WO2022021951A1 - 一种新型高效余热回用及烟气脱白集成装置 - Google Patents

一种新型高效余热回用及烟气脱白集成装置 Download PDF

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WO2022021951A1
WO2022021951A1 PCT/CN2021/087987 CN2021087987W WO2022021951A1 WO 2022021951 A1 WO2022021951 A1 WO 2022021951A1 CN 2021087987 W CN2021087987 W CN 2021087987W WO 2022021951 A1 WO2022021951 A1 WO 2022021951A1
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flue gas
air
heat exchanger
smoke
exhaust
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PCT/CN2021/087987
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English (en)
French (fr)
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刘亚伟
邢翰科
王利华
叶盛
王东岳
刘强
徐琛
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浙江开尔新材料股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2022021951A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022021951A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/343—Heat recovery
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/002—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by condensation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
    • B01D53/48—Sulfur compounds
    • B01D53/50—Sulfur oxides
    • B01D53/501—Sulfur oxides by treating the gases with a solution or a suspension of an alkali or earth-alkali or ammonium compound
    • B01D53/502—Sulfur oxides by treating the gases with a solution or a suspension of an alkali or earth-alkali or ammonium compound characterised by a specific solution or suspension
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
    • B01D53/48—Sulfur compounds
    • B01D53/50—Sulfur oxides
    • B01D53/501—Sulfur oxides by treating the gases with a solution or a suspension of an alkali or earth-alkali or ammonium compound
    • B01D53/504—Sulfur oxides by treating the gases with a solution or a suspension of an alkali or earth-alkali or ammonium compound characterised by a specific device
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
    • B01D53/77—Liquid phase processes
    • B01D53/78—Liquid phase processes with gas-liquid contact
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2258/00—Sources of waste gases
    • B01D2258/02—Other waste gases
    • B01D2258/0283—Flue gases

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of energy-saving and emission-reduction production, in particular to a novel integrated device for high-efficiency waste heat reuse and flue gas dewhitening.
  • the flue gas, dehumidification and whitening of wet desulfurization can be effectively solved, it can not only eradicate haze pollution, but also achieve environmental protection standards at low cost, ultra-low and near-zero emissions, especially the recovery of moisture and waste heat in flue gas, and annual water saving
  • the potential is billions of tons, improving the efficiency of coal combustion, and taking into account the contradiction between the environment and development.
  • Coal-fired boilers are basically used in the original production, including thermal power, iron and steel, chemical industry, and solid waste treatment.
  • the moisture from the exhaust smoke from the wet desulfurization system of coal-fired boilers is taken as an example.
  • the desulfurization system consumes 120m 3 /h of water per hour, including 71.8m 3 /h of moisture in the original flue gas and an increase of 40m 3 /h for desulfurization, and the annual water consumption is about 1 million tons.
  • the flue gas in the chimney is in a saturated state, the saturated flue gas is rapidly cooled by the lower temperature atmosphere, the water vapor in the flue gas condenses into a liquid state, and the light transmittance of the flue gas decreases, thus showing the phenomenon of white smoke from the chimney; Further diffusion in the atmosphere, the concentration of water vapor in the atmosphere decreases, the sunlight transmittance increases, and the partial pressure of water vapor decreases, the saturation temperature decreases and re-evaporates, and the white smoke gradually decreases until it disappears.
  • the main influencing factors of white plume emission are ambient temperature, ambient relative humidity, flue gas temperature at the chimney outlet, ambient wind speed, and flue gas velocity.
  • ambient temperature the more obvious the phenomenon of plume emission, and the more difficult it is to control the plume; the higher the environmental humidity, the more difficult it is for the moisture in the plume to diffuse in time, resulting in an increase in the scope of influence of the plume, and the more difficult it is to treat the wet plume.
  • the elimination mechanism of the white plume is mainly to change the outlet flue temperature of the absorption tower, thereby changing the moisture content in the flue gas. Raising the flue gas temperature can reduce the relative moisture content in the flue gas; reducing the flue gas temperature can reduce the relative humidity in the flue gas. The absolute moisture content in the flue gas; or increase the ambient temperature.
  • the present invention provides a low cost and can effectively solve the flue gas, dehumidification and dehumidification of wet desulfurization.
  • a new type of high-efficiency waste heat reuse and flue gas dewhitening integrated device with good safety performance and high degree of automation.
  • a new type of high-efficiency waste heat reuse and flue gas dewhitening integrated device including:
  • the heat exchanger the side wall of the heat exchanger is provided with an air inlet and an air outlet
  • the inside of the heat exchanger is provided with a plate-type air duct to facilitate air circulation
  • the two ends of the plate-type air duct extend to the corresponding
  • a first fan is fixed at the air inlet
  • the top and bottom of the heat exchanger are respectively provided with a smoke inlet and a smoke outlet for the flow of high-temperature flue gas, and the at the drain port for discharging condensate;
  • the smoke inlet pipe is arranged at the smoke inlet, and one end of the smoke inlet pipe is connected to the outlet pipe of the external wet desulfurization tower, and the other end is connected to the smoke inlet;
  • An exhaust duct the exhaust duct includes an exhaust duct and a smoke exhaust duct, one end of the exhaust duct is connected to the air outlet, the other end is communicated with an exhaust cylinder, and one end of the smoke exhaust duct is connected to the At the exhaust port, the other end is communicated with the exhaust cylinder;
  • a condensing assembly includes a condensing water tank and a condensing water delivery pump, the condensing water tank is connected to the liquid discharge port by a connecting pipe, the condensing water delivery pump is communicated with the condensing water tank through the connecting pipe, and for pumping out the condensate in the condensate tank;
  • the lye neutralization component is communicated with the condensed water tank by using the connecting pipe, and is used for neutralizing the PH value of the condensed liquid collected in the condensed water tank.
