WO2022028039A1 - 一种城市轨道交通列车再生制动能量的回馈系统 - Google Patents

一种城市轨道交通列车再生制动能量的回馈系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022028039A1
WO2022028039A1 PCT/CN2021/094632 CN2021094632W WO2022028039A1 WO 2022028039 A1 WO2022028039 A1 WO 2022028039A1 CN 2021094632 W CN2021094632 W CN 2021094632W WO 2022028039 A1 WO2022028039 A1 WO 2022028039A1
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Prior art keywords
energy storage
pin
voltage
storage module
twenty
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PCT/CN2021/094632
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English (en)
French (fr)
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黄家尧
阮殿波
邓谊柏
陈挺
唐继开
李玉新
乔志军
郑谋锦
张仲才
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宁波中车新能源科技有限公司
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Publication of WO2022028039A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022028039A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L7/00—Electrodynamic brake systems for vehicles in general
    • B60L7/10—Dynamic electric regenerative braking
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/40—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by capacitors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
    • H01G11/10—Multiple hybrid or EDL capacitors, e.g. arrays or modules
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
    • H01G11/14—Arrangements or processes for adjusting or protecting hybrid or EDL capacitors
    • H01G11/18—Arrangements or processes for adjusting or protecting hybrid or EDL capacitors against thermal overloads, e.g. heating, cooling or ventilating
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of ground energy storage devices, in particular to a feedback system for regenerative braking energy of urban rail transit trains.
  • the invention discloses a line energy storage device, which is connected with a storage unit through a converter unit, and the converter unit and the storage unit work together to realize the storage of the regenerative energy of subway braking, and use the second capacitor to connect with the first capacitor.
  • the supercapacitor composed of three capacitors has the characteristics of fast charging and discharging speed, which realizes that when the subway vehicle starts and accelerates, the energy stored in the storage unit is preferentially compensated for the power grid. So as to realize the recycling of energy.
  • the utility model discloses a supercapacitor line energy storage system, comprising a signal input device, a converter control device and an energy storage device; the signal input device is used to input a signal to the control converter device to control the converter control startup/shutdown of the device; the converter control device includes a main control module and a bidirectional DC-DC conversion module electrically connected to the main control module, and the energy storage device is electrically connected to the bidirectional DC-DC conversion module for storing/ Release electricity.
  • the above solution can only monitor the voltage of the energy storage module, but cannot monitor the voltage of the cells in the energy storage module in real time, and the operating state of the cell directly affects the energy storage module and even the entire energy storage.
  • the operation of the device; the balancing board in the above energy storage device is powered by an external power supply.
  • the balancing circuit cannot work, and it takes a certain time (depending on the time to stop working) to be balanced before it can be put into work normally when it is powered on again. , it needs to consume a certain amount of resources; at the same time, it is necessary to consider the power supply line, communication line layout, fixation, EMC, and communication interference of the equalizer board.
  • a feedback system for regenerative braking energy of urban rail transit trains comprising:
  • an energy storage module for storing the electric energy generated by the braking of urban rail transit trains;
  • the energy storage module includes a plurality of energy storage modules, and the plurality of energy storage modules are connected in series;
  • the energy storage module includes a plurality of energy storage modules A monomer group, a plurality of the monomer groups are connected in series, and the monomer group includes a plurality of parallel monomers;
  • Ventilation cooling module for air-cooled energy storage module
  • a contactor used for cutting off the circuit in the energy storage module when the temperature of the energy storage module reaches the first temperature preset value or the voltage reaches the first voltage preset value;
  • a control and management module is used to control the start and stop of the ventilation and cooling module and the on-off of the contactor according to the collected temperature data, and the control and management module is also used to control the cells in each of the energy storage modules according to the collected voltage data Balance of voltage and on-off of contactors;
  • the self-power supply module is used to convert the voltage in each energy storage module, and provide working power for each of the balance boards respectively.
  • each parallel node of the cells in parallel in the energy storage module is provided with a voltage detection point, and the equalization board collects the voltage on each parallel node to obtain the voltage of each cell group in the energy storage module.
  • the control and management module obtains the maximum voltage difference between each cell group in the energy storage module according to the voltages on each parallel node collected by the balancing board, and if the maximum voltage difference is higher than the first preset threshold, The control and management module activates the balancing circuit in the balancing board, and transfers the power in the cell group with the highest voltage value in the energy storage module to the cell group with the lowest voltage value in the energy storage module, until the energy storage module has the lowest voltage value.
  • the maximum voltage difference is lower than the first preset threshold.
  • an equalizing resistor is provided in the cell group, and the equalizing resistor is used for discharging to consume the energy of the cell group with higher voltage in the module, until the cell group with the highest voltage in the energy storage module and the voltage The voltage difference between the lowest cell groups is less than the second preset threshold.
  • the self-powered module includes:
  • a first switch (S1) one end of the first switch is connected to the positive output end of the super capacitor group, and the other end is connected to the first thermistor (RTA1); the other end of the first thermistor is connected to the twentieth resistor (RTA1) at the same time.
  • R20) the first TVS diode (D1), the twenty-first capacitor (C21), the other ends of the twentieth resistor, the first TVS diode and the twenty-first capacitor are connected in parallel with the super capacitor group negative output terminal;
  • the first inductor (L1) includes first to fourth pins, the first pin of the first inductor is connected to the negative output end of the super capacitor group; the second pin of the first inductor passes through the first thermal The resistor is connected to the first fuse; the third pin of the first inductor is connected to one end of the twenty-second to twenty-fourth capacitors (C22-C24) at the same time, and the second to twenty-fourth capacitors The other end is connected in parallel with the fourth pin of the first inductor; the fourth pin of the first inductor is grounded;
  • the ninth power supply chip (U9) includes first to third pins, and the first pin of the ninth power supply chip is connected to the third pin of the first inductor; the second pin of the ninth power supply chip is simultaneously Connect the fourth pin of the first inductor and one end of the twenty-second resistor (R22); the third pin of the ninth power chip is connected to one end of the twenty-first resistor (R21);
  • the first transistor (Q1), the other ends of the twenty-first and twenty-second resistors are connected in parallel with the anode of the second diode (D2), and the cathode of the second diode is connected to the second diode at the same time.
  • the collector of the first triode is simultaneously connected to the third pin of the ninth power supply chip and the source of the second transistor (K2) through the twenty-fifth resistor (R25), and the source of the second transistor is also sequentially passed through
  • the twenty-seventh resistor (R27) and the twenty-sixth capacitor (C26) are connected to the drain of the second transistor;
  • the gate of the second transistor is simultaneously connected to the cathode of the fourth diode (D4) and the twenty-eighth One end of the resistor (R28), the fourth diode and the other end of the twenty-eighth resistor are connected in parallel to the source of the second transistor;
  • the drain of the second transistor is used as the output end of the DC working power supply of the self-powered module ;
  • the second transistor (Q2), the base of the second transistor is connected to one end of the twenty-sixth resistor (R26) and the negative electrode of the third diode simultaneously, and the positive electrode of the third diode is connected
  • the collector of the first diode, the other end of the twenty-sixth resistor and the emitter of the second transistor are connected in parallel to the fourth pin of the first inductor, and the collector of the second transistor is connected to the fourth pin of the second transistor. gate of the two transistors.
