WO2022033069A1 - 一种城市规划新片区的电网规划方法 - Google Patents

一种城市规划新片区的电网规划方法 Download PDF

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WO2022033069A1
WO2022033069A1 PCT/CN2021/088855 CN2021088855W WO2022033069A1 WO 2022033069 A1 WO2022033069 A1 WO 2022033069A1 CN 2021088855 W CN2021088855 W CN 2021088855W WO 2022033069 A1 WO2022033069 A1 WO 2022033069A1
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area
new
load
power grid
belt
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PCT/CN2021/088855
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French (fr)
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蒋粤群
温剑基
邹杰平
张央
景琪文
杜广明
欧阳敏红
江国华
丁宜
刘举祥
谢丽平
王强
姜树伟
刘鹤峰
钟策
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广东顺德电力设计院有限公司
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q10/00—Administration; Management
    • G06Q10/04—Forecasting or optimisation specially adapted for administrative or management purposes, e.g. linear programming or "cutting stock problem"
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q10/00—Administration; Management
    • G06Q10/06—Resources, workflows, human or project management; Enterprise or organisation planning; Enterprise or organisation modelling
    • G06Q10/063—Operations research, analysis or management
    • G06Q10/0631—Resource planning, allocation, distributing or scheduling for enterprises or organisations
    • G06Q10/06315—Needs-based resource requirements planning or analysis
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q10/00—Administration; Management
    • G06Q10/06—Resources, workflows, human or project management; Enterprise or organisation planning; Enterprise or organisation modelling
    • G06Q10/063—Operations research, analysis or management
    • G06Q10/0637—Strategic management or analysis, e.g. setting a goal or target of an organisation; Planning actions based on goals; Analysis or evaluation of effectiveness of goals
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q50/00—Information and communication technology [ICT] specially adapted for implementation of business processes of specific business sectors, e.g. utilities or tourism
    • G06Q50/06—Energy or water supply
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S10/00—Systems supporting electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y04S10/50—Systems or methods supporting the power network operation or management, involving a certain degree of interaction with the load-side end user applications

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  • the invention relates to the technical field of power distribution, and more particularly, to a power grid planning method for a new strip area.
  • Urban planning is the standardization of urban development and construction, the study of the future development of the city, the rational layout of the city, and the comprehensive arrangement of various urban construction projects. It is the blueprint for urban development in a certain period of time. It is also the basis for the management of urban planning, urban construction and urban operation in three stages.
  • Urban planning is based on the premise of development vision, scientific demonstration, and expert decision-making, and plans for the development of urban economic structure, spatial structure, and social structure, often including urban area planning. It plays an important role in guiding and standardizing urban construction. It is the preliminary work of urban comprehensive management and the leader of urban management. The complex system characteristics of cities determine that urban planning is a complex continuous decision-making process that is adjusted, revised, improved and perfected for a long time with the development and operation of the city.
  • Smart cities often intersect with regional development concepts such as digital cities, sensory cities, wireless cities, smart cities, eco-cities, and low-carbon cities, and even confuse with industry informatization concepts such as e-government, intelligent transportation, and smart grids. Interpretation of the concept of smart city often has different emphasis. Some views believe that the key lies in technology application, some believe that the key lies in network construction, some believe that the key lies in human participation, some believe that the key lies in the effect of intelligence, and some Pioneer cities in urban informatization emphasize people-oriented and sustainable innovation. In short, wisdom is not just intelligence. Smart city is by no means just another term for smart city, or the intelligent application of information technology, but also includes human wisdom participation, people-oriented, sustainable development and other connotations.
  • the types of smart city applications will be highly diversified and differentiated, and will become a means for cities to improve their competitiveness.
  • the new belt-shaped area is subject to urban planning.
  • various factors will be integrated into several functional areas. Since the new area is usually surrounded by a strip around the periphery of the old area, these functional areas are often arranged along the length of the strip. Different functions mean different load conditions. , which poses new challenges to smart power distribution, and it is necessary to provide a new strip-shaped power distribution planning method that meets the needs of smart city development planning.
  • the present invention provides a power grid planning method for a new urban planning area, which meets the needs of smart city development, facilitates communication between stations, and improves power supply reliability.
  • the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:
  • a power grid planning method for a new area of urban planning the new area expands into a belt around an old area, and has a number of functional areas distributed along the length of the belt, each functional area has a number of developed/under-developed/undeveloped land plots , the power grid planning method includes the following steps:
  • step S3 plan the new construction or reconstruction project of the high-voltage substation, and set the newly-built high-voltage substation in the middle of the new area along the width direction of the belt.
