WO2022017326A1 - 一种延长植物工厂非球根草本花卉花期的方法 - Google Patents

一种延长植物工厂非球根草本花卉花期的方法 Download PDF

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WO2022017326A1
WO2022017326A1 PCT/CN2021/107132 CN2021107132W WO2022017326A1 WO 2022017326 A1 WO2022017326 A1 WO 2022017326A1 CN 2021107132 W CN2021107132 W CN 2021107132W WO 2022017326 A1 WO2022017326 A1 WO 2022017326A1
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flowers
bulb
herbal
photons
prolonging
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PCT/CN2021/107132
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English (en)
French (fr)
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王婷婷
李阳
陈艺群
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福建省中科生物股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2022017326A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022017326A1/zh
Priority to ZA2023/00502A priority Critical patent/ZA202300502B/en

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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • A01G22/60Flowers; Ornamental plants
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G7/00Botany in general
    • A01G7/04Electric or magnetic or acoustic treatment of plants for promoting growth
    • A01G7/045Electric or magnetic or acoustic treatment of plants for promoting growth with electric lighting

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of plant cultivation, in particular to a method for prolonging the flowering period of non-bulb herb flowers in plant factories.
  • plant factories are one of the development directions of plant factories to realize large-scale production of high-quality flowers by controlling light environment.
  • artificial methods are often used to control the flowering time and amount of flowers.
  • Commonly used artificial methods include measures such as changing temperature, light, water, nutrients, etc., and using plant growth regulators appropriately to meet the requirements of flowering and flowering of flowers and achieve the purpose of regulating flowering period.
  • the regulation of flowering period refers to controlling the time of flowering and full bloom, such as shaping and controlling flowering of plants by means of topping and pruning, and short-day flowers such as poinsettia and crab claw orchid.
  • Sunlight treatment prompts them to bloom in advance. For example, some flowers require a certain amount of cooling or heat to bloom, and artificially low temperature or high temperature for a period of time is conducive to early blooming.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a method for prolonging the flowering period of non-bulb herbal flowers in plant factories.
  • a method for prolonging the flowering period of non-bulb herbal flowers in a plant factory comprising using a specific light source to illuminate during the cultivation process, the specific light source spectral composition is: the ratio of the number of photons of 380-499 nm to the total photons is 10-20%, and 500 The number of photons at -599nm accounts for 25-35% of the total photons, and the number of photons at 600-780nm accounts for 50-60% of the total photons.
  • the method further comprises reducing the light intensity after the non-bulb herb flower reaches the full bloom stage or after the flower blooms.
  • the light intensity is set to 200-300 ⁇ mol/m2 ⁇ s
  • the early stage of the photoperiod is 8-12 h/d
  • the light environment is adjusted after reaching the full bloom period or after the flowers bloom, and the light intensity is adjusted to 150-200 ⁇ mol/m2 ⁇ s.
  • cultivation environment conditions are: 20-23° C. during the day, 18-20° C. at night, 60-70% air humidity, and 800-1200 ppm CO 2 concentration.
  • the EC value of the nutrient solution is controlled at 1.3-2.0, the pH is 6.0-7.0, the temperature of the nutrient solution is 20-22°C, and the dissolved oxygen content is 5-6 mg/L during the planting of non-bulb herbal flowers.
  • non-bulb herbal flowers include but are not limited to Platycodon grandiflora, Dianthus, and Viola.
  • the invention prolongs the flowering time of flowers in the plant factory through the light environment regulation technology, which is simple and feasible, and can effectively improve the harvested amount of flowers and the economic benefits.
  • the invention provides a light environment regulation technology, which is mainly used for prolonging the flower resident time in the process of flower cultivation in plant factories, and the purpose is to improve the viewing and harvesting period of flowers.
  • Germination first soak the seeds in water for 3-6 hours, then sow them into sponge cubes, 1 per hole, and place them in a germination box for germination. After the seeds are white, move to the full spectrum for cultivation.
  • Seedling raising After the seedlings grow 5-10 cm roots and 2 true leaves, the seedling raising treatment is carried out. During the treatment, the EC value of the nutrient solution is 0.8-1.2 ms/cm, and the pH is 6.0-7.0.
  • the light source adopts the technical scheme of the present invention: the ratio (S 1 ) of the photon number of 380-499nm to the total photon is controlled to be 10-20%, and the ratio of the photon number of 500-599nm to the total photon (S 2 ) is 25-25%. 35%, the ratio of photons of 600-780nm to the total photons (S 3 ) is 50-60%, the light intensity is set to 200-300 ⁇ mol/m2 ⁇ s, the photoperiod is 8-12h/d in the early stage, and after reaching the full bloom period (or after flowering) the light intensity was adjusted to 150-200 ⁇ mol/m2 ⁇ s.
  • the seedling treatment is carried out.
  • the EC value of the nutrient solution is 1.0ms/cm, and the pH is 6.5.
  • the EC value of the nutrient solution was 1.2ms/cm and the pH was 6.5 during seedling cultivation until 5-6 true leaves were cultivated. Select neat and consistent seedlings and transplant them to the colonization plate, and put them in the nutrient solution tank for cultivation.
  • the EC of the nutrient solution is controlled between 1.5-1.8ms/cm, and the pH is 6.0-7.0.
  • the temperature conditions were 21°C during the day and 18°C at night, the air humidity was 60-70%, the CO 2 concentration was 1000ppm, the light intensity was 240 ⁇ mol ⁇ m -2 ⁇ s -1 , and the photoperiod was 12h/d.
  • Platycodon grandiflorum was cultivated according to the above-mentioned cultivation method, and the light source parameters were used as the respective examples. The experimental results are shown in Table 1:
  • the Dianthus seeds After soaking the Dianthus seeds, sow them into sponge cubes, 1 per hole, and then put them in a germination box at 23°C for germination.
  • the seedling treatment was carried out after 4 true leaves.
  • the EC value of the nutrient solution was 1.0 ms/cm and the pH was 6.5.
  • the nutrient solution EC value is 1.2ms/cm, pH is 6.0-6.5, until 5-6 true leaves are cultivated.
  • the EC of the nutrient solution is controlled between 1.5-1.8ms/cm, and the pH is 6.5-7.0.
  • the conditions were 21°C during the day and 18°C at night, the air humidity was 60-70%, the CO 2 concentration was 1000ppm, the light intensity was 230 ⁇ mol ⁇ m -2 ⁇ s -1 , and the photoperiod was 12h/d.
  • Dianthus was cultivated according to the above-mentioned cultivation method, and the light source parameters were used as various examples. The experimental results are shown in Table 2:

