WO2022016906A1 - 一种宽带载波通信网络的信号发送方法 - Google Patents

一种宽带载波通信网络的信号发送方法 Download PDF

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WO2022016906A1
WO2022016906A1 PCT/CN2021/085514 CN2021085514W WO2022016906A1 WO 2022016906 A1 WO2022016906 A1 WO 2022016906A1 CN 2021085514 W CN2021085514 W CN 2021085514W WO 2022016906 A1 WO2022016906 A1 WO 2022016906A1
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node
tdma
time slot
nodes
sending
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PCT/CN2021/085514
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English (en)
French (fr)
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谢映海
李先怀
李宏文
崔宇昊
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珠海中慧微电子有限公司
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B3/00—Line transmission systems
    • H04B3/54—Systems for transmission via power distribution lines
    • H04B3/544—Setting up communications; Call and signalling arrangements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B3/00—Line transmission systems
    • H04B3/54—Systems for transmission via power distribution lines
    • H04B3/542—Systems for transmission via power distribution lines the information being in digital form
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B3/00—Line transmission systems
    • H04B3/54—Systems for transmission via power distribution lines
    • H04B3/546—Combination of signalling, telemetering, protection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W74/00—Wireless channel access
    • H04W74/04—Scheduled access
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W74/00—Wireless channel access
    • H04W74/08—Non-scheduled access, e.g. ALOHA

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  • the invention belongs to the technical field of broadband carrier communication, and in particular relates to a method for sending a beacon signal of a broadband carrier communication network.
  • the automatic collection system of electricity consumption information based on smart meters is an important part of the ubiquitous power Internet.
  • the carrier communication technology has become the most widely used information transmission method in this system by virtue of the natural connection of using the power line as a channel for signal transmission.
  • China's two major power grid companies - China Power Grid Corporation (referred to as State Grid) and China Southern Power Grid Corporation (referred to as China Southern Power Grid) successively released in 2017.
  • the file names are "Technical Specifications for Interconnection of Low-Voltage Power Line High-speed Carrier Communication” and "Technical Requirements for Broadband Carrier Communication of Low-Voltage Power User Centralized Meter Reading System".
  • the road layer and the physical layer have detailed protocol regulations, which have laid the foundation for the large-scale production and application of related communication equipment.
  • the above two standards are participated and formulated by the same domestic equipment manufacturers, so the design ideas and framework of the two are basically the same, and there are only some minor differences in small details to facilitate the distinction.
  • the channel access methods of various services are too simple and cannot be flexibly adapted.
  • the transmission characteristics of different network services such as channel access, in the process of network operation, in addition to the beacon signal using TDMA non-contention access mode, other types of services, including various types of service layer data packets and MAC layer management Messages and packets, etc., can only be accessed in the CSMA time slot area using the competition mode.
  • the scale of the network node is large or the data service of the network service layer is busy, the conflict of the signal transmission process is serious, which will lead to the operation efficiency of the entire network. If it is lower, the overall communication performance of the network cannot achieve the expected effect.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide an improved transmission method for broadband carrier communication network signals, under the existing standard protocol framework, to improve the channel access mode of some service type signals to improve the comprehensive communication performance of the network.
  • a signal transmission method of a broadband carrier communication network the TDMA time slot link identifier, the length of the TDMA time slot area and the reserved bits of the time slot allocation message field in the time slot allocation information of the beacon signal are defined as follows;
  • the TDMA timeslot link identifier is used to indicate the service type supported by the TDMA timeslot, and the service types include upgrade service packets, heartbeat detection packets and discovery list packets;
  • the length of the TDMA timeslot area is 0; if the value of the TDMA timeslot length is not 0 and the TDMA timeslot link identifier is an upgrade service message, the TDMA timeslot area contains X +Y timeslots, X is the number of central beacon timeslots, Y is the number of proxy beacon timeslots; if the value of the TDMA timeslot length is not 0 and the TDMA timeslot link identifier is a heartbeat detection message, Then the TDMA timeslot area contains Y timeslots; if the value of the TDMA timeslot length is not 0 and the TDMA timeslot link identifier is a discovery list message, then the TDMA timeslot area contains P timeslots;
  • Node 1 is the first node of the first M sending nodes arranged for this superframe
  • node 2 Represents the last node of the first M sending nodes arranged in this superframe
  • M t ⁇ T ⁇ K ⁇ N
  • t is the time length of this superframe
  • T is the routing period
  • K is every T seconds of each network access node
  • N is the number of network access nodes
  • the CCO sets the routing period to T seconds, and stipulates that each network access node needs to send K discovery list messages every T seconds;
  • the CCO sorts the network access nodes in the network access node set from small to large based on the short address size to obtain a sending queue, and arranges the first M nodes in the sending queue to send the discovery list report in the TDMA time slot area in this superframe. text, and then delete these M nodes from the sending queue;
  • Steps S1 to S3 are repeated until the number of nodes in the sending queue is zero.
  • time slots in the TDMA time slot area are allocated as follows:
  • the first X time slots are allocated to the CCO, and the remaining Y time slots are sequentially Sequentially assigned to Y proxy beacon signal sending nodes;
  • the Y time slots in the TDMA time slot area are sequentially assigned to Y proxy beacon signal sending nodes in reverse order;
  • the P time slots in the TDMA time slot area are sequentially allocated to the P proxy messages sorted by short addresses from small to large.
  • the target signal sending node, P (E2-E1+1), E1 is the short address of node 1, and E2 is the short address of node 2.
  • step S1 if a node is off-grid during the network operation, the CCO reclaims the address of the off-grid node and assigns it to a new node that applies for joining the network.
  • a sending queue is generated based on the set of network access nodes again, and then the same scheduling mechanism is used to schedule the sending again.