  • the present invention discloses a novel integrated device for high-efficiency waste heat recycling and flue gas dewhitening. It is blown into the plate air duct in the heat exchanger and exchanges heat with the high temperature flue gas in the heat exchanger to increase the temperature of the clean air in the plate air duct. The heated clean air enters the exhaust pipe through the exhaust duct.
  • the moisture content and relative humidity of the mixed flue gas are greatly reduced, thereby reducing the dew point temperature of the exhaust flue gas, making the exhaust gas
  • the flue gas does not reach the dew point temperature within a short time after it is discharged, and the moisture in the exhaust gas will not condense into water mist, thereby achieving the purpose of reducing white smoke, and the remaining part of the heated clean air can also be used as heat for recycling; cooling After the flue gas condenses a large amount of condensate, the condensate enters the condensate tank through the drain port and connecting pipe at the bottom of the heat exchanger, and the lye neutralization component can reduce the PH value of the condensate in the condensate tank from 2-3 Adjust to 7-9.5, and use the condensate transfer pump to recycle and recycle the neutralized condensate.
  • the novel high-efficiency waste heat reuse and flue gas dewhitening integrated device of the present invention not only has reasonable structural design and strong structural stability, but also has good safety performance, low cost and high degree of automation, and can effectively solve the problem of flue gas exhaust in wet desulfurization. Dehumidification and whitening, eradication of haze pollution, has good application prospects and high promotion value.
  • the heat exchanger is an enamel plate heat exchanger
  • the material used for the shell of the enamel plate heat exchanger is stainless steel
  • the enamel plate heat exchanger shell is made of 2205 duplex stainless steel.
  • the device has high heat exchange efficiency and strong structural stability, and the thermal conductivity of the enamel plate heat exchanger is increased by about 330% compared with the traditional stainless steel plate heat exchanger.
  • the heat exchanger is also provided with a plurality of baffles arranged in parallel along the flue gas flow direction, and the plurality of baffles are evenly spaced, and the plurality of the baffles are made of stainless steel.
  • the separator is made of 2205 duplex stainless steel.
  • the beneficial effect of adopting the above technical scheme is that the arrangement of the partition plate can effectively prevent the heat exchanger shell from resonating, and at the same time, the heat exchanger in the device is not easily blocked, easy to clean, and has strong corrosion resistance. Effectively fix the plate duct in the heat exchanger.
  • the air inlet, the air outlet and the plate-type air duct there are two or more of the air inlet, the air outlet and the plate-type air duct, and the two or more air inlets and the two or more air outlets are respectively arranged on the side of the heat exchanger.
  • the plate-type air ducts are respectively arranged corresponding to the two or more air inlets and the two or more air outlets.
  • the beneficial effect of adopting the above technical solution is that the heat exchange efficiency between clean air and high temperature flue gas inside the heat exchanger in the device is effectively improved.
  • the number of the first fans is more than two, and the two or more first fans are respectively arranged at the two or more air inlets, and are used for blowing clean air from the outside into the heat exchanger. in the panel duct.
  • the beneficial effect of adopting the above technical scheme is that it is convenient to blow a large amount of clean air from the outside into the heat exchanger, which further improves the heat exchange efficiency between the clean air and the high-temperature flue gas inside the heat exchanger.
  • a second fan is also provided on the smoke exhaust duct, which is used to extract the heat-exchanged flue gas in the heat exchanger, and discharge the heat-exchanged flue gas into the inside the exhaust.
  • the beneficial effect of the above technical solution is that it is convenient to extract the flue gas after heat exchange by the heat exchanger into the exhaust pipe, so that the cooled flue gas can be mixed with the warmed clean air, and the moisture content of the mixed flue gas can be reduced. rate and relative humidity, so as to reduce the dew point temperature of exhaust flue gas and achieve the purpose of reducing white smoke.
  • the first fan adopts an axial flow fan
  • the second fan adopts an induced draft fan
  • the beneficial effects of the above technical solutions are that the axial flow fan is convenient for blowing a large amount of outside air into the heat exchanger, improving the heat exchange efficiency between the outside air and the high-temperature flue gas, and the induced draft fan is convenient for cooling the flue gas in the heat exchanger.
  • the gas is extracted into the exhaust pipe to achieve the purpose of reducing white smoke.
  • the lye neutralization component comprises an lye discharge pump, a lye storage tank and an automatic dosing pump, and the liquid inlet end of the lye discharge pump is communicated with the external alkali transporter by using the connecting pipe,
  • the liquid outlet end is communicated with the lye storage tank by the connecting pipe, and is used for pumping the lye in the external caustic transport vehicle into the lye storage tank, and the liquid inlet of the automatic dosing pump
  • the connecting pipe is used to communicate with the lye storage tank at the end, and the liquid outlet end is communicated with the condensed water tank through the connecting pipe, for pumping the lye in the lye storage tank to the condensed water tank in order to neutralize the PH value of the condensate in the condensate tank.
  • the beneficial effect of adopting the above technical scheme is that the overall structure of the device is reasonably designed and compact, and the desulfurized flue gas condensate can be neutralized to fully meet the water quality requirements of desulfurization process water or cooling tower circulating water , the PH value of the condensed water can be neutralized from 2-3 to 7-9.5, and the neutralized condensed water can be connected to the desulfurization process water tank as the water supply for the desulfurization process. , the condensed water can all be used as the make-up water for the desulfurization process.
