WO2022027958A1 - 一种腔内灌浆的微生物灌浆锚固方法及锚固结构 - Google Patents

一种腔内灌浆的微生物灌浆锚固方法及锚固结构 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022027958A1
WO2022027958A1 PCT/CN2021/077917 CN2021077917W WO2022027958A1 WO 2022027958 A1 WO2022027958 A1 WO 2022027958A1 CN 2021077917 W CN2021077917 W CN 2021077917W WO 2022027958 A1 WO2022027958 A1 WO 2022027958A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
grouting
solution
hollow
cavity
anchoring
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PCT/CN2021/077917
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
贾强
张鑫
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山东建筑大学
山东建大工程鉴定加固研究院
山东建固特种专业工程有限公司
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Priority claimed from CN202010788353.8A external-priority patent/CN111877566B/zh
Priority claimed from CN202010788024.3A external-priority patent/CN111877565B/zh
Application filed by 山东建筑大学, 山东建大工程鉴定加固研究院, 山东建固特种专业工程有限公司 filed Critical 山东建筑大学
Publication of WO2022027958A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022027958A1/zh

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
    • E02D5/74—Means for anchoring structural elements or bulkheads
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/38—Connections for building structures in general
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F13/00—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings
    • E04F13/07—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor
    • E04F13/21—Fastening means specially adapted for covering or lining elements
    • E04F13/22—Anchors, support angles or consoles

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of grouting and anchoring, in particular to a microbial grouting anchoring method and an anchoring structure for cavity grouting.
  • Anchor bolt is a kind of mechanical fixing part, which consists of anchor rod, nut and backing plate.
  • the anchor rod needs to be anchored into the base layer of the wall to a certain depth, and then the wall insulation or decorative materials are fixed by nuts.
  • the materials used for cementing anchors mainly include cement-based and epoxy resin. Cement-based materials are not effective when the anchoring depth is large due to the volume shrinkage of cement hardening, the materials are prone to water oozing, and the fluidity is poor. Epoxy resin materials are easy to age and have certain toxicity.
  • the calcium carbonate deposition induced by microorganisms has good filling and bonding properties. This new material has low viscosity before curing, can penetrate into the depths of the anchoring channels, and has good bonding with the wall substrate. The aging of the material fails, so it has a natural advantage for anchor bolts.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a microbial grouting anchoring method and an anchoring structure for intracavity grouting.
  • the plate is formed into a pipe for grouting, and then the anchor rod is installed in the drill hole, and then the microbial grouting solution is used for grouting, which can enhance the anchoring strength of the anchor rod after grouting; no more drilling is required, which reduces the construction process and construction difficulty.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides a microbial grouting anchoring method for cavity grouting, comprising the following steps:
  • the grouting fluid is injected into the borehole through the grouting pipe or pipe;
  • the grouting solution includes calcium source solution, mixed solution of nutrient salt and bacterial solution. During grouting, the mixed solution of nutrient salt and bacterial solution is injected first, and then the calcium source solution is injected to form a grouting deposit product in the borehole.
  • quartz sand is filled in the borehole to form a bond anchor with the grouting deposit product, and the friction force between the hollow anchor rod and the borehole is improved.
  • the installation process of the grouting pipe is as follows:
  • each group of grouting pipes includes a pipeline for conveying nutrient salt and bacterial solution mixed solution and a pipeline for conveying calcium source solution;
  • the hollow anchor rod is a hollow structure, and the side hole in the middle of the hollow anchor rod communicates with its cavity .
  • the grouting pipes conveying the same solution are grouted at the same time; the mixed solution of nutrient salt and bacterial solution is injected first until the slurry flows out of the orifice; after standing for a set time, the calcium source solution is injected until the A slurry containing calcium carbonate deposits flows out of the orifice.
  • the blocked pipes are grouted to the middle of the borehole through the side holes, and the unblocked pipes are grouted to the bottom of the borehole; some pipes in the blocked pipes transport calcium source solution, Another part of the pipeline transports the mixed solution of nutrient salt and bacterial solution; some of the pipelines in the unblocked pipeline transport the calcium source solution, and the other part of the pipeline transports the mixed solution of nutrient salt and bacterial solution; when grouting, the pipelines that transport the same solution simultaneously Grouting; firstly inject the mixture of nutrient salt and bacterial liquid until the slurry flows out from the orifice; after standing for a set time, then inject the calcium source solution until the orifice has a slurry containing calcium carbonate deposits.
  • the grouting is carried out in multiple rounds, and the calcium source solution is repeatedly injected in each round of grouting; the multiple rounds of grouting are carried out in sequence; when the grouting pressure meets the set value, the grouting is stopped.
  • the volume ratio of the mixed solution of the calcium source solution, the nutrient salt and the bacterial solution is 1-3:1-4; in the mixed solution of the nutrient salt and the bacterial solution, the volume of the bacterial solution and the bacterial solution is The ratio is 1:1;
  • the calcium source solution is calcium nitrate solution or calcium acetate solution; the nutrient salt solution includes urea solution; the bacterial solution includes Bacillus Pasteurella solution; 0.5-1 hour before grouting, the bacterial solution and the nutrient salt solution are mixed first .
  • the drilled hole is arranged obliquely, and the included angle with the horizontal direction is 15-20 degrees, and the height of the hole of the drilled hole is higher than the height of the bottom of the drilled hole.
  • the fixed object is attached to the side wall of the anchoring base, and the hollow anchor rod passes through the opening of the fixed object; a wedge-shaped backing plate is installed on the hollow anchoring rod, and the wedge-shaped angle between the two sides of the wedge-shaped backing plate is the same as the drilled hole.
  • the horizontal angle of the holes is the same, one side of the wedge-shaped backing plate is in close contact with the fixed object, and one end of the nut is pressed against the other side of the wedge-shaped backing plate.
  • the embodiment of the present invention also provides a microbial grouting anchoring structure formed by the above-mentioned microbial grouting anchoring method for intracavity grouting, including a hollow anchor rod, the hollow anchor rod has a hollow cavity, and the hollow anchor rod extends to the anchorage
  • a calcium carbonate cementing body is arranged between the drilling hole and the hollow anchor rod, the side wall of the anchor base body is set with a fixed object, the hollow anchor rod is penetrated with a wedge-shaped backing plate and a nut, and the first surface of the wedge-shaped backing plate is connected to the fixed object.
  • the objects are attached to each other, the second surface of the wedge-shaped pad is attached to the nut, and the second surface of the wedge-shaped pad is perpendicular to the hollow anchor rod;
  • the middle part of the hollow anchor rod is provided with a side hole which communicates with the inner cavity, or the hollow cavity of the hollow anchor rod is axially crossed with two partitions, and the hollow cavity is radially provided with a transverse partition.
  • the microbial grouting product is calcium carbonate, which has the same composition as concrete and has good compatibility. This material has low liquid viscosity before curing, and can penetrate deep into concrete cracks with the help of negative pressure.
  • the resulting calcium carbonate is solid, which can play a very good role in filling and bonding, avoiding the volume of grouting materials such as cement mortar.