  • the expansion of the new area into a belt around the old area means that the new area is like a belt winding around the old area from the map.
  • the belt is a kind of long object with disparity in length and width; the length direction of the belt refers to the direction in which the long side of the belt extends. Correspondingly, it can be said to be the circumferential direction of the old area; the width direction of the belt refers to the direction of the short side of the belt, which is perpendicular to the length direction of the belt, which can be said to be the radial direction of the old area.
  • the present invention understands the current situation of the power grid in the new area and its surrounding original high-voltage substations by analyzing and summarizing, so as to make full use of the existing power grid resources in the subsequent planning, solve the current problems, meet the electricity demand and improve the future grid frame.
  • Accurate load forecasting will provide a scientific decision-making basis for the rational distribution of power sources and substations, timely grid construction, optimal investment time, and maximum economic and social benefits, thus ensuring the safe, economical and reliable operation of the power grid. .
  • the 110kV and 10kV substation capacity required in the planning area the number of 10kV public switch rooms, distribution rooms, etc., and the number of 10kV power supply feeder circuits required for the plot in the area are calculated.
  • the number and construction area of switch rooms and power distribution rooms, the number of 10kV power supply feeder circuits and their laying methods and paths are pre-controlled, so as to lead the power grid construction in the planning area.
  • the new construction and reconstruction projects of high-voltage substations are planned, and the capacity of heavy-load/overloaded high-voltage substations is increased or expanded, and high-voltage substations are newly built in functional areas with high prospective loads and sparse original high-voltage substations. .
  • the present invention proposes to select the new high-voltage substation in the middle of the new area along the width direction of the belt, which is beneficial to the location near the load center and the original high-voltage substation.
  • a number of functional areas are distributed along the length of the belt to form the new area, and there must be functional areas located at the ends of the new area of the belt, that is, the functional areas include end functional areas located at both ends of the belt and an intermediate function located in the middle of the belt.
  • the newly built high-voltage substation planned in the end functional area is arranged in the belt. On the edge of the end, it is convenient to supply power to the area expanded on the basis of the new area in the future or to interconnect with the new high-voltage substation in the area that continues to expand, so as to improve the reliability of power supply.
  • step S2 the prospective load of the developed/under-developed plots is predicted according to the actual reported installation capacity. For the prospective load of undeveloped land, the following two methods are used to predict.
  • the first way is to predict the prospective load of undeveloped land based on the average load density of the functional area in which it is located.
  • the prospective load forecast for undeveloped land plots is based on the average load density of the land plots that have been developed/under development in the functional area in which they are located that conform to the planning nature of the functional area.
  • the load density of the plots under development is calculated according to the ratio of the actual reported loading capacity Gi to the effective land area Pi , and the average load density of the plots in the same functional zone is taken as the average load density of the functional zone.
  • the prospective load L b of the undeveloped block is calculated by multiplying the obtained average load density and the effective land area Q i of the undeveloped block, that is,
  • the second way is to predict the prospective load of undeveloped land by investigating the load density of the same type of land.
  • For the prospective load of undeveloped land it is predicted by the following mathematical model:
  • n is the number of land use types
  • R i is the plot ratio index of the i-type land
  • C i is the electricity consumption index per unit building area of the i-type land
  • X i is the electricity demand coefficient of the i-type land.
  • S i is the use area of the i-type land;
  • step S2 the per capita electricity consumption index is used to verify the prospective load forecast.
  • the predicted value of the per capita electricity in the planned area is obtained, and the predicted value of the per capita electricity load is obtained by combining the maximum load utilization hours. load forecast.
  • step S3 it also includes planning photovoltaic projects in the functional area with exhibition and manufacturing according to the analysis of step S1 and the prediction of step S2.
  • the photovoltaic project includes arranging photovoltaic panels on the top of the exhibition hall.
  • the photovoltaic power first supplies the lighting of the exhibition hall and the manufacturing user side. When the power is insufficient, it is supplemented by the power grid. When the power is excess, the inverter is used to connect to the Internet.