  • reserved bit 1 and reserved bit 2 in the time slot allocation message field using the national network standard when the value of the reserved bit 1 is all zero, it is meaningless, and when it is not all zero, it represents a part of the short address of node 1; When the value of reserved bit 2 is all zero, it is meaningless. When it is not all zero, the first 2 bits represent the remaining short address of node 1, the 3-14 bits represent the short address of node 2, and the last 2 bits are all zeros;
  • the method of the present invention assigns the TDMA time slot link identifier, the length of the TDMA time slot area and the reserved bits of the time slot allocation message field in the time slot allocation information of the beacon signal.
  • the above packets can be in the original Sending in CSMA time slots can also be sent in TDMA time slots, changing from the original single CSMA competition mechanism to flexibly supporting the two mechanisms of CSMA competition and TDMA non-competition at the same time.
  • the method of the invention is compatible with existing protocols, market and technical risks are low; and based on the new signal transmission mechanism, the success rate of sending these messages is improved, the accuracy of network routing topology information maintenance is improved, and the CSMA time slot is effectively reduced.
  • the service load level of the area is improved, thereby improving the comprehensive transmission performance of the data service at the service layer.
  • Fig. 1 is the tree-shaped network topology schematic diagram of the broadband high-speed carrier communication network of the electricity information collection system
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the superframe time slot structure in the "Technical Specification for Interconnection and Interconnection of Low-Voltage Power Line High-speed Carrier Communication";
  • 3 is a schematic diagram of the definition of reserved bits in the national grid standard of the method of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the definition of reserved bits in the Southnet standard of the method of the present invention.
  • the broadband high-speed carrier communication network of the power consumption information collection system generally forms a central coordinator (CCO) as the center, with the agent coordinator (agent node, PCO) as the relay agent, connecting all slave sites ( STA) multi-level association tree network.
  • CCO central coordinator
  • agent node PCO
  • STA slave sites
  • the central coordinator uses a superframe time slot structure based on the beacon period for network communication, and uses the beacon signal to maintain the synchronization and orderly operation of the entire network.
  • the time slot division of the superframe is shown in Figure 2.
  • a beacon period includes 4 kinds of time slots, which are in turn: beacon time slot area , TDMA timeslot area, CSMA timeslot area and Bonded CSMA timeslot area.
  • the "Technical Requirements for Broadband Carrier Communication of Centralized Meter Reading System for Low-Voltage Power Users" of China Southern Network also adopts a similar structure for the time slot division of superframes, but the order of the four time slots is different, which are the beacon time slot area and the CSMA time slot. slot area, TDMA slot area and bonded CSMA slot area.
  • the central coordinator realizes the synchronization and orderly management of the entire network time slot structure by using beacon signals.
  • beacon signals There are three types of beacon signals: central beacon, proxy beacon and discovery beacon.
  • the central coordinator starts to send the central beacon signal, and the content of the signal signaling will carry the time slot parameter information of the beacon period and some other network management information.
  • the time slot parameter information mainly includes the time length of the beacon time slot, the number of three types of beacon time slots (the values of X, Y and Z), Y proxy beacon time slots and Z discovery beacon time slots.
  • the central coordinator can use the X+Y beacon time slots to realize the downlink broadcast transmission of its own beacon signaling information in a beacon period, covering the whole network.
  • the scope includes the networked nodes of the entire network.
  • the content length of the time slot allocation message is a dynamic value, and its length is also the signaling content with the largest content length in the payload field.
  • Tables 4 and 5 it can be seen that the design ideas of the time slot allocation message in the State Grid and the Southern Network are basically the same, but there are some differences in details such as the order and length of some signaling fields.
  • the value of reserved bits defaults to 0.
  • the CCO will set the TDMA slot length to a non-zero value only when the network performs a software upgrade, thereby arranging the CCO and agent nodes to use the TDMA slot. to transmit the upgrade packet data.
  • the length of the TDMA time slot is 0, so except for the beacon signal, all other types of signals in the network can only be sent randomly in the CSMA time slot area.
  • the services transmitted in the CSMA time slot area also include different types of MAC layer management messages. See Table 6 for related descriptions. Unless otherwise specified in Table 6, the messages are defined by both the State Grid and the Southern Grid.
  • the size of the routing period is generally determined by the CCO on demand, and the value ranges from 20 to 420 seconds, and the beacon signal is used to notify the nodes of the entire network. This parameter is used to define the time window size of the node for routing evaluation.
  • the proxy node uses a bitmap to indicate the activity of the node (activity refers to whether the node has sent a signal in the past period of time, and the CCO can judge whether the network node has been disconnected or faulty),
  • the basic principle of the bitmap method is: set the maximum short address of the child node in the child node set of a proxy node to J, then the proxy node uses J bits in the heartbeat detection message sent by it to identify the activeness of the node.
  • the proxy node can combine the content of its own packet with the content of the packet received by the lower-level proxy node during the upstream multi-hop transmission of the packet. , thereby reducing the number of signal transmissions and channel overhead.
  • Each proxy node sends a heartbeat detection packet to the CCO every 1/8 routing cycle.
  • the optimal transmission mode of the heartbeat detection packet is: within 1/8 routing cycle time, the proxy farthest away from the CCO.
  • the node first sends a heartbeat detection packet, and then in the process of hop-by-hop uplink multi-hop transmission, the proxy nodes on the path continue to merge content, so that the sent heartbeat detection packet not only carries the heartbeat detection of the lower-level proxy node
  • the message information also carries the content of the message to be reported, so each proxy node only needs to send a heartbeat detection message once in 1/8 of the routing period.
  • the near-end proxy node sends its own heartbeat detection message first, and then needs to relay and transmit the message of the remote proxy node, the number of signal sending times will be greater than one. In this way, the load level of the heartbeat detection message is relatively large, and the original CSMA contention channel access mode needs to be improved.
  • the discovery list message is the most important message among many MAC layer management messages.
  • each networked site including the CCO, has a neighbor site, the neighbor site or the CCO, or the proxy site, or are other STA sites.
  • a neighbor site of a site is a site capable of carrier communication with the site.
