WO2022017150A1 - 一种用于裂隙网络剪切渗流试验装置及其试验方法 - Google Patents

一种用于裂隙网络剪切渗流试验装置及其试验方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022017150A1
WO2022017150A1 PCT/CN2021/103917 CN2021103917W WO2022017150A1 WO 2022017150 A1 WO2022017150 A1 WO 2022017150A1 CN 2021103917 W CN2021103917 W CN 2021103917W WO 2022017150 A1 WO2022017150 A1 WO 2022017150A1
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model
water injection
isobaric
water outlet
test
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French (fr)
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刘日成
靖洪文
李树忱
蔚立元
冯现大
刘枫
王蓥森
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China University of Mining and Technology CUMT
China University of Mining and Technology Beijing CUMTB
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China University of Mining and Technology CUMT
China University of Mining and Technology Beijing CUMTB
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
    • G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
    • G01N15/082—Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample
    • G01N15/0826—Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample and measuring fluid flow rate, i.e. permeation rate or pressure change
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
    • G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
    • G01N15/0806—Details, e.g. sample holders, mounting samples for testing

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  • the invention belongs to the technical fields of fluid mechanics and rock mechanics, and in particular relates to a shear seepage test device for a fracture network and a test method thereof.
  • the rock mass will shear and dislocate under the disturbance of earthquake, excavation and other factors, causing the relative displacement of the crack network inside the rock mass along the shear crack. This will provide more complex channels for the migration of water or other harmful substances, further increasing the permeability of the rock mass and deteriorating the physical and mechanical properties of the rock mass.
  • the shear seepage mechanism of the fracture network can be revealed by realizing the indoor physical model test of the shear seepage of the fracture network, and a reliable basis for the safety assessment of the geotechnical engineering can be provided.
  • the invention patent with the application number of 201410140674.1 proposes a rock shear-seepage coupling test method, which has the following problems in the specific operation process: (1) When the sample is sheared, the shear cracks and crack network The internal fractures are deformed, resulting in changes in the opening and permeability coefficient, and the influence of shear fractures on the seepage characteristics of the overall fracture network of the sample cannot be determined independently; (2) During the test process, the water pressure at the measuring point will continue to occur. The change is the dynamic water pressure, which cannot simulate the hydrostatic pressure of the steady flow in the field.
  • the invention provides a device and a test method for shearing seepage in a fracture network, which not only realizes the indoor physical model test of shearing and seepage in a fracture network, but also has the advantages of low cost, simple operation and the like.
  • a shear seepage test device for fracture network including a model boundary isobaric water injection device, the model boundary isobaric water injection device has a C-shaped section, and its opening faces test environment;
  • the model boundary isobaric water outlet device has a C-shaped section, its opening faces the test environment, and the model boundary isobaric water outlet device opening is oriented to the model boundary isobaric water injection device openings relatively;
  • the glass-made fracture network model is a two-half separable model, and the two-half separable model of which half of the separable model is installed on the side of the model boundary away from the test environment.
  • the other half of the detachable model is installed in the opening of the isobaric water outlet device at the boundary of the model on the side away from the test environment;
  • the two half-splitable models can be moved along the x-axis and y-axis directions, and the displacement in the x-axis direction needs to be greater than 0. .
  • the present invention also includes a wide cover plate and a narrow cover plate, the narrow cover plate is covered at the upper and lower parts of the two halves of the detachable mold, and the wide cover plate is close to the narrow cover plate and Cover the top and bottom of the two-half detachable model along the direction away from the test environment.
  • the present invention also includes a water injection port, a bottom baffle of the water injection port, a top baffle of the water injection port, and a water injection port static pressure test port.
  • the water injection port and the water injection port static pressure test port are arranged in a row on the Above the model boundary isobaric water injection device; the bottom baffle of the water injection port and the top baffle of the water injection port are arranged inside the opening of the model boundary isobaric water injection device, and the bottom baffle of the water injection port is located between the water injection port and the water injection port.
  • the top baffle of the water injection port is located at the top of the contact between the model boundary isobaric water injection device and the glass fracture network model.
  • the present invention also includes a water outlet, a water outlet static pressure test port and a top baffle plate of the water outlet.
