WO2022019771A1 - Construction de tours d'éolienne pour des opérations de levage lourdes - Google Patents

Construction de tours d'éolienne pour des opérations de levage lourdes Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022019771A1
WO2022019771A1 PCT/NO2021/050168 NO2021050168W WO2022019771A1 WO 2022019771 A1 WO2022019771 A1 WO 2022019771A1 NO 2021050168 W NO2021050168 W NO 2021050168W WO 2022019771 A1 WO2022019771 A1 WO 2022019771A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
tower
wind turbine
load
turbine according
lifting means
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/NO2021/050168
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Pål HYLLAND
Rune YTTERVIK
Bernt Karsten LYNGVÆR
Knut Axel Munkebye AARNES
Original Assignee
Equinor Energy As
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Equinor Energy As filed Critical Equinor Energy As
Publication of WO2022019771A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022019771A1/fr

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D13/00—Assembly, mounting or commissioning of wind motors; Arrangements specially adapted for transporting wind motor components
    • F03D13/20—Arrangements for mounting or supporting wind motors; Masts or towers for wind motors
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H12/00—Towers; Masts or poles; Chimney stacks; Water-towers; Methods of erecting such structures
    • E04H12/02—Structures made of specified materials
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D80/00—Details, components or accessories not provided for in groups F03D1/00 - F03D17/00
    • F03D80/50—Maintenance or repair
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D13/00—Assembly, mounting or commissioning of wind motors; Arrangements specially adapted for transporting wind motor components
    • F03D13/10—Assembly of wind motors; Arrangements for erecting wind motors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2230/00—Manufacture
    • F05B2230/60—Assembly methods
    • F05B2230/61—Assembly methods using auxiliary equipment for lifting or holding
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/90—Mounting on supporting structures or systems
    • F05B2240/91—Mounting on supporting structures or systems on a stationary structure
    • F05B2240/912—Mounting on supporting structures or systems on a stationary structure on a tower
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/728—Onshore wind turbines
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

Definitions

  • This invention relates to the construction, maintenance and decommissioning of wind turbines, and in particular, the design, construction and / or modification of wind turbine towers to accommodate increased sizes and weights of components of wind turbines.
  • a typical wind turbine comprises a tower having a nacelle at its upper end.
  • the nacelle at least typically houses bearings, gearing, an electrical generator, and control systems.
  • Connected to the gearing is a rotor that carries a plurality of rotor blades (typically three).
  • the nacelle is able to rotate relative to the tower so that the blades are directed towards the wind (i.e. so that the plane in which they rotate is perpendicular to the wind direction).
  • the tower is typically hollow and has a longitudinal axis extending between the base of the tower to the top of the tower. In a plane substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the tower, the cross-section of the tower is typically substantially circular.
  • the tower may have a constantly dimensioned cross-section along its length or may taper from a larger dimensioned cross-section at the base of the tower to a smaller dimensioned cross-section at the top of the tower. In such circumstances the tower is a truncated cone.
  • the tower is typically constructed from a number of pre-fabricated units which, when joined end to end, form the tower.
  • the nacelle is attached to the top of the tower and the elements of the wind turbine housed in the nacelle installed therein. The rotor and the blades of the turbine are then attached.
  • Wind turbines may be located on land or offshore. Over recent years there has been increasing interest in offshore wind turbines. These have significant advantages over land-based turbines. Generally the wind is stronger and more reliable offshore (in this regard it is relevant that the power obtainable is proportional to the cube of the wind speed), there may be fewer environmental and aesthetic objections (particularly when they are located some distance offshore), and the scale of the wind turbines may be larger. However, locating wind turbines offshore provides additional challenges in relation to construction, maintenance and decommissioning, and these challenges further increase with the larger scale of larger wind turbines.
  • Offshore wind turbines whether floating or anchored, pose additional difficulties in construction, maintenance and decommissioning because any floating structures are mobile to some extent on their moorings.
  • a wind turbine comprising a foundation, a tower, a nacelle, a rotor and one or more blades in which the tower has a longitudinal central axis, a base, and a top, in which the base is closer to the surface of the earth than the top when the wind turbine is in use, the tower has an outer face and an inner face, the tower includes first and second human access ports between the outside and inside of the tower, the first human access port is located at or adjacent to the top of the tower, the second human access port is located at a longitudinal position along the tower that is accessible from the surface of the environment in which the tower is located, the inner face defines a longitudinally extending void which extends at least between the first and second human access ports, the longitudinally extending void is dimensioned to allow a mechanical lifting means configured to lift at least one human to operate at least between the first and second human access ports, and the tower is provided with one or more strengthening means adapted to temporarily support one or more items of construction or maintenance equipment
  • the use of the strengthening means in the structure of the wind turbine tower has the benefit that the fabric of the tower is adapted so that anticipated or measured localised zones of stress or strain are strengthened by the strengthening means so that the maximum stresses or strains that can be safely experienced by those zones is increased to exceed the anticipated or measured forces.
  • This has the benefit that stresses or strains of magnitudes which could cause damage to the towers of known wind turbines can be safely experienced by wind turbines according to the present invention.
  • the tower of a wind turbine is able to safely support construction or maintenance equipment, for example lifting equipment, and loads generated by the operation of that equipment, for example the loading of the equipment and whatever that equipment is lifting, without damage to the tower.