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Ecology (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种延长植物工厂非球根草本花卉花期的方法,在栽培过程中采用特定光源进行照射,所述特定光源光谱组成为:380-499nm的光量子数占总光量子的比例在10-20%,500-599nm的光量子数占总光量子的比例在25-35%,600-780nm的光量子数占总光量子的比例在50-60%。本发明通过光环境调控技术来延长植物工厂花卉的开花时间,简单可行,可有效提高花卉采收量和经济收益。

Description

一种延长植物工厂非球根草本花卉花期的方法 技术领域
本发明涉及植物栽培技术领域,具体涉及一种延长植物工厂非球根草本花卉花期的方法。
背景技术
人们的生活水平及消费水平不断提高,使得园艺花卉事业得到了迅猛的发展,花卉总产出比例日趋扩大。植物工厂作为未来农业发展的最高形式,利用光环境调控来实现高品质花卉的规模化生产是植物工厂发展的方向之一。
花卉生产中,为配合市场需要,经常使用人工的方法控制花卉的开花时间和开花量。常用的人工方法包括改变温度,光照,水分,养分等措施,在适当使用植物生长调节剂来满足花卉的开花和成花的要求,达到花期调控的目的。现在市场和科学研究常说的花期调控,是指控制开花和盛花的时间,如通过摘心、修剪等手段对植株整形和控制开花,还有如一品红、蟹爪兰等短日照花卉,通过遮光和短日照处理促使它们提前开花,再比如有些花卉开花需要一定的需冷量或需热量,人为进行一段时间的低温或高温处理后有利于提前开花。可是如何在花卉开花后,通过延长单枝花卉在枝头的盛开时间(以下简称驻花时间)来延长花卉的整个花期,进而提高花卉的观赏和延长采收期的报告却鲜有见到,其中目前生产中可能运用到的方法是通过植物生长调节剂。但对很多鲜食花卉来说,植物生长调节剂的使用存在安全隐患。
所以,植物工厂种植的草本花卉在开花后,如何通过光环境调控技术来延长开花时间,是植物工厂花卉种植的重要技术之一,它影响植物工厂花卉采收时间,花卉采收量和经济收益,而且将此技术运用到植物工厂其它植物种植上,适当延长花期可能会提高花卉授粉概率,影响植物最终的结实率。但目前这方面的研究无相关技术可供参考。
发明内容
有鉴于此,本发明的目的是提供一种延长植物工厂非球根草本花卉花期的方法。
本发明采取的具体技术方案是:
一种延长植物工厂非球根草本花卉花期的方法,包括在栽培过程中采用特定光源进行照射,所述特定光源光谱组成为:380-499nm的光量子数占总光量子的比例在10-20%,500-599nm的光量子数占总光量子的比例在25-35%,600-780nm的光量子数占总光量子的比例在50-60%。
优选地,所述方法还包括在非球根草本花卉达到盛花期后或花开后降低光照强度。
进一步地,所述非球根草本花卉定植后,光强设置为200-300μmol/㎡·s,光周期前期为8-12h/d,达到盛花期后或花开后调整光环境,光强调整为150-200μmol/㎡·s。
进一步地,栽培环境条件为:白天20-23℃,夜间为18-20℃,空气湿度为60-70%,CO 2浓度为800-1200ppm。
进一步地,非球根草本花卉定植期间营养液EC值控制在1.3-2.0,pH为6.0-7.0,营养液温度为20-22℃,溶氧量为5-6mg/L。
进一步地,所述非球根草本花卉包括但不限于桔梗五星花、石竹、角堇。
本发明的有益效果是:本发明通过光环境调控技术来延长植物工厂花卉的开花时间,简单可行,可有效提高花卉采收量和经济收益。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步地详细说明,但本发明的实施方式不限于此,在不脱离本发明上述技术思想情况下,根据本领域普通技术知识和惯用手段,做出各种替换和变更,均应包括在本发明的范围内。