  • the top baffle of the water outlet is arranged inside the opening of the model boundary isobaric water outlet, and the top baffle of the water outlet is located at the top of the contact between the model boundary isobaric water outlet and the glass fracture network model.
  • the boundaries of the model boundary isobaric water injection device, the model boundary isobaric water outlet device, the wide cover plate and the boundary contacted by the narrow cover plate are all sealed with glue.
  • the present invention also provides a test method for fracture network shear seepage, the method comprising the following steps:
  • Step 1 determine the size of the narrow cover: according to the size and direction of the required shear displacement, process the narrow cover of the corresponding size;
  • Step 2 test device installation: assemble the model boundary isobaric water injection device, the model boundary isobaric water outlet device, and the glass fracture network model, and use the wide cover plate and the narrow cover plate to carry out the test. fixed;
  • Step 3 test preparation: turn on the water source, wait for the water flow to be injected from the water injection port of the model boundary isobaric water injection device, until the water flow overflows from the water outlet of the model boundary isobaric water outlet device;
  • Step 4 measure the water flow pressure of the injection and the water outlet: after the overall water flow is stabilized in step 3, use a differential pressure gauge to test the water injection port and the water outlet static pressure test port respectively. Describe the hydrostatic pressure at the outlet.
  • the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
  • the model boundary isobaric water injection device in the present invention ensures that the water pressures at all crack openings are equal, and the model boundary isobaric water outlet device ensures that the water pressure at the water outlet is equal, so that the simulation site is a steady-state flow hydrostatic pressure;
  • the glass-made fracture network model in the present invention is a two-half separable model, and the physical model test of the fracture network shear seepage chamber is realized by the movement of the half of the separable model in the x-axis and y-axis directions;
  • the fissure network in the glass fissure network model of the present invention is made by processing a glass plate, which is convenient to operate and low in cost.
  • Fig. 1 is the overall structure top view of the present invention
  • Fig. 2 is the overall structure front view of the present invention
  • Fig. 3 is the front view of the model boundary isobaric water injection device of the present invention.
  • Fig. 4 is the front view of the glass fracture network model of the present invention.
  • Fig. 5 is a front view of the model boundary isobaric water outlet device of the present invention.
  • Model boundary isobaric water injection device 11. Water injection port; 12. Water injection port bottom baffle; 13. Water injection port top baffle plate; 14. Water injection port static pressure test port; 20.
  • Model boundary isobaric water outlet device 21, water outlet; 22, water outlet static pressure test port; 23, water outlet top baffle; 30, glass fracture network model; 40, wide cover plate; 50, narrow cover plate.
  • the laboratory physical model test of the shear seepage of the fracture network can reveal the shear seepage mechanism of the fracture network and provide a reliable basis for the safety assessment of geotechnical engineering.
  • the water pressure at the measuring point will change continuously, and it is the dynamic water pressure, which cannot simulate the hydrostatic pressure of the steady flow in the field.
  • the present application provides a shear seepage test device for a fracture network, including a model boundary isobaric water injection device 10 as shown in FIG. Its opening faces the test environment; including the model boundary isobaric water outlet device 20, the model boundary isobaric water outlet device 20 has a C-shaped section, its opening faces the test environment, and the model boundary isobaric water outlet device 20 The opening is oriented in the same direction as the other.
  • the model boundary isobaric water injection device 10 has openings facing opposite; including a glass-made fracture network model 30, the glass-made fracture network model 30 is a two-half separable model, and the two-half separable model of which half of the separable model is far away from the test
  • the side outside the environment is installed in the opening of the model boundary isobaric water injection device 10, and the other half of the detachable model is installed in the opening of the model boundary isobaric water outlet device 20 on the side away from the test environment; as shown in Figure 1
  • the length direction of the glass-made fracture network model 30 is the x-axis, and the width direction is the y-axis to establish a coordinate system. Satisfy greater than 0;
  • the glass-made fracture network model 30 is prepared by cutting with a water jet or glass knife or physical blow on a glass plate to obtain a fracture network; when shearing, only one half of the two detachable models needs to be split.
  • the required opening and displacement can be met by moving along the x-axis or the y-axis, without the need to move both halves of the split model.