  • each site can perceive its own neighbor sites according to the received discovery beacons, and record them to form a discovery list.
  • a site's relay route can be selected in its own discovery list. If each site broadcasts the site's discovery list, it will help to form more comprehensive network topology information and help the site to find more suitable routes.
  • the discovery list message is mainly used for route evaluation, and the sending period of the discovery list message is determined according to the routing period. Both the State Grid and the Southern Network stipulate that the routing period can be gradually increased within 20 to 420 seconds according to the increase of the network scale. In a routing cycle, the network access node must send the discovery list at least 10 times.
  • the networking After the networking is completed, including the CCO and all STAs connected to the network, it is required to periodically send discovery list packets, which carry information such as the discovery list of the site.
  • the site obtains more comprehensive neighbor site information by receiving the discovery list message, and forms a more detailed discovery list, so as to select a better site as its own proxy site, or as a backup routing site.
  • the link quality evaluation is also performed between nodes through the success rate of receiving the message.
  • the protocols in the two standards stipulate that only the CSMA time slot area can be used to send the discovery list message through the competition mechanism, which brings the following problems:
  • the number of nodes sending the message is high and the sending frequency is high, resulting in a high level of business load, which is easy to interfere with the transmission process of business layer data messages, reducing its communication success rate and transmission delay performance;
  • the local broadcast transmission method of signals means that there are a large number of receiving nodes. Under the multi-hop topology, the probability of signal interference will further increase significantly;
  • the present invention adds a new definition to the reserved bits of the time slot allocation message field in the signaling content of the beacon signal, and adds a service support type in the TDMA time slot area, and detects the heartbeat.
  • the sending mode of messages and discovery list messages is changed from the original CSMA contention access mode to the TDMA non-contention access mode.
  • the steps of the signal transmission method of the broadband carrier communication network of the present invention are as follows:
  • the TDMA timeslot area contains X+Y timeslots ( X is the number of central beacon time slots), the first X time slots are allocated to the CCO, and the remaining Y time slots are sequentially allocated to the Y proxy beacon signal sending nodes; if the value is not 0 and the TDMA time slot link flag
  • the symbol is a heartbeat detection message, the TDMA time slot area contains Y time slots, and the Y time slots are assigned to Y proxy beacon signal sending nodes in reverse order; if the value is not 0 and the TDMA time slot link identifier
  • the TDMA time slot link identifier is used to indicate the service type supported by the TDMA time slot, and the service type includes upgrade service, heartbeat detection message and discovery list message;
  • reserved bit 1 in the time slot allocation message field using the national network standard, when the value of the reserved bit 1 is all zero, it is meaningless, and if it is not all zero, it represents part of the short address of node 1; for reserved bit 2, when When the value of reserved bit 2 is all zeros, it is meaningless. When it is not all zeros, the first 2 bits represent the remaining short address of node 1, the 3-14 bits represent the short address of node 2, and the last 2 bits are all zeros, meaningless (Fig.
  • node 1 is the first node of the first M sending nodes (agent beacon signal sending nodes) in the sending queue Q arranged for this superframe
  • node 2 represents the first M sending nodes in the sending queue Q arranged for this superframe
  • the last node of the node (the proxy beacon signal sending node) is the node set obtained by sorting the network access nodes in the network access node set S based on the short address size from small to large;
  • the present invention does not make any modification to the existing definitions of the existing protocols.
  • the above table only lists the descriptions of the newly defined fields, and the positions and definitions of the other fields are not changed. To save space, they are not given.
  • CCO will assign it a network-wide unique short address (TEI) to identify its identity, with a length of 12 bits.
  • TEI network-wide unique short address
  • the time slot allocation method in the TDMA time slot area is as follows:
  • the service type supported by the TDMA time slot is an upgrade file
  • the service type supported by the TDMA time slot is heartbeat detection message
  • E2-E1+1 TDMA timeslots in the TDMA timeslot area and are sequentially assigned to the short addresses E1, E1+1, E1+2,...,E2 -1, E2 is used by a total of E2-E1+1 proxy nodes (proxy beacon signal sending nodes), where E1 is the short address of node 1, and E2 is the short address of node 2.
  • E2-E1+1 proxy nodes proxy beacon signal sending nodes
  • the time slot allocation rule corresponding to the heartbeat detection message of the present invention can ensure that the proxy nodes with the largest number of hops away from the CCO first send the heartbeat detection message in turn, and then their previous hop proxy nodes start to send the heartbeat detection message, ... until A proxy node that is only 1 hop away from the CCO.
  • This method is the most ideal way to send heartbeat detection packets.
  • the number of heartbeat detection packets sent by each proxy node in every 1/8 routing period is reduced to the minimum. 1 time.
  • the CCO will use the following method to send the signal:
  • CCO sets the routing period to T seconds, and stipulates that each network access node needs to send K times (K ⁇ 10) discovery list packets every T seconds, that is, each network access node needs to send an average of every T/K seconds.
  • CCO sorts the network access nodes in the network access node set S from small to large based on the size of the short address, obtains the sorted sending queue Q, and arranges the corresponding network access node set S according to the superframe time and T/K value.
  • a proportional number of nodes to send the discovery beacon signal that is, the first M nodes in the Q queue will be arranged in this superframe to send the discovery list message in the TDMA time slot area, and then these M nodes will be deleted from the sending queue Q;
  • M t ⁇ T ⁇ K ⁇ N, if M is a non-integer, round up, where t is the time length of the superframe, and N is the number of network access nodes;
  • the node will not be scheduled to send the discovery list message during the remaining time of the sending cycle, but will be scheduled after the next sending cycle.
  • the short addresses of adjacent nodes arranged by the CCO are continuous and increasing.
  • the short address value of the first node of the first M sending nodes in the queue Q, and the short address of node 2 represents the short address value of the last node of the first M sending nodes in the sending queue Q arranged in this superframe.