本发明提供了一种光环境调控技术,主要用于植物工厂花卉栽培过程中延长驻花时间,目的是提高花卉的观赏和采收期。(1)催芽:先将种子进行 清水浸种3-6h,后播到海绵方块中,每穴1粒,并置于催芽箱中进行催芽,待种子露白后,移至全光谱下培养。(2)育苗:待苗长出5-10cm根和2片真叶后进行育苗处理,处理期间营养液EC值为0.8-1.2ms/cm,pH为6.0-7.0。(3)定植:待幼苗长至4-5叶1心时,进行栽培定植,移到定植板上,并放入营养液槽中进行培养,定植期间营养液EC值控制在1.3-2.0,pH为6.0-7.0。营养液温度为20-22℃,溶氧量为5-6mg/L,环境温度条件为白天20-23℃,夜间为18-20℃,空气湿度为60-70%,CO 2浓度为800-1200ppm。
栽培定植期间光源采用本发明技术方案:控制380-499nm的光量子数占总光量子的比例(S 1)在10-20%,500-599nm的光量子数占总光量子的比例(S 2)在25-35%,600-780nm的光量子数占总光量子的比例(S 3)在50-60%,光强设置为200-300μmol/㎡·s,光周期前期为8-12h/d,达到盛花期后(或花开后)光强调整为150-200μmol/㎡·s。
本发明的技术方案简单可行,可有效提高花卉采收量和经济收益,下面以具体的实施案例进行详细阐述。
实施案例1
将桔梗五星花种子浸种后,播到海绵方块中,每穴1粒,后放到23℃催芽箱中进行催芽,待种子露白后,移至全光谱下培养。待苗长出5-10cm根和2片真叶后进行育苗处理,处理期间营养液EC值为1.0ms/cm,pH为6.5。育苗时营养液EC值为1.2ms/cm,pH为6.5,直至培育到5-6片真叶。挑选整齐一致的的幼苗移栽定植到定植板上,并放到营养液槽中进行培养,营养液EC控制在1.5-1.8ms/cm之间,pH为6.0-7.0,同时整个定植期间,环境温度条件为白天21℃,夜间为18℃,空气湿度为60-70%,CO 2浓度为1000ppm,光强为240μmol·m -2·s -1,光周期为12h/d。按照上述栽培方法对桔梗五星花进行培养,以光源参数作为各个实施例。实验结果如表1所示:
表1
Figure PCTCN2021107132-appb-000001
实验结果表明,实施例5-7处理的桔梗五星花的驻花时间较长。
实施案例2
将石竹种子浸种后,播到海绵方块中,每穴1粒,后放到23℃催芽箱中进行催芽,待种子露白后,移入全光谱中培养,待苗长出5-10cm根和3-4片真叶后进行育苗处理,处理期间营养液EC值为1.0ms/cm,pH为6.5。移到水培营养液中进行育苗管理,营养液EC值为1.2ms/cm,pH为6.0-6.5,直至培育到5-6片真叶。挑选整齐一致的幼苗移栽定植到定植板上,并放到营养液槽中进行培养,营养液EC控制在1.5-1.8ms/cm之间,pH为6.5-7.0,同时整个定植期间,环境温度条件为白天21℃,夜间为18℃,空气湿度为60-70%,CO 2浓度为1000ppm,光强为230μmol·m -2·s -1,光周期为12h/d。按照上述栽培方法对石竹进行培养,以光源参数作为各个实施例。实验结果如表2所示:
表2
Figure PCTCN2021107132-appb-000002
实验结果表明,实施例6-7处理的石竹花的驻花时间较长。
实施案例3
将角堇种子浸种后,播到海绵方块中,每穴1粒,后放到23℃催芽箱中进行催芽,待种子露白后,移入全光谱中培养,待苗长出5-10cm根和2片真叶后进行育苗处理,处理期间营养液EC值为0.8-1.2ms/cm。移到水培营养液中进行育苗管理,营养液EC值为1.2ms/cm,pH为6.0-7.0,直至培育到5-6片真叶。挑选整齐一致的幼苗移栽定植到定植板上,并放到营养液槽中进行培养,营养液EC控制在1.7-2.0ms/cm之间,pH为6.2-6.8,同时整个定植期间,环境温度条件为白天21℃,夜间为18℃,空气湿度为60-70%,CO 2浓度为1000ppm,光强为230μmol·m -2·s -1,光周期为12h/d。按照上述栽培方法对角堇进行培养,以光源参数作为各个实施例。实验结果如表3所示:
表3
Figure PCTCN2021107132-appb-000003
实验结果表明,实施例5-6处理的角堇的驻花时间较长。
尽管已经对上述各实施例进行了描述,但本领域内的技术人员一旦得知了基本创造性概念,则可对这些实施例做出另外的变更和修改,所以以上所述仅为本发明的实施例,并非因此限制本发明的专利保护范围,凡是利用本发明说明书内容所作的等效结构或等效流程变换,或直接或间接运用在其他相关的技术领域,均同理包括在本发明的专利保护范围之内。