  • the present application also includes a wide cover plate 40 and a narrow cover plate 50 , and the narrow cover plate 50 is covered above and below the two halves of the detachable model immediately adjacent to each other (ie, above and below the shear displacement portion). , the wide cover plate 40 is close to the narrow cover plate 50 and covers the upper and lower parts of the two-half detachable model along the direction away from the test environment;
  • the wide cover plate 40 is used for clamping the glass fracture network model 30; the narrow cover plate 50 is used for clamping the sheared part of the glass fracture network model 30, the narrow cover plate 50
  • the size and direction of the shear displacement are determined by the size and direction of the shear displacement; the boundary of the model boundary isobaric water injection device 10, the model boundary isobaric water outlet device 20, the wide cover plate 40 and the narrow cover plate 50 are immediately adjacent to the boundary Carry out sealing treatment.
  • the present application further includes a water injection port 11, a bottom baffle plate 12 of the water injection port, a top baffle plate 13 of the water injection port, and a water injection port static pressure test port 14.
  • the water injection port 11 and the water injection port static pressure test port 14 are all set above the end of the model boundary isobaric water injection device 10 away from the test environment; as shown in FIG. Inside the opening of the isobaric water injection device 10, the bottom baffle 12 of the water injection port is located below the water injection port 11 and the static pressure test port 14 of the water injection port, and the top baffle 13 of the water injection port is located at the model boundary isobaric The top of the contact between the water injection device 10 and the glass fracture network model 30;
  • the positions of the water injection port 11 and the water injection port static pressure test port 14 above the end of the model boundary isobaric water injection device 10 away from the test environment are not limited, and any location does not affect the test results.
  • the present application also includes a water outlet 21, a water outlet static pressure test port 22 and a water outlet top baffle 23. Both the water outlet 21 and the water outlet static pressure test port 22 are opened in the model Above the end of the boundary isobaric water outlet device 20 away from the test environment; as shown in FIG. 5 , the top baffle 23 of the water outlet is provided inside the opening of the model boundary isobaric water outlet device 20, and the top baffle 23 of the water outlet at the top of the contact between the model boundary isobaric water outlet device 20 and the glass fracture network model 30;
  • the position of the water outlet 21 and the water outlet static pressure test port 22 above the end of the model boundary isobaric water outlet device 20 away from the test environment is not limited, and any location does not affect the test results.
  • the present application provides a preferred embodiment 1 as shown in FIG. 2 .
  • This embodiment consists of three parts: the model boundary isobaric water injection device 10 , the model boundary isobaric water outlet device 20 and the glass fracture network model 30 After the three parts are assembled, a wide cover plate 40 is sandwiched above and below the glass fracture network model 30, and a narrow cover plate 50 is sandwiched above and below the shear displacement of the glass fracture network model 30.
  • the cover plate 40 is in close contact with the narrow cover plate 50, and the end of the wide cover plate 40 away from the narrow cover plate 50 is in close contact with the top baffle 13 of the water injection port in the opening of the model boundary isobaric water injection device 10 , seal the boundary of the model boundary isobaric water injection device 10, the model boundary isobaric water outlet device 20, the wide cover plate 40 and the narrow cover plate 50 close to each other, and the glass cracks
  • the network model 30 can move along the x-axis and y-axis directions.
  • the cavity has a buffering effect, so that the pressure of the water flow out of the water outlet 21 remains consistent; after the water flow of the entire model is stable, the differential pressure gauge is used to test the water injection port at the water injection port static pressure test port 14 and the water outlet static pressure test port 22 respectively. 11 and the hydrostatic pressure of the water outlet 21.
  • Step 1 determine the size of the narrow cover plate 50: according to the size and direction of the required shear displacement, process the narrow cover plate 50 of the corresponding size;
  • Step 2 installation of the test device: Assemble the model boundary isobaric water injection device 10, the model boundary isobaric water outlet device 20 and the glass fracture network model 30, and use the wide cover plate 40 and the narrow cover plate 50 for fixing.