  • equipment may be used for lifting heavy items such as the nacelle, gearbox, generator, rotor or the blades for the wind turbine from adjacent the base of the tower into position or the reverse.
  • the ability to lift such heavy items using a lifting means supported on the tower of the wind turbine has the significant advantage that it is no longer necessary to use stand-alone cranes with ability to lift the necessary loads the height of the tower whenever heavy construction or maintenance work needs to occur in connection with a wind turbine. It also has the advantage that as wind turbines, and in particular offshore wind turbines increase in size, in particular tower height, it is not necessary to develop ever taller cranes.
  • a feature of all of the strengthening elements of the present invention is that in themselves they contribute very little to the wind resistance of the tower.
  • the percentage difference between the calculated wind resistance of the tower with the strengthening means relative to the calculated wind resistance of the same tower without the strengthening means is less than 5%, less than 4%, less than 2%, less than 1 %, or less than 0.5% of the wind resistance of the same tower without the strengthening elements.
  • the wind resistance can be calculated using known design techniques.
  • the very small additional wind resistance of the strengthening means is advantageous because when the strengthening means are not being used in association with supporting construction or maintenance equipment, that is the construction or maintenance equipment has been removed from the tower, there is very little extra wind resistance and hence wind loading as a result of the strengthening means. This is beneficial because it means that the original design of the tower as a whole will remain valid and the tower as a whole will be able to continue to withstand the winds it was designed to withstand.
  • the tower may be of a substantially circular cross-section in a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal central axis. In other embodiments of the present invention the tower may have alternative cross-sections.
  • the tower may have the shape of a truncated hollow cone or other truncated hollow frustum with a diameter or other dimension that is greater at the base of the tower than at the top of the tower.
  • At least one load shelf may be located on the outside face of the tower. At least one load shelf may comprise at least one load surface extending outwardly from the outside face of the tower, in which the at least one load shelf is adapted to transmit a load force applied to the load surface into the structure or fabric of the tower at or in the region of the longitudinal position on the tower of the load shelf.
  • the load force may be the weight of the construction or maintenance equipment supported by the load shelf. Alternatively, the load force can be the combined weight of the construction or maintenance equipment and, for example, a load being lifted by that construction or maintenance equipment.
  • the at least one load surface may extend around the whole perimeter of the tower.
  • the at least one load surface may extend around only a portion of the perimeter of the tower. That portion of the perimeter may be a continuous portion or a discontinuous portion made up of a number of sub-portions ln some examples of the present invention where the at least one load surface extends around only a portion of the tower, the at least one load surface comprises a plurality of load sub-surfaces all of which are located at substantially the same longitudinal position on the tower and which are spaced from each other around at least a portion of the perimeter of the tower.
  • the load sub-surfaces may be evenly distributed around the perimeter or a portion of the perimeter of the tower.
  • the gaps between the load sub-surfaces may be used to index the position of the lifting means or other equipment and / or hold the lifting means or other equipment in a fixed position on the perimeter of the tower.
  • the included angle between the central axis of the tower and the at least one load surface in the radial direction from the central axis of the tower may be around 90 degrees. This has the effect that when the wind turbine is in use, or once the tower has been erected in the process of readying the wind turbine for use, the load surface is substantially horizontal. The load surface may, in such circumstances, face away from the tower base / upwards.
  • the included angle between the central axis of the tower and at least one load surface in the radial direction from the central axis of the tower may be one of between 10 and 90 degrees, between 20 and 90 degrees, between 30 and 90 degrees, between 40 and 90 degrees, between 50 and 90 degrees, between 60 and 90 degrees, between 70 and 90 degrees, between 80 and 90 degrees, and between 85 and 90 degrees.
  • the load surface may face away from the tower base / upwards (when the wind turbine is in use, or once the tower has been erected in the process of readying the wind turbine for use).
  • At least one load shelf may comprise at least one second face.
  • each second face is associated with a load surface, each second face is substantially parallel to the load surface with which it is associated, and each second face is closer to the base of the tower than the load surface with which it is associated.
  • each second face is associated with a load surface, each second face is not parallel to the load surface with which it is associated, and each second face is closer to the base of the tower than the load surface with which it is associated.
  • At least one load shelf may further comprise one or more stiffening plates, each stiffening plate may extend between a second face of the load shelf and the outside face of the tower, and each stiffening plate may extend longitudinally along a portion of the outside face of the tower.
  • This configuration of the load shelf is advantageous because the flanges help to prevent the deformation of the load shelf when under load. In particular, they support the load face and transmit the load forces into the structure of the tower.
  • At least one load shelf may have a cross-section in a radial direction from the central axis of the tower that has an outer perimeter which is substantially triangular in shape.
  • this configuration of the load shelf is advantageous because the flanges help to prevent the deformation of the load shelf when under load. In particular, they support the load face and transmit the load forces into the structure of the tower.
  • At least one load shelf may be fabricated separately from the walls of the tower and subsequently fixed to the tower.
  • At least one load shelf may also include at least one base plate.
  • Each base plate may have a first and a second face with the first face of each base plate being configured and contoured to overlie a portion of the outside face of the tower, and the load surface may extend from the second face of the base plate.
  • the first face of the base plate may closely overlie a portion of the outer face of the tower. In this context, it is to be understood that closely overlying means that the whole or at least 80% of the whole of the first face is in contact with the outside face of the tower.
  • At least one load shelf may further comprise a base plate where the base plate is configured to surround and be in contact with a longitudinally extending portion of the outside face of the tower.