  • the disadvantage of shrinkage and inability to enter the depths of the duct. Compared with epoxy organic anchoring materials, it is non-toxic, durable, and will not soften at high temperature, which can well ensure the mechanical properties of the anchor rod.
  • a hollow anchor rod is used, and its inner cavity is used as the channel of the grouting pipe, which reduces the diameter of the drilled hole, and the operation and construction are simple and convenient; Filling the grouting slurry, the screw and the grouting slurry solidify to form a whole, which can enhance the anchoring strength and improve the anchoring effect of the screw.
  • the grouting pipe is arranged in the cavity, the diameter of the grouting pipe is not limited, and the problem that the grouting pipe is easy to block is solved.
  • the grouting pipeline is formed by setting the partition plate in the cavity, which saves a large number of grouting pipes (only a small section of the orifice is provided for connecting with the hose), and also saves the installation of the grouting pipe and other processes, and also avoids the use of grouting pipes. The problem of small diameter grouting pipe clogging the hole.
  • the mixed solution of calcium source solution, nutrient salt and bacterial solution is used to form grouting solution, and the mixed solution of nutrient salt and bacterial solution is injected first, and then the calcium source solution is injected.
  • Nutrient salt and bacterial liquid are mixed 0.5 to 1 hour before grouting, which can generate a large amount of carbonate ions, and the ions are widely adsorbed and distributed on the pore wall and the surface of quartz sand; after the calcium source solution is poured in, calcium carbonate deposits can be formed , forming an evenly distributed and dense anchor.
  • the oblique drilling holes provided can ensure the smooth discharge of gas, and prevent too much air from being mixed into the grouting, resulting in incompact products.
  • the method of the present invention adopts segmented grouting, part of the grouting pipe extends to the bottom of the hollow anchor rod cavity, part of the grouting pipe extends from the middle of the hollow anchor rod cavity to the outside, and the grouting pipe is used for grouting, which can prevent the grouting near the grouting outlet.
  • Blockage extends the penetration distance of the grouting solution, improves the uniformity of the product, and enhances the bolt anchoring performance.
  • Figure 1 - a schematic cross-sectional view of drilling holes in the anchoring base
  • Figure 2 - a cross-sectional schematic diagram of filling a small amount of quartz sand in the hole
  • Figure 3a - a schematic cross-sectional view of inserting a hollow screw without a partition in the hole
  • Figure 3b - a schematic cross-sectional view of inserting a hollow screw with a built-in baffle in the hole;
  • Figure 4a a schematic cross-sectional view of inserting a grouting tube of bacterial solution and nutrient salt mixed solution and a grouting tube of calcium source solution into the cavity of the screw, and the connection between the two grouting tubes and the corresponding grouting pump;
  • Figure 4b - a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the connection of the bacterial liquid and nutrient salt mixed solution grouting pipe and the calcium source solution grouting pipe drawn from the grouting pump to the two parts of the pipeline separated by the inner screw baffle;
  • Figure 5a schematic cross-sectional view of the relative positions of the grout pipe, the screw without the baffle, and the drilled hole;
  • Figure 5b - a schematic cross-sectional view of the relative position of the two parts of the pipeline divided by the screw, the drill hole and the partition near the central diaphragm;
  • Figure 5c - a schematic cross-sectional view of the relative position of the two-part pipeline separated by a screw with a baffle, a drill hole, and a baffle near the position of the bore hole;
  • Figure 6 Schematic diagram of fixing the fixed object on the base with a nut
  • Figure 7 -a schematic flow chart of the microbial grouting anchoring method for intracavity grouting
  • Terminology explanation part if the terms "installation”, “connected”, “connected”, “fixed” etc. appear in the present invention, it should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or as a whole; It can be a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, a direct connection, or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, an internal connection between two elements, or an interaction relationship between the two elements.
  • the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific situations.
  • the present invention proposes a microbial grouting anchoring method and an anchoring structure for cavity grouting.
  • FIG. 1 to FIG. 7 a microbial grouting anchoring method for cavity grouting is proposed.
  • the anchoring member used in this method is composed of a hollow anchor rod (the hollow screw 4 in this embodiment) and a nut 17.
  • the anchoring section of the hollow screw 4 extends into the hole 2 of the anchoring base 1, and the hollow screw 4
  • the free section of the screw thread 5 is tightly connected with the nut 17.
  • the hollow screw can take two forms, one is without an inner baffle, and the other is with an inner baffle in the inner cavity of the screw.
  • Step 1 first drill holes on the anchoring base 1 such as a wall, as shown in Figure 1; the diameter of the hole 2 is 2-3 mm larger than the hollow screw of the anchoring member, so that the screw can be filled.
  • the drilled hole is downwardly inclined, and the included angle with the horizontal direction is about 15 to 20 degrees, and the height of the hole of the drilled hole is higher than the height of the bottom of the drilled hole, so that the air can be discharged during the grouting process.
  • the drilling depth needs to be calculated and determined according to the cohesive force provided by the grouting product and the design pullout force provided by the screw.
  • the calculation formula is:
  • l is the drilling depth
  • F is the designed pull-out force that the screw needs to provide
  • d is the bolt diameter
  • ⁇ is the bonding force provided by the grouting product per unit area, which can be determined by the pull-out test.
  • step 2 a small amount of quartz sand 3 is filled in the borehole, as shown in Fig. 2, to form a bonding anchor together with the grouting deposit product, and improve the friction force between the screw and the borehole.
  • Step 3 the hollow screw has a hollow structure with a cavity in the middle, and the cavity runs through the entire length of the screw;
  • Two 3mm side holes are opened in the middle of the hollow screw, and the side holes are connected with the cavity to ensure that the grouting pipe can protrude from the side holes. As shown in Figure 3a and Figure 4a.
  • One group of grouting pipes extends to the bottom of the hollow screw cavity, and the other group of grouting pipes extends to the hollow screw cavity. In the middle of the cavity, it extends from the side hole to the outside of the hollow anchor rod.
  • Each group of grouting pipes is composed of a pipeline for conveying bacterial liquid and nutrient salt mixture and a pipeline for conveying calcium source solution, that is, in this embodiment, four grouting pipes are provided, one of which is extended to the screw
  • the bacterial solution and nutrient salt mixed solution grouting pipe 6 at the bottom of the cavity extends to the bottom of the hollow screw cavity and transports the bacterial solution and the nutrient salt mixed solution; one of them is a calcium source solution grouting tube 7 extending to the bottom of the screw cavity , which extends to the bottom of the hollow screw cavity and transports the calcium source solution; one of them is the grouting tube 8 of the bacteria liquid and nutrient salt mixture extending to the middle of the screw cavity, which extends to the middle of the hollow screw cavity and transports the bacteria liquid , nutrient salt mixture; one of which is the calcium source solution grouting pipe 9 extending to the middle of the screw cavity, which extends to the middle of the hollow screw cavity and transports the calcium source solution.
  • Four grouting pipes are evenly arranged
  • the grouting pipe is generally a rigid hollow pipe such as PVC or steel pipe, with a diameter of about 2mm.