  • the boundary of the model boundary isobaric water injection device 10, the model boundary isobaric water outlet device 20, the wide cover plate 40 and the boundary contacted by the narrow cover plate 50 are all subjected to sealing water treatment (sealing glue);
  • Step 3 test preparation: move the glass fracture network model 30 along the x or y axis to the required opening and shear displacement, and inject water from the water injection port 11 of the isobaric water injection device 10 at the boundary of the model until the water flows from the model.
  • the water outlet 21 of the boundary isobaric water outlet device 20 overflows (the overflowing water flow from the water outlet 21 means that the water pressure inside the entire model is in a stable state);
  • Step 4 measure the water flow pressure of the injection and the water outlet: after the overall water flow is stabilized in step 3, use a differential pressure gauge to test the water injection port 11 and the water outlet 21 at the water injection port static pressure test port 14 and the water outlet static pressure test port 22 respectively. Hydrostatic pressure.
  • the model boundary isobaric water injection device 10 in the present invention ensures that the water pressures at all crack openings are equal, and the model boundary isobaric water outlet device 20 ensures that the water pressures at the water outlet are equal, so that the simulated site is a steady-state flow hydrostatic pressure;
  • the invention realizes the physical model test of the fracture network shear seepage chamber through the movement of half of the detachable models in the x-axis and y-axis directions;
  • the fracture network in the glass fracture network model 30 of the present invention is processed and manufactured by a glass plate, which is easy to operate , the cost is low, and at the same time, because the glass plate is transparent, it is convenient to observe the seepage in the test.