Claims (6)

  1. 一种延长植物工厂非球根草本花卉花期的方法,其特征在于,在栽培过程中采用特定光源进行照射,所述特定光源光谱组成为:380-499nm的光量子数占总光量子的比例在10-20%,500-599nm的光量子数占总光量子的比例在25-35%,600-780nm的光量子数占总光量子的比例在50-60%。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述一种延长植物工厂非球根草本花卉花期的方法,其特征在于,在非球根草本花卉达到盛花期后或花开后降低光照强度。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述一种延长植物工厂非球根草本花卉花期的方法,其特征在于,所述非球根草本花卉定植后,光强设置为200-300μmol/㎡·s,光周期前期为8-12h/d,达到盛花期后或花开后光强调整为150-200μmol/㎡·s。
  4. 根据权利要求1-3任一项所述一种延长植物工厂非球根草本花卉花期的方法,其特征在于,环境条件为:白天20-23℃,夜间为18-20℃,空气湿度为60-70%,CO 2浓度为800-1200ppm。
  5. 根据权利要求1-3任一项所述一种延长植物工厂非球根草本花卉花期的方法,其特征在于,非球根草本花卉定植期间营养液EC值控制在1.3-2.0,pH为6.0-7.0,营养液温度为20-22℃,溶氧量为5-6mg/L。
  6. 根据权利要求1-3任一项所述一种延长植物工厂非球根草本花卉花期的方法,其特征在于,所述非球根草本花卉包括但不限于桔梗五星花、石竹、角堇。
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