  • the excess part can be discharged to the cooling tower as the circulating water make-up water to achieve zero water consumption for desulfurization without affecting the water balance of the desulfurization system.
  • an instrument control unit and a PLC control cabinet there are multiple instrument control units, and a plurality of the instrument control units are evenly arranged in the exhaust duct, the smoke exhaust duct and the exhaust cylinder, respectively. It is used to monitor the temperature and pressure in the exhaust duct, the smoke exhaust duct and the exhaust cylinder.
  • the PLC control cabinet is located outside the heat exchanger, and the PLC control cabinet is connected to the The instrument control unit, the first fan, the second fan and the condensate water delivery pump are signally connected.
  • the beneficial effects of adopting the above technical solution are that the device has good safety performance, high degree of automation and strong controllability.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a novel high-efficiency waste heat recycling and flue gas dewhitening integrated device provided by the present invention.
  • 1-heat exchanger 11-air inlet, 12-air outlet, 13-smoke inlet, 14-smoke outlet, 15-liquid outlet, 16-partition, 2-first fan, 3-inlet Smoke duct, 4-exhaust duct, 5-smoke duct, 6-exhaust tube, 7-condensate assembly, 71-condensate tank, 72-condensate delivery pump, 8-lye neutralization component, 81-lye Discharge pump, 82-lye storage tank, 83-automatic dosing pump, 9-second fan, 10-instrument control unit, 20-PLC control cabinet, 100-external wet desulfurization tower outlet pipeline.
  • first and second are only used for descriptive purposes, and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implying the number of indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined as “first” or “second” may expressly or implicitly include one or more of that feature.
  • “plurality” means two or more, unless otherwise expressly and specifically defined.
  • the terms “installed”, “connected”, “connected”, “fixed” and other terms should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it may be a fixed connection or a detachable connection , or integrated; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, and it can be the internal connection of the two elements or the interaction relationship between the two elements.
  • installed may be a fixed connection or a detachable connection , or integrated; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, and it can be the internal connection of the two elements or the interaction relationship between the two elements.
  • a first feature "on” or “under” a second feature may include the first and second features in direct contact, or may include the first and second features Not directly but through additional features between them.
  • the first feature being “above”, “over” and “above” the second feature includes the first feature being directly above and obliquely above the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is level higher than the second feature.
  • the first feature is “below”, “below” and “below” the second feature includes the first feature being directly below and diagonally below the second feature, or simply means that the first feature has a lower level than the second feature.
  • the invention discloses a novel high-efficiency waste heat reuse and flue gas dewhitening integrated device, comprising:
  • the heat exchanger 1 has an air inlet 11 and an air outlet 12 on the side wall of the heat exchanger 1.
  • the heat exchanger 1 is provided with a plate-type air duct to facilitate air circulation.
  • the two ends of the plate-type air duct extend to the corresponding air inlets respectively.
  • 11 and the air outlet 12, and the first fan 2 is fixed at the air inlet 11, and the top and bottom of the heat exchanger 1 are respectively provided with a smoke inlet 13 and a smoke outlet 14 for making the high temperature flue gas flow, and a smoke outlet 14 for discharging Drain port 15 for condensate;
  • the smoke inlet pipe 3, the smoke inlet pipe 3 is arranged at the smoke inlet 13, and one end of the smoke inlet pipe 3 is connected with the external wet desulfurization tower outlet pipe 100, and the other end is connected at the smoke inlet 13;
  • the exhaust duct includes an exhaust duct 4 and a smoke exhaust duct 5.
  • One end of the exhaust duct 4 is connected to the air outlet 12, and the other end is connected to the exhaust cylinder 6.
  • One end of the exhaust duct 5 is connected to the smoke exhaust port 14. The other end is communicated with the exhaust cylinder 6;
  • Condensation assembly 7 includes a condensed water tank 71 and a condensed water delivery pump 72.
  • the condensed water tank 71 is connected to the drain port 15 by a connecting pipe.
  • the condensate in 71 is pumped out;
  • the lye neutralization component 8 is communicated with the condensed water tank 71 by using a connecting pipe, and is used for neutralizing the PH value of the condensed liquid collected in the condensed water tank 71 .
  • the heat exchanger 1 is an enamel plate heat exchanger 1
  • the material used for the shell of the enamel plate heat exchanger 1 is 2205 duplex stainless steel, so that the heat exchange efficiency of the device is high.
  • Strong structural stability, the thermal conductivity of the enamel plate heat exchanger is increased by about 330% compared with the traditional stainless steel plate heat exchanger.
  • the heat exchanger 1 is further provided with a plurality of baffles 16 arranged in parallel along the flue gas flow direction, and the plurality of baffles 16 are evenly spaced.
  • the material is 2205 duplex stainless steel, which can effectively prevent the heat exchanger shell from resonating. At the same time, it also makes the inside of the heat exchanger in the device not easy to block, easy to clean, and has strong corrosion resistance.
  • the plate type air duct can be effectively fixed.
  • the two air inlets 11 and two air outlets 12 are respectively arranged opposite to the side wall of the heat exchanger 1, and the plate air duct is Multiple and multiple plate-type air ducts are respectively arranged corresponding to two air inlets 11 and two air outlets 12, thereby effectively improving the heat exchange efficiency between clean air and high-temperature flue gas inside the heat exchanger in the device.
  • the two first fans 2 there are two first fans 2 , and the two first fans 2 are respectively arranged at the two air inlets 11 , and are used for blowing clean air from the outside into the heat exchanger 1 .
  • the plate-type air duct it is convenient to blow a large amount of clean air from the outside into the interior of the heat exchanger, which further improves the heat exchange efficiency between the clean air inside the heat exchanger and the high-temperature flue gas.