  • the water source can be replaced with a colored dye solution. Through the seepage flow, the flow of the colored dye solution in the crack network module along different crack directions can be observed. .
  • connection may be a direct connection between components or an indirect connection between components through other components.

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Abstract

一种用于裂隙网络剪切渗流试验装置及其试验方法，本装置包括模型边界等压注水装置（10）、模型边界等压出水装置（20）、玻璃制裂隙网络模型（30）、宽盖板（40）以及窄盖板（50），各结构连接处均进行封水处理；在玻璃制裂隙网络模型（30）上下方夹设宽盖板（40）和窄盖板（50），窄盖板（50）设置于玻璃制裂隙网络模型（30）剪切部分，宽盖板（40）设置于窄盖板（50）两侧，宽盖板（40）远离窄盖板（50）的一端与模型边界等压注水装置（10）开口内部中的注水口顶部挡板（13）紧贴，以玻璃制裂隙网络模型（30）长度方向为x轴，宽度方向为y轴建立坐标系，玻璃制裂隙网络模型（30）可沿x轴、y轴方向移动；本装置及方法实现了裂隙网络剪切渗流室内物理模型试验，且具有低成本、操作简单等优点。

Description

一种用于裂隙网络剪切渗流试验装置及其试验方法 技术领域
本发明属于流体力学、岩石力学技术领域，具体涉及一种用于裂隙网络剪切渗流试验装置及其试验方法。
背景技术
在岩土工程中，岩体在地震、开挖等因素的扰动下会发生剪切、错动，使得岩体内部的裂隙网络沿着剪切裂隙发生相对位移。这将为水或其他有害物质的运移提供更复杂的通道，进一步增大了岩体的渗透率并劣化了岩体的物理力学性能。通过实现裂隙网络的剪切渗流室内物理模型试验，可以揭示裂隙网络的剪切渗流机理，并为岩土工程的安全评估提供可靠的依据。
据统计，90％以上的岩体边坡破坏和地下水渗透力有关，60％矿井事故与地下水作用有关，30％-40％的水电工程大坝失事是由渗透作用引起的。因此，本领域迫切需要对裂隙网络的剪切渗流机理进行研究，而实现裂隙网络的剪切渗流物理模型试验是最有效、最重要的一步。开展裂隙网络的剪切渗流物理模型试验的难度主要在于保证所有裂隙开口处的水压力相等以及设计可发生剪切位移的裂隙网络。
申请号为201410140674.1的发明专利提出了一种岩石剪切-渗流耦合试验方法，该方法在具体操作过程中发现存在如下问题：(1)试样在发生剪切破坏时，剪切裂隙和裂隙网络内部裂隙均发生了变形，导致开度以及渗透系数发生了变化，无法单独确定剪切裂隙对试样整体裂隙网络渗流特性的影响；(2)在试验过程中，测点的水压力会不断发生变化，为动水压力，无法模拟现场稳态流动的静水压力。
发明内容
本发明提供一种用于裂隙网络剪切渗流试验装置及其试验方法，既实现了裂隙网络剪切渗流室内物理模型试验，又具有低成本、操作简单等优点。
本发明解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案是：一种用于裂隙网络剪切渗流试验装置，包括模型边界等压注水装置，所述模型边界等压注水装置剖面呈c字型，其开口朝向试验环境；
包括模型边界等压出水装置，所述模型边界等压出水装置剖面呈c字型，其开口朝向试验环境，且所述模型边界等压出水装置开口朝向与所述模型边界等压注水装置开口朝向相对；
包括玻璃制裂隙网络模型，所述玻璃制裂隙网络模型为两半可拆分模型，两半可拆分模型其中一半可拆分模型远离试验环境外的一侧安装于所述模型边界等压注水装置开口内，另一半可拆分模型远离试验环境外的一侧安装于所述模型边界等压出水装置开口内；
以所述玻璃制裂隙网络模型长度方向为x轴，宽度方向为y轴建立坐标系，两半可拆分模型均可沿x轴、y轴方向移动，其中x轴方向的位移需满足大于0。
作为本发明的进一步优选，还包括宽盖板和窄盖板，所述窄盖板盖设在两半可拆 分模型紧邻处的上下方，所述宽盖板紧贴所述窄盖板且沿远离试验环境方向盖设在两半可拆分模型上下方。
作为本发明的进一步优选，还包括注水口、注水口底部挡板、注水口顶部挡板以及注水口静压测试口，所述注水口与所述注水口静压测试口呈一列开设在所述模型边界等压注水装置的上方；所述注水口底部挡板和所述注水口顶部挡板设于所述模型边界等压注水装置开口内部，所述注水口底部挡板位于所述注水口与所述注水口静压测试口的下方，所述注水口顶部挡板位于所述模型边界等压注水装置与所述玻璃制裂隙网络模型接触处顶部。