  • the middle grouting tube for transporting bacteria solution, nutrient salt mixture and the grouting tube for transporting calcium source solution First insert the middle grouting tube for transporting bacteria solution, nutrient salt mixture and the grouting tube for transporting calcium source solution into the side hole, the other ends of the two grouting tubes protrude from the outward end of the screw;
  • the grouting pipe for conveying bacterial liquid, nutrient salt mixed solution and the grouting pipe for conveying calcium source solution runs through the whole cavity, and finally the whole hollow screw is inserted into the drilled hole.
  • a horizontal inner baffle 21 and a vertical inner baffle 20 are arranged in the cavity of the hollow screw, and both the horizontal inner baffle 21 and the vertical inner baffle 20 are along the hollow screw axis
  • the two partitions are perpendicular to each other, and the cavity of the hollow screw is divided into 4 pipes.
  • a central diaphragm 22 is also arranged in the radial direction in the middle of the cavity of the hollow screw.
  • the central diaphragm 22 is vertically intersected with the horizontal inner diaphragm 21 and the vertical inner diaphragm 20.
  • the central diaphragm 22 divides two of them.
  • the central diaphragm in the specific setting, can be set as a semicircle, which blocks the two adjacent pipes, therefore, the two pipes are connected to the bottom of the drilled hole, that is, the extension to the hole
  • the pipeline 24 at the bottom; the two pipelines are connected to the middle of the cavity and cannot be connected to the bottom of the hole, that is, the pipeline 25 extending to the middle of the hole;
  • the blocked pipe When grouting, the blocked pipe is grouted to the middle of the borehole through the side hole, and the unblocked pipe is grouted to the bottom of the borehole; one of the two pipes connected to the bottom of the hole conveys the mixed liquid of bacteria and nutrients , the other one of which transports calcium source solution; one of the 2 pipes connected to the middle of the cavity transports bacterial liquid and nutrient salt mixture, and the other transports calcium source solution; The middle part transports bacterial liquid, nutrient salt mixture and calcium source solution.
  • Cork stoppers 27 are arranged at one end of the four pipes near the orifices, and the four grouting pipes 26 are fixed with cork stoppers 27.
  • the grouting pipes are generally rigid hollow pipes such as PVC or steel pipes, with a diameter of about 2 mm.
  • the grouting pipe extends 2-3mm from the cork. The cork also prevents the grout from running out of the pipe.
  • Step 4 in order to ensure that multiple grouting pipes are grouted at the same time, first connect the pressure grouting pump for conveying bacterial solution, nutrient salt mixture and calcium source solution to the distribution valve, and then use the hose connected from the distribution valve to connect to the corresponding on the grout pipe.
  • Each grouting pipe is connected to the grouting pump through a conveying pipeline, and a distribution valve is set on the conveying pipeline;
  • the bacterial liquid and nutrient salt mixed liquid grouting pipe 6 extending to the bottom of the screw cavity, the bacterial liquid and nutrient salt mixed liquid grouting extending to the middle of the screw cavity
  • the pipes 8 are all communicated with the hose 10 for conveying the bacterial solution and the nutrient salt mixed solution, and the hose 10 for conveying the bacterial solution and the nutrient salt mixed solution is communicated with the grouting pump 14 for the bacterial solution and the nutrient salt mixed solution.
  • Bacteria liquid and nutrient salt mixed liquid distribution valve 12 is set on the liquid hose 10 to distribute mixed liquid to the two grouting pipes; the calcium source solution grouting pipe 7 extending to the bottom of the screw cavity, and the calcium source extending to the middle of the screw cavity
  • the solution grouting pipes 9 are all communicated with the hose 11 for conveying the calcium source solution
  • the hose 11 for conveying the calcium source solution is communicated with the calcium source solution grouting pump 15, and the distribution valve 13 for the calcium source solution is set on the hose 11 for conveying the calcium source solution. , to distribute the calcium source solution to the two grouting pipes.
  • the grouting pipe connected to the pipeline for conveying the bacterial solution and the nutrient salt mixed solution and the hose for conveying the bacterial solution and the nutrient salt mixed solution are connected.
  • the hose of the nutrient salt mixture is connected with the grouting pump of the bacteria solution and the nutrient salt mixture, and the distribution valve of the bacteria solution and the nutrient salt mixture is set on the hose conveying the bacteria solution and the nutrient salt mixture to distribute the two grouting pipes.
  • the grouting solution includes the mixed solution of calcium source solution, nutrient salt and bacterial solution; the volume ratio of the mixed solution of calcium source solution, nutrient salt and bacterial solution is 1-3:1-4; under this volume ratio, it can be guaranteed that After the grouting liquid is mixed to form an anchor, it has a better uniform and dense effect.
  • the volume ratio of the mixed solution of calcium source solution, nutrient salt and bacterial solution is 3:2, and this volume mixing ratio is the optimal mixing ratio. Under this volume mixing ratio, it can be ensured that after the grouting solution is mixed The formation of anchors has the best uniform and dense effect.
  • the calcium source solution is selected from calcium nitrate (Ca(NO 3 ) 2 ) solution or calcium acetate (Ca(CH 3 COO) 2 ) solution.
  • the nutrient salt solution includes urea (CO(NH 2 ) 2 ) solution, whose main function is to provide nutrients for the growth and reproduction of microorganisms.
  • the bacteria liquid and the nutrient salt solution are mixed first, which will help to improve the enzyme activity of the bacteria liquid and produce more calcium carbonate deposits in the early stage.
  • the volume ratio of the bacterial solution and the nutrient salt solution is 1:1.
  • Step 6 start the grouting pump of the bacterial solution and the nutrient salt mixture until the orifice has the slurry flowing out; after standing for a period of time, then start the calcium source solution pump to inject the calcium source solution, until the orifice has the slurry containing calcium carbonate deposits flowing out .
  • grouting it is carried out in multiple rounds, and the multiple rounds of grouting are carried out in turn; after the calcium source solution is repeatedly pumped three times, the first round of grouting is completed; at this time, the activity of the bacterial solution has dropped significantly, and a new round of grouting needs to be carried out; when the grouting pressure When the set value is met, stop grouting.
  • the bacteria solution and the nutrient salt mixture are injected first, so that the carbonate ions generated by the two can be adsorbed and distributed on the pore wall and the surface of the quartz sand as widely as possible; after the calcium source solution is poured in, calcium carbonate deposits can be formed, forming a uniform distribution , Dense anchors.
  • the mixture of calcium source solution, nutrient salt and bacterial liquid forms grouting deposits in the borehole.
  • Step 7 install the fixed object 16, set the fixed object 16 on the side wall of the anchoring base 1, the fixed object and the side wall of the anchoring base, and the hollow screw passes through the opening of the fixed object.
  • the fixed object 16 may be a thermal insulation material outside the wall, or a structural layer such as a keel of a decorative layer.
  • Step 8 Install the wedge-shaped backing plate 19 on the hollow screw.
  • the wedge-shaped angle between the two surfaces of the wedge-shaped backing plate is the same as the horizontal angle of the drilled hole, so as to ensure that the contact surface of the wedge-shaped backing plate is vertically squeezed after the nut is installed.
  • One side of the wedge-shaped backing plate is in close contact with the fixed object, and the wedge-shaped backing plate has a through hole for the screw to pass through.