  • the information that can be carried includes: the number of TDMA time slots in this superframe, and the short addresses of the allocated nodes corresponding to these time slots, which fully meet the allocation requirements of TDMA time slots, thus realizing a very efficient information carrying method.
  • the method of the invention adds definitions to the meaningless reserved bits in the original protocol, and adds some rules.
  • the network can change the modes of the two MAC layer management messages with the highest service load level from the original ones.
  • the single CSMA contention access mode is changed to flexibly support both CSMA contention and TDMA contention-free way. If the CCO chooses to use the TDAM non-contention method, the accuracy of the link quality evaluation between the node and its neighbor nodes will be significantly improved, and the service load level in the CSMA time slot area will be significantly reduced, laying a foundation for improving the transmission performance of other types of packets. Base.

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Abstract

一种宽带载波通信网络的信号发送方法，对信标信号的时隙分配信息中时隙分配消息字段的TDMA时隙链路标识符、TDMA时隙区长度及保留比特增加新定义，CCO根据节点入网时间的先后将短地址池中的地址从小到大分配给申请入网的节点，并设置路由周期及每个入网节点每T秒需要发送发现列表报文的次数；CCO将入网节点集合中的入网节点基于短地址大小从小到大排序，得到发送队列，在本超帧中安排发送队列中的前M个节点在TDMA时隙区发送发现列表报文，然后将这M个节点从发送队列中删除；重复前述步骤，直至发送队列中的节点数量为零。本发明在现有标准的协议框架下，对某些业务类型信号的信道接入方式进行改进，提高了网络综合通信性能。

Description

一种宽带载波通信网络的信号发送方法 技术领域
本发明属于宽带载波通信技术领域，尤指涉及一种宽带载波通信网络的信标信号的发送方法。
背景技术
基于智能电表的用电信息自动采集系统是泛在电力互联网的重要组成部分，载波通信技术凭借使用电力线作为信道进行信号传输的这种天然联系，成为了该系统中使用最广泛的信息传输手段。为更好的满足智能电表自动载波集抄系统的信息采集业务需求，中国的两大电网企业——中国电网公司(简称国网)和中国南方电网公司(简称南网)在2017年先后发布了针对低压电力线宽带高速载波技术的通信标准，文件名称分别为《低压电力线高速载波通信互联互通技术规范》和《低压电力用户集中抄表系统宽带载波通信技术要求》，以上标准对业务层、数据链路层和物理层进行了详细的协议规定，为相关通信设备的大规模生产和应用奠定了基础。以上两个标准是由国内相同设备厂家参与和制定，因此两者的设计思路和框架基本相同，只在小细节上存在一些微小差异，以便于进行区分。
随着2017年相关标准的正式颁布，宽带高速载波通信技术在中国的发展进入了快车道，到2019年底，全国各地的电网企业对相关设备的年采购售额就已经达到亿元规模。比起传统窄带载波通信，新一代载波通信模块的物理层速率从几十kbps提升至Mbps水平，电表自动集抄系统的整体通信能力有了明显的提升，组网时间和抄表时间等关键性能指标都有了明显的改善。但作为第一代的通信协议，在链路层上的方案采用了比较通用的设计理念，没有针对网络业务的发送特性进行专门优化设计，各种业务的信道接入方式过于单一，无法灵活适应网络不同业务的发送特性，例如在信道接入方面，网络运行过程中除信标信号使用TDMA无竞争接入方式外，其它一些类型的业务，包括各种类型业务层数据报文和MAC层管理消息报文等，都只能在CSMA时隙区使用竞争 方式进行信道接入，在网络节点规模较大或网络业务层数据业务繁忙时，信号发送过程冲突比较严重，会导致整个网络的运行效率较低，网络综合通信性能达不到预期效果。
而依照现有的国网和南网的通信协议而研发生产的相关产品已经在全国各省电网公司中获得大量销售和部署，对通信协议的较大幅度修改就意味着需要对通信设备重新进行大量实验室和现场组网测试，存在较大的技术风险和市场风险。因此如何在现有标准的协议框架下，提升网络综合通信性能是很有挑战性的技术问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种宽带载波通信网络信号的改进发送方法，在现有标准的协议框架下，对某些业务类型信号的信道接入方式进行改进，来提高网络的综合通信性能。
为了实现上述目的，本发明采取如下的技术解决方案：
