储指令；
    所述处理器用于执行所述存储器中的所述指令，执行如权利要求14至17中任一项所述的方法。
  26. 一种通信装置，其特征在于，包括：处理器，存储器；所述处理器、所述存储器之间进行相互的通信；
    所述存储器用于存储指令；
    所述处理器用于执行所述存储器中的所述指令，执行如权利要求18至20中任一项所述的方法。
  27. 一种计算机可读存储介质，包括指令，当其在计算机上运行时，使得计算机执行如权利要求1至13、或者14至17、或者18至20中任意一项所述的方法。
  28. 一种通信系统，其特征在于，所述通信系统包括：
    数据分析网元，用于执行如权利要求1至13中任一项所述的方法；
    存储功能网元，用于执行如权利要求14至17中任一项所述的方法。
  29. 一种通信系统，其特征在于，所述通信系统包括：
    存储功能网元，用于执行如权利要求14至17中任一项所述的方法；
    第四网络功能网元，用于执行如权利要求18至20中任一项所述的方法。
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