WO2022095182A1 - 一种输变电设备物联网节点设备无线通信方法与系统 - Google Patents

一种输变电设备物联网节点设备无线通信方法与系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022095182A1
WO2022095182A1 PCT/CN2020/133278 CN2020133278W WO2022095182A1 WO 2022095182 A1 WO2022095182 A1 WO 2022095182A1 CN 2020133278 W CN2020133278 W CN 2020133278W WO 2022095182 A1 WO2022095182 A1 WO 2022095182A1
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communication
channel
node
data
uplink
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PCT/CN2020/133278
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
胡成博
郑敏
路永玲
刘洪�
秦剑华
王真
貟超
贾骏
张国江
徐玲铃
陶风波
黄强
刘子全
朱雪琼
谭冲
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国网江苏省电力有限公司电力科学研究院
中国科学院上海微系统与信息技术研究所
国网江苏省电力有限公司
国家电网有限公司
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Priority to JP2023527261A priority Critical patent/JP2023551375A/ja
Publication of WO2022095182A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022095182A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. TPC [Transmission Power Control], power saving or power classes
    • H04W52/02—Power saving arrangements
    • H04W52/0209—Power saving arrangements in terminal devices
    • H04W52/0225—Power saving arrangements in terminal devices using monitoring of external events, e.g. the presence of a signal
    • H04W52/0235—Power saving arrangements in terminal devices using monitoring of external events, e.g. the presence of a signal where the received signal is a power saving command
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W74/00—Wireless channel access
    • H04W74/08—Non-scheduled access, e.g. ALOHA
    • H04W74/0833—Random access procedures, e.g. with 4-step access
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W76/00—Connection management
    • H04W76/20—Manipulation of established connections
    • H04W76/28—Discontinuous transmission [DTX]; Discontinuous reception [DRX]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
    • Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
    • Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a wireless communication method and system for power transmission and transformation equipment Internet of Things node equipment, and belongs to the field of power transmission and transformation equipment Internet of Things sensor communication.
  • the perception layer is composed of various IoT sensors and network nodes.
  • the sensor layer is composed of various IoT sensors, which are used to collect different types of device state quantities and upload the data to the sink node through the network.
  • IoT sensors are divided into three types: micro-power wireless sensors, low-power wireless sensors, and wired sensors;
  • the data aggregation layer is composed of network nodes such as aggregation nodes and access nodes, and various types of node equipment constitute micro-power ( ⁇ A level) / low-power It is a sensor network that is fully compatible with wireless sensor network and wired transmission network and fully covers business scenarios.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a wireless communication method and system for power transmission and transformation equipment IoT node equipment, so as to meet the needs of power transmission and transformation equipment such as IoT waveforms with large data volume and mA level.
  • the standardized access of power consumption status sensing sensors realizes the networking between the aggregation node and the access node, and meets the requirements of mA-level communication power consumption, synchronous sensor sampling, and reliable networking coverage of business scenarios.
  • a wireless communication method for power transmission and transformation equipment Internet of Things node equipment The communication channel between a master device and a slave device in the power transmission and transformation equipment Internet of Things is provided with a broadcast channel, a downlink control channel, a multicast channel, a downlink shared channel, and an uplink random channel.
  • the contention channel and the uplink shared channel are distinguished by the channel type field of the MAC layer frame header;
  • the broadcast channel is used for message broadcast and time synchronization, the downlink control channel is used for scheduling information and responses, and the downlink shared channel is used for downlink point-to-point Data or signaling transmission, the uplink random contention channel is used for uplink random access and resource request, and the uplink shared channel is used for uplink point-to-point data or signaling transmission;
  • the master device and the slave device in the power transmission and transformation equipment IoT are sink nodes respectively
  • the communication process between the master device and the slave device includes the node broadcast process, the random access process, the pre-allocation registration process, the scheduling communication process of the uplink shared control channel, the discontinuous Receive the DRX scheduling communication process, the communication process of the downlink shared control channel and the packet fragmentation process;
  • the master device periodically sends broadcast information to the slave device;
  • the random access process includes: the slave device sends an uplink random contention channel random access request for random access, the master device registers the slave device after successful reception, and publishes the communication address of the slave device in the subsequent downlink control channel;
  • the pre-allocation registration process is used for the master device to have the mapping relationship between the device identifier and the communication address of the slave device, and has completed the registration at the access node.
  • the pre-allocation registration process includes: the master device sends the pre-allocation result through the downlink control channel, and the slave device After the device obtains the corresponding communication address, it sends a registration confirmation message through the uplink shared channel according to the time slot position specified by the master device;
  • the scheduling communication process of the uplink shared control channel includes: the master device sends the downlink control channel message; the slave device reads the uplink time slot configuration to obtain the time slot position of the uplink shared channel, and sends the uplink shared channel message according to the time slot position designated by the master device ; The master device sends the downlink control channel to acknowledge the uplink shared channel message;
  • the DRX scheduling communication process includes: the slave device receives the DRX sleep instruction sent by the master device, and starts the wake-up time timing; the slave device decides whether to sleep according to the local working state; Automatically enter the sleep state; when the wake-up timer ends, the slave device automatically wakes up and enters the receiving state of the master device;
  • the communication process of the downlink shared control channel includes: the master device sends a downlink control channel message, and the slave device reads the uplink time slot configuration; the master device sends a downlink shared control channel message, reads the downlink data or instruction from the device, and according to the downlink data Type decides whether to give feedback;
  • the described packet fragmentation process is used for the downlink shared channel or the uplink shared channel, including: the data packet queue performs data packet fragmentation according to the size of the scheduling resource, the length of which is less than or equal to the available resources; fragmented transmission data; After reaching all the data packets, restore the data.
  • the MAC layer frame header includes the MAC type and the payload length
  • the MAC type includes the channel type and network layer indication, response indication, MIC indication, and encryption indication
  • the network layer indication is used to indicate whether the payload content of the data frame is network layer data.
  • the broadcast channel and multicast channel in the reply indication do not need to reply.
  • the downlink control channel is used for uplink data response, uplink time slot resource scheduling, DRX dormancy command issuance and random access response, and messages of the same subtype must fall within the same downlink control channel; downlink
  • the subtypes of the messages of the control channel include USCH scheduling, DRX scheduling, registration success response and uplink reception response.
  • the MAC load content of the downlink shared channel includes a master device address and a plurality of slave device addresses and corresponding data length and data content, wherein the data content includes information type, communication instruction and communication data, and the information type includes communication instruction length.
  • communication data group packet fragmentation instructions the types of communication instructions include slave device communication parameter query, slave device working channel configuration, slave device communication rate configuration, slave device transmit power configuration and slave device service reporting period configuration; the communication data field is used for It carries network layer data or service data, and supports packet fragmentation.
  • the MAC load content of the uplink random contention channel includes the master device address, information type and data content, wherein the information type includes uplink resource request, random access request and burst short data.
  • the MAC load content of the uplink shared channel includes a master device address, a slave device address, an information format, a communication instruction, a resource request and communication data; the information format field defines the length of the communication instruction, the communication data packet fragmentation instruction and the resource.
  • Request identifier, the type of communication command includes ACK feedback and communication parameter reporting; the communication data field is used to carry network layer data or service data, and supports packet fragmentation.
  • connection between the sensing terminal, the convergence node and the access node adopts a tree network topology or a multi-hop network topology; when the tree network topology is used, the sensing terminal, the convergence node and the access node pass the uplink of a given channel.
  • the multi-hop network topology is adopted, some aggregation nodes in the network are used as relay nodes to connect the access node and the aggregation node or the access node and the sensing terminal; the sensing terminal includes micro-power Sensors and low-power sensing, micro-power sensors are unidirectional reporting sensors in the Internet of Things for power transmission and transformation equipment.
  • Communication is initiated by the sensor, only short message transmission is supported, and random packet loss of business data needs to be tolerated; low-power sensors It is a two-way controllable sensor in the Internet of Things for power transmission and transformation equipment. Communication is initiated by the aggregation node or access node, and it supports long message transmission, business data fragmentation and retransmission, and sensor timing wake-up.