  • the base plate may be dimensioned so that it surrounds and is in contact with a longitudinally extending portion of the outside face of the tower at a predetermined longitudinal position on the tower. That is the base plate has the form of a sleeve with the first face of the base plate defining the same shape (in a plane perpendicular to the central axis of the tower) as the cross section of the tower for the longitudinal portion of the tower overlaid by the sleeve.
  • the sleeve may have a number of reinforcement straps, ribs or other reinforcing structures attached to the second face of the base plate to decrease the likelihood of the base plate deforming.
  • Those straps, ribs or other reinforcing structures may be substantially parallel to the surface of the tower radially inwardly of the straps, ribs or other reinforcing structures.
  • the base plate may have the same dimensions in the longitudinal direction of the tower as the load shelf.
  • the base plate may have a greater dimension in the longitudinal direction of the tower than the load shelf.
  • the edge of the base plate nearest the top of the tower may be substantially the same distance from the top of the tower as the distance between the top of the tower and the intersection of the load surface and the base plate.
  • the tower decreases in external dimensions in the plane perpendicular to the central axis from a larger dimension at the base of the tower to a smaller dimension at the top of the tower.
  • at least one load shelf is configured to surround and be in contact with a longitudinally extending portion of the outside face of the tower, the base plate is dimensioned so that it surrounds and is in contact with that longitudinally extending portion of the outside face of the tower at a predetermined longitudinal position on the tower.
  • At least one load shelf may further comprise a pressure transmitting filler between the base plate and the portion of the tower.
  • the filler will maximise the contact between the load shelf and the outside face of the tower and thus the area over which forces transmitted from the load shelf into the tower.
  • the filler will also accommodate any irregularities in the surface of the tower. Such irregularities may be the result of the method of construction of the tower, for example the heads of fixing means such a rivets, bolts or other fixing means including a helical thread, or damage to the tower.
  • the filler may be put in place as a paste or highly viscous fluid and subsequently allowed to harden.
  • the filler may also have adhesive properties.
  • the load shelf may be fixed to the tower by one or more of welding, an adhesive, a number of fixings comprising a helical thread, or a number of rivets.
  • the tower of the wind turbine of the present invention may comprise one or more tower walls each with an outside and an inside face.
  • At least one tower wall thickening may comprise at least one thickening plate.
  • Each thickening plate may be configured to conform to the surface contours of the tower at a location where the wall of the tower is to be thickened, and each thickening plate is fixed to a tower wall.
  • the fixing of thickening plates to a tower wall has the benefit that the portion of the wall to which the or each plate is fixed will have greater resistance to damage as a result of stresses and strains experienced by that portion of wall relative to unthickened portions of tower wall.
  • At least one thickening plate may be fixed to an outside face of the tower. Alternatively or additionally, at least one thickening plate may be fixed to an inside face of the tower.
  • At least one thickening plate may have a first and second face.
  • the first face may be adapted to overlie a portion of a face of the tower, the second face may be adapted to face away from the overlaid face of the tower.
  • the first face of the plate may be smooth, and the second face of the plate may be smooth or may comprise a number of ribs or other stiffening features.
  • the ribs or other stiffening features will increase the stiffness of the thickening plates.
  • At least one thickening plate may define a number of apertures, and those apertures may extend through the plate from one face to the other. Such a plate may provide the required level of increase in resistance to stress and strain in a tower wall to which it is attached whilst, at the same time, minimising the mass of the thickening plates. At least one thickening plate may be fixed to a face of the tower at approximately the same longitudinal position on the tower as a load shelf of the present invention. Alternatively or additionally at least one thickening plate may be fixed to a face of the tower at a position longitudinally adjacent to a load shelf.
  • At least one thickening plate may further comprise a pressure transmitting filler between the base plate and the portion of the tower.
  • the filler will maximise the contact between the thickening plate and the face of the tower and thus the transmission of force between the structure of the tower and the thickening plate.
  • the filler will also accommodate any irregularities in the surface of the tower. Such irregularities may be the result of the method of construction of the tower, for example the heads of fixing means such a rivets, bolts or other fixing means including a helical thread, or damage to the tower.
  • the filler may be put in place as a paste or highly viscous fluid and subsequently allowed to harden.
  • the filler may also have adhesive properties.
  • At least one tower internal reinforcement element may comprise one or more stiffening elements.
  • At least one stiffening element may be a plate, and the plate may be fixed to the inner face of one or more of the walls of the tower along at least one edge of the plate. The fixing of a plate to the inside face of one or more of the walls of the tower with the plate extending between a plurality of positions on the inside face of one or more walls has the benefit of increasing the stiffness of the tower and increasing the resistance to damage to the fabric of the tower as a result of high levels of stress or strain in the fabric of the tower close to the plate.
  • At least one stiffening element may be a rib, and the rib may be fixed to the inner face of one or more of the walls of the tower.
  • At least one stiffening element may be a rod or a beam.
  • the rod or beam may have a first and second end, and the first and second ends may be directly or indirectly fixed to the inner face of a tower wall at first and second positions respectively.
  • at least one tower internal reinforcement element may be comprised of two or more stiffening elements, each stiffening element may be a rod or a beam, and each rod or beam may form part of a lattice of rods and / or beams.
  • the rods and the beams in the lattice may be fixed to each other to increase the rigidity of the lattice.