  • the equalization circuit in each equalization board includes a plurality of equalization units and a collection unit, the plurality of equalization units correspond to the number of the plurality of cell groups respectively, and the collection unit equalizes the voltage of each cell in the energy storage module through the equalization unit ;
  • the collection unit includes:
  • the eighth to fourteenth inductors (L8-L14), and the forty-eighth to fifty-fourth resistors (R48-R54), are connected in series in pairs to form the first to seventh RL series circuits; the first The RL series circuit resistance end is connected to the fourteenth pin of the control chip, the second RL series circuit resistance end is connected to the sixteenth pin of the control chip, the third RL series circuit resistance end is connected to the eighteenth pin of the control chip, and the third RL series circuit resistance end is connected to the eighteenth pin of the control chip.
  • the resistance end of the four RL series circuits is connected to the 20th pin of the control chip, the fifth RL series circuit resistance end is connected to the 22nd pin of the control chip, and the sixth RL series circuit resistance end is connected to the 24th pin of the control chip , the resistance end of the seventh RL series circuit is connected to the twenty-sixth pin of the control chip; the inductance end of the first RL series circuit is connected to the second, fourth, and fourth pins of the control chip respectively through the seventy-ninth resistor (R79).
  • the inductance end of the seventh RL series circuit is grounded through the fifty-fifth resistor (R55) and one end of the seventy-third capacitor (C73), respectively, and the seventh The other end of the three capacitors is connected to the twenty-sixth pin of the control chip;
  • the fourteenth pin of the control chip is simultaneously connected to the anode of the seventh diode (D7) and one end of the forty-seventh capacitor, and the cathode of the seventh diode and the other end of the forty-seventh capacitor are connected in parallel Connect the sixteenth pin; the sixteenth pin is simultaneously connected to the anode of the eighth diode (D8) and one end of the forty-eighth capacitor, and the cathode of the eighth diode and the other end of the forty-eighth capacitor are connected.
  • One end is connected in parallel with the eighteenth pin; the eighteenth pin is simultaneously connected with the anode of the ninth diode (D9) and one end of the forty-ninth capacitor, and the cathode of the ninth diode and the forty-ninth capacitor
  • the other end of the twentieth pin is connected in parallel; the twentieth pin is connected to the positive pole of the tenth diode (D10) and one end of the fiftieth capacitor, and the negative pole of the tenth diode and the fiftieth capacitor are connected in parallel.
  • the other end of the 22nd pin is connected in parallel;
  • the other end of the fifty-first capacitor is connected in parallel with the twenty-fourth pin;
  • the twenty-fourth pin is simultaneously connected to the anode of the twelfth diode (D12) and one end of the fifty-second capacitor.
  • the negative pole of the pole tube and the other end of the fifty-second capacitor are connected in parallel with the twenty-sixth pin;
  • the equalization unit includes:
  • the first field effect transistor (Q1A), the gate of the first field effect transistor is used as the second control signal input terminal through the ninety-fourth resistor (R94), and is simultaneously connected to one end of the ninety-fifth resistor (R95) and the The cathode of the first Zener diode (ZA1), the other end of the ninety-fifth resistor and the anode of the first Zener diode are connected in parallel with the source of the first field effect transistor; the source of the first field effect transistor As the second port; the drain of the FET is sequentially connected to the first equalization resistor (R1A) and the second equalization resistor (R2A) as the first port.
  • the remote monitoring terminal monitors the temperature and voltage of the energy storage module during operation, and when the control management module receives the temperature data and voltage data collected by the balancing board, the control management module further Send the temperature data and voltage data to the remote monitoring terminal.
  • the human-computer interaction module is used to display the temperature data and voltage data of the energy storage module, and when the control management module receives the temperature data and voltage data collected by the balance board, the The control management module also sends the temperature data and the voltage data to the human-computer interaction module.
  • a fuse connected to the energy storage module is also included.
  • the monomer group is formed of three/four monomers in parallel, and the energy storage module is formed of eight/six monomer groups in series.
  • the invention discloses a feedback system for regenerative braking energy of urban rail transit trains, which at least has the following beneficial effects compared with the prior art:
  • the voltage status of the monomer, energy storage module and feedback system in the regenerative braking energy feedback system of urban rail transit trains can be monitored in real time and remotely.
  • the energy storage module can balance the voltage of each cell in the energy storage module in the energy storage and non-energy storage states, ensuring that the energy storage module is in the energy storage module.
  • the maximum voltage difference is within the preset range.
  • the voltage between the cells in the energy storage module can be actively or passively balanced, so that the maximum voltage difference in the energy storage module is within a preset range to ensure the operation stability of the feedback system.
  • the energy storage module can be air-cooled by the ventilation cooling fan to improve the service life of the feedback system.
  • FIG. 1 is a structural block diagram of a feedback system for regenerative braking energy of urban rail transit trains in the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a structural block diagram of the temperature data collected by the equalizer board and the voltage data transmitted to the control management module in the feedback system of the urban rail transit train regenerative braking energy in this embodiment.
  • FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram of an energy storage module in this embodiment.
  • FIG. 4 is a circuit diagram of a self-powered module in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a circuit diagram of a collection unit in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a circuit diagram of an equalization unit in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the present invention discloses a feedback system for regenerative braking energy of urban rail transit trains, which includes an energy storage module 1, a ventilation cooling module 2, a plurality of equalization boards, a contactor, and a self-power supply module 3 and control management module 4.
  • the feedback system can recover the energy generated by the braking of urban rail transit trains; it can monitor the running state of the energy storage module 1 in real time, and specifically can monitor the real-time state of the energy storage module 1 in real time, such as monitoring the energy storage module 8.
  • the real-time voltage and real-time temperature can control the start and stop of the ventilation cooling module 2 to control the real-time temperature of the energy storage module 1, and a contactor is provided at the same time.
  • the control and management module 4 can control the contactor to cut off the circuit of the energy storage module 8 to protect the entire feedback system, and the self-power supply module is used to convert the voltage in the energy storage module to provide working power for a plurality of the balance boards.
  • the energy storage module 1 is used to store the electric energy generated by the braking of the urban rail transit train, and convert the braking energy of the urban rail transit train into electric energy and store it in the energy storage module 1.
  • control management module 4 controls the start and stop of the ventilation and cooling module 2 and the on-off of the contactor according to the collected temperature data, so as to ensure that the temperature in the energy storage module 1 is within the safe operation range.
  • the control and management module 4 can control the voltage balance in the energy storage module 1 according to the collected voltage data, so that the energy storage module 8 is in a stable operation state when storing electrical energy.
  • the specific connection mode of the self-powered module 3 includes:
  • a first switch (S1) one end of the first switch is connected to the positive output end of the super capacitor group, the other end is connected to a first fuse (FA1), and the other end of the first fuse is connected to a first thermistor (RTA1) ;
  • the other end of the first thermistor is simultaneously connected to the twentieth resistor (R20), the first transient suppression diode (D1), and the twenty-first capacitor (C21).
  • the state suppression diode and the other end of the twenty-first capacitor are connected in parallel to the negative output end of the super capacitor group;
  • the first inductor (L1) includes first to fourth pins, the first pin of the first inductor is connected to the negative output end of the super capacitor group; the second pin of the first inductor passes through the first heat
  • the varistor is connected to the first fuse; the third pin of the first inductor is connected to one end of the twenty-second to twenty-fourth capacitors (C22-C24) at the same time, and the twenty-second to twenty-fourth capacitors
  • the other end of the first inductor is connected in parallel with the fourth pin of the first inductor; the fourth pin of the first inductor is grounded;
  • the ninth power supply chip (U9) includes first to third pins, and the first pin of the ninth power supply chip is connected to the third pin of the first inductor; the second pin of the ninth power supply chip is simultaneously Connect the fourth pin of the first inductor and one end of the twenty-second resistor (R22); the third pin of the ninth power chip is connected to one end of the twenty-first resistor (R21);
  • the first transistor (Q1), the other ends of the twenty-first and twenty-second resistors are connected in parallel with the anode of the second diode (D2), and the cathode of the second diode is connected to the second diode at the same time.