  • the topology establishment process of the networking between the access node and the sink node includes: the access node broadcasts, and the neighbor sink node selects to perform random access according to the strength of the broadcast signal; when the random access is successful, the access node completes the process. Registration; if random access fails, perform random access again; the access node schedules the subordinate sink nodes to broadcast, and iteratively loops until all node devices complete the local area network; for a network with multiple access nodes, the sink node According to the communication hop index with different access nodes, the connected local area network is selected; the low-power sensor access process adopts the pre-allocation registration process or the random access process, and the micro-power sensor adopts the random access process.
  • a wireless communication system for power transmission and transformation equipment Internet of Things node equipment including an access node, a convergence node and a sensing terminal.
  • the sensor terminal is the slave device; when the access node communicates with the sink node, the access node is the master device, and the sink node is the slave device; the communication method between the master device and the slave device adopts the above-mentioned power transmission and transformation equipment IoT node equipment wireless communication method.
  • the present invention can schedule communication initiated by nodes, and adopts the time slot scheduling method, which can avoid communication collision, greatly improve channel utilization, and thus meet the needs of long data communication; and node devices can uniformly schedule sensors to enter by sending DRX instructions. dormancy; the invention reserves random contention time slots, supports immediate transmission request insertion of burst services, and can schedule alarm services preferentially; the invention supports preset registration configuration and random access mode, and under background authorization conditions, the sensing terminal can Fast and automatic access.
  • the invention supports chain, tree and other network topologies on the network layer to meet the networking requirements of business scenarios such as power transmission and transformation; The number strategy realizes automatic routing planning.
  • the invention can be used for the standardized access of power transmission and transformation equipment, such as the Internet of Things waveforms, etc., with a large amount of data (hundreds of kB) and mA-level power consumption state sensing sensors (such as partial discharge, vibration waveform, mechanical characteristics, etc.);
  • the networking between the aggregation node and the access node meets the requirements of mA-level communication power consumption, sensor synchronous sampling, and reliable networking coverage of business scenarios.
  • Figure 1 shows the overall architecture of the Internet of Things for power transmission and transformation equipment.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a MAC layer resource mapping relationship.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a channel mapping relationship.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a node broadcasting process.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a random access process.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a pre-allocation registration process.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a communication process of the USCH.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a DRX process.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a communication process of DSCH.
  • the Internet of Things for power transmission and transformation equipment involved in the present invention is composed of four parts: a perception layer, a network layer, a platform layer and an application layer.
  • the present invention regulates the wireless communication protocol in the perception layer, and the communication devices covered include access nodes and convergence nodes. and sensors.
  • the physical layer, media access control layer and network layer of the IoT node networking protocol of power transmission and transformation equipment are defined, as well as the related communication processing procedures, so as to realize the effective management and distribution of data transmission in the Internet of Things for power transmission and transformation equipment.
  • the IoT perception layer network of power transmission and transformation equipment supports tree network topology and multi-hop network topology.
  • tree network topology sensors, sink nodes and access nodes are connected through the uplink and downlink of a given channel.
  • multi-hop network topology some of the aggregation nodes in the network are used as relay nodes to effectively connect the far-distance access nodes and the aggregation nodes or the access nodes and the sensors to complete reliable communication transmission.
  • the physical layer is responsible for handling the physical transmission of the bitstream, including sending and receiving.
  • the physical layer sends and receives physical layer protocol data units through wireless physical channels, and manages physical layer data information and physical layer control information.
  • the physical layer of the present invention can be selected from one of the CSS physical layer, the IEEE 802.15.4 physical layer, and the BLE 5.0 physical layer.
  • the media access control layer provides services to the network layer on the basis of the services provided by the physical layer. Based on the time division multiple access technology system, the MAC frame format and corresponding channel definition, master broadcast process, random access process, and uplink are specified. scheduling process, etc.
  • the network layer (NWK) defines the end-to-end data transmission format, topology establishment process, and routing process.
  • the definitions related to addresses in the present invention are equipment identification (EID) and communication address (CID).
  • EID equipment identification
  • CID communication address
  • the device identifiers corresponding to node devices and sensors are uniquely numbered in the entire network range under the jurisdiction of the service platform, and are defined by 6 bytes.
  • the device ID of the master device is referred to as the master device ID for short, and the device ID of the slave device is referred to as the slave device ID for short.
  • the communication address of the node device and the sensor, the number is unique within the coverage area of the node.
  • the communication address of the master device is hereinafter referred to as the master address, and the communication address of the slave device is hereinafter referred to as the slave address.
  • the communication address uses a 2-byte number.
  • the embodiment of the present invention discloses a wireless communication method for a node device of the Internet of Things for power transmission and transformation equipment.
  • Downlink shared channel, uplink random contention channel and uplink shared channel different channels are distinguished by the channel type field of the MAC layer frame header;
  • the broadcast channel is used for message broadcast and time synchronization, the downlink control channel is used for scheduling information and response, and downlink sharing
  • the channel is used for downlink point-to-point data or signaling transmission, the uplink random contention channel is used for uplink random access and resource request, and the uplink shared channel is used for uplink point-to-point data or signaling transmission;
  • the slave devices are the sink node and the sensor terminal respectively, or, the access node and the sink node;
  • the communication process between the master device and the slave device includes the node broadcast process, the random access process, the pre-allocation registration process, the uplink shared control channel Scheduling communication process, discontinuous reception DRX scheduling communication process, downlink shared control channel communication process and packet fragmentation process;
  • the node broadcast process is that the master device periodically sends broadcast information to the slave device;
  • the random access process includes: the slave device sends an uplink random contention channel random access request for random access, the master device registers the slave device after successful reception, and publishes the communication address of the slave device in the subsequent downlink control channel;
  • the pre-allocation registration process is used for the master device to have the mapping relationship between the device identifier and the communication address of the slave device, and has completed the registration at the access node.
  • the pre-allocation registration process includes: the master device sends the pre-allocation result through the downlink control channel, and the slave device obtains the result. After the corresponding communication address, a registration confirmation message is sent through the uplink shared channel according to the time slot position specified by the master device;
  • the scheduling communication process of the uplink shared control channel includes: the master device sends the downlink control channel message; the slave device reads the uplink time slot configuration to obtain the time slot position of the uplink shared channel, and sends the uplink shared channel message according to the time slot position specified by the master device; The device sends the downlink control channel to acknowledge the uplink shared channel message;
  • the DRX scheduling communication process includes: the slave device receives the DRX sleep instruction sent by the master device, and starts the wake-up time timing; the slave device decides whether to sleep according to the local working state; if it wants to sleep, it will automatically enter the Sleep state; when the wake-up timer ends, the slave device automatically wakes up and enters the receiving state of the master device;
  • the communication process of the downlink shared control channel includes: the master device sends a downlink control channel message, and the slave device reads the uplink time slot configuration; the master device sends a downlink shared control channel message, reads the downlink data or instructions from the device, and decides according to the type of downlink data. feedback;
  • the packet fragmentation process is used for the downlink shared channel or the uplink shared channel, including: the data packet queue performs data packet fragmentation according to the size of the scheduling resource, the length of which is less than or equal to the available resources; After the data package, restore the data.
  • an embodiment of the present invention discloses a wireless communication system for power transmission and transformation equipment IoT node equipment, including an access node, a convergence node and a sensing terminal.
  • the sink node is the master device, and the sensing terminal is the slave device; when the access node communicates with the sink node, the access node is the master device, and the sink node is the slave device; the communication between the master device and the slave device.
  • the method adopts the wireless communication method of the above-mentioned power transmission and transformation equipment IoT node equipment.
  • the MAC layer and the network layer mainly involved in the present invention are introduced in detail below.
  • a super frame includes several (M) frames (Frame), and a frame includes a downlink frame (DL-Frame) and an uplink frame (UL-Frame), in which the time slot ratio of the downlink frame and the uplink frame is Configurable, the entire frame includes several (N) time slots (Slots).
  • the frame length of the entire network and the configuration ratio of the upper and lower frames are unified, and are broadcast as network parameters in the entire network under the jurisdiction of the service platform.
  • a single MAC frame occupies at least one time slot, and can also occupy multiple consecutive time slots according to the node configuration.