  • the photovoltaic project also includes configuring an energy storage system on the user side of the manufacturing industry. When the electricity of the photovoltaic power supply is excessive, the energy storage system absorbs and stores it first, and when the electricity of the energy storage system is full, the inverter is connected to the Internet. In addition to storing excess electricity from photovoltaic power generation, the energy storage system can also store electricity from the power grid to cut peaks and fill valleys and ensure the reliability of power supply.
  • the present invention Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: the present invention plans new construction and reconstruction projects of high-voltage substations through the analysis of step S1 and the prediction of step S2, and carries out capacity-enhancing reconstruction or expansion for heavy-load/overloaded high-voltage substations, and in New high-voltage substations will be built in functional areas with high prospective loads and few existing high-voltage substations.
  • the present invention proposes to select the new high-voltage substation in the middle of the new area along the width direction of the belt, which is beneficial to the location near the load center and the original high-voltage substation.
  • the high-voltage substation newly built in the functional area at the end is not only set in the middle zone in the width direction of the belt, but also on the edge of the end of the belt, so as to supply power to the area expanded on the basis of the new area in the future or connect with the belt. Interconnect new high-voltage substations in areas that continue to expand to improve power supply reliability.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a new strip area.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a photovoltaic project in a functional area with exhibition and manufacturing.
  • a power grid planning method for a new area of urban planning as shown in Figure 1, the new area expands into a belt around the old area, and has several functional areas (A/B/C/D/E) distributed along the length of the belt. , each functional area has several developed/under-developed/undeveloped land plots, and the power grid planning method includes the following steps:
  • step S3 plan the new construction or reconstruction project of the high-voltage substation, and set the newly-built high-voltage substation in the middle of the new area along the width direction of the belt.
  • a belt is a long object with a relatively wide disparity in length and width; the length direction of the belt refers to the direction in which the long side of the belt extends, such as the direction indicated by a in Figure 1.
  • the direction can be straight, but in most cases It is curved, corresponding to the outer circumference of the old area, which can be said to be the circumferential direction of the old area; the width direction of the belt refers to the direction in which the short side of the belt is located, such as the direction represented by b in Figure 1, which is the same as the belt.
  • the length direction of the old area is perpendicular to it, which can be said to be the radial direction of the old area.
  • the present invention understands the current situation of the power grid in the new area and its surrounding original high-voltage substations by analyzing and summarizing, so as to make full use of the existing power grid resources in the subsequent planning, solve the current problems, meet the electricity demand and improve the future grid frame.
  • Accurate load forecasting will provide a scientific decision-making basis for the rational distribution of power sources and substations, timely grid construction, optimal investment time, and maximum economic and social benefits, thus ensuring the safe, economical and reliable operation of the power grid. .
  • the 110kV and 10kV substation capacity required in the planning area the number of 10kV public switch rooms, distribution rooms, etc., and the number of 10kV power supply feeder circuits required for the plot in the area are calculated.
  • the number and construction area of switch rooms and power distribution rooms, the number of 10kV power supply feeder circuits and their laying methods and paths are pre-controlled, so as to lead the power grid construction in the planning area.
  • step S2 Based on the analysis in step S1 and the prediction in step S2, plan new construction and reconstruction projects for high-voltage substations, increase the capacity of heavy-load/overloaded high-voltage substations or expand them, and build new high-voltage substations in functional areas with high prospective loads and few existing high-voltage substations .
  • the present invention proposes to select and build the newly-built high-voltage substation in the middle of the new area along the width direction of the belt, which is beneficial to the location near the load center and the original high-voltage substation.
  • the developed/under-development plots and undeveloped plots coexist.
  • the prospective load of the developed/under-development plots is predicted according to the actual reported loading capacity.
  • the prospective load of undeveloped land is predicted according to the average load density of the functional area where it is located.
  • the prospective load forecast for undeveloped land plots is based on the average load density of the land plots that have been developed/under development in the functional area in which they are located that conform to the planning nature of the functional area.
  • the load density of the plots under development is calculated according to the ratio of the actual reported loading capacity Gi to the effective land area Pi , and the average load density of the plots in the same functional zone is taken as the average load density of the functional zone. Then, the prospective load L b of the undeveloped block is calculated by multiplying the obtained average load density and the effective land area Q i of the undeveloped block, that is,
  • step S2 the per capita electricity consumption index is used to verify the prospective load forecast.
  • the predicted value of the per capita electricity in the planned area is obtained, and the predicted value of the per capita electricity load is obtained by combining the maximum load utilization hours. load forecast.