  • Step 9 install the nut 17 on the hollow screw, and one end face of the nut 17 is pressed tightly against the other face of the wedge-shaped backing plate.
  • Microbial bacteria liquid and calcium source solution are arranged in the grouting liquid, which has good filling and bonding characteristics.
  • the grouting liquid and quartz sand can jointly form a bonding anchor body, forming a A new grouting process according to the characteristics of the material.
  • a hollow screw without a partition plate can be used, and the grouting pipe can be grouted from the inner cavity of the hollow screw. Therefore, when drilling a hole, the diameter of the hole only needs to be larger than the outer diameter of the hollow screw, thereby reducing the size of the hole. The diameter of the drilled hole; at the same time, a hollow screw is set. After the grouting is completed, the cavity will also be filled with grouting slurry.
  • the grouting pipe is arranged in the cavity, and the diameter is not limited, which solves the problem that the grouting pipe is easy to block.
  • a hollow screw with an inner baffle can be used, which is provided with a baffle in the cavity of the hollow screw, and the baffle separates the cavity to form a grouting pipe, and the grouting can be realized by the cavity of the hollow screw. Therefore, When drilling, it is only necessary to make the diameter of the hole larger than the outer diameter of the hollow screw, thereby reducing the diameter of the hole; at the same time, set the hollow screw, and after the grouting is completed, the cavity will also be filled with grouting slurry , the screw and the grouting slurry solidify to form a whole, which can enhance the anchoring strength and improve the anchoring effect of the screw.
  • the present invention uses the screw hole as the grouting pipe, and there is no need to additionally set the grouting pipe.
  • the diameter of the grouting pipe is small, clogging is easy to occur, and this method can effectively avoid the occurrence of clogging of the grouting pipe.
  • This embodiment provides a microbial grouting anchor structure, as shown in FIG. 6 , including a hollow anchor rod (here, a hollow screw 4 );
  • the hollow screw can be without a partition plate, and the hollow anchor rod is a hollow structure, and the middle of the hollow anchor rod is provided with a side hole that communicates with the internal cavity;
  • the hollow screw can have an inner baffle, then the hollow anchor rod has a hollow cavity, and the hollow cavity of the hollow anchor rod is provided with a horizontal inner baffle and a vertical inner baffle along the axial direction, and the horizontal inner baffle and the vertical inner baffle Cross each other perpendicularly, divide the cavity of the hollow anchor rod into 4 pipes for grouting, and set a central diaphragm in the radial direction in the hollow cavity of the hollow anchor rod, and the central diaphragm seals two of the pipes, and the hollow anchor
  • the middle of the rod is provided with a side hole communicating with the hollow cavity;