  • the MAC frame structure is shown in Table 1, including the MAC layer frame header, MAC payload and information integrity.
  • MAC type The definition of MAC type is shown in Table 2, including channel type, network layer indication, response indication, message integrity check (MIC) indication and encryption indication.
  • the channel type definitions are shown in Table 3, and the indication definitions are shown in Table 4.
  • One channel can occupy a single time slot or multiple consecutive time slots, the start position of each channel is aligned with the start of the time slot (slot), and the arrangement sequence of the channels in the frame is shown in Figure 8.
  • the broadcast channel (BCH), the downlink control channel (DCCH), the multicast channel (MCH), and the downlink shared channel (DSCH) are in sequence, and the BCH has each frame; in the uplink frame, the sequence is USCH, URCH .
  • Different channels the type part is distinguished in the MAC header part, and the content part is defined and carried in the MAC load part.
  • the channel mapping relationship is shown in Figure 3.
  • the BCH channel definition is shown in Table 5.
  • the length of the MAC payload is fixed to 22 bytes, and the specific field definitions are shown in Table 6.
  • Network ID a unique identifier in the local area network, used to distinguish different node networks; version number: to distinguish different networks from the time dimension; hop count: the number of communication hops between the current node and the access node, if the current node is an access node, The number of hops is 0; the time slot length: the time length of the time slot, the unit is ms; the super frame configuration: the number of frames in a super frame; the frame number: the position number of the current frame in the super frame; the broadcast period : broadcast every few frames; downlink frame timeslots: the number of timeslots occupied by downlink frames; uplink frame timeslots: the timeslots occupied by uplink frames; GP-Dphy: adjacent in the downlink frame Transmission time protection field of physical frame, located at the end of the time slot, unit: 100 ⁇ s; GP-Uslot: time protection field of the time slot in the up
  • the downlink control channel is mainly used for uplink data response, uplink time slot resource scheduling, discontinuous reception (DRX) sleep command issuance, and random access response. Messages of the same subtype must be in the same DCCH channel; messages of different subtypes can be in the same or different DCCH channels.
  • the specific definition of downlink control channel MAC load is shown in Table 7.
  • the message types are defined in Table 8.
  • the USCH schedule is shown in Table 9.
  • the Multicast Channel (MCH) is used to send commands or data to the multicast of multiple sensors. See Table 13 for the definition of the MAC load.
  • main address multicast address content 2 bytes 2 bytes lengthen
  • the MAC load definition of the downlink shared channel is shown in Table 14.
  • the information types of the downlink shared channel DSCH are defined in Table 16.
  • PDU Downlink communication data
  • SDU network layer data or service data
  • the specific PDU definition is shown in Table 19, where FLAG definition: 0b00 indicates that no fragmentation is performed.
  • Fragment (FLAG_UNFRAG); 0b01 represents the first fragment (FLAG_FRAG_START); 0b10 represents the subsequent fragment (FLAG_FRAG_NEXT); 0b11 represents the last fragment (FLAG_FRAG_STOP).
  • SSEQ definition the sequence number of service data (SDU).
  • Priority definition The priority of communication data (PDU), 0 means low, 1 means high.
  • PSEQ Definition The sequence number of the PDU.
  • SIZE definition the length of the packet data (number of bytes).
  • Packet data DATA definition PDU data content after packet fragmentation.
  • the unscheduled time slots of the uplink random contention channel in this frame can be used for multiple slave devices to compete for transmission. See Table 20 for the definition of the MAC load content of the uplink random contention channel.
  • main address type of information data content 2 bytes 1 byte lengthen
  • the message types are defined in Table 21.
  • uplink resource request data content is shown in Table 22.
  • the content definition of the uplink communication data is consistent with the content definition of the uplink communication data, see Table 19.
  • the relevant processes of the MAC layer include a node broadcast process, a random access process, an uplink scheduling process, etc., which are specifically described as follows.
  • the broadcast is periodic and timed, and broadcast information is sent by the master device (node) to the slave device (node or sensor).
  • the BCH channel is used for transmission, and the broadcast cycle is multiple frames at the beginning of the DL frame.
  • the slave device can obtain time synchronization with the master device through the broadcast channel.
  • the node broadcasting process is shown in Figure 4.
  • the slave device receives the DCCH of the master device, and parses the uplink scheduling information
  • the slave device selects the remaining time slots, and after random backoff selection, sends URCH for random access;
  • the master device schedules the uplink channel or DRX sleep of the slave device through the DCCH.
  • the master device has the mapping relationship between the device identifier of the slave device and the communication address, and has completed the registration at the access node. Slave devices not connected to the network can use pre-assigned registration. The pre-allocation registration is only used in the initial networking process. After the slave device completes the access, it does not need to be sent again.
  • the pre-allocation registration process is shown in Figure 6.
  • the master device sends the pre-allocation result through the DCCH, and the slave device obtains the corresponding communication address and sends a registration confirmation message through the USCH according to the time slot position specified by the master device.
  • the master device locally maintains the uplink scheduling table for the slave devices.
  • the scheduling table is mainly configured according to the upload period of the slave device, the length of the uploaded data, etc., and it can also request to increase the temporary scheduling communication through the random channel.
  • the communication process of the USCH is shown in Figure 7.
  • the master device sends the DCCH, and the slave device reads the uplink time slot configuration to obtain the time slot position of the USCH and sends the USCH message.
  • the master device acknowledges the uplink shared channel message through the DCCH.
  • the slave device receives the DRX sleep command sent by the master device, and starts the wake-up time timing
  • the slave device decides whether to sleep according to the local working state
  • the slave device When the wake-up timer ends, the slave device automatically wakes up and enters the receiving state for the master device.
  • the master device locally maintains the downlink schedule for the slave devices.
  • the DSCH communication process is shown in Figure 9.
  • the slave device reads the uplink time slot configuration from the DCCH, reads the downlink data or instructions from the DSCH, and decides whether to feed back according to the type of the downlink data.
  • the packet fragmentation function is only used for the downlink shared channel or the uplink shared channel.
  • the specific process is as follows:
  • the data packet queue performs data packet fragmentation according to the size of the scheduling resource, and its length must be less than or equal to the available resources.
  • the frame format of the fragmented transmission data refer to the frame format of the downlink shared channel and the uplink shared channel.
  • the network layer data (SDU) is restored.
  • the network layer frame is carried on the DSCH and USCH channels and corresponds to the communication data field.
  • the network layer frame structure is shown in Table 30.
  • network frame type The definition of network frame type is shown in Table 31, and the typical configuration is shown in Table 32.
  • the network layer load corresponding to the network layer command is shown in Table 33.
  • Master device EID instruct quantity Slave EID1 Slave EID2 ... 6 bytes 1 byte 1 byte 6 bytes 6 bytes ...
  • Master device EID instruct quantity Slave EID Slave EID ... 6 bytes 1 byte 1 byte 6 bytes 6 bytes ...
  • Node channel status query command content query sequence (1 byte, reserved). See Table 45 for the definition of the node channel status report command content, and see Table 46 for the definition of the channel type.
  • Status index The sequence position of each bit corresponds to the number in the node device status table. A value of 0b1 indicates that the table contains relevant status content, and a value of 0b0 indicates that the table does not contain relevant status content.
  • status index (2 bytes).
  • the definition of the network layer response (downlink) command content is shown in Table 54.
  • the topology used in the node networking is a tree topology (or multi-hop topology), which is initiated by the access node and gradually spreads to all nodes.
  • the specific process is as follows:
  • the access node broadcasts, and the neighbor aggregation node chooses to perform random access according to the strength of the broadcast signal.
  • the access node schedules the subordinate sink nodes to broadcast.
  • the aggregation node can select the local area network of which access node to connect to according to relevant indicators such as the number of communication hops with different access nodes.
  • the node (aggregation or access node), according to the scheduling result of the access node, broadcasts the low-power sensor access in the specified frame number.
  • the low-power sensor can be pre-scheduled (no random access is required, and uplink communication can be performed at the specified frame number and time slot position), or it can be accessed through random access (complete the process of random competition and registration).
  • each device (except the access node) can find the master device to which it belongs. According to the master-slave relationship, uplink data transmission can be completed step by step.