  • the exhaust duct 5 is further provided with a second fan 9 for extracting the heat-exchanged flue gas in the heat exchanger 1 and passing the heat-exchanged flue gas through the exhaust duct 5 is discharged into the exhaust pipe 6, so as to facilitate the extraction of the flue gas after the heat exchange of the heat exchanger into the exhaust pipe, so that the cooled flue gas can be mixed with the warmed clean air, and the moisture content of the mixed flue gas can be reduced. rate and relative humidity, thereby reducing the dew point temperature of the exhausted flue gas to achieve the purpose of reducing white smoke.
  • the first fan 2 adopts an axial flow fan
  • the second fan 9 adopts an induced draft fan.
  • the heat exchange efficiency is improved, and the induced draft fan is convenient to extract the cooled flue gas in the heat exchanger into the exhaust pipe to achieve the purpose of reducing white smoke.
  • the lye neutralization component 8 includes a lye discharge pump 81, a lye storage tank 82 and an automatic dosing pump 83, and the liquid inlet end of the lye discharge pump 81 is connected to the The external alkali transport truck is connected, and the liquid outlet end is communicated with the lye storage tank 82 by using a connecting pipe, which is used for pumping the lye in the external alkali transport truck to the alkali liquid storage tank 82, and the liquid inlet end of the automatic dosing pump 83
  • the connection pipe is used to communicate with the lye storage tank 82 , and the liquid outlet is communicated with the condensed water tank 71 through the connection pipe, so as to pump the lye in the lye storage tank 82 into the condensed water tank 71 to neutralize the condensed water tank 71
  • the PH value of the condensate makes the overall structure of the device reasonable in design and strong in structure.
  • the PH value of the condensed water is neutralized from 2-3 to 7-9.5, and the neutralized condensed water is connected to the desulfurization process water tank as water supplement for the desulfurization process. It can all be used as make-up water for the desulfurization process.
  • the excess part can be discharged to the cooling tower as circulating water make-up water to achieve zero water consumption for desulfurization without affecting the water balance of the desulfurization system.
  • the present invention further includes an instrument control unit 10 and a PLC control cabinet 20.
  • instrument control unit 10 and a PLC control cabinet 20.
  • the PLC control cabinet 20 is arranged outside the heat exchanger 1, and the PLC control cabinet 20 is connected to a plurality of instruments.
  • the control unit 10, the first fan 2, the second fan 9 and the condensate water delivery pump 72 are signally connected, so that the device has good safety performance, high degree of automation and strong controllability.