  • not all of the rods or beams in the lattice are fixed to a tower wall. None of the rods or beams are so located that they extend far enough from the inside face of the tower wall to obstruct the mechanical means for lifting at least one human up and down the void defined by the inside face of the tower wall.
  • the lattice may, again, increase the stiffness of the tower in the region of the lattice giving the same benefits as previously discussed for increasing the stiffness of the tower.
  • At least one stiffening element may be fixed to the tower at a longitudinal position on the tower at approximately the same longitudinal position on the tower as a load shelf. Alternatively or additionally, at least one stiffening element may be fixed to a surface of the tower at a position longitudinally adjacent to a load shelf.
  • One or more of at least a portion of the tower, at least one load shelf, at least one tower wall thickening, and at least one tower internal reinforcement element may comprise a material selected to provide a resistance to loading that exceeds the resistance to loading of the material or materials from which the tower or the rest of the tower is comprised.
  • the selected material may be a composite material.
  • the composite material may be a composite of two or more metals, a fibre composite, a carbon and or aramid fibre composite, or another known composite with appropriate structural characteristics.
  • the wind turbine of the present invention may be an offshore wind turbine.
  • the foundation of an offshore wind turbine is, for the purposes of the present invention the portion of the wind turbine that is below the water.
  • the tower includes first and second human access ports between the outside and inside of the tower, the first human access port is located at or adjacent to the top of the tower, the second human access port is located at a longitudinal position along the tower that is accessible from the surface of the environment in which the tower is located, the inner face defines a longitudinally extending void which extends at least between the first and second human access ports, the longitudinally extending void is dimensioned to allow a mechanical lifting means configured to lift at least one human to operate at least between the first and second human access ports, construction of the tower includes the attachment of strengthening means to the tower in a position in which they will transfer loading forces generated by the lifting means into the structure of the tower or assist in diffusing the transferred loading forces within the structure of the tower with the result that there is no accumulation of stresses or strains of within the structure of the tower of sufficient
  • the method may include a tower which comprises at least one load shelf, and the load shelf supports a lifting means.
  • the method may include a tower which comprises at least two load shelfs, further comprises the steps of
  • steps (i) and (ii) are repeated until the lifting means closest to the top of the tower is sufficiently close to the top of the tower that that lifting means can perform the lifting for steps (b) to (e) of the second aspect of the present invention.
  • the method may include a tower which may comprise at least two load shelfs, further comprising the steps of (i) a first lifting means lifting a second lifting means onto a load shelf which is between the first lifting means and the top of the tower and the second lifting means is supported on that load shelf,
  • steps (i) and (ii) are repeated until the lifting means closest to the top of the tower is sufficiently close to the top of the tower that that it may lift a third lifting means from the base of the tower onto an uppermost load shelf, and
  • the third lifting means performs the lifting for steps (b) to (e) of the second aspect of the present invention.
  • each of the first and second lifting means may have a maximum lifting height
  • the load shelves are longitudinally spaced along the tower at a distance equal to or less than maximum lifting height of the first and second lifting means.
  • a method of maintaining a wind turbine comprising the step of locating a lifting means in a position at or near the top of the tower from which the lifting means can perform the lifting necessary to perform the maintenance, in which the one or more of at least one load shelf, at least one tower wall thickening, at least one tower internal reinforcement element, and at least one specified material selection are so located that they transfer loading forces generated by the lifting means into the structure of the tower and / or assist in diffusing the transferred loading forces within the structure of the tower to avoid the concentration of stresses or strains within the structure of the tower of sufficient magnitude to damage the tower.
  • Figure 1 shows a schematic view of an offshore floating wind turbine
  • Figure 2 shows a schematic view of an onshore wind turbine
  • Figure 3 shows a perspective view of a first embodiment of a load shelf of the present invention when viewed from the side and above;
  • Figure 4 shows a sectional view AA of the load shelf of Figure 3
  • Figure 5 shows a perspective view of the load shelf of Figure 3 when viewed from the side and below;
  • Figure 6 shows a perspective view of a second embodiment of a load shelf of the present invention when viewed from the side and above;
  • Figure 7 shows a sectional view AA of the load shelf of Figure 6;
  • Figure 8 shows a perspective view of the load shelf of Figure 6 when viewed from the side and below;
  • Figure 9 shows a perspective view of a third embodiment of a load shelf of the present invention when viewed from the side and above;
  • Figure 10 shows a sectional view AA of the load shelf of Figure 9;
  • Figure 11 shows a perspective view of the load shelf of Figure 9 when viewed from the side and below;
  • Figure 12 shows a sectional view of a first embodiment of a tower wall thickening according to the present invention
  • Figure 13 shows a second embodiment of a tower wall thickening according to the present invention.
  • Figure 14 shows an embodiment of a tower internal reinforcement according to the present invention.
  • an offshore wind turbine 2 floats in water 4 with a buoyant foundation 6 beneath the surface 8 of the water, and a tower 10 above the surface of the water.
  • the buoyant foundation 6 is anchored to the seabed or earth 14 by known anchor means (not shown).
  • the interface between the buoyant foundation 6 and the tower 10 may be referenced as the base of the tower 10.
  • the tower 10 has a top which is, when the wind turbine 2 is in use, the vertically uppermost part of the tower.
  • the tower 10 is substantially circular in cross-section for all or at least a portion of its length.