作为本发明的进一步优选，还包括出水口、出水口静压测试口以及出水口顶部挡板，所述出水口与所述出水口静压测试口均开设在所述模型边界等压出水装置的上方；所述出水口顶部挡板设于所述模型边界等压出水装置开口内部，所述出水口顶部挡板位于所述模型边界等压出水装置与所述玻璃制裂隙网络模型接触处顶部。
作为本发明的进一步优选，所述模型边界等压注水装置、所述模型边界等压出水装置、所述宽盖板以及所述窄盖板所接触的边界处均封胶。
本发明还提供了一种用于裂隙网络剪切渗流的试验方法，该方法包括以下步骤：
步骤一，确定窄盖板尺寸：根据所需剪切位移的大小和方向，加工相应尺寸的所述窄盖板；
步骤二，试验装置安装：将所述模型边界等压注水装置、所述模型边界等压出水装置以及所述玻璃制裂隙网络模型进行组装，并采用所述宽盖板和所述窄盖板进行固定；
步骤三，试验准备：开启水源，待水流从所述模型边界等压注水装置的所述注水口注入，直至水流从所述模型边界等压出水装置的所述出水口溢出；
步骤四，测注、出水口水流压力：待步骤三中整体水流稳定后，采用差压计在所述注水口静压测试口和所述出水口静压测试口分别测试所述注水口和所述出水口的静水压力。
通过以上技术方案，相对于现有技术，本发明具有以下有益效果：
1、本发明中的模型边界等压注水装置保证了所有裂隙开口处的水压力相等，模型边界等压出水装置保证了出水口的水压力相等，使得模拟现场为稳态流动的静水压力；
2、本发明中的玻璃制裂隙网络模型为两半可拆分模型，通过其中一半可拆分模型在x轴、y轴方向的移动，来实现裂隙网络剪切渗流室内物理模型试验；
3、本发明玻璃制裂隙网络模型中的裂隙网络由玻璃板加工制作，操作方便，成本低廉。
附图说明
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明进一步说明。
图1是本发明的整体结构俯视图；
图2是本发明的整体结构主视图；
图3是本发明的模型边界等压注水装置正视图；
图4是本发明的玻璃制裂隙网络模型正视图；
图5是本发明的模型边界等压出水装置正视图。
图中：10、模型边界等压注水装置；11、注水口；12、注水口底部挡板；13、注水口顶部挡板；14、注水口静压测试口；20、模型边界等压出水装置；21、出水口；22、出水口静压测 试口；23、出水口顶部挡板；30、玻璃制裂隙网络模型；40、宽盖板；50、窄盖板。
具体实施方式
现在结合附图对本发明作进一步详细的说明。这些附图均为简化的示意图，仅以示意方式说明本发明的基本结构，因此其仅显示与本发明有关的构成。
裂隙网络的剪切渗流室内物理模型试验可以揭示裂隙网络的剪切渗流机理，并为岩土工程的安全评估提供可靠的依据。现有技术中，存在一些缺陷，比如试样在发生剪切破坏时，剪切裂隙和裂隙网络内部裂隙均发生了变形，导致开度以及渗透系数发生了变化，无法单独确定剪切裂隙对试样整体裂隙网络渗流特性的影响；在试验过程中，测点的水压力会不断发生变化，为动水压力，无法模拟现场稳态流动的静水压力等缺陷。
基于上述问题，本申请提供了一种用于裂隙网络剪切渗流试验装置，包括如图2所示的模型边界等压注水装置10，所述模型边界等压注水装置10剖面呈c字型，其开口朝向试验环境；包括模型边界等压出水装置20，所述模型边界等压出水装置20剖面呈c字型，其开口朝向试验环境，且所述模型边界等压出水装置20开口朝向与所述模型边界等压注水装置10开口朝向相对；包括玻璃制裂隙网络模型30，所述玻璃制裂隙网络模型30为两半可拆分模型，两半可拆分模型其中一半可拆分模型远离试验环境外的一侧安装于所述模型边界等压注水装置10开口内，另一半可拆分模型远离试验环境外的一侧安装于所述模型边界等压出水装置20开口内；如图1所示，以所述玻璃制裂隙网络模型30长度方向为x轴，宽度方向为y轴建立坐标系，两半可拆分模型均可沿x轴、y轴方向移动，其中x轴方向的位移需满足大于0；
其中，所述玻璃制裂隙网络模型30是在玻璃板上用水刀切割或玻璃刀刻画或物理打击制备得到裂隙网络；在进行剪切时，只需两半可拆分模型中一半可拆分模型沿x轴或Y轴方向移动即可满足所需开度和位移，无需两半可拆分模型均进行移动。
如图4所示，本申请还包括宽盖板40和窄盖板50，所述窄盖板50盖设在两半可拆分模型紧邻处的上下方(即剪切位移部分的上下方)，所述宽盖板40紧贴所述窄盖板50且沿远离试验环境方向盖设在两半可拆分模型上下方；
其中，所述宽盖板40用于夹住所述玻璃制裂隙网络模型30；所述窄盖板50用于夹住所述玻璃制裂隙网络模型30的剪切部分，所述窄盖板50的尺寸由剪切位移的大小和方向进行确定；所述模型边界等压注水装置10、所述模型边界等压出水装置20、所述宽盖板40以及所述窄盖板50紧邻的边界处进行封胶处理。