一种宽带载波通信网络的信号发送方法，将信标信号的时隙分配信息中时隙分配消息字段的TDMA时隙链路标识符、TDMA时隙区长度以及保留比特定义如下；
TDMA时隙链路标识符用于指示TDMA时隙支持的业务类型，业务类型包括升级业务报文、心跳检测报文和发现列表报文；
当TDMA时隙长度的数值为0时，TDMA时隙区长度为0；如果TDMA时隙长度的数值不为0且TDMA时隙链路标志符为升级业务报文，则TDMA时隙区含X+Y个时隙，X为中央信标时隙的数量，Y为代理信标时隙的数量；如果TDMA时隙长度的数值不为0且TDMA时隙链路标志符为心跳检测报文，则TDMA时隙区含Y个时隙；如果TDMA时隙长度的数值不为0且TDMA时隙链路标志符为发现列表报文，则TDMA时隙区含P个时隙；
当保留比特的数值为全零时无意义，非全零时表示节点1的短地址和节点2的短地址，节点1为本超帧安排的前M个发送节点的第1个节点，节点2表示本超帧安排的前M个发送节点的最后1个节点，M＝t÷T×K×N，t为本超帧的时间长度，T为路由周期，K为每个入网节点每T秒需要发送发现列表报文的次数，N为入网节点的数量；
CCO发送信号的步骤如下：
S1、分配短地址；CCO在对申请入网的节点分配短地址时，根据节点入网时间的先后将短地址池中的地址从小到大分配给申请入网的节点；
S2、设置路由周期；CCO将路由周期设置为T秒，规定每个入网节点每T秒需要发送K次发现列表报文；
S3、信号发送；CCO将入网节点集合中的入网节点基于短地址大小从小到大排序，得到发送队列，在本超帧中安排发送队列中的前M个节点在TDMA时隙区发送发现列表报文，然后将这M个节点从发送队列中删除；
重复步骤S1至S3，直至发送队列中的节点数量为零。
进一步的，按以下方法分配TDMA时隙区中的时隙：
当TDMA时隙长度的数值不为0且TDMA时隙链路标志符为升级文件，TDMA时隙区中的X+Y个时隙，前X个时隙分配给CCO，剩余Y个时隙依次顺序分配给Y个代理信标信号发送节点；
当TDMA时隙长度的数值不为0且TDMA时隙链路标志符为心跳检测报文，TDMA时隙区中的Y个时隙依次逆序分配给Y个代理信标信号发送节点；
当TDMA时隙长度的数值不为0且TDMA时隙链路标志符为发现列表报文，TDMA时隙区中的P个时隙依次顺序分配给按短地址从小到大排序的P个代理信标信号发送节点，P＝(E2-E1+1)，E1为节点1的短地址，E2为节点2的短地址。
进一步的，步骤S1中，如果网络运行过程有节点离网，CCO将离网节点的地址回收，并分配给新的申请入网的节点。
进一步的，如果M为非整数，则上取整。
进一步的，当发送队列中的节点数量为零后，再次基于入网节点集合生成发送队列，然后采用相同的安排机制再次安排发送。
进一步的，对于采用国网标准的时隙分配消息字段中的保留比特1和保留比特2，当保留比特1的数值为全零时无意义，非全零时其表示节点1的部分短地址；当保留比特2的数值为全零时无意义，非全零时其前2bit表示节点1的剩余部分短地址，第3-14bit表示节点2的短地址，最后2bit为全零；
对于采用南网标准的时隙分配信息字段中的保留比特，当保留比特的数值为全零时无意义，非全零时其前12bit表示节点1的短地址，第13-24bit表示节点2的短地址，最后8bit为全零。
由以上技术方案可知，本发明方法在现有协议框架和体系下，对信标信号的时隙分配信息中时隙分配消息字段的TDMA时隙链路标识符、TDMA时隙区长度以及保留比特的定义，以及需要频繁周期性发送且业务负荷水平最高的MAC层的管理消息报文---发现列表报文和心跳检测报文的信道接入方式进行改进，以上报文既可以在原来的CSMA时隙发送，也可以在TDMA时隙发送，从原来的单一CSMA竞争机制改变为同时灵活支持CSMA竞争和TDMA无竞争这两种机制。由于本发明方法兼容现有协议，市场和技术风险低；而且基于新的信号发送机制提高了这些报文的发送成功率，改善了网络路由拓扑信息维护的准确性，还有效降低了CSMA时隙区的业务负荷水平，从而提升了业务层数据业务的综合传输性能。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图做简单介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为用电信息采集系统的宽带高速载波通信网络的树形网络拓扑示意图；
图2为《低压电力线高速载波通信互联互通技术规范》中超帧时隙结构示意图；
图3为本发明方法的国网标准中保留比特的定义示意图；
图4为本发明方法的南网标准中保留比特的定义示意图。
具体实施方式
为了让本发明的上述和其它目的、特征及优点能更明显，下文特举本发明实施例，并配合所附图示，做详细说明如下。
如图1所示，用电信息采集系统的宽带高速载波通信网络一般会形成以中央协调器(CCO)为中心、以代理协调器(代理节点，PCO)为中继代理，连接 所有从站点(STA)的多级关联树形网络。中央协调器作为网络运行的中心控制节点，使用一种基于信标周期的超帧时隙结构来进行网络通信，同时使用信标信号来维持整个网络的同步和有序运行。在国网的《低压电力线高速载波通信互联互通技术规范》中，对超帧的时隙划分情况如图2所示，一个信标周期包括4种时隙，依次分别为：信标时隙区、TDMA时隙区、CSMA时隙区和绑定CSMA时隙区。南网的《低压电力用户集中抄表系统宽带载波通信技术要求》对于超帧的时隙划分也采用了类似的结构，只是4种时隙的排序不同，依次为信标时隙区、CSMA时隙区、TDMA时隙区和绑定CSMA时隙区。
中央协调器通过使用信标信号来实现整个网络时隙结构的同步有序管理，信标信号有3种类型：中央信标、代理信标和发现信标。在每个信标周期的起始时间位置，中央协调器开始进行中央信标信号的发送，其信号信令内容中将携带本信标周期的时隙参数信息和其它一些网络管理信息。其中，时隙参数信息主要包括信标时隙的时间长度、三种类型信标时隙的数量(X、Y和Z的数值),Y个代理信标时隙和Z个发现信标时隙所一一对应的Y+Z个发送节点的网络短地址(TEI)，以及TDAM时隙区、CSMA时隙区和绑定CSMA时隙区的相关参数。