  • a number of functional areas are distributed along the length of the belt to form the new area, and there must be functional areas located at the ends of the new area of the belt, that is, the functional areas include end functional areas located at both ends of the belt and an intermediate function located in the middle of the belt.
  • the newly built high-voltage substation planned in the end functional area is arranged at the end edge of the belt.
  • step S3 it also includes planning a photovoltaic project in the functional area A with exhibition and manufacturing according to the analysis of step S1 and the prediction of step S2.
  • the photovoltaic project includes disposing photovoltaic panels on the top of the exhibition hall.
  • the photovoltaic power supply first supplies the lighting of the exhibition hall and the manufacturing user side. When the power is insufficient, the power grid is supplemented. Transformer online.
  • the photovoltaic project also includes configuring an energy storage system on the user side of the manufacturing industry. When the photovoltaic power supply is excessive, the energy storage system absorbs and stores it first, and when the energy storage system is full, the inverter is connected to the Internet. In addition to storing excess electricity from photovoltaic power generation, the energy storage system can also store electricity from the grid to cut peaks and fill valleys and ensure the reliability of power supply.
  • the prospective load of undeveloped land plots is predicted by investigating the load density of land plots of the same type.
  • the following mathematical model is used to predict:
  • n is the number of land use types
  • R i is the plot ratio index of the i-type land
  • C i is the electricity consumption index per unit building area of the i-type land
  • X i is the electricity demand coefficient of the i-type land.
  • S i is the use area of the i-type land;

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Abstract