  • the access node has the connection relationship between all its subordinate aggregation nodes and sensors, that is, the downlink tree routing table.
  • Each sink node stores the node routing table between nodes, and its subordinate sensor routing table, and the downlink data sent by the access node is first addressed to the last level sink node (corresponding to the destination sensor) through the node routing table; Then the sink node sends it to the corresponding sensor through its local sensor routing table. If it is data for sink nodes, the sensor communication part can be omitted.
  • Routing update includes static routing update and dynamic routing update.
  • the static routing address update is initiated by the access node and can be divided into the following two categories according to the update content:
  • the access node initiates communication and sends its locally stored node routing table (node networking) to the corresponding sink node.
  • the access node initiates communication and sends its locally stored sensor routing table (which may be incremental update) to the corresponding sink node.
  • the dynamic routing address update is initiated by the sink node, and can be divided into the following two categories according to the update content:
  • the sink node initiates communication and sends its subordinate node topology information (or topology change information) to the access node.
  • the sink node initiates communication and sends its subordinate sensor topology information (or topology change information) to the access node.

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Abstract

本发明公开了一种输变电设备物联网节点设备无线通信方法，在输变电设备物联网中主设备与从设备之间的通信信道设有广播信道、下行控制信道、多播信道、下行共享信道、上行随机竞争信道和上行共享信道，不同信道通过MAC帧头的信道类型字段区分；设定了主设备与从设备之间的通信过程，包括节点广播过程、随机接入过程、预分配注册过程、上行共享控制信道的调度通信过程、非连续接收DRX调度通信过程、下行共享控制信道的通信过程和组包分片过程等。

Description

一种输变电设备物联网节点设备无线通信方法与系统 技术领域
本发明涉及一种输变电设备物联网节点设备无线通信方法与系统，属于输变电设备物联网传感器通信领域。
背景技术
随着物联网、无线通信等技术发展，无线传感网在输变电智能运检业务中的应用需求不断增加。相对传统有线监测，无线传输可以有效解决带电体、无法布线等应用场景状态感知数据无法传输的问题，同时简化传感器结构，促进传感器小型化、低成本，实现快速安装、即装即用。输变电设备物联网总体架构分为四个层级：感知层、网络层、平台层和应用层，如图1所示。
其中感知层由各类物联网传感器、网络节点组成，分为传感器层与数据汇聚层两部分，实现传感信息采集和汇聚。传感器层由各类物联网传感器组成，用于采集不同类型的设备状态量，并通过网络将数据上传至汇聚节点。物联网传感器分为微功率无线传感器、低功耗无线传感器、有线传感器三类；数据汇聚层由汇聚节点、接入节点等网络节点组成，各类节点装备构成微功率(μA级)/低功耗(mA级)无线传感网和有线传输网络全兼容、业务场景全覆盖的传感器网络。
但随着无线传感网的逐步应用，暴露出三方面的问题：1)现有物联网感知装置大多采用私有协议，无法相互兼容替代，导致传感网系统大量重复建设；2)在输变电业务中局部放电、振动等大数据量传感器广泛应用在输变电业务领域，但是此类传感器由于数据量大，对于网络系统调度提出了高的要求。目前，输变电领域尚无能够满足此类业务需求的统一通信协议。3)在架空线路、变电站房等业务场景，由于地形、遮挡、建筑结构等因素影响，需要根据采用灵活的组网方式，实现网络节点间组网，最终达到传感器网络全业务场景覆盖。
发明内容
发明目的：针对现有技术存在的问题，本发明目的在于提供一种输变电设备物联网节点设备无线通信方法与系统，以满足输变电设备物联网波形类等数据量较大、mA级别功耗状态感知传感器标准化接入，实现汇聚节点与接入节点之间的组网，满足mA级通信功耗、传感器同步采样、业务场景可靠组网覆盖的要求。
技术方案：为实现上述发明目的，本发明采用如下技术方案：
一种输变电设备物联网节点设备无线通信方法，输变电设备物联网中主设备与从设备之间的通信信道设有广播信道、下行控制信道、多播信道、下行共享信道、上行随机竞争信道和上行共享信道，不同信道通过MAC层帧头的信道类型字段进行区分；其中广播信道用于消息广播和时间同步，下行控制信道用于调度信息和应答，下行共享信道用于下行点对点的数据或信令传输，上行随机竞争信道用于上行随机接入和资源请求，上行共享信道用于上行点对点的数据或信令传输；输变电设备物联网中主设备与从设备分别为汇聚节点与传感终端，或，接入节点与汇聚节点；主设备与从设备之间的通信过程包括节点广播过程、随机接入过程、预分配注册过程、上行共享控制信道的调度通信过程、非连续接收DRX调度通信过程、下行共享控制信道的通信过程和组包分片过程；
所述节点广播过程为主设备周期性向从设备发送广播信息；
所述随机接入过程包括：从设备发送上行随机竞争信道随机接入请求进行随机接入，主设备成功接收后进行从设备注册，并在后续的下行控制信道内发布该从设备的通信地址；
所述预分配注册过程用于主设备具备从设备的设备标识和通信地址的映射关系，并已经在接入节点完成注册，预分配注册过程包括：主设备通过下行控制信道发送预分配结果，从设备获取对应的通信地址后根据主设备指定的时隙位置通过上行共享信道发送注册确认消息；
所述上行共享控制信道的调度通信过程包括：主设备发送下行控制信道消息；从设备读取上行时隙配置获取上行共享信道的时隙位置，并根据主设备指定时隙位置发送上行共享信道消息；主设备发送下行控制信道进行上行共享信道消息的确认应答；
所述DRX调度通信过程包括：从设备接收主设备发送的DRX休眠指令，并开始唤醒时间计时；从设备根据本地工作状态，决定是否休眠；若要休眠，则等本次数据收发处理完毕后，自动进入休眠状态；当唤醒计时结束后，从设备自动唤醒，并进入对主设备的接收状态；
所述下行共享控制信道的通信过程包括：主设备发送下行控制信道消息，从设备读取上行时隙配置；主设备发送下行共享控制信道消息，从设备读取下行数据或指令，并根据下行数据类型决定是否反馈；
所述组包分片过程用于下行共享信道或者上行共享信道，包括：数据包队列根据调度资源的大小，进行数据组包分片，其长度小于等于可用的资源；分片传输数据；当收到所有数据包后，复原数据。