网络中一个节点收到另一个节点所发送的信标信号后，如果通过信令内容解析发现自己是上述Y+Z个发送节点中的一员，且自己所分配的信标时隙在时间轴上尚未来临，则会在该信标时隙的时间到达后在属于自己的时隙上中继发送代理信标信号或发现信标信号。基于这种机制以及合适的代理中继节点的选择，中央协调器可以利用这X+Y个信标时隙在一个信标周期内实现自己的信标信令信息的下行全网广播发送，覆盖范围包括全网已入网节点。
国网标准和南网标准都对信标信号的载荷字段做了定义，具体定义见表1(在两种协议中，将信标信号载荷部分规定为只能采用136个字节或520个字节的编码模块)，对载荷字段中的信标管理信息的定义见表2，对信标管理信息中管理信息类型的定义见表3，国网对管理信息类型中时隙分配消息的定义见表4，南网对管理信息类型中时隙分配消息的定义见表5。
表1信标信号载荷字段的定义
Figure PCTCN2021085514-appb-000001
表2信标管理消息的字段定义
Figure PCTCN2021085514-appb-000002
表3管理消息的类型定义和内容说明
Figure PCTCN2021085514-appb-000003
Figure PCTCN2021085514-appb-000004
表4时隙分配消息字段的内容定义(国网)
Figure PCTCN2021085514-appb-000005
Figure PCTCN2021085514-appb-000006
表5时隙分配消息字段的内容定义(南网)
Figure PCTCN2021085514-appb-000007
从表3可知，时隙分配消息的内容长度为动态值，其长度也是载荷字段中内容长度最大的信令内容。通过对比表4和表5可知，国网和南网在时隙分配消息上设计思路基本一致，只是在一些信令字段的顺序和长度等细节上有一些差别。保留比特的数值默认为0。
根据现有协议对‘TDMA时隙链路标志符’字段的定义，只有在网络进行软件升级时，CCO才会将TDMA时隙长度设置为非零值，从而安排CCO和代理节点使用TDMA时隙来传输升级分包数据。而在网络运行过程中，TDMA时隙长度为0，因此除了信标信号外，网络中所有其它类型的信号都只能在CSMA时隙区上进行随机竞争发送。
而在CSMA时隙区传输的业务除了有业务层发起的业务报文外，还有不同类型的MAC层管理消息，相关说明见表6。表6中如无额外说明的消息为国网和南网都有定义的消息。
表6 MAC管理消息说明
Figure PCTCN2021085514-appb-000008
Figure PCTCN2021085514-appb-000009
路由周期的大小一般由CCO自主按需决策，取值范围在20～420秒之间，并会利用信标信号通知全网节点，该参数是用于定义节点进行路由评估的时间窗口大小。心跳检测报文中代理节点使用了位图方式来指示节点的活跃性(活跃性是指节点在过去一段时间内是否有信号发送行为，CCO可以据此判断入网节点是否已经离网或故障)，位图方式的基本原理为：设某个代理节点的子节点集合中子节点的短地址最大值为J，则代理节点在其发送的心跳检测报文中使用了J个比特来标识节点的活跃性，即代理节点如果过去一段时间内收到某个短地址为j的节点的信号(j≤J)，则第j个比特数值为1，反之为0。由于每个代理节点都需要周期性向CCO发送心跳检测报文，因此该报文在上行多跳传输过程中，代理节点可以将自己报文的内容和自己收到的下级代理节点报文内容进行合并，从而减少信号发送次数，降低信道开销。
从表6的内容可知，MAC层诸多不同类型的管理消息中，除了心跳检测、发现列表和通信成功率这3种类型的消息需要周期性发送外，其它类型的消息的发送都是按需临时触发的，且发送概率很低，因此业务负荷水平可以忽略不计，无需考虑对其信道接入方式进行改进；而通信成功率消息由代理节点发送，每个代理节点每4个路由周期才需要向CCO发送1次报文，该业务负荷水平也比较低，也无需考虑对其信道接入方式进行改进。
每个代理节点每1/8个路由周期就要向CCO发送1次心跳检测报文，心跳检测报文的最佳传输方式为：在1/8路由周期时间内，离CCO最远端的代理节点最先发送心跳检测报文，然后在报文逐跳上行多跳传输过程中，路径上的代理节点不断进行内容合并，这样，发送的心跳检测报文就既携带了下级代理节 点的心跳检测报文信息，也携带了自己要上报的报文内容，从而每个代理节点都在1/8个路由周期内只需要发送1次心跳检测报文。如果无法实现该发送次序，如近端代理节点先发送自己的心跳检测报文，而随后还需要中继传输远端代理节点的报文，信号发送次数就会大于1次。这样心跳检测消息的负荷水平较大，需要对其原先的CSMA的竞争信道接入方式进行改进。
发现列表消息是诸多MAC层管理消息中最重要的一种消息，在宽带载波通信网络中，每个入网的站点，包括CCO，都有邻居站点，邻居站点或是CCO，或是代理站点，或是其他的STA站点。某个站点的邻居站点，即是与该站点能够进行载波通信的站点。
组网过程中，每个站点可以根据接收的发现信标，感知自己的邻居站点，并记录下来，形成一个发现列表。站点的中继路由可以在自己的发现列表中进行选择。如果每个站点将本站点的发现列表广播发布，会有利于形成更全面的网络拓扑信息以及有利于站点寻找更合适的路由。发现列表报文主要用于路由评估，发现列表报文的发送周期根据路由周期确定。国网和南网都规定，路由周期可根据网络规模的增大，在20～420秒内逐渐增大。而在一个路由周期中，入网节点至少要发送10次发现列表。
组网完成后，包括CCO和所有入网的STA站点，都需要定期发送发现列表报文，发现列表报文中携带了本站点的发现列表等信息。站点通过发现列表报文的接收，获得更全面的邻居站点信息，形成更详细的发现列表，以便选择更好的站点作为自己的代理站点，或者备份路由站点。在路由机制中，节点之间还通过该报文的接收成功率来进行链路质量评估。
目前两种标准中的协议都规定只能使用CSMA时隙区通过竞争机制来进行发现列表报文的发送，这带来了以下问题：