  • the hollow screw 4 extends into the bore hole 2 of the anchoring base 1, and a calcium carbonate cement 18 induced by microorganisms is arranged between the borehole and the hollow screw 4, and a fixed object 16 is arranged on the side wall of the anchoring base, and the fixed object 16 and the anchoring base are The side walls are attached to each other, the hollow screw 4 passes through the wedge-shaped pad 19 and the nut 17, the first side of the wedge-shaped pad is attached to the fixed object, the second side of the wedge-shaped pad is attached to the nut, and the second side of the wedge-shaped pad is attached to the nut. Perpendicular to the axial direction of the hollow screw 4, the end face of the nut is pressed against the second face of the wedge-shaped backing plate.
  • the calcium carbonate cements induced by microorganisms are formed by grouting sedimentary products and quartz sand.
  • the grouting sedimentary products are nutrient salts, bacterial liquid mixture, and calcium source solution grouting into boreholes and solidify.
  • the cemented body of calcium carbonate can strengthen the anchoring effect of the hollow anchoring rod.

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Abstract

本发明公开了一种腔内灌浆的微生物灌浆锚固方法及锚固结构，包括以下步骤：在锚固基体钻孔；将多组灌浆管安设于空心锚固杆的空腔内，其中部分组灌浆管延伸至空腔底部，部分组灌浆管由空心锚固杆中部的侧孔延伸至空心锚固杆外，再将空心锚固杆插入钻孔内；或者，钻孔内安设空心锚固杆，空心锚固杆的中空空腔内沿轴向交叉设置两隔板以将中空空腔分隔为多个管道进行灌浆，中空空腔内中部沿径向设置横隔板将部分管道封堵，且空心锚固杆设置与被封堵管道相通的侧孔；将灌浆液经由灌浆管或管道注入钻孔；在锚固基体侧壁安装被固定物体，在空心锚固杆安装螺帽，完成锚固。

Description

一种腔内灌浆的微生物灌浆锚固方法及锚固结构 技术领域
本发明属于灌浆锚固技术领域，具体涉及一种腔内灌浆的微生物灌浆锚固方法及锚固结构。
背景技术
这里的陈述仅提供与本发明相关的背景技术，而不必然地构成现有技术。
锚栓是一种机械固定件，由锚杆、螺帽和垫板组成。锚杆需要锚入墙体基层一定深度，然后通过螺帽固定墙体保温或装饰材料等。用于胶结锚栓的材料主要有水泥基和环氧树脂两大类。水泥基材料由于水泥硬化体积收缩、材料易出现沁水，流动性差等问题，在锚固深度较大时效果不好；环氧树脂类材料易老化，具有一定毒性。利用微生物诱导生成的碳酸钙沉积具有很好的填充和粘结特性，这种新型材料固化前粘性很低，可渗透到锚固孔道的深处，与墙体基材的结合性好，不会因为材料的老化而失效，因此用于锚固螺栓具有天然的优势。
用水泥基和环氧树脂作为胶结材料固定螺杆时，先在墙体等基层上钻孔，再将胶结材料注入孔内，插入螺杆。然而，发明人发现，在微生物灌浆锚固螺杆时，由于灌浆液几种组分的黏性低，注入孔道后不易存留；几种灌浆组分混合后很快生成碳酸钙沉积，采用后插螺杆的方法锚固效果差；在孔口注浆孔道内空气不易排出，影响生成物的密实性。随着灌浆组分混合，碳酸钙沉积的逐步生成、沉积，靠近出 浆口附近逐渐堵塞，影响灌浆液的渗透距离和生成物的匀质性。而在螺杆外侧设置设置灌浆管进行灌浆的方式，灌浆管本身占据了一定空间，此时需要将钻孔加大或灌浆管直径减小，而直径太小的灌浆管容易堵管，若要增大灌浆管直径，则会增加钻孔直径，增加施工难度。
发明内容
针对现有技术存在的不足，本发明的目的是提供一种腔内灌浆的微生物灌浆锚固方法及锚固结构，该方法中先在锚固杆内装入灌浆管或者在锚固杆的中空空腔内设置隔板形成管道进行灌浆，再在钻孔内装入锚固杆，而后采用微生物灌浆液进行灌浆，可以增强锚固杆在灌浆后的锚固强度；无需再钻孔，减少了施工工序，降低了施工难度。
为了实现上述目的，本发明是通过如下的技术方案来实现：
第一方面，本发明的实施例提供了一种腔内灌浆的微生物灌浆锚固方法，包括以下步骤：
在锚固基体钻孔；
将多组灌浆管安设于空心锚固杆的空腔内，其中部分组灌浆管延伸至空腔底部，部分组灌浆管由空心锚固杆中部的侧孔延伸至空心锚固杆外，再将空心锚固杆插入钻孔内；或者，钻孔内安设空心锚固杆，空心锚固杆的中空空腔内沿轴向交叉设置两隔板以将中空空腔分隔为多个管道进行灌浆，中空空腔内中部沿径向设置横隔板将部分管道封堵，且空心锚固杆设置与被封堵管道相通的侧孔；
将灌浆液经由灌浆管或管道注入钻孔；
在锚固基体侧壁安装被固定物体，在空心锚固杆安装螺帽，完成 锚固；
其中，灌浆液包括钙源溶液、营养盐和菌液的混合液，灌浆时，先注入营养盐和菌液的混合液，后注入钙源溶液，在钻孔内形成灌浆沉积生成物。
作为进一步的技术方案，在安设空心锚固杆之前，先在钻孔内填筑石英砂，以与灌浆沉积生成物共同形成粘结锚固体，提高空心锚固杆与钻孔间的摩擦力。
作为进一步的技术方案，灌浆管的安设过程为：
先在空心锚固杆侧孔内插入部分组灌浆管，将该组灌浆管的另一端从空心锚固杆自由段伸出；再在空心锚固杆空腔内穿入贯穿整个空腔的另一部分组灌浆管。
作为进一步的技术方案，每组灌浆管均包括输送营养盐和菌液混合液的管道和输送钙源溶液的管道；所述空心锚固杆为中空结构，空心锚固杆中部的侧孔与其空腔连通。
作为进一步的技术方案，灌浆时，输送同一溶液的灌浆管同时灌浆；先注入营养盐和菌液的混合液，直至孔口有浆液流出；静置设定时间后，再注入钙源溶液，直至孔口有含碳酸钙沉积的浆液流出。
作为进一步的技术方案，灌浆时，被封堵的管道经由侧孔向钻孔中部灌浆，未被封堵的管道向钻孔孔底灌浆；被封堵的管道中的部分管道输送钙源溶液，另一部分管道输送营养盐和菌液的混合液；未被封堵的管道中的部分管道输送钙源溶液，另一部分管道输送营养盐和菌液的混合液；灌浆时，输送同一溶液的管道同时灌浆；先注入营养 盐和菌液的混合液，直至孔口有浆液流出；静置设定时间后，再注入钙源溶液，直至孔口有含碳酸钙沉积的浆液流出。
作为进一步的技术方案，灌浆时，分多轮进行，每轮灌浆重复注入钙源溶液多次；多轮灌浆依次进行；当灌浆压力满足设定值时，停止灌浆。