  • the tower 10 also tapers from a larger circumference at its base or a position between the base and the top of the tower 10 to a smaller circumference at the top of the tower 10.
  • the tower 10 defines a void defined by the inside face of the wall that forms the tower 10.
  • the void extends between the base and the top of the tower.
  • the tower 10 is so dimensioned that a mechanical lifting means for at least one human, for example a lift, may travel between the base and the top of the tower 10.
  • the tower 10 is further provided with first and second human access ports (not shown) in the form of doors through the wall of the tower 10 through which, from the outside of the tower 10, a human may access the mechanical lifting means.
  • the first access port is adjacent to the top of the tower and will allow a human to access the nacelle 12 from within the tower 10 when the nacelle 12 is in position at the top of tower 10.
  • the second access port is located in a position that is accessible from the surface of the water 8 or from a vessel floating on the surface of the water 8.
  • the second access port may be located sufficiently far above the surface of the water 8 that it is not anticipated that the access port will not be struck by waves. In some bodies of water this may be 5 m or more above the average level of the surface of the water 8.
  • a nacelle 12 which houses at least an electrical generator (not shown) and, optionally, a gearbox (not shown).
  • a gearbox Extending from the nacelle 12 is a rotor 16 to which three blades 18 (only two blades are visible in Figure 1) are attached.
  • the rotor 16 may be connected the mechanical input of the gearbox where a gearbox is present, and the mechanical output of the gearbox is connected to the electrical generator with the result that rotation of the rotor 16 as a result of wind acting on the blades 18 causes the generation of electricity.
  • the rotor 16 is connected to the electrical generator with the same result.
  • an onshore wind turbine 20 has a foundation 22 beneath the surface of the earth 14, and a tower 10 above the surface of the earth 14.
  • the interface between the foundation 22 and the tower 10 may be referenced as the base of the tower 10.
  • the tower 10 has a top which is, when the wind turbine 20 is in use, the vertically uppermost part of the tower.
  • the tower 10 is substantially circular in cross-section for all or at least a portion of its length.
  • the tower 10 also tapers from a larger circumference at the base of the tower 10 or a position between the base and the top of the tower 10 to a smaller circumference at the top of the tower 10.
  • the tower 10 defines a void defined by the inside face of the wall that forms the tower 10.
  • the void extends between the base and the top of the tower.
  • the tower 10 is so dimensioned that a mechanical lifting means for at least one human, for example a lift, may travel between the base and the top of the tower 10.
  • the tower 10 is further provided with first and second human access ports (not shown) in the form of doors through the wall of the tower 10 through which, from the outside of the tower 10, a human may access the mechanical lifting means.
  • the first access port is adjacent to the top of the tower and will allow a human to access the nacelle 12 from within the tower 10 when the nacelle 12 is in position at the top of tower 10.
  • the second access port is located in a position that is accessible from the surface of the earth 14.
  • a nacelle 12 which houses at least an electrical generator (not shown) and, optionally, a gearbox (not shown).
  • a gearbox Extending from the nacelle 12 is a rotor 16 to which three blades 18 (only two blades are visible in Figure 1) are attached.
  • the rotor 16 may be connected the mechanical input of the gearbox and the mechanical output of the gearbox is connected to the electrical generator with the result that rotation of the rotor 16 as a result of wind acting on the blades 18 causes the generation of electricity.
  • the rotor 16 is connected to the electrical generator with the same result.
  • a load shelf 24 comprises an annular disc with an inner face defining a diameter 26, a load surface 28 and a second surface 30.
  • the load shelf extends fully around the tower 10 at a predetermined longitudinal position along the length of the tower and extends outwards from the tower wall.
  • the predetermined position of the load shelf 24 can be referenced relative to the top or base of the tower 10.
  • the inner diameter 26 of the load shelf 24 is such that the inner face is in close contact with the outer surface of the tower 10 at the predetermined position.
  • the inner face may define a truncated conical surface dimensioned to mirror the taper of the tower at the predetermined longitudinal position.
  • the inner face is, in some examples, sufficiently accurately formed that the load shelf 24 cannot move any further towards the base of the tower 10 than the predetermined position because the inner face interferes with the surface of the tower 10.
  • a plastic or liquid filler that will set to a non-plastic solid can be introduced between the inner face and the tower 10 to fix the longitudinal position of the load shelf 24 relative to the tower 10 and to ensure continuous contact between the inner face and the tower 10.
  • the load surface 28 is flat, extends in a plane that is approximately perpendicular to the central axis C of the tower 10, and faces towards the top of the tower 10.
  • the load surface may be adapted to have construction or maintenance equipment such as a lifting means mounted onto or resting on that load surface.
  • the load surface 28 can be at other angles to the central axis C of the tower 10.
  • the second surface 30 of the load shelf 24 is flat and substantially parallel to the load surface 28.
  • the load surface 28 and second surface 30 can be non- parallel.
  • the distance between the load surface 28 and second surface 30 is greatest adjacent the tower 10 and decreases as the distance from the tower 10 increases.
  • a load shelf 32 comprises an annular disc 34 and a number of stiffening flanges 36.
  • the annular disc 34 has an inner face defining a diameter 26, a load surface 28 and a second surface 30.
  • the annular disc 34 extends fully around the tower 10 at a predetermined longitudinal position along the length of the tower. The determined position of the annular disc 34 can be referenced relative to the top or base of the tower 10.
  • the inner face of the annular disc 34 is so dimensioned that the inner face is in close contact with the outer surface of the tower 10 at the predetermined position.