1.发送该报文的节点数量多，发送频度高，导致业务负荷水平很大，容易对业务层数据报文的传输过程产生干扰，减低其通信成功率和传输时延性能；
2.和点对点传输的单个接收节点相比，信号的本地广播发送方式意味着有大量的接收节点，在多跳拓扑下，信号受到干扰的概率将进一步明显增大；
3.由于干扰概率较大，基于该报文接收成功率来进行链路质量评估的机制的精确性就较差，如在节点数量较多且分布比较密集的区域，这些节点周期性 竞争发送发现列表信号时，因碰撞概率大会导致接收成功率下降，使得链路质量好的路径被评估为质量差的路径，从而影响路由层的效率。
由于发现列表消息的负荷水平非常大，其原有的CSMA的竞争信道接入方式存在改进的需求。
基于此，本发明在当前标准的协议框架下，在信标信号的信令内容中对时隙分配消息字段的保留比特增加新的定义，以及增加TDMA时隙区的业务支持类型，将心跳检测消息和发现列表消息的发送方式从原来的CSMA竞争接入方式改为TDMA无竞争接入方式。
本发明宽带载波通信网络的信号发送方法的步骤如下：
对信标信号的时隙分配信息中的时隙分配消息字段的TDMA时隙长度、TDMA时隙链路标识符以及保留比特增加定义，具体如下：
当TDMA时隙长度的数值为0时，则TDMA时隙区长度为0；如果数值不为0且TDMA时隙链路标志符为升级文件，则TDMA时隙区含X+Y个时隙(X为中央信标时隙的数量)，前X个时隙分配给CCO，剩余Y个时隙依次顺序分配给Y个代理信标信号发送节点；如果数值不为0且TDMA时隙链路标志符为心跳检测报文，则TDMA时隙区含Y个时隙，且这Y个时隙依次逆序分配给Y个代理信标信号发送节点；如果数值不为0且TDMA时隙链路标志符为发现列表报文，则TDMA时隙区含P个时隙，这P个时隙依次顺序分配给按短地址从小到大排序的P个代理信标信号发送节点，P＝(E2-E1+1)；
TDMA时隙链路标识符用于指示TDMA时隙支持的业务类型，业务类型包括升级业务、心跳检测报文和发现列表报文；
对于采用国网标准的时隙分配消息字段中的保留比特1，当保留比特1的数值为全零时则无意义，非全零时其表示节点1的部分短地址；对于保留比特2，当保留比特2的数值为全零时则无意义，非全零时其前2bit表示节点1的剩余部分短地址，第3-14bit表示节点2的短地址，最后2bit为全零，无意义(图3)；节点1为本超帧安排的发送队列Q中前M个发送节点(代理信标信号发送节点)的第1个节点，节点2表示本超帧安排的发送队列Q中前M个发送节点(代理信标信号发送节点)的最后1个节点，发送队列Q是将入网节点集合S中的入网节点基于短地址大小从小到大排序后得到的节点集合；
对于采用南网标准的时隙分配信息字段中的保留比特，当保留比特的数值为全零时则无意义，非全零时其前12bit表示节点1的短地址，第13-24bit表示节点2的短地址，最后8bit为全零，无意义(图4)。具体见表7和表8。
表7时隙分配消息字段的内容定义(国网)
Figure PCTCN2021085514-appb-000010
表8时隙分配消息字段的内容定义(南网)
Figure PCTCN2021085514-appb-000011
本发明没有对现有协议已有定义进行任何修改，上表只列出了新增定义字段的说明，其余部分的字段位置和定义都没有任何变动，为节约篇幅，没有给 出。CCO在每个节点入网后，都会为其分配一个全网唯一的短地址(TEI)来标识身份，长度为12bit。
即在TDMA时隙长度的数值非零且TDMA时隙链路标志符分别为升级文件、心跳检测报文、发现列表报文时，TDMA时隙区中的时隙分配方法如下：
代理节点共有Y个，依次为A_1，A_2，…，A_Y-1，A_Y：
如果TDMA时隙支持的业务类型为升级文件，TDMA时隙区中有Y个TDAM时隙按顺序分配给各代理节点(代理信标信号发送节点)使用，即节点分配次序为A_1，A_2，…，A_Y-1，A_Y；
如果TDMA时隙支持的业务类型为心跳检测消息，TDMA时隙区中有Y个TDAM时隙按逆序分配给各代理节点(代理信标信号发送节点)使用，即节点分配次序为A_Y，A_Y-1，…，A_2，A_1；
如果TDMA时隙支持的业务类型为发现列表消息，TDMA时隙区中有(E2-E1+1)个TDMA时隙依次顺序分配给短地址为E1，E1+1,E1+2,…,E2-1，E2的共E2-E1+1个代理节点(代理信标信号发送节点)使用，其中，E1为节点1的短地址，E2为节点2的短地址。
本发明的心跳检测消息对应的时隙分配规则可以保证离CCO跳数最大的代理节点依次先发送心跳检测报文，然后是它们的上一跳代理节点开始发送心跳检测报文，……，直至离CCO只有1跳的代理节点。这种方式是最理想的心跳检测报文的发送方式，在满足协议规定的前提下，将每个代理节点的心跳检测报文在每1/8个路由周期时间内的发送次数降至最少的1次。
基于本发明新增的时隙分配消息字段保留比特的定义以及报文信号发送方式，CCO将采用以下方法发送信号：
S1、分配短地址；CCO在对申请入网的节点分配短地址时，根据节点入网时间的先后将短地址池中的地址从小到大分配给申请入网的节点；进一步的，如果网络运行过程有节点离网，CCO则将该离网节点的地址回收，并分配给新的申请入网的节点，由此尽量避免入网节点的最小短地址和最大短地址之间出现没有分配的空闲地址；
S2、设置路由周期；CCO将路由周期设置为T秒，规定每个入网节点每T秒需要发送K次(K≥10)发现列表报文，即每个入网节点平均每T/K秒就要 发送1次发现列表报文；国网和南网协议都只规定了取值范围为20～420秒，但没有对T值大小做强制规定，可由CCO厂家自主设定，且国网和南网协议只规定节点在每个路由周期内至少发送10次，但没有对具体值做强制规定，也可由CCO厂家自主设定；
S3、信号发送；CCO将入网节点集合S中的入网节点基于短地址大小从小到大排序，得到排序后的发送队列Q，按本超帧时间和T/K数值来安排入网节点集合S中对应比例数量的节点来发送发现信标信号，即将在本超帧中安排Q队列中的前M个节点在TDMA时隙区发送发现列表报文，然后将这M个节点从发送队列Q中删除；M＝t÷T×K×N，如果M为非整数，则上取整，其中，t为本超帧的时间长度，N为入网节点的数量；