一种城市规划新片区的电网规划方法，所述新片区围绕旧片区扩张成带，具有若干沿带的长度方向分布的功能区，每一功能区具有若干已开发/正在开发/未开发地块，所述电网规划方法包括如下步骤：S1.分析所述新片区及其周边原有各高压变电站的容量、负载率、主变N-1校核情况；S2.预测所述新片区的远景负荷；S3.根据步骤S1的分析和步骤S2的预测规划高压变电站新建、和/或改造项目，将新建高压变电站设置在所述新片区中沿带的宽度方向的中间，有利于靠近负荷中心与跟原有高压变电站保持合适距离之间的平衡，以便站间联络。

Description

一种城市规划新片区的电网规划方法 技术领域
本发明涉及配电技术领域，更具体地，涉及一种带状新片区的电网规划方法。
背景技术
城市规划是规范城市发展建设，研究城市的未来发展、城市的合理布局和综合安排城市各项工程建设的综合部署，是一定时期内城市发展的蓝图，是城市管理的重要组成部分，是城市建设和管理的依据，也是城市规划、城市建设、城市运行三个阶段管理的前提。
城市规划以发展眼光、科学论证、专家决策为前提，对城市经济结构、空间结构、社会结构发展进行规划，常常包括城市片区规划。具有指导和规范城市建设的重要作用，是城市综合管理的前期工作，是城市管理的龙头。城市的复杂系统特性决定了城市规划是随城市发展与运行状况长期调整、不断修订，持续改进和完善的复杂的连续决策过程。
城市建设并非一蹴而就，其渐进性决定了城市中新旧片区共存的面貌，随着旧片区各个方面趋向饱和，必然出现新规划的片区，而这些片区中不少由旧片区向外扩张而成，形成了围绕旧片区设置的带状新片区，而原有的配电网是基于旧片区需求而建设，随着新片区的规划建设、自然负荷的增长导致周边原有配变重载或过载，这就要求电力部门要在原有配电网的基础上为新片区规划配电系统以满足城市发展需要。然而，随着经济社会发展以及智慧城市概念的提出，人们对于新片区的规划已不同往日。
智慧城市经常与数字城市、感知城市、无线城市、智能城市、生态城市、低碳城市等区域发展概念相交叉，甚至与电子政务、智能交通、智能电网等行业信息化概念发生混杂。对智慧城市概念的解读也经常各有侧重，有的观点认为关键在于技术应用，有的观点认为关键在于网络建设，有的观点认为关键在人的参与，有的观点认为关键在于智慧效果，一些城市信息化建设的先行城市则强调以人为本和可持续创新。总之，智慧不仅仅是智能。智慧城市绝不仅仅是智能城市的另外一个说法，或者说是信息技术的智能化应用，还包括人的智慧参与、以人为本、可持续发展等内涵。智慧城市应用类型将高度多样化、差异化，并成为城市提高竞争力的手段，但无论城市定位如何，为方便城市治理以实现经济、人文、生态等可持续发展，对带状新片区进行城市规划时将会综合各方面因素规划成若干功能区，由于新片区通常呈带状围绕在旧片区的外围，这些功能区往往沿带状的长度方向排布，功能不同意味着负荷情况也有所不同，这对智能配电提出了新的挑战，有必要提供一种符合智慧城市发展规划需要的带状新片区配电规划方法。
发明内容
有鉴于此，本发明为克服上述现有技术所述的至少一种不足，提供一种城市规划新片区的电网规划方法，适应智慧城市发展需要，便于站间联络，提高供电可靠性。
为了解决上述存在的技术问题，本发明采用下述技术方案：
一种城市规划新片区的电网规划方法，所述新片区围绕旧片区扩张成带，具有若干沿带的长度方向分布的功能区，每一功能区具有若干已开发/正在开发/未开发地块，所述电网规划方法包括如下步骤：
S1.分析所述新片区或及其周边原有各高压变电站的容量、负载率、主变N-1校核情况；
S2.预测所述新片区的远景负荷；
S3.根据步骤S1的分析和步骤S2的预测规划高压变电站的新建、或和改造项目，将新建高压变电站设置在所述新片区中沿带的宽度方向的中间。
其中，新片区围绕旧片区扩张成带是指从地图上看新片区形如带子蜿蜒盘旋于旧片区的周围。带是一种长宽较为悬殊的长条物；带的长度方向是指带的长边所延伸的方向，该方向可以是直线的，但大多数情况下是弯曲的，与旧片区的外周相对应，可以说是旧片区的周向方向；带的宽度方向是指带的短边所在的方向，该方向与带的长度方向相垂直，可以说是旧片区的径向方向。
本发明通过对新片区及其周边原有各高压变电站的分析总结了解该地区的电网现状，以便在后续规划中充分利用已有电网资源，解决现状问题、满足用电需求、完善未来网架。准确的负荷预测将为电源和变电站的合理布点、适时的电网建设、最佳的投资时间以及获得最大的经济效益和社会效益提供科学的决策依据，从而为电网的安全、经济、可靠运行提供保证。通过对规划区域未来电力需求量的预测，推算出规划区域所需的110kV及10kV变电容量及该区域地块所需的10kV公共开关房、配电房等数量、10kV供电馈线回路数，对开关房、配电房数量及建筑面积、10kV供电馈线回路数及其敷设方式和路径进行预控，从而主导规划区域的电网建设。通过步骤S1的分析和步骤S2的预测规划高压变电站新建、改造项目，对重载/过载的高压变电站进行增容改造或扩建，并在远景负荷高、原有高压变电站稀疏的功能区新建高压变电站。对于新建高压变电站的选址，除了满足基本原则外，本发明提出将新建高压变电站的选建在所述新片区中沿带的宽度方向的中间，有利于在靠近负荷中心与跟原有高压变电站保持合适距离之间找到一个平衡，便于与现有高压变电站之间的站间联络，即便带状新片区将来沿带的长度方向继续延伸出未来片区或沿带的宽度方向继续扩展出未来片区也有利于该新建高压变电站与未来片区中的高压变电站之间建立站间联络，以便实现各高压变电站满足N-1校核，提高供电可靠性。