进一步地，MAC层帧头包括MAC类型和负载长度，MAC类型包括信道类型以及网络层指示、应答指示、MIC指示、加密指示；所述网络层指示用于说明数据帧负载内容是否为网络层数据；应答指示中广播信道和多播信道无需应答。
进一步地，所述下行控制信道用于上行数据的应答、上行时隙资源的调度、DRX休眠指令下发以及随机接入应答，同一子类型的消息，必须落在同一个下行控制信道内；下行控制信道的消息的子类型包括USCH调度、DRX调度、注册成功应答和上行接收应答。
进一步地，所述下行共享信道的MAC负载内容包括主设备地址和多个从设备地址及对应的数据长度和数据内容，其中数据内容包括信息类型、通信指令和通信数据，信息类型包括通信指令长度和通信数据组包分片指示，通信指令的类型包括从设备通信参数查询、从设备工作信道配置、从设备通信速率配置、从设备发送功率配置和从设备业务上报周期配置；通信数据字段用于承载网络层数据或业务数据，支持组包分片。
进一步地，所述上行随机竞争信道的MAC负载内容包括主设备地址、信息类型和数据内容，其中信息类型包括上行资源请求、随机接入请求和突发短数据。
进一步地，所述上行共享信道的MAC负载内容包括主设备地址、从设备地址、信息格式、通信指令、资源请求和通信数据；信息格式字段定义通信指令长度、通信数据组包分片指示和资源请求标识，通信指令的类型包括ACK反馈和通信参数上报；通信数据字段用于承载网络层数据或业务数据，支持组包分片。
进一步地，传感终端、汇聚节点和接入节点的连接采用树状网络拓扑或多跳网络拓扑；采用树状网络拓扑时，传感终端、汇聚节点和接入节点通过给定信道的上行链路和下行链路进行连接；采用多跳网络拓扑时，网络中部分汇聚节点作为中继节点，将接入节点和汇聚节点或者是接入节点和传感终端相连；其中传感终端包括微功率传感器和低功耗传感，微功率传感器是输变电设备物联网中的单向上报传感器，由传感器发起通信，仅支持短报文传输，需容忍业务数据的随机丢包；低功耗传感器是输变电设备物联网中的双向可控传感器，由汇聚节点或接入节点发起通信，支持长报文传输、业务数据分片重传和传感器定时唤醒。
进一步地，接入节点和汇聚节点间组网的拓扑建立过程包括：接入节点进行广播，邻居汇聚节点根据广播信号的强度，选择进行随机接入；随机接入成功时，在接入节点完成注册；若随机接入失败，则重新进行随机接入；接入节点调度下属的汇聚节点进行广播，迭代循环，直到所有节点设备完成局域组网；对于多个接入节点的网络，汇聚节点根据与不同接入节点的通信跳数指标，选择连接的局域网络；低功耗传感器接入的过程采用预分配注册过程或随机接入过程，微功率传感器采用随机接入过程。
一种输变电设备物联网节点设备无线通信系统，包括接入节点、汇聚节点和传感终端，输变电设备物联网中汇聚节点与传感终端间通信时，汇聚节点为主设备，传感终端为从设备； 接入节点与汇聚节点进行通信时，接入节点为主设备，汇聚节点为从设备；主设备与从设备之间的通信方法采用上述的输变电设备物联网节点设备无线通信方法。
有益效果：本发明可由节点发起的调度通信，采用时隙调度方式，可避免通信碰撞，大幅提高信道利用率，从而满足长数据通信的需求；并且节点设备可以通过发送DRX指令，统一调度传感器进入休眠；本发明预留了随机竞争时隙，支持突发业务即时传输请求插播，可优先调度告警业务；本发明支持预设注册配置和随机接入方式，在后台授权条件下，传感终端可快速自动接入。本发明在网络层上支持链状、树状等网络拓扑，满足输变电等业务场景组网需求；节点部署后，可通过广播信道优选高质量链路实现网络拓扑自动建立，并且根据最小跳数策略实现自动路由规划。本发明能够用于输变电设备物联网波形类等数据量较大(百kB级)、mA级别功耗状态感知传感器标准化接入(如局放、振动波形、机械特性等)；同时用于汇聚节点与接入节点之间的组网，满足mA级通信功耗、传感器同步采样、业务场景可靠组网覆盖等要求。
附图说明
图1为输变电设备物联网总体架构图。
图2为MAC层资源映射关系示意图。
图3为信道映射关系示意图。
图4为节点广播过程示意图。
图5为随机接入过程示意图。
图6为预分配注册过程示意图。
图7为USCH的通信过程示意图。
图8为DRX过程示意图。
图9为DSCH的通信过程示意图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整的描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅只是本发明的一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的其他所有实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
本发明所涉及的输变电设备物联网由感知层、网络层、平台层和应用层四部分组成，本发明规范了感知层中的无线通信协议，涵盖的通信设备包括接入节点、汇聚节点和传感器。定义了输变电设备物联网节点组网协议的物理层、媒体接入控制层和网络层，以及相关的通信处理过程，从而实现输变电设备物联网中数据传输的有效管理和分配。
输变电设备物联网感知层网络支持树状网络拓扑和多跳网络拓扑，采用树状网络拓扑时，传感器、汇聚节点和接入节点通过给定信道的上行链路和下行链路进行连接。采用多跳网络拓扑时，网络中部分汇聚节点作为中继节点，有效的将相距较远的接入节点和汇聚节点或者是接入节点和传感器相连，完成可靠的通信传输。
物理层(PHY)负责处理比特流的物理传输，包括发送和接收。物理层通过无线物理信道发送和接收物理层协议数据单元，并对物理层数据信息和物理层控制信息进行管理。本发明物理层可选用CSS物理层、IEEE 802.15.4物理层、BLE 5.0物理层之一。
媒体接入控制层(MAC)在物理层提供服务的基础上向网络层提供服务，基于时分多址技术体制规定了MAC帧格式和对应的信道定义、主设备广播过程、随机接入过程、上行调度过程等。网络层(NWK)定义了端到端的数据传输格式，拓扑建立过程，以及路由过程。本发明中与地址相关的定义为设备标识(EID)和通信地址(CID)。节点设备和传感器对应的设备标识，在业务平台管辖的整个网络范围中编号唯一，采用6字节定义。主设备的设备标识简称为主设备标识，从设备的设备标识简称为从设备标识。节点设备和传感器的通信地址， 在节点覆盖范围内编号唯一。主设备的通信地址以下简称为主地址，从设备的通信地址以下简称为从地址。通信地址采用2字节编号。
本发明实施例公开的一种输变电设备物联网节点设备无线通信方法，输变电设备物联网中主设备与从设备之间的通信信道设有广播信道、下行控制信道、多播信道、下行共享信道、上行随机竞争信道和上行共享信道，不同信道通过MAC层帧头的信道类型字段进行区分；其中广播信道用于消息广播和时间同步，下行控制信道用于调度信息和应答，下行共享信道用于下行点对点的数据或信令传输，上行随机竞争信道用于上行随机接入和资源请求，上行共享信道用于上行点对点的数据或信令传输；输变电设备物联网中主设备与从设备分别为汇聚节点与传感终端，或，接入节点与汇聚节点；主设备与从设备之间的通信过程包括节点广播过程、随机接入过程、预分配注册过程、上行共享控制信道的调度通信过程、非连续接收DRX调度通信过程、下行共享控制信道的通信过程和组包分片过程；
节点广播过程为主设备周期性向从设备发送广播信息；
随机接入过程包括：从设备发送上行随机竞争信道随机接入请求进行随机接入，主设备成功接收后进行从设备注册，并在后续的下行控制信道内发布该从设备的通信地址；
预分配注册过程用于主设备具备从设备的设备标识和通信地址的映射关系，并已经在接入节点完成注册，预分配注册过程包括：主设备通过下行控制信道发送预分配结果，从设备获取对应的通信地址后根据主设备指定的时隙位置通过上行共享信道发送注册确认消息；
上行共享控制信道的调度通信过程包括：主设备发送下行控制信道消息；从设备读取上行时隙配置获取上行共享信道的时隙位置，并根据主设备指定时隙位置发送上行共享信道消息；主设备发送下行控制信道进行上行共享信道消息的确认应答；
DRX调度通信过程包括：从设备接收主设备发送的DRX休眠指令，并开始唤醒时间计时；从设备根据本地工作状态，决定是否休眠；若要休眠，则等本次数据收发处理完毕后，自动进入休眠状态；当唤醒计时结束后，从设备自动唤醒，并进入对主设备的接收状态；
下行共享控制信道的通信过程包括：主设备发送下行控制信道消息，从设备读取上行时隙配置；主设备发送下行共享控制信道消息，从设备读取下行数据或指令，并根据下行数据类型决定是否反馈；
组包分片过程用于下行共享信道或者上行共享信道，包括：数据包队列根据调度资源的大小，进行数据组包分片，其长度小于等于可用的资源；分片传输数据；当收到所有数据包后，复原数据。