重复以上步骤S1至S3，直至发送队列Q中的节点数量为零，当发送队列Q中的节点数量为零后，再次基于入网节点集合S生成发送队列Q，然后采用相同的安排机制再次安排发送。
更具体的，如果在1个发送周期中有新节点加入集合S，在本发送周期的剩余时间内不安排该节点发送发现列表报文，而是待下一个发送周期来临后再开始安排。
从上述发送发现列表报文节点的选择机制可以看出来，CCO所安排的相邻节点的短地址之间都是连续的且递增的，因此使用节点1短地址来表示本超帧中所安排发送队列Q中前M个发送节点的第1个节点的短地址值，节点2短地址表示本超帧所安排发送队列Q中前M个发送节点的最后1个节点的短地址值，这种方式可携带的信息包括：本超帧中的TDMA时隙数量，以及这些时隙所一一对应的分配节点短地址，充分满足了TDMA时隙的分配要求，从而实现了非常高效的信息携带方式。
本发明方法通过对原协议中无意义的保留比特增加定义，并增加一些规则后，在兼容原协议的情况下，网络可以将业务负荷水平最高的两种MAC层管理消息报文的方式从原来的单一CSMA竞争接入方式改变为灵活同时支持CSMA竞争和TDMA无竞争方式。如果CCO选择采用TDAM无竞争方式，则节点和邻居节点之间的链路质量评价的精确性将明显提升，同时CSMA时隙区的业务负荷水平显著下降，为其它类型报文的传输性能提升奠定基础。
对所公开的实施例的上述说明，使本领域专业技术人员能够实现或使用本发明。对这些实施例的多种修改对本领域的专业技术人员来说将是显而易见的，本文中所定义的一般原理可以在不脱离本发明的精神或范围的情况下，在其它实施例中实现。因此，本发明将不会被限制于本文所示的实施例，而是要符合与本文所公开的原理和新颖特点相一致的最宽范围。

Claims (6)

  1. 一种宽带载波通信网络的信号发送方法，其特征在于：
    将信标信号的时隙分配信息中时隙分配消息字段的TDMA时隙链路标识符、TDMA时隙区长度以及保留比特定义如下；
    TDMA时隙链路标识符用于指示TDMA时隙支持的业务类型，业务类型包括升级业务报文、心跳检测报文和发现列表报文；
    当TDMA时隙长度的数值为0时，TDMA时隙区长度为0；如果TDMA时隙长度的数值不为0且TDMA时隙链路标志符为升级业务报文，则TDMA时隙区含X+Y个时隙，X为中央信标时隙的数量，Y为代理信标时隙的数量；如果TDMA时隙长度的数值不为0且TDMA时隙链路标志符为心跳检测报文，则TDMA时隙区含Y个时隙；如果TDMA时隙长度的数值不为0且TDMA时隙链路标志符为发现列表报文，则TDMA时隙区含P个时隙；
    当保留比特的数值为全零时无意义，非全零时表示节点1的短地址和节点2的短地址，节点1为本超帧安排的前M个发送节点的第1个节点，节点2表示本超帧安排的前M个发送节点的最后1个节点，M＝t÷T×K×N，t为本超帧的时间长度，T为路由周期，K为每个入网节点每T秒需要发送发现列表报文的次数，N为入网节点的数量；
    CCO发送信号的步骤如下：
    S1、分配短地址；CCO在对申请入网的节点分配短地址时，根据节点入网时间的先后将短地址池中的地址从小到大分配给申请入网的节点；
    S2、设置路由周期；CCO将路由周期设置为T秒，规定每个入网节点每T秒需要发送K次发现列表报文；
    S3、信号发送；CCO将入网节点集合中的入网节点基于短地址大小从小到大排序，得到发送队列，在本超帧中安排发送队列中的前M个节点在TDMA时隙区发送发现列表报文，然后将这M个节点从发送队列中删除；
    重复步骤S1至S3，直至发送队列中的节点数量为零。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的宽带载波通信网络的信号发送方法，其特征在于：按以下方法分配TDMA时隙区中的时隙：
    当TDMA时隙长度的数值不为0且TDMA时隙链路标志符为升级文件，TDMA时隙区中的X+Y个时隙，前X个时隙分配给CCO，剩余Y个时隙依次顺序分配给Y个代理信标信号发送节点；
    当TDMA时隙长度的数值不为0且TDMA时隙链路标志符为心跳检测报文，TDMA时隙区中的Y个时隙依次逆序分配给Y个代理信标信号发送节点；
    当TDMA时隙长度的数值不为0且TDMA时隙链路标志符为发现列表报文，TDMA时隙区中的P个时隙依次顺序分配给按短地址从小到大排序的P个代理信标信号发送节点，P＝(E2-E1+1)，E1为节点1的短地址，E2为节点2的短地址。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的宽带载波通信网络的信号发送方法，其特征在于：步骤S1中，如果网络运行过程有节点离网，CCO将离网节点的地址回收，并分配给新的申请入网的节点。
  4. 基于权利要求1所述的宽带载波通信网络的信号发送方法，其特征在于：如果M为非整数，则上取整。
  5. 基于权利要求1所述的宽带载波通信网络的信号发送方法，其特征在于：当发送队列中的节点数量为零后，再次基于入网节点集合生成发送队列，然后采用相同的安排机制再次安排发送。
  6. 基于权利要求1所述的宽带载波通信网络的信号发送方法，其特征在于：对于采用国网标准的时隙分配消息字段中的保留比特1和保留比特2，当保留比特1的数值为全零时无意义，非全零时其表示节点1的部分短地址；当保留比特2的数值为全零时无意义，非全零时其前2bit表示节点1的剩余部分短地址，第3-14bit表示节点2的短地址，最后2bit为全零；
    对于采用南网标准的时隙分配信息字段中的保留比特，当保留比特的数值为全零时无意义，非全零时其前12bit表示节点1的短地址，第13-24bit表示节点2的短地址，最后8bit为全零。
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