作为进一步的技术方案，所述钙源溶液、营养盐和菌液的混合液的体积比为1-3:1-4；营养盐和菌液的混合液中，菌液、营养盐溶液的体积比为1:1；
所述钙源溶液选用硝酸钙溶液或醋酸钙溶液；所述营养盐溶液包括尿素溶液；所述菌液包括巴氏芽孢杆菌液；灌浆前0.5～1小时，将菌液和营养盐溶液先行混合。
作为进一步的技术方案，钻孔倾斜设置，其与水平方向夹角在15～20度，钻孔孔口高度高于钻孔孔底高度。
作为进一步的技术方案，被固定物体与锚固基体侧壁相贴，空心锚固杆穿过被固定物体的开孔；在空心锚固杆安装楔形垫板，楔形垫板两个面的楔形夹角与钻孔的水平夹角相同，楔形垫板其中一面与被固定物体贴紧，螺帽的其中一端面与楔形垫板的另一面相贴挤紧。
第二方面，本发明实施例还提供了采用如上所述的腔内灌浆的微生物灌浆锚固方法形成的微生物灌浆锚固结构，包括空心锚固杆，空心锚固杆具有中空空腔，空心锚固杆延伸至锚固基体的钻孔内，钻孔与空心锚固杆之间设置碳酸钙胶结体，锚固基体侧壁设置被固定物体，空心锚固杆穿设楔形垫板和螺帽，楔形垫板第一面与被固定物体 相贴，楔形垫板第二面与螺帽相贴，楔形垫板第二面与空心锚固杆相垂直；
空心锚固杆中部设有连通内部空腔的侧孔，或者，空心锚固杆的中空空腔内沿轴向交叉设置两隔板，中空空腔内沿径向设置横隔板。
上述本发明的实施例的有益效果如下：
本发明的方法，微生物灌浆生成物是碳酸钙，其与混凝土成分相同，相容性好。这种材料固化前是液体粘性很低，借助负压可渗透到混凝土裂缝深处，生成物碳酸钙是固体，可以起到非常好的填充、粘结等效果，避免了水泥砂浆等灌浆材料体积收缩、不能进入孔道深处的缺点。与环氧类有机锚固材料相比，具有无毒、耐久性好、高温下不会软化，能够很好保证锚固杆的力学性能。
本发明的方法，采用空心锚固杆，其内部空腔作为灌浆管的通道，减少了钻孔的直径尺寸，操作施工简单便捷；同时，设置空心螺杆，在灌浆完成后，其空腔内也会充入灌浆浆液，螺杆与灌浆浆液凝固形成整体，可以增强锚固强度，螺杆的锚固效果得到提升。
本发明的方法，在腔内设置灌浆管，可不限制灌浆管直径大小，解决了灌浆易堵管的问题。或者，利用空腔内设置隔板形成灌浆管道，省去了大量灌浆管(仅孔口设置一小段，用于和软管连接)，也省去了灌浆管安装等工序，同时还可避免采用小直径灌浆管堵塞孔道的问题。
本发明的方法，采用钙源溶液、营养盐和菌液的混合液组成灌浆液，并在注入时先注入营养盐和菌液的混合液，后注入钙源溶液。营 养盐和菌液灌浆前0.5～1小时先行混合，可以先产生大量碳酸根离子，并且该离子广泛吸附分布在孔壁和石英砂表面；待钙源溶液灌入后，即可生成碳酸钙沉积，形成分布均匀、密实的锚固体。
本发明的方法，设置的斜向钻孔能保证气体顺利排出，防止灌浆中混入过多空气，造成生成物不密实。
本发明的方法，采用分段灌浆，部分灌浆管延伸至空心锚固杆空腔底部，部分灌浆管由空心锚固杆空腔中部延伸至外侧，由灌浆管进行灌浆，可以防止靠近出浆口附近的堵塞，延长了灌浆液的渗透距离，提高了生成物均匀性，增强了螺栓锚固性能。
附图说明
构成本发明的一部分的说明书附图用来提供对本发明的进一步理解，本发明的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本发明，并不构成对本发明的不当限定。
图1——在锚固基体上打孔的剖面示意图；
图2——在孔内填筑少量石英砂的剖面示意图；
图3a——在孔内插入不带隔板的空心螺杆的剖面示意图；
图3b——在孔内插入带内置隔板的空心螺杆的剖面示意图；
图4a——在螺杆空腔内插入菌液和营养盐混合液灌浆管和钙源溶液灌浆管以及两种灌浆管与相应灌浆泵连接的剖面示意图；
图4b——将从灌浆泵引出的菌液和营养盐混合液灌浆管以及钙源溶液灌浆管分别与螺杆内隔板分隔成的两部分管道连接的剖面示意图；
图5a——灌浆管、不带隔板的螺杆、钻孔的相对位置的横截面示意图；
图5b——靠近中央横隔板位置的螺杆、钻孔、隔板分隔成的两部分管道的相对位置的横截面示意图；
图5c——靠近钻孔孔口位置的带隔板螺杆、钻孔、隔板分隔成的两部分管道的相对位置的横截面示意图；
图6——用螺帽将被固定物体固定在基体上的示意图；
图7——腔内灌浆的微生物灌浆锚固方法流程示意图；
图中：1——锚固基体；2——钻孔；3——石英砂；4——空心螺杆；5——丝扣；6——伸至螺杆空腔底的菌液、营养盐混合液灌浆管；7——伸至螺杆空腔底的钙源溶液灌浆管；8——伸至螺杆空腔中部的菌液、营养盐混合液灌浆管；9——伸至螺杆空腔中部的钙源溶液灌浆管；10——输送菌液、营养盐混合液的软管；11——输送钙源溶液的软管；12——菌液、营养盐混合液分配阀；13——钙源溶液的分配阀；14——菌液、营养盐混合液灌浆泵；15——钙源溶液灌浆泵；16——被固定物体；17——螺帽；18——微生物诱导生成的碳酸钙胶结体；19——楔形垫板；20——竖向内隔板；21——水平内隔板；22——中央横隔板；23——侧孔；24——延伸至孔底的管道；25——延伸至孔中部的管道；26——灌浆管；27——软木塞。
为显示各部位位置而夸大了互相间间距或尺寸，示意图仅作示意使用。
具体实施方式
应该指出，以下详细说明都是例示性的，旨在对本发明提供进一步的说明。除非另有指明，本发明使用的所有技术和科学术语具有与本发明所属技术领域的普通技术人员通常理解的相同含义。
需要注意的是，这里所使用的术语仅是为了描述具体实施方式，而非意图限制根据本发明的示例性实施方式。如在这里所使用的，除非本发明另外明确指出，否则单数形式也意图包括复数形式，此外，还应当理解的是，当在本说明书中使用术语“包含”和/或“包括”时，其指明存在特征、步骤、操作、器件、组件和/或它们的组合；
为了方便叙述，本发明中如果出现“上”、“下”、“左”“右”字样，仅表示与附图本身的上、下、左、右方向一致，并不对结构起限定作用,仅仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的设备或元件必须具有特定的方位，以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。
术语解释部分:本发明中如出现术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”、“固定”等，应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或为一体；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接，可以是直接连接，也可以是通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部连接，或者两个元件的相互作用关系，对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本发明的具体含义。
正如背景技术所介绍的，现有技术中存在不足，为了解决如上的技术问题，本发明提出了一种腔内灌浆的微生物灌浆锚固方法及锚固结构。
实施例1：
本发明的一种典型的实施方式中，如图1-图7所示，提出一种腔内灌浆的微生物灌浆锚固方法。
首先，该方法中用到的锚固构件由空心锚固杆(本实施例中为空心螺杆4)、螺帽17组成，空心螺杆4的锚固段伸入锚固基体1的钻孔2内，空心螺杆4的自由段设置丝扣5与螺帽17紧固连接。
空心螺杆可采用两种形式，一种是不带内隔板，一种是在螺杆内腔带内隔板。