  • the novel high-efficiency waste heat reuse and flue gas dewhitening integrated device of the present invention facilitates blowing the outside clean air into the plate-type air duct in the heat exchanger by using the plate-type air duct and the first fan, and is connected with the heat-exchanger.
  • the high-temperature flue gas in the heat exchange is carried out to increase the temperature of the clean air in the plate-type air duct.
  • the heated clean air enters the exhaust pipe through the exhaust pipe, and is connected with the cooled flue gas introduced into the exhaust pipe through the exhaust pipe.
  • the lye neutralization component can adjust the PH value of the condensed liquid in the condensed water tank from 2-3 to 7-9.5, and use the condensed water delivery pump to neutralize the neutralized water.
  • the condensate is recycled for recycling.
  • the device not only has reasonable structural design and strong structural stability, but also has good safety performance, low cost and high degree of automation. High promotional value.

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Abstract

一种新型高效余热回用及烟气脱白集成装置，包括：换热器（1），换热器（1）上开设有进风口（11）和出风口（12），且其内部设有板式风管，板式风管两端分别延伸至对应的进风口（11）和出风口（12），且进风口（11）处设有第一风机（2），换热器（1）顶部和底部分别开设有进烟口（13）、排烟口（14）和排液口（15）；进烟管道（3），进烟管道（3）连接在进烟口（13）处；排气管道，排气管道包括排风管道（4）和排烟管道（5），排风管道（4）一端与出风口（12）连通，排烟管道（5）一端与排烟口（14）连通，且二者的另一端均与排气筒（6）连通；冷凝组件（7），冷凝组件（7）利用连接管与排液口（15）连接；碱液中和组件（8），碱液中和组件（8）利用连接管与冷凝水箱（71）连通。

Description

一种新型高效余热回用及烟气脱白集成装置 技术领域
本发明涉及节能减排生产技术领域，更具体的说是涉及一种新型高效余热回用及烟气脱白集成装置。
背景技术
我国目前工业生产中如火电、化工、固废处理等行业都存在尾气排放的现象，目前包括火电等各行业的燃煤锅炉烟气90％以上上了脱硫，其中超过90％采用湿法，现有技术中如通过低温电除尘器和/或末端湿式静电除尘器改造，可以满足新国标(GB13223-2011)要求，甚至实现超低排放。抛开投资和运行成本问题不说，就算我国各种燃煤锅炉都达到超低排放水平，也不能彻底解决大气雾霾污染，原因是现行标准规范中有一大缺失，就是没有排放烟气湿度的控制指标，而这恰恰是形成雾霾的根源。因此如能有效解决湿法脱硫的排烟除湿脱白，不仅能根除雾霾污染，还能低成本实现环保达标、超低近零排放，特别是回收烟气中的水分和余热，年节水潜力几十亿吨，提高燃煤效率，兼顾解决环境与发展的矛盾。
我国是属于煤矿大国，原有的生产中包括火电、钢铁、化工及固废处理等行业基本都采用燃煤锅炉，燃煤锅炉湿法脱硫系统排烟带出的水分，以300MW机组为例，脱硫系统每小时消耗水120m 3/h，包括原烟气带水分71.8m 3/h、脱硫增加40m 3/h，年耗水量约100万吨。按照燃烧吨煤放散烟气10000Nm 3/t、湿烟气所含水分112g/Nm 3估算，每燃烧1吨煤湿烟气带走水分1吨，主要包括煤中原始含水和脱硫补充水，如果全国消耗煤37亿吨，燃煤烟气带入大气的水分则高达三十多亿吨。
烟囱内的烟气处于饱和状态，饱和烟气受温度较低的大气急剧冷却，烟气中水蒸气冷凝成液态，烟气透射光率下降，从而表现出烟囱冒白烟现象；随着烟气在大气中的进一步扩散，水蒸气在大气中的浓度降低，阳光透射率 提高，并且其中的水蒸气分压力下降、饱和温度下降而重新蒸发，进而白烟逐步减少直至消失。
白色烟羽排放的影响因素主要为环境温度、环境相对湿度、烟囱出口烟气温度、环境风速、烟气速度等。其中，环境温度越低，烟羽排放现象越明显，烟羽治理难度越大；环境湿度越大，烟羽中的水分越难以及时扩散，造成烟羽影响范围增大，湿烟羽治理难度越大；烟囱出口烟气温度越低，湿烟羽长度越小，采用降温措施可以在一定程度上减弱或消除湿烟羽现象；环境风速越高，湿烟羽飘散的距离越远；烟气速度越大，湿烟羽的长度越大，表明燃煤机组负荷和烟囱出口直径也是影响湿烟羽排放的重要因素。白色烟羽的消除机理主要是改变吸收塔的出口烟温，进而改变烟气中的含湿量，升高烟气温度，可降低烟气中的相对含湿量；降低烟气温度，可降低烟气中的绝对含湿量；或者提高外界环境温度。
因此，如何提供一种安全性能好且自动化程度高的新型高效余热回用及烟气脱白集成装置是本领域技术人员亟需解决的问题。
发明内容
有鉴于此，为了解决现有技术中湿法脱硫技术运行成本高、无法彻底解决大气雾霾污染等技术问题，本发明提供了一种成本较低，能够有效解决湿法脱硫的排烟除湿脱白，根除雾霾污染，安全性能好且自动化程度高的新型高效余热回用及烟气脱白集成装置。
为了实现上述目的，本发明采用如下技术方案：