  • the inner face may define a truncated conical surface to mirror the taper of the tower at the predetermined longitudinal position.
  • the inner face is, in some examples, sufficiently accurately formed that the load shelf 32 cannot move any further towards the base of the tower 10 than the predetermined position because the inner face interferes with the tower 10.
  • the load surface 28 is flat, extends in a plane that is approximately perpendicular to the central axis C of the tower 10, and faces towards the top of the tower 10.
  • the load surface may be adapted to have a lifting means or other apparatus mounted onto or resting on that surface.
  • the load surface 28 can be at other angles to the central axis C of the tower 10.
  • the second surface 30 of the load shelf 24 is flat and substantially parallel to the first load surface 28.
  • the first load surface 28 and second surface 30 can be non- parallel.
  • the distance between the first load surface 28 and second surface 30 is greatest adjacent the tower 10 and decreases as the distance from the tower 10 increases.
  • Extending between the second surface 30 and the face of the tower 10 are a number of stiffening flanges 36. There are four stiffening flanges 36 in the embodiment illustrated in Figures 6 to 8 (one is not visible behind the tower 10), other embodiments may have different numbers of stiffening flanges 36.
  • the stiffening flanges 36 increase the stiffness of the annular disc 34 and help spread any forces applied to the annular disc 34 over a larger surface area of the tower 10 than the load shelf 24 of Figures 3 to 5. This has the result of reducing the risk that those forces will cause damage to the tower 10.
  • the inner face of the annular disc and the portion of the stiffening flanges 36 that are adjacent to the tower 10 may be in direct contact with the surface of the tower 10 or a plastic or liquid filler that will set to a non-plastic solid can be introduced between stiffening flanges 36 and the tower 10 to fix the position of the load shelf 32 relative to the tower 10 and to ensure continuous contact between the surface of the inner face of the annular disc and the stiffening flanges 36 closest to the tower and the tower.
  • the filler may also be an adhesive.
  • a load shelf 38 comprises an annular disc 40, a base plate 42, and a number of stiffening flanges 44.
  • the base plate 42 has the form of a cylindrical or hollow truncated sleeve with an inner face that defines a diameter 26 at the portion of the base plate 42 closest to the base of the tower 10 or, in alternative embodiments, for the longitudinal extent of the base plate in the direction of central axis C. Where the sleeve is a hollow truncated cone the end of the sleeve closest to the top of the tower will define a diameter that is smaller than the diameter 26.
  • the annular disc 40 extends from the face of the base plate 42 facing away from the tower 10, and has a load surface 28 and a second surface 30.
  • the annular disc 40 extends fully around the tower 10 at a predetermined longitudinal position along the length of the tower. The determined position of the annular disc 40 can be referenced relative to the top or base of the tower 10.
  • the inner face of the base plate 42 is such that the inner face is in close contact with the outer surface of the tower 10 at the predetermined position.
  • the inner face of the base plate is, in some examples, sufficiently accurately formed that the load shelf 38 cannot move any further towards the base of the tower 10 than the predetermined position because the inner face of the base plate interferes with the wall of the tower 10.
  • a plastic or liquid filler that will set to a non plastic solid can be introduced between the base plate 42 and the tower 10 to fix the position of the load shelf 38 relative to the tower 10 and to ensure continuous contact between the surface that defines the inner diameter 26 and the tower 10.
  • the filler may also be an adhesive.
  • the load surface 28 is flat, extends in a plane that is approximately perpendicular to the central axis C of the tower 10, and faces towards the top of the tower 10.
  • the load surface may be adapted to have a lifting means or other apparatus mounted onto or resting on that surface.
  • the load surface 28 can be at other angles to the central axis C of the tower 10.
  • the second surface 30 of the annular disc 40 is flat and substantially parallel to the load surface 28.
  • the first load surface 28 and second surface 30 can be non-parallel.
  • the distance between the load surface 28 and second surface 30 is greatest adjacent the tower 10 and decreases as the distance from the tower 10 increases.
  • stiffening flanges 44 Extending between the second surface 30 and the face of the base plate 42 facing away from the tower 10 are a number of stiffening flanges 44. There are four stiffening flanges 44 in the embodiment illustrated in Figures 9 to 11 (one is not visible behind the tower 10), other embodiments may have different numbers of stiffening flanges 44.
  • the stiffening flanges 44 increase the stiffness of the annular disc 34 and help spread any forces applied to the annular disc 40 to the base plate 42.
  • the base plate 42 spreads those forces over a larger surface area of the tower 10 than the load shelfs 24 or 32 of Figures 3 to 5 and 6 to 8. This has the result of reducing the risk that those forces will cause damage to the tower 10.
  • the tower 10 comprises a tower wall 46 with an inside face 48 and an outside face 50.
  • the tower wall 46 has the form of a hollow truncated cone with the greater diameter of the cone being greatest at the base of the tower 10.
  • Fixed to the inside face 48 of the tower wall 46 is a thickening plate 52.
  • the thickening plate 52 has the form of a truncated cone and is coaxial with the longitudinal axis C (not shown in Figure 12) of the tower 10.
  • the thickening plate 52 is so dimensioned that the outside diameter of the thickening plate 52 matches the diameter of the inside face 48 at the longitudinal position along the tower 10 to which it is desired to attach or fix the thickening plate 52.