基于相同的发明构思，本发明实施例公开的一种输变电设备物联网节点设备无线通信系统，包括接入节点、汇聚节点和传感终端，输变电设备物联网中汇聚节点与传感终端间通信时，汇聚节点为主设备，传感终端为从设备；接入节点与汇聚节点进行通信时，接入节点为主设备，汇聚节点为从设备；主设备与从设备之间的通信方法采用上述的输变电设备物联网节点设备无线通信方法。
下面对本发明主要涉及到的MAC层和网络层做详细介绍。
系统的时域通信资源，按图3所示进行划分。1个超帧(Super Frame)包含若干(M)个帧(Frame)，1个帧又包括下行帧(DL-Frame)和上行帧(UL-Frame)，其中下行帧和上行帧的时隙比例可配置，整个帧内包括若干(N)个时隙(Slot)。时隙为系统调度的最小时间单元，下行帧占用的时隙个数为N DL，上行帧占用的时隙个数为N UL，N＝N DL+N UL。
全网的帧长和上下帧的配置比例是统一的，并作为网络参数在业务平台管辖的整个网络范围内广播。单个MAC帧至少占用1个时隙，也可以根据节点配置占用多个连续的时隙。
MAC帧结构如表1所示，包括MAC层帧头、MAC负载和信息完整度。
表1 MAC层帧结构
Figure PCTCN2020133278-appb-000001
MAC类型的定义见表2，包括信道类型、网络层指示、应答指示、信息完整性校验(MIC)指示和加密指示。信道类型定义见表3，指示定义见表4。
表2 MAC类型的定义
Figure PCTCN2020133278-appb-000002
表3 信道类型定义
Figure PCTCN2020133278-appb-000003
表4 指示定义
Figure PCTCN2020133278-appb-000004
1个信道可占用单个时隙或者多个连续的时隙，每个信道的起始位置与时隙(slot)起始对齐，信道在帧内的排列顺序如图8所示。下行帧中，依次为广播信道(BCH)、下行控制信道(DCCH)、多播信道(MCH)、下行共享信道(DSCH)，其中BCH每个帧都有；上行帧中，依次为USCH、URCH。不同的信道，类型部分在MAC头部分进行区分，内容部分在MAC负载部分进行定义和承载。信道映射关系如图3所示。
BCH信道定义见表5所示。
表5 BCH信道定义
Figure PCTCN2020133278-appb-000005
MAC负载长度固定为22字节，具体字段定义见表6。网络ID：局域网内的唯一标识，用于区分不同的节点网络；版本号：从时间维度区分不同的网络；跳数：当前节点距离接入节点的通信跳数，如果本节点为接入节点，则跳数为0；时隙长度：表示时隙的时间长度，单位是ms；超帧配置：一个超帧中存在的帧的个数；帧序号：当前帧处于超帧的位置序号；广播 周期：每隔多少个帧，进行一次广播；下行帧时隙数：下行帧占用的时隙个数；上行帧时隙数：上行帧占用的时隙个数；GP-Dphy：下行帧中相邻物理帧的发送时间保护域，位于时隙的尾部，单位：100μs；GP-Uslot：上行帧中时隙的时间保护域，位于时隙的尾部，单位：100μs；GP-DL/UL：下行帧切换到上行帧的时间保护域，位于下行帧的尾部，单位：100μs；GP-Frame：帧与帧之间切换的时间保护域，位于上行帧的尾部，单位：100μs；BCH长度：表示BCH物理负载的字节数；在BCH含消息内容后面进行补零，便于从设备定时，默认配置是55字节(物理负载55字节)；频点号：用于表示当前主设备的工作频点序号。
表6 BCH的消息内容定义
Figure PCTCN2020133278-appb-000006
下行控制信道主要用于上行数据的应答、上行时隙资源的调度、非连续接收(DRX)休眠指令下发以及随机接入应答等。同一子类型的消息，必须落在同一个DCCH信道内；不同子类型的信息，可以在同一个或者不同的DCCH信道内。下行控制信道MAC负载的具体定义见表7。
表7 下行控制信道的MAC负载定义
主地址 消息类型1 调度表1 消息类型2 调度表2 ……
2字节 1字节 变长 1字节 变长 ……
消息类型定义见表8。
表8 消息类型定义
Figure PCTCN2020133278-appb-000007
USCH调度见表9。
表9 USCH调度表
Figure PCTCN2020133278-appb-000008
DRX调度见表10。
表10 DRX调度表
Figure PCTCN2020133278-appb-000009
注册成功应答见表11。
表11 注册成功应答
Figure PCTCN2020133278-appb-000010
上行接收应答见表12。
表12 上行接收应答
Figure PCTCN2020133278-appb-000011
多播信道(MCH)用于给多个传感器的组播下发指令或数据，MAC负载的定义见表13。
表13 多播信道的MAC负载定义
主地址 多播地址 内容
2字节 2字节 变长
下行共享信道的MAC负载定义见表14。
表14 下行共享信道的MAC负载定义
Figure PCTCN2020133278-appb-000012
数据内容定义见表15。
表15 数据内容定义
信息类型 通信指令(可选) 通信数据(可选)
1字节 变长 变长
下行共享信道DSCH的信息类型定义见表16。
表16 下行共享信道DSCH的信息类型定义
Figure PCTCN2020133278-appb-000013
Figure PCTCN2020133278-appb-000014
下行通信指令定义见表17，参数查询的指令内容定义见表18。、
表17 通信指令定义
Figure PCTCN2020133278-appb-000015
表18 参数查询的指令内容定义
参数个数 参数类型1 参数类型2 ……
1字节 1字节 1字节 ……
下行通信数据(PDU)，用以承载网络层数据或业务数据(SDU)。SDU的长度最大为1400字节。如果SDU无需组包分片，则标记通信数据中的组包分片指示b2＝0，那么PDU＝SDU。如果SDU需要组包分片，则标记通信数据中的组包分片指示b2＝1，并且在PDU中加入组包分片头，具体PDU的定义见表19，其中FLAG定义：0b00表示没有进行分片(FLAG_UNFRAG)；0b01表示第一个分片(FLAG_FRAG_START)；0b10表示后续还有分片(FLAG_FRAG_NEXT)；0b11表示最后一个分片(FLAG_FRAG_STOP)。SSEQ定义：业务数据(SDU)的序号。Priority定义：通信数据(PDU)的优先级，0表示低，1表示高。PSEQ定义：PDU的序号。SIZE定义：包数据的长度(字节数)。包数据DATA定义：组包分片后的PDU数据内容。
表19 带组包分片的PDU格式定义
Figure PCTCN2020133278-appb-000016
上行随机竞争信道在本帧内未调度的时隙，可用于多个从设备来竞争发送，上行随机竞争信道MAC负载内容定义见表20。
表20 上行随机竞争信道的MAC负载内容
主地址 信息类型 数据内容
2字节 1字节 变长
信息类型定义见表21。
表21 信息类型定义
Figure PCTCN2020133278-appb-000017
上行资源请求数据内容定义见表22。
表22 数据内容定义
Figure PCTCN2020133278-appb-000018
随机接入的数据内容定义见表23。
表23 随机接入的数据内容定义
Figure PCTCN2020133278-appb-000019
突发短数据内容定义见表24。
表24 突发短数据定义
Figure PCTCN2020133278-appb-000020
上行共享信道的MAC负载内容见表25。
表25 上行共享信道的MAC负载内容
Figure PCTCN2020133278-appb-000021
信息格式字段见表26。
表26 信息格式字段
Figure PCTCN2020133278-appb-000022
上行通信指令定义见表27。ACK反馈的指令内容见表28，通信参数上报的指令内容见表29。
表27 上行通信指令定义
Figure PCTCN2020133278-appb-000023
表28 ACK反馈的指令内容定义
位 定义 备注
b7 DSCH的ACK反馈  
b6 DRX的反馈  
b5 注册成功的反馈  
其他 保留  
表29 通信参数上报的指令内容定义
参数个数 参数类型1 参数内容1 ……
1字节 1字节 变长 ……
上行通信数据的内容定义与上行通信数据的内容定义一致，见表19。
MAC层的相关过程包括节点广播过程、随机接入过程、上行调度过程等，具体描述如下。
1、节点广播过程
广播是周期性，定时的，由主设备(节点)向从设备(节点或传感器)发送广播信息。利用BCH信道进行传输，广播的周期是多个帧一次，处于DL帧的起始位置。从设备可以通过广播信道，获取与主设备的时间同步。节点广播过程如图4所示。