  • One end of the thirteenth resistor (R23) and the base of the first triode; the other end of the twenty-third resistor and the emitter of the first triode are connected in parallel to the fourth pin of the first inductor; the The collector of the first triode is simultaneously connected to the third pin of the ninth power supply chip and the source of the second transistor (K2) through the twenty-fifth resistor (R25), and the source of the second transistor is also sequentially passed through The twenty-seventh resistor (R27) and the twenty-sixth capacitor (C26) are connected to the drain of the second transistor; the gate of the second transistor is simultaneously connected to the cathode of the fourth diode (D4) and the twenty-eighth One end of the resistor (R28), the fourth diode and the other end of the twenty-eighth resistor are connected in parallel with the source of the second transistor; the drain of the second transistor is output as the DC working power supply from the power supply module 3 end;
  • the second transistor (Q2), the base of the second transistor is connected to one end of the twenty-sixth resistor (R26) and the negative electrode of the third diode, and the positive electrode of the third diode is connected
  • the collector of the first diode, the other end of the twenty-sixth resistor and the emitter of the second transistor are connected in parallel to the fourth pin of the first inductor, and the collector of the second transistor is connected to the fourth pin of the second transistor. gate of the two transistors.
  • the current first passes through the fuse (FA1) to judge the flowing current.
  • the circuit should be blown in time to protect the circuit, to avoid damage to the components due to the flow of large current, and use the transient secondary suppression tube and the characteristics of the inductor L1 to filter out the direct current.
  • the voltage is stepped down through the ninth power supply chip (U9, model K7805-1000R3), and the output voltage of 5V is output, and the input voltage is processed by the second transistor (K2, MOS tube). Judgment to ensure that the output voltage will not exceed the preset safety threshold (5.5V), thereby ensuring the overall safety and reliability of the circuit.
  • the equalization circuit in each equalization board includes a plurality of equalization units and a collection unit, the plurality of equalization units correspond to the number of the plurality of cell groups respectively, and the collection unit equalizes the voltage of each cell in the energy storage module through the equalization unit ;
  • the collection unit includes:
  • control chip includes the first to forty-eight pins
  • the eighth to fourteenth inductors (L8-L14), and the forty-eighth to fifty-fourth resistors (R48-R54), are connected in series in pairs to form the first to seventh RL series circuits; the first The RL series circuit resistance end is connected to the fourteenth pin of the control chip, the second RL series circuit resistance end is connected to the sixteenth pin of the control chip, the third RL series circuit resistance end is connected to the eighteenth pin of the control chip, and the third RL series circuit resistance end is connected to the eighteenth pin of the control chip.
  • the resistance end of the four RL series circuits is connected to the 20th pin of the control chip, the fifth RL series circuit resistance end is connected to the 22nd pin of the control chip, and the sixth RL series circuit resistance end is connected to the 24th pin of the control chip , the resistance end of the seventh RL series circuit is connected to the twenty-sixth pin of the control chip; the inductance end of the first RL series circuit is connected to the second, fourth, and fourth pins of the control chip respectively through the seventy-ninth resistor (R79).
  • the inductance end of the seventh RL series circuit is grounded through the fifty-fifth resistor (R55) and one end of the seventy-third capacitor (C73), respectively, and the seventh The other end of the three capacitors is connected to the twenty-sixth pin of the control chip;
  • the fourteenth pin of the control chip is simultaneously connected to the anode of the seventh diode (D7) and one end of the forty-seventh capacitor, and the cathode of the seventh diode and the other end of the forty-seventh capacitor are connected in parallel Connect the sixteenth pin; the sixteenth pin is simultaneously connected to the anode of the eighth diode (D8) and one end of the forty-eighth capacitor, and the cathode of the eighth diode and the other end of the forty-eighth capacitor are connected.
  • One end is connected in parallel with the eighteenth pin; the eighteenth pin is simultaneously connected with the anode of the ninth diode (D9) and one end of the forty-ninth capacitor, and the cathode of the ninth diode and the forty-ninth capacitor
  • the other end of the twentieth pin is connected in parallel; the twentieth pin is connected to the positive pole of the tenth diode (D10) and one end of the fiftieth capacitor, and the negative pole of the tenth diode and the fiftieth capacitor are connected in parallel.
  • the other end of the 22nd pin is connected in parallel; the 22nd pin is connected to the eleventh diode at the same time
  • the positive electrode of (D11) and one end of the fifty-first capacitor, the negative electrode of the eleventh capacitor and the other end of the fifty-first capacitor are connected in parallel with the twenty-fourth pin; the twenty-fourth pin is simultaneously connected to the tenth pin
  • the anode of the second diode (D12) and one end of the fifty-second capacitor are connected in parallel with the twenty-sixth pin; the cathode of the twelfth diode and the other end of the fifty-second capacitor are connected in parallel;
  • the equalization unit includes:
  • the first field effect transistor (Q1A), the gate of the first field effect transistor is used as the second control signal input terminal through the ninety-fourth resistor (R94), and is simultaneously connected to one end of the ninety-fifth resistor (R95) and the The cathode of the first Zener diode (ZA1), the other end of the ninety-fifth resistor and the anode of the first Zener diode are connected in parallel with the source of the first field effect transistor; the source of the first field effect transistor As the second port; the drain of the FET is sequentially connected to the first equalization resistor (R1A) and the second equalization resistor (R2A) as the first port.
  • each energy storage module has six groups of monomer groups connected in series, each monomer group is connected with four cells in parallel, and the energy storage module has forty-seventh to fifty-second capacitors ( C47-C52) six groups of monomer groups; control chip (U13, the chip model is LTC6804-2), including the first to forty-eighth pins.
  • the real-time voltage data of the cells in the energy storage module are collected through the balance plate, and the maximum voltage difference between the cells in the energy storage module is compared. If the maximum voltage difference is greater than the preset value, the equalization circuit is activated to transfer the power of the cell with the highest voltage value in the energy storage module to the cell with the highest voltage in the energy storage module, or make the cell with the highest voltage value When the cell is discharged, the electric energy of the cell is consumed by the equalizing resistance.
  • the feedback system further includes a remote monitoring terminal 6, the remote monitoring terminal 6 monitors the temperature and voltage of the energy storage module 1 during operation, and the control management module 4 receives the temperature data and voltage data collected by the plurality of equalization boards 3. At this time, the control management module 4 also sends the temperature data and voltage data to the remote monitoring terminal 6 .
  • the remote monitoring terminal 6 is a display device with a communication function, which can be a mobile phone or a computer.
  • the feedback system also includes a human-computer interaction module 5, which is used to display the temperature data and voltage data of the energy storage module 1, and the control management module 4 receives the temperature data and voltage collected by the balance board. When the data is received, the control management module 4 also sends the temperature data and the voltage data to the human-computer interaction module 5 .
  • the human-computer interaction module 5 can specifically display the operating parameters in the entire feedback system, and the operating parameters include the temperature data and voltage data of the energy storage module 1.
  • the human-computer interaction module 5 can be used as an input terminal. Parameters that control the specific operation of the feedback system can be entered.
  • the feedback system also includes a fuse connected to the energy storage module 8, and the fuse can be automatically blown when a short circuit occurs in the feedback system, so as to protect the circuit safety of the feedback system.
  • the energy storage module 1 includes a plurality of energy storage modules 8, and the plurality of energy storage modules 8 are connected in series; the energy storage module 8 includes a plurality of cell groups 9, and a plurality of The monomer group 9 is connected in series, and the monomer group 9 includes a plurality of parallel monomers.