  • the thickening plate 52 is fixed to the inside face 48 of the tower wall 46 by a known force transmitting /fixing means.
  • a non-exhaustive list of possible fixing means includes welding, an adhesive, a number of nuts and bolts, or a number of rivets.
  • the filler may also be an adhesive.
  • the diametrically inside face of the thickening plate 52 may be smooth or incorporate one or more ridges or other features that enhance the stiffness of the thickening plate 52.
  • the thickening plate 52 is longitudinally positioned on the tower 10 at a position that corresponds to the longitudinal position of a load shelf 24. As a result, the thickening plate 52 helps spread any forces applied to the tower wall 46 by the load shelf 24 over a larger surface area than the contact area between the load shelf 24 and the tower 10.
  • More than one thickening plate 52 may be fixed to the tower 10 and each thickening plate 52 may be fixed to the tower 10 at the same longitudinal position as a load shelf 24 (as shown in Figure 12), or alternatively in a position longitudinally adjacent to a load shelf 24, or spaced from a load shelf 24.
  • Load shelves 32 or 38 could be substituted for load shelf 24 and the same benefits would be achieved.
  • the tower 10 comprises a tower wall 46 with an inside face 48 and an outside face 50.
  • the tower wall 46 has the form of a hollow truncated cone with the greater diameter of the cone being greatest at the base of the tower 10.
  • Fixed to the outside face 48 of the tower wall 46 is a thickening plate 54.
  • the thickening plate 54 has the form of a truncated cone and is coaxial with the longitudinal axis C (not shown in Figure 13) of the tower 10.
  • the thickening plate 54 is dimensioned such that the inside diameter of the thickening plate 54 matches the diameter of the outside face 50 at the longitudinal position along the tower 10 to which it is desired to attach or fix the thickening plate 54.
  • the thickening plate 54 is fixed to the outside face 50 of the tower wall 46 by a known force transmitting / fixing means.
  • a non-exhaustive list of possible fixing means includes welding, an adhesive, a number of nuts and bolts, or a number of rivets.
  • the filler may be an adhesive.
  • the diametrically outside face of the thickening plate 54 may be smooth or incorporate one or more ridges or other features that enhance the stiffness of the thickening plate 54. Such ridges or other features may be present on all or only a portion of the diametrically outside face of the thickening plate 54.
  • the thickening plate 54 is longitudinally positioned on the tower 10 at a position that corresponds to the longitudinal position of a load shelf 24 (shown in dashed lines in Figure 13 for clarity) and the load shelf 24 is fixed to the diametrically outside face of the thickening plate 54. As a result, the thickening plate 54 helps spread any forces applied to the thickening plate 54 from the load shelf 24 before those forces are transmitted to the tower wall 46 by the thickening plate 54.
  • More than one thickening plate 54 may be fixed to the tower 10 and each thickening plate 54 may be fixed to the tower 10 at the same longitudinal position as a load shelf 24 (as shown in Figure 13), or alternatively in a position longitudinally adjacent to a load shelf 24, or spaced from a load shelf 24.
  • Load shelves 32 or 38 could be substituted for load shelf 24 and the same benefits would be achieved.
  • the tower 10 comprises a tower wall 46 with an inside face 48 and an outside face 50.
  • the tower wall 46 has the form of a hollow truncated cone with the internal diameter of the hollow cone being greatest at the base of the tower 10.
  • Extending between four positions on the inside face 48 of the tower 10 is a tower internal reinforcement element 62.
  • the tower internal reinforcement element 62 comprises four beams 56, four ties 58, and four mount elements 60.
  • Each beam 56 extends between two mount elements 60 and each end of each beam is fixed to a mount element 60, Two beams 56 are fixed to each mount element 60.
  • the mount elements 60 are fixed to the inside face 48 of the tower wall 46 and are circumferentially spaced from each other by around 90 degrees.
  • each beam 56 Fixed to the approximate middle of each beam 56 is a tie 58.
  • Each tie extends between the beam 56 to which it is fixed and the inside face of the wall 48.
  • the ties are fixed to the inside wall 48 of the tower wall 46 at a position circumferentially spaced by about 45 degrees from the two mount elements 60 which are fixed to the beam 56 to which the tie is fixed. This has the result that the tower internal reinforcement element 62 is fixed to the inside face 48 of the tower wall 46 circumferentially every 45 degrees. This increases the stiffness of the tower wall 46 in the region of the tower internal reinforcement element 62.
  • the tower internal reinforcement element 62 does not, however, prevent passage up and down the tower by a mechanical lifting means for a at least one human (not shown) because the tower internal reinforcement element 62 leaves a clear space between the beams 56 which does not obstruct the mechanical lifting means.
  • More than one tower internal reinforcement element 62 may be fixed to the tower 10 and each tower internal reinforcement element 62 may be fixed to the tower 10 at the same longitudinal position as a load shelf 24 (not shown in Figure 14), in a position longitudinally adjacent to a load shelf 24, or spaced from a load shelf 24.
  • Load shelves 32 or 38 could be substituted for load shelf 24 and the same benefits would be achieved.
  • One or more of a portion of the tower wall 46, the load shelves 24, 32, 38, thickening plates 52, 54, and tower internal reinforcement element 62 may be comprised of a material or a combination of materials that alone or in combination are selected to provide a resistance to loading that exceeds the resistance to loading of the material or materials from which the tower wall or the rest of the tower wall is comprised.