一种新型高效余热回用及烟气脱白集成装置，包括：
换热器，所述换热器侧壁上开设有进风口和出风口，所述换热器内部设有便于空气流通的板式风管，所述板式风管的两端分别延伸至对应的所述进风口和所述出风口处，且所述进风口处固定有第一风机，所述换热器顶部和底部还分别开设有用于使高温烟气流动的进烟口和排烟口以及用于排出冷凝液的排液口；
进烟管道，所述进烟管道设于所述进烟口处，且所述进烟管道的一端与外部湿法脱硫塔出口管道连通，另一端连接在所述进烟口处；
排气管道，所述排气管道包括排风管道和排烟管道，所述排风管道一端连接在所述出风口处，另一端与排气筒连通，所述排烟管道一端连接在所述排烟口处，另一端与所述排气筒连通；
冷凝组件，所述冷凝组件包括冷凝水箱和冷凝水输送泵，所述冷凝水箱利用连接管与所述排液口连接，所述冷凝水输送泵通过所述连接管与所述冷凝水箱连通，用于将所述冷凝水箱中的冷凝液泵出；
碱液中和组件，所述碱液中和组件利用所述连接管与所述冷凝水箱连通，用于中和所述冷凝水箱中收集的冷凝液的PH值。
经由上述的技术方案可知，与现有技术方案相比，本发明公开提供了一种新型高效余热回用及烟气脱白集成装置，通过利用板式风管和第一风机，便于将外界干净空气鼓入换热器内的板式风管中，并与换热器内的高温烟气进行换热，提高板式风管内干净空气的温度，升温后的干净空气经由排风管道进入排气筒内，并与经由排烟管道引入排气筒内的降温后的烟气进行混合，就使得混合后的烟气湿含率和相对湿度大大降低，从而降低了排空烟气的露点温度，使排空烟气在排出后很短时间内达不到露点温度，尾气水分不会凝结成水雾，进而达到消减白烟的目的，剩余的另一部分加热后的干净空气也可作为热能实现回收利用；降温后的烟气凝结出大量的冷凝液，冷凝液经由换热器底部的排液口和连接管进入冷凝水箱内，碱液中和组件可将冷凝水箱内的冷凝液的PH值由2-3调节至7-9.5，并利用冷凝水输送泵对中和后的冷凝液进行循环回收利用。本发明的一种新型高效余热回用及烟气脱白集成装置，不仅结构设计合理，结构稳定性强，而且安全性能好，成本较低，自动化程度高，能够有效解决湿法脱硫的排烟除湿脱白，根除雾霾污染，具有良好的应用前景和较高的推广价值。
进一步的，所述换热器为搪瓷板式换热器，且所述搪瓷板式换热器壳体采用的材质为不锈钢材质。
可选地，所述搪瓷板式换热器壳体采用2205双相不锈钢材质。
采用上述技术方案产生的有益效果是，使得该装置的换热效率高，结构稳定性强，搪瓷板式换热器的导热系数与传统的不锈钢板式换热器相比提高了约330％。
进一步的，所述换热器内部还设置有沿烟气流通方向平行布置的多个隔板，且多个隔板均匀间隔排布，多个所述隔板采用的材质为不锈钢材质。
可选地，所述隔板采用2205双相不锈钢材质。
采用上述技术方案产生的有益效果是，隔板的设置能够有效防止换热器壳体产生共振，同时还使得该装置中的换热器内部不易堵塞，清洗方便，耐腐蚀性强，而且还能够对换热器内的板式风管进行有效固定。
进一步的，所述进风口、所述出风口和所述板式风管均为两个以上，两个以上所述进风口和两个以上所述出风口分别相对布置在所述换热器的侧壁上，两个以上所述板式风管分别与两个以上所述进风口和两个以上所述出风口对应设置。
采用上述技术方案产生的有益效果是，有效提高了该装置中换热器内部干净空气与高温烟气的换热效率。
进一步的，所述第一风机为两个以上，且两个以上所述第一风机分别对应布置在两个以上所述进风口处，用于将外界干净空气鼓入所述换热器内的板式风管中。
采用上述技术方案产生的有益效果是，便于将外界干净空气大量地鼓入换热器内部，进一步提高了换热器内部干净空气与高温烟气的换热效率。
进一步的，所述排烟管道上还设置有第二风机，用于抽取所述换热器内换热后的烟气，并将换热后的烟气经由所述排烟管道排入所述排气筒内。
采用上述技术方案产生的有益效果是，便于将换热器换热后的烟气抽取至排气筒内，使降温后的烟气与升温后的干净空气混合，降低混合后的烟气湿含率和相对湿度，从而降低排空烟气的露点温度，达到消减白烟的目的。
进一步的，所述第一风机采用轴流风机，所述第二风机采用引风机。
采用上述技术方案产生的有益效果是，轴流风机便于将外界空气大量地鼓入换热器内，提高外界空气与高温烟气的换热效率，引风机便于将换热器内降温后的烟气抽取至排气筒内，达到消减白烟的目的。
进一步的，所述碱液中和组件包括碱液卸料泵、碱液储罐和自动加药泵，所述碱液卸料泵的进液端利用所述连接管与外界运碱车连通，出液端利用所述连接管与所述碱液储罐连通，用于将所述外界运碱车中的碱液泵送至所述碱液储罐内，所述自动加药泵的进液端利用所述连接管与所述碱液储罐连通， 出液端利用所述连接管与所述冷凝水箱连通，用于将所述碱液储罐中的碱液泵送至所述冷凝水箱内，以中和所述冷凝水箱内冷凝液的PH值。
采用上述技术方案产生的有益效果是，使得该装置整体结构设计合理，结构紧凑性强，能够将脱硫后的烟气冷凝水经中和处理后完全满足脱硫工艺水或冷却塔循环水的水质要求，可将冷凝水的PH值由2-3中和处理至7-9.5，并使中和后的冷凝水接至脱硫工艺水箱，作为脱硫工艺补水，当烟气冷凝水量不大于脱硫水耗时，冷凝水可全部作为脱硫工艺补水，当烟气冷凝水量大于脱硫水耗时，多余的部分可排至冷却塔作为循环水补水，实现脱硫的零水耗，而且不会影响脱硫系统的水平衡。
进一步的，还包括仪控单元和PLC控制柜，所述仪控单元为多个，多个所述仪控单元分别均匀布置在所述排风管道、所述排烟管道和所述排气筒上，用于监测所述排风管道、所述排烟管道和所述排气筒内的温度和压力，所述PLC控制柜设于所述换热器外部，且所述PLC控制柜与多个所述仪控单元、所述第一风机、所述第二风机和所述冷凝水输送泵信号连接。
采用上述技术方案产生的有益效果是，使得该装置安全性能好且自动化程度高，可控性强。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据提供的附图获得其他的附图。
图1附图为本发明提供的一种新型高效余热回用及烟气脱白集成装置的结构示意图。
其中：1-换热器，11-进风口，12-出风口，13-进烟口，14-排烟口，15-排液口，16-隔板，2-第一风机，3-进烟管道，4-排风管道，5-排烟管道，6-排气筒，7-冷凝组件，71-冷凝水箱，72-冷凝水输送泵，8-碱液中和组件，81-碱液卸料泵，82-碱液储罐，83-自动加药泵，9-第二风机，10-仪控单元，20-PLC控制柜，100-外部湿法脱硫塔出口管道。
具体实施方式
下面详细描述本发明的实施例，所述实施例的示例在附图中示出，其中自始至终相同或类似的标号表示相同或类似的元件或具有相同或类似功能的元件。下面通过参考附图描述的实施例是示例性的，旨在用于解释本发明，而不能理解为对本发明的限制。