  • the cell group 9 is formed by three cells in parallel, and the energy storage module 8 is formed by connecting eight cell groups 9 in series.
  • the energy storage module 8 is connected in parallel first and then in series.
  • the energy storage module 8 will not affect the entire energy storage module 8 and even the entire feedback system due to the disconnection of the electrical connection of a single cell in a short period of time.
  • Working state for example, if a cell is disconnected from the electrical connection, the other two cells in the cell group 9 where the cell is located can still work normally.
  • the cells in the energy storage module 8 are connected in parallel first and then in series, which can make the voltage of each cell in the entire energy storage module 8 more stable; the three cells are connected in parallel to form a cell group 9, and the cell group 9
  • the voltages of the individual cells in the energy storage module 8 are equal, so that the voltage difference between the cell groups 9 connected in series in the energy storage module 8 is smaller.
  • the energy module 8 is formed by connecting monomers in series, and the difference between the individual monomers will be fully displayed during charging and discharging.
  • the performance of this common energy storage module 8 is relatively unstable, and the energy storage disclosed in the application In module 8, three cells are connected in parallel to form cell group 9.
  • the voltage of cell group 9 is the voltage of the cells. In this way, the voltage difference between cell groups 9 is weakened, that is, the voltage difference between cells is weakened. voltage difference.
  • the energy storage module 8 can be discharged, and the residual voltage is lower than 36V; the monomer used in this embodiment can be discharged to 0V when discharging.
  • Each parallel node in the energy storage module 8 in which the cells are connected in parallel is provided with a voltage detection point, and the equalization board collects the voltage on each parallel node to obtain the voltage of each cell group 9 in the energy storage module 8 .
  • a plurality of equalization plates 7 collect the real-time voltage of the cells in each energy storage module 8 and the real-time temperature of the energy storage module 8; Voltage; in this embodiment, for accurate measurement, generally two or more channels are set to measure the temperature of each energy storage module 8 .
  • nine detection points are set in the energy storage module 8, and the voltages of the eight cell groups 9 in the energy storage module 8 are detected through the nine detection points, and the voltage of the cell groups 9 is also The voltage of the cell, the application sets nine detection points in the energy storage module 8, and the balance plate 7 detects the voltage of each cell group 9 and the voltage of the energy storage module 8 through the nine in the energy storage module 8 , wherein the voltage of the cell group 9 is equal to the voltage of the cells in the cell group 9 , therefore, the equalization board 7 can detect the voltage of the energy storage module 8 and each cell in the energy storage module 8 in real time .
  • the balance board 7 sends the collected temperature data and voltage data of the energy storage module 8 to the control management module 4 , and the control management module 4 sends the temperature data and voltage data to the human interaction module 5 and the remote monitoring terminal 6 .
  • the contactor is connected to the energy storage module 1.
  • the control and management module 4 controls the contactor to be disconnected to prevent the failure from expanding.
  • the control management system controls the contactor to disconnect; the present invention protects the operation of the feedback device by setting the contactor.