如图1所示，本申请还包括注水口11、注水口底部挡板12、注水口顶部挡板13以及注水口静压测试口14，所述注水口11与所述注水口静压测试口14均开设在所述模型边界等压注水装置10远离试验环境的一端的上方；如图3所示，所述注水口底部挡板12和所述注水口顶部挡板13设于所述模型边界等压注水装置10开口内部，所述注水口底部挡板12位于所述注水口11与所述注水口静压测试口14的下方，所述注水口顶部挡板13位于所述模型边界等压注水装置10与所述玻璃制裂隙网络模型30接触处顶部；
其中，所述注水口11和所述注水口静压测试口14位于所述模型边界等压注水装置10远离试验环境的一端的上方的位置不限定，任意一处均不影响试验结果。
如图1所示，本申请还包括出水口21、出水口静压测试口22以及出水口顶部挡板 23，所述出水口21与所述出水口静压测试口22均开设在所述模型边界等压出水装置20远离试验环境的一端的上方；如图5所示，所述出水口顶部挡板23设于所述模型边界等压出水装置20开口内部，所述出水口顶部挡板23位于所述模型边界等压出水装置20与所述玻璃制裂隙网络模型30接触处顶部；
其中，所述出水口21和所述出水口静压测试口22位于所述模型边界等压出水装置20远离试验环境的一端的上方的位置不限定，任意一处均不影响试验结果。
实施例1
本申请提供一种如图2所示的优选实施例1，本实施方案由所述模型边界等压注水装置10、所述模型边界等压出水装置20以及所述玻璃制裂隙网络模型30三部分组成，将三部分组装后，在所述玻璃制裂隙网络模型30上下方夹设宽盖板40，在所述玻璃制裂隙网络模型30剪切位移上下方夹设窄盖板50，所述宽盖板40与所述窄盖板50紧贴，所述宽盖板40远离所述窄盖板50的一端与所述模型边界等压注水装置10开口内部中的注水口顶部挡板13紧贴，将所述模型边界等压注水装置10、所述模型边界等压出水装置20、所述宽盖板40以及所述窄盖板50紧贴的边界处进行封胶处理，所述玻璃制裂隙网络模型30可沿x轴、y轴方向移动。
其中，如图2所示，当往所述注水口11注入水后，水流先进入所述注水口底部挡板12与所述模型边界等压注水装置10内壁形成的空腔内，起到一定缓冲作用，当水流漫过所述注水口底部挡板12后，水流压力趋于稳定，从而保证水流流入各个裂隙时的压力相等以及流入的水流量基本一致；因水流通过所述玻璃制裂隙网络模型30中的裂隙过程中会有水压损失，所以流出所述玻璃制裂隙网络模型30后水压减小，流出后的水流充满所述模型边界等压出水装置20开口内部，此开口内部空腔有缓冲作用，使得流出所述出水口21的水流压力保持一致；整个模型水流稳定后，采用差压计在注水口静压测试口14和出水口静压测试口22分别测试所述注水口11和所述出水口21的静水压力。
本实施方案具体试验方法如下：
步骤一，确定窄盖板50尺寸：根据所需的剪切位移的大小和方向，加工相应尺寸的窄盖板50；
步骤二，试验装置安装：将模型边界等压注水装置10、模型边界等压出水装置20以及玻璃制裂隙网络模型30进行组装，并采用宽盖板40和窄盖板50进行固定，在所述模型边界等压注水装置10、所述模型边界等压出水装置20、所述宽盖板40以及所述窄盖板50所接触的边界处均进行封水处理(封胶)；
步骤三，试验准备：将玻璃制裂隙网络模型30沿x或Y轴方向移动至所需开度和剪切位移，将水流从模型边界等压注水装置10的注水口11注入，直至水流从模型边界等压出水装置20的出水口21溢出(出水口21溢出水流即为整个模型内部水压力处于稳定状态)；
步骤四，测注、出水口水流压力：待步骤三中整体水流稳定后，采用差压计在注水口静压测试口14和出水口静压测试口22分别测试注水口11和出水口21的静水压力。
本发明中的模型边界等压注水装置10保证了所有裂隙开口处的水压力相等，模型边界等压出水装置20保证了出水口的水压力相等，使得模拟现场为稳态流动的静水压力；本发明通过其中一半可拆分模型在x轴、y轴方向的移动，来实现裂隙网络剪切渗流室内物理模型试验；本发明玻璃制裂隙网络模型30中的裂隙网络由玻璃板加工制作，操作方便，成 本低廉，同时因为玻璃板为透明，便于试验中对渗流的观察，为了更观察更加方便可将水源换为有色染液通过渗流可以观察有色染液在裂隙网络模块中沿不同裂隙方向的流动。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出：对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。