在本发明的描述中，需要理解的是，术语“上”、“下”、“前”、“后”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“顶”、“底”“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。
此外，术语“第一”、“第二”仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。由此，限定有“第一”、“第二”的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括一个或者更多个该特征。在本发明的描述中，“多个”的含义是两个或两个以上，除非另有明确具体的限定。
在本发明中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”、“固定”等术语应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或成一体；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通或两个元件的相互作用关系。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本发明中的具体含义。
在本发明中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，第一特征在第二特征之“上”或之“下”可以包括第一和第二特征直接接触，也可以包括第一和第二特征不是直接接触而是通过它们之间的另外的特征接触。而且，第一特征在第二特征“之上”、“上方”和“上面”包括第一特征在第二特征正上方和斜上方，或仅仅表示第一特征水平高度高于第二特征。第一特征在第二特征“之下”、“下方”和“下面”包括第一特征在第二特征正下方和斜下方，或仅仅表示第一特征水平高度小于第二特征。
本发明公开了一种新型高效余热回用及烟气脱白集成装置，包括：
换热器1，换热器1侧壁上开设有进风口11和出风口12，换热器1内部设有便于空气流通的板式风管，板式风管的两端分别延伸至对应的进风口11和出风口12处，且进风口11处固定有第一风机2，换热器1顶部和底部还分别开设有用于使高温烟气流动的进烟口13和排烟口14以及用于排出冷凝液的排液口15；
进烟管道3，进烟管道3设于进烟口13处，且进烟管道3的一端与外部湿法脱硫塔出口管道100连通，另一端连接在进烟口13处；
排气管道，排气管道包括排风管道4和排烟管道5，排风管道4一端连接在出风口12处，另一端与排气筒6连通，排烟管道5一端连接在排烟口14处，另一端与排气筒6连通；
冷凝组件7，冷凝组件7包括冷凝水箱71和冷凝水输送泵72，冷凝水箱71利用连接管与排液口15连接，冷凝水输送泵72通过连接管与冷凝水箱71连通，用于将冷凝水箱71中的冷凝液泵出；
碱液中和组件8，碱液中和组件8利用连接管与冷凝水箱71连通，用于中和冷凝水箱71中收集的冷凝液的PH值。
根据本发明的一个可选实施例，换热器1为搪瓷板式换热器1，且搪瓷板式换热器1壳体采用的材质为2205双相不锈钢材质，从而使得该装置的换热效率高，结构稳定性强，搪瓷板式换热器的导热系数与传统的不锈钢板式换热器相比提高了约330％。
根据本发明的一个可选实施例，换热器1内部还设置有沿烟气流通方向平行布置的多个隔板16，且多个隔板16均匀间隔排布，多个隔板16采用的材质为2205双相不锈钢材质，从而能够有效防止换热器壳体产生共振，同时还使得该装置中的换热器内部不易堵塞，清洗方便，耐腐蚀性强，而且还能够对换热器内的板式风管进行有效固定。
根据本发明的一个可选实施例，进风口11和出风口12均为两个，两个进风口11和两个出风口12分别相对布置在换热器1的侧壁上，板式风管为多个，且多个板式风管分别与两个进风口11和两个出风口12对应设置，从而有效提高了该装置中换热器内部干净空气与高温烟气的换热效率。
根据本发明的一个可选实施例，第一风机2为两个，且两个第一风机2分别对应布置在两个进风口11处，用于将外界干净空气鼓入换热器1内的板式风管中，从而便于将外界干净空气大量地鼓入换热器内部，进一步提高了换热器内部干净空气与高温烟气的换热效率。
根据本发明的一个可选实施例，排烟管道5上还设置有第二风机9，用于抽取换热器1内换热后的烟气，并将换热后的烟气经由排烟管道5排入排气筒6内，从而便于将换热器换热后的烟气抽取至排气筒内，使降温后的烟气与升温后的干净空气混合，降低混合后的烟气湿含率和相对湿度，进而降低排空烟气的露点温度，达到消减白烟的目的。
根据本发明的一个可选实施例，第一风机2采用轴流风机，第二风机9采用引风机，轴流风机便于将外界空气大量地鼓入换热器内，提高外界空气与高温烟气的换热效率，引风机便于将换热器内降温后的烟气抽取至排气筒内，达到消减白烟的目的。
根据本发明的一个可选实施例，碱液中和组件8包括碱液卸料泵81、碱液储罐82和自动加药泵83，碱液卸料泵81的进液端利用连接管与外界运碱车连通，出液端利用连接管与碱液储罐82连通，用于将外界运碱车中的碱液泵送至碱液储罐82内，自动加药泵83的进液端利用连接管与碱液储罐82连通，出液端利用连接管与冷凝水箱71连通，用于将碱液储罐82中的碱液泵送至冷凝水箱71内，以中和冷凝水箱71内冷凝液的PH值，从而使得该装置整体结构设计合理，结构紧凑性强，能够将脱硫后的烟气冷凝水经中和处理后完全满足脱硫工艺水或冷却塔循环水的水质要求，可将冷凝水的PH值由2-3中和处理至7-9.5，并使中和后的冷凝水接至脱硫工艺水箱，作为脱硫工艺补水，当烟气冷凝水量不大于脱硫水耗时，冷凝水可全部作为脱硫工艺补水，当烟气冷凝水量大于脱硫水耗时，多余的部分可排至冷却塔作为循环水补水，实现脱硫的零水耗，而且不会影响脱硫系统的水平衡。
根据本发明的一个可选实施例，还包括仪控单元10和PLC控制柜20，仪控单元10为多个，多个仪控单元10分别均匀布置在排风管道4、排烟管道5和排气筒6上，用于监测排风管道4、排烟管道5和排气筒6内的温度和压力，PLC控制柜20设于换热器1外部，且PLC控制柜20与多个仪控单元10、第 一风机2、第二风机9和冷凝水输送泵72信号连接，从而使得该装置安全性能好且自动化程度高，可控性强。