2、随机接入过程
随机接入过程如图5所示，具体过程如下：
a)从设备接收主设备的DCCH，解析上行调度信息；
b)从设备选择剩余的时隙，随机退避选择后，发送URCH进行随机接入；
c)如果主设备成功接收到URCH，那么尝试进行从设备注册；
d)如果主设备成功注册从设备，那么在后续DCCH内发布该从设备的通信地址；
e)主设备通过DCCH调度从设备的上行信道或者DRX休眠。
4、预分配注册过程
主设备具备从设备的设备标识和通信地址的映射关系，并已经在接入节点完成注册。未接入网络从设备可以采用预分配注册。预分配注册只用于起始组网过程中，当从设备完成接入后，即不用再发送。预分配注册过程如图6所示，主设备通过DCCH发送预分配结果，从设备获取对应的通信地址后根据主设备指定的时隙位置通过USCH发送注册确认消息。
5、上行共享控制信道(USCH)的调度通信过程
主设备本地维护对从设备的上行调度表。调度表主要根据从设备的上传周期、上传数据长度等进行配置，也可以通过随机信道请求增加临时的调度通信。USCH的通信过程如图7所示，主设备发送DCCH，从设备读取上行时隙配置获取USCH的时隙位置并发送USCH消息。主设备通过DCCH进行上行共享信道消息的确认应答。
6、DRX调度通信过程
DRX过程如图8所示，具体过程如下：
a)从设备接收主设备发送的DRX休眠指令，并开始唤醒时间计时；
b)从设备根据本地工作状态，决定是否休眠；
c)若要休眠，那么等本次数据收发处理完毕后，自动进入休眠状态；
d)当唤醒计时结束后，从设备自动唤醒，并进入对主设备的接收状态。
7、下行共享控制信道(DSCH)的通信过程
主设备本地维护对从设备的下行调度表。DSCH通信过程见图9，从设备从DCCH中读取上行时隙配置，DSCH中读取下行数据或指令，根据下行数据类型决定是否反馈。
8、组包分片过程
组包分片功能只用于下行共享信道或者上行共享信道，具体过程如下：
a)数据包队列根据调度资源的大小，进行数据组包分片，其长度需小于等于可用的资源。
b)分片传输数据的帧格式，参见下行共享信道和上行共享信道的帧格式。
c)所有组包分片的数据包，有应答确认(本步骤为可选项)。
d)当存在丢包时，可以重传，或者多次重传失败后可整包丢弃(本步骤为可选项)。
当收到所有数据包后，复原网络层数据(SDU)。
网络层帧承载在DSCH和USCH信道上，对应为通信数据字段。网络层帧结构见表30。
表30 网络层帧结构
Figure PCTCN2020133278-appb-000024
网络帧类型定义见表31，典型配置见表32。
表31 网络帧类型定义
Figure PCTCN2020133278-appb-000025
表32 典型配置
Figure PCTCN2020133278-appb-000026
网络层指令对应的网络层负载见表33。
表33 网络层负载定义
Figure PCTCN2020133278-appb-000027
网络层指令类型的定义见表34。
表34 网络层指令类型定义
取值 定义
0x01 下属拓扑变化上报
0x02 下属设备注册请求
0x03 节点通道状态上报
0x04 节点设备状态上报
0x05 网络层应答(上行)
0x06 下属传感器的通信参数上报
0x41 下属节点路由表下发
0x42 下属传感器路由表下发
0x43 下属设备注册应答
0x44 节点通道状态查询
0x45 节点通道工作配置
0x46 节点设备状态查询
0x47 网络层应答(下行)
0x48 下属传感器的通信参数配置
0x49 下属传感器的通信参数查询
0x81 传感器黑白名单下发
0x82 传感器同步采集指令下发
0xC0～0xFF 用户自定义
其它 保留
节点下属拓扑变化上报指令内容见表35，指示定义见表36。
表35 下属拓扑变化上报指令内容定义
主设备EID 指示 数量 从设备EID1 从设备EID2 ……
6字节 1字节 1字节 6字节 6字节 ……
表36 下属拓扑变化上报的指示定义
Figure PCTCN2020133278-appb-000028
节点下属节点路由表下发指令内容定义见表37，指示定义见表38。
表37 节点下属节点路由表指令内容定义
主设备EID 指示 数量 从设备EID 从设备EID ……
6字节 1字节 1字节 6字节 6字节 ……
表38 节点下属节点路由表的指示定义
Figure PCTCN2020133278-appb-000029
节点下属传感器路由表下发指令内容定义见表39，指示定义见表40。
表39 指令内容定义
主设备EID 指示 数量 传感器EID 传感器EID ……
6字节 1字节 1字节 6字节 6字节 ……
表40 节点下属传感器路由表的指示定义
Figure PCTCN2020133278-appb-000030
下属设备注册请求指令内容定义见表41，指示定义见表42。
表41 指令内容定义
指示 从设备个数 从设备EID1 从设备EID2 ……
1字节 1字节 6字节 6字节 ……
表42 下属设备注册请求的指示定义
Figure PCTCN2020133278-appb-000031
下属设备注册应答指令内容定义见表43，设备注册应答的指示定义见表44。
表43 指令内容定义
指示 从设备个数 从设备EID1 汇聚节点1默认工作通道配置 ……
1字节 1字节 6字节 可选 ……
表44 设备注册应答的指示定义
Figure PCTCN2020133278-appb-000032
节点通道状态查询指令内容：查询序列(1字节，保留)。节点通道状态上报指令内容定义见表45，通道类型的定义见表46。
表45 指令内容定义
通道个数 通道1类型 通道2类型 ……
1字节 1字节 1字节 ……
表46 通道类型的定义
Figure PCTCN2020133278-appb-000033
节点通道工作配置下发指令内容定义见表47，通道配置定义见表48，通道编号定义见表49，通道配置指示定义见表50。
表47 指令内容定义
通道个数 通道1配置 通道2配置 ……
1字节 变长 变长 ……
表48 通道配置定义
通道编号 指示 信道编号 物理层配置编号 起始工作帧编号 广播周期
1字节 1字节 1字节 1字节 2字节 2字节
表49 下发通道配置的通道编号定义
位 定义 取值 含义
b7～b4 保留    
b3～b0 通道编号 0～15 设备上如果具备多通道，进行对应的编号。
表50 下发通道配置的指示定义
Figure PCTCN2020133278-appb-000034
节点设备状态上报指令内容定义见表51，状态索引和节点设备状态定义见表52。状态索引：每比特的序列位置对应了节点设备状态表中的编号，取值0b1表示表格中含有相关状态内容，取值0b0表示表格中不含相关状态内容。
表51 指令内容定义
状态索引 节点设备状态
2字节 变长
表52 节点设备状态表
Figure PCTCN2020133278-appb-000035
节点设备状态查询指令内容：状态索引(2字节)。
网络层应答(上行)指令内容定义见表53。
表53 指令内容定义
Figure PCTCN2020133278-appb-000036
网络层应答(下行)指令内容定义见表54。
表54 指令内容定义
Figure PCTCN2020133278-appb-000037
传感器黑白名单下发指令内容定义见表55，传感器黑白名单的指示定义见表56。
表55 指令内容定义
指示 数量 传感器EID1 传感器EID2 ……
1字节 1字节 6字节 6字节 ……
表56 传感器黑白名单的指示定义
Figure PCTCN2020133278-appb-000038
Figure PCTCN2020133278-appb-000039
传感器同步采集指令下发指令内容定义见表57。
表57 指令内容定义
采集指令类型 传感器数量 传感器EID1 传感器EID2 ……
1字节 1字节 6字节 6字节 ……
下属传感器通信参数配置指令内容定义见表58，传感器通信的参数类型和参数内容定义见表59
表58 指令内容定义
通道号 参数个数 参数类型1 参数内容1 ……
1字节 1字节 1字节 变长 ……
表59 传感器通信参数表
Figure PCTCN2020133278-appb-000040
下属传感器通信参数查询指令内容定义见表60，其中，传感器通信的参数类型定义见表59。
表60 指令内容定义
通道号 参数个数 参数类型1 参数类型2 ……
1字节 1字节 1字节 变长 ……
下属传感器通信参数上报指令内容定义见表61，其中，传感器通信的参数类型和参数内容定义见表59。
表61 指令内容定义
通道号 参数个数 参数类型1 参数内容1 ……