其锚固方法的步骤过程为：
步骤1，先在墙体等锚固基体1上钻孔，如图1所示；钻孔2的直径比锚固构件的空心螺杆大2～3mm，以便填入螺杆。
钻孔向斜下方，与水平方向夹角在15～20度左右，钻孔孔口高度高于钻孔孔底高度，以便灌浆过程中空气的排出。
钻孔深度需要根据灌浆生成物提供的粘结力和螺杆需要提供的设计抗拔力计算确定，其计算公式为：
Figure PCTCN2021077917-appb-000001
式中，l为钻孔深度；F为螺杆需要提供的设计抗拔力；d为螺栓直径；τ为单位面积灌浆生成物提供的粘结力，可通过拉拔试验确定。
步骤2，在钻孔内填筑少量石英砂3，如图2所示，与灌浆沉积生成物共同形成粘结锚固体，提高螺杆与钻孔间的摩擦力。
步骤3，空心螺杆为中空结构，其中间带有空腔，其空腔贯通螺杆全长；
针对不带隔板的空心螺杆进行以下操作过程：
在空心螺杆中部开设2个3mm侧孔，侧孔与空腔连通，保证灌浆管能从侧孔内伸出。如图3a、图4a所示。
先在空心螺杆的空腔内安设灌浆管，灌浆管设置多组，本实施例中设置两组，其中一组灌浆管延伸至空心螺杆空腔底部，另一组灌浆管延伸至空心螺杆空腔中部，并由侧孔延伸至空心锚固杆外。每一组灌浆管均由一根输送菌液、营养盐混合液的管道和一根输送钙源溶液的管道组成，也即：本实施例中，设置四个灌浆管，其中一个为伸至螺杆空腔底的菌液、营养盐混合液灌浆管6，其延伸至空心螺杆空腔底部，并输送菌液、营养盐混合液；其中一个为伸至螺杆空腔底的钙源溶液灌浆管7，其延伸至空心螺杆空腔底部，并输送钙源溶液；其中一个为伸至螺杆空腔中部的菌液、营养盐混合液灌浆管8，其延伸至空心螺杆空腔中部，并输送菌液、营养盐混合液；其中一个为伸至螺杆空腔中部的钙源溶液灌浆管9，其延伸至空心螺杆空腔中部，并输送钙源溶液。四个灌浆管在空心螺杆空腔内均匀布设，如图5所示。
灌浆管一般为PVC或钢管等硬质空心管，直径2mm左右。
空心螺杆和灌浆管具体的安设过程为：
先在侧孔内插入中部的输送菌液、营养盐混合液的灌浆管和输送钙源溶液的灌浆管，这两灌浆管的另一端从螺杆朝外的一端伸出；再在空腔穿入贯穿整个空腔的输送菌液、营养盐混合液的灌浆管和输送钙源溶液的灌浆管，最后把整个空心螺杆插入钻孔中。
针对带内隔板的空心螺杆进行以下操作过程：
如图3b、图5b、图5c所示，在空心螺杆的空腔内设置水平内隔板21和竖向内隔板20，水平内隔板21和竖向内隔板20均沿空心螺杆轴向通长设置，且两隔板相互垂直交叉，将空心螺杆的空腔分隔为4个管道。空心螺杆的空腔内中部还沿径向设置中央横隔板22，中央横隔板22与水平内隔板21、竖向内隔板20均垂直交叉设置，中央横隔板22将其中2个管道封堵，在具体设置时，可将中央横隔板设置为半圆形，其将相邻的2个管道封堵，因此，使得2个管道连通至钻孔孔底，即为延伸至孔底的管道24；2个管道连通至空腔中部，不能连通至孔底，即为延伸至孔中部的管道25；
空心螺杆中部开设2个侧孔23，2个侧孔分别与2个连通至空腔中部的管道(即被封堵的管道)相通，如图3b、图4b、图5b所示，具体设置时在中央横隔板前方不远处设置穿透螺杆管壁的侧孔，能使连通至空腔中部的管道内液体从侧孔流出，注入钻孔中段。
灌浆时，被封堵的管道经由侧孔向钻孔中部灌浆，未被封堵的管道向钻孔孔底灌浆；连通至孔底的2个管道的其中之一输送菌液和营养盐混合液，其中之另一输送钙源溶液；连通至空腔中部的2个管道其中之一输送菌液和营养盐混合液，其中之另一输送钙源溶液；由此，可向钻孔孔底和中部都输送菌液和营养盐混合液、钙源溶液。
在4个管道靠近孔口一端设置软木塞27，用软木塞27固定4根灌浆管26，灌浆管一般为PVC或钢管等硬质空心管，直径2mm左右。灌浆管从软木塞伸出2～3mm。软木塞还可以防止管道内灌浆液流出。
步骤4，为保证多个灌浆管同时灌浆，先将输送菌液、营养盐混合液以及钙源溶液的压力灌浆泵分别与分配阀相连，再用从分配阀连出的软管连接在相应的灌浆管上。
每一灌浆管均通过输送管路与灌浆泵连接，输送管路上设置分配阀；
对于不带隔板的空心螺杆来说，在本实施例中，伸至螺杆空腔底的菌液、营养盐混合液灌浆管6、伸至螺杆空腔中部的菌液、营养盐混合液灌浆管8均与输送菌液、营养盐混合液的软管10连通，输送菌液、营养盐混合液的软管10与菌液、营养盐混合液灌浆泵14连通，输送菌液、营养盐混合液的软管10上设置菌液、营养盐混合液分配阀12，以给两灌浆管分配混合液；伸至螺杆空腔底的钙源溶液灌浆管7、伸至螺杆空腔中部的钙源溶液灌浆管9均与输送钙源溶液的软管11连通，输送钙源溶液的软管11与钙源溶液灌浆泵15连通，输送钙源溶液的软管11上设置钙源溶液的分配阀13，以给两灌浆管分配钙源溶液。
对于带内隔板的空心螺杆来说，在本实施例中，与输送菌液、营养盐混合液的管道相连的灌浆管、输送菌液、营养盐混合液的软管二者相连，菌液、营养盐混合液的软管与菌液、营养盐混合液灌浆泵连通，且输送菌液、营养盐混合液的软管上设置菌液、营养盐混合液分配阀，以给两灌浆管分配混合液；与输送钙源溶液的管道相连的灌浆管、输送钙源溶液的软管二者相连，输送钙源溶液的软管与钙源溶液灌浆泵连通，且输送钙源溶液的软管上设置钙源溶液的分配阀，以给 两灌浆管分配钙源溶液。
步骤5，制作灌浆液；
所述灌浆液包括钙源溶液、营养盐和菌液的混合液；钙源溶液、营养盐和菌液的混合液的体积比为1-3:1-4；在该体积比下，可以保证灌浆液混合后形成锚固体具有较好的均匀、密实效果。
优选的实施方案中，钙源溶液、营养盐和菌液的混合液的体积比采用3:2，采用该体积配合比是最优化配合比，在该体积混合比下，可以保证灌浆液混合后形成锚固体具有最佳的均匀、密实效果。
所述钙源溶液选用硝酸钙(Ca(NO 3) 2)溶液或醋酸钙(Ca(CH 3COO) 2)溶液。
所述营养盐溶液包括尿素(CO(NH 2) 2)溶液，其主要作用是为微生物的生长和繁殖提供营养物质。
所述菌液包括巴氏芽孢杆菌；巴氏芽孢杆菌采用发酵罐培养；培养基成分及含量为：酵母提取物20g/L、硫酸铵10g/L、氢氧化钠2g/L(调节pH＝9)和氯化镍10umol/L；培养时间设定为20h，温度设定为30℃，为保证供给细菌充足的氧气，振荡床转速为210r/min；培养结束后用电导率方法检测菌液的酶活性OD600大于1。
灌浆前0.5～1小时，将菌液和营养盐溶液先行混合，有助于提高菌液的酶活性，在早期产生更多碳酸钙沉积。
所述菌液和营养盐溶液的体积比为1:1。
步骤6，先开动菌液、营养盐混合液灌浆泵，直至孔口有浆液流出；静置一段时间后，再开动钙源溶液泵注入钙源溶液，直至孔口 有含碳酸钙沉积的浆液流出。灌浆时，分多轮进行，多轮灌浆依次进行；钙源溶液共重复泵入三次后，第一轮灌浆完成；此时，菌液活性已明显下降，需要开展新一轮灌浆；当灌浆压力满足设定值时，停止灌浆。先注入菌液、营养盐混合液，是为了两者生成的碳酸根离子尽可能广泛吸附分布在孔壁和石英砂表面；待钙源溶液灌入后，即可生成碳酸钙沉积，形成分布均匀、密实的锚固体。
灌浆后，钙源溶液、营养盐和菌液的混合液在钻孔内形成灌浆沉积生成物。
步骤7，安装被固定物体16，将被固定物体16设置于锚固基体1的侧壁，被固定物体与锚固基体侧壁相贴，空心螺杆穿过被固定物体的开孔。
被固定物体16可以是墙体外保温材料，也可以是装饰层的龙骨等结构层。
步骤8，在空心螺杆上安装楔形垫板19，楔形垫板两个面的楔形夹角与钻孔的水平夹角相同，以保证安装螺帽后与楔形垫板接触面垂直挤紧。楔形垫板其中一面与被固定物体贴紧，楔形垫板具有通孔以供螺杆穿过。