若干功能区沿带的长度方向分布共同构成所述新片区，必然有功能区位于带状的新片区端部，即所述功能区包括位于带两端的端部功能区和位于带中段的中间功能区，为方便新片区沿带的长度方向继续延伸扩张，优选地，步骤S3中，除了设置在带的宽度方向的中间地带外，将规划在端部功能区中的新建高压变电站设置在带的端部边缘上，以便于将来为在新片区基础上扩张形成的地区供电或与该继续扩张的地区中的新建高压变电站互联，提高供电可靠性。
新片区中存在已开发/正在开发地块和未开发地块共存的情况，为提高远景负荷预测的准确性，步骤S2中，根据实际报装容量预测已开发/正在开发地块的远景负荷，对于未开发地块的远景负荷则采用以下两种方式进行预测。
第一种方式，根据所在功能区的平均负荷密度预测未开发地块的远景负荷。具体地，对于未开发地块的远景负荷预测采用基于其所在功能区已开发/正在开发的符合该功能区规划性质的地块的平均负荷密度进行预测：对符合所在功能区类型的已开发/正在开发地块按实际报装容量G i与有效用地面积P i的比值计算地块负荷密度，以同一功能区中各所述地块负荷密度的平均值为功能区的平均负荷密度。再通过得出的平均负荷密度与未开发地块的有效用地面积Q i的乘积计算出未开发地块的远景负荷L b，即
Figure PCTCN2021088855-appb-000001
第二种方式，通过调研同类型地块的负荷密度预测未开发地块的远景负荷。对于未开发地块的远景负荷，具体通过以下数学模型预测：
(1)根据交通用地、道路广场用地、绿化用地、水域和其它非城市建设用地的土地使用面积建模：
Figure PCTCN2021088855-appb-000002
式中，m为土地使用类的个数，λ i为第i类土地的负荷密度，S i为第i类土地的使用面积；
(2)根据已知条件土地使用面积和容积率指标建模：
Figure PCTCN2021088855-appb-000003
式中，n为土地使用类的个数，R i为第i类土地的容积率指标，C i为第i类土地的单位建筑面积用电指标，X i为第i类土地用电需要系数，S i为第i类土地的使用面积；
由以上计算得出：未开发地块的远景负荷L＝(Lt 1+Lt 2)×T，式中：T为表示规划地块用电综合用电同时系数。
步骤S2中，采用人均用电量指标对远景负荷预测进行校验。通过分析比较规划地区现在的人均电量指标，得到规划地区的人均电量预测值，并结合最大负荷利用小时数求出人均用电负荷的预测值，最后根据规划地区的规划人口规模可得到规划地区总负荷的预测值。其计算公式如下：L cp＝A cp/T max，L＝L cp×N，式中，L cp是预测某地区的人均用电负荷，A cp是该地区的人均用电量，T max为最大负荷利用小时数；L为该地区的总负荷预测值，N为该地区规划 的人口规模。
步骤S3中，还包括根据步骤S1的分析和步骤S2的预测在具有会展和制造业的功能区规划光伏项目。具体地，所述光伏项目包括在会展展馆顶部配置光伏板，光伏电源首先供应会展展馆及制造业用户侧的照明，电量不足时由电网补充，电量多余时通过逆变器上网。所述光伏项目还包括在制造业用户侧配置储能系统，光伏电源电量多余时先由储能系统吸收存储、储能系统电量将满时通过逆变器上网。储能系统除了能够存储光伏发电的多余电量，还能从电网中储存电能，达到削峰填谷，保障供电可靠性的作用。
本发明与现有技术相比较有如下有益效果：本发明通过步骤S1的分析和步骤S2的预测规划高压变电站新建、改造项目，对重载/过载的高压变电站进行增容改造或扩建，并在远景负荷高、原有高压变电站稀的功能区新建高压变电站。对于新建高压变电站的选址，除了满足基本原则外，本发明提出将新建高压变电站的选建在所述新片区中沿带的宽度方向的中间，有利于在靠近负荷中心与跟原有高压变电站保持合适距离之间找到一个平衡，便于与现有高压变电站之间的站间联络，即便带状新片区将来沿带的长度方向继续延伸出未来片区或沿带的宽度方向继续扩展出未来片区也有利于该新建高压变电站与未来片区中的高压变电站之间建立站间联络，以便实现各高压变电站满足N-1校核，提高供电可靠性。新建在端部的功能区的高压变电站除了设置在带的宽度方向的中间地带外，最好设置在带的端部边缘上，以便于将来为在新片区基础上扩张形成的地区供电或与该继续扩张的地区中的新建高压变电站互联，提高供电可靠性。
附图说明
图1是带状新片区的示意图。
图2是具有会展和制造业的功能区中光伏项目示意图。
具体实施方式
附图仅用于示例性说明，不能理解为对本发明的限制；为了更好说明本实施例，附图某些部件会有省略、放大或缩小，并不代表实际产品的尺寸；对于本领域技术人员来说，附图中某些公知结构及其说明可能省略是可以理解的；附图中描述位置关系的用于仅用于示例性说明，不能理解为对本发明的限制。下面结合具体实施例对本发明做进一步详细说明。