  • the ventilation and cooling module 2 is controlled and activated by the control management module 4 when the temperature in the energy storage module 1 is higher than the second preset temperature.
  • the ventilation and cooling module 2 cools the energy storage module 1 by air cooling, so that the energy storage module 1
  • the operating temperature is within a preset range, and the first preset temperature value is greater than the second preset temperature value.
  • the active balancing mode of the cell voltages in the energy storage module 8 the control management module 4 is also used to control the equalization board 7 to equalize the voltage of each cell group 9 in the energy storage module 8 corresponding to the equalization board 7.
  • the control and management module 4 obtains the maximum voltage difference between the individual cell groups 9 in the energy storage module 8 according to the voltages on each parallel node collected by the equalization board 7. If the maximum voltage difference is higher than the first preset threshold, the The control and management module 4 starts the balancing circuit in the balancing board 7, and transfers the power in the cell group 9 with a higher voltage value in the energy storage module 8 to the cells with a lower voltage value in the energy storage module 8 In group 9, until the maximum voltage difference is lower than the first preset threshold.
  • the passive equalization method of the cell voltage in the energy storage module 8 the cell group 9 is provided with an equalizing resistor, the equalization plate 7 collects the voltage of each parallel node in the energy storage module 8, and obtains the energy storage module The maximum voltage difference between each cell group 9 in the group 8, if the maximum voltage difference is higher than the second preset threshold, the equalizing resistor is used for discharging to consume the energy of the higher voltage cell group 9 in the module , until the voltage difference between the cell group 9 with the highest voltage and the cell group 9 with the lowest voltage in the energy storage module 8 is smaller than the second preset threshold.

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Abstract

一种城市轨道交通列车再生制动能量的回馈系统，其包括储能模块（1）、通风冷却模块（2）、多个均衡板、自供电模块（3）、接触器和控制管理模块（4）；所述控制管理模（4）块用于根据均衡板采集的温度数据控制所述通风冷却模块（2）的启停以及接触器的通断，所述控制管理模块（4）还用于根据均衡板采集的电压数据控制所述储能模块（1）中电压的均衡以及接触器的通断。该城市轨道交通列车再生制动能量回馈系统中单体、储能模组以及回馈系统的电压状态可被实时监测，城市轨道交通列车再生制动能量回馈系统中单个单体的断开，不影响整个回馈装置的运行。

Description

一种城市轨道交通列车再生制动能量的回馈系统 技术领域
本发明涉及地面储能装置技术领域，尤其涉及一种城市轨道交通列车再生制动能量的回馈系统。
背景技术
目前的方案中，绝大多数方案都是说明再生制动能量地面利用系统整个装置。比如公开号CN201410392198，发明公开了一种线路储能装置，通过变流单元与存储单元相连，变流单元与存储单元共同作用，实现对地铁制动再生能源的存储，并利用第二电容与第三电容组成的超级电容器充放电速度快的特点，实现了在地铁车辆启动、加速时，将存储单元储存的能量优先补偿电网，在车辆减速、制动时，通过存储单元将馈电存储起来，从而实现能量的循环利用。
公开号为CN201320349978实用新型公开了一种超级电容线路储能系统，包括信号输入装置、变流控制装置及储能装置；所述信号输入装置用于向控制变流装置输入信号，控制变流控制装置的启动/关闭；所述变流控制装置包括主控模块及与主控模块电连接的双向DC-DC变换模块，所述储能装置与双向DC-DC变换模块电连接，用于储存/释放电能。
上述方案在监控储能装置时，仅能监测到储能模组的电压，不能实时监测到储能模组中单体的电压，而单体的运行状态直接影响储能模组乃至整个储能装置的运行；上述储能装置中的均衡板采用外部电源供电，当外部电源断开后，导致均衡电路无法工作，再次上电工作需要一定时间(取决于停止工作时间)进行均衡才能正常投入工作，需要耗费一定资源；同时需要考虑均衡板的供电线路、通信线路布置、固定及EMC、通信干扰等问题。
发明内容
针对现有技术的上述不足，提出一种可实时监测储能模组中单体电压、可均衡储能模组中单体电压的城市轨道交通列车再生制动能量的回馈系统。
本发明解决其技术问题采用的技术方案是：
一种城市轨道交通列车再生制动能量的回馈系统，其包括：
储能模块，用于储存城市轨道交通列车制动产生的电能；所述储能模块包括多个的储能模组，多个所述储能模组串联；所述储能模组包括多个单体组，多个所述单体组串联，所述单体组包括有多个并联的单体；
通风冷却模块，用于风冷储能模块；
多个均衡板，用于采集各个储能模组的温度数据和电压数据；所述电压数据为储能模组中各个单体的实时电压；每个所述均衡板根据与之对应的储能模组中各个单体的实时电压均衡该储能模组中各个单体的电压；
接触器，用于当储能模块的温度达到第一温度预设值或电压达到第一电压预设值时切断储能模块中的电路；
控制管理模块，用于根据采集的温度数据控制所述通风冷却模块的启停以及接触器的通断，所述控制管理模块还用于根据采集的电压数据控制各个所述储能模块中单体电压的均衡以及接触器的通断；
自供电模块，用于转换各个储能模组中的电压，分别为各个所述均衡板提供工作电源。
优选地，所述储能模组中单体并联的各个并联节点均设有电压检测点，所述均衡板采集各个并联节点上的电压以获取储能模组内各个单体组的电压。
优选地，所述控制管理模块根据均衡板采集的各个并联节点上的电压并获得储能模组中各个单体组之间的最大电压差，若最大电压差高于第一预设阀值，所述控制管理模块启动所述均衡板中的均衡电路，将储能模组中电压值最高的单体组中的电量转移到储能模组内电压值最低的单体组中，直到所述最大电压差低于所述第一预设阀值。