本技术领域技术人员可以理解，除非另外定义，这里使用的所有术语(包括技术术语和科学术语)具有与本申请所属领域中的普通技术人员的一般理解相同的意义。还应该理解的是，诸如通用字典中定义的那些术语应该被理解为具有与现有技术的上下文中的意义一致的意义，并且除非像这里一样定义，不会用理想化或过于正式的含义来解释。
本申请中所述的“和/或”的含义指的是各自单独存在或两者同时存在的情况均包括在内。
本申请中所述的“连接”的含义可以是部件之间的直接连接也可以是部件间通过其它部件的间接连接。
以上述依据本发明的理想实施例为启示，通过上述的说明内容，相关工作人员完全可以在不偏离本项发明技术思想的范围内，进行多样的变更以及修改。本项发明的技术性范围并不局限于说明书上的内容，必须要根据权利要求范围来确定其技术性范围。

Claims (6)

  1. 一种用于裂隙网络剪切渗流试验装置，其特征在于：包括模型边界等压注水装置(10)，所述模型边界等压注水装置(10)剖面呈c字型，其开口朝向试验环境；
    包括模型边界等压出水装置(20)，所述模型边界等压出水装置(20)剖面呈c字型，其开口朝向试验环境，且所述模型边界等压出水装置(20)开口朝向与所述模型边界等压注水装置(10)开口朝向相对；
    包括玻璃制裂隙网络模型(30)，所述玻璃制裂隙网络模型(30)为两半可拆分模型，两半可拆分模型其中一半可拆分模型远离试验环境外的一侧安装于所述模型边界等压注水装置(10)开口内，另一半可拆分模型远离试验环境外的一侧安装于所述模型边界等压出水装置(20)开口内；
    以所述玻璃制裂隙网络模型(30)长度方向为x轴，宽度方向为y轴建立坐标系，两半可拆分模型均可沿x轴、y轴方向移动，其中x轴方向的位移需满足大于0。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种用于裂隙网络剪切渗流试验装置，其特征在于：还包括宽盖板(40)和窄盖板(50)，所述窄盖板(50)盖设在两半可拆分模型紧邻处的上下方，所述宽盖板(40)紧贴所述窄盖板(50)且沿远离试验环境方向盖设在两半可拆分模型上下方。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的一种用于裂隙网络剪切渗流试验装置，其特征在于：还包括注水口(11)、注水口底部挡板(12)、注水口顶部挡板(13)以及注水口静压测试口(14)，所述注水口(11)与所述注水口静压测试口(14)呈一列开设在所述模型边界等压注水装置(10)的上方；所述注水口底部挡板(12)和所述注水口顶部挡板(13)设于所述模型边界等压注水装置(10)开口内部，所述注水口底部挡板(12)位于所述注水口(11)与所述注水口静压测试口(14)的下方，所述注水口顶部挡板(13)位于所述模型边界等压注水装置(10)与所述玻璃制裂隙网络模型(30)接触处顶部。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的一种用于裂隙网络剪切渗流试验装置，其特征在于：还包括出水口(21)、出水口静压测试口(22)以及出水口顶部挡板(23)，所述出水口(21)与所述出水口静压测试口(22)均开设在所述模型边界等压出水装置(20)的上方；所述出水口顶部挡板(23)设于所述模型边界等压出水装置(20)开口内部，所述出水口顶部挡板(23)位于所述模型边界等压出水装置(20)与所述玻璃制裂隙网络模型(30)接触处顶部。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的一种用于裂隙网络剪切渗流试验装置，其特征在于：所述模型边界等压注水装置(10)、所述模型边界等压出水装置(20)、所述宽盖板(40)以及所述窄盖板(50)所接触的边界处均封胶。
  6. 一种基于权利要求5所述装置的用于裂隙网络剪切渗流试验方法，其特征在于，该方法包括以下步骤：
    步骤一，确定窄盖板尺寸：根据所需剪切位移的大小和方向，加工相应尺寸的所述窄盖板(50)；
    步骤二，试验装置安装：将所述模型边界等压注水装置(10)、所述模型边界等压出水装置(20)以及所述玻璃制裂隙网络模型(30)进行组装，并采用所述宽盖板(40)和所述窄盖板(50)进行固定；
    步骤三，试验准备：开启水源，待水流从所述模型边界等压注水装置(10)的所述注水口(11)注入，直至水流从所述模型边界等压出水装置(20)的所述出水口(21)溢出；
    步骤四，测注、出水口水流压力：待步骤三中整体水流稳定后，采用差压计在所述注水 口静压测试口(14)和所述出水口静压测试口(22)分别测试所述注水口(11)和所述出水口(21)的静水压力。
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