实施例1
一种城市规划新片区的电网规划方法，如图1所示，所述新片区围绕旧片区扩张成带，具有若干沿带的长度方向分布的功能区(A/B/C/D/E)，每一功能区具有若干已开发/正在开发/未开发地块，所述电网规划方法包括如下步骤：
S1.分析所述新片区或及其周边原有各高压变电站的容量、负载率、主变N-1校核情况；
S2.预测所述新片区的远景负荷；
S3.根据步骤S1的分析和步骤S2的预测规划高压变电站的新建、或和改造项目，将新建高压变电站设置在所述新片区中沿带的宽度方向的中间。
其中，新片区围绕旧片区扩张成带是指从地图上看新片区形如带子蜿蜒盘旋于旧片区的周围。带是一种长宽较为悬殊的长条物；带的长度方向是指带的长边所延伸的方向，如图1中a所表示的方向，该方向可以是直线的，但大多数情况下是弯曲的，与旧片区的外周相对应，可以说是旧片区的周向方向；带的宽度方向是指带的短边所在的方向，如图1中b所表示的方向，该方向与带的长度方向相垂直，可以说是旧片区的径向方向。
本发明通过对新片区及其周边原有各高压变电站的分析总结了解该地区的电网现状，以便在后续规划中充分利用已有电网资源，解决现状问题、满足用电需求、完善未来网架。准确的负荷预测将为电源和变电站的合理布点、适时的电网建设、最佳的投资时间以及获得最大的经济效益和社会效益提供科学的决策依据，从而为电网的安全、经济、可靠运行提供保证。通过对规划区域未来电力需求量的预测，推算出规划区域所需的110kV及10kV变电容量及该区域地块所需的10kV公共开关房、配电房等数量、10kV供电馈线回路数，对开关房、配电房数量及建筑面积、10kV供电馈线回路数及其敷设方式和路径进行预控，从而主导规划区域的电网建设。通过步骤S1的分析和步骤S2的预测规划高压变电站新建、改造项目，对重载/过载的高压变电站进行增容改造或扩建，并在远景负荷高、原有高压变电站稀的功能区新建高压变电站。对于新建高压变电站的选址，除了满足基本原则外，本发明提出将新建高压变电站的选建在所述新片区中沿带的宽度方向的中间，有利于在靠近负荷中心与跟原有高压变电站保持合适距离之间找到一个平衡，便于与现有高压变电站之间的站间联络，即便带状新片区将来沿带的长度方向继续延伸出未来片区或沿带的宽度方向继续扩展出未来片区也有利于该新建高压变电站与未来片区中的高压变电站之间建立站间联络，以便实现各高压变电站满足N-1校核，提高供电可靠性。
新片区中存在已开发/正在开发地块和未开发地块共存的情况，为提高远景负荷预测的准确性，步骤S2中，对已开发/正在开发地块的远景负荷按实际报装容量预测，对未开发地块的远景负荷按所在功能区的平均负荷密度预测。具体地，对于未开发地块的远景负荷预测采用基于其所在功能区已开发/正在开发的符合该功能区规划性质的地块的平均负荷密度进行预测：对符合所在功能区类型的已开发/正在开发地块按实际报装容量G i与有效用地面积P i的比值计算地块负荷密度，以同一功能区中各所述地块负荷密度的平均值为功能区的平均负荷密度。再通过得出的平均负荷密度与未开发地块的有效用地面积Q i的乘积计算出未开发地 块的远景负荷L b，即
Figure PCTCN2021088855-appb-000004
步骤S2中，采用人均用电量指标对远景负荷预测进行校验。通过分析比较规划地区现在的人均电量指标，得到规划地区的人均电量预测值，并结合最大负荷利用小时数求出人均用电负荷的预测值，最后根据规划地区的规划人口规模可得到规划地区总负荷的预测值。其计算公式如下：L cp＝A cp/T max，L＝L cp×N，式中，L cp是预测某地区的人均用电负荷，A cp是该地区的人均用电量，T max为最大负荷利用小时数；L为该地区的总负荷预测值，N为该地区规划的人口规模。
若干功能区沿带的长度方向分布共同构成所述新片区，必然有功能区位于带状的新片区端部，即所述功能区包括位于带两端的端部功能区和位于带中段的中间功能区，为方便新片区沿带的长度方向继续延伸扩张，步骤S3中，除了设置在带的宽度方向的中间地带外，将规划在端部功能区中的新建高压变电站设置在带的端部边缘上，以便于将来为在新片区基础上扩张形成的地区供电或与该继续扩张的地区中的新建高压变电站互联，提高供电可靠性。
步骤S3中，还包括根据步骤S1的分析和步骤S2的预测在具有会展和制造业的功能区A规划光伏项目。具体地，如图2所示，所述光伏项目包括在会展展馆顶部配置光伏板，光伏电源首先供应会展展馆及制造业用户侧的照明，电量不足时由电网补充，电量多余时通过逆变器上网。所述光伏项目还包括在制造业用户侧配置储能系统，光伏电源电量多余时先由储能系统吸收存储、储能系统电量将满时通过逆变器上网。储能系统除了能够存储光伏发电的多余电量，还能从电网中储存电能，达到削峰填谷，保障供电可靠性的作用。
实施例2