优选地，所述单体组中设置有均衡电阻，所述均衡电阻用于放电以消耗模组内较高电压的单体组的能量，直到储能模组中电压最高的单体组与电压最低的单体组之间的电压差小于第二预设阀值。
优选地，所述自供电模块包括：
第一开关(S1)，所述第一开关一端接超级电容组正极输出端，另一端连接第一热敏电阻(RTA1)；所述第一热敏电阻的另一端同时连接第二十电阻(R20)、第一瞬态抑制二极管(D1)、第二十一电容(C21)，所述第二十电阻、第一瞬态抑制二极管和第二十一电容的另一端并联连接超级电容组的负极输出端；
第一电感(L1)，包括第一至第四引脚，所述第一电感的第一引脚连接超级电容组的负极输出端；所述第一电感的第二引脚通过第一热敏电阻连接第一熔断器；所述第一电感的第三引脚同时连接第二十二至第二十四电容(C22-C24)的一端，所述第二十二至第二十四电容的另一端并联连接第一电感的第四引脚；所述第一电感的第四引脚接地；
第九电源芯片(U9),包括第一至第三引脚，所述第九电源芯片的第一引脚连接第一电感的第三引脚；所述第九电源芯片的第二引脚同时连接第一电感的第四引脚和第二十二电阻(R22)的一端；所述第九电源芯片的第三引脚连接第二十一电阻(R21)的一端；
第一三极管(Q1)，所述第二十一和第二十二电阻的另一端并联连接第二二极管(D2)的正极，所述第二二极管的负极同时连接第二十三电阻(R23)的一端和第一三极管的基极；所述第二十三电阻的另一端和第一三极管的发射极并联连接第一电感的第四引脚；所述第一三极管的集电极通过第二十五电阻(R25)同时连接第九电源芯片的第三引脚和第二晶体管(K2)的源极，所述第二晶体管的源极还顺序通过第二十七电阻(R27)和第二十六电容(C26)连接第二晶体管的漏极；所述第二晶体管的栅极同时连接第四二极管(D4)的负极和第二十八电阻(R28)的一端，所述第四二极管和第二十八电阻的另一端并联接连第二晶体管的源极；所述第二晶体管的漏极作为自供电模块的直流工作电源输出端；
第二三极管(Q2)，所述第二三极管的基极同时连接第二十六电阻(R26)的一端和第三二级管的负极，所述第三二极管的正极连接第一二极管的集电极，所述第二十六电阻的另一端和第二三管的发射极并联连接第一电感的第四引脚，所述第二三极管的集电极连接第二晶体管的栅极。
每个均衡板中的均衡电路包括多个均衡单元和采集单元，多个均衡单元分别与多个单体组的数量对应，所述采集单元通过均衡单元均衡储能模组内各个单体的电压；
所述采集单元包括：
第八至第十四电感(L8-L14)，和第四十八电阻至第五十四电阻(R48-R54)，并顺序两两串联组成第一至第七RL串联电路；所述第一RL串联电路电阻端连接控制芯片的第十四引脚，第二RL串联电路电阻端连接控制芯片的第十六引脚，第三RL串联电路电阻端连接控制芯片的第十八引脚，第四RL串联电路电阻端连接控制芯片的二十引脚，第五RL串联电路电阻端连接控制芯片的第二十二引脚，第六RL串联电路电阻端连接控制芯片的第二十四引脚，第七RL串联电路电阻端连接控制芯片的第二十六引脚；所述第一RL串联电路的电感端通过第七十九电阻(R79)分别连接控制芯片的第二、第四、第六、第八、第十和第十二引脚；所述第七RL串联电路的电感端通过第五十五电阻(R55)分别接地和第七十三电容(C73)的一端，第七十三电容的另一端接控制芯片的第二十六引脚；
所述控制芯片的第十四引脚同时连接第七二极管(D7)的正极和第四十七电容的一端，所述第七二极管的负极和第四十七电容的另一端并联连接第十六引脚；第十六引脚同时连接第八二极管(D8)的正极和第四十八电容的一端，所述第八二极管的负极和第四十八电容的另一端并联连接第十八引脚；第十八引脚同时连接第九二极管(D9)的正极和第四十九电容的一端，所述第九二极管的负极和第四十九电容的另一端并联连接第二十引脚；第二十引脚同时连接第十二极管(D10)的正极和第五十电容的一端，所述第十二极管的负极和第五十电容的另一端并联连接第二十二引脚；第二十二引脚同时连接第十一二极管(D11)的正极和第五十一电容的一端，所述第十一电容的负极和第五十一电容的另一端并联连接第二十四引脚；第二十四引脚同时连接第十二二极管(D12)的正极和第五十二电容的一端，所述第十二二极管的负极和第五十二电容的另一端并联连接第二十六引脚；
所述均衡单元包括：
第一场效应管(Q1A)，所述第一场效应管的栅极通过第九十四电阻(R94)作为第二控制信号输入端，并同时连接第九十五电阻(R95)的一端和第一稳压二极管(ZA1)的负极，所述第九十五电阻的另一端和第一稳压二极管的正极并联连接第一场效应管的源极；所述第一场效应管的源极作为第二端口；所述场效应管的漏极顺序连接第一均衡电阻(R1A)和第二均衡电阻(R2A)作为第一端口。
优选地，还包括远程监控终端，所述远程监控终端监控储能模块运行时的温度和电压，所述控制管理模块在接收到均衡板采集的温度数据和电压数据时，所述控制管理模块还将所述的温度数据及电压数据发送给所述远程监控终端。
优选地，还包括人机交互模块，所述人机交互模块用于显示储能模块的温度数据和电压数据，所述控制管理模块在接收到均衡板采集的温度数据和电压数据时，所述控制管理模块还将所述的温度数据以及电压数据发送给所述人机交互模块。
优选地，还包括与储能模组相连的熔断器。
优选地，所述单体组由三个/四个单体并联而成，所述储能模组由八个/六个单体组串联而成。
本发明公开了一种城市轨道交通列车再生制动能量的回馈系统，与现有技术相比，至少具有以下有益效果：
1.城市轨道交通列车再生制动能量回馈系统中单体、储能模组以及回馈系统的电压状 态可被实时监测，还可被远程监控。
2.无外部电源为多个均衡板供电，储能模块在储能以及非储能状态下都可均衡储能模组中各个单体的电压，保证储能模组中的各个单体之间的最大电压差在预设范围内。
3.城市轨道交通列车再生制动能量回馈系统中单个单体的断开，不影响整个回馈系统的运行。
4.储能模组中的单体间的电压可实现主动或被动均衡，使得储能模组中的最大电压差在预设范围内，保证回馈系统的运行稳定性。
5.通过通风冷却风机可风冷储能模块，提高回馈系统的使用寿命。
附图说明
图1为本发明中城市轨道交通列车再生制动能量的回馈系统的结构框图。
图2为本实施例中城市轨道交通列车再生制动能量的回馈系统中均衡板采集温度数据以及电压数据传输给控制管理模块的结构框图。
图3为本实施例中储能模块的电路图。
图4为本发明实施例中自供电模块的电路图。
图5为本发明实施例中采集单元的电路图。
图6为本发明实施例中均衡单元的电路图。
具体实施方式
以下是本发明的具体实施例并结合附图，对本发明的技术方案作进一步的描述，但本发明并不限于这些实施例。
请参照图1-图6，本发明公开了一种城市轨道交通列车再生制动能量的回馈系统，其包括储能模块1、通风冷却模块2、多个均衡板、接触器、自供电模块3和控制管理模块4。所述回馈系统其可回收城市轨道交通列车制动产生的能量；可实时监控储能模块1中运行状态，具体可实时监测所述储能模块1的实时状态，如监测储能模组8的实时电压和实时温度，可控制所述通风冷却模块2的启停控制储能模块1的实时温度，同时设置有接触器，当储能模组8中的温度过高或电压过高，所述控制管理模块4可控制接触器切断储能模组8的电路以保护整个回馈系统，所述自供电模块用于转换储能模组中的电压，为多个所述均衡板提供工作电源。
在本实施例中，所述储能模块1用于储存城市轨道交通列车制动产生的电能，将城市 轨道交通列车的制动能转化为电能储存在储能模块1中。
为保证储能模块1能够稳定运行，控制管理模块4根据采集的温度数据控制所述通风冷却模块2的启停以及接触器的通断，保证储能模块1中的温度处在安全运行的范围内。
所述控制管理模块4可根据采集的电压数据控制所述储能模块1中电压的均衡，使储能模组8在储存电能时处于平稳的运行状态。
所述自供电模块3具体连接方式，包括：
第一开关(S1)，所述第一开关一端接超级电容组正极输出端，另一端连接第一熔断器(FA1)，所述第一熔断器的另一端连接第一热敏电阻(RTA1)；所述第一热敏电阻的另一端同时连接第二十电阻(R20)、第一瞬态抑制二极管(D1)、第二十一电容(C21)，所述第二十电阻、第一瞬态抑制二极管和第二十一电容的另一端并联连接超级电容组的负极输出端；
第一电感(L1)，包括第一至第四引脚，所述第一电感的第一引脚连接超级电容组的负极输出端；所述中第一电感的第二引脚通过第一热敏电阻连接第一熔断器；所述第一电感的第三引脚同时连接第二十二至第二十四电容(C22-C24)的一端，所述第二十二至第二十四电容的另一端并联连接第一电感的第四引脚；所述第一电感的第四引脚接地；
第九电源芯片(U9),包括第一至第三引脚，所述第九电源芯片的第一引脚连接第一电感的第三引脚；所述第九电源芯片的第二引脚同时连接第一电感的第四引脚和第二十二电阻(R22)的一端；所述第九电源芯片的第三引脚连接第二十一电阻(R21)的一端；