步骤9，在空心螺杆上安装螺帽17，螺帽17的其中一端面与楔形垫板的另一面相贴挤紧。
由此，即完成了本发明的整体锚固方法，灌浆液中设置微生物菌液、钙源溶液，具有很好的填充和粘结特性，灌浆液与石英砂可共同形成粘结锚固体，形成了针对材料的特点的全新灌浆工艺。
本发明中，可以采用不带隔板的空心螺杆，灌浆管可由空心螺杆内部空腔进入进行灌浆，因此在钻孔时只需将钻孔直径大于空心螺杆外径即可，由此可以减小钻孔的直径大小；同时，设置空心螺杆，在灌浆完成后，其空腔内也会充入灌浆浆液，螺杆与灌浆浆液凝固形成整体，可以增强锚固强度，螺杆的锚固效果得到提升，且在腔内设置灌浆管，可不限制直径大小，解决了灌浆易堵管的问题。
本发明中，可以采用带内隔板的空心螺杆，其在空心螺杆空腔内设置隔板，隔板将空腔分隔进而可以形成灌浆的管道，由空心螺杆的空腔即可实现灌浆，因此在钻孔时只需将钻孔直径大于空心螺杆外径即可，由此可以减小钻孔的直径大小；同时，设置空心螺杆，在灌浆完成后，其空腔内也会充入灌浆浆液，螺杆与灌浆浆液凝固形成整体，可以增强锚固强度，螺杆的锚固效果得到提升。且本发明利用螺杆孔道作为灌浆管，也不必另外设置灌浆管。事实上，灌浆管直径小，很容易发生堵塞，采用本方法可有效避免灌浆管堵塞发生。
实施例2：
本实施例提供一种微生物灌浆锚固结构，如图6所示，包括空心锚固杆(此处为空心螺杆4)；
空心螺杆可不带隔板，则空心锚固杆为中空结构，空心锚固杆中部设有连通内部空腔的侧孔；
空心螺杆可带内隔板，则空心锚固杆具有中空空腔，空心锚固杆的中空空腔内沿轴向设置水平内隔板和竖向内隔板，水平内隔板和竖向内隔板相互垂直交叉，将空心锚固杆的空腔分隔为4个管道以灌浆， 空心锚固杆的中空空腔内沿径向设置中央横隔板，中央横隔板将其中两个管道封堵，空心锚固杆中部设有连通中空空腔的侧孔；
空心螺杆4延伸至锚固基体1的钻孔2内，钻孔与空心螺杆4之间设置微生物诱导生成的碳酸钙胶结体18，锚固基体侧壁设置被固定物体16，被固定物体16与锚固基体侧壁相贴，空心螺杆4穿设楔形垫板19和螺帽17，楔形垫板第一面与被固定物体相贴，楔形垫板第二面与螺帽相贴，楔形垫板第二面与空心螺杆4的轴向相垂直，螺帽的端面与楔形垫板的第二面相贴挤紧。
微生物诱导生成的碳酸钙胶结体为由灌浆沉积生成物、石英砂共同形成，灌浆沉积生成物为营养盐和菌液混合液、钙源溶液向钻孔内灌浆凝固而成。由碳酸钙胶结体，可以加强空心锚固杆的锚固效果。
以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本发明，对于本领域的技术人员来说，本发明可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种腔内灌浆的微生物灌浆锚固方法，其特征是，包括以下步骤：
    在锚固基体钻孔；
    将多组灌浆管安设于空心锚固杆的空腔内，其中部分组灌浆管延伸至空腔底部，部分组灌浆管由空心锚固杆中部的侧孔延伸至空心锚固杆外，再将空心锚固杆插入钻孔内；或者，钻孔内安设空心锚固杆，空心锚固杆的中空空腔内沿轴向交叉设置两隔板以将中空空腔分隔为多个管道进行灌浆，中空空腔内中部沿径向设置横隔板将部分管道封堵，且空心锚固杆设置与被封堵管道相通的侧孔；
    将灌浆液经由灌浆管或管道注入钻孔；
    在锚固基体侧壁安装被固定物体，在空心锚固杆安装螺帽，完成锚固；
    其中，灌浆液包括钙源溶液、营养盐和菌液的混合液，灌浆时，先注入营养盐和菌液的混合液，后注入钙源溶液，在钻孔内形成灌浆沉积生成物。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的腔内灌浆的微生物灌浆锚固方法，其特征是，在安设空心锚固杆之前，先在钻孔内填筑石英砂，以与灌浆沉积生成物共同形成粘结锚固体，提高空心锚固杆与钻孔间的摩擦力。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的腔内灌浆的微生物灌浆锚固方法，其特征是，灌浆管的安设过程为：
    先在空心锚固杆侧孔内插入部分组灌浆管，将该组灌浆管的另一端从空心锚固杆自由段伸出；再在空心锚固杆空腔内穿入贯穿整个空 腔的另一部分组灌浆管。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的腔内灌浆的微生物灌浆锚固方法，其特征是，每组灌浆管均包括输送营养盐和菌液混合液的管道和输送钙源溶液的管道；所述空心锚固杆为中空结构，空心锚固杆中部的侧孔与其空腔连通；灌浆时，输送同一溶液的灌浆管同时灌浆；先注入营养盐和菌液的混合液，直至孔口有浆液流出；静置设定时间后，再注入钙源溶液，直至孔口有含碳酸钙沉积的浆液流出。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的腔内灌浆的微生物灌浆锚固方法，其特征是，灌浆时，被封堵的管道经由侧孔向钻孔中部灌浆，未被封堵的管道向钻孔孔底灌浆；被封堵的管道中的部分管道输送钙源溶液，另一部分管道输送营养盐和菌液的混合液；未被封堵的管道中的部分管道输送钙源溶液，另一部分管道输送营养盐和菌液的混合液；灌浆时，输送同一溶液的管道同时灌浆；先注入营养盐和菌液的混合液，直至孔口有浆液流出；静置设定时间后，再注入钙源溶液，直至孔口有含碳酸钙沉积的浆液流出。
  6. 如权利要求1或4或5所述的腔内灌浆的微生物灌浆锚固方法，其特征是，灌浆时，分多轮进行，每轮灌浆重复注入钙源溶液多次；多轮灌浆依次进行；当灌浆压力满足设定值时，停止灌浆。
  7. 如权利要求1所述的腔内灌浆的微生物灌浆锚固方法，其特征是，所述钙源溶液、营养盐和菌液的混合液的体积比为1-3:1-4；营养盐和菌液的混合液中，菌液、营养盐溶液的体积比为1:1；
    所述钙源溶液选用硝酸钙溶液或醋酸钙溶液；所述营养盐溶液包 括尿素溶液；所述菌液包括巴氏芽孢杆菌液；灌浆前0.5～1小时，将菌液和营养盐溶液先行混合。
  8. 如权利要求1所述的腔内灌浆的微生物灌浆锚固方法，其特征是，钻孔倾斜设置，其与水平方向夹角在15～20度，钻孔孔口高度高于钻孔孔底高度。
  9. 如权利要求8所述的腔内灌浆的微生物灌浆锚固方法，其特征是，被固定物体与锚固基体侧壁相贴，空心锚固杆穿过被固定物体的开孔；在空心锚固杆安装楔形垫板，楔形垫板两个面的楔形夹角与钻孔的水平夹角相同，楔形垫板其中一面与被固定物体贴紧，螺帽的其中一端面与楔形垫板的另一面相贴挤紧。
  10. 采用如权利要求1-9任一项所述的腔内灌浆的微生物灌浆锚固方法形成的微生物灌浆锚固结构，其特征是，包括空心锚固杆，空心锚固杆具有中空空腔，空心锚固杆延伸至锚固基体的钻孔内，钻孔与空心锚固杆之间设置碳酸钙胶结体，锚固基体侧壁设置被固定物体，空心锚固杆穿设楔形垫板和螺帽，楔形垫板第一面与被固定物体相贴，楔形垫板第二面与螺帽相贴，楔形垫板第二面与空心锚固杆相垂直；
    空心锚固杆中部设有连通内部空腔的侧孔，或者，空心锚固杆的中空空腔内沿轴向交叉设置两隔板，中空空腔内沿径向设置横隔板。
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CN114808921A (zh) * 2022-04-12 2022-07-29 三峡大学 一种可回收的旋进式锚杆-微生物灌浆加固装置及方法
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