本实施例与实施例1的区别在于，步骤S2中对未开发地块的远景负荷预测。
本实施例通过调研同类型地块的负荷密度预测未开发地块的远景负荷，具体通过以下数学模型预测：
(1)根据交通用地、道路广场用地、绿化用地、水域和其它非城市建设用地的土地使用面积建模：
Figure PCTCN2021088855-appb-000005
式中，m为土地使用类的个数，λ i为第i类土地的负荷密度，S i为第i类土地的使用面积；
(2)根据已知条件土地使用面积和容积率指标建模：
Figure PCTCN2021088855-appb-000006
式中，n为土地使用类的个数，R i为第i类土地的容积率指标，C i为第i类土地的单位建筑面积用电指标，X i为第i类土地用电需要系数，S i为第i类土地的使用面积；
由以上计算得出：未开发地块的远景负荷L＝(Lt 1+Lt 2)×T，式中：T为表示规划地块用电综合用电同时系数。
显然，本发明的上述实施例仅仅是为清楚地说明本发明所作的举例，而并非是对本发明的实施方式的限定。对于所属领域的普通技术人员来说，在上述说明的基础上还可以做出其它不同形式的变化或变动。这里无需也无法对所有的实施方式予以穷举。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等，均应包含在本发明权利要求的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种城市规划新片区的电网规划方法，所述新片区围绕旧片区扩张成带，具有若干沿带的长度方向分布的功能区，每一功能区具有若干已开发/正在开发/未开发地块，其特征在于，所述电网规划方法包括如下步骤：
    S1.分析所述新片区或及其周边原有各变电站的容量、负载率、主变N-1校核情况；
    S2.预测所述新片区的远景负荷；
    S3.根据步骤S1的分析和步骤S2的预测规划高压变电站的新建、或和改造项目，将新建高压变电站设置在所述新片区中沿带的宽度方向的中间。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的城市规划新片区的电网规划方法，其特征在于，所述功能区包括位于带两端的端部功能区和位于带中段的中间功能区，步骤S3中，将规划在端部功能区中的新建高压变电站设置在带的端部边缘上。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的城市规划新片区的电网规划方法，其特征在于，步骤S2中，根据实际报装容量预测已开发/正在开发地块的远景负荷，根据所在功能区的平均负荷密度预测未开发地块的远景负荷。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的城市规划新片区的电网规划方法，其特征在于，步骤S2中，对符合所在功能区类型的根据已开发/正在开发地块的实际报装容量与有效用地面积的比值计算已开发/正在开发地块负荷密度，根据同一功能区中符合该功能区类型的各已开发/正在开发地块负荷密度的平均值计算该功能区的平均负荷密度。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的城市规划新片区的电网规划方法，其特征在于，步骤S2中，根据实际报装容量预测已开发/正在开发地块的远景负荷，通过调研同类型地块的负荷密度预测未开发地块的远景负荷。
  6. 根据权利要求3～5任一项所述的城市规划新片区的电网规划方法，其特征在于，步骤S2中，采用人均用电量指标对远景负荷预测进行校验。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的城市规划新片区的电网规划方法，其特征在于，步骤S2中，根据上一级行政区域历史用电水平，结合市政建设推进计划及用户报装情况，采用自然增长率推算逐年用电负荷，得出近期负荷预测结果。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的城市规划新片区的电网规划方法，其特征在于，步骤S3中，还包括根据步骤S1的分析和步骤S2的预测在具有会展和制造业的功能区规划光伏项目。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的城市规划新片区的电网规划方法，其特征在于，所述光伏项目包括在会展展馆顶部配置光伏板，光伏电源首先供应会展展馆及制造业用户侧的照明，电量不足时由电网补充，电量多余时通过逆变器上网。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的城市规划新片区的电网规划方法，其特征在于，所述光伏项目还包 括在制造业用户侧配置储能系统，光伏电源电量多余时先由储能系统吸收存储、储能系统电量将满时通过逆变器上网。
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