第一三极管(Q1)，所述第二十一和第二十二电阻的另一端并联连接第二二极管(D2)的正极，所述第二二极管的负极同时连接第二十三电阻(R23)的一端和第一三极管的基极；所述第二十三电阻的另一端和第一三极管的发射极并联连接第一电感的第四引脚；所述第一三极管的集电极通过第二十五电阻(R25)同时连接第九电源芯片的第三引脚和第二晶体管(K2)的源极，所述第二晶体管的源极还顺序通过第二十七电阻(R27)和第二十六电容(C26)连接第二晶体管的漏极；所述第二晶体管的栅极同时连接第四二极管(D4)的负极和第二十八电阻(R28)的一端，所述第四二极管和第二十八电阻的另一端并联接连第二晶体管的源极；所述第二晶体管的漏极作为自供电模块3的直流工作电源输出端；
第二三极管(Q2)，所述第二三极管的基极同时连接第二十六电阻(R26)的一端和第三二极管的负极，所述第三二极管的正极连接第一二极管的集电极，所述第二十六电阻的另一端和第二三管的发射极并联连接第一电感的第四引脚，所述第二三极管的集电极连接 第二晶体管的栅极。
当储能模组输入直流电源至自供电模块3，且第一开关(S1)导通时，电流先经过熔断器(FA1)对流经的电流进行判断，在超过预设电流大小(可根据实际需求对熔断器型号进行选定)的电流通过时，及时熔断对电路进行保护，避免大电流流过对元器件的损坏，并利用瞬态二级抑制管，以及电感L1的特性，滤除直流电中的杂波；然后通过第九电源芯片(U9，型号为K7805-1000R3)对电压大小进行降压处理，输出5V大小的输出电压，同时通过第二晶体管(K2，MOS管)对输入电压进行判断，保证输出的电压大小不会超过预设安全阀值(5.5V)，进而保证了电路整体的安全性和可靠性。
每个均衡板中的均衡电路包括多个均衡单元和采集单元，多个均衡单元分别与多个单体组的数量对应，所述采集单元通过均衡单元均衡储能模组内各个单体的电压；
所述采集单元包括：
控制芯片，所述控制芯片包括第一至四十八引脚；
第八至第十四电感(L8-L14)，和第四十八电阻至第五十四电阻(R48-R54)，并顺序两两串联组成第一至第七RL串联电路；所述第一RL串联电路电阻端连接控制芯片的第十四引脚，第二RL串联电路电阻端连接控制芯片的第十六引脚，第三RL串联电路电阻端连接控制芯片的第十八引脚，第四RL串联电路电阻端连接控制芯片的二十引脚，第五RL串联电路电阻端连接控制芯片的第二十二引脚，第六RL串联电路电阻端连接控制芯片的第二十四引脚，第七RL串联电路电阻端连接控制芯片的第二十六引脚；所述第一RL串联电路的电感端通过第七十九电阻(R79)分别连接控制芯片的第二、第四、第六、第八、第十和第十二引脚；所述第七RL串联电路的电感端通过第五十五电阻(R55)分别接地和第七十三电容(C73)的一端，第七十三电容的另一端接控制芯片的第二十六引脚；
所述控制芯片的第十四引脚同时连接第七二极管(D7)的正极和第四十七电容的一端，所述第七二极管的负极和第四十七电容的另一端并联连接第十六引脚；第十六引脚同时连接第八二极管(D8)的正极和第四十八电容的一端，所述第八二极管的负极和第四十八电容的另一端并联连接第十八引脚；第十八引脚同时连接第九二极管(D9)的正极和第四十九电容的一端，所述第九二极管的负极和第四十九电容的另一端并联连接第二十引脚；第二十引脚同时连接第十二极管(D10)的正极和第五十电容的一端，所述第十二极管的负极 和第五十电容的另一端并联连接第二十二引脚；第二十二引脚同时连接第十一二极管
(D11)的正极和第五十一电容的一端，所述第十一电容的负极和第五十一电容的另一端并联连接第二十四引脚；第二十四引脚同时连接第十二二极管(D12)的正极和第五十二电容的一端，所述第十二二极管的负极和第五十二电容的另一端并联连接第二十六引脚；
所述均衡单元包括：
第一场效应管(Q1A)，所述第一场效应管的栅极通过第九十四电阻(R94)作为第二控制信号输入端，并同时连接第九十五电阻(R95)的一端和第一稳压二极管(ZA1)的负极，所述第九十五电阻的另一端和第一稳压二极管的正极并联连接第一场效应管的源极；所述第一场效应管的源极作为第二端口；所述场效应管的漏极顺序连接第一均衡电阻(R1A)和第二均衡电阻(R2A)作为第一端口。
在本实施例中，每个储能模组具有六组串联的单体组，每个单体组并联有四个单体，储能模组中具有第四十七至第五十二电容(C47-C52)六组单体组；控制芯片(U13，芯片型号为LTC6804-2)，包含第一至第四十八引脚。
为了对储能模组中的单体进行电势平衡，通过均衡板对储能模组中单体的实时电压数据进行采集，并比较出储能模组中各个单体之间的最大压差，若最大压差大于预设值，则启动均衡电路，将储能模组中电压值最高的单体的电量转运到该储能模组中电压最大的单体中，或者，使电压值最高的单体放电，利用均衡电阻来消耗该单体的电能。
所述回馈系统还包括远程监控终端6，所述远程监控终端6监控储能模块1运行时的温度和电压，所述控制管理模块4在接收到多个均衡板3采集的温度数据和电压数据时，所述控制管理模块4还将所述的温度数据及电压数据发送给所述远程监控终端6。
具体来说，所述远程监控终端6为具有通信功能的显示设备，可为手机，也可为电脑。
所述回馈系统还包括人机交互模块5，所述人机交互模块5用于显示储能模块1的温度数据和电压数据，所述控制管理模块4在接收到均衡板采集的温度数据和电压数据时，所述控制管理模块4还将所述的温度数据以及电压数据发送给所述人机交互模块5。
所述人机交互模块5具体可显示整个回馈系统中运行参数，所述运行参数包括储能模块1的温度数据和电压数据，在人机交互模块5可作为输入端，通过人机交互模块5可输入控制回馈系统具体运行的参数。
所述回馈系统还包括与储能模组8相连的熔断器，所述熔断器在所述回馈系统发生短 路时可自动熔断，起到保护回馈系统的电路安全的作用。
在本实施例中，所述储能模块1包括多个的储能模组8，多个所述储能模组8串联；所述储能模组8包括多个单体组9，多个所述单体组9串联，所述单体组9包括有多个并联的单体。
所述单体组9由三个单体并联而成，所述储能模组8由八个单体组9串联而成。
所述储能模组8采用先并后串的连接形式，该储能模组8在短时间内，不会因为单个单体断开电连接而影响整个储能模组8乃至整个回馈系统的工作状态；例如，若某个单体断开电连接，该单体所在的单体组9中其它两个单体仍可正常工作。
储能模组8中单体采用先并后串的连接方式，可让整个储能模组8中各个单体的电压更为稳定；三个单体并联成单体组9，单体组9内各个单体的电压都相等，使得储能模组8中串联的单体组9间的电压差更小，为更清楚的表达本实施例中储能模组8采用三并八串的特点，与普通的通过串接单体而成的储能模组8作为对比，在实际生产的单体中，即使型号相同的单体，各个单体之间的性能仍会存在差异，普通的储能模组8通过单体串接而成，各个单体之间的差异在冲放电时会被完全展现出来，这种普通的储能模组8的性能比较不稳定，而申请公开的储能模组8，三个单体并联成单体组9，单体组9的电压即为单体的电压，如此，弱化了单体组9之间的电压差，也即弱化了单体之间的电压差。
所述储能模组8可以放电，并满足残压低于36V；本实施例采用的单体在放电时，可放电至0V。
所述储能模组8中单体并联的各个并联节点均设有电压检测点，所述均衡板采集各个并联节点上的电压以获取储能模组8内各个单体组9的电压。
多个均衡板7采集各个储能模组8中单体的实时电压和储能模组8实时温度；多个所述均衡板7还用于均衡各个所述储能模组8内单体的电压；在本实施例中，为准确测量，一般设置两路以上测量各个储能模组8的温度。
在本实施例中，所述储能模组8中设置九个检测点来，通过九个检测点检测储能模组8中八个单体组9的电压，单体组9的电压也为单体的电压，本申请在储能模组8中设置九个检测点，均衡板7通过储能模组8内的九个检测到各个单体组9的电压以及储能模组8的电压，其中，单体组9的电压与在该单体组9中的单体的电压相等，因此，均衡板7可实时检测到储能模组8以及储能模组8中各个单体的电压。
均衡板7将采集的储能模组8的温度数据以及电压数据发送给控制管理模块4，所述控制管理模块4将温度数据、电压数据发送给人机交互模块5和远程监控终端6。
所述接触器与储能模块1相连，当储能模块1中单体温度过高，高于第一温度预设时，所述控制管理模块4控制接触器断开，预防故障扩大。
当均衡板7检测到储能模组8中的单体的电压过高，高于预设电压时，所述控制管理系统控制接触器断开；本发明通过设置接触器保护回馈装置的运行。
其中，通风冷却模块2在储能模块1中温度高于第二预设温度时由控制管理模块4控制启动，所述通风冷却模块2通过风冷冷却储能模块1，使储能模块1的运行温度在一个预设的范围内，所述第一温度预设值大于所述第二温度预设值。
本实施例中，储能模组8中单体电压的均衡方式有两种，具体包括主动均衡方式和被动均衡方式。
储能模组8中单体电压主动均衡方式：所述控制管理模块4还用于控制均衡板7均衡与该均衡板7对应的储能模组8内各个单体组9的电压，所述控制管理模块4根据均衡板7采集的各个并联节点上的电压并获得储能模组8中各个单体组9之间的最大电压差，若最大电压差高于第一预设阀值，所述控制管理模块4启动所述均衡板7中的均衡电路，将储能模组8中电压值较高的单体组9中的电量转移到储能模组8内电压值较低的单体组9中，直到所述最大电压差低于所述第一预设阀值。