1字节 1字节 1字节 变长 ……
节点组网采用的拓扑结构为树状拓扑(或多跳拓扑)，由接入节点发起，逐步扩散到所有节点，具体过程如下：
a)接入节点进行广播，邻居汇聚节点根据广播信号的强度，选择进行随机接入。
b)随机接入成功时，在接入节点完成注册；若随机接入失败，则重新进行随机接入。
c)接入节点调度下属的汇聚节点进行广播。
d)迭代循环，直到所有节点设备完成局域组网。
e)对于多个接入节点(输电多跳)的网络，汇聚节点可根据与不同接入节点的通信跳数等相关指标，选择连接到哪个接入节点的局域网络。
节点(汇聚或接入节点)，根据接入节点的调度结果，在指定帧序号，进行低功耗传感器接入的广播。低功耗传感器可以是预先调度(无需随机接入，在指定帧序号和时隙位置可上行通信)，也可以通过随机接入(完成随机竞争、注册的过程)。
由于网络拓扑是树状拓扑，所以每个设备(除接入节点)都可以找到其归属的主设备，按主从关系，可以逐级完成上行数据传递。
接入节点具备其下属的所有汇聚节点和传感器的连接关系，即下行树状路由表。每个汇聚节点存储节点之间的节点路由表，以及与其从属的传感器路由表，接入节点发送的下行数据，首先通过节点路由表寻址到(与目的传感器对应的)最后一级汇聚节点；然后汇聚节点在通过其本地的传感器路由表，下发给对应的传感器。如果是给汇聚节点的数据，那么可以省略传感器通信部分。
路由更新包括静态路由更新和动态路由更新。
静态路由地址更新由接入节点发起，根据更新内容可分为以下两类：
A)接入节点发起通信，将其本地存储的节点路由表(节点组网)发送给对应的汇聚节点。
B)接入节点发起通信，将其本地存储的传感器路由表(可以是增量更新)发送给对应的汇聚节点。
动态路由地址更新由汇聚节点发起，根据更新内容可分为以下两类：
A)汇聚节点发起通信，将其下属节点拓扑信息(或拓扑变更信息)发送给接入节点。
B)汇聚节点发起通信，将其下属传感器拓扑信息(或拓扑变更信息)发送给接入节点。

Claims (9)

  1. 一种输变电设备物联网节点设备无线通信方法，其特征在于，输变电设备物联网中主设备与从设备之间的通信信道设有广播信道、下行控制信道、多播信道、下行共享信道、上行随机竞争信道和上行共享信道，不同信道通过MAC层帧头的信道类型字段进行区分；其中广播信道用于消息广播和时间同步，下行控制信道用于调度信息和应答，下行共享信道用于下行点对点的数据或信令传输，上行随机竞争信道用于上行随机接入和资源请求，上行共享信道用于上行点对点的数据或信令传输；输变电设备物联网中主设备与从设备分别为汇聚节点与传感终端，或，接入节点与汇聚节点；主设备与从设备之间的通信过程包括节点广播过程、随机接入过程、预分配注册过程、上行共享控制信道的调度通信过程、非连续接收DRX调度通信过程、下行共享控制信道的通信过程和组包分片过程；
    所述节点广播过程为主设备周期性向从设备发送广播信息；
    所述随机接入过程包括：从设备发送上行随机竞争信道随机接入请求进行随机接入，主设备成功接收后进行从设备注册，并在后续的下行控制信道内发布该从设备的通信地址；
    所述预分配注册过程用于主设备具备从设备的设备标识和通信地址的映射关系，并已经在接入节点完成注册，预分配注册过程包括：主设备通过下行控制信道发送预分配结果，从设备获取对应的通信地址后根据主设备指定的时隙位置通过上行共享信道发送注册确认消息；
    所述上行共享控制信道的调度通信过程包括：主设备发送下行控制信道消息；从设备读取上行时隙配置获取上行共享信道的时隙位置，并根据主设备指定时隙位置发送上行共享信道消息；主设备发送下行控制信道进行上行共享信道消息的确认应答；
    所述DRX调度通信过程包括：从设备接收主设备发送的DRX休眠指令，并开始唤醒时间计时；从设备根据本地工作状态，决定是否休眠；若要休眠，则等本次数据收发处理完毕后，自动进入休眠状态；当唤醒计时结束后，从设备自动唤醒，并进入对主设备的接收状态；
    所述下行共享控制信道的通信过程包括：主设备发送下行控制信道消息，从设备读取上行时隙配置；主设备发送下行共享控制信道消息，从设备读取下行数据或指令，并根据下行数据类型决定是否反馈；
    所述组包分片过程用于下行共享信道或者上行共享信道，包括：数据包队列根据调度资源的大小，进行数据组包分片，其长度小于等于可用的资源；分片传输数据；当收到所有数据包后，复原数据。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种输变电设备物联网节点设备无线通信方法，其特征在于，MAC层帧头包括MAC类型和负载长度，MAC类型包括信道类型以及网络层指示、应答指示、MIC指示、加密指示；所述网络层指示用于说明数据帧负载内容是否为网络层数据；应答指示中广播信道和多播信道无需应答。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种输变电设备物联网节点设备无线通信方法，其特征在于，所述下行控制信道用于上行数据的应答、上行时隙资源的调度、DRX休眠指令下发以及随机接入应答，同一子类型的消息，必须落在同一个下行控制信道内；下行控制信道的消息的子类型包括USCH调度、DRX调度、注册成功应答和上行接收应答。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的一种输变电设备物联网节点设备无线通信方法， 其特征在于，所述下行共享信道的MAC负载内容包括主设备地址和多个从设备地址及对应的数据长度和数据内容，其中数据内容包括信息类型、通信指令和通信数据，信息类型包括通信指令长度和通信数据组包分片指示，通信指令的类型包括从设备通信参数查询、从设备工作信道配置、从设备通信速率配置、从设备发送功率配置和从设备业务上报周期配置；通信数据字段用于承载网络层数据或业务数据，支持组包分片。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的一种输变电设备物联网节点设备无线通信方法，其特征在于，所述上行随机竞争信道的MAC负载内容包括主设备地址、信息类型和数据内容，其中信息类型包括上行资源请求、随机接入请求和突发短数据。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的一种输变电设备物联网节点设备无线通信方法，其特征在于，所述上行共享信道的MAC负载内容包括主设备地址、从设备地址、信息格式、通信指令、资源请求和通信数据；信息格式字段定义通信指令长度、通信数据组包分片指示和资源请求标识，通信指令的类型包括ACK反馈和通信参数上报；通信数据字段用于承载网络层数据或业务数据，支持组包分片。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的一种输变电设备物联网节点设备无线通信方法，其特征在于，传感终端、汇聚节点和接入节点的连接采用树状网络拓扑或多跳网络拓扑；采用树状网络拓扑时，传感终端、汇聚节点和接入节点通过给定信道的上行链路和下行链路进行连接；采用多跳网络拓扑时，网络中部分汇聚节点作为中继节点，将接入节点和汇聚节点或者是接入节点和传感终端相连；其中传感终端包括微功率传感器和低功耗传感，微功率传感器是输变电设备物联网中的单向上报传感器，由传感器发起通信，仅支持短报文传输，需容忍业务数据的随机丢包；低功耗传感器是输变电设备物联网中的双向可控传感器，由汇聚节点或接入节点发起通信，支持长报文传输、业务数据分片重传和传感器定时唤醒。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的一种输变电设备物联网节点设备无线通信方法，其特征在于，接入节点和汇聚节点间组网的拓扑建立过程包括：接入节点进行广播，邻居汇聚节点根据广播信号的强度，选择进行随机接入；随机接入成功时，在接入节点完成注册；若随机接入失败，则重新进行随机接入；接入节点调度下属的汇聚节点进行广播，迭代循环，直到所有节点设备完成局域组网；对于多个接入节点的网络，汇聚节点根据与不同接入节点的通信跳数指标，选择连接的局域网络；低功耗传感器接入的过程采用预分配注册过程或随机接入过程，微功率传感器采用随机接入过程。
  9. 一种输变电设备物联网节点设备无线通信系统，其特征在于，包括接入节点、汇聚节点和传感终端，输变电设备物联网中汇聚节点与传感终端间通信时，汇聚节点为主设备，传感终端为从设备；接入节点与汇聚节点进行通信时，接入节点为主设备，汇聚节点为从设备；主设备与从设备之间的通信方法采用根据权利要求1-8任一项所述的输变电设备物联网节点设备无线通信方法。
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