本发明的一种新型高效余热回用及烟气脱白集成装置，通过利用板式风管和第一风机，便于将外界干净空气鼓入换热器内的板式风管中，并与换热器内的高温烟气进行换热，提高板式风管内干净空气的温度，升温后的干净空气经由排风管道进入排气筒内，并与经由排烟管道引入排气筒内的降温后的烟气进行混合，就使得混合后的烟气湿含率和相对湿度大大降低，从而降低了排空烟气的露点温度，使排空烟气在排出后很短时间内达不到露点温度，尾气水分不会凝结成水雾，进而达到消减白烟的目的，剩余的另一部分加热后的干净空气也可作为热能实现回收利用；降温后的烟气凝结出大量的冷凝液，冷凝液经由换热器底部的排液口和连接管进入冷凝水箱内，碱液中和组件可将冷凝水箱内的冷凝液的PH值由2-3调节至7-9.5，并利用冷凝水输送泵对中和后的冷凝液进行循环回收利用。该装置不仅结构设计合理，结构稳定性强，而且安全性能好，成本较低，自动化程度高，能够有效解决湿法脱硫的排烟除湿脱白，根除雾霾污染，具有良好的应用前景和较高的推广价值。
在本说明书的描述中，参考术语“一个实施例”、“一些实施例”、“示例”、“具体示例”、或“一些示例”等的描述意指结合该实施例或示例描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点包含于本发明的至少一个实施例或示例中。在本说明书中，对上述术语的示意性表述不必须针对的是相同的实施例或示例。而且，描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点可以在任何的一个或多个实施例或示例中以合适的方式结合。此外，本领域的技术人员可以将本说明书中描述的不同实施例或示例进行接合和组合。
尽管上面已经示出和描述了本发明的实施例，可以理解的是，上述实施例是示例性的，不能理解为对本发明的限制，本领域的普通技术人员在本发明的范围内可以对上述实施例进行变化、修改、替换和变型。

Claims (9)

  1. 一种新型高效余热回用及烟气脱白集成装置，其特征在于，包括：
    换热器(1)，所述换热器(1)侧壁上开设有进风口(11)和出风口(12)，所述换热器(1)内部设有便于空气流通的板式风管，所述板式风管的两端分别延伸至对应的所述进风口(11)和所述出风口(12)处，且所述进风口(11)处固定有第一风机(2)，所述换热器(1)顶部和底部还分别开设有用于使高温烟气流动的进烟口(13)和排烟口(14)以及用于排出冷凝液的排液口(15)；
    进烟管道(3)，所述进烟管道(3)设于所述进烟口(13)处，且所述进烟管道(3)的一端与外部湿法脱硫塔出口管道(100)连通，另一端连接在所述进烟口(13)处；
    排气管道，所述排气管道包括排风管道(4)和排烟管道(5)，所述排风管道(4)一端连接在所述出风口(12)处，另一端与排气筒(6)连通，所述排烟管道(5)一端连接在所述排烟口(14)处，另一端与所述排气筒(6)连通；
    冷凝组件(7)，所述冷凝组件(7)包括冷凝水箱(71)和冷凝水输送泵(72)，所述冷凝水箱(71)利用连接管与所述排液口(15)连接，所述冷凝水输送泵(72)通过所述连接管与所述冷凝水箱(71)连通，用于将所述冷凝水箱(71)中的冷凝液泵出；
    碱液中和组件(8)，所述碱液中和组件(8)利用所述连接管与所述冷凝水箱(71)连通，用于中和所述冷凝水箱(71)中收集的冷凝液的PH值。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种新型高效余热回用及烟气脱白集成装置，其特征在于，所述换热器(1)为搪瓷板式换热器(1)，且所述搪瓷板式换热器(1)壳体采用的材质为不锈钢材质。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的一种新型高效余热回用及烟气脱白集成装置，其特征在于，所述换热器(1)内部还设置有沿烟气流通方向平行布置的多个隔板(16)，且多个隔板(16)均匀间隔排布，多个所述隔板(16)采用的材质为不锈钢材质。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的一种新型高效余热回用及烟气脱白集成装置，其特征在于，所述进风口(11)、所述出风口(12)和所述板式风管均为两个以上，两个以上所述进风口(11)和两个以上所述出风口(12)分别相对 布置在所述换热器(1)的侧壁上，两个以上所述板式风管分别与两个以上所述进风口(11)和两个以上所述出风口(12)对应设置。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的一种新型高效余热回用及烟气脱白集成装置，其特征在于，所述第一风机(2)为两个以上，且两个以上所述第一风机(2)分别对应布置在两个以上所述进风口(11)处，用于将外界干净空气鼓入所述换热器(1)内的板式风管中。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的一种新型高效余热回用及烟气脱白集成装置，其特征在于，所述排烟管道(5)上还设置有第二风机(9)，用于抽取所述换热器(1)内换热后的烟气，并将换热后的烟气经由所述排烟管道(5)排入所述排气筒(6)内。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的一种新型高效余热回用及烟气脱白集成装置，其特征在于，所述第一风机(2)采用轴流风机，所述第二风机(9)采用引风机。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的一种新型高效余热回用及烟气脱白集成装置，其特征在于，所述碱液中和组件(8)包括碱液卸料泵(81)、碱液储罐(82)和自动加药泵(83)，所述碱液卸料泵(81)的进液端利用所述连接管与外界运碱车连通，出液端利用所述连接管与所述碱液储罐(82)连通，用于将所述外界运碱车中的碱液泵送至所述碱液储罐(82)内，所述自动加药泵(83)的进液端利用所述连接管与所述碱液储罐(82)连通，出液端利用所述连接管与所述冷凝水箱(71)连通，用于将所述碱液储罐(82)中的碱液泵送至所述冷凝水箱(71)内，以中和所述冷凝水箱(71)内冷凝液的PH值。
  9. 根据权利要求1-8任一项所述的一种新型高效余热回用及烟气脱白集成装置，其特征在于，还包括仪控单元(10)和PLC控制柜(20)，所述仪控单元(10)为多个，多个所述仪控单元(10)分别均匀布置在所述排风管道(4)、所述排烟管道(5)和所述排气筒(6)上，用于监测所述排风管道(4)、所述排烟管道(5)和所述排气筒(6)内的温度和压力，所述PLC控制柜(20)设于所述换热器(1)外部，且所述PLC控制柜(20)与多个所述仪控单元(10)、所述第一风机(2)、所述第二风机(9)和所述冷凝水输送泵(72)信号连接。
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