储能模组8中单体电压的被动均衡方式：所述单体组9中设置有均衡电阻，所述均衡板7采集到储能模组8中各个并联节点的电压，并获得储能模组8中各个单体组9之间的最大电压差，若最大电压差高于第二预设阀值，所述均衡电阻用于放电以消耗模组内较高电压的单体组9的能量，直到储能模组8中电压最高的单体组9与电压最低的单体组9之间的电压差小于第二预设阀值。
本文中所描述的具体实施例仅仅是对本发明精神作举例说明。本发明所属技术领域的技术人员可以对所描述的具体实施例做各种各样的修改或补充或采用类似的方式替代，但并不会偏离本发明的精神或者超越所附权利要求书所定义的范围。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种城市轨道交通列车再生制动能量的回馈系统，其特征在于，包括：
    储能模块，用于储存城市轨道交通列车制动产生的电能；所述储能模块包括多个的储能模组，多个所述储能模组串联；所述储能模组包括多个单体组，多个所述单体组串联，所述单体组包括有多个并联的单体；
    通风冷却模块，用于风冷储能模块；
    多个均衡板，用于采集各个储能模组的温度数据和电压数据；所述电压数据为储能模组中各个单体的实时电压；每个所述均衡板根据与之对应的储能模组中各个单体的实时电压均衡该储能模组中各个单体的电压；
    接触器，用于当储能模块的温度达到第一温度预设值或电压达到第一电压预设值时切断储能模块中的电路；
    控制管理模块，用于根据采集的温度数据控制所述通风冷却模块的启停以及接触器的通断，所述控制管理模块还用于根据采集的电压数据控制各个所述储能模块中单体电压的均衡以及接触器的通断；
    自供电模块，用于转换各个储能模组中的电压，分别为各个所述均衡板提供工作电源。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的一种城市轨道交通列车再生制动能量的回馈系统，其特征在于，所述储能模组中单体并联的各个并联节点均设有电压检测点，所述均衡板采集各个并联节点上的电压以获取储能模组内各个单体组的电压。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的一种城市轨道交通列车再生制动能量的回馈系统，其特征在于，所述控制管理模块根据均衡板采集的各个并联节点上的电压并获得储能模组中各个单体组之间的最大电压差，若最大电压差高于第一预设阀值，所述控制管理模块启动所述均衡板中的均衡电路，将储能模组中电压值最高的单体组中的电量转移到储能模组内电压值最低的单体组中，直到所述最大电压差低于所述第一预设阀值。
  4. 如权利要求2所述的一种城市轨道交通列车再生制动能量的回馈系统，其特征在于，所述单体组中设置有均衡电阻，所述均衡电阻用于消耗模组内较高电压的单体组的能量，直到储能模组中电压最高的单体组与电压最低的单体组之间的电压差小于第二预设阀值。
  5. 如权利要求3所述的一种城市轨道交通列车再生制动能量的回馈系统，其特征在于，所述自供电模块包括：
    第一开关(S1)，所述第一开关一端接超级电容组正极输出端，另一端连接第一热敏电阻(RTA1)；所述第一热敏电阻的另一端同时连接第二十电阻(R20)、第一瞬态抑制二极管(D1)、第二十一电容(C21)，所述第二十电阻、第一瞬态抑制二极管和第二十一电容的另一端并联连接超级电容组的负极输出端；
    第一电感(L1)，包括第一至第四引脚，所述第一电感的第一引脚连接超级电容组的负 极输出端；所述第一电感的第二引脚通过第一热敏电阻连接第一熔断器；所述第一电感的第三引脚同时连接第二十二至第二十四电容(C22-C24)的一端，所述第二十二至第二十四电容的另一端并联连接第一电感的第四引脚；所述第一电感的第四引脚接地；
    第九电源芯片(U9),包括第一至第三引脚，所述第九电源芯片的第一引脚连接第一电感的第三引脚；所述第九电源芯片的第二引脚同时连接第一电感的第四引脚和第二十二电阻(R22)的一端；所述第九电源芯片的第三引脚连接第二十一电阻(R21)的一端；
    第一三极管(Q1)，所述第二十一和第二十二电阻的另一端并联连接第二二极管(D2)的正极，所述第二二极管的负极同时连接第二十三电阻(R23)的一端和第一三极管的基极；所述第二十三电阻的另一端和第一三极管的发射极并联连接第一电感的第四引脚；所述第一三极管的集电极通过第二十五电阻(R25)同时连接第九电源芯片的第三引脚和第二晶体管(K2)的源极，所述第二晶体管的源极还顺序通过第二十七电阻(R27)和第二十六电容(C26)连接第二晶体管的漏极；所述第二晶体管的栅极同时连接第四二极管(D4)的负极和第二十八电阻(R28)的一端，所述第四二极管和第二十八电阻的另一端并联接连第二晶体管的源极；所述第二晶体管的漏极作为自供电模块的直流工作电源输出端；
    第二三极管(Q2)，所述第二三极管的基极同时连接第二十六电阻(R26)的一端和第三二级管的负极，所述第三二极管的正极连接第一二极管的集电极，所述第二十六电阻的另一端和第二三管的发射极并联连接第一电感的第四引脚，所述第二三极管的集电极连接第二晶体管的栅极。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的一种城市轨道交通列车再生制动能量的回馈系统，其特征在于，每个均衡板中的均衡电路包括多个均衡单元和采集单元，多个均衡单元分别与多个单体组的数量对应，所述采集单元通过均衡单元均衡储能模组内各个单体的电压；
    所述采集单元包括：
    控制芯片，所述控制芯片包括第一至四十八引脚；
    第八至第十四电感(L8-L14)，和第四十八电阻至第五十四电阻(R48-R54)，并顺序两两串联组成第一至第七RL串联电路；所述第一RL串联电路电阻端连接控制芯片的第十四引脚，第二RL串联电路电阻端连接控制芯片的第十六引脚，第三RL串联电路电阻端连接控制芯片的第十八引脚，第四RL串联电路电阻端连接控制芯片的二十引脚，第五RL串联电路电阻端连接控制芯片的第二十二引脚，第六RL串联电路电阻端连接控制芯片的第二十四引脚，第七RL串联电路电阻端连接控制芯片的第二十六引脚；所述第一RL串联电路的电感端通过第七十九电阻(R79)分别连接控制芯片的第二、第四、第六、第八、第十和第十二引脚；所述第七RL串联电路的电感端通过第五十五电阻(R55)分别接地和第七十 三电容(C73)的一端，第七十三电容的另一端接控制芯片的第二十六引脚；
    所述控制芯片的第十四引脚同时连接第七二极管(D7)的正极和第四十七电容的一端，所述第七二极管的负极和第四十七电容的另一端并联连接第十六引脚；第十六引脚同时连接第八二极管(D8)的正极和第四十八电容的一端，所述第八二极管的负极和第四十八电容的另一端并联连接第十八引脚；第十八引脚同时连接第九二极管(D9)的正极和第四十九电容的一端，所述第九二极管的负极和第四十九电容的另一端并联连接第二十引脚；第二十引脚同时连接第十二极管(D10)的正极和第五十电容的一端，所述第十二极管的负极和第五十电容的另一端并联连接第二十二引脚；第二十二引脚同时连接第十一二极管(D11)的正极和第五十一电容的一端，所述第十一电容的负极和第五十一电容的另一端并联连接第二十四引脚；第二十四引脚同时连接第十二二极管(D12)的正极和第五十二电容的一端，所述第十二二极管的负极和第五十二电容的另一端并联连接第二十六引脚；
    所述均衡单元包括：
    第一场效应管(Q1A)，所述第一场效应管的栅极通过第九十四电阻(R94)作为第二控制信号输入端，并同时连接第九十五电阻(R95)的一端和第一稳压二极管(ZA1)的负极，所述第九十五电阻的另一端和第一稳压二极管的正极并联连接第一场效应管的源极；所述第一场效应管的源极作为第二端口；所述场效应管的漏极顺序连接第一均衡电阻(R1A)和第二均衡电阻(R2A)作为第一端口。
  7. 如权利要求1所述的一种城市轨道交通列车再生制动能量的回馈系统，其特征在于，所述单体组由三个/四个单体并联而成，所述储能模组由八个/六个单体组串联而成。
  8. 如权利要求1所述的一种城市轨道交通列车再生制动能量的回馈系统，其特征在于，还包括远程监控终端，所述远程监控终端监控储能模块运行时的温度和电压，所述控制管理模块在接收到均衡板采集的温度数据和电压数据时，所述控制管理模块还将所述的温度数据及电压数据发送给所述远程监控终端。
  9. 如权利要求1所述的一种城市轨道交通列车再生制动能量的回馈系统，其特征在于，还包括人机交互模块，所述人机交互模块用于显示储能模块的温度数据和电压数据，所述控制管理模块在接收到均衡板采集的温度数据和电压数据时，所述控制管理模块还将所述的温度数据以及电压数据发送给所述人机交互模块。
  10. 如权利要求1所述的一种城市轨道交通列车再生制动能量的回馈系统，其特征在于，还包括与储能模组相连的熔断器。
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