  • the selected material may be a composite material.
  • the composite material may be a composite of two or more metals, a fibre composite, a carbon and or aramid fibre composite, or another known composite with appropriate structural characteristics.
  • a feature of all of the strengthening means of the present invention is that in themselves they contribute very little to the wind resistance of the tower.
  • the percentage difference between the calculated wind resistance of the tower with the strengthening means relative to the calculated wind resistance of the same tower without the strengthening means is less than 5%, less than 4%, less than 2%, less than 1%, or less than 0.5% of the wind resistance of the same tower without the strengthening means.
  • the wind resistance can be calculated using known design techniques.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
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  • Wind Motors (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une éolienne (2) comprenant une fondation (6), une tour (10), une nacelle (12), un rotor (16) et un certain nombre de pales (18), la tour présentant un axe central longitudinal, une base et une partie supérieure, la base étant plus proche de la surface de la terre que la partie supérieure lorsque l'éolienne est en fonctionnement. La tour comprend une face externe (50) et une face interne (48). La tour (10) comprend des première et seconde ouvertures d'accès humain entre l'extérieur et l'intérieur de la tour (10). La première ouverture d'accès humain est située au niveau ou à proximité de la partie supérieure de la tour (10), la seconde ouverture d'accès humain est située à une position longitudinale le long de la tour (10) qui est accessible depuis la surface de l'environnement dans lequel la tour est située. La face interne (48) définit un vide s'étendant longitudinalement au moins entre les première et seconde ouvertures d'accès humain. Le vide s'étendant longitudinalement est dimensionné pour permettre à un moyen de levage mécanique conçu pour soulever au moins un être humain de fonctionner au moins entre les première et seconde ouvertures d'accès humain. La tour (10) est pourvue d'un ou de plusieurs moyens de renforcement conçus pour supporter temporairement un ou plusieurs éléments de construction ou d'équipement de maintenance. Les moyens de renforcement n'empêchent pas le fonctionnement du moyen de levage mécanique configuré pour soulever au moins un être humain, et dans lequel chaque moyen de renforcement est un parmi une étagère de charge qui s'étend vers l'extérieur à partir de la paroi de tour, un élément d'épaississement de paroi de tour, un élément de renforcement interne de tour, ou une sélection d'un matériau spécifié destiné à être utilisé dans la construction de la paroi de tour.
PCT/NO2021/050168 2020-07-20 2021-07-15 Construction de tours d'éolienne pour des opérations de levage lourdes WO2022019771A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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GB2011203.3 2020-07-20
GB2011203.3A GB2597329A (en) 2020-07-20 2020-07-20 Construction of wind turbine towers for heavy maintenance lifting operations

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WO2022019771A1 true WO2022019771A1 (fr) 2022-01-27

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EP2586933A1 (fr) * 2011-10-24 2013-05-01 Areva Wind GmbH Plateforme de travail pour installation d'éolienne en mer et son procédé de fabrication
WO2014150950A2 (fr) * 2013-03-15 2014-09-25 Chin Howard M Système de maintenance tous-temps pour un programme de maintenance de turbine éolienne en mer
KR101677673B1 (ko) * 2016-05-11 2016-11-18 대림산업 주식회사 풍력발전타워로 사용될 수 있는 지주 구조물, 내부 결합띠를 구비한 수평분할체의 일체 결합에 의한 지주 구조물의 시공방법, 및 이를 위한 내부 결합띠 구비형 수평분할체
KR20190049151A (ko) * 2017-11-01 2019-05-09 주식회사 클라썸테크 콘크리트 구조물의 강선 하중 분산 및 횡하중 지지력 증대장치

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KR101337646B1 (ko) * 2011-07-08 2013-12-05 삼성중공업 주식회사 해상 풍력 발전기, 해상 풍력 발전기 이송용 리프팅 지그 및 이를 이용한 해상 풍력 발전기 설치 방법 및 시스템
EP2551233A1 (fr) * 2011-07-28 2013-01-30 Gamesa Innovation & Technology, S.L. Grue et système de commande de grue
JP6285546B2 (ja) * 2013-07-08 2018-02-28 ファウ・エス・エル・インターナツイオナール・アクチエンゲゼルシヤフト 積荷を持ち上げるためのアセンブリ及び方法
EP3263891B1 (fr) * 2016-07-01 2019-04-24 VSL International AG Procédé de montage d'une éolienne sur une tour

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EP2586933A1 (fr) * 2011-10-24 2013-05-01 Areva Wind GmbH Plateforme de travail pour installation d'éolienne en mer et son procédé de fabrication
CN102493925A (zh) * 2011-12-12 2012-06-13 广东明阳风电产业集团有限公司 用于风机的塔筒结构
WO2014150950A2 (fr) * 2013-03-15 2014-09-25 Chin Howard M Système de maintenance tous-temps pour un programme de maintenance de turbine éolienne en mer
KR101677673B1 (ko) * 2016-05-11 2016-11-18 대림산업 주식회사 풍력발전타워로 사용될 수 있는 지주 구조물, 내부 결합띠를 구비한 수평분할체의 일체 결합에 의한 지주 구조물의 시공방법, 및 이를 위한 내부 결합띠 구비형 수평분할체
KR20190049151A (ko) * 2017-11-01 2019-05-09 주식회사 클라썸테크 콘크리트 구조물의 강선 하중 분산 및 횡하중 지지력 증대장치

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